[September 2001]{.underline}

**ENVIRONMENT AGENCY TIMBER INFORMATION NOTE:**

**BEST ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICE FOR**

**SPECIFICATION AND PROCUREMENT OF TIMBER**

**Valid until**: December 2002\*

######## INTRODUCTION

POLICY BACKGROUND:

The Environment Agency is committed to implementing and demonstrating
best environmental practice in all its activities.

Michael Meacher announced on 28 July 2000 that the Government\'s own
policy on procuring wood is now **mandatory** on all Government
Departments and Agencies. Each will report annually on purchases of
timber and timber products and the process will be monitored by an
Inter-Departmental Timber Procurement Group reporting to the Committee
of Green Ministers. Previously government encouraged the purchase of
timber and timber products such as joinery, fittings, furniture and
veneers, from sustainably managed sources.

The decision was at the Prime Minister\'s direction following a
commitment made by him and other G8 leaders at Okinawa, in July, to do
more to tackle illegal logging.

Whilst the Agency has had best practice guidance to purchase "good wood"
since 1996, **the Agency will now be required to purchase sustainable
timber and report to the DEFRA**

THE AGENCY'S NATIONAL PROCUREMENT POLICY

Timber is now considered a strategic procurement commodity.

**All project managers and other staff involved in the specification and
purchasing of timber and timber products, whether sourced directly or
indirectly through contractors, have a responsibility to ensure all
timber or timber products are compliant with Agency environmental
policy.**

Any queries on contractual or procurement issues should be referred
initially to your Regional Procurement colleagues or to Linda Evans,
Procurement Officer at Environment Agency Wales, who is tasked with
looking at this from a national perspective.

WHY Do we need sustainably managed timber?

The DEFRA states: *"Forests represent the single most important
stabilising feature of the world\'s land surface. They absorb carbon
dioxide, regulate the hydrological cycle, stabilise and conserve the
soil, recycle nutrients and provide valuable habitats for living
species. Their clearance for pasture and timber typically results first
in flooding and soil erosion and then a drop in rainfall.*

*Some 13 million hectares of tropical forest are estimated to be
destroyed annually -- each hectare containing between 100 to 250 tonnes
of carbon in its biomass. Carbon emissions from land-use change are
estimated to be equivalent to about a quarter of the world\'s emissions
from fossil fuels.*

*The World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development reports
that forests have virtually disappeared in 25 countries: 18 have lost
more than 95% of their forests and another 11 have lost 90%."*

For more information on the causes of deforestation and Government
procurement policy on timber refer to Appendix C.

**PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT**

This document has been produced to provide buyers with advice on
identifying timber from sustainably managed sources**, i.e. "Timber that
has been lawfully obtained, from forests and plantations which are
managed to sustain their biodiversity, productivity and vitality, and to
prevent harm to other ecosystems and any indigenous or forest-dependent
people**. "

This is in order for the Agency to comply with DEFRA requirements and
its own procurement policy. This policy on timber is compatible with the
Government's procurement policy with its emphasis on value for money

This is not a technical design manual. The range of issues considered by
designers of timber structures is wide and includes durability,
strength, cost, availability, thermal and chemical stability.
Environmental impact is a relatively new addition to this list and
should be taken into account at the earliest stage of the design
process.

**THE PROBLEMS FOR TIMBER SPECIFIERS**

It is now accepted that timber should "come from a sustainable
source\'\' but merely writing such phrases into specifications or
procurement documents is not sufficient.

The plethora of 'green' labels makes it difficult to assess their claims
and it is virtually impossible to assess the information provided by
suppliers as evidence of sustainability

However, the purchase of products which cannot be shown to be
sustainably or legally produced is not banned. Currently, this is
impractical as there may be insufficient independently verified timber.

**The time needed to obtain non-standard or certified timbers and to
resolve procurement issues should be allowed for at the outset of any
project.**

**SOLUTIONS**

The appropriate solution depends to some extent upon the nature of the
timber required, but for [all]{.underline} requirements the following
questions should be considered:

a\) What is the minimum amount of timber needed?

Timber use should not simply be reduced by substituting other materials
(all materials have their own environmental impacts), but it is
important not to waste timber by over ordering or profligate use.

b\) What is the appropriate specification?

> This is of crucial importance because a lot of the following options
> will be ruled out if the specification is unnecessarily high.
> Specifying the highest quality grade timber where a lower
> specification will suffice is wasteful. To use timbers such as Ekki
> (*Lophira alata)* in anything but aquatic situations or Greenheart
> *(Ocotea rodiaei)* in non-marine situations is wasteful of a valuable
> resource that is in great demand.

c\) Does it have to be new timber?

> Second hand timber may be obtained from a variety of sources, it may
> be found on site or recycled from other sites. UK companies such as
> SALVO produce directories of salvage sources and can help with the
> location of second hand and reclaimed timber. Other companies
> specialise in the production of timber structures such as footbridges,
> from railway sleepers.

Having dealt with the reduce/re-use/recycle issue it is necessary to
determine which of the following two conditions apply to the requirement
for timber:

Category 1: Timber required for projects where the timber species is not
critical,

e.g. the specification is limited to "softwood" or "hardwood".

Category 2: Timber required for projects where timber type is critical
(e.g. TRADA durability grade "very durable") or where very large volumes
of timber are required and especially where timber is a conspicuous
component of the project (e.g .timber footbridge).

##### CATEGORY 1 REQUIREMENTS

It is likely that this timber requirement will be met from a sustainably
managed source. **However, it is essential that the timber is the
subject of an independent third party certification and labelling scheme
with a robust chain of custody mechanism.** The Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC) scheme meets the UK Government's requirements and at this
time no other scheme is known to be equivalent (See Appendix A).

The following specification should therefore be used:

**"Timber must carry the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) trademark or
other label from an equivalent internationally recognised, globally
applicable, independent certification scheme for good forest
management."**

There are currently three main sources of FSC certified timber in the
UK:

1\. Timber Merchants listed on the FSC website (See Appendix B).

2\. Timber retailers who are members of the WWF 1995+ Group. (See
Appendix A)

3.  The UK Woodland Assurance Scheme (UKWAS) sets out the requirements
    that forest owners and certifiers can use to assure good forest
    management practice. The UKWAS standards were endorsed by the FSC in
    1999 and wood certified as meeting the UKWAS standards, by an
    FSC-accredited body, can bear the FSC label.

CERTIFICATION or WHAT TO LOOK FOR

Individual pieces of timber may or may not physically carry the FSC
trademark but to be certain that FSC timber really has been supplied:-

1.  Potential suppliers should quote the FSC forest identification
    number and certificate number for their sources. e.g. Dartington
    Home Woods has FSC Forest ID number 13, and certificate codes SA
    1002 and SA 1013.

2.  In all cases the quotation and invoice of the supplier should
    clearly state that they are for FSC timber.

3.  They should also give a code number that refers to the chain of
    custody certificate number. e.g. SA-COC-1022 or
    SGS-COC-0755/6525/0184.

4.  If your quotation and invoice does not give a code number ask your
    supplier to provide the relevant information.

5.  If you are in any doubt contact the FSC UK office directly (see
    Appendix D).

If verified as *bona fide* FSC timber then you can have confidence that
the source of the timber has been subjected to an environmentally
credible, and fully international, forest certification system.

#### 

#### CATEGORY 2 REQUIREMENTS

For timber requirements of this type the FSC scheme is still appropriate
(see Category 1) but may impose certain limitations.

The range of very durable timber species available with FSC
certification does not yet include some well known species such as
Greenheart and Ekki. **Therefore lesser known very durable species which
are available with FSC certification should be carefully evaluated and
considered as alternatives** (see Appendix E).

In addition to a limited choice of species, the very durable
construction timbers with FSC certification may be subject to
limitations in terms of volume, size of timbers and timescales for
harvesting and shipment.The project manager / timber specifier should
make arrangements for certified timber at the earliest possible stage of
a project, which could be as much as 18 months before the timber is
needed.

The planning and research that may be required to purchase sustainably
managed timber could encourage the use of timber substitutes. However
such alternative materials as recycled plastic, timber and concrete all
involve substantial environmental impacts including the use of
non-renewable resources, quarrying, long distance transportation and
high energy use during manufacture. The sustainable nature of well
managed forests or plantations should be fully considered and
appropriate advice sought from the Business Improvement Team before a
decision is made to utilise timber substitutes

**AGENCY CONTACTS**

If you have any further questions please contact any of the following:

Richard Copas, Regional Landscape Architect, Thames Region tel:
7--25-5565

Linda Evans, Procurement, Environment Agency Wales tel: 7-26-2461

Simon Pearson, Business Improvement Team, tel: 7-10-6256

**THE FUTURE**

The issue of sustainable timber is very dynamic and the Landscape
Architecture Group, Thames Region, has the task of regularly updating
this Information Note. A few of the more important developments going on
in this field are outlined below:

FURTHER GUIDANCE FROM THE DEFRA

The DEFRA recognise the need to identify other schemes which are
equivalent to the FSC and is currently researching this issue.

ISO 14001

The International Standards Organisation (ISO) has a working group
developing a standard for the environmental management of forests. ISO
14001 is designed to define a management system that addresses the
environmental aspects and impacts of an organisations operations, be it
a forestry company or a paper mill. It does not define - nor is it
intended to define - any specific environmental performance criteria.
There is no reason why ISO 14001 and FSC Principles & Criteria cannot be
complementary and supportive of each other. ISO 14001 can provide the
management framework, timetable and control mechanisms to allow a forest
organisation to meet FSC Principles & Criteria.

The extent to which ISO 14001 is used to complement or conflict with the
FSC remains to be seen, but it is very unlikely that ISO 14001 alone
could provide the basis for a meaningful

environment - related product labelling system.

NATIONAL STANDARDS

The emergence of good national standards, such as the Canadian Standards
Association\'s Sustainable Forest Management System, developed with the
rigour of internationally recognised protocols, such as ISO or the
European Union\'s EMAS and Eco-labelling schemes, is likely to continue.
However, in the international timber market the value of national
standards, relative to each other, is difficult to assess without a
global overview, and too many standards may confuse the market.

REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

In the near future the Agency will compile comprehensive monitoring
information on its timber usage, to report annually to the DEFRA. Any
assistance you give by recording what you use and providing this
information to your Regional Environment Management Adviser (REMA) and
other relevant staff will be invaluable.

**VALIDITY**

Please note that events in this field are moving so quickly that
information contained here should not be relied upon as accurate after
**December 2002.** Request revised guidance after this date from Thames
Region's Landscape Architecture Group.

**APPENDIX A**

####### INDEPENDENTLY CERTIFIED TIMBER

Independent forest certification is a market-based voluntary approach,
developed from the widespread belief that timber consumers are concerned
about the state of the world's forests and would prefer to purchase
timber from well managed forests. There is currently only one fully
international and independent forest certification organisation
responsible for the certification of over 15 million hectares of forest;
the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).

The FSC

Formed in 1993 as a non-profit making, non-governmental organisation
composed of a diverse group of members from environmental institutions,
the timber trade, the forestry profession, indigenous peoples
organisations, community forest groups and forest product certification
organisations from all over the world. The FSC does not certify or label
products itself. Its function is to set the criteria for sustainable
forest management in different parts of the world and to evaluate,
accredit and monitor certifying agencies capable of applying those
criteria in a way that is competent and unbiased. The FSC checkmark and
initials are internationally registered trademarks and their use is
controlled by legally binding contracts.

There are currently six FSC accredited inspection agencies: -

1\) The Soil Association\'s Woodmark and

2\) SGS Forestry\'s Qualifor Programme

These 2 are largely British based.

3\) Scientific Certification Systems Forest Conservation Programme and

4\) Rainforest Alliance\'s Smartwood Programme

These 2 are based in the USA.

The latest additions to this list are:-

5\) SKAL, based in the Netherlands and

6\) IMO (Institut fur Martokologie) from Switzerland.

The WWF 1995+ Group

This is a partnership between WWF and more than 70 UK companies. Members
are committed to improving forest management around the world. WWF is
the facilitator and gatekeeper of the group. The long-term target is for
members to purchase substantial and increasing volumes of wood from
certified forests. The group believes certification should be
independent, against agreed standards, include product tracing and
labelling and it should be globally applicable. They believe the only
certification scheme that meets these criteria is the FSC.

WWF/SOIL ASSOCIATION LOCAL AUTHORITIES PROJECT

The aim of this project is to focus local government support for
independent certification and labelling of forest products, which allows
purchasers to choose to buy from forests with high quality of forest
management, taking into account environmental, social and economic
elements. In particular the project aims to support the FSC principles
and criteria, as a broad basis for ethical and environmental standards
for forest management. The project is endorsed by the Local Government
Management Board for Local Agenda 21.

For further information see the FSC website.

**APPENDIX B:**

**UK Timber merchants of FSC certified timber (reproduced from FSC
List)**

+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| **COMPANY**  | **TIMBERS AVAILABLE**             | **CONTACT**       |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
|              | **UK AND EUROPEAN HARDWOODS AND   |                   |
|              | SOFTWOODS**                       |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Adam Wilson  | Full range of sawn and kiln       | Scott Wilson      |
| & Sons Ltd   | dried, stress graded and machined |                   |
|              | softwood timber including         | Tel: 01292 318    |
|              | construction grades. Trade supply | 180               |
|              | throughout UK.                    |                   |
|              |                                   | Email:            |
|              | Principal species are UK grown:   | www.              |
|              |                                   | adam-wilson.co.uk |
|              | Spruce (Picea abies               |                   |
|              |                                   | AYRESHIRE         |
|              | Larch (Larix spp.)                |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| A.J. Scott   | A wide variety of European        | Roy Clarke        |
|              | hardwoods and softwoods. Species  |                   |
|              | include:                          | Tel: 01472 870    |
|              |                                   | 400               |
|              | Spruce (Picea abies),             |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 01472 870    |
|              | Pine (Pinus sylvestris),          | 402               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Larch (Larix spp.)                | NORTHUMBERLAND    |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga          |                   |
|              | menziesii).                       |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Anglia       | Spruce (Picea abies),             | John Samuel       |
| Woodnet      |                                   |                   |
|              | Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris),    | Tel: 01760 726111 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus),   | EAST ENGLAND      |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Ash (Fraxinus spp),               |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Oak (Quercus spp),                |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Birch (Betula spp)                |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Hazel (Corylus avellana).         |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Roundwood.                        |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| AssiDman    | Pine (Pinus sylvestris)           | Robin Wheatley    |
| Forest &     |                                   |                   |
| Timber       | Spruce (Picea abies)              | Tel: 01883 627    |
|              |                                   | 527               |
|              | sawn and machined timber.         |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 01883 627    |
|              |                                   | 549               |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| B&Q          | Pine (Pinus sylvestris)           | Available at      |
|              |                                   | stores            |
|              | Spruce (Picea Abies)              |                   |
|              |                                   | Across the UK     |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Balcas       | Full range of UK sawn,            | Contact sales on  |
| Timber Ltd   | kiln-dried, stress graded and     |                   |
|              | machined softwood timber          | 01365 323 003.    |
|              | including construction grade      | NORTHERN IRELAND  |
|              | timber.                           |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| BCL Chambers | Spruce (Picea abies).             | Tony Athersmith.  |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel: 01782 224    |
|              |                                   | 100               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax 01782 224 200 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | email:mail        |
|              |                                   | @fgchambers.co.uk |
|              |                                   | STOKE ON TRENT    |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Beacon       | Boards and general lumber.        | Mike Bentley      |
| Certified    |                                   |                   |
| Timber       |                                   | Tel: 0131 288     |
| (Agent)      |                                   | 7575              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 0131 229     |
|              |                                   | 4827              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Email:            |
|              |                                   | info@cert         |
|              |                                   | ifiedtimber.co.uk |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | EDINBURGH         |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Brooks       | Sawn timber trade only            | John Randall      |
| Brothers Ltd |                                   |                   |
|              | European Redwood (Pinus           | Tel: 01621 877    |
|              | sylvestris)                       | 400               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | ESSEX             |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| BSW Sawmills | UK softwoods, sawn, planed and    | Tel: 01606 832    |
|              | kiln dried                        | 872               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 01606 837    |
|              |                                   | 452               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | SCOTLAND & WALES  |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Clarks Wood  | Redwood (Pinus sylvestris)        | Geoff Osborne     |
| Company      |                                   |                   |
|              | South African Pine. Contact       | Tel: 0117 971     |
|              |                                   | 6316              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 0117 972     |
|              |                                   | 3119. LONDON &    |
|              |                                   | BRISTOL           |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| C. Blumsom   | Whitewood (Picea abies)           | Nick-Armon Jones  |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Redwood (Pinus sylvestris).       | Tel: 0208 594     |
|              |                                   | 5175              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 0208 594     |
|              |                                   | 1089              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | LONDON            |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Coed Cymru   | Various species including:        | Andy Stuart       |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Oak (Quercus robur)               | Tel: 01686 650    |
|              |                                   | 777               |
|              | Beech (Fagus sylvatica)           |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax 01686 650     |
|              | Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)          | 696. WALES        |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Birch (Betula spp.)               |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Alder (Alnus spp.)                |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) in |                   |
|              | standard dimensions.              |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Duffield     | Wide variety of European Timbers. | Duncan Lees       |
| Timber       | Full packs only.                  |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel: 01765 640    |
|              |                                   | 564               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 01765 640    |
|              |                                   | 750. YORKSHIRE    |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Eastern      | Pine (Pinus sylvestris)           | Nick Sargeant     |
| Hardwoods    |                                   |                   |
|              | Spruce (Picea abies)              | Tel 01279 453 582 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii).      | fax 01279 453     |
|              |                                   | 714. ESSEX        |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Ecotimber    | Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga          | Hubert Kwisthout  |
| (Agent)      | menziesii)                        |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 029 20707 444 |
|              | Larch (Larix kaempferi)           |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax 029 20711     |
|              | Sawn and kiln-dried.              | 133. CARDIFF      |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| English      | Fresh sawn English oak including  | Tom Compton       |
| Woodland     | weather-boarding for the          |                   |
| Timber Ltd   | construction, joinery and         | Tel: 01730 816    |
|              | furniture trades.                 | 941               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | SUSSEX            |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Euroforest   | Round wood only.                  | Northern Office:  |
| Ltd          |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 01349 861610  |
|              |                                   | Southern Office:  |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 01874 711     |
|              |                                   | 840.              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | UK                |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Focus        | Pine (Pinus sylvestris)           | Available at      |
|              |                                   | stores around the |
|              | Spruce (Picea abies) PSE          | UK:               |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Gwyyddelwern | Softwoods for fencing - posts,    | Hayden Fry        |
| Sawmills Ltd | rails and featheredged Min. 10    |                   |
|              | tons, smaller quantities possible | Tel: 01490 412241 |
|              | if in stock.                      |                   |
|              |                                   | NORTH WALES       |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| H. Reimar    | Norway Spruce (Picea abies)       | Tony Rycroft      |
| Nielsen UK   |                                   |                   |
|              | Pine (Pinus sylvestris).          | Tel 01767 677 911 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Also hardwoods.                   | fax 01767 677     |
|              |                                   | 915,              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | email:            |
|              |                                   | tony@rycroft.org  |
|              |                                   | UK                |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Homebase     | Pine (Pinus sylvestris)           | Available at      |
|              |                                   | stores across the |
|              | Spruce (Picea abies) in various   | UK.               |
|              | finishes.                         |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Construction timber and trade     |                   |
|              | timber.                           |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Howie Forest | UK grown Spruce (Picea abies)     | Hamish Macleod or |
| Products UK  |                                   |                   |
|              | Larch (Larix spp).                | Keith Ainslie     |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Construction grade timber         | Tel 01556 610876. |
|              | available.                        | SCOTLAND AND      |
|              |                                   | ENGLISH BORDERS.  |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| I            | German Beech (Fagus sylvatica)    | Thomas Barnes     |
| nternational |                                   |                   |
| Timber       | Swedish Redwood (Pinus            | Tel 0161 848 2900 |
|              | sylvestris)                       |                   |
|              |                                   | fax 0161 848      |
|              | Various sizes, grades and         | 2901,             |
|              | specifications.                   | emailthomas.ba    |
|              |                                   | rnes@meyer.co.uk. |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | NORTHERN ENGLAND. |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| JDG Munro &  | Sawmillers of UK grown softwood   | Philip Blake/Nick |
| Partners     | timber including fencing.         | Wormald           |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel: 01349 863    |
|              |                                   | 226               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | SCOTLAND          |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| James        | Roundwood and sawn timber         | Phil Higginbotham |
| Callander &  |                                   |                   |
| sons Ltd     | Spruce (Picea abies)              | Tel: 01324 621    |
|              |                                   | 563               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | SCOTLAND          |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| James E      | Sawn timber                       | Richard Parkers   |
| Smith        |                                   |                   |
|              | Spruce (Picea abies)              | Tel: 0121 5232261 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Pine (Pinus spp)                  | BIRMINGHAM        |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| James Jones  | UK softwoods, construction        | Stephen Craig     |
| & Sons Ltd   | timber, fencing, sawmill          |                   |
|              | co-products                       | Tel: 01324 562    |
|              |                                   | 241               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | SCOTLAND          |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| James Latham | Wide variety of European          | Mark Smith or     |
| Northern     | hardwoods and softwoods           |                   |
|              | including:                        | Alan Spurr        |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Redwood (Pinus sylvestris)        | Tel 01924 276 111 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Beech (Fagus sylvatica).          | Fax: 01924 280    |
|              |                                   | 193, email:       |
|              | Minimum order £250 + VAT          | timber.north@     |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | lathams.co.uk     |
|              |                                   | NORTHERN ENGLAND  |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| James Latham | *AS ABOVE*                        | Ian Milne         |
|              |                                   |                   |
| Midland      |                                   | Tel: 0116 288     |
|              |                                   | 9161              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | LEICESTERSHIRE    |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| James Latham | *AS ABOVE*                        | Terry Palmer      |
|              |                                   |                   |
| Western      |                                   | Tel: 01454 315    |
|              |                                   | 421               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | BRISTOL           |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Jeffrey      | UK grown                          | Trevor Walker     |
| Walker & Co. |                                   |                   |
|              | Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra)       | Tel 01302 711 175 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris).    | fax: 01302 751    |
|              |                                   | 884. DONCASTER    |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| John Boddy   | European Oak (Quercus petraea)    | Martin Fletcher   |
| Timber Ltd.  |                                   |                   |
|              | European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) | Tel 01423 322     |
|              |                                   | 370. YORKSHIRE    |
|              | European steamed Beech (Fagus     |                   |
|              | sylvatica), European White Beech  |                   |
|              | (Fagus sylvatica).                |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| John Gordon  | Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)     | Paul              |
| & Sons       |                                   | Partkin/Willie    |
|              | Stika Spruce (Picea sitchensis)   | McLean            |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Other species such as:            | Tel: 01667 453    |
|              |                                   | 223               |
|              | Larch (Larix spp)                 |                   |
|              |                                   | SCOTLAND          |
|              | Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga          |                   |
|              | menziesii)                        |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Norway Spruce (Picea abies)       |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Kerr Timber  | Spruce (Picea abies)              | James Kerr        |
| Products     |                                   |                   |
|              | Larch (Larix spp).                | Tel 01461 201     |
|              |                                   | 622. SCOTLAND     |
|              | Sawn timber for fencing.          |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Marsholm     | Oak (Quercus spp.),               | John McCabe       |
| Ltd. Agents  |                                   |                   |
| for Tulip    | Polish Pine (Pinus spp.)          | Tel +353 (0)1 280 |
| Timber       |                                   | 7451 email:       |
|              | Polish Redwood,                   | john.mccabe@      |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Beech (Fagus sylvatica),          | indigo.ie.        |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Alder (Alnus spp.)                | IRELAND           |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Birch (Betula spp.)               |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Masons       | Spruce (Picea abies)              | Paul Steenberg    |
| Timber       |                                   |                   |
| Products     | Pine (Pinus sylvestris).          | Tel 0115 911 3500 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | fax 0115 911 3519 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | email,            |
|              |                                   | mail@ma           |
|              |                                   | sons-timber.co.uk |
|              |                                   | NOTTINGHAM        |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Montague L.  | Spruce (Picea abies)              | Sales on 0151 422 |
| Meyer        |                                   | 2000. UK          |
|              | Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)     |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Norex Forest | A wide variety of European        | David Judd        |
| Products     | hardwoods .                       |                   |
| Ltd.         |                                   | Tel 01737 814     |
|              |                                   | 567. SURREY       |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Northwood    | Spruce (Picea abies)              | Alistair Brown    |
| Forest       |                                   |                   |
| Products Ltd | Redwood (Pinus sylvestris),       | Tel 01275 794     |
|              |                                   | 441. BRISTOL      |
|              | Sawn and planed, minimum 60m3.    |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Ore          | European Whitewood (Picea abies)  | Peter Burns       |
| gon-Canadian |                                   |                   |
|              | European Redwood (Pinus           | Tel 0161 790 6754 |
|              | sylvestris).                      |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 0161 702     |
|              |                                   | 5727              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | email: ore-can@   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | easynet.co.uk     |
|              |                                   | NORTHERN ENGLAND  |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Palmer       | Swedish Redwood (Pinus            | Peter Hill or     |
| Timber       | sylvestris)                       |                   |
|              |                                   | Ian Cox           |
|              | Swedish Whitewood (Picea abies)   |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 0121 559      |
|              | Sawn and machined.                | 5511,             |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 0121 561     |
|              |                                   | 4562, email:      |
|              |                                   | sales@            |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | pa                |
|              |                                   | lmertimber.co.uk. |
|              |                                   | WEST MIDLANDS     |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Pila         | Beech (Fagus sylvatica),          | Alan Beaumont,    |
| Olomucany    |                                   |                   |
| Sawmill &    | Spruce (Picea spp.),              | UK Agent          |
| Masaryk      |                                   |                   |
| Forest       | and a variety of other European   | Tel: 01737 766    |
| (Agent)      | hard and soft woods.              | 692               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Full containers only.             | Fax 01737 772     |
|              |                                   | 750.              |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Plashett     | 1,800 hoppus cubic feet Oak       | James Noble       |
| Wood         | (Quercus robur) and ¾ ha Scots    |                   |
|              | Pine (Pinus sylvestris)           | Tel 01273 401     |
|              |                                   | 590.              |
|              | Round or sawn timber.             |                   |
|              |                                   | SOUTH EAST        |
|              |                                   | ENGLAND           |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Ridings      | UK grown Spruce (Picea abies).    | Frank Riding      |
| Sawmill      |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 01389 841     |
|              |                                   | 263. UK           |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| SCA Timber   | Scandinavian Redwood (Pinus       | Stephen King      |
| (UK) Ltd.    | sylvestris) Whitewood             |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 01724 784 784 |
|              | Sawn timber                       | 719 fax 01724 784 |
|              |                                   | 719               |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Smee Timber  | European Beech (Fagus sylvatica)  | T. Collins or     |
| Ltd          |                                   |                   |
|              | Cherry (Prunus spp)               | R Loveridge       |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Black Walnut (Juglans niger)      | Tel 01606 555500  |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | White and Red Oak (Quercus spp)   | UK                |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Poplar (Populus spp)              |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Swiftwood    | Sawn and machined timber and      | Peter Fielding    |
| Imports Ltd  | PARS. Supply to builders          |                   |
|              | merchants - ask for nearest       | Tel: 01945 469    |
|              | outlet.                           | 200               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Scandinavian Redwood (Pinus       | Fax: 01945 581    |
|              | sylvestris)                       | 203               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Spruce (Picea abies)              | Email:            |
|              |                                   | sale              |
|              |                                   | s@swiftwood.co.uk |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | CAMBRIDGE         |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Taylormade   | Home-grown softwood fencing, 70%  | Doug Wentworth    |
| Timber       | FSC, trade only.                  |                   |
| Products     |                                   | Tel: 0191 372     |
|              |                                   | 0524              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 0191 372     |
|              |                                   | 2880              |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Taylor       | All European softwoods            | Bob Haydock       |
| Maxwell      |                                   |                   |
| Timber Ltd.  | Minimum 25m3.                     | Tel 0117 974 1382 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | UK                |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Teifi Timber | Larch (Larix spp.)                | Gerwyn Thomas     |
| Products     |                                   |                   |
|              | Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga          | Tel: 01559 395    |
|              | menziesii),                       | 325               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Spruce (Picea abies)              | Fax: 01559 395    |
|              |                                   | 448. MID-WALES    |
|              | and other mixed softwoods         |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Tillhill     | Ash (Fraxinus spp)                | Grace Balfour     |
| Economic     |                                   |                   |
| Forestry     | Beech (Fagus sylvatica)           | Tel 01835 863     |
|              |                                   | 244. SCOTLAND     |
|              | Oak (Quercus spp)                 |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Pine (Pinus spp.)                 |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Larch (Larix spp.)                |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga          |                   |
|              | menziesii)                        |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)   |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Norway Spruce (Picea abies).      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Standing timber only              |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Timber       | Primarily Spruce (Picea abies)    | Robert Lear       |
| Direct       |                                   |                   |
| (Agents)     | Sawn timber                       | Tel 01691 622 681 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | UK                |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Timbmet Ltd. | European Redwood (Pinus           | Benédicte         |
|              | sylvestris)                       | Masson-Deblaize   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Beech (Fagus sylvatica).          | Tel 01865 862 223 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax 01865 864     |
|              |                                   | 825. OXFORD       |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Windymains   | Softwood construction timber,     | James Harrison    |
| Sawmills Ltd | minimum order 1 lorry-load.       |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel: 01875 833    |
|              |                                   | 602               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | SCOTLAND          |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Wickes       | Pine (Pinus spp.)                 | Available at      |
| Building     |                                   | stores across the |
| Supplies     | Spruce (Picea abies)              | UK.               |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Woodland     | Various UK round and sawn timbers | Tim Hodges        |
| Trust        | (particularly Oak)                |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 01424 773 160 |
|              |                                   | UK                |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| A. Van Den   | **[TROPICAL                       | Mr. A.J.Stout     |
| Berg B.V.    | HARDWOODS]{.underline}**          |                   |
| (Im          |                                   | Tel +31 348 68 41 |
| port/Export) | Abiurana (Pouteria guianensis)    |                   |
|              |                                   | 00                |
|              | Acaricaura (Minquartia            |                   |
|              | guianensis)                       | Fax: +31 348 68   |
|              |                                   | 81 42. UK         |
|              | Amapa (Tabebuia spp.),            |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Angelim da Campina (Aldina        |                   |
|              | heterophylla)                     |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Angelim fava (Parkia pendula)     |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Angelim pedra (Hymenolobium       |                   |
|              | modestum) Angelim vermelho        |                   |
|              | (Dinizia excelsa)                 |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Arura vermelho (Iryanthera        |                   |
|              | grandis)                          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Cardeiro or Cedrinho (Scleronema  |                   |
|              | micranthum) Cumaru (Dipteryx      |                   |
|              | odorata)                          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Cupiuba (Goupia glabra)           |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Fava (Vataireopsis speciosa)      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Favinha (Enterolobium             |                   |
|              | schomburgki)                      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Guariuba (Clarisia racemosa)      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Ipe (Tabebuia inpetiginosa)       |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Jarana (Holopyxidium jarana)      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril)       |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Louro amarelo (Ocotea spp.)       |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Louro faia (Foupala montana)      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Louro Gamela (Nectandra rubra)    |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Louro itauba (Mezilaurus itauba)  |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Massaranduba (Manilkara huberi)   |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Muiracatiara (Astronium           |                   |
|              | leicontei),                       |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Muirapiranga (Brosimum rubescens) |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Piquia (Caryocar villosum)        |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Piquia Marfim (Aspidosperma       |                   |
|              | desmanthum)                       |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Sucupira amarela (Qualea          |                   |
|              | paraensis)                        |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Sucupira                          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Vermelho (Andira unifoliata)      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Uchi-torrado (Sacoglottis         |                   |
|              | guianensis)                       |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Violeta or Purpleheart (Peltogyne |                   |
|              | catingae)                         |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Clarks Wood  | Cupay (Copaifera langsdorfii)     | Geoff Osborne     |
| Company Ltd. |                                   |                   |
|              | Yvra ro (Pterogynenitens)         | Tel 0117 971 6316 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Guatambo (Balfourodendron         | fax 0117 972      |
|              | riedelianum), Peroba              | 3119. LONDON &    |
|              | (Aspidosperma plyneuron)          |                   |
|              |                                   | BRISTOL           |
|              | Curanai from Yaguarete Forests,   |                   |
|              | Paraguay; Santa Maria             |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Mahogany from Guatemala.          |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Ecotimber    | Amboyna (Pterocarpus indicus)     | Hubert Kwisthout  |
| (Agent)      |                                   |                   |
|              | Andira (Andira spp.)              | Tel 029 20707 444 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Angelim (Hymenolobium spp.)       | fax 029 20711 133 |
|              |                                   | CARDIFF           |
|              | Black Sucupira (Bowdichia nitida; |                   |
|              | Diplotropis),                     |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Breu (Protium spp.)               |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Calophyllum (Calophyllum          |                   |
|              | kajewski)                         |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Cardeiro (Sclernoema spp.)        |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Cumaru (Dipterix spp.)            |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Cupiuba (Goupia glabra)           |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Guariuba (Claricia racemosa)      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Ipe (Tabebuia spp.)               |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Itauba (Mezilaurus spp.)          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Jarana (Lecythis spp.)            |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Jatoba (Hymenaea spp.)            |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)   |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Kwila (Intsia Bijuga)             |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Piquia Marfim (Aspidosperma spp.) |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Louro (Nectandra spp., Ocotea     |                   |
|              | Spp.)                             |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Mandio (Qualea spp.)              |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Massaranduba (Manilkara spp.)     |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Melancieira (Alexa grandiflora)   |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Pacific Mahogany (Palaquium spp.) |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Piquia (Caryocar spp.),           |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.)      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Red Angelim (Dinizia excelsa)     |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Red Arura (Iryanthera spp.)       |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Red Louro (Ocotea rubra)          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Taun (Pometia pinnata)            |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Uchi Torrado (Sacoglottis         |                   |
|              | guianensis)                       |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Yellow Louro (Aniba spp.)         |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Zebrawood (Astronium graveolens)  |                   |
|              | from Brazil and the Pacific.      |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| I            | Tallow wood (Eucalyptus           | Thomas Barnes     |
| nternational | microcorus)                       |                   |
| Timber       |                                   | Tel: 0161 848     |
|              | Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)   | 2900              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Jatoba (Hymenaea spp.)            | Fax: 0161 848     |
|              |                                   | 2901              |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Email:            |
|              |                                   | thomas.b          |
|              |                                   | arnes@meyer.co.uk |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | NORTHERN IRELAND  |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| James Latham | Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)   | Mark Smith or     |
| Northern     | amongst other species.            |                   |
|              |                                   | Alan Spurr        |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 01924 276 111 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | fax: 01924 280    |
|              |                                   | 193, email:       |
|              |                                   | timber.north@     |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | lathams.co.uk.    |
|              |                                   | NORTHERN ENGLAND  |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Just World   | Wide variety of species of        | John Canning      |
| Trading      | tropical timber                   |                   |
| (Shippers    |                                   | Tel 0131 663 7478 |
| Agent)       | from Latin America and the South  |                   |
|              | Pacific.                          | Fax 0131 663      |
|              |                                   | 7433. EDINBURGH   |
|              | Some samples are available for    |                   |
|              | potential customers to carry out  |                   |
|              | meaningful tests on these         |                   |
|              | species.                          |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Karl Danzer  | Sawn timber, 30 cubic meter       | Ken Walsh         |
| Ltd          | minimum order                     |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel: 01621 851    |
|              | Santa Maria (Calophyllum          | 002               |
|              | brasiliense)                      |                   |
|              |                                   | ESSEX             |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Norex Forest | A wide variety of tropical        | David Judd        |
| Products     | hardwoods including Teak (Tectona |                   |
| Ltd.         | grandis).                         | Tel 01737 814     |
|              |                                   | 567. SURREY       |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Timbmet Ltd. | Various tropical hardwoods        | Benédicte         |
|              | including                         | Masson-Deblaize   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Amapa (Tabeburia spp.),           | Tel 01865 862 223 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Cambara (Erisma uncinatum)        | fax 01865 864     |
|              |                                   | 825. OXFORD       |
|              | Cedar (Cedrela odorata),          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Cuta (Phyllostylon rhamoides),    |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Gmelina (Gmelina arborea),        |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Guariuba (Clarisia spp.),         |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril),      |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Kamarere (Eucalyptus deglupta),   |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor),  |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Qualea or Sucupira Amarela        |                   |
|              | (Qualea paraensis),               |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Santa Maria (Calophyllum          |                   |
|              | brasiliense).                     |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+

+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
|              | **NORTH AMERICAN HARDWOODS &      |                   |
|              | SOFTWOODS**                       |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| C. Blumson   | American Cherry (Prunus serotina) | Nick Armon-Jones  |
| Ltd.         |                                   |                   |
|              | Hard White Maple (Acer saccharum) | Tel 0208 594      |
|              |                                   | 5175,             |
|              | Red Oak (Quercus rubra)           |                   |
|              |                                   | fax 0208 594      |
|              | Yellow Birch (Betula              | 1089. LONDON      |
|              | alleghaniensis)                   |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Soft Maple (Acer rubrum)          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | White Oak (Quercus alba)          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Ash (Fraxinus americana)          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Eastern White Pine (Pinus         |                   |
|              | strobus)                          |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Clarks Wood  | American Cherry (Prunus serotina) | Geoff Osborne     |
| Company Ltd. |                                   |                   |
|              | Oak (Quercus spp)                 | Tel 0117 971 6316 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Hard White Maple (Acer saccharum) | fax 0117 972      |
|              |                                   | 3119. LONDON &    |
|              | Soft Maple (Acer spp.)            |                   |
|              |                                   | BRISTOL           |
|              | Ash (Fraxinus americana)          |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Yellow Birch (Betula              |                   |
|              | alleghaniensis)                   |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Tulipwood (Liriodendron           |                   |
|              | tulipifera)                       |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Duffield     | Wide variety of North American    | Duncan Lees       |
| Timber       | timbers. Full packs only.         |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel: 01765 640    |
|              |                                   | 564               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Fax: 01765 640    |
|              |                                   | 750               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | YORKSHIRE         |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| I            | White Oak (Quercus spp.)          | Thomas Barnes     |
| nternational |                                   |                   |
| Timber       | Hard Maple (Acer saccharum)       | Tel 0161 848 2900 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Cherry (Prunus spp.).             | fax 0161 848      |
|              |                                   | 2901, email:      |
|              |                                   | thomas.barnes@    |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | meyer.co.uk.      |
|              |                                   | NORTHERN ENGLAND  |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| James Latham | Ash (Fraxinus spp.)               | Mark Smith or     |
| Northern     |                                   |                   |
|              | Maple (Acer spp.)                 | Alan Spurr        |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | and other species available.      | Tel 01924 276 111 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | fax: 01924 280    |
|              |                                   | 193, email:       |
|              |                                   | timber.north@     |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | lathams.co.uk     |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | NORTH ENGLAND     |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| John Boddy   | Sawn and planed American Hard     | Martin Fletcher   |
| Timber Ltd.  | Maple (Acer saccharum),           |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 01423 322     |
|              | American White Ash (Fraxinus      | 370. YORKSHIRE    |
|              | americana) American White Oak     |                   |
|              | (Quercus alba)                    |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | American Red Oak (Quercus rubra)  |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | American Yellow Birch (Betula     |                   |
|              | alleghaniensis) American Cherry   |                   |
|              | (Prunus serotina),                |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | American Tulipwood/ Poplar        |                   |
|              | (Liriodendron tulipifera)         |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Norex Forest | A wide variety of sawn hardwoods  | David Judd        |
| Products Ltd | and softwoods.                    |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel: 01737 814    |
|              |                                   | 567               |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | SURREY            |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Ore          | White Oak (Quercus alba)          | Peter Burns       |
| gon-Canadian |                                   |                   |
|              | Red Oak (Quercus rubra)           | Tel 0161 790 6754 |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Ash (Fraxinus spp.)               | fax: 0161 702     |
|              |                                   | 5727, email:      |
|              | Cherry (Prunus spp.)              | ore-can@          |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Hard Maple (Acer saccharum)       | easynet.co.uk.    |
|              |                                   | NORTHERN ENGLAND  |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Smee Timber  | American Ash (Fraxinus spp),      | T. Collins or     |
| Ltd.         | Maple (Acer spp).                 |                   |
|              |                                   | R Loveridge       |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 01606 555500. |
|              |                                   | CHESHIRE          |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+
| Timbmet Ltd. | Cherry (Prunus serotina)          | Benédicte         |
|              |                                   | Masson-Deblaize   |
|              | Ash (Fraxinus americana)          |                   |
|              |                                   | Tel 01865 862 223 |
|              | American Red Oak (Quercus spp.)   |                   |
|              |                                   | fax 01865 864     |
|              | White Oak (Quercus spp.)          | 825. OXFORD       |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Maple (Acer spp.)                 |                   |
|              |                                   |                   |
|              | Poplar or Tulipwood (Liriodendron |                   |
|              | tulipifera). Other species        |                   |
|              | available through consultation.   |                   |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+

**APPENDIX C:**

**Contacts and web sites:**

DEFRA Greening Government Web site:

<http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/greening/greenpro/timber/buyers/index.htm>

FSC UK: Unit D, Old Station Building, Llanidloes, Powys, SY18 6EB.

Tel 01686 413916

<http://www.fsc-uk.demon.co.uk/>

SALVO: 18 Ford Village, Berwick-upon-Tweed, TD15 2QG.

Tel 01890-820333

WWF 1995+ Group: Branksome House, Filmer Grove, Godalming, Surrey, GU7
3AB.

Tel 01483 419278

UKWAS: Forestry Commission website:
[http://www.forestry.gov.uk](http://www.forestry.gov.uk/)

Stuart Goodall, UKWAS Support Unit, Tel: 0131 314 6367

###### APPENDIX D

**Notes on strong and durable timbers available with FSC certification**

+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| **Name**  | **The     | **S       | **Dur     | **Uses**  | **Notes** |
|           | timber**  | trength** | ability** |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Peroba    | Hard,     | Heavier & | Durable   | F         |           |
| *(Asp     | m         | harder    |           | urniture, |           |
| idosperma | oderately | than      |           | joinery,  |           |
| pol       | heavy,    | English   |           | flooring, |           |
| yneuron)* | 7         | Oak, same |           | sleepers. |           |
|           | 70kg/m^3^ | s         |           |           |           |
| also      |           | tiffness, |           |           |           |
| known as  |           | but       |           |           |           |
|           |           | bending   |           |           |           |
| Peroba    |           | strength  |           |           |           |
| Rosa      |           | of        |           |           |           |
|           |           | selected  |           |           |           |
|           |           | material  |           |           |           |
|           |           | is 30%    |           |           |           |
|           |           | better.   |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Lapacho   | 9         | Hard,     | Very      | Bridges,  | An        |
| *         | 60kg/m^3^ | tough and | Durable,  | naval     | al        |
| (Tabebuia | to        | strong.   | very high | con       | ternative |
| spp.)*    | 12        |           | r         | struction | to        |
| also      | 00kg/m^3^ |           | esistance | & dock    | Gr        |
| known as  |           |           | to        | work.     | eenheart. |
| Ipe       |           |           | insects   |           |           |
|           |           |           | and       |           |           |
|           |           |           | decay.    |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Vitex     | 7         | Hard,     | Durable   | Sawn      |           |
|           | 20kg/m^3^ | fairly    |           | con       |           |
| *(Vitex   | to        | heavy.    |           | struction |           |
| spp.)*    | 8         |           |           | timber,   |           |
|           | 80kg/m^3^ |           |           | sleepers, |           |
|           |           |           |           | heavy     |           |
|           |           |           |           | decking   |           |
|           |           |           |           | for       |           |
|           |           |           |           | bridges & |           |
|           |           |           |           | wharves,  |           |
|           |           |           |           | posts,    |           |
|           |           |           |           | piles.    |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Kwila     | 7         |           | Durable   | Heavy     |           |
|           | 50kg/m^3^ |           |           | Cons      |           |
| *(Intsia  | to        |           |           | truction, |           |
| bijuga)*  | 8         |           |           | flooring, |           |
|           | 30kg/m^3^ |           |           | sleepers. |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Manni     | 7         | Similiar  | Durable   | General   |           |
| *(        | 05kg/m^3^ | to        |           | cons      |           |
| Symphonia |           | American  |           | truction, |           |
| glob      |           | White Oak |           | piling in |           |
| ulifera)* |           |           |           | fresh     |           |
|           |           |           |           | water,    |           |
|           |           |           |           | sleepers  |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Santa     | 6         | For its   | Very      | General   | Sometimes |
| Maria     | 10kg/m^3^ | density   | Durable   | cons      | mistaken  |
| *(Ca      |           | Santa     |           | truction, | for       |
| lophyllum |           | Maria is  |           | bridge    | Mahogany  |
| brasi     |           | one of    |           | building, | but is    |
| liensis)* |           | the       |           | shingles, | heavier,  |
|           |           | stronger  |           | flooring, | stronger  |
|           |           | woods in  |           | ship      | and more  |
|           |           | its       |           | b         | durable   |
|           |           | class. It |           | uiliding. | in some   |
|           |           | exceeds   |           |           | uses.     |
|           |           | Mahogany  |           |           |           |
|           |           | in all    |           |           |           |
|           |           | strength  |           |           |           |
|           |           | prope     |           |           |           |
|           |           | rties\... |           |           |           |
|           |           | c         |           |           |           |
|           |           | omparable |           |           |           |
|           |           | to        |           |           |           |
|           |           | American  |           |           |           |
|           |           | White     |           |           |           |
|           |           | Oak.      |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| English   | Oak grown | Very      | Durable   | .. when   | Adjacent  |
| Oak       | in the UK | strong.   |           | well      | metals    |
|           | is        |           |           | grown and | should be |
| *(Quercus | heavier   |           |           | well      | protected |
| robur)*   | than that |           |           | graded is | by        |
|           | from      |           |           | the       | suitable  |
|           | Europe at |           |           | finest of | coatings  |
|           | 7         |           |           | timbers.  | or be     |
|           | 20kg/m^3^ |           |           | There is  | non       |
|           |           |           |           | none      | -ferrous. |
|           |           |           |           | better    |           |
|           |           |           |           | for boat  |           |
|           |           |           |           | building, |           |
|           |           |           |           | for such  |           |
|           |           |           |           | purposes  |           |
|           |           |           |           | as        |           |
|           |           |           |           | keels\... |           |
|           |           |           |           | for       |           |
|           |           |           |           | docks,    |           |
|           |           |           |           | harbours  |           |
|           |           |           |           | and sea   |           |
|           |           |           |           | defence   |           |
|           |           |           |           | work\...  |           |
|           |           |           |           | and for   |           |
|           |           |           |           | all       |           |
|           |           |           |           | purposes  |           |
|           |           |           |           | of        |           |
|           |           |           |           | exposure  |           |
|           |           |           |           | and in    |           |
|           |           |           |           | contact   |           |
|           |           |           |           | with the  |           |
|           |           |           |           | ground.   |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Balata    | Hard and  | Extremely | Very      | Heavy,    | Also      |
| *(        | dense,    | strong,   | Durable   | marine    | known as  |
| Manilkara | 11        | similiar  |           | and       | B         |
| spp)*     | 20kg/m^3^ | to        |           | bridge    | ulletwood |
|           | when dry  | Gr        |           | con       |           |
|           |           | eenheart. |           | struction |           |
|           |           |           |           | etc.      |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Source:   |           |           |           |           |           |
| TRADA     |           |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+