Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 9/30/2005

**GAIN Report Number:** GM5037

GM5037

**Germany**

**Exporter Guide**

**Road Map to the German Market**

**2005**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)William Westman

U.S. Embassy Berlin

**Prepared by:**

Anna Potoczny

**Report Highlights:**

Germany, with its 82.5 million people, has the world\'s 3rd largest
economy after the U.S. and Japan and is the leading market for food and
beverages in the European Union. The fastest-growing component of
Germany\'s agricultural imports from the United States are fish and
other consumer-oriented products. Consumer-oriented products comprise
over one-third of German agricultral imports from the United States. In
2004 Germany\'s imports of U.S. consumer-oriented products amounted to
\$652 million, well above the \$558 million in 2003.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Annual Report

Berlin \[GM1\]

\[GM\]

Table of Contents

[SECTION I. MARKET OVERVIEW 3](#section-i.-market-overview)

[Macro Economic Situation 3](#macro-economic-situation)

[Key Demographic Trends 3](#key-demographic-trends)

[Consumer-Ready Food Market Overview
4](#consumer-ready-food-market-overview)

[Advantages/Opportunities and Challenges Facing U.S. Products in Germany
5](#advantagesopportunities-and-challenges-facing-u.s.-products-in-germany)

[SECTION II. EXPORTER BUSINESS TIPS
6](#section-ii.-exporter-business-tips)

[Import and Distribution 6](#import-and-distribution)

[Competition/Promotion 7](#competitionpromotion)

[SECTION III. MARKET SECTOR, STRUCTURE AND TRENDS
8](#section-iii.-market-sector-structure-and-trends)

[Food Retail 8](#food-retail)

[Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional (HRI) Foodservice
8](#hotel-restaurant-and-institutional-hri-foodservice)

[SECTION IV. BEST HIGH-VALUE PRODUCT PROSPECTS
9](#section-iv.-best-high-value-product-prospects)

[SECTION V. KEY CONTACTS AND FURTHER INFORMATION
11](#section-v.-key-contacts-and-further-information)

[German Trade Shows for Consumer-Oriented Products
11](#german-trade-shows-for-consumer-oriented-products)

[Additional Market Information 13](#additional-market-information)

[Internet Home Pages 13](#internet-home-pages)

[Currency Conversion Rates 13](#currency-conversion-rates)

[APPENDIX/ STATISTICS 15](#appendix-statistics)

[A. KEY GERMAN TRADE & DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
15](#a.-key-german-trade-demographic-information)

[Table B: Consumer Food and Edible Fishery Product Imports
16](#table-b-consumer-food-and-edible-fishery-product-imports)

[TABLE C: CONSUMER-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL TOTAL
17](#table-c-consumer-oriented-agricultural-total)

[TABLE D: FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS
18](#table-d-fish-and-seafood-products)

# SECTION I. MARKET OVERVIEW

## Macro Economic Situation

Germany, with its 82.5 million people, has the world's 3^rd^ largest
economy after the U.S. and Japan[^1][^2], and is the leading market for
food and beverages in the European Union.

Since the mid 1990s, the German economy has been one of the slowest
growing economies in the entire Euro zone. Although Germany's real GDP
grew only 1.2 percent between 2000 and 2004, higher growth is forecast
in 2005/2006 because of increased export demand. High crude oil prices,
however, may have a negative impact on the overall world economy and
Germany in 2006.

The sluggish German economy is also plagued by high unemployment and
budget deficits. Unemployment in 2006 is forecast to reach 10.7 percent
overall, although the unemployment rates continue to vary according to
region, with western Germany experiencing only 5 percent unemployment
and regions in eastern Germany facing up to 22 percent. The budget
deficit rose to an estimated 3.8 percent of GDP in 2004, causing Germany
to exceed the maximum limits as fixed in the Treaty of Maastricht for
the 4^th^ year in a row. As a result of these negative economic
indicators and unfavorable media reports, demand for consumer products
has declined in recent years. Conversely, consumers have gradually
increased their savings rate from 9.7 percent in 2000 to an estimated
14.3 percent by the start of 2005.

Since January 2002, twelve EU countries including Germany replaced their
national currencies with the Euro currency. Increasingly, the Euro has
become the currency of choice for international trade and currency
reserves in Europe. With respect to international markets, the Euro has
appreciated approximately 40 percent against the US dollar since the
spring of 2002. The dollar's depreciation is expected to continue to
have a positive impact on US exports to Germany in 2005 and 2006. In
2004, high oil prices have driven up inflation to an estimated 2.1
percent, still very low compared to inflation rates of the 1980s.

## Key Demographic Trends

-   Germany has one of the lowest birth rates in the world, with only
    1.4 babies born per woman of childbearing age. This development is
    not expected to reverse in the foreseeable future. Currently, of
    Germany's 82.5 million inhabitants, 36.8 million, or almost 45
    percent, are 45 years of age or older.

-   The number of women in the workplace is growing; currently 58
    percent of women in the 15-65 age group work outside the home.

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-   The high share of single-person households and the rising number of
    women in the workforce have led to strong growth in the demand for
    convenient foods and beverages such as frozen foods and snacks.
    Germans are increasingly eating on the run and skipping at least one
    meal a day, having snacks instead.

-   More than a decade after reunification, the income gap still exists
    between the 67 million people living in the western German states
    and the 15 million in the former East Germany. Average incomes in
    the eastern states are still markedly lower than in the west and the
    unemployment rate in the east is more than twice as high than in the
    west.

-   About 7.3 million foreigners without German passports live in
    Germany, the majority of whom have been in Germany more than 10
    years. These foreign populations, with their special products and
    cuisines, have exerted considerable influence on the consumption
    patterns of the entire nation. The large immigrant population and
    the penchant by Germans to travel abroad have led to increased
    consumer preferences for certain foreign foods.

-   German consumers are adopting "healthier" eating habits and are
    increasing their purchases of natural and organically produced
    items. These habits include:

    -   High consumption of fruits and vegetables, although it has
        leveled off during the past several years;

    -   Increasing consumption of organic products: consumption
        increased 14% in 2004 compared to 2003;

    -   Increased interest in functional foods;

    -   Flat level of consumption of most alcoholic beverages; and,

    -   High interest in fruit juices and soft drinks, and an increasing
        interest in lighter fruit-based beverages.

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-   Consumer concerns about the environment and the safety of the food
    supply have led many to look for alternative or organic product
    sources, which they view as perhaps better for the environment,
    safer, and more nutritious.

## Consumer-Ready Food Market Overview

With the largest economy and population in Western Europe, Germany
represents the biggest market for consumer-oriented foods and beverages.
Germany's consumers spent Euro 173 billion (approximately \$215 billion)
in 2004 on food and beverages, or about 14.2 percent of total national
expenditures. Of this amount, about 15 percent was spent in restaurants,
canteens, and other places where food and beverages were served
on-premise. The remaining amount was spent in retail food and beverage
outlets.

Changing lifestyles have fueled a sharp rise in the consumption of
processed, snack, and other consumer-ready foods in Germany. Competition
in the food and beverage markets is fierce, for both domestic and
imported products. German imports of these products are large, mostly
from neighboring EU member countries. U.S.-style snack and processed
foods, however, are viewed favorably in Germany, particularly by the
younger generation and by German visitors to the USA.

Relatively slow growth in overall food and beverage sales and fierce
competition among retailers has encouraged buyouts and consolidation in
the sector. As a result, a handful of giant retailing companies now
dominate food and beverage sales in Germany and throughout Western
Europe. Moreover, competition in the market from domestic and imported
products is fierce and significant funds are spent on promotion by
governments, quasi-governmental organizations, and companies.

The domestic market for consumer-oriented food products shows diverging
trends. Staple foods are often sold by retailers at, or occasionally
even below, cost. Meanwhile, the market for specialty foods
(convenience, ethnic, snack foods, etc.), which usually command premium
prices, is growing steadily.

Despite improved market access as part of the Uruguay Round, many U.S.
agricultural products still face tariff rate quotas and high tariffs
when entering the EU. Particularly high tariffs are assessed on EU
imports of American consumer-oriented products such as animal-based
products, fruit and fruit-based products, and processed food products
containing added sugar, flour, starch, or milk.

The EU passed Biotech legislation in July 2003, which became effective
on April 18, 2004. Since then, all products, including processed foods
produced with approved biotech ingredients of more than 0.9 percent,
must be labeled as containing genetically modified organisms (GMO).

52 percent of Germanys agricultural imports from the United States were
comprised of consumer-oriented products. In 2004, Germany's imports of
U.S. consumer-oriented products amounted to \$651 million, a substantial
increase over the \$557 million imported in 2003.

The increase in imported consumer products from the United States
occurred mainly in fish and fish products. Although German imports of
U.S. fish and fish products decreased in 2003 due to China's re-entry
into the German market, U.S. fish exports to Germany have rebounded,
with 48 percent growth in 2004. Further increases occurred in such
products as tree nuts, processed fruits, and fruit juices.

Despite the increases in fish and consumer products, however, overall
agricultural imports from the U.S. have increased only marginally. In
addition, there has been a marked decrease in snack foods imported from
the U.S.

## Advantages/Opportunities and Challenges Facing U.S. Products in Germany

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Advantages/Opportunities**        **Challenges**

  Germany's 82.5 million inhabitants  Germany has a very competitive
  have one of the highest average     market, but stagnant growth in
  income levels in the world.         retail sales.

  Germany is among the largest        German (EU) import tariffs on
  food/beverage importing nations in  certain products are high. EU
  the world.                          enlargement will give preferential
                                      access to products from accession
                                      countries.

  There is a growing market for       German buyers demand quality, but
  organic products. Private label     also low prices; discounters are
  products are popular.               the fastest growing segment of
                                      retail market.

  Germany has many well-established   Retailers often charge high listing
  importers. The distribution system  fees for products.
  is well developed.                  

  The "American-Way-of-Life" and      Retailers seldom import products
  U.S.-style foods are popular,       into Germany (EU) on their own.
  principally among the affluent      
  younger generation.                 

  A large non-German population and   Margins on food at the retail level
  Germans' penchant to travel abroad  are among the lowest in Europe.
  help fuel demand for a variety of   
  foreign products.                   
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

# SECTION II. EXPORTER BUSINESS TIPS

The German market offers good opportunities for U.S. exporters of
consumer-oriented agricultural products. Germany, however, is not a
market in which to "dump" excess product. U.S. suppliers of
consumer-ready foods and beverages interested in developing a market for
their products in Germany must be prepared to:

-   Offer a product that meets German/EU food law, packaging, and
    labeling requirements;

-   Invest time and money to develop the market (e.g. provide samples to
    test the market);

-   Start with smaller shipments (pallets instead of container loads);
    and

-   Assist the German importer with sales promotion support, especially
    when such products are not well known to German consumers.

By law, the German importer has legal liability for imported products
marketed in Germany and therefore has a strong interest in working with
the foreign supplier to ensure that the product meets all food law and
marketing requirements. Finding the right partner is the key to success
in the German market.

Because of transportation costs, duties, and other costs associated with
importing, many U.S. products sold in Germany become relatively
high-priced specialty items and may only be sold in smaller quantities.
This also pertains to products that are almost considered "staple" foods
in the United States, such as pre-mixes and pancake syrup. Once a US
processed food product is sold in large quantities or meets a current
trend in the market, production is often relocated to somewhere within
the EU.

All imported food products must comply with German/EU food law
regulations with regard to ingredients, packaging and labeling, as well
as with applicable veterinary or phytosanitary requirements. In Germany,
no official agency is responsible for food label registration, review,
clearance, and approval. Private registered food laboratories are
available, however, to provide these types of services.

With the exception of dried aromatic herbs and spices, irradiated foods
are prohibited in Germany, although such imports are allowed in other EU
countries.

Meat and seafood products (including game) from the United States can
only be imported into Germany from plants approved by EU veterinarians.
An EU-wide ban on growth-promoting hormones used for beef production has
sharply reduced U.S. access to the EU beef market. Despite a favorable
ruling by the World Trade Organization (WTO) the EU has yet to lift the
ban. Moreover, due to EU import restrictions, US poultry meat is
currently not permitted entry into the EU.

For more comprehensive information regarding German/EU food importing
regulations and standards please refer to the [Food and Agricultural
Import Regulations & Standards (FAIRS)]{.underline} report on the FAS
home page at [http://www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/). Visit
<http://www.useu.be/agri/usda.html> for further US/EU agricultural trade
information.

## Import and Distribution

In Germany specialized importers usually handle the import and
distribution of food and beverage products from countries primarily
outside of the EU. German retail organizations rarely import directly
from countries outside the EU, except for items that they purchase in
large quantities.

Traditional importers normally specialize in products or product groups.
Due to regular intensive contact with their customers, they usually have
an in-depth knowledge of the requirements of individual retailers and of
the market conditions in Germany. For example, they source products,
handle import (customs) formalities, logistics, supply maintenance and
often even pricing and labeling. They also typically advise foreign
exporters and ensure that imported products meet food, labeling,
packaging, packaging material disposal (including \"Green Dot\" licenses
and fees), and other market requirements.

Importers can also arrange for consolidated shipments of products, such
as specialty foods to test the market and gain access to distribution
channels. Importers normally distribute nation-wide, either through
their own sales force or through a network of independent sales agents.

Direct sales to the central purchasing organizations of food retailers
may be the most desirable product-entry system for a foreign supplier.
Due to their wide range of distribution, central buyers are generally
flooded with offers from competing suppliers. Purchasing organizations
often have only a limited interest in working with new suppliers, unless
particular advantages in quality, price, or promotional support are
offered.

New products on the German market may require up to 12 to 18 months of
testing to obtain market acceptance. Listing (slotting) fees in the
equivalent of several thousand dollars or more per product are common
and do not assure shelf space if a profitable turnover is not achieved
rather quickly. The exception may be a retailer\'s desire to maintain a
competitive edge with a full-service assortment.

## Competition/Promotion

The German food retail market is highly diversified and extremely price
competitive, with domestic and foreign suppliers competing fiercely for
shelf space. Food promotions under a national banner have a solid
foundation within the trade and retail sectors and, when appropriately
designed and stocked, can yield effective results for the exporter and
the domestic sales partner.

Third-country promotions for food products in Germany strongly focus on
generic aspects. Examples of these types of promotions are: in-store
promotions, special combined editorial and advertising sections in trade
magazines, and national exhibits at trade and consumer fairs. In
department stores, a country may be featured with a full line of food
and non-food products as well as other economic segments, such as
tourism.

Well over half of Germany's agricultural imports, including
consumer-oriented products, are sourced from other EU-member countries,
principally France, the Netherlands and Italy. Germany's major
consumer-oriented agricultural imports from other EU-member countries
are: meat and products, dairy products, fresh and processed fruit and
vegetables, wine, flowers and nursery products, and processed food.

Germany also imports significant quantities of agricultural products
from non-EU countries such as the United States, Japan, Brazil, and
South Africa. Germany's major consumer-oriented product imports from
these countries include: fresh and processed fruit and vegetables, nuts
and dried fruit, and meat and products.

EU import restrictions and food law requirements effectively serve to
limit the range of products imported from third countries. Large
promotion campaigns typically concentrate on products not available in
the EU, or products not available in sufficient quantity because of
season or climate, for example, Chilean fresh fruits or New Zealand lamb
and game meats.

During special promotions, original U.S. products may be featured which
do not meet German labeling laws. However, any U.S. supplier seriously
interested in marketing products in Germany must comply with German
regulations. Also, marketing and promotional support is normally
expected from a foreign (United States) supplier.

# SECTION III. MARKET SECTOR, STRUCTURE AND TRENDS

## Food Retail 

Although Germany's stagnant economy has affected retail sales, Germany
continues to be an excellent market for U.S. products. In 2003,
Germany's food and beverage retailers registered annual sales turnover
of Euro 136.9 billion (or about \$155 billion). Food and beverage sales
grew only about 5 percent over the last five years and taking into
account retail price inflation, real growth in sales over this period
was about zero.

The slowing of sales has affected how food and beverages are being
marketed in Germany. Small local shops and supermarkets still comprise
the bulk of outlets, but they are increasingly being replaced by large
hypermarkets and discount food stores. The latter now accounts for about
60 percent of all retail food and beverage sales, despite accounting for
less than one-quarter of all the outlets.

The discount segment is the most dynamic in Germany. Discounters have
prospered in recent years as German consumers have become increasingly
price conscious. In terms of sales, discount stores comprise close to
31.9 percent of the retail food market, up from 24.8 percent in 1999.
Aldi, the largest discounter, has close to 30 percent of the discount
market, although Lidl is the fastest growing. Metro Group is Germany's
largest operator of hypermarkets.

German retailers, including buying associations such as Markant,
normally source most, if not all, of their imported products from
specialized importers. Most U.S. companies interested in exporting to
Germany and in developing a position in the German market are advised to
work with an importer(s) or with an agent/broker that services these
sectors.

For more information on the retail market, please see the report
entitled Germany's Retail Food Sector on the FAS home page at
[http://www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/).

## Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional (HRI) Foodservice

The German food service sector is large and highly fragmented, but can
be divided into the commercial and institutional food service markets.
The German commercial foodservice market includes hotels, restaurants,
fast food and take-out outlets, bars, cafeterias, coffee shops, and
similar channels. The institutional foodservice market is comprised of
hospitals, universities, nursing homes, and cafeterias.

Only 15 percent of German food and beverage expenditures are in the food
service sector. Total sales turnover of the German food service market
amounted to 26.2 billion Euros in 2004 (\$32.3 billion), 2.8% less than
2003. This decrease can be attributed primarily to the depressed
economy.

The traditional full-service gastronomy (restaurants, pubs, cafes)
suffered the most from the economic downswing, whereas the bigger
players such as McDonalds and Autobahn Tank & Rast actually achieved a
small increase in revenue. This can be attributed largely to their
ability to streamline expenses and reduce overhead costs. Industry
sources predict that the largest growth opportunities in the German
consumer foodservice sector over the next 2-3 years will be in coffee
bars/shops, gas station snacks, home-delivery, and leisure snack shops.

German food service operators rarely import products directly from third
(non-EU) countries, because of:

-   The relatively small quantities needed;

-   Complex import procedures;

-   Language barriers;

-   Time differences; and,

-   Unavailability of specialized importers willing to take potential
    risks.

To ensure that the imported products they use meet all sanitary and
health requirements, major operators from the institutional catering
sector often buy through central buying offices. Large caterers may
occasionally import directly or ask their importers or brokers to obtain
products they are especially interested in. The two major distribution
channels for the German food service trade are Cash & Carry Wholesalers
and Specialized Distributor/Wholesalers.

All food products imported must comply with German/EU food law
requirements. For details see the Food and Agricultural Import
Regulations & Standards (FAIRS) report on the FAS Homepage -
[http://www.fas.usda.gov]{.underline} and for more information about the
German gastronomy sector please see the HRI report for Germany.

# SECTION IV. BEST HIGH-VALUE PRODUCT PROSPECTS

Despite the existence of a "single" EU market, consumer demand and the
structure of the food and beverage market vary substantially between the
individual EU member-countries, as well as differing among the different
regions of Germany. Generally, those U.S. products with the best export
opportunities in the German market meet one or more of the following
criteria:

-   The basic product is not produced in Europe in sufficient quantities
    or the American quality is superior;

-   The product (usually fresh) is available on a counter-seasonal
    basis; and,

-   The product is unique to the United States.

The following products from the United States may have good potential
for market niches in Germany:

-   **Specialty Items**: Specialty food items and products, particularly
    those with little or no competition from European production, have
    good sales potential in Germany. These products include:
    delicatessen and snack foods, novelty products, food products
    germane to the United States, spices, dried vegetables, wild rice,
    and nutritional foods and supplements.

-   **Ethnic Foods**: One of the fastest growing segments of the German
    food service sector is ethnic food. European ethnic foods, for
    example Italian, Greek, and Spanish foods, have been popular in
    Germany for years. Recently, Asian and Mexican or Tex-Mex foods have
    experienced increasing popularity due in part to the extensive
    international travel by Germans. These ethnic products have become
    so popular, and sold in sufficient quantities, that they are now
    being produced by the German/European food industry and adapted to
    local tastes. Such domestically produced products can often be sold
    at lower prices than imports, because of mark-ups on imported
    products due to transportation costs and import duties.

-   **Nuts**: Germany imports significant quantities of a wide
    assortment of tree nuts, as well as peanuts and sunflower seeds. In
    Germany, most tree nuts are used as ingredients by the food
    processing sector, for ice cream, confectionery, breakfast cereals,
    and baked goods. Sunflower seeds are also used mostly as a food
    ingredient, particularly in very popular sunflower seed bread and
    bread rolls. The German food service industry offers good
    opportunities for U.S. exporters of almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts,
    pecans, pistachios, as well as peanuts and confectionery quality
    sunflower seeds.

-   **Dried Fruit**: Like nuts, Germany imports a significant quantity
    and a wide assortment of dried fruits. Dried fruit is mostly used as
    an ingredient by the food-processing sector for use in breakfast
    cereals, baked goods, etc. Dried fruit is also popular as a snack,
    often in combination with nuts.

-   **Wine**: Wine consumption in Germany has been growing during recent
    years. In particular, the demand for red wine is strong. Good
    prospects exist for "new world" wines, including those from the
    United States. Germany is the world's largest importer of wine, with
    imports accounting for about one-half of domestic consumption.

-   **Fresh Fruits and Vegetables**: Opportunities are greatest for
    products that are not grown in Europe, or are grown in only limited
    quantities. Potential also exists for fresh products that can be
    supplied when EU product is off-season, which may be a period of
    several weeks prior to or after the local crop is marketed. Green
    asparagus, grapefruit, pears, certain soft fruits, and berries offer
    the best opportunities.

-   **Fruit Juices**: Germany has one of the highest rates of per capita
    juice consumption in the world. The most popular juices are apple
    and orange, and these two items also account for most imports. The
    best opportunities for U.S. products in the German market are citrus
    (orange and grapefruit) and specialty (cranberry and prune) juices.

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-   **Dairy Products:** Opportunities in this sector are mostly limited
    to niche products, because the EU is a net exporter of dairy
    products. EU import tariffs typically increase the price for
    imported dairy products well beyond that of domestic product, which
    leaves only limited potential for specialty products at relatively
    high prices.

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-   **Pet Food:** The German market for pet food and pet-related
    products is large, reflecting a large pet population and German's
    affinity for their pets \-- particularly dogs, cats, birds, and
    horses. Several large German companies dominate the prepared pet
    food market, however, U.S. pet food and ingredients still face good
    prospects in the German market.\
    \
    NB: EU regulation 1774/2002 introduced certain restrictions related
    to pet food production. It requires that animal by-products used in
    the production of feeds and pet food be derived from the carcasses
    of animal declared fit for human consumption following veterinary
    inspection. Provisions include a ban on intra-species recycling and
    fallen stock and restrictions on yellow grease. Certain categories
    of pet food have to be denatured with specified substances. Pet food
    plants have to be dedicated to production of product fit for human
    consumption. For further details please see the website of the US
    mission to the EU: <http://www.useu.be/agri/by-products.html>

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-   **Fish and Seafood**: Fish and certain seafood products (Alaska
    pollock, Alaska salmon, and lobster) from the United States have
    enjoyed increasing success in the German market in recent years.

-   **High Quality Beef and Game Products**: Limited opportunities exist
    for hormone-free, high quality beef, game, and exotic meat products.
    Although these products are normally very expensive, they have found
    a market in German gourmet restaurants. All meat must originate from
    plants certified and approved by EU authorities before it can be
    shipped to or sold in the German market.

# SECTION V. KEY CONTACTS AND FURTHER INFORMATION

## German Trade Shows for Consumer-Oriented Products

Participating or simply attending a trade show can be a very
cost-effective way to test the German market, to introduce a product, or
to expand sales. Germany offers a wide variety of trade show venues for
food and beverage products. The following table provides details on
major trade shows for food, beverages, and other agricultural and
related industries taking place in Germany.

+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Important German Trade      |            |                         |
| Shows -- 2006/2007**          |            |                         |
+===============================+============+=========================+
| **Heimtextil (International   | January 11 | Show Organizer:         |
| Fabrics Show)**               | -- 14,     |                         |
|                               | 2006       | Messe Frankfurt GmbH    |
| Frankfurt, Main, Germany      |            |                         |
|                               |            | Ludwig-Erhard-Anlage 1  |
| (Interval: yearly)            |            |                         |
|                               |            | 60327 Frankfurt/Main    |
| Target market: Germany/Europe |            |                         |
|                               |            | Ph: (+49-69) 7575-0     |
| The world's biggest trade     |            |                         |
| fair for home and             |            | Fax: (+49-69) 7575-6433 |
| commercially used textiles.   |            |                         |
|                               |            | [www.messe              |
|                               |            | frankfurt.com](http://w |
|                               |            | ww.messefrankfurt.com/) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | <i                      |
|                               |            | nfo@messefrankfurt.com> |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **IPM (International Plant    | February 2 | U.S. Pavilion           |
| Show)**                       | -- 5, 2006 | Organizer:              |
|                               |            |                         |
| Essen, Germany (Interval:     |            | Essen fairground's U.S. |
| yearly)                       |            | office: Tel: (212)      |
|                               |            | 356-0406                |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |            |                         |
|                               |            | Fax: (212) 356-0404     |
| European trade fair for the   |            |                         |
| horticultural and nursery     |            | [w                      |
| industry. The Southern        |            | ww.messe-essen.de](http |
| Nurserymen and SUSTA          |            | ://www.messe-essen.de/) |
| participate jointly in the    |            |                         |
| U.S. Pavilion at the show.    |            | [www.ipm-messe.de](ht   |
|                               |            | tp://www.ipm-messe.de/) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | <info@messe-essen.de>   |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **ISM (International Sweets   | January 29 | U.S. Pavilion           |
| and Biscuit Show)**           | --         | Organizer: National     |
|                               | February   | Confectioners           |
| Cologne, Germany (Interval:   | 1, 2006    | Association (NCA)       |
| yearly)                       |            |                         |
|                               |            | Tel: (703) 790‑5750     |
| Target Market:                |            |                         |
| Europe/International          |            | Fax: (703) 790‑5752     |
|                               |            |                         |
| World's largest show for      |            | [www.ko                 |
| snacks and confectionery      |            | elnmesse.de/ism](http:/ |
| products.                     |            | /www.koelnmesse.de/ism) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | [www                    |
|                               |            | .ism-cologne.de](http:/ |
|                               |            | /www.koelnmesse.de/ism) |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Fruit Logistica**           | February 2 | U.S. Pavilion           |
|                               | -- 4, 2006 | Organizer:              |
| Berlin, Germany (Interval:    |            |                         |
| yearly)                       |            | B\*FOR International:   |
|                               |            |                         |
| Target Market:                |            | Tel: (540) 373-9935     |
| Germany/Central & Eastern     |            |                         |
| Europe                        |            | Fax: (540) 372-1414.    |
|                               |            |                         |
| Good venue for exhibiting     |            | [www.fru                |
| fresh and dried fruit, nuts   |            | itlogistica.de](http:// |
| and related products.         |            | www.fruitlogistica.de/) |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Bio Fach**                  | February   | U.S. Pavilion           |
|                               | 16 -- 19,  | Organizer:              |
| Nuremberg, Germany (Interval: | 2006       |                         |
| yearly)                       |            | B\*FOR International:   |
|                               |            |                         |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |            | Tel: (540) 373-9935     |
|                               |            |                         |
| The leading European          |            | Fax: (540) 372-1411.    |
| tradeshow for organic food    |            |                         |
| and non-food products.        |            | [www.biofach.de](       |
|                               |            | http://www.biofach.de/) |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Equitana**                  | March 10   | Show Organizer:         |
|                               | -- 18,     |                         |
| Essen, Germany (Interval: 2   | 2007       | Messe Essen GmbH        |
| years)                        |            |                         |
|                               |            | Tel: (+49-201) 7244-0   |
| Target Market: Germany/Europe |            |                         |
|                               |            | Fax: (+49-201) 7244-513 |
| The leading European          |            |                         |
| tradeshow for the equestrian  |            | [w                      |
| market.                       |            | ww.messe-essen.de](http |
|                               |            | ://www.messe-essen.de/) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | [www.equitana.de](h     |
|                               |            | ttp://www.equitana.de/) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | <info@equitana.de>      |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **Internorga**                | March 3 -- | Show Organizer:         |
|                               | 8, 2006    |                         |
| Hamburg, Germany, (Interval:  |            | Hamburg fair            |
| yearly)                       |            | authorities,            |
|                               |            |                         |
| Target Market: Northern       |            | Tel: (49-40) 35 69 0    |
| Germany                       |            |                         |
|                               |            | Fax: (49-40) 36 69 21   |
| Show for the hotel,           |            | 80                      |
| restaurant, catering, baking  |            |                         |
| and confectionery trades.     |            | [www.internorga.de](htt |
|                               |            | p://www.internorga.de/) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | <info@hamburg-messe.de> |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **ProWein**                   | March 26   | Show Organizer:         |
|                               | -- 28,     |                         |
| Duesseldorf, Germany,         | 2006       | Duesseldorf Messe       |
| (Interval: yearly)            |            | Authorities             |
|                               |            |                         |
| Target Market: International  |            | Tel: (49-211) 4560 01   |
|                               |            |                         |
| International Trade Show for  |            | Fax: (49-211) 4560 668  |
| wine and spirits.             |            |                         |
|                               |            | [www.prowein.de](       |
|                               |            | http://www.prowein.de/) |
|                               |            |                         |
|                               |            | <inf                    |
|                               |            | o@messe-duesseldorf.de> |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+
| **ANUGA**                     | October 13 | U.S. Pavilion           |
|                               | -- 17,     | Organizer:              |
| Cologne, Germany, (Interval:  | 2005       |                         |
| 2 years)                      |            | Koelnmesse, Inc.        |
|                               |            | Chicago                 |
| Target Market:                |            |                         |
| Europe/International          |            | Tel: (773) 326-9920     |
|                               |            |                         |
| One of the leading            |            | Fax: (773) 714-0063     |
| international trade shows for |            |                         |
| food and beverages, and the   |            | [www.koelnme            |
| premier show of its kind held |            | ssenafta.com](http://ww |
| in Germany. Traditionally     |            | w.koelnmessenafta.com/) |
| there is a large U.S.         |            |                         |
| Pavilion at this show         |            | [www.anuga.com]         |
| featuring about 150-200 U.S.  |            | (http://www.anuga.com/) |
| companies and associations.   |            |                         |
| USDA-endorsed show.           |            |                         |
+-------------------------------+------------+-------------------------+

Note: More information about these and other German exhibitions and
trade shows can be found under the following Internet address:
[www.auma-messen.de](http://www.auma-messen.de/)

## Additional Market Information

## Internet Home Pages

Internet home pages of potential interest to U.S. food and beverage
exporters are listed below:

AUMA [www.auma-messen.de](http://www.auma-messen.de/)

U.S. Mission to the European Union
[www.useu.be/agri/usda.html](http://www.useu.be/agri/usda.html)

FAS/Washington [www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/)

European Importer Directory
[www.american-foods.org](http://www.american-foods.org/)

FAS/Berlin [www.usembassy.de](http://www.usembassy.de/)

If you have questions or comments regarding this report, or need
assistance exporting to Germany, please contact the U.S. Agricultural
Affairs Office in Berlin at the following address:

Agricultural Affairs Office

American Embassy

Clayallee 170

14195 Berlin

Tel: (49) (30) 8305 - 1150

Fax: (49) (30) 8431 - 1935

Email: <AgBerlin@usda.gov>

Home Page: [www.usembassy.de](http://www.usembassy.de/)

Please view our Home Page for more information on exporting U.S. food
and beverage products to Germany, including market and product "briefs"
available on specific topics of interest to U.S. exporters.

Importer listings are available from the Agricultural Affairs Office for
use by U.S. exporters of U.S. food and beverage products. Recent reports
of interests to U.S. exporters interested in the German Market include:

Report Title Report Number Month Report was written

  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
  Fish Products Report    GM 5036                 September 2005

  FAIRS Report            GM 5030                 August 2005

  Fruit Market Brief      GM 5002                 January 2005

  Wine Report             GM 4047                 November 2004

  Retail Report           GM 4044                 November 2004

  HRI Food Service Sector GM 4028                 August 2004
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

For more information on exporting U.S. agricultural products to other
countries, please visit the Foreign Agricultural Service Home Page at
[www.fas.usda.gov](http://www.fas.usda.gov/)

## Currency Conversion Rates

The value of the dollar has been decreasing against the Euro since 2002.
This report includes the dollar equivalents for the reader's
convenience, but they are based on annual exchange rates, not the
floating rate. All percentage changes mentioned in this report are based
on the Euro levels.

Average Annual Currency Conversion Rates:

2002 1 U.S. \$ = 1.0575 Euro

2003 1 U.S. \$ = 0.8840 Euro

2004 1 U.S. \$ = 0.8030 Euro

# APPENDIX/ STATISTICS

## A. KEY GERMAN TRADE & DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| **Key Trade & Demographic Information - 2004**     | U.S.     | Per  |
|                                                    | \$       | cent |
|                                                    | Millions |      |
+====================================================+==========+======+
| Agricultural Imports from World/U.S. Market Share  | \$48,834 | 3%   |
| (%)[^3]                                            |          |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Consumer‑Ready Food Product Imports from           | \$35,135 | 2%   |
| World/U.S. Market Share (%)^1^                     |          |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Edible Fishery Imports from World/U.S. Market      | \$2,617  | 6%   |
| Share (%)^1^                                       |          |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Forest Product Imports from World/U.S. Market      | \$4,919  | 4%   |
| Share (%)^1^                                       |          |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Urban Population (Millions)/Growth Rate[^4]        | 72.6     | 0.5% |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Number of Major Metropolitan Areas[^5]             | 5        |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Unemployment Rate^3^                               | 10.6%    |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Size of Middle Class (Millions)                    | N.A.     |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (U.S.            | \$28,700 |      |
| Dollars)[^6]                                       |          |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Per Capita Food Expenditures (U.S. Dollars)^3^     | \$2,146  |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Percent of Female Population Employed^3^           | 58.7     |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+
| Exchange Rate (Average Annual for 2004)[^7]        | U.S. \$1 |      |
|                                                    | =        |      |
|                                                    |          |      |
|                                                    | 0.8039   |      |
|                                                    | Euro     |      |
+----------------------------------------------------+----------+------+

## 

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 47%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><h2
id="table-b-consumer-food-and-edible-fishery-product-imports">Table B:
Consumer Food and Edible Fishery Product Imports</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10">German Imports of Agriculture, Fish &amp; Forestry
Products (in Millions of Dollars)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Germany Imports</td>
<td colspan="3">Imports from the World</td>
<td colspan="3">Imports from the U.S.</td>
<td colspan="3">U.S. Market Share</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>(In Millions of Dollars)</td>
<td>2002</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>2004</td>
<td>2002</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>2004</td>
<td>2002</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>2004</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>CONSUMER-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL TOTAL</strong></td>
<td>26805</td>
<td>31704</td>
<td>35135</td>
<td>463</td>
<td>558</td>
<td>652</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Snack Foods (Excl. Nuts)</td>
<td>1453</td>
<td>1852</td>
<td>1985</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>0.85%</td>
<td>0.71%</td>
<td>0.28%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Breakfast Cereals &amp; Pancake Mix</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>153</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.49%</td>
<td>0.84%</td>
<td>0.59%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Red Meats, Fresh/Chilled/Frozen</td>
<td>2204</td>
<td>2366</td>
<td>3002</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0.10%</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
<td>0.11%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Red Meats, Prepared/Preserved</td>
<td>883</td>
<td>1012</td>
<td>1074</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.15%</td>
<td>0.07%</td>
<td>0.01%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Poultry Meat</td>
<td>798</td>
<td>946</td>
<td>907</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.00%</td>
<td>0.00%</td>
<td>0.00%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dairy Products (Excl. Cheese)</td>
<td>1557</td>
<td>2062</td>
<td>2179</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
<td>0.05%</td>
<td>0.21%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cheese</td>
<td>1852</td>
<td>2246</td>
<td>2593</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
<td>0.02%</td>
<td>0.00%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Eggs &amp; Products</td>
<td>342</td>
<td>430</td>
<td>492</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fresh Fruit</td>
<td>3298</td>
<td>4058</td>
<td>4277</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>0.60%</td>
<td>0.50%</td>
<td>0.51%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fresh Vegetables</td>
<td>2698</td>
<td>3066</td>
<td>3136</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.02%</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Processed Fruit &amp; Vegetables</td>
<td>2695</td>
<td>3289</td>
<td>3627</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>3%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fruit &amp; Vegetable Juices</td>
<td>813</td>
<td>1060</td>
<td>1044</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>0.79%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Tree Nuts</td>
<td>571</td>
<td>630</td>
<td>879</td>
<td>166</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>293</td>
<td>29%</td>
<td>33%</td>
<td>33%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Wine &amp; Beer</td>
<td>1903</td>
<td>2218</td>
<td>2493</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>3%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nursery Products &amp; Cut Flowers</td>
<td>1780</td>
<td>2009</td>
<td>2231</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>0.98%</td>
<td>0.85%</td>
<td>0.80%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Pet Foods (Dog &amp; Cat Food)</td>
<td>519</td>
<td>585</td>
<td>616</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>0.69%</td>
<td>0.83%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Other Consumer-Oriented Products</td>
<td>3335</td>
<td>3750</td>
<td>4448</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>112</td>
<td>93</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>FISH &amp; SEAFOOD PRODUCTS</strong></td>
<td>2233</td>
<td>2479</td>
<td>2617</td>
<td>134</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>155</td>
<td>6%</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>6%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Salmon</td>
<td>250</td>
<td>269</td>
<td>292</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>4%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Surimi</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>15%</td>
<td>10%</td>
<td>17%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Crustaceans</td>
<td>230</td>
<td>271</td>
<td>309</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Groundfish &amp; Flatfish</td>
<td>940</td>
<td>1051</td>
<td>1114</td>
<td>114</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>119</td>
<td>12%</td>
<td>8%</td>
<td>11%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mollusks</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.44%</td>
<td>0.74%</td>
<td>2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Other Fishery Products</td>
<td>709</td>
<td>777</td>
<td>784</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>0.84%</td>
<td>0.95%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS TOTAL</strong></td>
<td>36837</td>
<td>43946</td>
<td>48834</td>
<td>1330</td>
<td>1607</td>
<td>1551</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>3%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>AGRICULTURAL, FISH &amp; FORESTRY TOTAL</strong></td>
<td>42977</td>
<td>51069</td>
<td>56371</td>
<td>1617</td>
<td>1883</td>
<td>1886</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>3%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Source: FAS' Global Agricultural Trade System using data from the
United Nations Statistical Office</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| ## TABLE             |              |              |                |
|  C: CONSUMER-ORIENTE |              |              |                |
| D AGRICULTURAL TOTAL |              |              |                |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Reporting: Germany - | Import       |              |                |
| Top 15 Ranking       |              |              |                |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
|                      | 2002         | 2003         | 2004           |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
|                      | Value        | Value        | Value          |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
|                      | 1000\$       | 1000\$       | 1000\$         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Netherlands          | 5950764      | 6629479      | 7134092        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Italy                | 3006881      | 3492017      | 3815748        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| France               | 3062352      | 3446402      | 3732398        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Spain                | 2411199      | 2883192      | 3195079        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Belgium              | 1724918      | 1963609      | 2265940        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Denmark              | 1204371      | 1440609      | 1606506        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Austria              | 970392       | 1063312      | 1245394        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Poland               | 663965       | 1097889      | 994083         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Turkey               | 553470       | 623011       | 967967         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Ireland              | 674322       | 930748       | 902869         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Switzerland          | 455335       | 616835       | 872375         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Brazil               | 587603       | 746935       | 804542         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| United States        | 462941       | 557765       | 651939         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| New Zealand          | 377330       | 434079       | 494064         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| United Kingdom       | 415626       | 444250       | 472550         |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Other                | 4283414      | 5334366      | 5979921        |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| World                | 26804699     | 31704498     | 35135467       |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
|                      |              |              |                |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| Data: Harmonized     |              |              |                |
| Tariff Schedule (HS  |              |              |                |
| 6 Digit)             |              |              |                |
|                      |              |              |                |
| Source: FAS\'s       |              |              |                |
| Global Agricultural  |              |              |                |
| Trade System using   |              |              |                |
| data from the United |              |              |                |
| Nations Statistical  |              |              |                |
| Office               |              |              |                |
+----------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+

## TABLE D: FISH AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS

  ------------------------------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
  **FISH & SEAFOOD PRODUCTS**                                  

  Reporting: Germany - Top 15 Ranking  Import                  

                                       2002        2003        2004

                                       Value       Value       Value

                                       1000\$      1000\$      1000\$

  Denmark                              345350      356787      371586

  Norway                               265959      266052      280411

  Netherlands                          199543      221787      245977

  China (Peoples Republic of)          100262      157655      195026

  Poland                               118384      170881      158442

  United States                        134457      104207      155137

  Russian Federation                   128780      118866      96509

  France                               85414       81406       74743

  Iceland                              90532       101831      73766

  Chile                                32796       39303       63129

  United Kingdom                       59962       73142       62964

  Thailand                             55730       53459       53162

  Spain                                43429       47305       50772

  Ecuador                              9696        14011       45502

  Belgium                              32549       38597       41193

  Other                                530147      633253      648779

  World                                2232958     2478542     2617098

                                                               

  Data: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HS                         
  6 Digit) Source: FAS\'s Global                               
  Agricultural Trade System using data                         
  from the United Nations Statistical                          
  Office                                                       
  ------------------------------------ ----------- ----------- -----------

[^1]: Source: World Bank ranking of GDP, 2004.
    <http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/GDP.pdf>

[^2]: Alternative sources, such as the CIA World Factbook, cite Germany
    as having the world's 5^th^ largest economy.

[^3]: ^1^ Source: FAS\'s Global Agricultural Trade System using data
    from the United Nations Statistical Office

[^4]: ^2^ Source: Unicef Statistics by Country

[^5]: ^3^ Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany, Statistical
    Yearbook

[^6]: ^4^ Source: CIA World Factbook

[^7]: ^5^ Source: Internal Revenue Service, US Embassy Paris