**[MODULE OVERVIEW:]{.underline}**

> Students often underestimate the danger of a fire and are unsure of
> how to decide if they should use a fire extinguisher. This module
> employs a video presentation and demonstration to provide students
> with an awareness level of knowledge that can guide their decisions
> when it is too dangerous to utilize a fire extinguisher. This purpose
> of this module is not to teach the student how to use a fire
> extinguisher as much as it provides instruction n how to size up a
> fire and understand the limitations of extinguishers. As such, this
> program should not be presented or constructed as a definitive source
> of fire related instruction. Based on the limited nature of this
> lesson plan it should be expanded and or adapted to address local
> needs.

**[GENERAL DESCRIPTION:]{.underline}**

> Living with Fire is a unique, student-centered project that seeks to
> determine and address the needs of the student relating to the dangers
> of fire in the college environment. As students, you must now be
> capable of independently making the correct choices that affect your
> ability to survive should a fire develop.
>
> This program will establish a national source for college fire related
> information and produce a series of new activities, events and
> educational resources specific to the college student. If we are going
> to make a difference and reduce the tragic effects of fire, we need
> your candid conversation and honest input. During this focus group,
> please provide as much input and discussion when responding to a
> question or discussion. Your assistance will help us to create quality
> programs that will save lives.
>
> This module seeks to provide students with an increased awareness
> relative to the danger of fire. As such this program should not be
> presented or constructed as a definitive source of fire related
> instruction. Based on the limited nature of this lesson plan it should
> be expanded and or adapted to address local needs.

**[DISCLAIMER:]{.underline}**

This lesson plan may not address all of the issues, needs, requirements
and policies of your college or university. It's objective is to provide
a basis for the development of a lesson plan specific to your
institution. The instructor MUST evaluate the relevancy of the
information in this lesson plan to your local conditions and use it as a
resource to modify as necessary to address local needs.

This lesson plans involve the use of live fire in demonstrating the
proper use of a fire extinguisher. The instructor MUST ensure that all
proper safety precautions are followed and that proper personal
protective equipment and clothing are provided. This lesson plan does
NOT cover all of the issues associated with live fire training. The
proper authorities should be contacted prior to conducting this training
to ensure that all necessary safeguards are in place and followed.

**[INTERNET REFERENCE SOURCES:]{.underline}**

> **American Cancer Society**
>
> [**www.cancer.org**](http://www.cancer.org/)
>
> **Campus Firewatch**
>
> [**www.campus-firewatch.com**](http://www.campus-firewatch.com/)
>
> **National Electric Manufacturers Association**
>
> [**www.nema.org**](http://www.nema.org/)
>
> **National Fire Sprinkler Association**
>
> [**www.nfsa.org**](http://www.nfsa.org/)

**NFPA International**

[**www.nfpa.org**](http://www.nfpa.org/)

**SimplexGrinnell**

[**www.simplexgrinnell.com**](http://www.simplexgrinnell.com/)

**United States Fire Administration**

[**www.usfa.fema.gov**](http://www.usfa.fema.gov/)

**University of Texas System**

[**www.utsystem.edu**](http://www.utsystem.edu/)

**[INSTRUCTOR TIME GUIDE:]{.underline}**

**This lesson should not exceed fifty minutes inclusive of practical
activities.**

-   **25 minutes -- overview of the limitations of fire extinguisher**

-   **To be determined depending upon the level of student involvement
    and the size of the group -- practical demonstration and student
    experience activities**

**[METHODS OF INSTRUCTION:]{.underline}**

-   **Lecture**

-   **Illustration**

-   **Practical activities and demonstration**

**[RECOMMENDED MATERIALS, VISUAL AIDS & EQUIPMENT:]{.underline}**

-   **Computer for PowerPoint presentation**

-   **Projection screen**

-   **PowerPoint presentation - assembled from materials located on the
    Living With Fire website such as the Photo Library and Live Burn**

-   **Examples of items destroyed by fire**

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   **NFPA fire extinguisher video tape (www.nfpa.org)**

-   **NFPA fire extinguisher brochures (www.nfpa.org)**

-   **Living With Fire student information bulletins**

-   **Fire extinguishers**

## Class A combustibles

-   **An ignition sources such as a lighter or propane torch or flare
    taped on a pole**

**[LEARNING OBJECTIVES:]{.underline}**

# Provide an overview of fire and fire extinguishers

-   **Provide the student with an understanding of the limitations of a
    fire extinguisher**

-   **Provide the student with the opportunity to observe a fire
    extinguisher being utilized**

+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Oxygen, heat, and fuel are | +-------------------------+---------+   |
| frequently referred to as  | | **1. The Fire           |         |   |
| the \"fire triangle.\" Add | | Triangle**              |         |   |
| in the fourth element, the | |                         |         |   |
| chemical reaction, and you | | In order to understand  |         |   |
| actually have a fire       | | how fire extinguishers  |         |   |
| \"tetrahedron.\" The       | | work, you first need to |         |   |
| important thing to         | | know a little bit about |         |   |
| remember is: take any of   | | fire. Four things must  |         |   |
| these four things away,    | | be present at the same  |         |   |
| and you will not have a    | | time in order to        |         |   |
| fire or the fire will be   | | produce fire:           |         |   |
| extinguished.              | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | A. Enough **oxygen** to |         |   |
| Fire safety, at its most   | | sustain combustion,     |         |   |
| basic, is based upon the   | |                         |         |   |
| principle of keeping fuel  | | B. Enough **heat** to   |         |   |
| sources and ignition       | | raise the material to   |         |   |
| sources separate.          | | its ignition            |         |   |
|                            | | temperature,            |         |   |
| Essentially, **fire        | |                         |         |   |
| extinguishers put out fire | | C. Some sort of         |         |   |
| by taking away one or more | | **fuel** or combustible |         |   |
| elements of the fire**     | | material, and the       |         |   |
| triangle/tetrahedron.      | | chemical, exothermic    |         |   |
|                            | | reaction that is fire.  |         |   |
| Mention that the time to   | |                         |         |   |
| learn how to use a fire    | | **2. Classifications of |         |   |
| extinguisher is BEFORE a   | | Fuels**                 |         |   |
| fire breaks out; it is NOT | |                         |         |   |
| on the job training.       | | Not all fuels are the   |         |   |
|                            | | same, and if you use    |         |   |
| Class D fires would most   | | the wrong type of fire  |         |   |
| often be found in the      | | extinguisher on the     |         |   |
| college environment in a   | | wrong type of fuel, you |         |   |
| laboratory or other        | | can, in fact, make      |         |   |
| research setting.          | | matters worse. It is    |         |   |
|                            | | therefore very          |         |   |
| Many commonly used         | | important to understand |         |   |
| extinguishers are dry      | | the four different      |         |   |
| chemical based and propel  | | classifications of      |         |   |
| a powdery substance.       | | fuel.                   |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
| [Never use water to        | | **A. Class A** -- Wood, |         |   |
| extinguish flammable       | | paper, cloth, trash,    |         |   |
| liquid fires]{.underline}. | | and plastics. Solid     |         |   |
| Water is extremely         | | combustible materials   |         |   |
| ineffective at             | | that are not metals.    |         |   |
| extinguishing this type of | | (Remembering Tip:       |         |   |
| fire, and you may, in      | | Leaves an               |         |   |
| fact, spread the fire if   | | **[A]{.underline}**sh)  |         |   |
| you try to use water on    | |                         |         |   |
| it.                        | | **B. Class B** --       |         |   |
|                            | | Flammable liquids:      |         |   |
| [Never use water to        | | gasoline, oil, grease,  |         |   |
| extinguish an electrical   | | and acetone. Any        |         |   |
| fire]{.underline}. Water   | | non-metal in a liquid   |         |   |
| is a good conductor, and   | | state, on fire.         |         |   |
| there is some concern for  | | (Remembering Tip: Can   |         |   |
| electrocution if you were  | | **[B]{.underline}**oil) |         |   |
| to use water to extinguish | |                         |         |   |
| an electrical fire.        | | **C. Class C** --       |         |   |
| Electrical equipment must  | | Electrical: energized   |         |   |
| be unplugged and/or        | | electrical equipment.   |         |   |
| de-energized before using  | | As long as it's         |         |   |
| a water extinguisher on    | | "plugged in," it would  |         |   |
| it.                        | | be considered a class C |         |   |
|                            | | fire. (Remembering Tip: |         |   |
| [\"ABC\" fire              | | Carries                 |         |   |
| extinguishers are filled   | | a **                    |         |   |
| with a fine yellow         | | [C]{.underline}**ircuit |         |   |
| powder]{.underline}. The   | | or                      |         |   |
| greatest portion of this   | | **[                     |         |   |
| powder is composed of      | | C]{.underline}**urrent) |         |   |
| mono-ammonium phosphate.   | |                         |         |   |
| [Nitrogen]{.underline} is  | | **D. Class D** --       |         |   |
| used to pressurize the     | | Metals: potassium,      |         |   |
| extinguishers.             | | sodium, aluminum, and   |         |   |
|                            | | magnesium.              |         |   |
| ABC extinguishers are red  | |                         |         |   |
| and range in size from 5   | | **3. Types of Fire      |         |   |
| lbs. to 20 lbs.            | | Extinguishers**         |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
| Dry chemical extinguishers | | A. Most fire            |         |   |
| put out fire by coating    | | extinguishers will have |         |   |
| the fuel with a thin layer | | a pictograph label      |         |   |
| of dust, separating the    | | telling which fuels the |         |   |
| fuel from the oxygen in    | | extinguisher is         |         |   |
| the air. The powder also   | | designed to fight       |         |   |
| works to interrupt the     | |                         |         |   |
| chemical reaction of fire, | | B. Different types of   |         |   |
| so these extinguishers are | | fire extinguishers are  |         |   |
| extremely effective at     | | designed to fight       |         |   |
| putting out fire.          | | different classes of    |         |   |
|                            | | fire. The three most    |         |   |
|                            | | common types of fire    |         |   |
|                            | | extinguishers are:      |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | -   · **Pressurized     |         |   |
|                            | |     water (PW)          |         |   |
|                            | |     extinguishers**     |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | -   **· Carbon dioxide  |         |   |
|                            | |     extinguisher, and** |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | -   **· Dry chemical    |         |   |
|                            | |     extinguishers**     |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **4. Water (PW)         |         |   |
|                            | | Extinguishers**         |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **PWs are designed for  |         |   |
|                            | | Class A** (wood, paper, |         |   |
|                            | | cloth) fires only.      |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | [PWs extinguish fire by |         |   |
|                            | | taking away the         |         |   |
|                            | | "heat"]{.underline}     |         |   |
|                            | | element of the fire     |         |   |
|                            | | triangle.               |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **5. Carbon Dioxide     |         |   |
|                            | | (CO2) Extinguishers**   |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | Carbon Dioxide          |         |   |
|                            | | extinguishers are       |         |   |
|                            | | filled with             |         |   |
|                            | | non-flammable carbon    |         |   |
|                            | | dioxide gas under       |         |   |
|                            | | extreme pressure. You   |         |   |
|                            | | can recognize a CO2     |         |   |
|                            | | extinguisher by its     |         |   |
|                            | | hard horn and lack of   |         |   |
|                            | | pressure gauge. The     |         |   |
|                            | | pressure in the         |         |   |
|                            | | cylinder is so great    |         |   |
|                            | | that when you use one   |         |   |
|                            | | of these extinguishers, |         |   |
|                            | | bits of dry ice may     |         |   |
|                            | | shoot out the horn.     |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | CO2 cylinders are red   |         |   |
|                            | | and range in size from  |         |   |
|                            | | 5 lbs to 100 lbs or     |         |   |
|                            | | larger. In the larger   |         |   |
|                            | | sizes, the hard horn    |         |   |
|                            | | will be located on the  |         |   |
|                            | | end of a long, flexible |         |   |
|                            | | hose.                   |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **CO2's are designed    |         |   |
|                            | | for Class B and C       |         |   |
|                            | | (flammable liquid and   |         |   |
|                            | | electrical) fires       |         |   |
|                            | | only.**                 |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **6. Dry Chemical       |         |   |
|                            | | Extinguishers**         |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | Dry Chemical            |         |   |
|                            | | Extinguishers come in a |         |   |
|                            | | variety of types. You   |         |   |
|                            | | may see them labeled:   |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | · "**ABC**" indicating  |         |   |
|                            | | that they are designed  |         |   |
|                            | | to extinguish class A,  |         |   |
|                            | | B, and C fires, or      |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | · "**BC**" indicating   |         |   |
|                            | | that they are designed  |         |   |
|                            | | to extinguish class B   |         |   |
|                            | | and C fires.            |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | It is extremely         |         |   |
|                            | | important to identify   |         |   |
|                            | | which types of dry      |         |   |
|                            | | chemical extinguishers  |         |   |
|                            | | are located in your     |         |   |
|                            | | area. Read the labels   |         |   |
|                            | | and know their          |         |   |
|                            | | locations! You don't    |         |   |
|                            | | want to mistakenly use  |         |   |
|                            | | a "BC" extinguisher on  |         |   |
|                            | | a Class A fire,         |         |   |
|                            | | thinking that it was an |         |   |
|                            | | "ABC" extinguisher.     |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | These extinguishers     |         |   |
|                            | | will be found in a      |         |   |
|                            | | variety of locations.   |         |   |
|                            | | They may also be found  |         |   |
|                            | | in kitchens,            |         |   |
|                            | | laboratories,           |         |   |
|                            | | mechanical rooms, break |         |   |
|                            | | rooms, chemical storage |         |   |
|                            | | areas, offices,         |         |   |
|                            | | university vehicles,    |         |   |
|                            | | etc.                    |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | Dry chemical            |         |   |
|                            | | extinguishers with      |         |   |
|                            | | powder designed for     |         |   |
|                            | | Class B and C fires may |         |   |
|                            | | be located in places    |         |   |
|                            | | such as commercial      |         |   |
|                            | | kitchens or areas with  |         |   |
|                            | | flammable liquids.      |         |   |
|                            | +-------------------------+---------+   |
|                            |                                         |
|                            | +-------------------------+---------+   |
|                            | | **7. Rules for Fighting |         |   |
|                            | | a Fire**                |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | Fires can be very       |         |   |
|                            | | dangerous and you       |         |   |
|                            | | should always be        |         |   |
|                            | | certain that you would  |         |   |
|                            | | not endanger yourself   |         |   |
|                            | | or others when          |         |   |
|                            | | attempting to put out a |         |   |
|                            | | fire. For this reason,  |         |   |
|                            | | when a fire is          |         |   |
|                            | | discovered:             |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | Assist any person in    |         |   |
|                            | | immediate danger to     |         |   |
|                            | | safety, if it can be    |         |   |
|                            | | accomplished without    |         |   |
|                            | | risk to you.            |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | Activate the building   |         |   |
|                            | | fire alarm system to    |         |   |
|                            | | alert the other         |         |   |
|                            | | occupants in the        |         |   |
|                            | | building, or alert them |         |   |
|                            | | by some other means.    |         |   |
|                            | | Notify the fire         |         |   |
|                            | | department by dialing   |         |   |
|                            | | 911 (or designating     |         |   |
|                            | | someone else to notify  |         |   |
|                            | | them for you). When you |         |   |
|                            | | activate the building   |         |   |
|                            | | fire alarm system, it   |         |   |
|                            | | may automatically       |         |   |
|                            | | notify the fire         |         |   |
|                            | | department and get help |         |   |
|                            | | on the way. It will     |         |   |
|                            | | also sound the building |         |   |
|                            | | alarms to notify other  |         |   |
|                            | | occupants.              |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | · Only after having     |         |   |
|                            | | done these things, if   |         |   |
|                            | | the fire is small, you  |         |   |
|                            | | may attempt to use an   |         |   |
|                            | | extinguisher to put it  |         |   |
|                            | | out.                    |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **8. Never Fight a Fire |         |   |
|                            | | If:**                   |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | A. [You don\'t know     |         |   |
|                            | | what is                 |         |   |
|                            | | burning.]{.underline}   |         |   |
|                            | | If you don\'t know what |         |   |
|                            | | is burning, you don\'t  |         |   |
|                            | | know what type of       |         |   |
|                            | | extinguisher to use.    |         |   |
|                            | | Even if you have an ABC |         |   |
|                            | | extinguisher, there may |         |   |
|                            | | be something in the     |         |   |
|                            | | fire that is going to   |         |   |
|                            | | explode or produce      |         |   |
|                            | | highly toxic smoke.     |         |   |
|                            | | Chances are, you will   |         |   |
|                            | | know what\'s burning,   |         |   |
|                            | | or at least have a      |         |   |
|                            | | pretty good idea, but   |         |   |
|                            | | if you don\'t, let the  |         |   |
|                            | | fire department handle  |         |   |
|                            | | it.                     |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | B. [The fire is         |         |   |
|                            | | spreading rapidly       |         |   |
|                            | | beyond the spot where   |         |   |
|                            | | it                      |         |   |
|                            | | started.]{.underline}   |         |   |
|                            | | The time to use an      |         |   |
|                            | | extinguisher is in the  |         |   |
|                            | | incipient, or           |         |   |
|                            | | beginning, stages of a  |         |   |
|                            | | fire. If the fire is    |         |   |
|                            | | already spreading       |         |   |
|                            | | quickly, it is best to  |         |   |
|                            | | simple evacuate the     |         |   |
|                            | | building, closing doors |         |   |
|                            | | and windows behind you  |         |   |
|                            | | as you leave.           |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | C. [You don\'t have     |         |   |
|                            | | adequate or appropriate |         |   |
|                            | | equipment.]{.underline} |         |   |
|                            | | If you don\'t have the  |         |   |
|                            | | correct type or large   |         |   |
|                            | | enough extinguisher, it |         |   |
|                            | | is best not to try to   |         |   |
|                            | | fight the fire.         |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | D. [You might inhale    |         |   |
|                            | | toxic                   |         |   |
|                            | | smoke.]{.underline} If  |         |   |
|                            | | the fire is producing   |         |   |
|                            | | large amounts of smoke  |         |   |
|                            | | that you would have to  |         |   |
|                            | | breathe in order to     |         |   |
|                            | | fight it, it is best    |         |   |
|                            | | not to try. Any sort of |         |   |
|                            | | combustion will produce |         |   |
|                            | | some amount of carbon   |         |   |
|                            | | monoxide, but when      |         |   |
|                            | | synthetic materials     |         |   |
|                            | | such as the nylon in    |         |   |
|                            | | carpeting or foam       |         |   |
|                            | | padding in a sofa burn, |         |   |
|                            | | they can produce highly |         |   |
|                            | | toxic gases such as     |         |   |
|                            | | hydrogen cyanide, and   |         |   |
|                            | | ammonia in addition to  |         |   |
|                            | | carbon monoxide. These  |         |   |
|                            | | gases can be fatal in   |         |   |
|                            | | very small amounts.     |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | E. [Your instincts tell |         |   |
|                            | | you not                 |         |   |
|                            | | to]{.underline}. If you |         |   |
|                            | | are uncomfortable with  |         |   |
|                            | | the situation for any   |         |   |
|                            | | reason, just let the    |         |   |
|                            | | fire department do      |         |   |
|                            | | their job.              |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | [The final and most     |         |   |
|                            | | important               |         |   |
|                            | | rule]{.underline} is to |         |   |
|                            | | always position         |         |   |
|                            | | yourself with an exit   |         |   |
|                            | | or [means of escape at  |         |   |
|                            | | your back before you    |         |   |
|                            | | attempt to use an       |         |   |
|                            | | ex                      |         |   |
|                            | | tinguisher]{.underline} |         |   |
|                            | | to put out a fire. In   |         |   |
|                            | | case the extinguisher   |         |   |
|                            | | malfunctions, or        |         |   |
|                            | | something unexpected    |         |   |
|                            | | happens, you need to be |         |   |
|                            | | able to get out         |         |   |
|                            | | quickly, and you don\'t |         |   |
|                            | | want to become trapped. |         |   |
|                            | | Just remember; always   |         |   |
|                            | | keep an exit at your    |         |   |
|                            | | back.                   |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **9. How to Use a Fire  |         |   |
|                            | | Extinguisher**          |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | It\'s easy to remember  |         |   |
|                            | | how to use a fire       |         |   |
|                            | | extinguisher if you can |         |   |
|                            | | remember the acronym    |         |   |
|                            | | **PASS**, which stands  |         |   |
|                            | | for **P**ull, **A**im,  |         |   |
|                            | | **S**queeze, and        |         |   |
|                            | | **S**weep.              |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | [**Pull**]{.underline}  |         |   |
|                            | | the Pin.                |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | \...\...\....This will  |         |   |
|                            | | "unlock" the            |         |   |
|                            | | extinguisher.           |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **[Aim]{.underline}**   |         |   |
|                            | | at the base of the      |         |   |
|                            | | fire.                   |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | \...\...\....If you aim |         |   |
|                            | | at the flames (which is |         |   |
|                            | | frequently the          |         |   |
|                            | | temptation), the        |         |   |
|                            | | extinguishing agent     |         |   |
|                            | | will fly right through  |         |   |
|                            | | and do no good. You     |         |   |
|                            | | want to hit the fuel    |         |   |
|                            | | that is at the base of  |         |   |
|                            | | the fire.               |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **                      |         |   |
|                            | | [Squeeze]{.underline}** |         |   |
|                            | | the top handle or       |         |   |
|                            | | lever.                  |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | \...\...\....This       |         |   |
|                            | | depresses a button that |         |   |
|                            | | releases the            |         |   |
|                            | | pressurized             |         |   |
|                            | | extinguishing agent in  |         |   |
|                            | | the extinguisher.       |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | **[Sweep]{.underline}** |         |   |
|                            | | from side to side       |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | \...\...\....Sweep      |         |   |
|                            | | until the fire is       |         |   |
|                            | | completely out. Start   |         |   |
|                            | | using the extinguisher  |         |   |
|                            | | from a safe distance    |         |   |
|                            | | away, and then move     |         |   |
|                            | | forward. Once the fire  |         |   |
|                            | | is out, keep an eye on  |         |   |
|                            | | the area in case it     |         |   |
|                            | | re-ignites.             |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | 10. **If Fire Strikes** |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | |     -   **Sound the     |         |   |
|                            | |         alarm**         |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | |     -   **Size up the   |         |   |
|                            | |         fire**          |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | |     -   **If in doubt   |         |   |
|                            | |         don't fight**   |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | |     -   **Select the    |         |   |
|                            | |         proper          |         |   |
|                            | |         extinguisher**  |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | |     -   **Text the      |         |   |
|                            | |         extinguisher**  |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | |     -   **Always keep   |         |   |
|                            | |         an exit at our  |         |   |
|                            | |         back**          |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | |     -   **Pull, aim,    |         |   |
|                            | |         squeeze,        |         |   |
|                            | |         sweep**         |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | |     -   **Back away --  |         |   |
|                            | |         don't run or    |         |   |
|                            | |         turn your back  |         |   |
|                            | |         to the fire**   |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | |     -   **Be ready for  |         |   |
|                            | |         the fire to     |         |   |
|                            | |         flare up**      |         |   |
|                            | |                         |         |   |
|                            | | 11. Questions           |         |   |
|                            | +-------------------------+---------+   |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+