Table E1a\--Winter wheat fertilizer statistics and nutrient management,
by state, 1995 Cropping Practices Survey Data

Data items Units Total CO ID IL KS MO MT NE OH OK

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 34,265 2,700 770 1,390 11,000 1,230 1,370 2,100
1,210 5,200

Number of samples (No.) 1,936 84 87 76 393 69 94 93 73 510

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 29,541 1,679 725 1,317 9,987 1,095 1,224
1,671 1,210 4,961

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 1,971,489 81,993 79,685 121,733 563,773
110,383 69,656 79,999 102,646 352,831

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 67 49 110 92 56 101 57 48 85 71

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.8

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 18,429 626 534 1,171 6,780 807 1,122 881
1,126 3,013

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 688,532 17,094 21,693 89,175 216,871 43,183
31,262 27,265 72,305 95,734

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 37 27 41 76 32 53 28 31 64 32

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 5,426 NR 63 988 731 826 394 135 1,109 620

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 281,376 NR 1,094 89,940 25,155 57,482 4,706
1,160 79,097 9,856

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 52 NR 17 91 34 70 12 9 71 16

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.1 NR 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 1,324,038 77,920 47,698 47,439 416,510
34,325 55,492 56,720 25,553 260,654

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 647,451 4,074 31,987 74,293
147,263 76,059 14,162 23,280 77,093 92,178

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 29,577 1,646 670 1,171 10,324 903 1,647
1,671 1,109 5,135

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 13,780 263 453 1,116 4,051 1,019
306 632 1,109 2,796

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 647,772 16,601 17,236 88,333 206,799
40,206 30,184 26,766 66,061 86,836

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 40,760 494 4,457 841 10,072
2,977 1,079 499 6,243 8,898

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 17,437 592 489 1,152 6,414 749 1,122 858
1,109 2,785

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 1,262 33 100 18 366 96 29 45 101
261

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 262,278 NR 951 87,014 22,342 51,487 4,706
979 72,846 9,611

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 19,099 NR 143 2,926 2,813 5,995
NR 181 6,252 245

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 5,047 NR 36 969 591 749 394 113 1,092 621

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 582 NR 27 37 141 115 NR 45 134 22

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 4,629 99 199 1,225 760 788
NR 135 1,076 98

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 1,298 NR 127 329 169 154 NR NR
420 NR

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) 854 132 9 73 338 38 NR 23
67 11

Manure analyzed for nutrients (1,000 ac.) 107 33 NR NR 56 NR NR NR NR NR

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) 7,525 395 254 183 1,941 173
466 135 269 1,675

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) 6,868 362 254 91 1,716 115
466 135 118 1,610

(CONTINUED)

Table E1a\--Winter wheat fertilizer statistics and nutrient management,
by state, 1995 Cropping Practices Survey Data\--continued

Data items Units OR SD TX WA

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 825 1,520 2,800 2,150

Number of samples (No.) 94 61 154 148

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 807 760 2,050 2,054

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 55,888 28,332 173,695 150,874

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 69 37 85 73

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 142 597 1,025 605

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 4,468 18,218 38,529 12,735

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 31 31 38 21

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 80 NR 256 223

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 2,094 NR 3,903 6,888

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 26 NR 15 31

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 NR 1.0 1.0

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 35,054 13,216 124,584 128,874

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 20,835 15,116 49,112 21,999

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 727 624 1,830 2,118

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 408 407 805 414

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 4,173 15,884 36,315 12,6379

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 295 2,334 2,214 357

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 125 516 951 574

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 27 81 73 32

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 1,804 NR 3,666 6,872

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 290 NR 238 16

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 53 NR 238 291

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 27 NR 18 16

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 44 27 18 159

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 35 NR NR 64

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) 35 54 73 NR

Manure analyzed for nutrients (1,000 ac.) NR NR 18 NR

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) 408 271 366 987

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) 390 271 366 971

Table E1b\--Soybean fertilizer statistics and nutrient management, by
state, 1995

Data items Units Total AR GA IL IN IA KY LA MN MS

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 51,840 3,450 320 9,750 5,000 9,300 1,170 1,070
5,900 1,850

Number of samples (No.) 2,085 125 134 210 142 209 162 167 98 179

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 8,702 552 194 1,704 797 934 489 33 903 114

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 253,160 25,549 6,030 40,198 16,925 26,449
15,399 1,190 17,047 1,509

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 29 46 31 24 21 28 32 36 19 13

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 11,315 966 215 2,508 1,051 1,068 555 181 903
300

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 611,300 47,927 10,752 186,299 46,769 44,005
33,387 7,503 44,807 13,823

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 54 50 50 74 45 41 60 42 50 46

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 13,098 1,049 210 3,029 1,703 1,157 548 181
1,023 413

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 1,110,590 66,475 12,970 335,493 184,279
73,967 41,084 10,305 76,959 24,567

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 85 63 62 111 108 64 75 57 75 59

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 94,214 5,368 3,533 14,275 4,118 4,494
8,538 428 8,922 388

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 111,313 17,145 1,700
21,013 10,964 18,289 4,034 762 5,701 1,121

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 27,228 2,098 NR 4,619 1,569 3,608
1,074 NR 2,423 NR

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 20,404 938 797 292 274 59 1,754
NR NR NR

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 3,019 166 100 663 254 222 274 20 361 31

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 3,716 304 71 899 399 400
163 20 301 83

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 1,669 138 NR 95 109 267 44 NR 301 NR

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 709 28 24 47 72 44 15 NR NR NR

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 272,122 27,117 4,849 93,470 27,149 16,998
20,027 2,729 14,088 2,372

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 267,893 15,014 5,075
86,620 15,333 21,359 10,511 3,089 15,924 11,451

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 65,193 5,796 NR 6,210 4,286 5,413
2,147 963 14,795 NR

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 6,092 NR 829 NR NR 235 701 722
NR NR

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 4,647 442 118 1,231 507 356 326 74 301 52

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 4,735 386 73 1,136 399
445 178 74 301 248

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 1,798 138 NR 142 145 222 44 13 361
NR

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 248 NR 24 NR NR 44 15 20 NR NR

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 549,240 34,790 7,196 182,848 97,982 32,528
26,603 4,614 18,362 5,612

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 470,169 23,405 4,085
139,866 80,290 30,926 10,530 3,283 40,114 18,955

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 80,714 8,280 NR 12,779 6,007 7,340
3,147 963 18,483 NR

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 10,466 NR 1,689 NR NR 3,174 804
1,445 NR NR

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 5,813 497 121 1,609 833 356 326 74 301 103

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 5,688 414 66 1,373 725
489 170 74 482 310

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 1,519 138 NR 95 145 222 44 13 361 NR

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 292 NR 24 NR NR 89 15 20 NR NR

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 11,656 1,904 205 1,136 688
356 385 682 482 1,468

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 1,012 55 NR 237 72 133 44 NR
120 10

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) 2,409 55 16 142 217 1,201
7 NR 361 NR

Manure analyzed for nutrients (1,000 ac.) 200 28 NR NR NR 44 NR NR 120
NR

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) 1,666 NR 94 NR NR NR 437 114
NR 382

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) 649 NR 45 NR NR NR 178 33 NR
93

Table E1b\--Soybean fertilizer statistics and nutrient management, by
state, 1995\--continued

Data items Units MO NE NC OH TN

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 4,600 3,100 1,150 4,050 1,130

Number of samples (No.) 129 83 154 128 165

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 641 635 511 964 230

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 35,940 25,424 21,109 13,262 7,129

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 56 40 41 14 31

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 980 486 481 1,189 432

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 53,296 18,361 21,677 59,712 22,981

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 54 38 45 50 53

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 980 336 526 1,511 432

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 78,087 4,635 45,752 128,608 27,408

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 80 14 87 85 63

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 17,080 14,417 8,801 2,726 1,126

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 11,696 2,540 4,878 6,512
4,959

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 1,508 4,182 1,537 3,566 1,044

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 5,656 4,285 5,893 457 NR

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 415 149 210 96 58

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 189 112 150 482 144

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 75 224 98 289 29

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 38 261 83 96 NR

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 28,599 4,930 11,624 14,018 4,153

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 22,284 5,627 7,125
32,243 16,237

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 1,282 6,374 2,928 12,407 2,591

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 1,131 1,430 NR 1,045 NR

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 528 112 241 289 72

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 377 112 150 546 309

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 38 224 98 321 50

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 38 75 NR 32 NR

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 39,703 2,614 24,345 66,852 5,189

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 36,121 1,470 10,448
51,769 18,908

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) NR 503 10,959 8,942 3,311

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 2,262 48 NR 1,045 NR

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 566 75 271 611 72

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 377 75 150 675 309

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) NR 112 113 225 50

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 38 75 NR 32 NR

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 2,036 261 481 996 576

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 151 37 NR NR 151

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) 75 75 98 161 NR

Manure analyzed for nutrients (1,000 ac.) NR NR 8 NR NR

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) NR NR 293 NR 345

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) NR NR 113 NR 187

Table E1c\--Cotton fertilizer statistics and nutrient management, by
state, 1995

Data items Units ALL AZ AR CA LA MS TX

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 11,650 365 1,170 1,170 1,085 1,460 6,400

Number of samples (No.) 1,075 79 122 173 93 161 447

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 10,110 354 1,140 1,163 957 1,460 5,036

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 973,182 70,093 115,938 196,309 111,867
166,917 312,057

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 96 198 102 169 117 114 62

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.7 2.7 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.4

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 6,563 122 900 468 455 588 4,030

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 282,367 7,144 40,695 30,335 21,413 31,890
150,889

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 43 59 45 65 47 54 37

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 4,696 26 1,000 234 525 901 2,010

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 239,831 526 75,266 17,380 38,112 77,662
30,885

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 51 20 75 74 73 86 15

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 195,378 1,960 31,511 35,364 11,965 15,873
98,704

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 233,139 3,315 28,060
18,518 13,545 50,156 119,545

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 38,416 3,262 12,802 8,034 4,387
1,587 8,344

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 506,249 61,556 43,566 134,393
81,970 99,301 85,464

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 3,150 53 440 402 140 245 1,870

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 4,423 63 480 234 257 882
2,507

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 721 53 200 102 47 29 290

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 5,300 317 470 973 735 1,293 1,511

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 96,023 1,317 18,671 10,580 3,197 9,331
52,928

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 132,203 1,501 20,604
6,608 9,975 20,294 73,222

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 11,635 1,489 300 2,627 1,960 366
4,892

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 42,505 2,838 1,120 10,520 6,282
1,899 19,847

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 2,408 26 420 183 82 167 1,530

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 3,116 37 450 102 245 353
1,929

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 249 16 10 59 12 10 143

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 1,123 63 40 176 152 69 624

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 90,563 40 39,218 4,393 11,923 24,761
10,227

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 111,841 476 29,283 896
15,423 50,509 15,254

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 4,189 7 1,000 1,899 1,120 NR 163

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 33,238 3 5,765 10,192 9,645
2,392 5,241

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 1,587 5 520 51 128 245 637

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 2,295 11 420 15 245 578
1,027

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 82 11 10 37 12 NR 13

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 987 5 70 139 175 98 500

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 536 5 100 88 105 39 198

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 84 5 20 59 NR NR NR

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) 337 37 NR 183 NR 10 107

Manure analyzed for nutrients (1,000 ac.) 108 NR NR 59 NR 10 40

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) 3,171 90 600 636 548 539 758

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) 2,998 90 560 622 525 470 731

Table E1d\--Corn fertilizer statistics and nutrient management, by
state, 1995

Data items Units Total DE GA IL IN IA KS KY MI MN

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 64,105 145 400 10,200 5,400 11,700 2,150 1,280
2,450 6,700

Number of samples (No.) 2,745 77 115 268 180 632 72 158 85 172

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 62,465 130 400 10,046 5,235 11,363 2,150
1,255 2,421 6,426

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 8,148,983 13,293 54,109 1,542,896 695,624
1,365,825 311,435 197,444 307,261 755,597

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 130 102 135 154 133 120 145 157 127 118

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.8 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.7

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 51,662 126 383 8,391 4,774 8,944 1,527 970
2,071 5,799

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 2,912,435 8,754 30,432 629,974 324,352
534,515 59,786 72,578 105,968 294,150

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 56 70 80 75 68 60 39 75 51 51

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 44,622 113 383 8,468 4,412 8,869 530 912
2,071 5,681

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 3,496,032 11,860 33,668 894,163 469,487
642,846 18,889 74,396 217,605 367,475

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 78 105 88 106 106 72 36 82 105 65

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.1

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 2,004,204 3,814 8,042 434,539 94,230
359,610 151,267 64,612 6,545 231,229

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 3,369,607 2,056 8,485
778,995 288,904 790,877 82,978 84,119 58,137 382,343

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 781,446 3,553 5,489 55,134 87,141
54,705 35,508 20,026 83,495 51,606

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 1,993,726 3,871 32,093 274,228
225,349 160,633 41,682 28,686 159,084 90,419

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 19,934 34 125 4,888 1,185 3,506 1,371 510
88 2,116

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 30,675 31 163 6,235 2,733
7,650 654 627 496 3,722

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 25,811 74 143 1,386 3,293 2,063 592
310 2,013 2,782

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 18,817 44 292 2,309 2,239 1,725
592 234 1,371 980

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 942,206 1,524 10,003 380,366 71,777
192,910 16,672 24,328 350 85,197

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 930,060 997 12,943
213,211 83,749 267,830 18,383 28,864 5,775 128,685

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 998,316 6,233 6,864 31,521 165,556
71,525 17,708 17,290 99,843 79,446

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 41,853 NR 623 4,876 3,270 2,250
7,023 2,097 NR 823

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 13,960 32 132 4,657 1,185 2,738 436 326 29
1,215

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 15,919 23 163 3,002 1,383
4,388 405 376 117 2,351

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 24,663 71 136 1,001 3,128 2,044 592
276 1,954 2,704

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 1,120 NR 14 154 99 56 187 25 NR
39

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 1,463,257 6,218 12,031 556,314 216,438
261,361 5,671 31,093 67,264 101,958

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 1,413,283 1,877 16,930
312,066 214,485 328,331 8,351 30,273 77,000 165,395

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 582,494 3,765 2,508 17,243 35,152
48,242 2,281 11,318 73,341 99,847

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 36,997 NR 2,198 8,540 3,411
4,913 2,586 1,712 NR 274

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 14,939 34 132 4,773 1,877 2,981 187 351 642
1,293

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 16,871 29 181 3,195 1,976
4,425 218 360 671 2,429

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 15,202 55 45 616 922 1,575 93 176
1,429 2,390

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 895 NR 42 115 132 113 62 25 NR 39

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 36,020 86 136 7,275 4,017
8,156 592 812 933 4,819

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 16,281 13 NR 3,002 1,087 6,469
62 84 29 2,704

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) 9,561 44 73 847 560 1,894
249 59 554 1,489

Manure analyzed for nutrients (1,000 ac.) 977 11 14 NR 99 150 62 NR 204
157

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) 22,307 73 254 2,579 2,404
3,600 1,278 468 700 2,468

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) 12,457 23 87 462 593 1,838
1,246 226 408 1,254

Land using nitrogen stabilizers (1,000 ac.) 6,365 34 7 1,886 1,087 656
93 100 204 392

(CONTINUED)

Table E1d\--Corn fertilizer statistics and nutrient management, by
state, 1995\--continued

Data items Units MO NE NC OH PA SD TX WI

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 1,650 8,000 800 3,300 1,380 2,800 2,100 3,650

Number of samples (No.) 119 199 132 136 86 104 74 136

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 1,622 7,908 788 3,300 1,279 2,531 2,070 3,543

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 234,320 1,097,201 169,184 535,541 97,805
195,515 292,940 282,992

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 144 139 215 162 76 77 142 80

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.4 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.7

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 1,206 5,469 745 2,977 1,212 2,019 1,613 3,435

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 63,591 167,414 61,586 203,673 58,190 71,715
76,625 149,131

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 53 31 83 68 48 36 48 43

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 1,123 2,323 739 2,928 1,178 808 730 3,355

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 84,355 39,306 62,469 287,694 47,777 15,726
19,031 209,285

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 75 17 84 98 41 19 26 62

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 80,796 280,876 6,909 45,262 21,269 42,565
143,208 29,431

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 108,589 386,085 41,030
104,683 19,601 92,610 45,909 94,207

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 10,247 94,591 46,078 96,941 35,325
23,218 3,634 74,755

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 34,689 335,649 75,167 288,655
21,610 37,122 100,189 84,599

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 666 2,204 145 670 202 565 1,309 349

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 874 3,261 400 844 202
1,212 578 993

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 194 4,178 521 2,605 1,195 915 274
3,274

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 250 3,320 606 2,159 320 592 791
993

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 24,840 13,085 8,839 44,541 1,927 15,831
43,817 6,200

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 32,045 28,647 22,715
26,468 2,844 23,746 21,457 11,702

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 6,706 116,336 29,877 127,229 50,921
28,680 11,352 131,230

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) NR 9,346 155 5,435 2,497 3,459
NR NR

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 430 345 139 695 50 377 1,065 107

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 610 845 382 347 101 727
457 242

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 166 4,196 497 2,382 1,161 862 274
3,221

After planting application (1,000 ac.) NR 307 6 74 50 108 NR NR

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 32,321 1,586 18,627 121,772 6,345 4,604
10,314 9,340

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 46,020 15,166 30,958
106,124 6,950 8,104 8,108 37,144

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 6,015 19,803 12,547 53,594 32,021
2,749 609 161,460

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) NR 2,751 337 6,203 2,460 269 NR
1,342

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 430 75 188 1,042 101 242 457 134

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 596 455 382 868 118 323
243 403

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 97 1,673 164 1,514 1,094 215 30
3,113

After planting application (1,000 ac.) NR 195 18 50 50 27 NR 27

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 1,123 2,575 479 1,737 387
1,185 152 1,557

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 277 1,083 NR 571 67 162 NR 671

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) 42 305 85 521 774 350 213
1,503

Manure analyzed for nutrients (1,000 ac.) NR NR 12 25 67 NR 122 54

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) 319 4,136 430 1,141 303 888
487 778

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) 305 3,708 91 496 118 862 365
376

Land using nitrogen stabilizers (1,000 ac.) 111 503 309 521 101 54 91
215

Table E1e\--Spring and durum wheat fertilizer statistics and nutrient
management, by state, 1995

\- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Spring- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Durum

Data items Units Total MN MT ND SD ND

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 18,700 2,250 3,950 8,300 1,250 2,950

Number of samples (No.) 428 63 83 105 60 117

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 16,559 2,139 3,083 7,405 1,185 2,747

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 991,519 177,706 119,153 458,048 57,297
179,316

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 60 83 39 62 48 65

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 14,779 2,029 2,842 6,754 841 2,314

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 418,034 74,701 64,231 201,926 21,883 55,293

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 28 37 23 30 26 24

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 3,974 1,623 674 1,221 151 305

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 77,288 43,191 10,891 16,287 2,250 4,669

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 19 27 16 13 15 15

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 357,464 67,078 39,433 152,028 23,108
75,818

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 423,197 84,845 23,979
215,595 21,976 76,802

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 204,192 24,677 52,330 89,114 12,213
25,857

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 6,666 1,107 3,410 1,310 NR 839

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 5,072 811 578 2,197 366 1,119

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 6,802 1,217 337 3,418 431
1,399

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 11,838 1,291 2,553 5,452 711 1,831

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 288 37 145 81 NR 25

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 23,692 5,948 7,226 5,330 1,509 3,680

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 87,910 25,589 4,754
41,907 8,530 7,130

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 304,086 43,164 49,905 154,689
11,844 44,484

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 2,346 NR 2,346 NR NR NR

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 645 148 96 163 86 153

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 2,561 627 193 1,221 216
305

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 11,795 1,328 2,457 5,615 539 1,856

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 96 NR 96 NR NR NR

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 8,031 3,513 2,890 1,627 NR NR

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 30,546 19,789 1,445
4,964 1,164 3,184

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 38,711 19,889 6,556 9,696 1,086
1,485

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 240 111 48 81 NR NR

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 1,243 627 48 325 65 178

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 2,646 959 578 895 86 127

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 2,109 848 NR 814 345 102

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 1,045 480 NR 407 108 51

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) 380 111 NR 81 86 102

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) 5,085 811 867 2,360 259 788

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) 4,739 516 867 2,360 259 737

Table E1f\--Fall potato fertilizer statistics and nutrient management,
by state, 1995

Data items Units Total CO ID ME MI MN NY ND OR PA

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 1,147 77 400 78 55 83 29 125 52 18

Number of samples (No.) 1,366 72 263 148 88 94 82 140 143 56

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 1,138 77 400 77 55 77 29 125 51 18

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 251,216 19,868 98,661 13,682 10,367 9,644
3,679 20,128 12,197 2,366

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 221 258 247 178 188 125 127 161 240 134

Ave. No. of treatments No. 3.5 5.3 4.4 1.3 2.8 2.0 1.2 2.9 3.7 1.7

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 1,129 76 398 77 54 82 29 117 50 17

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 192,682 15,305 73,710 13,871 6,790 8,105
5,449 10,177 9,160 1,952

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 171 202 185 180 126 98 188 87 183 115

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.9 1.2

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 1,024 66 335 77 55 72 29 111 45 17

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 173,793 5,948 42,471 14,292 13,175 9,776
5,017 13,434 7,468 2,541

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 170 90 127 186 240 136 173 121 165 149

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.6 2.2 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.3

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 32,092 705 12,484 371 116 546 270 1,573
2,303 2

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 47,334 3,922 26,526 60
940 1,970 147 5,498 2,045 123

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 39,484 3,167 3,868 12,336 3,047
2,123 2,697 4,015 1,802 1,802

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 132,307 12,074 55,783 916 6,264
5,006 566 9,043 6,046 438

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 314 7 164 2 3 9 3 20 23 NR

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 457 36 241 1 10 29 2 68
20 2

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 525 31 99 75 53 40 23 61 27 17

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 837 70 352 17 46 34 7 72 38 7

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 44,932 1,978 25,491 172 60 802 204 610
2,648 3

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 50,479 5,671 29,575 60
308 2,850 195 4,407 1,934 102

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 60,064 4,427 6,479 13,224 5,950
4,389 4,786 4,130 2,433 1,845

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 37,207 3,229 12,165 415 472 64
265 1,031 2,145 2

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 305 9 166 1 1 9 3 10 23 NR

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 419 36 227 1 3 32 2 57 17
2

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 522 30 101 75 50 40 23 61 26 17

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 343 26 163 5 5 3 1 18 19 1

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 50,313 679 13,850 278 3,585 915 1,002
1,120 3,850 196

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 54,681 1,575 16,481 60
6,147 5,282 358 7,166 2,039 438

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 45,750 778 5,533 13,188 2,823 3,256
3,201 3,686 768 1,888

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 23,049 2,917 6,607 766 620 324
455 1,462 810 20

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 293 6 114 2 15 9 5 11 21 2

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 417 25 176 1 28 31 2 58
15 4

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 395 16 44 75 27 32 23 57 10 15

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 262 33 89 8 9 3 2 25 12 2

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 131 1 36 6 7 13 2 14 7 6

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 71 1 29 1 NR 12 1 1 2 3

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) 26 2 6 2 5 1 2 1 1 4

Manure analyzed for nutrients (1,000 ac.) 12 NR 6 1 3 NR NR NR NR 1

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) 945 58 364 40 36 64 10 102 47
10

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) 888 57 361 30 25 49 7 102 47
4

Table E1f\--Fall potato fertilizer statistics and nutrient management,
by state, 1995\--continued

Data items Units WA WI

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 147 83

Number of samples (No.) 148 132

Fertilizer Use:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 147 83

Amount applied (1,000 lbs) 44,070 16,554

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 300 199

Ave. No. of treatments No. 3.3 4.1

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 146 82

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 36,267 11,896

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 248 146

Ave. No. of treatments No. 2.2 1.6

[Potash]{.underline}

Land receiving (1,000 ac.) 134 83

Amount applied (1,000 lbs.) 32,385 27,285

Application rate (lbs. per ac.) 242 329

Ave. No. of treatments No. 1.6 2.6

Time of nutrient applications:

[Nitrogen]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 13,680 43

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 5,888 215

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 1,236 3,391

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 23,266 12,904

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 82 1

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 44 4

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 21 77

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 116 78

[Phosphate]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 12,255 709

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 4,866 510

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 2,015 10,387

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 17,131 290

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 75 8

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 39 4

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 21 77

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 89 15

[Potash]{.underline}

Fall application (1,000 lbs.) 18,111 6,726

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 lbs.) 5,591 9,544

At planting application (1,000 lbs.) 1,512 9,118

After planting application (1,000 lbs.) 7,171 1,897

Fall application (1,000 ac.) 79 29

Spring before‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 36 42

At‑planting application (1,000 ac.) 19 77

After planting application (1,000 ac.) 54 24

Nutrient Management Practices:

Land with a preceding legume crop (1,000 ac) 27 13

Nitrogen adjustment for legume (1,000 ac) 16 4

Land with livestock manure applied (1,000 ac.) NR 3

Manure analyzed for nutrients (1,000 ac.) NR 1

Land with soil or tissue tests (1,000 ac.) 144 71

Nutrient test included nitrogen (1,000 ac.) 144 63

Table E2a\--Wheat pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL CO id IL KS MN MO MT NE ND OH OK

Planted area 1,000 acres 52,965 2,700 770 1,390 11,000 2,250 1,230 5,320
2,100 11,250 1,210 5,200

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 42,488 1,844 670 695 9,199 2,029 461
4,236 1,558 9,261 622 4,602

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 35,364 1,350 390 658 7,568 1,697 442
3,979 1,219 7.690 487 4,308

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 1,898 66 181 37 141 184 19 15 135 NR 34 185

A professional service 1,000 acres 1,817 198 54 NR 647 111 NR 77 68 132
34 98

Average Scouting fee \$ per acre 2.78 id ID NR 3.30 id NR NR NR id NR
3.08

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 1,101 NR 36 37 113
295 NR 140 23 188 34 98

Pheromone traps to monitor pests 1,000 acres 108 NR 9 NR 56 NR NR NR NR
NR NR NR

Weed mapping for preventive treatments 1,000 acres 1,563 99 NR 18 169 NR
NR 318 23 290 NR 250

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 28,745 1,120 534 969 6,893
1,881 442 3,022 881 6,017 907 2,078

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 13,252 593 208 183
3,629 480 192 859 271 1,704 185 2,404

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 326 132 NR NR NR NR NR 15 NR 81 NR NR

Adjustments of planting dates

for pest management purposes 1,000 acres 18,789 757 290 896 5,739 664
404 2,048 768 2,696 823 849

Pheromones used for pest control 1,000 acres 92 NR 9 NR 56 NR NR NR NR
NR NR NR

Pesticide treatments to seeds 1,000 acres 22,761 329 643 695 2,335 1,180
423 4,760 90 5,462 1,109 1,414

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 20,492 527 525 622 2,645
1,955 404 1,927 610 6,230 639 957

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 7,512 494 199 402 1,210 332 192 985 248 834 252 326

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 39,857 2,009 544 860 9,199 1,770 865
4,137 1,513 7,492 891 4,438

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 8,362 198 118 146 1,547 295 231 1,164 452
2,090 101 685

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 30,501 1,383 507 878 6,668 1,254 807 2,501
1,039 6,708 857 2,905

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 4,457 329 82 91 1,266 295 NR
295 181 559 101 490

Media or demonstration events 1,000 acres 2,559 66 NR 91 169 221 77 506
203 509 84 261

Other information sources 1,000 acres 5,806 626 54 183 1,322 148 115 839
135 549 67 805

(CONTINUED)

Table E2a\--Wheat pest management practices, 1995, by state\--continued

Data items Units OR SD TX WA

Planted area 1,000 acres 825 2,770 2,800 2,150

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 701 2,181 2,342 2,086

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 381 1,851 1,958 1,386

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 160 81 183 478

A professional service 1,000 acres 35 135 165 64

Average Scouting fee \$ per acre id ID id NA

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 27 27 37 48

Pheromone traps to monitor pests 1,000 acres 9 NR 18 16

Weed mapping for preventive treatments 1,000 acres 71 97 37 191

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 364 1,206 1,190 1,242

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 124 596 1,537 287

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres NR 27 55 16

Adjustments of planting dates

for pest management purposes 1,000 acres 240 1,008 732 876

Pheromones used for pest control 1,000 acres NR 27 NR NR

Pesticide treatments to seeds 1,000 acres 807 168 1,354 1,991

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 373 1,066 915 1,099

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 772 643 128 494

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 44 2,045 2,617 1,433

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 80 780 348 127

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 577 1,017 1,665 1,736

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 80 211 366 111

Media or demonstration events 1,000 acres 9 255 92 16

Other information sources 1,000 acres 80 481 275 127

Table E2b\--Soybean pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL AR DE GA IL IN IA KY LA MN MS MO

Planted area 1,000 acres 50,665 3,450 225 320 9,600 4,700 8,800 1,170
1,070 5,700 1,850 4,600

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 38,705 2,466 199 131 8,216 3,491
6,902 674 856 4,984 1,623 2,649

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 34,428 2,318 178 131 7,487 3,120 6,229
533 615 4,363 1,271 2,583

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 2,290 85 9 NR 546 261 455 44 13 189 134 53

A professional service 1,000 acres 1,582 63 13 NR 109 110 58 30 207 405
165 13

Average Scouting fee \$ per acre 3.28 4.62 id NA id ID 2.52 id 3.44 2.92
3.50 ID

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 1,498 275 47 24 219
69 237 104 47 135 93 105

Weed mapping for preventive treatments 1,000 acres 7,197 1,005 19 13
1,767 522 910 178 314 702 413 369

Pesticide treatments to seeds 1,000 acres 12,247 1,408 26 184 1,894
1,044 1,305 370 502 513 1,044 923

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 33,457 2,582 137 197 6,558
2,831 5,893 585 595 4,106 816 3,335

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 14,253 815 4 10 2,204 1,031 1,523 104 234 3,877 31
2,109

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 14,219 1,757 2 307 1,530 838 1,266
1,007 796 473 1,716 1,015

(CONTINUED)

Table E2b\--Soybeans pest management practices, 1995, by
state\--continued

Data items Units NE NC OH TN

Planted area 1,000 acres 2,900 1,150 4,000 1,130

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 1,733 955 3,036 792

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 1,563 932 2,450 655

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 23 NR 456 22

A professional service 1,000 acres 147 23 130 7

Average Scouting fee \$ per acre 5.12 id ID NA

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 23 30 91 NR

Weed mapping for preventive treatments 1,000 acres 396 60 469 58

Pesticide treatments to seeds 1,000 acres 680 278 1,407 669

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 2,028 564 2,554 677

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 895 158 1,173 86

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 521 940 1,016 1,036

Table E2c\--Cotton pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL AZ AR CA LA MS TX

Planted area 1,000 acres 11,650 365 1,170 1,170 1,085 1,460 6,400

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 10,216 360 1,150 1,141 1,050 1,460
5,055

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 3,723 63 210 402 58 196 2,793

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 833 95 20 344 23 49 302

A professional service 1,000 acres 5,504 201 880 395 968 1,215 1,844

Average Scouting fee \$ per acre 6.00 8.77 5.96 6.68 6.82 5.78 4.98

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 1,034 63 190 212 117
343 109

Pheromone traps to monitor pests 1,000 acres 2,854 254 510 132 338 666
954

Weed mapping for preventive treatments 1,000 acres 2,432 32 270 358 175
510 1,088

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 4,204 111 470 453 688 882
1,600

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 8,921 275 860 1,075
700 1,186 4,825

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 108 11 NR NR NR 10 88

Adjustments of planting dates

for pest management purposes 1,000 acres 3,751 111 300 263 537 627 1,913

Pheromones used for pest control 1,000 acres 1,140 127 280 7 47 225 454

Pesticide treatments to seeds 1,000 acres 9,437 296 950 1,119 1,015
1,440 4,617

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 6,227 217 620 841 677 1,068
2,804

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 794 26 50 15 NR NR 703

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 10,729 323 1,110 1,141 1,062 1,450
5,644

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 1,302 11 180 NR NR 245 867

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 3,805 111 50 453 152 265 2,775

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 5,763 238 900 687 933 931
2,074

Media or demonstration events 1,000 acres 331 NR 20 NR NR NR 311

Other information sources 1,000 acres 425 5 20 29 NR 10 361

Table E2d\--Corn pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL DE GA IL IN IA KS KY MI MN MO NE

Planted area 1,000 acres 69,755 145 400 11,600 6,100 13,000 2,150 1,280
2,550 7,000 2,400 8,600

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 51,283 124 195 10,062 4,712 10,459
2,119 686 1,819 5,691 1,445 6,055

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 42,031 67 184 8,764 4,294 9,123 1,153
577 1,558 5,015 1,394 3,556

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 3,240 50 10 801 144 798 NR 33 96 250 8 388

A professional service 1,000 acres 5,418 6 NR 272 275 310 966 75 165 397
25 2,019

Average Scouting fee \$ per acre 4.52 id NA 2.34 3.09 3.60 6.02 5.07
3.04 3.46 id 5.35

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 2,052 11 14 256 209
195 405 142 26 59 34 229

Weed mapping for preventive treatments 1,000 acres 9,294 13 59 2,131 929
1,906 561 251 122 897 220 1,183

Pesticide treatments to seeds 1,000 acres 49,382 NR NR 10,334 4,987
9,954 NR NR 2,524 5,485 2,096 7,834

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 41,896 107 174 7,643 3,561
7,836 1,340 561 1,601 5,074 1,758 5,523

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 24,999 42 70 4,310 2,147 4,008 280 184 975 4,368
1,107 3,505

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 16,280 55 303 2,179 1,322 1,792 1,838
1,037 461 529 465 1,668

(CONTINUED)

Table E2d\--Corn pest management practices, 1995, by state\--continued

Data items Units NC OH PA SD TX WI

Planted area 1,000 acres 800 3,700 1,380 2,800 2,100 3,750

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 703 2,823 825 NR 1,370 2,196

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 691 2,470 505 NR 822 1,875

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 6 302 135 NR NR 218

A professional service 1,000 acres NR 60 185 NR 548 114

Average Scouting fee \$ per acre NA 2.51 id NA id 4.47

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 291 30 67 NR 30 52

Weed mapping for preventive treatments 1,000 acres 30 434 168 NR 183 207

Pesticide treatments to seeds 1,000 acres NR 3,246 NR NR NR 2,921

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 467 2,248 606 NR 913 2,486

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 79 1,553 471 NR 243 1,657

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 691 877 791 NR 1,857 414

Table E2e\--Potato pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL id ME OR WA

Planted area 1,000 acres 666 390 81 50 145

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 572 327 72 42 131

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 133 62 44 8 20

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 259 150 2 26 81

A professional service 1,000 acres 144 98 9 6 31

Average Scouting fee \$ per acre 9.23 11.39 3.54 3.32 6.05

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 361 220 6 27 108

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 149 45 3 16 85

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 8 3 1 1 2

Seed treatments with pesticides 1,000 acres 619 374 57 49 140

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 509 274 64 37 133

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 48 34 8 1 5

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 517 281 71 39 125

Table E2f\--Apple pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL CA MI NY NC OR PA WA

Planted area 1,000 acres 329 33 54 52 11 8 22 147

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 277 24 48 51 10 7 21 115

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 108 16 31 23 10 4 5 19

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 100 2 8 7 NR 2 6 74

A professional service 1,000 acres 53 6 6 19 NR 1 9 13

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 37 4 4 9 NR 1 2 17

Pheromone traps to monitor pests 1,000 acres 227 18 37 32 NR 5 2 132

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 32 5 2 8 NR 2 1 14

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 264 16 43 40 1 6 21
137

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 3 1 NR NR NR NR NR 3

Pheromones used for pest control 1,000 acres 50 10 11 5 NR 2 NR 21

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 248 17 49 42 10 7 20 103

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 133 8 26 24 6 3 9 56

Requirements of processor

or a sales contract 1,000 acres 1 NR NR NR NR NR NR 1

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 183 20 27 28 5 5 12 87

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 63 6 23 22 2 2 3 6

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 160 7 13 18 9 3 8 102

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 75 11 13 12 NR 1 10 27

Media or demonstration events 1,000 acres 7 NR 3 1 NR NR 1 2

Other information sources 1,000 acres 21 9 3 NR NR 1 NR 8

Area using an organic production system 1,000 acres 6 4 NR NR NR NR NR 2

Table E2g\--Grape pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL CA MI NY OR PA WA

Planted area 1,000 acres 743 651 11 32 5 11 33

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 509 438 9 27 3 11 22

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 262 201 6 25 2 11 17

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 165 159 1 NR NR NR 4

A professional service 1,000 acres 77 76 1 NR NR NR

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 151 147 1 NR NR NR 2

Pheromone traps to monitor pests 1,000 acres 92 88 NR 1 NR 1 1

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 86 82 NR 2 NR 1 0

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 231 206 6 5 1 5 8

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 39 39 NR NR NR NR NR

Pheromones used for pest control 1,000 acres 36 34 NR 1 NR NR 2

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 269 223 9 21 2 8 7

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 183 153 5 15 NR 6 4

Requirements of processor

or a sales contract 1,000 acres 16 14 NR 1 NR NR 1

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 304 273 6 11 NR 5 9

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 160 123 2 21 1 8 5

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 306 279 2 4 1 NR 19

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 120 116 1 1 NR NR 3

Media or demonstration events 1,000 acres 11 9 NR NR NR NR 1

Other information sources 1,000 acres 123 101 5 6 2 3 6

Area using an organic production system 1,000 acres 22 22 NR NR NR NR MR

Table E2h\--Peach pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL CA GA MI NJ NY PA SC WA

Planted area 1,000 acres 144 73 21 6 11 2 7 23 3

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 102 63 14 5 9 1 6 3 2

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 27 4 14 2 3 1 2 1 1

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 53 45 NR 2 2 NR 4 NR 1

A professional service 1,000 acres 21 15 NR 1 4 NR NR NR 0

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 12 4 2 1 3 NR 1 1 0

Pheromone traps to monitor pests 1,000 acres 47 37 2 2 4 NR 1 NR 1

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 63 36 12 1 2 NR 2 9 1

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 59 40 3 4 5 1 4 NR 2

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 1 1 NR NR NR NR NR NR 0

Pheromones used for pest control 1,000 acres 30 21 2 1 3 NR NR 3 0

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 96 54 10 5 8 1 6 9 2

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 13 4 NR NR 2 NR 1 5 0

Requirements of processor

or a sales contract 1,000 acres NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 4 4 NR NR NR NR NR NR 0

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 32 3 13 1 5 1 2 7 0

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 47 27 3 1 2 NR 1 11 1

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 44 34 NR 2 4 NR 3 NR 0

Media or demonstration events 1,000 acres 6 4 1 NR NR NR NR 1 0

Other information sources 1,000 acres 9 4 1 NR NR NR NR 4 1

Area using an organic production system 1,000 acres 1 1 NR NR NR NR NR
NR 0

Table E2i\--Lettuce pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL AZ CA

Planted area 1,000 acres 181 52 128

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 181 52 128

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 7 NR 7

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 66 42 24

A professional service 1,000 acres 108 10 97

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 29 NR 29

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 20 NR 20

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 54 7 47

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 2 NR 2

Adjustments of planting dates

for pest management purposes 1,000 acres 42 NR 42

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 157 52 105

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 40 35 6

Requirements of processor

or a sales contract 1,000 acres 43 35 8

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 140 17 123

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 3 NR 3

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 40 35 6

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 137 17 120

Area using an organic production system 1,000 acres NR NR 0

Table E2j\--Tomato pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL CA FL GA MI NJ NY NC TX

Planted area 1,000 acres 104 37 48 4 3 5 3 2 3

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 96 32 47 4 3 4 3 2 3

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 39 6 22 1 2 3 2 2 2

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 15 14 1 NR NR NR NR NR 0

A professional service 1,000 acres 39 10 25 3 NR NR NR NR 1

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 32 12 21 NR NR NR NR
NR 0

Pheromone traps to monitor pests 1,000 acres 16 2 10 3 NR NR NR NR NR

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 39 11 22 NR 1 1 1 1 2

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 66 24 34 3 1 2 1 NR
1

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 3 NR 3 NR NR NR NR NR 0

Adjustments of planting dates

for pest management purposes 1,000 acres 11 4 5 NR NR NR NR 1 1

Pheromones used for pest control 1,000 acres 21 5 14 1 NR NR NR NR NR

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 76 24 41 3 2 3 2 NR 1

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 26 6 15 NR 1 1 1 1 1

Requirements of processor

or a sales contract 1,000 acres 6 5 NR NR NR NR NR NR 0

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 73 29 32 4 2 3 1 1 2

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 15 2 6 1 1 3 2 NR 0

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 38 15 19 NR 1 1 NR NR 2

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 45 17 23 3 NR NR NR NR 1

Media or demonstration events 1,000 acres 1 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 0

Other information sources 1,000 acres 2 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 1

Area using an organic production system 1,000 acres NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
NR 0

Table E2k\--Strawberry pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL CA FL MI NJ NY NC OR WA WI

Planted area 1,000 acres 46 23 6 2 1 3 2 6 1 1

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 45 23 6 2 NR 2 2 6 1 1

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 27 10 5 2 NR 2 2 3 1 1

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 5 4 NR NR NR NR NR 1 NR NR

A professional service 1,000 acres 12 10 NR NR NR NR NR 1 NR 0

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 9 4 1 NR NR NR NR 2
NR 0

Pheromone traps to monitor pests 1,000 acres 2 1 NR NR NR NR NR 1 NR NR

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 17 7 2 1 NR 1 1 3 1 1

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 27 16 3 1 NR 1 NR 4
1 1

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 16 15 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 0

Adjustments of planting dates

for pest management purposes 1,000 acres 7 6 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 0

Pheromones used for pest control 1,000 acres NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
NR

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 33 18 5 1 NR 1 1 5 1 1

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 9 3 2 1 NR 1 NR 1 1 1

Requirements of processor

or a sales contract 1,000 acres 6 4 NR NR NR NR NR 1 NR 0

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 34 21 4 1 NR 1 1 5 1 0

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 8 1 1 1 NR 2 2 1 NR 1

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 19 10 3 NR NR NR NR 4 1 0

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 16 13 1 NR NR NR NR 1 NR 0

Media or demonstration events 1,000 acres 1 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 0

Other information sources 1,000 acres 3 NR 1 NR NR NR NR 1 NR 0

Area using an organic production system 1,000 acres NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
NR NR NR

Table E2l\--Oranges pest management practices, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL CA FL

Planted area 1,000 acres 671 182 489

Area scouted for pests 1,000 acres 602 165 438

Area scouted for pest by:

Operator or employee 1,000 acres 327 43 284

Chemical dealer 1,000 acres 162 61 102

A professional service 1,000 acres 79 61 18

Area with:

Soil and plant tissue testing for pests 1,000 acres 173 21 152

Pheromone traps to monitor pests 1,000 acres 107 105 2

Resistant varieties or rootstock 1,000 acres 85 38 48

Practices to protect beneficial insects 1,000 acres 407 105 302

Purchased or released

beneficial insects 1,000 acres 53 46 6

Pheromones used for pest control 1,000 acres 20 20 NR

Alternating pesticides to reduce occurrence

of pesticide resistant species 1,000 acres 409 108 301

Decision strategies for pesticide applications:

Preventive or routine

schedule 1,000 acres 108 57 51

Requirements of processor

or a sales contract 1,000 acres 3 NR 3

Use of pest thresholds 1,000 acres 459 109 350

Information Sources used for pest management:

Extension Service 1,000 acres 119 24 94

Chemical dealers 1,000 acres 359 64 295

Professional scouting services 1,000 acres 133 83 51

Media or demonstration events 1,000 acres 31 3 28

Other information sources 1,000 acres 28 7 21

Area using an organic production system 1,000 acres 1 1 NR

Table E3a\--Wheat pesticide use statistics, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL CO ID IL KS MN MO MT NE ND

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 52,965 2,700 770 1,390 11,000 2,250 1,230 5,320
2,100 11,250

Pesticide Use

Land receiving any pesticides (1,000 ac.) 37,485 1,416 689 384 6,746
2,250 71 4,925 1,106 10,649

Amount of pesticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 16,307 496 458 20 1,195 1,533
14 2,681 235 6,155

Amount of pesticide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.44 0.35 0.66 0.05 0.18 0.68
0.19 0.54 0.21 0.58

Ave. number of treatments No. 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3

Ave. number of ingredients No. 2.2 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.7 3.3 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.3

Average No. acre‑treatments (Ac‑trt) 2.2 2.0 3.2 2.0 1.7 3.4 2.0 2.3 1.7
2.4

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (1,000 ac.) 36,814 1,383 689 366 6,690 2,250
71 4,925 1,106 10,649

Amount of herbicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 15,222 422 446 16 1,094 1,411
14 2,681 235 5,978

Amount of herbicide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.41 0.30 0.65 0.04 0.16 0.65
0.19 0.54 0.21 0.56

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.2 2.0 3.1 2.0 1.7 3.2 2.0 2.3 1.7 2.4

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (1,000 ac.) 1,947 165 NR NR 112 71 NR 44 NR
NR

Amount of insecticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 697 74 NR NR 94 18 NR 1 NR NR

Amount of insecticide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.36 0.45 NR NR 0.84 0.25 NR
0.02 NR NR

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.1 1.0 NR NR 1.5 1.0 NR 1.7 NR NR

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (1,000 ac.) 942 NR 27 37 56 286 NR NR NR 288

Amount of fungicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 388 NR 11 4 6 104 NR NR NR 176

Amount of fungicide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.41 NR 0.42 0.11 0.11 0.37 NR NR
NR 0.61

Ave. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.2 NR 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 NR NR NR 1.0

Time of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 3,509 99 45 37 392 71 18 578 68 1,344

At planting (1,000 ac.) 451 NR NR NR 196 NR NR 15 NR 79

After planting (1,000 ac.) 34,912 1,284 672 329 6,130 2,250 53 4,800
1,061 10,335

Unreported time (1,000 ac.) 201 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 79

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 1,279 99 18 37 364 NR 18 124 45 155

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 421 NR NR NR 196 NR NR NR NR 79

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 32,652 1,284 645 329 6,102 2,179 53
4,332 1,039 9,146

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 2,230 NR 27 NR 28 71 NR 454 23
1,189

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 30 NR NR NR NR NR NR 15 NR NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 2,223 66 33 9 85 54 4 536 17 1,003

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 154 NR NR NR 39 NR NR 3 NR 78

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 12,774 355 414 8 970 1,357 9 2,141 218 4,874

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

At planting (1,000 ac.) 32 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

After planting (1,000 ac.) 1,915 165 NR NR 112 71 NR 44 NR NR

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 32 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 1,915 165 NR NR 112 71 NR 44 NR NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 13 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 684 74 NR NR 94 18 NR 1 NR NR

Methods of pesticide application:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 27,646 790 466 293 5,738 2,107 53 3,431
790 8,926

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 7,896 395 197 NR 728 214 NR 1,403 203 1,802

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 91 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 76

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 2,061 198 63 73 224 71 18 120 90 313

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) 252 NR NR NR NR NR NR 110 23 102

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 11,057 233 272 15 863 1,221 5 1,825 174
4,819

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 3,128 169 125 NR 219 130 NR 666 35 786

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 41 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 41

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 609 19 49 2 12 59 9 63 15 105

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) 341 NR NR NR NR NR NR 127 11 203

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 805 66 NR NR NR 36 NR NR NR NR

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 1,034 66 NR NR 112 36 NR 44 NR NR

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 130 33 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 234 25 NR NR NR 9 NR NR NR NR

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 417 33 NR NR 94 9 NR 1 NR NR

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 46 16 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Pesticide applicators:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 20,075 527 403 110 1,791 1,786
36 3,365 294 8,666

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 1,538 66 NR NR 168 36 NR 662
23 387

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 17,426 856 304 256 4,870 643 36 1,575 813
2,296

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 19,216 527 385 110 1,791 1,607 36 3,350 294
8,274

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 16,567 856 287 256 4,870 464 36 1,560 813 1,903

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 859 NR 18 NR NR 179 NR 15 NR 392

Farmer applied,Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 9,391 95 265 2 361 925 4 1,600 81
4,683

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 714 42 NR NR 21 30 NR 402 NR 184

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 5,072 284 181 14 711 455 9 679 154 1,088

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 362 66 NR NR 28 NR NR NR NR NR

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 41 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 1,606 99 NR NR 84 71 NR 44 NR NR

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 341 66 NR NR 28 NR NR NR NR NR

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 1,585 99 NR NR 84 71 NR 44 NR NR

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 21 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Farmer applied, Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 103 33 NR NR 7 NR NR NR NR NR

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 12 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 582 41 NR NR 87 18 NR 1 NR NR

(CONTINUED)

Table E3a\--Wheat pesticide use statistics, 1995, by state\--continued

Data items Units OH OK OR SD TX WA

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 1,210 5,200 825 2,770 2,800 2,150

Pesticide Use

Land receiving any pesticides (1,000 ac.) 232 2,879 807 2,168 1,164
1,999

Amount of pesticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 54 538 540 844 477 1,067

Amount of pesticide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.23 0.19 0.67 0.39 0.41 0.53

Ave. number of treatments No. 1.0 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.4

Ave. number of ingredients No. 1.1 1.7 3.1 2.2 1.7 2.4

Average No. acre‑treatments (Ac‑trt) 1.1 1.7 3.3 2.3 1.7 2.5

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (1,000 ac.) 199 2,621 807 2,168 891 1,999

Amount of herbicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 51 277 513 798 218 1,067

Amount of herbicide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.25 0.11 0.64 0.37 0.25 0.53

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.2 1.5 3.2 2.3 1.4 2.5

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (1,000 ac.) NR 892 9 NR 655 NR

Amount of insecticide applied (1,000 lbs.) NR 255 2 NR 253 NR

Amount of insecticide applied (lbs./ac.) NR 0.29 0.25 NR 0.39 NR

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) NR 1.0 1.0 NR 1.0 NR

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (1,000 ac.) 33 11 79 53 73 NR

Amount of fungicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 4 5 25 46 6 NR

Amount of fungicide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.12 0.51 0.31 0.86 0.08 NR

Ave. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.0 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.0 NR

Time of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) NR 161 114 213 127 242

At planting (1,000 ac.) NR 64 NR NR 36 61

After planting (1,000 ac.) 149 2,396 764 2,114 727 1,847

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) NR 161 44 27 127 61

At planting only (1,000 ac.) NR 64 NR NR 36 45

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 149 2,396 693 1,928 727 1,650

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) NR NR 70 187 NR 182

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) NR NR NR NR NR 15

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) NR 20 26 128 38 205

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) NR 6 NR NR NR 26

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 35 251 487 653 179 822

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

At planting (1,000 ac.) NR 32 NR NR NR NR

After planting (1,000 ac.) NR 860 9 NR 655 NR

At planting only (1,000 ac.) NR 32 NR NR NR NR

After planting only (1,000 ac.) NR 860 9 NR 655 NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) NR 13 NR NR NR NR

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) NR 242 2 NR 253 NR

Methods of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 149 1,912 316 1,262 564 848

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) NR 258 527 879 291 999

In furrow (1,000 ac.) NR NR NR NR NR 15

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) NR 451 61 133 18 227

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) NR NR NR NR 18 NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 35 173 244 550 113 516

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) NR 53 222 212 84 426

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) NR 52 47 36 21 120

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) NR 494 9 NR 200 NR

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) NR 322 NR NR 455 NR

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) NR 97 NR NR NR NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) NR 134 2 NR 64 NR

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) NR 92 NR NR 189 NR

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) NR 30 NR NR NR NR

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR

Pesticide applicators:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 17 537 325 987 309 924

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) NR 64 9 90 18 15

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 133 2,084 570 1,287 582 1,120

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 17 537 237 880 309 863

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 133 2,084 483 1,181 582 1,060

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) NR NR 88 107 NR 61

Farmer applied,Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 4 81 247 402 92 547

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) NR 10 NR 11 NR 13

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 31 187 266 385 126 502

[Insecticides]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) NR 150 9 NR 109 NR

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) NR 32 9 NR NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) NR 763 NR NR 545 NR

Operator only (1,000 ac.) NR 129 9 NR 109 NR

Custom only (1,000 ac.) NR 741 NR NR 545 NR

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) NR 21 NR NR NR NR

Farmer applied, Cert. (1,000 lbs.) NR 28 NR NR 35 NR

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) NR 10 2 NR NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) NR 217 NR NR 218 NR

Table E3b\--Soybean pesticide use statistics, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL AR GA IL IN IA KY LA MN MS

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 51,840 3,450 320 9,750 5,000 9,300 1,170 1,070
5,900 1,850

Pesticide Use

Land receiving any pesticides (1,000 ac.) 50,512 3,146 287 9,561 4,929
9,300 1,148 1,005 5,840 1,840

Amount of pesticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 56,870 3,564 314 10,181 6,048
8,936 1,374 1,616 5,471 2,627

Amount of pesticide applied (lbs./ac.) 1.13 1.13 1.10 1.06 1.23 0.96
1.20 1.61 0.94 1.43

Ave. number of treatments No. 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 1.8 2.4

Ave. number of ingredients No. 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.6 3.1 2.7 3.0 3.2 2.6 3.5

Average No. acre‑treatments (Ac‑trt) 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.8 3.2 2.8 3.2 3.4 2.6
3.8

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (1,000 ac.) 50,505 3,146 279 9,561 4,929 9,300
1,148 1,005 5,840 1,840

Amount of herbicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 56,438 3,564 245 10,181 6,028
8,936 1,374 1,381 5,471 2,586

Amount of herbicide applied (lbs./ac.) 1.12 1.13 0.88 1.06 1.22 0.96
1.20 1.37 0.94 1.41

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.8 2.6 1.7 2.8 3.2 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.6 3.7

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (1,000 ac.) 930 NR 110 NR 35 NR NR 398 NR 72

Amount of insecticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 418 NR 69 NR 18 NR NR 232 NR
32

Amount of insecticide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.49 NR 0.63 NR 0.50 NR NR 0.58
NR 0.44

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.1 NR 1.4 NR 1.0 NR NR 1.2 NR 1.0

Time of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 30,722 1,849 107 6,579 3,014 6,007 548 300
3,733 1,540

At planting (1,000 ac.) 4,620 524 45 379 355 267 304 300 301 434

After planting (1,000 ac.) 37,768 1,877 148 7,478 3,511 7,832 889 809
5,238 1,406

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 10,073 994 93 1,751 1,135 1,335 148 39
542 258

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 2,061 248 33 237 213 44 111 124 60 72

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 16,148 856 131 2,698 1,631 3,115 296 444
1,866 155

Before and at planting (1,000 ac.) 603 28 5 95 71 89 NR 33 NR 103

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 19,664 773 10 4,733 1,809 4,583
400 222 3,131 992

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 1,574 193 7 47 71 133 193 137 181 72

Before, at & after (1,000 ac.) 382 55 NR NR NR NR NR 7 60 186

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 35,621 2,126 114 7,687 3,950 6,444 609 443
3,744 1,506

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 5,017 435 43 236 518 192 234 391 340 371

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 15,787 1,003 88 2,258 1,559 2,301 531 547
1,388 709

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 69 NR 2 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

At planting (1,000 ac.) 7 NR NR NR NR NR NR 7 NR NR

After planting (1,000 ac.) 855 NR 107 NR 35 NR NR 391 NR 72

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 69 NR 2 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 7 NR NR NR NR NR NR 7 NR NR

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 855 NR 107 NR 35 NR NR 391 NR 72

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 13 NR 2 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 2 NR NR NR NR NR NR 2 NR NR

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 403 NR 68 NR 18 NR NR 230 NR 32

Methods of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 45,962 2,594 186 9,371 4,291 8,544 896 842
5,298 1,736

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 1,089 386 NR NR NR NR NR 130 241 227

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 371 NR 7 47 NR 44 7 NR NR 31

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 4,353 331 48 331 248 1,602 NR 209 662 207

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 3,299 221 50 189 603 623 326 39 482 52

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 50,243 3,055 181 9,886 5,458 7,885 1,033
1,055 4,766 2,289

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 543 173 NR NR NR NR NR 52 173 89

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 500 NR 7 75 NR 40 3 NR NR 28

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 2,216 190 43 103 115 398 NR 223 245 168

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 2,900 147 14 117 425 614 339 51 287 12

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 344 NR 36 NR NR NR NR 98 NR NR

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 371 NR 19 NR NR NR NR 248 NR 52

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) 37 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 39 NR 19 NR NR NR NR 20 NR NR

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 140 NR 36 NR 35 NR NR 33 NR 21

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 133 NR 18 NR NR NR NR 84 NR NR

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 166 NR 2 NR NR NR NR 132 NR 23

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) 19 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 16 NR 7 NR NR NR NR 9 NR NR

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 84 NR 43 NR 18 NR NR 8 NR 9

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Pesticide applicators:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 32,826 2,318 270 4,828 3,050
5,918 770 887 4,636 1,695

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 845 55 33 284 106 178 NR 26 NR
21

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 21,757 966 17 5,490 2,340 4,183 444 215 2,167
403

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 28,711 2,180 263 4,070 2,589 5,117 703 789
3,672 1,437

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 17,642 828 10 4,733 1,879 3,382 378 117 1,204
145

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 4,115 138 7 757 461 801 67 98 963 258

Farmer applied,Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 34,792 2,482 202 4,612 3,809 4,986 863
1,083 3,691 2,206

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 614 35 24 242 44 51 NR 20 NR 6

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 20,993 1,048 19 5,326 2,174 3,899 511 279
1,780 375

[Insecticides]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 470 NR 69 NR NR NR NR 150 NR
21

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 7 NR NR NR NR NR NR 7 NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 460 NR 41 NR 35 NR NR 248 NR 52

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 470 NR 69 NR NR NR NR 150 NR 21

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 460 NR 41 NR 35 NR NR 248 NR 52

Farmer applied, Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 200 NR 54 NR NR NR NR 97 NR 9

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 3 NR NR NR NR NR NR 3 NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 214 NR 16 NR 18 NR NR 132 NR 23

(CONTINUED)

Table E3b\--Soybeans pesticide use statistics, 1995, by
state\--continued

Data items Units MO NE NC OH TN

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 4,600 3,100 1,150 4,050 1,130

Pesticide Use

Land receiving any pesticides (1,000 ac.) 4,340 2,988 1,045 3,954 1,130

Amount of pesticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 4,922 3,029 1,245 5,939 1,602

Amount of pesticide applied (lbs./ac.) 1.13 1.01 1.19 1.50 1.42

Ave. number of treatments No. 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.9

Ave. number of ingredients No. 2.6 2.7 2.5 3.1 3.0

Average No. acre‑treatments (Ac‑trt) 2.6 2.8 2.5 3.1 3.1

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (1,000 ac.) 4,340 2,988 1,045 3,954 1,130

Amount of herbicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 4,922 3,001 1,228 5,923 1,597

Amount of herbicide applied (lbs./ac.) 1.13 1.00 1.17 1.50 1.41

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.6 2.7 2.4 3.1 3.1

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (1,000 ac.) 74 75 112 32 22

Amount of insecticide applied (1,000 lbs.) NR 28 17 16 5

Amount of insecticide applied (lbs./ac.) NR 0.38 0.15 0.50 0.25

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Time of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 2,448 1,606 470 1,864 655

At planting (1,000 ac.) 334 598 224 289 266

After planting (1,000 ac.) 2,485 1,942 515 2,796 842

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 1,558 710 358 964 187

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 223 299 149 161 86

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 1,632 859 381 1,832 252

Before and at planting (1,000 ac.) 74 37 22 32 14

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 816 822 82 868 425

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 37 224 45 96 137

Before, at & after (1,000 ac.) NR 37 7 NR 29

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 3,110 1,828 550 2,803 707

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 380 717 272 517 371

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 1,433 456 405 2,603 505

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 37 NR 15 NR 14

At planting (1,000 ac.) NR NR NR NR NR

After planting (1,000 ac.) 37 75 97 32 7

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 37 NR 15 NR 14

At planting only (1,000 ac.) NR NR NR NR NR

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 37 75 97 32 7

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) NR NR 7 NR 4

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) NR 28 10 16 2

Methods of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 3,895 2,652 859 3,696 1,101

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 37 37 15 NR 14

In furrow (1,000 ac.) NR 149 45 32 7

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 185 373 52 96 7

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 297 37 127 225 29

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 4,161 2,522 967 5,478 1,510

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 10 34 11 NR 2

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) NR 242 76 27 2

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 360 201 45 115 11

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 393 2 129 304 65

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 74 NR 82 32 22

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) NR 37 15 NR NR

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) NR 37 NR NR NR

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) NR NR NR NR NR

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) NR NR 15 NR NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) NR NR 9 16 5

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) NR 9 NR NR NR

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR 19 NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) NR NR 7 NR NR

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

Pesticide applicators:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 2,115 2,054 963 2,314 1,008

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 37 NR 7 96 NR

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 2,263 1,158 112 1,832 166

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 2,077 1,793 933 2,121 964

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 2,226 896 82 1,639 122

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 37 261 30 193 43

Farmer applied,Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 2,602 2,324 1,053 3,512 1,366

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 41 NR 3 149 NR

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 2,279 637 173 2,263 230

[Insecticides]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 74 37 97 NR 22

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) NR NR NR NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) NR 37 15 32 NR

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 74 37 97 NR 22

Custom only (1,000 ac.) NR 37 15 32 NR

Farmer applied, Cert. (1,000 lbs.) NR 19 17 NR 5

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) NR 9 NR 16 NR

Table E3c\--Cotton pesticide use statistics, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL AZ AR CA LA MS TX

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 11,650 365 1,170 1,170 1,085 1,460 6,400

Pesticide Use

Land receiving any pesticides (1,000 ac.) 11,553 365 1,160 1,163 1,085
1,433 6,347

Amount of pesticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 60,031 3,962 6,716 11,435 6,613
14,246 17,058

Amount of pesticide applied (lbs./ac.) 5.20 10.86 5.79 9.83 6.10 9.94
2.69

Ave. number of treatments No. 8.1 10.0 10.8 7.2 15.2 15.3 4.7

Ave. number of ingredients No. 6.8 9.5 8.3 8.0 8.4 14.6 4.1

Average No. acre‑treatments (Ac‑trt) 10.7 16.5 13.0 9.7 17.1 25.8 5.6

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (1,000 ac.) 11,295 365 1,150 1,027 1,062 1,433
6,258

Amount of herbicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 22,821 476 4,214 1,881 2,522
6,314 7,413

Amount of herbicide applied (lbs./ac.) 2.03 1.53 3.66 1.83 2.38 4.41
1.18

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 3.1 1.9 5.7 2.0 4.3 7.4 1.8

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (1,000 ac.) 8,767 355 983 1,127 1,062 1,360
3,880

Amount of insecticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 20,606 1,707 1,523 2,835
3,151 5,662 5,727

Amount of insecticide applied (lbs./ac.) 2.35 4.81 1.55 2.52 2.97 4.16
1.48

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 7.9 12.0 7.0 5.1 11.3 15.2 5.0

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (1,000 ac.) 978 10 236 21 187 435 89

Amount of fungicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 763 10 204 16 80 379 73

Amount of fungicide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.78 1.04 0.87 0.73 0.43 0.87
0.82

Ave. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.9 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.7

[Other Pesticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving other pest. (1,000 ac.) 6,496 345 629 1,120 758 1,324
2,319

Amount of other pesticides applied (1,000 lbs.) 15,842 1,769 775 6,703
859 1,890 3,845

Amount of other pesticides applied (lbs./ac.) 2.44 5.27 1.23 5.98 1.13
1.43 1.66

Ave. other pest acre‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.7 3.2 2.1 3.2 2.3 3.7 2.1

Time of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 8,751 306 875 763 408 1,188 5,211

At planting (1,000 ac.) 5,641 25 718 114 595 1,279 2,911

After planting (1,000 ac.) 4,946 94 1,052 464 828 1,233 1,275

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 3,573 266 88 457 105 NR 2,657

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 749 NR NR 36 82 NR 632

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 755 39 79 214 268 18 137

Before and at planting (1,000 ac.) 2,012 5 10 57 47 200 1,694

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 1,311 35 265 228 93 136 553

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 1,025 20 197 NR 303 227 279

Before, at & after (1,000 ac.) 1,855 NR 511 21 163 852 306

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 8,105 291 882 1,038 372 1,374 4,148

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 4,933 39 733 106 496 1,446 2,114

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 9,734 147 2,570 717 1,654 3,495 1,151

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 140 25 20 21 23 9 42

At planting (1,000 ac.) 2,492 10 383 214 175 735 976

After planting (1,000 ac.) 8,298 345 964 1,084 1,062 1,360 3,483

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 17 10 NR 7 NR NR NR

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 445 NR 20 29 NR NR 397

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 6,140 321 580 885 875 617 2,863

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 111 15 20 14 12 9 42

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 2,036 10 364 185 163 735 579

Before, at & after (1,000 ac.) 12 NR NR NR 12 NR NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 103 30 12 19 15 27 1

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 1,731 7 261 147 115 567 634

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 18,766 1,670 1,250 2,664 3,022 5,068 5,092

Methods of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 8,542 163 875 614 408 1,152 5,331

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 1,342 148 59 314 198 290 333

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 542 NR 39 21 105 236 140

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) 40 NR NR NR NR NR 40

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 5,523 20 875 150 770 1,061 2,648

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 2,297 64 600 257 280 988 108

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) 303 10 20 29 NR 18 227

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 9,842 161 1,515 888 541 2,002 4,735

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 1,072 203 29 230 90 254 265

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 637 NR 100 32 157 259 90

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) 142 NR NR NR NR NR 142

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 6,448 38 1,329 241 1,276 1,720 1,844

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 4,319 68 1,200 432 459 2,067 93

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) 302 6 9 33 NR 12 242

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 3,645 104 324 478 327 961 1,451

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 5,560 321 678 778 782 871 2,131

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 1,967 NR 334 50 187 626 771

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) 41 NR NR 14 NR NR 26

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 1,692 NR 108 93 280 426 785

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 943 25 79 371 35 209 225

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) 140 NR NR 93 NR NR 47

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 5,655 142 181 413 909 2,326 1,685

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 11,089 1,551 912 1,709 1,783 2,408 2,727

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 1,371 NR 236 66 154 500 416

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) 23 NR NR 7 NR NR 16

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 1,433 NR 118 104 251 285 675

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 949 15 73 485 54 143 179

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) 75 NR NR 45 NR NR 30

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Pesticide applicators:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 10,277 197 1,150 713 1,038
1,433 5,745

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 372 20 NR 178 47 NR 127

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 2,378 187 147 471 117 272 1,184

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 8,902 178 1,003 542 945 1,161 5,074

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 1,003 168 NR 300 23 NR 513

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 1,375 20 147 171 93 272 671

Farmer applied,Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 19,726 165 4,085 888 2,336 6,003 6,248

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 513 51 NR 269 91 NR 101

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 2,563 260 129 704 95 311 1,064

[Insecticides]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 5,909 104 610 592 712 1,270
2,622

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 292 NR 39 86 93 NR 74

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 5,605 321 669 849 653 834 2,280

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 3,155 35 315 271 408 526 1,600

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 2,852 252 374 528 350 91 1,258

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 2,754 69 295 321 303 744 1,022

Farmer applied, Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 8,442 134 631 671 1,177 3,254 2,575

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 590 NR 9 61 455 NR 65

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 11,569 1,574 884 2,098 1,519 2,408 3,087

Table E3d\--Corn pesticide use statistics, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL DE GA IL IN IA KS KY MI MN

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 64,105 145 400 10,200 5,400 11,700 2,150 1,280
2,450 6,700

Pesticide Use

Land receiving any pesticides (1,000 ac.) 62,696 145 358 10,085 5,213
11,663 2,089 1,230 2,450 6,544

Amount of pesticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 180,987 462 800 32,459 17,610
35,988 5,046 3,444 7,214 16,076

Amount of pesticide applied (lbs./ac.) 2.89 3.19 2.23 3.22 3.38 3.09
2.42 2.80 2.94 2.46

Ave. number of treatments No. 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.7

Ave. number of ingredients No. 2.7 2.7 1.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5

Average No. acre‑treatments (Ac‑trt) 2.8 3.0 1.7 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.6
2.5

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (1,000 ac.) 62,061 141 355 10,047 5,213 11,644
1,968 1,206 2,450 6,544

Amount of herbicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 167,751 436 712 30,575 16,848
33,162 4,404 3,387 6,844 15,675

Amount of herbicide applied (lbs./ac.) 2.70 3.09 2.01 3.04 3.23 2.85
2.24 2.81 2.79 2.40

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (1,000 ac.) 17,604 63 77 2,838 1,124 3,231
848 182 438 428

Amount of insecticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 13,219 26 88 1,884 759 2,821
642 56 370 400

Amount of insecticide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.75 0.42 1.15 0.66 0.69 0.88
0.76 0.31 0.85 0.93

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.1
1.0

Time of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 27,333 44 70 6,672 2,466 7,150 696 578 438
2,727

At planting (1,000 ac.) 10,535 40 31 729 1,061 1,059 363 314 438 662

After planting (1,000 ac.) 41,279 61 271 5,944 2,591 8,914 1,120 512
1,896 5,804

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 13,422 34 59 3,605 1,779 2,284 606 396
204 584

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 6,530 29 24 460 780 353 212 281 321 78

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 25,034 59 254 2,723 1,779 3,584 939 330
1,546 3,272

Before and at planting (1,000 ac.) 728 10 NR 38 62 93 30 17 NR 78

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 12,968 NR 10 2,991 593 4,717 61
165 233 2,026

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 3,061 2 7 192 187 557 121 17 117 467

Before, at & after (1,000 ac.) 215 NR NR 38 31 56 NR NR NR 39

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 73,422 108 202 18,709 7,141 18,412 1,901
1,727 1,131 7,420

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 22,686 122 57 1,688 3,471 2,094 664 722 1,223
911

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 71,210 178 453 10,179 6,236 12,647 1,840 939
4,375 7,344

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 988 NR NR 498 NR NR 30 99 29 NR

At planting (1,000 ac.) 11,399 29 59 1,841 905 2,786 182 66 379 351

After planting (1,000 ac.) 5,915 40 17 537 218 501 727 17 58 78

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 920 NR NR 498 NR NR NR 99 29 NR

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 10,703 23 59 1,802 905 2,730 121 66 350 351

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 5,152 34 17 498 218 446 636 17 29 78

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 68 NR NR NR NR NR 30 NR NR NR

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 696 6 NR 38 NR 56 61 NR 29 NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 392 NR NR 160 NR NR 34 26 13 NR

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 9,422 22 77 1,465 641 2,529 209 29 306 358

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 3,399 5 11 259 118 293 399 2 51 43

Methods of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 53,560 103 303 9,702 4,713 10,976 1,544
991 2,217 5,999

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 1,163 2 17 38 62 167 91 17 NR 156

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 785 8 3 NR 31 74 121 17 NR NR

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 7,546 NR 42 498 156 1,226 333 8 146 818

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 4,179 34 14 192 406 371 182 231 175 467

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) 372 NR NR NR 94 74 NR 17 29 39

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 143,870 322 607 29,647 15,275 30,419 3,136
2,757 6,282 13,750

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 1,473 3 26 10 61 222 117 24 NR 162

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 1,481 18 3 NR 47 131 191 63 NR NR

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 10,916 NR 58 528 345 1,518 600 13 153 928

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 8,490 83 17 390 897 574 360 530 225 623

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) 1,007 NR NR NR 223 226 NR 1 71 212

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 3,072 36 3 920 250 130 212 91 117 39

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 2,811 NR 14 115 31 204 303 NR NR 39

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 5,091 10 52 153 375 1,541 91 33 146 156

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) 423 NR NR NR NR NR 61 NR NR NR

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 6,767 6 7 1,687 468 1,393 151 33 175 195

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 402 21 NR 38 NR 19 182 25 29 NR

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) 127 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 1,523 11 1 416 83 81 141 18 59 4

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 1,478 NR 10 31 3 96 195 NR NR 39

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 4,394 8 75 143 315 1,456 80 10 188 157

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) 236 NR NR NR NR NR 7 NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 5,323 6 2 1,256 357 1,187 170 26 121 201

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 163 1 NR 38 NR 1 49 2 2 NR

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) 62 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Pesticide applicators:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 40,493 116 303 5,215 3,153
7,354 1,181 875 1,779 4,908

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 1,217 23 NR 268 31 186 NR 41
29 234

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 27,585 25 52 5,752 2,216 6,481 908 347 729
2,844

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 34,385 116 303 4,295 2,997 5,163 1,060 859
1,692 3,701

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 21,477 25 52 4,832 2,060 4,290 787 330 642 1,636

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 6,109 NR NR 920 156 2,191 121 17 88
1,208

Farmer applied,Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 92,502 266 631 14,614 9,330 15,651
2,711 2,184 4,609 8,813

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 2,341 62 NR 506 135 486 NR 111 53
263

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 72,433 98 81 15,455 7,383 17,016 1,693 1,093
2,167 6,600

[Insecticides]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 13,798 44 63 2,186 1,030 2,860
454 140 379 390

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 402 13 NR 153 62 56 NR NR NR
NR

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 4,668 25 14 729 94 427 454 41 58 39

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 12,847 38 63 2,109 1,030 2,804 394 140 379 390

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 3,717 19 14 652 94 371 394 41 58 39

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 951 6 NR 77 NR 56 61 NR NR NR

Farmer applied, Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 10,372 22 78 1,410 742 2,454 340 52
336 361

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 208 1 NR 48 6 60 NR NR NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 2,579 4 10 426 10 307 302 4 34 39

(CONTINUED)

Table E3d\--Corn pesticide use statistics, 1995, by state\--continued

Data items Units MO NE NC OH PA SD TX WI

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 1,650 8,000 800 3,300 1,380 2,800 2,100 3,650

Pesticide Use

Land receiving any pesticides (1,000 ac.) 1,567 7,833 794 3,275 1,279
2,585 2,043 3,543

Amount of pesticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 4,684 22,055 1,978 10,719 4,492
4,986 3,683 9,292

Amount of pesticide applied (lbs./ac.) 2.99 2.82 2.49 3.27 3.51 1.93
1.80 2.62

Ave. number of treatments No. 1.4 2.1 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.7

Ave. number of ingredients No. 2.6 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.1 2.3 2.4 2.5

Average No. acre‑treatments (Ac‑trt) 2.6 3.2 3.4 2.9 3.1 2.3 2.5 2.6

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (1,000 ac.) 1,553 7,646 788 3,226 1,279 2,585
1,901 3,516

Amount of herbicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 4,442 18,946 1,692 10,295 4,196
4,833 2,840 8,463

Amount of herbicide applied (lbs./ac.) 2.86 2.48 2.15 3.19 3.28 1.87
1.49 2.41

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.3 2.5 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.2 1.8 2.3

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (1,000 ac.) 499 4,351 230 571 404 188 1,220
913

Amount of insecticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 242 3,104 286 419 295 153 843
830

Amount of insecticide applied (lbs./ac.) 0.48 0.71 1.24 0.73 0.73 0.81
0.69 0.94

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0

Time of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 1,040 1,986 127 918 151 969 738 564

At planting (1,000 ac.) 222 3,640 164 670 118 350 568 107

After planting (1,000 ac.) 485 3,481 618 2,332 1,128 2,181 908 3,033

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 874 1,344 61 422 67 242 511 349

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 166 2,551 103 422 84 162 397 107

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 291 2,291 509 1,638 1,027 1,265 709
2,818

Before and at planting (1,000 ac.) 14 270 6 25 NR NR 85 NR

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 153 371 55 471 67 727 114 215

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 42 819 48 223 17 188 57 NR

Before, at & after (1,000 ac.) NR NR 6 NR 17 NR 28 NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 3,195 4,837 211 2,718 334 2,453 1,052 1,871

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 428 6,846 346 1,830 374 525 1,077 309

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 775 7,263 1,135 5,686 3,488 1,768 712 6,192

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 222 75 6 NR NR NR 28 NR

At planting (1,000 ac.) 139 2,301 176 347 269 108 738 725

After planting (1,000 ac.) 125 2,461 48 223 168 54 454 188

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 222 37 6 NR NR NR 28 NR

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 139 1,853 176 323 236 108 738 725

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 125 1,976 48 198 135 54 454 188

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) NR 37 NR NR NR NR NR NR

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) NR 448 NR 25 34 NR NR NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 60 63 7 NR NR NR 30 NR

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 147 1,535 221 321 186 113 534 731

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 34 1,507 58 97 109 38 279 99

Methods of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 1,359 5,102 630 2,853 841 2,019 1,362
2,845

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 55 112 273 NR 34 27 85 27

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 14 195 30 50 50 54 57 81

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 125 2,917 91 223 17 269 596 81

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 69 279 97 248 387 512 85 429

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) NR NR 12 25 NR 27 28 27

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 3,879 13,080 1,217 8,622 2,430 3,574 1,790
7,082

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 42 142 81 NR 265 113 87 117

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 42 349 76 80 171 117 25 168

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 224 4,711 136 426 44 238 806 188

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 256 664 170 902 1,286 655 110 748

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) NR NR 12 124 NR 48 21 68

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 347 354 55 198 101 NR 85 134

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) NR 1,651 NR 25 34 27 369 NR

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 55 1,155 61 174 151 27 482 429

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) NR 307 NR NR NR 27 28 NR

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 69 1,556 91 149 101 81 255 349

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 14 NR 24 NR 50 NR NR NR

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) 14 NR NR NR NR NR 114 NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 88 265 62 112 25 NR 52 106

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) NR 872 NR 25 42 24 140 NR

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 67 747 71 161 101 32 359 423

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) NR 188 NR NR NR 13 28 NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 67 1,026 123 91 90 81 220 301

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 2 NR 30 NR 37 NR NR NR

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) 18 NR NR NR NR NR 44 NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Pesticide applicators:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 901 5,791 758 2,134 808 1,696
1,589 1,932

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 14 75 NR 99 NR 162 28 27

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 707 2,313 303 1,191 471 1,212 397 1,637

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 846 5,297 485 2,010 808 1,373 1,504 1,879

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 652 1,819 30 1,067 471 888 312 1,583

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 55 494 273 124 NR 323 85 54

Farmer applied,Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 2,303 12,256 1,558 5,947 2,552 2,546
2,246 4,285

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 46 197 NR 236 NR 153 7 87

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 2,093 6,231 134 4,020 1,645 2,047 588 4,090

[Insecticides]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 263 3,177 230 372 387 135 936
751

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 28 37 NR 25 NR NR NR 27

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 236 1,734 NR 198 34 27 397 161

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 263 2,580 230 347 370 135 823 751

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 236 1,137 NR 174 17 27 284 161

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) NR 597 NR 25 17 NR 114 NR

Farmer applied, Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 171 2,102 286 257 270 127 703 660

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 15 28 NR 30 NR NR NR 20

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 55 918 NR 130 25 24 140 150

Table E3e\--Potato pesticide use statistics, 1995, by state

Data items Units ALL CO ID ME MI MN NY ND OR PA

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 1,147 77 400 78 55 83 29 125 52 18

Pesticide Use

Land receiving any pesticides (1,000 ac.) 1,139 77 394 78 55 83 29 125
51 18

Amount of pesticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 71,347 2,576 31,811 1,096 1,248
1,424 347 2,818 6,343 278

Amount of pesticide applied (lbs./ac.) 62.62 33.46 80.84 14.06 22.68
17.15 11.95 22.54 123.76 15.74

Ave. number of treatments No. 8.6 5.5 4.3 13.7 13.6 9.9 10.6 8.1 9.7
11.7

Ave. number of ingredients No. 6.3 4.3 4.8 5.4 7.8 5.9 6.0 5.9 8.5 7.5

Average No. acre‑treatments (Ac‑trt) 11.3 6.2 5.6 15.3 16.5 11.6 12.7
12.2 13.3 15.4

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (1,000 ac.) 988 68 371 76 47 55 25 66 48 16

Amount of herbicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 2,384 223 1,125 45 118 94 53
127 136 53

Amount of herbicide applied (lbs./ac.) 2.41 3.26 3.03 0.59 2.54 1.72
2.13 1.92 2.83 3.23

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.1 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.5

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (1,000 ac.) 1,004 50 305 78 55 75 27 125 48
17

Amount of insecticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 2,557 21 775 66 90 95 68 262
233 39

Amount of insecticide applied (lbs./ac.) 2.55 0.42 2.54 0.85 1.63 1.27
2.51 2.10 4.90 2.27

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.6 1.3 1.5 2.2 2.6 2.4 3.4 3.1 2.9
3.2

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (1,000 ac.) 973 73 253 78 53 83 26 125 47 17

Amount of fungicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 6,535 140 677 629 602 565 211
756 323 175

Amount of fungicide applied (lbs./ac.) 6.71 1.93 2.67 8.06 11.35 6.81
7.97 6.05 6.91 10.44

Ave. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 7.5 3.7 3.1 10.2 11.4 7.4 7.4 7.1 8.2
9.8

[Other Pesticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving other pest. (1,000 ac.) 652 21 165 72 34 59 18 55 32 10

Amount of other pesticides applied (1,000 lbs.) 59,872 2,192 29,233 356
437 669 15 1,673 5,651 12

Amount of other pesticides applied (lbs./ac.) 91.96 107.90 177.00 4.98
12.99 11.36 0.83 30.22 174.79 1.27

Ave. other pest acre‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.6 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.7
1.4

Time of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 132 NR 77 1 6 16 1 5 7 3

At planting (1,000 ac.) 31 NR 15 NR 1 NR 7 NR 1 NR

After planting (1,000 ac.) 879 68 307 76 42 45 18 61 44 15

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 83 NR 55 NR 3 10 1 5 3 1

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 25 NR 10 NR 1 NR 7 NR NR NR

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 826 68 280 75 39 39 17 61 41 14

Before and at planting (1,000 ac.) 1 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 1 NR

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 48 NR 22 1 3 6 1 NR 3 1

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 5 NR 5 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 291 NR 164 5 7 49 3 10 22 5

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 29 NR 8 NR 3 NR 15 NR NR NR

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 2,063 223 954 40 108 45 35 117 113 48

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 93 NR 39 1 NR NR 2 21 12 NR

At planting (1,000 ac.) 310 1 150 15 39 11 10 17 11 14

After planting (1,000 ac.) 825 49 198 66 39 63 20 114 41 14

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 20 NR 16 NR NR NR 1 NR 2 NR

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 155 1 87 12 16 11 6 11 4 3

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 611 49 125 63 16 63 16 88 26 2

Before and at planting (1,000 ac.) 5 NR 5 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 64 NR 15 1 NR NR 1 21 9 NR

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 145 NR 55 3 24 NR 4 6 6 12

Before, at & after (1,000 ac.) 5 NR 3 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 309 NR 121 NR NR NR 3 61 47 NR

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 692 NR 421 10 40 13 21 47 32 7

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 1,556 21 234 56 50 82 44 154 154 31

Methods of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 517 4 229 7 40 52 9 34 15 11

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 101 9 14 NR 1 4 1 32 15 1

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 19 NR 6 NR NR NR 3 10 NR NR

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) 272 55 113 NR NR NR NR NR 17 NR

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 16 NR 2 NR 3 1 NR NR NR 1

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 140 1 36 69 4 NR 12 NR 9 5

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) 6 NR 5 NR NR NR 1 NR 1 NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 1,059 5 560 10 101 91 21 65 30 26

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 153 13 33 NR 4 1 2 48 14 3

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 30 NR 13 NR NR NR 4 13 NR NR

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) 879 204 404 NR NR NR NR NR 54 NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 13 NR 2 NR 3 1 NR NR NR 2

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 237 NR 105 35 11 NR 24 NR 35 22

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) 12 NR 8 NR NR NR 3 NR 2 NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 340 NR 61 3 26 30 12 81 18 9

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 437 24 122 NR 19 42 2 59 27 2

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 176 NR 83 14 23 9 6 17 6 13

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) 127 29 33 NR NR NR NR 5 15 NR

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 127 NR 66 3 10 5 2 3 6 2

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 101 1 11 63 4 NR 11 NR 2 4

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) 41 NR 23 NR NR NR NR NR 10 NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 711 NR 177 3 18 30 23 146 49 18

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 781 9 83 NR 20 52 18 69 73 5

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 358 NR 229 9 24 8 5 47 18 5

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) 133 12 21 NR NR NR NR NR 33 NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 306 NR 180 NR 24 5 2 1 15 2

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 127 NR 26 54 4 NR 20 NR 5 8

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) 130 NR 60 NR NR NR NR NR 39 NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Pesticide applicators:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 742 57 268 76 37 41 24 38 28
16

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 5 NR 3 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 272 12 113 NR 10 13 1 38 22 NR

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 715 57 258 76 37 41 24 29 26 16

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 245 12 104 NR 10 13 1 28 20 NR

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 27 NR 9 NR NR NR NR 10 2 NR

Farmer applied,Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 1,846 207 876 45 89 80 51 69 92 52

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 4 NR 1 NR NR NR NR NR 1 1

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 534 16 249 NR 29 14 2 58 43 NR

[Insecticides]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 723 30 225 78 49 42 25 97 27
17

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 30 NR 5 NR 1 NR NR 19 NR 1

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 485 24 145 NR 21 44 3 63 35 1

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 518 27 160 78 34 31 24 63 13 16

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 280 20 81 NR 6 32 2 28 20 NR

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 205 3 64 NR 15 11 1 35 14 1

Farmer applied, Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 1,430 12 587 66 67 41 41 129 110 34

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 80 NR 11 NR 1 NR NR 56 1 3

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 1,036 9 177 NR 22 54 27 77 122 2

(CONTINUED)

Table E3e\--Potato pesticide use statistics, 1995, by state\--continued

Data items Units WA WI

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 147 83

Pesticide Use

Land receiving any pesticides (1,000 ac.) 147 83

Amount of pesticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 19,437 3,970

Amount of pesticide applied (lbs./ac.) 132.23 47.83

Ave. number of treatments No. 12.7 14.6

Ave. number of ingredients No. 9.5 9.5

Average No. acre‑treatments (Ac‑trt) 17.0 21.2

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (1,000 ac.) 138 78

Amount of herbicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 309 100

Amount of herbicide applied (lbs./ac.) 2.24 1.29

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.9 2.0

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (1,000 ac.) 144 80

Amount of insecticide applied (1,000 lbs.) 694 214

Amount of insecticide applied (lbs./ac.) 4.82 2.66

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 3.7 4.9

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (1,000 ac.) 135 83

Amount of fungicide applied (1,000 lbs.) 1,457 1,000

Amount of fungicide applied (lbs./ac.) 10.79 12.04

Ave. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 11.0 12.9

[Other Pesticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving other pest. (1,000 ac.) 112 74

Amount of other pesticides applied (1,000 lbs.) 16,977 2,656

Amount of other pesticides applied (lbs./ac.) 151.26 35.86

Ave. other pest acre‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.8 1.8

Time of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 10 7

At planting (1,000 ac.) 7 1

After planting (1,000 ac.) 127 77

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 4 1

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 7 1

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 121 70

Before and at planting (1,000 ac.) NR NR

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 6 6

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) NR NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 17 8

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 4 NR

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 288 92

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Before planting (1,000 ac.) 19 1

At planting (1,000 ac.) 35 6

After planting (1,000 ac.) 140 79

Before planting only (1,000 ac.) 1 NR

At planting only (1,000 ac.) 3 2

After planting only (1,000 ac.) 91 73

Before and at planting (1,000 ac.) NR NR

Before and after planting (1,000 ac.) 17 1

At and after planting (1,000 ac.) 31 4

Before, at & after (1,000 ac.) 1 NR

Before Planting (1,000 lbs.) 76 1

At Planting (1,000 lbs.) 87 14

After Planting (1,000 lbs.) 531 199

Methods of pesticide applications:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 47 70

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 19 6

In furrow (1,000 ac.) NR NR

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) 87 NR

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 7 2

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 1 3

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) NR NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 61 89

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 28 6

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) NR NR

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) 216 NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 1 3

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 2 2

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) NR NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Broadcast, ground (1,000 ac.) 49 52

Broadcast, air (1,000 ac.) 118 23

In furrow (1,000 ac.) 2 4

Chemigaton (1,000 ac.) 44 2

Band treatment (1,000 ac.) 19 12

Directed Spray (1,000 ac.) 2 3

Injected/knifed in (1,000 ac.) 9 NR

Ground Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 117 130

Air Broadcast (1,000 lbs.) 406 47

In furrow (1,000 lbs.) 7 8

Chemigation (1,000 lbs.) 66 NR

Banded (1,000 lbs.) 49 28

Directed Spray (1,000 lbs.) 6 2

Knifed‑in (1,000 lbs.) 31 NR

Aerial (1,000 lbs.) NR NR

Spot Treatment (1,000 lbs.) NR NR

Pesticide applicators:

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 92 64

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 1 NR

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 48 17

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 89 61

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 45 13

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 3 3

Farmer applied,Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 205 82

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) NR NR

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 104 19

[Insecticides]{.underline}

Applied by certified operator (1,000 ac.) 76 57

Applied by non cert. operator (1,000 ac.) 4 NR

Custom applied (1,000 ac.) 117 33

Operator only (1,000 ac.) 26 47

Custom only (1,000 ac.) 67 24

Custom and operator (1,000 ac.) 51 10

Farmer applied, Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 218 124

Farmer applied, Non‑Cert. (1,000 lbs.) 8 NR

Custom applied (1,000 lbs.) 456 90

Table E4a\--Wheat tillage systems statistics, 1995 cropping practices
Survey

Data item Units : Total : - - - - Conventinal Tillage : - - -
Conservation Tillage - - - -

: without : with : Mulch : No till

: : plow : plow : till :

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 52,965 35,205 5,004 9,377 3,380

Observations obs 2,364 1,550 252 333 156

CO (1,000 ac.) 2,700 1,580 99 988 33

ID (1,000 ac.) 770 562 91 100 18

IL (1,000 ac.) 1,390 768 18 73 530

KS (1,000 ac.) 11,000 6,921 1,913 1,941 225

MN (1,000 ac.) 2,250 1,697 516 37 NR

MO (1,000 ac.) 1,230 769 38 96 327

MT (1,000 ac.) 5,320 3,601 145 1,125 449

NE (1,000 ac.) 2,100 1,648 158 158 135

ND (1,000 ac.) 11,250 7,197 565 3,118 371

OH (1,000 ac.) 1,210 588 34 34 555

OK (1,000 ac.) 5,200 3,927 990 272 11

OR (1,000 ac.) 825 417 319 89 NR

SD (1,000 ac.) 2,770 1,720 70 455 524

TX (1,000 ac.) 2,800 2,233 NR 494 73

WA (1,000 ac.) 2,150 1,577 48 398 127

Soil erodibility status:

Highly erodible land (1,000 ac.) 16,266 10,780 1,039 3,322 1,124

Not HEL land (1,000 ac.) 35,050 23,421 3,836 5,623 2,170

Undetermined (1,000 ac.) 1,649 1,004 129 431 85

Preceding legume crop (1,000 ac.) 6,738 4,550 320 111 1,757

[Rotations]{.underline}

Continuous Wheat (percent) 34.0 31.7 62.1 37.2 7.0

Wheat-fallow (percent) 20.2 21.3 6.6 27.6 9.0

Small grain rotations (percent) 3.7 3.6 4.5 4.0 2.4

Rotations with row crops (percent) 23.3 24.9 10.3 10.1 63.0

Rotations with idle or meadow (percent) 18.8 18.6 16.6 21.2 18.6

Chemical Use

[Nitrogen:]{.underline}

Land receiving nitrogen fertilizer (Percent) 87.0 87.2 90.4 81.9 94.5

Nitrogen application rate (lbs./ac.) 64 66 66 52 74

[Phosphate]{.underline}:

Land receiving phosphate fertilizer (Percent) 62.7 61.4 72.2 56.4 79.2

Phosphate application rate (lbs./ac.) 33 34 33 26 45

[Potash]{.underline}:

Land receiving potash fertilizer (Percent) 17.7 18.3 18.9 7.1 39.9

Potash application rate (lbs./ac.) 38 33 37 36 66

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (percent) 69.7 69.4 75.7 71.8 58.4

Herbicide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.41 0.42 0.32 0.45 0.41

Avg. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (percent) 3.7 4.0 2.5 4.1 0.9

Insecticide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.36 ID ID ID ID

Avg. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.1 ID ID ID ID

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (percent) 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.8

Fungicide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.44 ID ID ID ID

Avg. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.2 ID ID ID ID

Table E4a\--Soybean tillage systems statistics, 1995 cropping practices
Survey

Data item Units : Total : - - - - Conventinal Tillage : - - -
Conservation Tillage - - - -

: without : with : Mulch : No till : Ridge

: : plow : plow : till : : till

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 51,840 22,436 3,291 10,770 14,961 382

Observations obs 2,085 986 89 338 615 8

AR (1,000 ac.) 3,450 2,870 NR 166 414 NR

GA (1,000 ac.) 320 131 16 157 16 NR

IL (1,000 ac.) 9,750 4,070 189 2,130 3,360 NR

IN (1,000 ac.) 5,000 1,486 326 507 2,681 NR

IA (1,000 ac.) 9,300 3,426 534 3,204 2,047 89

KY (1,000 ac.) 1,170 267 7 96 800 NR

LA (1,000 ac.) 1,070 1,043 7 13 7 NR

MN (1,000 ac.) 5,900 2,107 1,505 1,866 241 181

MS (1,000 ac.) 1,850 1,540 NR 103 207 NR

MO (1,000 ac.) 4,600 1,998 38 792 1,772 NR

NE (1,000 ac.) 3,100 1,233 NR 1,233 523 112

NC (1,000 ac.) 1,150 511 90 128 421 NR

OH (1,000 ac.) 4,050 1,350 579 354 1,768 NR

TN (1,000 ac.) 1,130 403 NR 22 705 NR

Soil erodibility status:

Highly erodible land (1,000 ac.) 7,995 2,454 108 1,363 3,973 98

Not HEL land (1,000 ac.) 40,066 17,889 3,031 8,905 9,958 284

Undetermined (1,000 ac.) 3,778 2,092 153 503 1,030 NR

Use of winter cover crop:

With cover crop (1,000 ac.) 2,513 809 83 93 1,303 NR

No cover crop (1,000 ac.) 49,327 21,627 3,283 10,377 13,658 382

Preceding legume crop (1,000 ac.) 11,656 7,318 300 556 3,445 37

Area by number of cultivation:

1 cultivation (1,000 ac.) 11,956 5,782 1,548 3,895 559 172

2 cultivations (1,000 ac.) 7,784 3,565 506 1,940 1,623 149

3 or more cultivations (1,000 ac.) 998 756 76 166 NR NR

[Rotations:]{.underline}

Continuous soybeans (percent) 9.8 17.2 3.6 1.4 6.3 NR

Row crop rotations (percent) 73.2 63.0 82.7 90.0 73.5 100.0

Rotations with small grains (percent) 11.1 13.3 4.5 6.1 13.1 NR

Rotations with meadow or idle (percent) 5.9 6.5 9.2 2.4 7.1 NR

Chemical Use

[Nitrogen:]{.underline}

Land receiving nitrogen fertilizer (Percent) 16.8 16.1 17.2 14.3 19.4
21.4

Nitrogen application rate (lbs./ac.) 29 31 ID 28 30 ID

[Phosphate]{.underline}:

Land receiving phosphate fertilizer (Percent) 21.8 24.0 15.2 16.3 24.1
21.4

Phosphate application rate (lbs./ac.) 54 56 ID 56 51 ID

[Potash]{.underline}:

Land receiving potash fertilizer (Percent) 25.3 27.8 15.7 17.7 29.1 21.4

Potash application rate (lbs./ac.) 85 80 ID 89 92 ID

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (percent) 97.5 96.2 98.3 98.3 98.6 100.0

Herbicide rate (lbs./ac.) 1.12 1.08 1.00 0.94 1.34 ID

Avg. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.3 ID

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (percent) 1.8 2.5 1.9 0.9 1.6 NR

Table E4a\--Cotton tillage systems statistics, 1995 cropping practices
Survey

Data item Units : Total : - - - - Conventinal Tillage : - - -
Conservation Tillage - - - -

: without : with :

: : plow : plow :

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 11,650 9,957 1,534 159

Observations obs 1,075 878 134 15

AZ (1,000 ac.) 365 190 175 NR

AR (1,000 ac.) 1,170 1,160 NR 10

CA (1,000 ac.) 1,170 1,126 22 22

LA (1,000 ac.) 1,085 1,073 NR 12

MS (1,000 ac.) 1,460 1,401 10 49

TX (1,000 ac.) 6,400 5,006 1,327 66

Soil erodibility status:

Highly erodible land (1,000 ac.) 2,376 1,609 721 36

Not HEL land (1,000 ac.) 8,152 7,364 717 72

Undetermined (1,000 ac.) 1,122 985 96 42

Use of winter cover crop:

With cover crop (1,000 ac.) 252 199 13 40

No cover crop (1,000 ac.) 11,398 9,758 1,520 119

Preceding legume crop (1,000 ac.) 536 503 32 NR

Area by number of cultivations:

1 cultivation (1,000 ac.) 673 621 29 23

2 cultivations (1,000 ac.) 2,978 2,589 341 48

3 or more cultivations (1,000 ac.) 7,737 6,542 1,163 32

[Rotations:]{.underline}

Continuous cotton (percent) 68.1 67.9 72.4 41.1

Row crop rotations (percent) 21.1 21.6 17.5 19.7

Rotations with small grains (percent) 1.8 2.1 NR NR

Rotations with meadow or idle (percent) 9.1 8.4 10.2 38.9

Chemical Use

[Nitrogen:]{.underline}

Land receiving nitrogen fertilizer (Percent) 86.8 88.1 79.1 77.0

Nitrogen application rate (lbs./ac.) 96 100 71 99

[Phosphate]{.underline}:

Land receiving phosphate fertilizer (Percent) 56.3 56.0 58.4 55.5

Phosphate application rate (lbs./ac.) 43 44 37 46

[Potash]{.underline}:

Land receiving potash fertilizer (Percent) 40.3 42.2 25.9 63.3

Potash application rate (lbs./ac.) 51 54 18 53

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (percent) 97.5 97.3 98.6 95.4

Herbicide rate (lbs./ac.) 2.03 2.15 1.16 2.95

Avg. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 3.2 3.4 1.8 4.4

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (percent) 76.2 77.7 65.1 83.2

Insecticide rate (lbs./ac.) 2.36 2.39 2.01 3.09

Avg. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 7.9 8.1 6.1 9.9

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (percent) 8.6 9.5 2.7 8.7

Fungicide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.79 0.78 0.93 0.29

Avg. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.9 1.9 1.5 3.0

Table E4a\--Corn tillage systems statistics, 1995 cropping practices
Survey

Data item Units : Total : - - - - Conventinal Tillage : - - -
Conservation Tillage - - - -

: without : with : Mulch : No till : Ridge

: : plow : plow : till : : till

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 64,105 32,754 5,552 12,610 11,487 1,702

Observations obs 2,745 1,325 248 505 567 50

DE (1,000 ac.) 145 65 42 NR 38 NR

GA (1,000 ac.) 400 223 42 77 59 NR

IL (1,000 ac.) 10,200 5,889 385 2,117 1,771 38

IN (1,000 ac.) 5,400 2,865 296 823 1,416 NR

IA (1,000 ac.) 11,700 5,588 431 3,731 1,856 94

KS (1,000 ac.) 2,150 1,340 NR 280 405 125

KY (1,000 ac.) 1,280 318 42 184 736 NR

MI (1,000 ac.) 2,450 1,517 467 292 175 NR

MN (1,000 ac.) 6,700 4,271 1,175 1,097 39 118

MO (1,000 ac.) 1,650 846 14 139 610 42

NE (1,000 ac.) 8,000 2,593 NR 1,998 2,122 1,286

NC (1,000 ac.) 800 358 61 24 358 NR

OH (1,000 ac.) 3,300 1,414 447 620 819 NR

PA (1,000 ac.) 1,380 421 555 50 353 NR

SD (1,000 ac.) 2,800 1,642 242 538 377 NR

TX (1,000 ac.) 2,100 1,796 91 183 30 NR

WI (1,000 ac.) 3,650 1,610 1,261 456 322 NR

Soil erodibility status:

Highly erodible land (1,000 ac.) 11,034 3,846 569 2,274 4,102 243

Not HEL land (1,000 ac.) 50,147 27,433 4,346 9,928 7,018 1,422

Undetermined (1,000 ac.) 2,924 1,474 636 409 368 37

Use of winter cover crop:

With cover crop (1,000 ac.) (1,000 ac.) 1,106 338 84 327 344 14

No cover crop(1,000 ac.) (1,000 ac.) 62,999 32,415 5,468 12,284 11,143
1,688

Preceding legume crop (1,000 ac.) 36,020 20,508 1,565 5,674 7,863 409

Area by number of cultivations:

1 cultivation (1,000 ac.) 29,768 17,622 2,801 7,265 1,677 403

2 cultivations (1,000 ac.) 10,943 5,659 767 1,424 1,927 1,165

3 or more cultivations (1,000 ac.) 739 328 146 115 75 75

[Rotations:]{.underline}

Continuous corn (percent) 21.2 18.1 23.9 30.4 12.1 64.8

Row crop rotations (percent) 62.5 70.2 22.4 56.6 70.9 30.6

Rotations with small grains (percent) 2.8 2.5 7.5 2.3 2.2 NR

Rotations with meadow or idle (percent) 13.6 9.2 46.2 10.7 14.8 4.5

Chemical Use

[Nitrogen:]{.underline}

Land receiving nitrogen fertilizer (Percent) 97.4 97.9 93.3 97.2 98.0
100.0

Nitrogen application rate (lbs./ac.) 130 132 96 134 134 161

[Phosphate]{.underline}:

Land receiving phosphate fertilizer (Percent) 80.6 80.5 82.7 82.8 78.6
72.4

Phosphate application rate (lbs./ac.) 56 59 50 57 56 29

[Potash]{.underline}:

Land receiving potash fertilizer (Percent) 69.6 71.1 80.6 70.0 64.6 36.3

Potash application rate (lbs./ac.) 78 84 66 75 76 49

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (percent) 96.9 96.4 93.3 98.1 98.5 98.4

Herbicide rate (lbs./ac.) 2.71 2.64 2.42 2.59 3.24 2.12

Avg. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.4 3.1 2.6

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (percent) 27.5 26.7 23.9 30.6 22.4 67.2

Insecticide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.75 0.76 0.88 0.79 0.61 0.70

Avg. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (percent) 0.2 0.4 NR NR NR 2.2

Fungicide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.11 0.11 NR NR NR 0.11

Avg. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.0 1.0 NR NR NR 1.0

Table E5a\--Wheat crop rotations, 1995 cropping practices Survey

Data item Units : Total : Contin- : Wheat- : Rotation : Row crops :
Rotations

: uous : fallow : of small : & small : with idle

: : wheat : : grains : grains : or meadow

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 52,965 17,982 10,714 1,949 12,349 9,971

CO (1,000 ac.) 2,700 1,943 362 33 66 296

ID (1,000 ac.) 770 45 127 36 127 435

IL (1,000 ac.) 1,390 18 NR NR 1,244 128

KS (1,000 ac.) 11,000 5,402 2,251 NR 985 2,363

MN (1,000 ac.) 2,250 295 37 111 1,697 111

MO (1,000 ac.) 1,230 96 NR NR 1,076 58

MT (1,000 ac.) 5,320 603 2,969 111 48 1,589

NE (1,000 ac.) 2,100 226 1,039 NR 226 610

ND (1,000 ac.) 11,250 2,233 1,409 1,577 4,033 1,999

OH (1,000 ac.) 1,210 NR NR NR 1,126 84

OK (1,000 ac.) 5,200 4,874 22 11 65 228

OR (1,000 ac.) 825 35 488 18 53 231

SD (1,000 ac.) 2,770 346 520 22 1,144 738

TX (1,000 ac.) 2,800 1,739 73 NR 348 641

WA (1,000 ac.) 2,150 127 1,417 32 111 462

Soil erodibility status:

Highly erodible land (1,000 ac.) 16,266 5,524 5,169 232 1,805 3,536

Not HEL land (1,000 ac.) 35,050 11,901 5,403 1,636 10,211 5,899

Undetermined status (1,000 ac.) 1,649 556 143 81 332 537

Preceding legume crop (1,000 ac.) 6,738 65 NR 36 5,673 964

[Tillage Systems:]{.underline}

Conventional w/o Moldboard Plow (percent) 66.5 62.0 69.9 65.2 70.9 65.5

Moldboard Plow (percent) 9.4 17.3 3.1 11.4 4.2 8.3

Mulch tillage, \> 30% residue (percent) 17.7 19.4 24.2 19.2 7.7 19.9

No till (percent) 6.4 1.3 2.9 4.2 17.2 6.3

Chemical Use

[Nitrogen:]{.underline}

Land receiving nitrogen fertilizer (Percent) 87.0 87.8 76.7 95.8 95.7
84.4

Nitrogen application rate (lbs./ac.) 64 62 46 73 79 63

[Phosphate]{.underline}:

Land receiving phosphate fertilizer (Percent) 62.7 58.2 43.9 92.5 81.0
62.6

Phosphate application rate (lbs./ac.) 33 30 23 29 44 31

[Potash]{.underline}:

Land receiving potash fertilizer (Percent) 17.7 9.8 6.6 22.7 43.4 11.4

Potash application rate (lbs./ac.) 38 21 11 12 50 36

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (percent) 69.7 63.1 77.2 95.3 66.7 72.5

Herbicide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.41 0.29 0.46 0.67 0.46 0.43

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.1

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (percent) 3.7 8.8 0.6 1.7 0.7 1.8

Insecticide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.36 0.36 ID ID ID ID

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.1 1.1 ID ID ID ID

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (percent) 1.7 0.8 1.1 NR 4.0 1.2

Fungicide rate (lbs./ac.) ID ID ID ID ID ID

Ave. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) ID ID ID ID ID ID

Table E5a\--Soybean crop rotations, 1995 cropping practices Survey

Data item Units : Total : Contin- : Rotations : Rotations : Rotations

: : uous : with other : with Sm. : with idle

: : soybeans : row crops : grains : or meadow

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 51,840 5,088 37,932 5,746 3,074

AR (1,000 ac.) 3,450 800 359 2,236 55

GA (1,000 ac.) 320 73 63 157 26

IL (1,000 ac.) 9,750 237 8,945 379 189

IN (1,000 ac.) 5,000 109 4,348 254 290

IA (1,000 ac.) 9,300 178 8,855 44 222

KY (1,000 ac.) 1,170 222 785 126 37

LA (1,000 ac.) 1,070 595 214 161 100

MN (1,000 ac.) 5,900 NR 4,877 722 301

MS (1,000 ac.) 1,850 1,178 258 331 83

MO (1,000 ac.) 4,600 716 2,715 528 641

NE (1,000 ac.) 3,100 37 2,913 75 75

NC (1,000 ac.) 1,150 143 504 361 143

OH (1,000 ac.) 4,050 482 2,636 64 868

TN (1,000 ac.) 1,130 317 461 309 43

Soil erodibility status:

Highly erodible land (1,000 ac.) 7,995 451 6,159 721 664

Not HEL land (1,000 ac.) 40,066 4,145 29,386 4,380 2,156

Undetermined (1,000 ac.) 3,778 492 2,387 646 254

Use of winter cover crop:

With cover crop (1,000 ac.) 2,513 8 479 2,026 NR

Without cover crop (1,000 ac.) 49,327 5,081 37,453 3,720 3,074

Preceding legume crop (1,000 ac.) 11,656 5,088 2,922 2,752 894

[Tillage Systems:]{.underline}

Conventional w/o Moldboard Plow (percent) 43.3 76.0 37.3 51.9 47.3

Moldboard Plow (percent) 6.3 2.3 7.2 2.6 9.9

Mulch tillage, \> 30% residue (percent) 20.8 3.0 25.6 11.5 8.4

No till (percent) 28.9 18.6 29.0 34.0 34.4

Ridge till (percent) 0.7 NR 1.0 NR NR

Chemical Use

[Nitrogen:]{.underline}

Land receiving nitrogen fertilizer (Percent) 16.8 18.0 15.3 27.4 12.9

Nitrogen application rate (lbs./ac.) 29 ID 27 ID ID

[Phosphate]{.underline}:

Land receiving phosphate fertilizer (Percent) 21.8 27.4 19.1 33.5 24.5

Phosphate application rate (lbs./ac.) 54 ID 57 ID ID

[Potash]{.underline}:

Land receiving potash fertilizer (Percent) 25.3 30.2 22.9 35.8 26.2

Potash application rate (lbs./ac.) 85 ID 91 ID ID

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (percent) 97.5 93.7 99.1 92.3 93.9

Herbicide rate (lbs./ac.) 1.12 1.28 1.07 1.30 1.17

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.8

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (percent) 1.8 7.8 1.0 3.0 0.3

Insecticide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.49 ID ID ID ID

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.1 ID ID ID ID

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (percent) 0.1 NR 0.1 0.2 NR

Table E5a\--Cotton crop rotations, 1995 cropping practices Survey

Data item Units : Total : Contin- : Rotations : Rotations : Rotations

: uous : with other : with sm. : with idle

: : cotton : row crops : grains : or meadow

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 11,650 7,938 2,453 205 1,055

AZ (1,000 ac.) 365 233 16 16 101

AR (1,000 ac.) 1,170 1,010 130 30 NR

CA (1,000 ac.) 1,170 600 161 80 329

LA (1,000 ac.) 1,085 933 128 NR 23

MS (1,000 ac.) 1,460 1,284 147 10 20

TX (1,000 ac.) 6,400 3,879 1,871 69 582

Soil erodibility status:

Highly erodible land (1,000 ac.) 2,376 1,989 237 27 124

Not HEL land (1,000 ac.) 8,152 5,261 1,916 146 829

Undetermined (1,000 ac.) 1,122 688 300 32 102

Use of winter cover crop:

With cover crop (1,000 ac.) 252 63 70 11 108

Without cover crop (1,000 ac.) 11,398 7,875 2,383 194 946

Preceding legume crop (1,000 ac.) 536 NR 399 59 77

[Tillage Systems:]{.underline}

Conventional w/o Moldboard Plow (percent) 85.5 85.2 87.8 100.0 79.3

Moldboard Plow (percent) 13.2 14.0 10.9 NR 14.8

Mulch tillage, \> 30% residue (percent) 0.4 NR 0.5 NR 3.3

No till (percent) 1.0 0.8 0.8 NR 2.5

Chemical Use

[Nitrogen:]{.underline}

Land receiving nitrogen fertilizer (Percent) 86.8 85.3 93.0 95.1 81.6

Nitrogen application rate (lbs./ac.) 96 93 91 ID 130

[Phosphate]{.underline}:

Land receiving phosphate fertilizer (Percent) 56.3 52.6 72.5 69.6 44.3

Phosphate application rate (lbs./ac.) 43 40 47 ID 51

[Potash]{.underline}:

Land receiving potash fertilizer (Percent) 40.3 44.0 35.1 44.6 24.1

Potash application rate (lbs./ac.) 51 53 47 ID 34

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (percent) 97.5 98.5 95.8 83.4 96.8

Herbicide rate (lbs./ac.) 2.03 2.16 1.78 ID 1.58

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 3.2 3.5 2.6 ID 1.9

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (percent) 76.2 73.2 81.7 84.4 83.9

Insecticide rate (lbs./ac.) 2.36 2.36 2.28 ID 2.38

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 7.9 8.2 7.9 ID 5.9

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (percent) 8.6 9.7 7.9 NR 3.1

Table E5a\--Corn crop rotations, 1995 croppig practices survey

Data item Units : Total : Contin- : Rotations : Rotations : Rotations

: uous : with other : with sm. : with idle

: : corn : row crops : grains : or meadow

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 64,105 13,581 40,050 1,770 8,705

DE (1,000 ac.) 145 48 92 2 4

GA (1,000 ac.) 400 125 212 7 56

IL (1,000 ac.) 10,200 1,463 7,852 115 770

IN (1,000 ac.) 5,400 527 4,478 66 329

IA (1,000 ac.) 11,700 1,969 9,281 19 431

KS (1,000 ac.) 2,150 1,091 561 NR 499

KY (1,000 ac.) 1,280 201 937 25 117

MI (1,000 ac.) 2,450 671 1,138 NR 642

MN (1,000 ac.) 6,700 588 5,054 313 744

MO (1,000 ac.) 1,650 291 1,151 NR 208

NE (1,000 ac.) 8,000 4,092 3,214 46 648

NC (1,000 ac.) 800 109 570 12 109

OH (1,000 ac.) 3,300 422 1,836 NR 1,042

PA (1,000 ac.) 1,380 471 286 34 589

SD (1,000 ac.) 2,800 215 1,212 1,050 323

TX (1,000 ac.) 2,100 548 1,157 NR 396

WI (1,000 ac.) 3,650 751 1,020 81 1,798

Soil erodibility status:

Highly erodible land (1,000 ac.) 11,034 2,536 5,996 274 2,228

Not HEL land (1,000 ac.) 50,147 10,566 32,466 1,436 5,679

Undetermined (1,000 ac.) 2,924 479 1,587 60 797

Use of winter cover crop:

With cover crop (1,000 ac.) 1,106 339 418 41 308

No cover crop (1,000 ac.) 62,999 13,242 39,631 1,729 8,397

Preceding legume crop (1,000 ac.) 36,020 NR 33,164 261 2,595

[Tillage Systems]{.underline}

Conventional w/o Moldboard Plow (percent) 51.1 43.7 57.5 45.4 34.6

Moldboard Plow (percent) 8.7 9.8 3.1 23.6 29.5

Mulch tillage, \> 30% residue (percent) 19.7 28.2 17.8 16.6 15.5

No till (percent) 17.9 10.2 20.3 14.4 19.6

Ridge till (percent) 2.7 8.1 1.3 NR 0.9

Chemical Use

[Nitrogen:]{.underline}

Land receiving nitrogen fertilizer (Percent) 97.4 96.7 98.2 90.2 96.7

Nitrogen application rate (lbs./ac.) 130 138 136 ID 102

[Phosphate]{.underline}:

Land receiving phosphate fertilizer (Percent) 80.6 76.6 82.3 65.5 82.2

Phosphate application rate (lbs./ac.) 56 43 63 ID 48

[Potash]{.underline}:

Land receiving potash fertilizer (Percent) 69.6 55.3 75.4 36.9 71.8

Potash application rate (lbs./ac.) 78 63 85 ID 66

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (percent) 96.9 95.8 98.2 93.7 93.6

Herbicide rate (lbs./ac.) 2.71 2.54 2.81 ID 2.58

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.5 2.4 2.5 ID 2.4

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (percent) 27.5 58.7 18.9 4.2 23.1

Insecticide rate (lbs./ac.) 0.75 0.80 0.67 ID 0.85

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 1.2 1.3 1.1 OD 1.1

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (percent) 0.2 0.4 0.3 NR NR

Table E5a\--Potato crop rotations, 1995 cropping practices Survey

Data item Units : Total : Contin- : Rotations : Rotations : Rotations

: uous : with other : with sm. : with idle

: : potatoes : row crops : grains : or meadow

Planted area (1,000 ac.) 1,147 44 213 511 379

CO (1,000 ac.) 77 1 2 71 3

ID (1,000 ac.) 400 2 13 235 150

ME (1,000 ac.) 78 5 16 45 11

MI (1,000 ac.) 55 9 21 5 21

MN (1,000 ac.) 83 5 32 38 8

NY (1,000 ac.) 29 14 6 5 5

ND (1,000 ac.) 125 NR 20 87 18

OR (1,000 ac.) 52 7 6 6 32

PA (1,000 ac.) 18 0 6 4 7

WA (1,000 ac.) 147 NR 38 5 104

WI (1,000 ac.) 83 1 54 8 20

Use of winter cover crop:

With cover crop (1,000 ac.) 81 24 36 5 16

No cover crop (1,000 ac.) 1,066 20 178 506 363

Preceding legume crop (1,000 ac.) 131 NR 40 19 73

Chemical Use

[Nitrogen:]{.underline}

Land receiving nitrogen fertilizer (Percent) 99.3 87.5 98.9 99.9 99.9

Nitrogen application rate (lbs./ac.) 221 ID 252 196 244

[Phosphate]{.underline}:

Land receiving phosphate fertilizer (Percent) 98.4 97.9 98.4 98.0 99.0

Phosphate application rate (lbs./ac.) 171 ID 171 156 192

[Potash]{.underline}:

Land receiving potash fertilizer (Percent) 89.3 97.9 96.1 85.6 89.3

Potash application rate (lbs./ac.) 170 ID 243 125 184

[Herbicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving herbicides (percent) 86.4 97.3 90.5 79.2 92.6

Herbicide rate (lbs./ac.) 2.40 ID 1.83 2.32 2.89

Ave. herbicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.0 ID 2.0 1.8 2.1

[Insecticides:]{.underline}

Land receiving insecticides (percent) 87.6 94.5 98.4 82.3 87.7

Insecticide rate (lbs./ac.) 2.55 ID 2.88 1.77 3.50

Ave. insecticide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 2.6 ID 3.4 2.0 3.0

[Fungicides:]{.underline}

Land receiving fungicides (percent) 84.8 78.4 99.2 77.1 87.9

Fungicide rate (lbs./ac.) 6.75 ID 10.24 4.61 7.01

Ave. fungicide ac‑treat (ac‑trt) 7.5 ID 11.1 5.6 7.3