SUBJECT CATEGORIES

References in this bibliography are indexed through one or more of 20
subject categories in the following table. Subject categories, their
abbreviations in the index, and explanations of included topics are
presented below.

**Basic Biology (BasBio):** References in this category provide an
overview of the red-cockaded woodpecker, describing the species, its
general biology, life history, and habitat associations.

**Breeding Biology (BreBio):** References in this category deal with one
or more aspects of the breeding biology of red-cockaded woodpeckers.
Topics include timing and characteristics of the reproductive cycle,
clutch size, incubation, nestling growth and development, fledging, and
measures of productivity.

**Cavity Tree and Cluster Characteristics (CavChar):** References in
this category describe features of cavity trees and of cavity tree
clusters. Cavity tree topics include age of cavity trees, height and
orientation of cavities, resin wells, heart rot and red-heart disease,
and mortality of cavity trees. Cluster topics include basal area
requirements, spacing, nesting requirements, and southern pine beetle.

**Competition (Compet):** References in this category describe
competitive interactions for forage and cavities between red-cockaded
woodpeckers and other birds and mammals. Topics also include responses
of other species to red-cockaded woodpecker habitat management,
information on relationships between other pine forest taxa and
red-cockaded woodpeckers and internal and external parasites.

**Economics (Econom):** References in this category deal with monetary
effects of land policy and management for red-cockaded woodpeckers on
private and public lands. Economic considerations for the southern pine
beetle are also included in this category.

**Field Techniques (FldTech):** References in this category describe or
evaluate the use of field techniques for the capture, handling, and
management of red-cockaded woodpeckers. Topics include artificial
cavities, augmentation, capture techniques, prescribed fires, radio
transmitters and telemetry, marking and survey techniques, and
translocations.

**Foraging Ecology (ForgEco):** References in this category refer to
habitat use, foraging behavior, or prey selection by red-cockaded
woodpeckers.

**Genetics (Genetic):** References in this category either employ
genetic techniques to address questions concerning relationships among
red-cockaded woodpeckers, or they address genetic concerns about
woodpecker populations directly. Topics include genetic modeling,
population viability, genetic variation, inbreeding, and effective
population size.

**Habitat (Habitat):** References in this category describe the
red-cockaded woodpeckers relationship with its habitat. Topics include
nesting and foraging requirements, old-growth forests, hardwood
midstory, disturbances due to fire, hurricanes, lightning and wind,
red-heart disease, and insects. Topics overlap broadly with the
Management subject category.

**Management (Manage):** References in this category describe or
evaluate management actions affecting red-cockaded woodpeckers. Topics
include timber management and silviculture, augmentation, logging,
prescribed fire, regeneration, reintroduction, and relocation. Military
training impacts also fall into this category.

**Miscellaneous (Misc):** References in this category include topics not
readily grouped into the other subject categories, such as
bibliographies and symposia proceedings.

**Morphology and Taxonomy (MorpTax):** References in this category
contain information about the physical characteristics of red-cockaded
woodpeckers, and about their taxonomic status.

**Mortality (Mortal):** References in this category refer to sources and
rates of red-cockaded woodpecker mortality. Topics include natural
mortality patterns, predation, and losses due to catastrophic events
(e.g., hurricanes and fire).

**Policy (Policy):** References in this category deal with legal
directives that affect the management and status of red-cockaded
woodpeckers. Topics include private land-ownership policy, federal land
management policies, and population recovery and viability requirements.

**Population Distribution (PopDist):** References in this category
provide or analyze distribution data for red-cockaded woodpeckers.

**Population Size and Status (PopSiSt):** References in this category
provide information on numbers and trends of red-cockaded woodpecker
populations. Population level topics include demography, density,
dynamics, structure, and productivity.

**Social Behavior (SocBeh):** References in this category include
information on inter- and intra-group behaviors among red-cockaded
woodpeckers. Topics include dispersal, helping, cooperative breeding,
communication, and mating.

**Territory and Home Range (HomeRng):** References in this category
provide information on size, habitat relationships, and seasonal and
geographic variability in red-cockaded woodpecker territories and home
ranges.

**Translocations and Artificial Cavities (TranArt):** References in this
category describe or evaluate management techniques used to expand
red-cockaded woodpecker populations by creating artificial cavities and
moving birds within and between populations.