> **PIRATA References**
>
> ***Peer-reviewed***
>
> **2008**
>
> Bourlès, B., and Coauthors, 2008: The PIRATA Program: History,
> Accomplishments, and Future Directions. *Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.,*
> 89(8), 1111-1125, doi/10.1175/2008BAMS2462.1, 2008.

Bourras, D., and Coauthors, 2008: Turbulent air-sea fluxes in the Gulf
of Guinea during the EGEE-AMMA experiment. En revision, J. Geophys. Res,
2008.

> Brandt, P., V. Hormann, B. Bourlès, J. Fischer, F. A. Schott, L.
> Stramma and M. Dengler, 2008: Oxygen tongues and zonal currents in the
> equatorial Atlantic. *J. Geophys. Res*., **113**, C04012,
> doi:10.1029/2007JC004435.

Bunge L., C. Provost, L. Hua and A. Kartavstseff, 2008: Variability at
intermediate depths at the equator in the Atlantic Ocean in 2000-2006:
annual cycle, equatorial deep jets and intraseasonal meridional velocity
fluctuations *J. Phys. Oceanogr.* doi:10.1175/2008JPO3781.1, 2008.

Drévillon, M., and Coauthors, 2008: The GODAE/Mercator-Ocean global
ocean forecasting system: results, applications and prospects, *J. Op.
Oceanogr.*, **1** (1), 51-57, 2008.

> Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden, 2008: Impact of Saharan dust on
> tropical North Atlantic SST. *J. Climate*, **in press**.
>
> Han, W., P.J. Webster, J.L. Lin, W.T. Liu, R. Fu, D. Yuan, and A. Hu,
> 2008: Dynamics of Intraseasonal Sea Level and Thermocline Variability
> in the Equatorial Atlantic during 2002--03. *J. Phys. Oceanogr.*,
> \***38**\*, 945--967.

Janicot, S., and Coauthors, 2008: Large-scale overview of the summer
monsoon over West and Central Africa during AMMA field experiment in
2006. *Annales Geophysicae,* **26**, 2569-2595, 2008.

Kolodziejczyk, N., B.Bourlès, F.Marin, J.Grelet & R.Chuchla, 2008: The
seasonal variability of the Equatorial Undercurrent and the South
Equatorial Undercurrent at 10°W as inferred from recent in situ
observations, *J. Geophys. Res*., **in revision**.

> Lebel, T., and Coauthors, 2008: The AMMA field campaigns: Multiscale
> and multidisciplinary observations in the West African region.
> *Annales Geophys.,* **submitted**.
>
> Lefèvre, N., A. Guillot, L. Beaumont, and T. Ganguy, 2008: Variability
> of fCO~2~ in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic from a moored buoy. *J.
> Geophys. Res.*, **113**, C01015, doi:10.1029/2007JC004146.

Marin, F. G.Caniaux, B.Bourlès, H.Giordani, Y.Gouriou and E. Key,2008:
Why were sea surface temperature so different in the eastern equatorial
Atlantic in June 2005 and 2006, *J.Phys. Ocean.*, **in revision**.

Reverdin, G., F. Marin, B.Bourlès and P. L'Herminier, XBT temperature
errors during French research cruises (1999-2007). *J. Atm. Oc. Tech.*,
B.

> Urbano, D. F., R. A. F. De Almeida, and P. Nobre, 2008: Equatorial
> Undercurrent and North Equatorial Countercurrent at 38°W: A new
> perspective from direct velocity data, *J. Geophys. Res*., **113**,
> C04041, doi:10.1029/2007JC004215.
>
> von Schuckmann, K., P. Brandt, C. Eden, 2008: Generation of Tropical
> Instability Waves in the Atlantic Ocean, *J. Geophys. Res*.,
> **accepted Mar. 2008**.
>
> **2007**
>
> Balmaseda, M.A., D,P.Dee, A.P. Vidard, & D.L.T. Anderson, 2007: A
> multivariate treatment of bias for sequential data assimilation:
> Application to the Tropical Oceans. *Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc*.,
> **133(**622), 167-179.
>
> Clayson, C. A., and D. Weitlich, 2007: Variability of tropical diurnal
> sea surface temperature. *J. Climate*, **20**, 334-352.
>
> Etienne, H., and M. Benkiran, 2007: Multivariate assimilation in
> Mercator project: New statistical parameters from forecast error
> estimation. *J. Mar. Sys.*, **65**(1-4), 430-449.
>
> Vidard, A., D. L. T. Anderson, and M. Balmaseda, 2007:  Impact of
> ocean observation systems on ocean analysis and seasonal forecasts.
> *Mon. Weather Rev*., **135**(2), 409-429.
>
> Yu, L., R.A. Weller, 2007: Objectively Analyzed air-sea heat Fluxes
> (OAFlux) for the global ice-free oceans. *Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc*.,
> **88**(4), 527-539.
>
> **2006**
>
> Arhan, M., A.M. Tréguier, B. Bourlès, and S. Michel, 2006: Diagnosing
> the annual cycle of the equatorial undercurrent in the Atlantic ocean
> from a general circulation model. *J. Phys. Oceanogr*., **36**,
> 1502-1522.
>
> Bunge L., C. Provost, J. Lilly, M. D'Orgeville, A. Kartavtseff and
> J.L. Melice, 2006: Structure of the horizontal velocity in the first
> 1600 m of the water column at the equator in the Atlantic at 10 W,
> *J.Phys..Oceanogr*., **36**, 1287-1304.
>
> Brandt, P., F.A. Schott, C. Provost, A. Kartavtseff, V. Hormann, B.
> Bourlès, and J. Fischer, 2006: Circulation in the central equatorial
> Atlantic: Mean and intraseasonal to seasonal variability. *Geophys.
> Res. Lett.,* **33**(7), doi/10.1029/2005GL025498.
>
> Chang, P., T. Yamagata, P. Schopf, S.K. Behera, J. Carton, W.E.
> Kessler, G. Meyers, T. Qu, F. Schott, S. Shetye, and S.P. Xie, 2006:
> Climate fluctuations of Tropical Coupled Systems -- The Role of Ocean
> Dynamics. *J. Climate (Special Section)*, **19**, 5122-5174.
>
> Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden, 2006: Unusually warm sea surface
> temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic during 2005. *Geophys.
> Res. Lett*.*,* **33***,* L19703, doi:10.1029/2006GL027394.
>
> Okumura, Y., and S.P. Xie, 2006: Some Overlooked Features of Tropical
> Atlantic Climate Leading to a New Niño-Like Phenomenon. *J. Climate,*
> **19**, 5859--5874.
>
> Peter, A.C., M. Le Henaff, Y. du Penhoat, C.E. Menkes, F. Marin, J.
> Vialard, G. Caniaux, and A. Lazar, 2006: A model study of the seasonal
> mixed layer heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic. *J. Geophys.
> Res.*, **111***,* C06014, doi.10.1029/2005JC003157.
>
> Siqueira, L. S. P. and P. Nobre, 2006: Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface
> Temperature and heat flux simulations in a coupled GCM. *Geophys. Res.
> Lett.*, **33**, L15708, doi:10.1029/2006GL026528.
>
> Stockdale, T.N, M.A. Balmaseda, and A.P. Vidard, 2006: Tropical
> Atlantic SST prediction with coupled ocean-atmosphere GCMs. *J.
> Climate,* **19**(23), 6047-6061.
>
> Yu, L., X. Jin, and R.A. Weller, 2006: Role of net surface heat flux
> in seasonal variations of sea surface temperature in the tropical
> Atlantic Ocean. *J. Climate,* **19**, 6153--6169.
>
> **2005**
>
> Brut, A., A.  Butet, P.  Durand, G.  Caniaux, and S.  Planton, 2005:
> Estimations of turbulent air-sea fluxes and their parameterizations
> including airflow distortion corrections from the EQUALANT99 dataset,
> *Quart.  J.  Roy.  Meteor.  Soc.,* **131**, 2497--2538.
>
> Clauzet G., I. Wainer, et J. Servain, 2005: Times-scales of
> variability from the high frequency PIRATA data revealed by wavelet
> analysis. *Braz. J. Meteorol.*, **20**(1), 43-58*.*
>
> Delcroix, T., M.J. McPhaden, A. Dessier, and Y. Gouriou, 2005: Time
> and space scales for sea surface salinity in the tropical oceans.
> *Deep-Sea Res*., **52**, 787-813.
>
> Durand B., Servain J., Laurent H., and Machado L. A., 2005: Tropical
> Atlantic moisture flux, Convection over Northeastern Brazil, and
> pertinence of the PIRATA network, *J. Climate.,* **18(**12),
> 2093-2101.
>
> Enfield, D. and S. Lee, 2005: The heat balance of the western
> hemisphere warm pool. *J. Climate.,* **18**, 2662-2681.
>
> Foltz, G.R., and M.J. McPhaden, 2005: Mixed layer heat balance on
> intraseasonal time scales in the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean.
> *J. Climate*, **18**, 4168-4184.
>
> Giarolla, E., P. Nobre, M. Malagutti, and P. Pezzi, The Atlantic
> Equatorial Undercurrent: PIRATA observations and simulations with GFDL
> Modular Ocean Model at CPTEC, 2005: *Geophys. Res. Lett.,* **32***,*
> L10617, doi:10.1029/2004GL022206.
>
> Grodsky, S., J. Carton, C. Provost, J. Servain, J. Lorenzzetti, and
> M.J. McPhaden, 2005: Tropical instability waves at 0N, 23W in the
> Atlantic: A case study using Pilot Research Moored Array in the
> Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) mooring data. *J. Geophys. Res.,* **110,**
> C08010*,* doi:10.1029/2005JC00294.
>
> Lumpkin R, and Z. Garraffo, 2005: Evaluating the Decomposition of
> Tropical Atlantic Drifter Observations. *J. Atmos. and Oceanic
> Technol.* **22**(9), 1403-1415.
>
> **2004**

Dourado, M., and G. Caniaux, 2004: One-dimensional modelling of the
oceanic boundary layer using PIRATA data at 10S, 10W. *Revista
Brasileira de Meteorologia*, **19(**2), 217-226.

> Foltz, G.R., S.A. Grodsky, J.A. Carton, and M.J. McPhaden, 2004:
> Seasonal salt budget of the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean along
> 38°W. *J. Geophys. Res.,* **109**, C03052, doi:10.1029/2003JC002111.
>
> Foltz G. R., M. J. McPhaden, 2004: The 30-70 day oscillations in the
> tropical Atlantic, *Geophys. Res. Lett.,* **31***, L15205,
> doi:10.1029/2004GL020023*.
>
> Gentemann, C.L., F.J. Wentz, C.A. Mears, and D.K. Smith, 2004: In situ
> validation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission microwave sea
> surface temperatures. *J. Geophys. Res*., **109**, C04021,
> doi:10.1029/2003JC002092.
>
> Jochum, M., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., and Busalacchi, A. J, 2004:
> Tropical instability waves in the Atlantic Ocean. *Ocean Modelling*,
> **7**, 145--163.
>
> Provost, C., S. Arnault, N. Chouaib, A. Kartavtseff, L. Bunge, and E.
> Sultan, 2004: Topex-Poseidon and JASON equatorial sea surface slope
> anomaly in the Atlantic in 2002: comparison with wind and current
> measurements at 23°W. *Mar. Geodesy*, **27**, 31-45.
>
> Serra, Y.L., and M.J. McPhaden, 2004: In Situ Observations of Diurnal
> Variability in Rainfall over the Tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
> *J. Climate*, **17**(18), 3496--3509.
>
> Vauclair, F., du Penhoat, Y., Reverdin, G., 2004: Heat and Mass
> Budgets of the Warm Upper Layer of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean in
> 1979--99. *J. Phys. Oceanogr*., **34(**4), 903--919.

Yu, L. S., R. A. Weller, and B. M. Sun, 2004: Mean and variability of
the WHOI daily latent and sensible heat fluxes at in situ flux
measurement sites in the Atlantic Ocean. *J. Climate.,* **17**(11),
2096-2118.

> Yu, L. S., R. A. Weller, and B. M. Sun, 2004: Improving Latent and
> Sensible Heat Flux Estimates for the Atlantic Ocean (1988--99) by a
> Synthesis Approach. *J. Climate.*, **17(**2), 373--393.
>
> **2003**
>
> Foltz, G.R., S.A. Grodsky, J.A. Carton, and M.J. McPhaden, 2003:
> Seasonal mixed layer heat budget of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. *J.
> Geophys. Res.,* **108**(C5), doi:10.1029/2002JC001584.
>
> Garzoli, S. L., and J. Servain, 2003: CLIVAR workshop on tropical
> Atlantic variability, *Geophys. Res. Lett.,* **30**(5), 8001,
> doi:10.1029/2002GL016823.
>
> Molinari, R. L., S. Bauer, D. Snowden, G. C. Johnson, B. Bourlès, Y.
> Gouriou, and H. Mercier, 2003: A comparison of kinematic evidence for
> tropical cells in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In
> *Interhemispheric Water Exchange in the Atlantic Ocean,* eds. G. J.
> Goni and P. Manalotte-Rizzoli, Elsevier Oceanography Series*,*
> **68,** 269-286.
>
> Schott, F.A., M. Dengler, P. Brandt, K. Affler, J. Fischer, B.
> Bourlès, Y. Gouriou, R.L. Molinari, and M. Rhein, 2003: The zonal
> currents and transports at 35°W in the tropical Atlantic. *Geophys.
> Res. Lett*. **30**(7), 1349, doi:10.1029/2002GL016849.
>
> Serra, Y.L., and M.J. McPhaden*,* 2003: Multiple time- and space-scale
> comparisons of ATLAS buoy rain gauge measurements with TRMM satellite
> precipitation measurements. *J. Applied Meteor.,* **42**(8),
> 1045-1059.
>
> Servain, J., G. Clauzet, and I.C. Wainer*,* 2003: Modes of tropical
> Atlantic climate variability observed by PIRATA, *Geophys. Res.
> Lett*., **30**(5), 8003, doi:10.1029/2002GL01512.
>
> Sun, B., L. Yu, and R.A. Weller, 2003: Comparisons of surface
> meteorology and turbulent heat fluxes over the Atlantic: NWP model
> analyses versus moored buoy observations. *J. Climate,* **16**,
> 679-695.
>
> Vianna, M. L., and V. V. de Menezes, 2003: A seasonal and interannual
> study of the western equatorial Atlantic upper thermocline circulation
> variabilty. In *Interhemispheric Water Exchange in the Atlantic
> Ocean,* eds. G. J. Goni and P. Manalotte-Rizzoli, Elsevier
> Oceanography Series*,* **68,** 137-173.

Wainer, I., G. Clauzet, J. Servain, and J. Soares, 2003: Time scales of
upper ocean temperature variability inferred from the PIRATA data
(1997-2000). *Geophys. Res. Lett*., **30**(5), 8004,
doi:10.1029/2002GL015147.

> Weill, A., and Coauthors, 2003: Toward a Better Determination of
> Turbulent Air--Sea Fluxes from Several Experiments. *J. Climate.*,
> **16**( 4), 600--618.
>
> **2002**
>
> Bourlès, B., M. d'Orgeville, G. Eldin, Y. Gouriou, R. Chuchla, Y.
> DuPenhoat, and S. Arnault, 2002: On the evolution of the thermocline
> and subthermocline eastward currents in the Equatorial Atlantic.
> *Geophys. Res. Lett*.*,* **29**(16), doi:10.1029/2002GL015098, 2002.
>
> Ebuchi N., H.C. Graber, M.J. Caruso, 2002: Evaluation of wind vectors
> observed by QuikSCAT / SeaWinds using ocean buoy data. *J. Atmos.
> Ocean. Technol.,* **19**, 2049--2062.
>
> Troccoli, A., and Coauthors, 2002: Salinity Adjustments in the
> Presence of Temperature Data Assimilation. *Mon. Wea. Rev*.,
> **130(**1), 89--102.
>
> **2001**
>
> Belyaev, K. P., C. A. S. Tanajura, and J. J. O\'Brien, 2001: A data
> assimilation method used with an ocean circulation model and its
> application to the tropical Atlantic, *Applied Mathematical Modeling,*
> **25**(8), 655-670.
>
> Bentamy, A., K.B. Katsaros, W. Drennan, and E.B. Forde, 2001: Daily
> surface wind fields produced by merged satellite data. In Gas Transfer
> at Water Surfaces, E.S. Saltzman, M. Donelan, W. Drennan, and R.
> Wanninkhof (eds.). *AGU Geophysical Monograph Series,* Volume **127**
> (ISBN 0875909868), 343-349.
>
> Serra, Y.L., P. A\'Hearn, H.P. Freitag, and M.J. McPhaden, 2001: ATLAS
> Self-Siphoning Rain Gauge Error Estimates. *J. Atmosph. Ocean.
> Technol.*: **18**(12), 1989--2002.
>
> Vauclair F., Y. du Penhoat, 2001: Interannual variability of the upper
> layer of the tropical Atlantic ocean from in-situ data between 1979
> and 1999, *Climate. Dyn*., **17**, 527-546.
>
> **2000**
>
> Segschneider, J., M. Balmaseda, and D.L.T Anderson, 2000: Anomalous
> temperature and salinity variations in the tropical Atlantic: possible
> causes and implications for the use of altimeter data. *Geophys. Res.
> Lett.,* **27**(15) , 2281.
>
> Servain J., I. Wainer, H.L. Ayina, and H. Roquet, 2000: The
> relationship between the simulated climatic variability modes of the
> tropical Atlantic. *Int. J. Climatol.*, **20**, 939-953.
>
> Wentz, F.J., C. Gentemann, D. Smith, and D. Chelton, 2000: Satellite
> Measurements of Sea Surface Temperature Through Clouds. *Science,*
> **288**: 847-850, 5 May.
>
> **1999**
>
> Pailler, K., B. Bourlès, and Y. Gouriou, 1999: The barrier layer in
> the western tropical Atlantic Ocean. *Geophys. Res. Lett.,*
> **26**(14)*,* 2069-2072.
>
> Servain, J., I. Wainer, J. P. McCreary, and A. Dessier, 1999:
> Relationship between the equatorial and meridional modes of climatic
> variability in the tropical Atlantic, *Geophys. Res. Lett.,*
> **26**(4), 485-488, doi 10.1029/1999GL900014.
>
> **1998**
>
> Hackert, E. C., R. N. Miller, and A. T. Busalacchi, 1998: An optimized
> design for a moored instrument array in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.
> *J. Geophys. Res.,* **103**(C4), 7491-7509.
>
> Servain J., A. Busalacchi, M.J. McPhaden, A.D. Moura, G. Reverdin, M.
> Vianna, and S. Zebiak, 1998: A Pilot Research Moored Array in the
> Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). *Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.,* **79**,
> 2019-2031.
>
> ***Other (Reports, proceedings, etc.)***
>
> **2008**

Bourlès, B., P.Freitag, and M.McPhaden, 2008: Moored buoy networks: The
key to understan-ding the tropical Oceans, *Argos Forum* **#67**,
Novembre 2008.

Hernandez, F., and L. Crosnier, 2008: List of internal metrics for the
MERSEA-GODAE Global Ocean: Specification for implementation. MERSEA WP5.
Project deliverables D5.4.5, ed. by *Mercator Océan*, Toulouse,
MERSEA-WP05-MERCA-STR0015.02A, pp. 75.

Lebel, T. & B. Bourlès, 2008: Le climat tropical de l'Atlantique à
l'Afrique sous l'œil d'AMMA-Catch et PIRATA, *Revue Sciences au Sud de
l'IRD*, **n°45**, juillet-août 2008.

> **2007**
>
> Bourlès, B., P. Brandt, G. Caniaux, M. Dengler, Y. Gouriou, E. Key, R.
> Lumpkin, F. Marin, R.L. Molinari, and C. Schmid, 2007: African Monsoon
> Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA): Special measurements in the
> tropical Atlantic. *CLIVAR Exchanges*, **41**(12), 2, 7-9.
>
> Lau, K. M., and J. M. Kim, 2007: How nature foiled the 2006 hurricane
> forecasts. *EOS Trans. AGU,* **88**, 105-107.
>
> Lebel, T., D. J. Parker, B. Bourlès, A. Diedhiou, A. Gaye, J. Polcher,
> J.-L. Redelsperger, and C. D. Thorncroft, 2007: AMMA field campaigns
> in 2005 and 2006. *GEWEX News*, **17**(1).
>
> **2006**
>
> Ayina, L.H., A. Bentamy, 2006: \"Une approche pour améliorer les flux
> turbulents estimés à partir des mesures satellite\", *Submitted to
> electronic review «Revue de Recherche et d\'application en
> télédétection »
> (*[http://www.teledetection.net/](https://www.ifremer.fr/mail/services/go.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teledetection.net%2F)*)*.

Bourlès B., et al.,2006: Recueil de données Météo-Océaniques récoltées
durant la campagne PIRATA FR12, *Doc. Scient. et Techn. du Centre IRD de
Bretagne, n°2006-01*, *en cours de finalisation*. 

Bunge, L., C. Provost, A. Kartavtseff and B. Bourlès, 2006: Horizontal
velocity variability at 10ºW and 23ºW on the equator, *AGU General
Assembly, Hawaï-USA*.

> Lumpkin, R., R.L. Molinari, and M. JMcPhaden, 2006: A Northeast
> Extension of the PIRATA Array. *White Document, AOML/NOAA, Miami, FL,
> USA*.
>
> Morris, V., P. Clemente-Colón, N.R. Nalli, E. Joseph, R.A. Armstrong,
> Y. Detrés, M.D. Goldberg, P.J. Minnett and R. Lumpkin, 2006: Measuring
> Trans-Atlantic Aerosol Transport from Africa. *EOS Trans . AGU,*
> **87**(50).

Nobre, P., 2006: The PIRATA South Western Extension. *8th International
Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography. Session:
Addressing gaps in SH observing systems. Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil*.

Sato, O. T.; Polito, P. S., 2006:  Long-term trend in the oceanic heat
storage of the South Atlantic estimated from altimeter and PIRATA data.
*8th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and
Oceanography. Session: Role of the SH on oceans and climate. Foz do
Iguaçu, Brazil*.

Urbano, D. F. and P. Nobre, 2006: Velocity field at the PIRATA sites:
Model output vs. observations. *8th International Conference on Southern
Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography. Session: Role of the SH on
oceans and climate. Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil*.

> **2005**
>
> Arhan, M., A. M. Treguier, B. Bourlès, S. Michel, 2005: Diagnosing the
> annual cycle of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Atlantic Ocean from
> a General Circulation model
> *(*[EGU05-A-03458](http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU05/03458/EGU05-J-03458.pdf)*),
> EGU General Assembly, Vienna*.

Balmaseda, M.A., D.P. Dee, A.P. Vidard, and D.L.T. Anderson, 2005: A
Multivariate Treatment of Bias for Sequential Data Assimilation:
Application to the Tropical Oceans. *ECMWF Tech Memorandum No 480*.

> Bidlot, J.R., 2005: Impact of using the actual anemometer height when
> assimilating DRIBU surface wind data. *ECMWF Memorandum Research
> Department,* 14pp.

Bourlès. B, 2005: Environmental Research observatory: PIRATA, summary
document, Report done for the French Commission Scientifique Océan
Atmosphère (CSOA): 44pp.

Caniaux, G., H. Giordani, B. Bourlès and Y. DuPenhoat, 2005: Air-sea
interactions during the EGEE/AMMA experiment: necessary requierements,
*Extended abstract for OSI SAF (Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application
Facility) Workshop, Perros-Guirec, (France)*.

Le Borgne, P., Gérard Legendre, Anne Marsouin, 2005: OSI SAF radiative
fluxes, *Extended abstract for OSI SAF (Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite
Application Facility) Workshop, Perros-Guirec, (France)*.

> Provost, C., N. Chouaib, A. Spadone, L. Bunge, S. Arnault, and E.
> Sultan, 2005: Interannual variability of the zonal sea surface slope
> in the equatorial Atlantic during the 1990s. *Advances in Space Res.*
> *(COSPAR publication),* **37**, 823-831.

Vidard, A., D.L.T. Anderson, and M. Balmaseda, 2005:  Impact of ocean
observation systems on ocean analysis and seasonal forecasts. *ECMWF
Tech Memorandum No 460*.

> **2004**
>
> Busalacchi, A.J., R. Boscolo, B. Dickson, A. Piola, J. Servain, and N.
> Zeng, 2004: Climate observing system for the Atlantic sector. *CLIVAR
> Exchanges,* Vol. 9, N° 3, pp 8-11 +p16.

Bourlès, B., J. Servain et S. Planton, 2004: l'ORE PIRATA, *colloque ORE
du CNRS/INSU, Paris*, 15-16 Nov.

> Cousin, R., F. Hernandez, and Y. Du Penhoat, 2004: Apport du réseau de
> mouillages météo-océaniques PIRATA pour l'océanographie
> opérationnelle, *La lettre trimestrielle MERCATOR-OCEAN, 15, 2-8*,
> October.

Durand B., L.H. Ayina, A. Bentamy et J. Servain, 2004: High resolution
satellite-derived surface turbulent fluxes over the Atlantic Ocean.
*XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia. Fortaleza, Brazil*, Sept.

Durand B., Servain J., Laurent H., and Machado L. A., 2004: Fluxo de
calor latente no Atlântico tropical, convecção sobre o Nordeste e a rede
PIRATA. *Extended Proceedings XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia.
Fortaleza, Brazil,* Sept*.*

Johnson, M., et al., 2004: Ship Time Needs for PIRATA and the Tropical
and South Atlantic Observing System: A Special Report by the Atlantic
Observations Working Group (AOWG), November.

Kartavtseff, Annie, 2004: Mouillage courantométrique PIRATA 10°W ; Mai
2003- Février 2004 ; Internal Report LODYC, n°2004-01, May.

> Nobre, P., E. Campos, P.S. Polito, O.T Sato, and J. Lorenzzetti (with
> contribution by A.Robertson, M.Vianna, J.Servain, and I.Wainer)*,*
> 2004: PIRATA Western Extension Scientific Rational Report. *INPE/CPTEC
> Special Report, Cachoiera Paulista, SP, Brazil*.
>
> Rouault, M., and Coll., 2004: PIRATA South-Eastern Extension White
> Paper. *UFCT Special Report, Cape Town, SA.*
>
> Servain, J., 2004: PIRATA, Pirata et Mercator : Des bouées ancrées
> observent l\'Atlantique tropical. Fiche Actualité MERCATOR
> (« Chroniques mercatoriennes »), 23 March.

Servain J., 2004: Introduction of the Session "Scientific results from
the PIRATA Program (1997-2004)". *Joint American and Canadian
Geophysical Unions meeting, Montreal, Canada,* May.

Servain J., Hervé M., and B. Durand, 2004: A real-time diagnostic
analysis of the PIRATA observations. *Joint American and Canadian
Geophysical Unions meeting, Montreal, Canada*, May.

Servain J., 2004: O Programa PIRATA: CAMISA-PIRATA, O programa PIRATA :
Objetivos, Realisaçaoes, Perspectivas. *Extended Proceeding XIII
Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia. Fortaleza, Brésil,* Sept.

Servain J., B. Bourlès, et S. Planton, 2004: Le Programme PIRATA :
Réalisations, Exploitation, Développement. *Recueil de Communications de
l'Atelier Expérimentation et Instrumentation (AEI). Paris, France,* 6pp,
March*.*

Servain J., 2004: O Programa PIRATA: CAMISA-PIRATA, O programa PIRATA :
Objetivos, Realisações, Perspectivas. *Extended Proceeding XIII
Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia. Fortaleza, Brazil,* Sept.

Servain J., Durand B., Ayina L.-H. and Bentamy A., 2004: High resolution
satellite and PIRATA derived surface turbulent fluxes over the Atlantic
Ocean. *Extended Proceeding XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia.
Fortaleza, Brazil,* Sept.

Siqueira, L.S.P, and P.Nobre, 2004: Contrasting the errors in sea
surface temperature and surface heat flux by a coupled GCM and its
oceanic component, *XII Congresso Brasileiro de Meteorologia, Fortaleza,
Brazil*, Sept.

> **2003**
>
> Balmaseda, M.A., 2003: Ocean data assimilation for seasonal forecasts.
> *ECMWF Seminar Proceedings. Seminar on Recent developments in data
> assimilation for atmosphere and ocean,* 8-12 September 2003,
> 301-326.     
>
> Bourlès, B., 2003: On the Gulf of Guinea and the West African
> Monsoon*, CLIVAR Exchanges Letters, n°27, Vol. **8**, n°2/3,
> CLIVAR-Africa, 15-16,* Sept.

Grelet J., Servain J., Lorenzzetti J. et Vianna M. (in collaboration
with A. Kartavtseff, R. Chuchla et B. Bourlès, 2003: Recueil de données
Météo-Océaniques durant les campagnes PIRATA : Années 1997-2003.
*Publication IRD-Brest ; \[Available at PIRATA web site\].*

Kartavtseff A., 2003: Mouillages courantométriques PIRATA 10W et 23W.
Dec 2001-Dec 2002. Internal Report LODYC n°2003-01.

Peter, A.C., et Y. du Penhoat, 2003: Etude de la couche de mélange
océanique et bilan de chaleur dans le Golfe de Guinée, *journées
prospectives du PATOM, CIC de Météo France, Toulouse*. Dec.

Provost C. et J. Servain, 2003: -ACI CLIMAT PIRATA-- BILAN scientifique,
technique et financier de la partie mouillages équatoriaux, Report done
for the French ACI-Climat.

Vera C. S., Hazeleger, W., Wainer, I., and Servain, J., 2003: Climate
Variability in the South Atlantic Ocean. « *White Document » prepared
for the « Workshop SACOS : South Atlantic Climate Observing System »,*
*Angra dos Reis, RJ, Brazil,* Feb*.*

> **2002**
>
> Balmaseda, M.A., 2002: Dealing with Systematic error in ocean data
> assimilation. ECMWF Workshop on the Role of the Upper Ocean in Medium
> and Extended Range Forecasting, 3-15 Nov 2002.
>
> Bourlès, B., 2002: Atlantique Equatorial : des courants suivis à la
> trace..., *Fiches d\'Actualités Scientifiques de l\'IRD, n°163*, Oct.
> 2002.

DuPenhoat, Y., N. Ferry, C. Maes, J.Merle, S. Arnault, collab.: L.
Fleury, E. Greiner, M. Benkiran, A. Lazar, G. Eldin et B. Bourlès, 2002:
Validation des systèmes MERCATOR en zone tropical: océans Pacifique et
Atlantique, *Journées Mercator-Coriolis, LEGOS (France),* Sept 2002.

> Marchand, P., and J. Servain, 2002: NOR-50: Fast research vessel for
> operational oceanography - Implementing PIRATA & Argo programs in the
> Tropical & South Atlantic in a practical, economic way. *Sea
> Technology,* **43**(6), 49-54.
>
> Michel S., and A.-M. Treguier, 2002: Sensitivity of the Equatorial
> Undercurrent to mixing parameterisations in the CLIPPER model. *Report
> IFREMER/DRO/LPO* n°02-16, 35pp.
>
> Servain J., 2002: The status and perspective of the PIRATA Program. A
> CLIVAR Workshop on the Dynamics and Predictability of the Atlantic
> ITCZ and its Regional Climatic Influences. A CLIVAR Workshop on the
> Dynamics and Predictability of the Atlantic ITCZ and its Regional
> Climatic Influences. IRI, Palisades, NY, USA, Sept 2002.
>
> **2001**

Ayina H. L., and J. Servain, 2001: Climate modulation in a general
circulation model of the tropical Atlantic. *CLIVAR Tropical Atlantic
Workshop, Paris, France*, Sept, 2001.

Cariou S., J. Servain, R. Person, et Y. Roubaud, 2001: Study of the tuna
behaviour by acoustic simulation. *CLIVAR Tropical Atlantic Workshop,
Paris, France*, Sept 2001.

Clauzet G., I. Wainer, et J. Servain, 2001: Time-scales of variability
from the high-frequency PIRATA data (1997-2000). *Joint IAPSO/IABO
Assembly: 2001 An Ocean Odyssey. Mar del Plata, Argentina*, Oct 2001.

Michel, S., A-M. Treguier, R. Schopp, Y. Quilfen, A. Bentamy, 2001:
Comparison of two Atlantic simulations forced by ECMWF and ERS wind
climatologies, *CLIVAR workshop on Tropical Atlantic Variability,
Paris*, Sept 2001.

Servain, J. and J. Lorenzetti, 2001: PIRATA-8 Meeting Report.
*CLIVAR-Exchanges No. 22, Newsletter of the CLIVAR Program, Vol.*
**6***, No. 4,* Dec. 2001*.*

Quilfen, Y., A. Bentamy, S. Michel, A-M. Treguier, R. Schopp, 2001:
Impact of the wind from ERS satellites and from ECMWF reanalysis in the
CLIPPER Atlantic model : first results, *AGU meeting on scatterometry,
Los Angeles*, Dec 2001.

> **1999**
>
> McPhaden M. J., P.Freitag, J.Servain and E. Josse, 1999: Effects of
> fishing activity on tropical moored buoy arrays. *Actes du colloque
> Caraïbe-Martinique \"Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de
> poissons\", 15-19 octobre 1999. Edits. J.-Y. Le Gall, P. Cayré & M.
> Taquet.* p. 154.
>
> Segschneider, J., M. Balmaseda, D. Anderson and O. Alves, 1999: On the
> risks of assimilating real time oceanic observations, limitations of a
> univariate assimilation scheme, and how to benefit from vandalism,
> *CLIVAR Exchanges,* No. **13***,* Sept. 1999.

Servain J., and the PIRATA SSC, 1999: The PIRATA program and a proposed
expansion through the South East. *Proceedings of the 10^th^ Southern
African Marine Science Symposium (SAMSS 2000) Land, Sea and People in
the New Millenium, 22 to 26 November, 1999, Wilderness, South Africa*, p
131.

> Vianna M.L., Servain J., and Busalacchi A.J., 1999: PIRATA: Recent
> results and future perspectives. *CLIVAR Exchanges*, Vol. 4, N° 3, 17-
> 24.

Vianna M.L., Servain J., and Busalacchi A.J., 1999: The PIRATA Program:
Monitoring Tropical Atlantic Waters. *Sea Technology*, Vol. 40, N° 10,
10-15.

> **1998**

Servain J., and M. Vianna, 1998: Pilot research moored array in the
tropical Atlantic - PIRATA. Program Status Report in *TAO Implementation
Panel Report of the Sixth Session, Reading, England, 4-6 November 1997,
GOOS Report No. 36, GCOS Report No. 43, ICPO Publication Series No. 13*,
p 10.

Servain J., and Group PIRATA, 1998: The PIRATA program: An extension of
the TAO array in the Atlantic. *Conférence Internationale Abidjan\'98
\"Variabilité des Ressources en Afrique au XXème Siècle\", Recueil des
Posters, 16-19 novembre 1998, Abidjan, Côte d\'Ivoire*, 157-161.

Servain J., 1998: PIRATA Status Report. *TAO Implementation Panel Report
of the Seventh Session, Abidjan, Côte d\'Ivoire, 11-13 November 1998,
GOOS Report No. 68, GCOS Report No. 52, ICPO Publication Series No. 26*,
10-11.

> **1997**

Reverdin, G, J. Servain and S.Planton, 1997 : Réseau de mouillages
PIRATA dans l'Atlantique tropical. *Atelier " Expérimentation et
Instrumentation ", 29-30 octobre 1997, Auditorium du CNRS, Campus Michel
Ange, Paris 16°*, 7-12.

Servain J., 1997: The PIRATA program: An extension of the TAO array in
the Atlantic. Program Status Report in *TAO Implementation Panel Report
of the Fifth Meeting, Goa, India, 18-21 novembre 1996, GCOS Report No.
31, ICPO Publication Series No. 5, GOOS Report No. 97/1*, 15-16.

Servain J., 1997: Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic.
*Annales Geophysicae, Supplement II to Volume 15, PartII, Hydrology,
Oceans, Atmosphere & Nonlinear Geophysics*, C 410.

Servain J., H.L. Ayina, and H.Roquet, 1997: Et si PIRATA avait été mis
en place dès 1979 ! *Recueil des Actes, Symposium International
Surveillance des Océans à l'Horizon 2000 : Une Approche Intégrée, 15-17
octobre 1997, Biarritz, France*, 4 pp.

> **1996**

Servain J., 1996: Le Programme PIRATA (Pilot Research Moored Array in
the Tropical Atlantic). *Colloques et Congrès de Météo-France*, *Atelier
de Modélisation de l\'Atmosphère, Toulouse, 3-4 décembre 1996, Centre
National de Recherches Météorologiques,* 3-8.