**TO:** EPA Docket No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0146

**FROM:** Bob Lucas, EPA/SPPD

**DATE:** August 16, 2007

**SUBJECT:** Wastewater Impact Analysis

**I. [Purpose]{.underline}**

The purpose of this memorandum is to document the potential impacts of
wastewater treatment system emissions from enhanced biological treatment
systems.

**II. [Background ]{.underline}**

Section 112 (f) of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAA) directs the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess source categories
regulated under Section 112(d) of the CAA and determine whether any
human health or environmental risks remain from the continued emissions
of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) following implementation of maximum
achievable control technology (MACT) standards. The CAA further states
that if the MACT standards do not reduce lifetime excess cancer risk to
the most exposed individual to less than one in one million, EPA must
set additional standards to protect human health and the environment, in
accordance with the interpretation set forth in the Benzene NESHAP.
Additionally, the EPA is required to review these technology-based
standards and to revise them "as necessary (taking into account
developments in practices, processes and control technologies)" no less
frequently than every 8 years, under CAA section 112(d)(6). The Refinery
MACT 1 (40 CFR Part 63 Subpart CC) was promulgated over 8 years ago and
is now being reviewed.

The standards for wastewater in the Refinery MACT 1 rule reference the
Benzene Waste Operations NESHAP (BWON) of 40 CFR Part 61 Subpart FF. One
of the primary control options allowed under BWON is suppression
controls until treatment in an enhanced biological treatment unit (EBU).
Subpart FF as defines EBU as any unit that "... is a suspended-growth
process that generates biomass, uses recycled biomass, and periodically
removes biomass from the process." Although some parameters ranges for
EBU are provided in the general description of an EBU, operation within
these parameter values are not specifically required by the rule. As
such, the level of performance for different EBU may be vastly
different.

Since the development of BWON and the Refinery MACT 1, EPA developed
testing procedures to better characterize the performance of EBU; these
testing procedures are provided in 40 CFR Part 63 Appendix C:
Determination of the Fraction Biodegraded (Fbio) in a Biological
Treatment Unit. For most highly volatile organic compounds, 1 -- F~bio~
represents the fraction of the mass feed to the EBU that is emitted into
the air. Therefore, requiring EBU to meet a minimum F~bio~ will directly
impact the emissions performance of the unit.

**III. [Emission Assessment]{.underline}**

The actual emissions from the EBU are difficult to directly measure. In
reviewing data from the 22 Facility Study, many refiners assume the
emissions from their EBU are negligible. However, if the EBU is not
well-mixed or has low biomass concentrations, the emissions from the EBU
can be significant. The wastewater benzene load for each petroleum
refinery was estimated using the wastewater production factors and
benzene concentrations presented in EPA, 1998. These wastewater
production factors are provided in Table 1. The production factor and
concentrations in Table 1 were combined with facility-specific,
process-specific production capacities reported by EIA (2006) to
calculate a total benzene load and a total organic HAP load to the
wastewater treatment system. The facility-specific benzene and organic
HAP loads are presented in Attachment 1. It should be noted that the
total benzene load was calculated including all wastewaters; a small
fraction of this loading would not be included in a refinery's total
annual benzene (TAB) calculation. Wastewater streams with concentrations
less than 10 ppmw are exempt from the BWON rules requirements and these
streams are not included in a facility's TAB. TABs were also projected
for each refinery by not including wastewater streams with average
benzene concentrations of less than 10 ppmw. The projected TABs are also
provided in Attachment 1.

**Table 1. Model Process Unit Characteristics for Petroleum Refinery
Wastewater**

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Number range CHAPTERProcess   Average Flow   Average Benzene    Average Organic
  Unit                          Factor^a^      Concentration^c^   HAP
                                (gal/bbl)^b^   (ppmw)^d^          Concentration
                                                                  (ppmw)
  ----------------------------- -------------- ------------------ ---------------
  Crude distillation            2.9            21                 140

  Alkylation unit               6              3                  6.9

  Catalytic reforming           1.5            106                238

  Hydrocracking unit            2.6            14                 72

  Hydrotreating/hydrorefining   2.6            6.3                32

  Catalytic cracking            2.4            13                 165

  Thermal cracking/coking       5.9            40                 75

  Thermal cracking/visbreaking  7.1            40                 75

  Hydrogen plant                80^e^          62                 278

  Asphalt plant                 8.6            40                 75

  Product blending              2.9            24                 1,810

  Sulfur plant                  9.7^f^         0.8                3.4

  Vacuum distillation           3              12                 53

  Full range distillation       4.5            12                 65

  Isomerization                 1.5            33                 117

  Polymerization                3.5            0.01               0.04

  MEK dewaxing units            0.011          0.1                27

  Lube oil/specialty processing 2.5            40                 75
  unit                                                            

  Tank drawdown                 0.02           188                840

  Number range CHAPTERSource:                                     
  U.S. EPA (1998)                                                 

  ^a^ All flow factors were                                       
  derived from Section 114                                        
  questionnaire responses                                         

  ^b^ gal/bbl = gallons of                                        
  wastewater per barrel of                                        
  capacity at a given process                                     
  unit                                                            

  ^c^ Average concentration in                                    
  the wastewater                                                  

  ^d^ ppmw = parts per million                                    
  by weight                                                       

  ^e^ This flow factor is given                                   
  in gal/MM ft^3^ of gas                                          
  production                                                      

  ^f^ This flow factor is given                                   
  in gal/ton of sulfur                                            
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Based on the benzene loads calculated for this analysis, wastewater
loads of benzene can range from 1 to 224 tons per year (tpy); the
average benzene load was 46 tpy and the median benzene load was 28 tpy.
For many refineries, this benzene load is treated using the EBU
provisions in the BWON rule.

Nationwide, the total organic HAP load to wastewater treatment systems
is estimated to be 89,252 tpy, and the total benzene load is estimated
to be 6,922 tpy (or 7.8 percent of the total HAP load). A significant
portion of the HAP and benzene wastewater load is expected to be
recovered and recycled in the oil-water separator. We assumed that 50
percent of the benzene load is recovered in the oil-water separator. Of
the remaining 50 percent benzene load, we assumed that 20 percent would
be treated using stream strippers at 99 percent removal efficiencies.
Therefore, we anticipate that 2,769 tpy (i.e., 40 percent of 6,922 tpy)
of benzene will be treated using EBU. In a preliminary analysis of EBU,
we estimated that the average EBU treatment efficiency would be 92
percent (Allen, 2001). However, in this analysis, the operating
parameters were limited to the "typical ranges" indicated in BWON. As
stated previously, operation within these parameter values are not
specifically required by the rule. Therefore, some operations may fall
outside these ranges. Additionally, only one model treatment plant that
utilized submerged aeration was modeled. Many refineries use surface
aeration and may have significantly higher emissions than the model
plant used for this preliminary analysis.

We assumed that 50 percent of the EBU had a performance of greater than
90 percent; we assumed the average performance of these EBU to be 92
percent (i.e., 8 percent emissions). We assumed the average performance
of the remaining EBU to average 80 percent (i.e., 20 percent emissions).
Based on these assumptions, the baseline emissions are projected to be
388 tpy \[i.e., 2,769×(0.5×0.08 + 0.5×0.20)\]. By altering the operating
characteristics of the unit (e.g., changing mixing characteristics,
adding submerged aeration, increasing biomass recycle to increase the
biomass concentration in the unit, ), all of the units not originally
achieving a 90 percent treatment efficiency are assumed to meet exactly
the 90 percent F~bio~ requirement. Therefore, the emissions are reduced
to 249 tpy \[i.e., 2,769×(0.5×0.08 + 0.5×0.10)\] after achieving an
F~bio~ of 90 percent for all of these units. Therefore, a total benzene
emission reduction of 139 tpy is estimated from the baseline. Using the
7.8 percent benzene to HAP ratio determined previously, we estimate that
the performance improvements of EBUs will also achieve a total organic
HAP emission reduction of 1,782 tpy (i.e., 139/0.078).

**V. [Cost Assessment]{.underline}**

The cost of performing an F~bio~ test is expected to be \$25,000 per
refinery. These one-time costs were averaged over 5 years, so that the
annual cost of the performance evaluation was \$5,000/yr. Once the
performance evaluation is completed, refineries are expected to develop
operating limits for the minimum mixed liquor suspended solids (MLVSS)
concentration and the maximum food to microorganism ratio, which must be
determined on a weekly basis. Although owners and operators of EBU are
expected to routinely conduct these analyses, we estimated that an
additional cost of \$5,000/yr would be incurred for these analyses and
the associated recordkeeping and reporting requirements. Therefore,
refineries using EBU for treatment of affected wastewater streams would
incur, on average, a cost of \$10,000/yr over the first 5 years from the
initial compliance data.

Only refineries with total annual benzene (TAB) quantities exceeding 10
Mg/yr are subject to the BWON requirements. Using the benzene wastewater
loading rates predicted using the methods reported in EPA 1998, we
estimate that 113 refineries are potentially subject to an EBU
performance evaluation. Therefore, that total nationwide annual cost of
the EBU performance evaluation and ongoing compliance monitoring is
estimated to by \$1.13-million per year.

**VI. [References]{.underline}**

Allen, C. 2001. Memorandum to Elaine Manning, W&CPG. "Evaluation of air
emissions from enhanced biodegradation units. March 8, 2001.

EIA (Energy Information Agency). 2006. *Refinery Capacity Report 2006.*
Prepared by the Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC. June
15.Number range CHAPTER

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. *Locating and
Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Benzene*. EPA-454/R-98-011.
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park,
NC.

Number range CHAPTER

U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2002. *Industrial Waste Air
Model Technical Background Document*. EPA-530-R-02-010. Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
<http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/industd/iwair.htm>

**ATTACHMENT 1**

**Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Load Estimates**

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table A-1.                                                                                           
  Facility-specific                                                                                      
  Estimates of                                                                                           
  Benzene and Organic                                                                                    
  HAP Load to                                                                                            
  Wastewater**                                                                                           
  ------------------- ------------------ --------------- -------- ------------- ----------- ------------ ------------
  Facility No.        FacName            City            State    Refinery      Total       Organic HAP  Esti-mated
                                                                  Through-put   Benzene     load to      TAB, Mg/yr
                                                                  Capacity      load to     WWTS,        
                                                                  (bbl/cd)      WWTS,       tons/yr      
                                                                                tons/yr                  

  37                  Valero Energy      Delaware City   DE       181,500       74.7        956.9        63.4

  37.5                Citgo Petroleum    Savannah        GA       28,000        16.1        72.0         14.6

  87                  Hess Corporation   Port Reading    NJ       58,500        6.8         230.8        5.6

  87.3                Chevron USA        Perth Amboy     NJ       80,000        31.7        283.4        28.8

  87.6                Citgo Asphalt      Paulsboro       NJ       32,000        31.3        80.2         28.4
                      Refining Co.                                                                       

  88                  Sunoco             Westville       NJ       145,000       42.7        734.5        35.2

  89                  ConocoPhillips     Linden          NJ       238,000       74.1        1,280.0      62.2

  90                  Valero Energy      Paulsboro       NJ       160,000       61.6        740.0        52.3
                      Corp.                                                                              

  105                 Sunoco, Inc.       Marcus Hook     PA       175,000       46.1        893.2        38.2

  106                 Sunoco, Inc.       Philadelphia    PA       335,000       99.6        1,746.9      83.3

  107                 ConocoPhillips     Trainer /       PA       185,000       52.9        960.3        44.6
                                         Marcus Hook                                                     

  140                 Giant Refining     Yorktown        VA       58,600        23.3        303.8        20.3

  104                 American Refining  Bradford        PA       10,000        2.4         36.4         2.1
                      Group                                                                              

  108                 United Refining    Warren          PA       65,000        27.8        276.6        23.6
                      Co.                                                                                

  147                 Ergon-West         Newell (Congo)  WV       20,000        5.6         77.7         4.9
                      Virginia Inc.                                                                      

  41                  PDV Midwest        Lemont          IL       167,000       65.1        853.5        55.1
                      Refining                                                                           

  42                  ExxonMobil Corp.   Joliet          IL       238,500       95.9        1,262.2      80.4

  43                  Marathon Petroleum Robinson        IL       192,000       73.8        1,067.1      61.7
                      Co.                                                                                

  46                  ConocoPhillips     Wood River      IL       306,000       127.5       1,500.7      110.4

  47                  BP                 Whiting         IN       410,000       170.8       2,002.9      143.8

  48                  Countrymark        Mt. Vernon      IN       23,000        8.2         119.1        6.7
                      Cooperative                                                                        

  53                  Marathon Petroleum Catlettsburg    KY       222,000       89.2        1,140.4      73.6
                      Co.                                                                                

  54                  Somerset Refinery  Somerset        KY       5,500         1.2         28.3         1.1
                      Inc.                                                                               

  75                  Marathon Petroleum Detroit         MI       100,000       38.6        476.6        32.8
                      Co.                                                                                

  95                  BP PLC             Toledo          OH       131,000       62.9        718.8        54.4

  96                  Marathon Petroleum Canton          OH       73,000        28.0        367.0        23.8
                      Co.                                                                                

  97                  Valero Energy      Lima            OH       146,900       61.8        807.3        52.2

  98                  Sunoco, Inc.       Toledo          OH       160,000       51.0        863.7        43.4

  109                 Valero Energy      Memphis         TN       180,000       45.3        967.7        37.2

  76                  Flint Hills        Rosemount       MN       279,300       136.1       1,355.6      114.0
                      Resourses                                                                          

  77                  Marathon Petroleum St. Paul Park   MN       70,000        28.8        352.0        23.6
                      Co.                                                                                

  94                  Tesoro             Mandan          ND       58,000        14.6        307.1        12.4

  148                 Murphy Oil USA     Superior        WI       34,300        13.4        160.9        11.4
                      Inc.                                                                               

  50                  Coffeyville        Coffeyville     KS       112,000       35.2        548.6        29.6
                      Refining                                                                           

  51                  National           McPherson       KS       81,200        32.8        417.0        26.6
                      Cooperative                                                                        
                      Refinery                                                                           
                      Association                                                                        

  52                  Frontier Oil Corp. El Dorado       KS       106,000       40.4        546.1        32.6

  99                  ConocoPhillips     Ponca City      OK       194,000       69.5        1,017.8      57.1

  100                 Wynnewood Refining Wynnewood       OK       54,000        20.7        266.3        18.1
                      Co.                                                                                

  101                 Sinclair Oil Corp. Tulsa           OK       70,300        27.7        326.0        23.1

  102                 Sunoco, Inc.       Tulsa           OK       85,000        27.3        387.4        23.5

  103                 Valero Energy      Ardmore         OK       83,640        31.9        403.6        26.7

  110                 AGE Refining &     San Antonio     TX       12,200        2.1         59.5         1.9
                      Manufacturing                                                                      

  111                 Alon USA Energy    Big Spring      TX       67,000        29.3        348.6        25.1
                      Inc.                                                                               

  114                 Western Refining   El Paso         TX       116,000       33.9        594.0        28.9

  121                 Delek Refining Ltd Tyler           TX       58,000        18.4        308.3        15.8

  125                 ConocoPhillips     Borger          TX       146,000       40.5        795.8        31.5

  130                 Valero Energy      Three Rivers    TX       90,000        39.8        472.0        34.1

  131                 Valero Energy      Sunray          TX       158,327       61.8        842.1        53.8

  112                 Total SA           Port Arthur     TX       232,000       75.4        1,102.3      64.2

  113                 BP                 Texas City      TX       437,000       191.9       2,166.2      159.0

  115                 Citgo              Corpus Christi  TX       156,000       75.0        735.1        63.4

  117                 Pasadena Refining  Pasadena        TX       100,000       32.0        506.3        27.7
                      Systems                                                                            

  118                 ExxonMobil Oil     Baytown         TX       562,500       224.3       2,824.1      185.5
                      Corp                                                                               

  119                 ExxonMobil Oil     Beaumont        TX       348,500       139.7       1,737.8      116.7
                      Corp                                                                               

  120                 Flint Hills        Corpus Christi  TX       288,126       101.7       1,344.5      85.7
                      Resources                                                                          

  122                 Lyondell-Citgo     Houston         TX       270,200       116.0       1,299.6      97.3
                      Refining Co.                                                                       

  123                 Marathon Petroleum Texas City      TX       72,000        18.3        353.9        16.3
                      Co.                                                                                

  124                 Motiva Enterprises Port Arthur     TX       285,000       97.4        1,307.5      82.7

  126                 ConocoPhillips     Sweeny          TX       247,000       100.3       1,203.6      84.0

  127                 Valero Energy      Port Arthur     TX       260,000       113.0       1,269.8      94.6
                      Corp.                                                                              

  128                 Shell Oil - Deer   Deer Park       TX       333,700       127.6       1,620.7      106.4
                      Park                                                                               

  129                 Trigeant Ltd.      Corpus Christi  TX       26,100        10.8        67.2         9.8

  129.5               South Hampton      Silsbee         TX       3,600         1.4         18.7         1.0
                      Resources                                                                          

  132                 Valero Energy      Corpus Christi  TX       142,000       96.0        652.4        78.9

  133                 Valero Energy      Houston         TX       83,000        34.0        432.0        29.5

  134                 Valero Energy      Texas City      TX       213,750       96.4        1,097.6      80.3

  1                   Gulf Atlantic      Mobile Bay      AL       16,700        10.3        55.7         9.3
                      Operations                                                                         

  3                   Shell Chemical LP  Saraland        AL       80,000        20.6        379.0        17.4

  55                  Pelican Refining   Lake Charles    LA       13,500        1.6         54.5         1.5
                      Co.                                                                                

  56                  Calcasieu Refining Lake Charles    LA       30,000        5.0         133.7        4.3
                      Co.                                                                                

  61                  Citgo Petroleum    Lake Charles    LA       429,500       169.4       2,052.2      144.9
                      Corp.                                                                              

  62                  ConocoPhillips     Westlake        LA       239,400       94.2        1,075.8      79.8

  63                  ExxonMobil Corp.   Baton Rouge     LA       501,000       178.6       2,440.1      150.5

  64                  ExxonMobil Corp.   Chalmette       LA       188,160       75.2        921.6        62.4

  65                  Marathon Petroleum Garyville       LA       245,000       123.3       1,232.1      100.6
                      Co.                                                                                

  66                  Motiva Enterprises Convent         LA       235,000       69.0        1,200.0      56.0

  67                  Motiva Enterprises Norco           LA       226,500       76.4        1,159.0      65.1

  68                  Murphy Oil USA     Meraux          LA       120,000       53.4        574.0        46.0
                      Inc.                                                                               

  69                  Valero Energy      Norco           LA       185,003       76.1        905.6        64.0

  71                  Placid Refining    Port Allen      LA       56,000        18.2        281.6        15.8
                      Inc.                                                                               

  72                  Shell Chemical Co. St. Rose        LA       55,000        10.0        248.6        9.1

  73                  ConocoPhillips     Belle Chasse    LA       247,000       78.5        1,187.0      67.5

  74                  Valero Energy      Krotz Springs   LA       80,000        20.3        393.2        17.5

  78                  Chevron USA Inc.   Pascagoula      MS       330,000       165.0       1,551.3      142.6

  1.5                 Goodway Refining   Atmore          AL       4,100         0.7         15.2         0.6

  2                   Hunt Refining Co.  Tuscaloosa      AL       34,500        20.9        115.1        18.2

  11                  Cross Oil &        Smackover       AR       7,200         2.7         11.8         2.3
                      Refining Co.                                                                       

  12                  Lion Oil Co.       El Dorado       AR       70,000        28.5        275.0        23.5

  57                  Calumet Lubricants Cotton Valley   LA       13,020        2.1         47.8         1.8
                      Co.                                                                                

  58                  Calumet Lubricants Princeton       LA       8,300         3.6         12.5         3.1
                      Co.                                                                                

  70                  Calumet Lubricants Shreveport      LA       42,000        18.4        139.8        15.6

  79                  Ergon Refining     Vicksburg       MS       23,000        10.8        42.8         9.5
                      Inc.                                                                               

  80                  Hunt Southland     Lumberton       MS       \-            (facility                
                      Refining                                                  is                       
                                                                                currently                
                                                                                idled)                   

  81                  Hunt Southland     Sandersville    MS       11,000        5.0         32.1         4.6
                      Refining                                                                           

  91                  Giant Refining Co. Bloomfield      NM       16,800        4.3         94.6         3.8

  92                  Giant Refining Co. Gallup          NM       20,800        6.2         120.5        5.1

  93                  Navajo Refining    Artesia +       NM       75,000        24.2        407.9        19.9
                      Co.                Lovington                                                       

  35                  Suncor Energy      Commerce City   CO       62,000        21.8        285.1        18.9

  36                  Suncor Energy      Denver          CO       32,000        9.0         164.6        7.9

  82                  Cenex Harvest      Laurel          MT       55,000        26.4        238.2        22.7
                      States                                                                             

  83                  ConocoPhillips     Billings        MT       58,000        24.7        303.8        20.5

  84                  ExxonMobil Corp.   Billings        MT       60,000        27.8        271.9        23.7

  85                  Montana Refining   Great Falls     MT       8,200         4.0         31.6         3.4
                      Co.                                                                                

  135                 Tesoro             Salt Lake City  UT       58,000        14.2        293.1        12.2

  136                 Chevron USA        Salt Lake City  UT       45,000        15.4        232.0        13.1

  137                 Silver Eagle       Woods Cross     UT       10,250        3.3         46.7         2.9
                      Refining Inc.                                                                      

  138                 Big West Oil Co.   Salt Lake City  UT       29,400        8.0         150.7        6.5

  139                 Holly Corp.        Woods Cross     UT       24,700        10.7        127.9        9.1

  149                 Frontier Oil &     Cheyenne        WY       47,000        22.6        203.0        19.5
                      Refining Co.                                                                       

  150                 Little America     Evansville      WY       24,500        7.5         120.5        6.5
                      Refining Co.       (Casper)                                                        

  150.5               Silver Eagle       Evanston        WY       3,000         1.2         15.8         0.9
                      Refining Inc.                                                                      

  151                 Sinclair Oil Corp. Sinclair        WY       66,000        22.4        323.0        19.2

  152                 Wyoming Refining   Newcastle       WY       12,500        3.3         64.4         2.8
                      Co.                                                                                

  4                   BP                 Prudhoe Bay     AK       12,500        2.1         58.9         1.9

  5                   ConocoPhillips     Kuparuk         AK       14,000        2.4         66.0         2.1
                      Alaska                                                                             

  6                   Petro Star Inc.    North Pole      AK       17,000        2.7         79.2         2.5

  7                   Petro Star Inc.    Valdez          AK       48,000        7.7         223.3        7.0

  8                   Tesoro Petroleum   Kenai           AK       72,000        18.7        351.8        16.3
                      Corp.                                                                              

  9                   Flint Hills        North Pole      AK       210,000       36.7        970.1        33.3
                      Resources                                                                          

  14                  BP                 Carson          CA       260,000       97.0        1,367.8      82.9

  15                  Chevron USA Inc.   El Segundo      CA       260,000       100.2       1,343.3      82.6

  16                  Chevron USA Inc.   Richmond        CA       242,901       125.9       1,325.4      104.3

  17                  Big West of CA     Bakersfield     CA       66,000        26.5        328.5        23.3

  18                  Shell Oil Products Martinez        CA       155,600       74.2        809.0        62.3
                      US                                                                                 

  19                  Shell Oil Products Wilmington      CA       98,500        50.9        541.7        40.7
                      US                                                                                 

  19.5                Edgington Oil Co.  Long Beach      CA       26,000        14.4        109.0        13.1

  20                  ExxonMobil Corp.   Torrance        CA       149,500       64.6        792.6        54.4

  22                  Greka Energy       Santa Maria     CA       9,500         4.9         29.9         4.4

  24                  Valero Energy      Wilmington      CA       6,200         2.9         20.2         2.6

  25                  Kern Oil &         Bakersfield     CA       26,000        5.3         124.4        4.5
                      Refining Co.                                                                       

  26                  Paramount          Paramount       CA       50,000        20.2        202.8        17.7
                      Petroleum                                                                          

  27                  San Joaquin        Bakersfield     CA       15,000        11.6        58.2         10.4
                      Refining Co.                                                                       

  28                  Ten By Inc.        Oxnard          CA       2,800         1.3         10.8         1.2

  29                  ConocoPhillips     LA - Carson/    CA       139,000       63.8        726.2        52.9
                                         Wilmington                                                      

  30.1                ConocoPhillips     SF - Rodeo      CA       76,000        37.4        404.6        31.5

  30.2                ConocoPhillips     Arroyo Grande   CA       44,200        17.1        208.1        15.5
                                         (Santa Maria)                                                   

  31                  Tesoro             Golden Eagle    CA       166,000       72.5        909.0        61.2

  32                  Valero Energy      Wilmington      CA       80,887        35.7        424.7        28.6

  33                  Valero Energy      Benicia         CA       144,000       63.1        766.3        52.9

  34                  Lunday-Thagard Co. South Gate      CA       8,500         4.6         27.9         4.2

  39                  Chevron USA Inc.   Honolulu        HI       54,000        19.0        232.3        16.8
                                         (Barber\'s                                                      
                                         Point)                                                          

  40                  Tesoro Hawaii      Kapolei         HI       93,500        27.7        465.6        24.9
                      Petrol.                                                                            

  86                  Foreland Refining  Tonopah/Eagle   NV       2,000         3.4         9.3          3.1
                      Co.                Springs                                                         

  103.5               Chevron USA        Portland        OR       9,000         4.4         20.3         4.0

  141                 BP                 Ferndale        WA       225,000       86.6        1,154.4      75.9

  142                 Shell Oil Products Anacortes       WA       145,000       49.5        742.9        41.6
                      US                                                                                 

  144                 Tesoro             Anacortes       WA       120,000       50.6        634.0        43.8

  145                 ConocoPhillips     Ferndale        WA       96,000        26.7        502.0        21.8

  146                 US Oil & Refining  Tacoma          WA       37,850        13.0        163.7        11.2
                      Co.                                                                                

  153                 Hovensa LLC        Kingshill (St.  V.Isl    495,000       188.4       2,528.4      158.2
                                         Croix)                                                          

  155                 Shell Chemical     Yabucoa         P.Rico   77,900        21.0        391.4        18.6
                      Yabucoa Inc.                                                                       

                                                                  **Totals**    **6,922**   **89,252**   **5,843**
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