![](media/image1.pct){width="4.819444444444445in"
height="4.819444444444445in"}

**Figure 1**. Increase of model-measurement bias with water vapor in six
discrete spectral bands during the 1997 DOE ARM Shortwave IOP.

![](media/image2.pct){width="6.0in" height="2.8in"}

**Figure 2**. SSFR downwelling (red) and upwelling (blue) solar spectral
irradiance, and the net spectral irradiance (green) at 1700 GMT on 20
March 2000 during ARESEII.

![](media/image3.pct)

**Figure 3**. Left panel: Profiles of aerosol optical depth at four
selected AATS-14 wavelengths (380, 500, 864 and 1558 nm) measured in
ACE-2 south of the coast of Tenerife. Right panel: Aerosol extinction
profiles derived by differentiating the profiles in the left panel.
(Schmid et al., 2000b)

![](media/image4.pct){width="5.997222222222222in"
height="6.821527777777778in"}

**Figure 4**. (a) Scatter diagram of aerosol optical depth retrieved
from AVHRR on the NOAA-14 satellite versus that measured by various
photometers at the surface (Durkee et al., 2000). (b) Comparison of
aerosol optical depth spectra measured in ACE-2 by AATS-14 on the
Pelican aircraft and AVHRR on the NOAA-14 Satellite, July 17, 1997.
(Livingston et al., 2000; Schmid et al., 2000). (c) As in (b), for
AATS-6 on the R/V Vodyanitskiy ship, AATS-14 on the Pelican aircraft,
and AVHRR on the NOAA-14 Satellite, July 10, 1997.

![](media/image5.pct)

**Figure 5.** Latitude transects of aerosol optical depth and Ångström
wavelength exponent as derived from the AATS-6 sunphotometer aboard the
UW C-131A, the ATSR-2, and the AVHRR. (a) AVHRR retrieved aerosol
optical depth for channel 1 (0.64 µm) and sunphotometer derived aerosol
optical depth at 0.64 µm. (b) same as (a) but for ATSR-2 retrieved
aerosol optical depth at 0.525 µm and sunphotometer derived aerosol
optical depth at this wavelength; (c) Ångström wavelength exponent as
derived from AVHRR and from sunphotometer data; (d) same as (c) but for
Ångström wavelength exponent as derived from ATSR-2 and from
sunphotometer data (Veefkind et al., 1999).

![](media/image6.pct){width="2.748611111111111in"
height="1.9361111111111111in"}![](media/image7.pct){width="2.748611111111111in"
height="1.9548611111111112in"}

**Figure 6.** Aerosol optical thickness measured by sunphotometer
(AATS-6) aboard the C-131A aircraft and derived from MAS data as a
function of wavelength. Top frame: Comparison at 37.49°N/74.16°W around
1830UTC. Bottom frame: The sunphotometer data were acquired over point
at 38.20°N/73.98°W at 1842UTC. The optical thicknesses derived from the
MAS are averaged over a geographical area defined by points located at
38.17°N/74.0°W and 38.27°N/74.1°W; the time of the acquisition was
around 1830UTC (Tanre et al., 1999).

![](media/image8.pct){width="4.261111111111111in" height="3.53125in"}

**Figure 7**. Left panel: Profile of the columnar water vapor above the
Pelican aircraft measured in ACE-2 south of the coast of Tenerife. Right
panel: Water vapor density derived by differentiating the profile in the
left panel. Also shown for comparison is the profile obtained by
combining readings of a humidograph and outside temperature on Pelican
(humidograph data courtesy of S. Gasso, University of Washington).
(Schmid et al., 2000)

![](media/image9.pct){width="3.671527777777778in"
height="3.095833333333333in"}

**Figure 8**. Comparison between aerosol-induced change in downwelling
solar flux derived from C-130 pyranometer measurements (data points) and
calculated (curves) for size distributions retrieved from sunphotometer
optical depth spectra using an aqueous sulfate real refractive index and
a range of imaginary indexes to give the (550) values shown. The error
bar (cross) shows the uncertainty in flux change and broadband visible
optical depth determined from the C-130 pyranometer measurements
(Russell, et al., 1999b).

![](media/image10.pct){width="4.635416666666667in"
height="3.7645833333333334in"}

**Figure 9**. Comparison of marine boundary layer aerosol size
distributions from in situ measurements and inverted from AATS-14
extinction spectra measured on Pelican flight tf15 in ACE 2 on July 17,
1997. Dashed lines indicate uncertainty of the in situ results (Schmid
et al., 2000).

![](media/image11.pct){width="5.10625in" height="3.745833333333333in"}

**Figure 10**. Comparison of aerosol optical depth spectra for the
marine boundary layer (31-1111 m) during Pelican flight tf20 in ACE 2 on
July 8, 1997 (Schmid et al., 2000).