[]{#Introduction
.anchor}![](media/image1.jpeg){width="2.7729166666666667in"
height="1.9020833333333333in"}**Introduction\
**

The Sprague 8-Digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) subbasin is comprised of
1,029,700 acres in Klamath and Lake Counties. Sixty-eight percent of the
subbasin is forestland. The remainder is largely grass/pasture/hayland,
range, water and wetlands. Resource concerns include streambank erosion,
diminishing water quality and aquatic habitat, noxious weeds, and poor
grazing practices and irrigation water management. Historically,
controversial social, political, and economic issues have severely
hampered the diffusion of conservation in the subbasin. However, there
are of late, increasingly more occurrences of cooperation leading to
improved resource management.

There are 221 farms and ranches, and 365 farmers/ranchers in the
subbasin. Generally, the farms and ranches are viable operations, in
fair to good financial health. Most operators are aware of local
resource concerns and have positive stewardship attitudes. However, only
recently have resources been available to aggressively encourage the
adoption of conservation systems. With community support the diffusion
of conservation in the subbasin is expected to increase.

The Klamath Falls and Lakeview NRCS Service Centers, three Soil and
Water Conservation Districts, Klamath Watershed Council, and other local
conservation organizations provide conservation assistance in the
subbasin.

[]{#ProfileContents .anchor}**nts**

> [Introduction](#Introduction)
>
> [Physical Description](#PhysicalDescription)
>
> [Land Use Map & Precipitation Map](#Map)
>
> [Common Resource Area](#CRA)

[Resource Concerns](#ResConcerns)

[Census and Social Data](#census)

[Progress/Status](#progressstatus)

[Footnotes/Bibliography](#Footnotes)

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="4.125in" height="3.5618055555555554in"}**\
Relief Map**

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="3.375in" height="3.5104166666666665in"}

[]{#PhysicalDescription .anchor}**\
Physical Description** [*Back to Contents*](#ProfileContents)

***[ALL NUMBERS IN THIS PROFILE ARE FOR OREGON ONLY]{.mark}***

+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| **Land Cover/Land    | *    |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| Use**                | *Own |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | ersh |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| ***(NLCD*[^/         | ip - |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| 2^](#Footnote2)*)*** | *(   |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | 2003 |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | D    |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | raft |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | BLM  |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | Sur  |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | face |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | Map  |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | Set  |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | *[^/ |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | 1^]( |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | #Foo |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | tnot |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | e1)* |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      | **)* |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
|                      | **   |    | **P  |    | ** |   | **Tot | *  |
|                      | Publ |    | riva |    | Tr |   | als** | *% |
|                      | ic** |    | te** |    | ib |   |       | ** |
|                      |      |    |      |    | al |   |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    | ** |   |       |    |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
|                      | *    | *  | *    | *  | *  | * |       |    |
|                      | *Acr | *% | *Acr | *% | *A | * |       |    |
|                      | es** | ** | es** | ** | cr | % |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    | es | * |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    | ** | * |       |    |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| Forest               | 474  | 4  | 225  | 2  | 0  | 0 | *     | *  |
|                      | ,000 | 6% | ,200 | 2% |    | % | *699, | *6 |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   | 200** | 8% |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | ** |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| Grain Crops          | \*   | \  | \*   | \  | 0  | 0 | *     | *  |
|                      |      | -- |      | -- |    | % | *\*** | *\ |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | -- |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | ** |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| Conservation Reserve | 0    | 0% | \*   | \  | 0  | 0 | *     | *  |
| Program Land         |      |    |      | -- |    | % | *\*** | *\ |
| [***^a^***](#crp)    |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | -- |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | ** |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| Grass/Pasture/Hay    | 18   | 2% | 59   | 6% | 0  | 0 | **77, | ** |
|                      | ,900 |    | ,000 |    |    | % | 900** | 8% |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | ** |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| Orchards/Vineyards   | 0    | 0% | 0    | 0% | 0  | 0 | **0** | ** |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    | % |       | 0% |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | ** |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| Row Crops            | \*   | \  | \*   | \  | 0  | 0 | *     | *  |
|                      |      | -- |      | -- |    | % | *\*** | *\ |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | -- |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | ** |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| Shrub/Rangelands     | 86   | 8% | 93   | 9% | 0  | 0 | *     | *  |
|                      | ,400 |    | ,600 |    |    | % | *180, | *1 |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   | 000** | 7% |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | ** |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| Water/Wetla          | \*   | \  | 54   | 5% | 0  | 0 | **62, | ** |
| nds/Developed/Barren |      | -- | ,400 |    |    | % | 500** | 6% |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       | ** |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| **Oregon HUC Totals  | **5  | *  | **4  | *  | *  | * | **1   | ** |
| [*b*](#Totals)**     | 87,4 | *5 | 42,4 | *4 | *0 | * | ,029, | 10 |
|                      | 00** | 7% | 00** | 3% | ** | 0 | 800** | 0% |
|                      |      | ** |      | ** |    | % |       | ** |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    | * |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    | * |       |    |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| *\*: Less than one   |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| percent of total     |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| acres. See below for |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| special              |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| considerations.*     |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| []{#crp .anchor}*a:  |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| Estimate from Farm   |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| Service Agency       |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| records and includes |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| CRP/CREP.*           |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| []{#Totals           |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| .anchor}*b: Totals   |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| are approximate due  |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| to rounding and      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| small unknown        |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| acreages.*           |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+
| **[Special           |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| Considerations for   |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| This 8-Digit         |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| HUC:]{.underline}**  |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| > Based on the NRCS  |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| > , Upper Klamath    |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| > Basin Rapid        |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| > Subbasin           |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| > Assessments:       |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| -   35 percent of    |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     private forest   |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     is in industrial |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     forest           |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     ownership.       |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| -   61,600 acres are |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     irrigated mostly |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     as pasture and   |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     grass hay.       |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|                      |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
| -   20 percent of    |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     the rangeland is |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     dominated by     |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
|     juniper.         |      |    |      |    |    |   |       |    |
+----------------------+------+----+------+----+----+---+-------+----+

  --------------------------- -------------------- ------------ ------------- ---------
  **Irrigated Lands**\        **Type of Land**     **ACRES**    **% of\       **% of\
  *(1997                                                        Irrigated     HUC**
  NRI*[^/3^](#Footnote3nri)                                     Lands**       
  *Estimates for Non-Federal                                                  
  Lands Only)*                                                                

                              Cultivated Cropland  1,100        5%            \<1%

                              Uncultivated         9,900        43%           \<1%
                              Cropland                                        

                              Pastureland          12,100       52%           1%

                              **Total Irrigated    **23,100**   **100%**      **2%**
                              Lands**                                         
  --------------------------- -------------------- ------------ ------------- ---------

***(Continued on the following pages)***

[]{#Map .anchor}![](media/image5.jpeg){width="5.125in"
height="4.329166666666667in"} [*Back to Contents*](#ProfileContents)

![](media/image6.jpeg){width="4.25in" height="4.076388888888889in"}

[]{#CRA .anchor}**Common Resource Area Map** [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

**Only the major units are described below - for descriptions of all
units within the HUC, go to:**
[[http://ice.or.nrcs.usda.gov/website/cra/viewer.htm]{.underline}](http://ice.or.nrcs.usda.gov/website/cra/viewer.htm)

![](media/image7.jpeg){width="4.643055555555556in"
height="3.9368055555555554in"}

**[6.10 -- Cascade Mountains, Eastern Slope - Cold Wet Pumice Plateau
Basins:]{.underline}** This unit is characterized by cold wet basins.
The soils are dominated by ash and pumice from Mt. Mazama with extensive
wetlands in Klamath and Sycan Marshes and groundwater quality issues in
Lapine Basin. Temperature regime is cryic with aquic soil conditions.

**[6.11 -- Cascade Mountains, Eastern Slope - Pumice Plateau
Forest:]{.underline}** This unit occurs on the southern extreme of the
MLRA and is characterized by nearly level to undulating pumice mantled
plateaus dominated by lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine. The soils
consist of deep deposits of ash and pumice from Mt. Mazama. Cold
temperatures and frost limit the production of ponderosa pine.
Temperature regime is cryic; moisture regime is xeric.

**[21.2 -- Klamath and Shasta Valleys and Basins - Fremont Pine-Fir
Forest:]{.underline}** This unit is characterized by forested mountains
and plateaus in the eastern portion of the MLRA. Temperature regime is
frigid with higher areas being cryic; moisture regime is xeric. Dominant
soils are Rogger, Mound, Chocktoot and Hallihan. Vegetation is
dominantly ponderosa pine and white fir with lodgepole pine in the
higher areas.

**[21.3 - Klamath and Shasta Valleys and Basins - Southern Cascade
Slope:]{.underline}** This unit is characterized by forested mountains
and plateaus in the western portion of the MLRA. Temperature regime is
frigid; moisture regime is xeric. Dominant soils are Pinehurst,
Greystoke, Woodcock and Royst. Vegetation is dominantly ponderosa pine,
Douglas-fir, with some Shasta red fir. The major separation of unit 21.2
from 21.3 is about Bly Mountain. White fir dominates in unit 21.2 and
Douglas-fir dominates in unit 21.3.

**[21.5 -- Klamath and Shasta Valleys and Basins - Cool Klamath Juniper
Woodland:]{.underline}** This unit is characterized by rangeland on
hills and mountains. Temperature regime is frigid; moisture regime is
xeric. Dominant soils are Booth, Bullump and Merlin. Vegetation is
dominated by mountain big sage, low sage and Idaho fescue. Precipitation
is about 14 to 18 inches.

**[21.6 - Klamath and Shasta Valleys and Basins - Cold Floodplains and
Basins:]{.underline}** This unit is characterized by floodplains and
terraces in cold basins. Temperature regime is cryic and frigid;
moisture regime is xeric. This unit is in the Sprague River Valley. Due
to cold temperatures, most areas are used for pasture or hayland.
Dominant soils are Lather, Klamath, Ontko, Kirk and Chock.

**Physical Description -- Continued** [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   |                            | **ACRES** | *      |
|                   |                            |           | *ACRE- |
|                   |                            |           | FEET** |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
| **Irrigated       | Surface                    | 35,417    | 1      |
| Adjudicated Water |                            |           | 05,887 |
| Rights**          |                            |           |        |
| *(OWRD*[^/4       |                            |           |        |
| ^](#Footnote4)*)* |                            |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Well                       | 23,344    | 69,981 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Total Irrigated            | 58,762    | 1      |
|                   | Adjudicated Water Rights   |           | 75,867 |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
| **Stream Flow     | USGS 11501000 SPRAGUE      | **Total   | 4      |
| Data**            | RIVER NEAR CHILOQUIN, OR   | Avg.      | 22,126 |
|                   |                            | Yield**   |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   |                            | **May -   | 1      |
|                   |                            | Sept      | 50,508 |
|                   |                            | Yield**   |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   |                            | **MILES** | **PER  |
|                   |                            |           | CENT** |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
| **Stream          | Total Miles -- Major (100K | 751       | \--    |
| Data**[^          | Hydro GIS Layer)           |           |        |
| /5^](#Footnote5)\ |                            |           |        |
| \                 |                            |           |        |
| *\*Percent of     |                            |           |        |
| Total Miles\      |                            |           |        |
| of Streams in     |                            |           |        |
| HUC*              |                            |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | 303d/TMDL Listed Streams   | 333       | 44%    |
|                   | (DEQ)                      |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Anadromous Fish Presence   | 0         | 0%     |
|                   | (StreamNet)                |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Bull Trout Presence        | 25        | 3%     |
|                   | (StreamNet)                |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   |                            | **ACRES** | **PER  |
|                   |                            |           | CENT** |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
| **Land            | Forest                     | 23,562    | 60%    |
| Cover/Use**[      |                            |           |        |
| ^/2^](#Footnote2) |                            |           |        |
|                   |                            |           |        |
| Based on a        |                            |           |        |
| 100-foot stretch  |                            |           |        |
| on both sides of  |                            |           |        |
| all streams in    |                            |           |        |
| the 100K Hydro    |                            |           |        |
| GIS Layer         |                            |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Grain Crops                | 847       | 2%     |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Grass/Pasture/Hay          | 3,914     | 10%    |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Orchards/Vineyards         | 0         | 0%     |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Row Crops                  | 50        | 0%     |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Shrub/Rangelands --        | 5,066     | 13%    |
|                   | Includes CRP Lands         |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | Water                      | 5,686     | 15%    |
|                   | /Wetlands/Developed/Barren |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | **Total Acres of 100-foot  | *         | *      |
|                   | Stream Buffers**           | *39,124** | *\--** |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
| **Land Capability | **1** -- slight            | 0         | 0%     |
| Class**           | limitations                |           |        |
|                   |                            |           |        |
| *(Croplands &     |                            |           |        |
| Pasturelands      |                            |           |        |
| Only)*            |                            |           |        |
|                   |                            |           |        |
| *(1997            |                            |           |        |
| NRI*[^/3          |                            |           |        |
| ^](#Footnote3nri) |                            |           |        |
| *Estimates for    |                            |           |        |
| Non-Federal Lands |                            |           |        |
| Only)*            |                            |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | **2** -- moderate          | 0         | 0%     |
|                   | limitations                |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | **3** -- severe            | 0         | 0%     |
|                   | limitations                |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | **4** -- very severe       | 29,900    | 100%   |
|                   | limitations                |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | **5** -- no erosion        | 0         | 0%     |
|                   | hazard, but other          |           |        |
|                   | limitations                |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | **6** -- severe            | 0         | 0%     |
|                   | limitations; unsuitable    |           |        |
|                   | for cultivation; limited   |           |        |
|                   | to pasture, range, forest  |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | **7** -- very severe       | 0         | 0%     |
|                   | limitations; unsuitable    |           |        |
|                   | for cultivation; limited   |           |        |
|                   | to grazing, forest,        |           |        |
|                   | wildlife habitat           |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | **8** -- miscellaneous     | 0         | 0%     |
|                   | areas; limited to          |           |        |
|                   | recreation, wildlife       |           |        |
|                   | habitat, water supply      |           |        |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+
|                   | **Total Croplands &        | *         | *      |
|                   | Pasturelands**             | *29,900** | *\--** |
+-------------------+----------------------------+-----------+--------+

  --------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ---------- -----------
  **Confined Animal                                                                    
  Feeding Operations --                                                                
  Oregon CAFO Permit --                                                                
  12/2004**                                                                            

  **Animal Type**       **Dairy**   **Feedlot**   **Poultry**   **Swine**   **Mink**   **Other**

  **No. of Permitted    0           0             0             0           0          0
  Farms**                                                                              

  **No. of Permitted    0           0             0             0           0          0
  Animals**                                                                            
  --------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ---------- -----------

[]{#ResConcerns .anchor}**Resource Concerns** [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

**[Tons of Soil Loss by Water Erosion]{.underline}:** Due to the limited
amount of non-federal cropland and pastureland within this HUC, no
reliable NRI soil loss estimates are available.

![](media/image8.wmf){width="3.875in" height="2.75in"}

-   All of the listed stream miles exceed state water quality standards
    for stream temperatures. Elevated stream temperatures may be due to
    inadequate riparian shade, stream channel widening, and other
    anthropogenic or natural sources.

-   DO and pH may be indicatative of high nutrient loading from
    agriculture and other sources.

-   Conservation practices that can be used to address these water
    quality issues include irrigation water management, nutrient
    management, grazing management and riparian buffers.

+--------+-------------+---+---+----+--------------+----------+----------+
| **Wat  |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| ershed |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
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|        |             |   | ] |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | ( |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | # |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | F |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | o |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | o |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | t |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | n |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | o |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | t |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | e |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | 7 |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | ) |    |              |          |          |
+--------+-------------+---+---+----+--------------+----------+----------+
| **     | **Status**  |   | * |    |              |          | **       |
| Name** |             |   | * |    |              |          | Status** |
|        |             |   | N |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | a |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | m |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | e |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | * |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | * |    |              |          |          |
+--------+-------------+---+---+----+--------------+----------+----------+
| None   | None        |   | U |    |              |          | C        |
|        |             |   | p |    |              |          | ompleted |
|        |             |   | p |    |              |          | 2004     |
|        |             |   | e |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | r |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | K |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | l |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | a |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | m |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | a |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | t |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | h |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | S |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | u |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | b |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | b |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | a |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | s |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | i |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | n |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | A |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | s |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | s |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | e |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | s |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | s |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | m |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | e |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | n |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | t |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | s |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | ( |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | S |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | p |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | r |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | a |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | g |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | u |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | e |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | R |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | i |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | v |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | e |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | r |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   | ) |    |              |          |          |
+--------+-------------+---+---+----+--------------+----------+----------+
| **ODEQ |             |   |   |    | **ODA        |          |          |
| T      |             |   |   |    | Agricultural |          |          |
| MDL's* |             |   |   |    | Water        |          |          |
| *[^8^] |             |   |   |    | Quality      |          |          |
| (#Foot |             |   |   |    | Management   |          |          |
| note8) |             |   |   |    | Plans**[^9^] |          |          |
|        |             |   |   |    | (#Footnote9) |          |          |
+--------+-------------+---+---+----+--------------+----------+----------+
| **     |             | * |   |    | **Name**     | **       |          |
| Name** |             | * |   |    |              | Status** |          |
|        |             | S |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | t |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | a |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | t |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | u |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | s |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | * |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | * |   |    |              |          |          |
+--------+-------------+---+---+----+--------------+----------+----------+
| Upper  |             | C |   |    | Klamath      | C        |          |
| K      |             | o |   |    | Headwaters   | ompleted |          |
| lamath |             | m |   |    |              |          |          |
| Lake   |             | p |   |    |              |          |          |
| Dr     |             | l |   |    |              |          |          |
| ainage |             | e |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | t |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | e |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             | d |   |    |              |          |          |
+--------+-------------+---+---+----+--------------+----------+----------+
| **OWEB |             |   |   | *  |              | **NWPCC  |          |
| Wat    |             |   |   | *W |              | Subbasin |          |
| ershed |             |   |   | at |              | Plans &  |          |
| Coun   |             |   |   | er |              | Assessme |          |
| cil**[ |             |   |   | sh |              | nts**[^1 |          |
| ^10^]( |             |   |   | ed |              | 8^](#Foo |          |
| #Footn |             |   |   | C  |              | tnote18) |          |
| ote10) |             |   |   | ou |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | nc |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | il |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | As |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | se |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | ss |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | me |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | nt |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | s* |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | *[ |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | ^1 |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | 1^ |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | ]( |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | #F |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | oo |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | tn |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | ot |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | e1 |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   | 1) |              |          |          |
+--------+-------------+---+---+----+--------------+----------+----------+
| K      |             |   |   | No |              | None     |          |
| lamath |             |   |   | ne |              |          |          |
| Wat    |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| ershed |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| C      |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| ouncil |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| S      |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| prague |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| Wat    |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| ershed |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| W      |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| orking |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| Group  |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
|        |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| Sycan  |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| Wat    |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| ershed |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| C      |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
| ouncil |             |   |   |    |              |          |          |
+--------+-------------+---+---+----+--------------+----------+----------+

***(Continued on page 8)***

![](media/image9.jpeg){width="6.425694444444445in"
height="8.315972222222221in"}

**Map Footnote [^/17^](#footnote17)**

**Resource Concerns - Continued [*Back to Contents*](#ProfileContents)**

  ----------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------- --------- --------- ------------- ----------------- ------------
  **Resource                                                                                                                         
  Concerns/Issues                                                                                                                    
  by Land Use**                                                                                                                      

  **SWAPA +H        **Specific Resource                **Grass\\Pasture\\Hay**   **Grain   **Row     **Perennial   **Shrub/Range**   **Forest**
  Concerns**        Concern/Issue**                                              Crops**   Crops**   Crops                           
                                                                                                     (Orch/Vine/                     
                                                                                                     Berries)**                      

  Soil Erosion      Concentrated Flow or Gully                                                                     X                 X

                    Streambank                         X                                                           X                 X

  Soil Condition    Soil Compaction                    X                                                                             X

  Water Quantity    Water Mgt. For Irrigated Land      X                                                                             

                    Water Mgt. For Non-Irrigated Land                                                              X                 X

  Water Quality,    Nutrients & Organics               X                                                                             
  Surface                                                                                                                            

                    Suspended Sediments & Turbidity    X                                                           X                 

                    Low Dissolved Oxygen               X                                                                             

                    Temperature                        X                                                           X                 

                    Aquatic Habitat Suitability        X                                                           X                 X

  Plant Suitability To Site & Intended Use                                                                         X                 X

  Plant Condition   Productivity, Health & Vigor       X                                                           X                 X

                    Noxious and Invasive Weeds         X                                                           X                 

  Plant Management  Establishment, Growth, & Harvest                                                               X                 X

  Human Economics   Low or Unreliable Profitability    X                                                           X                 

  Human, Political  Inadequate availability of Cost    X                                                           X                 X
                    Share Programs                                                                                                   

                    High Degree of Controversy         X                                                           X                 X
  ----------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------- --------- --------- ------------- ----------------- ------------

**\
Grass/Pasture/Hay Lands**

-   While some irrigated pasture is well managed, many units are large
    units with only boundary fences and wild flood irrigation making it
    difficult to practice intensive grazing or irrigation water
    management.

-   While many riparian buffers or riparian pastures have established
    along area streams, many units still permit unrestricted grazing of
    riparian areas resulting in bank erosion thereby contributing to
    poor water quality.

-   Fields used to produce hay usually are better managed resulting in
    fewer resource concerns.

**Range & Forest**

-   Most range and forest units, used for livestock grazing, are large
    making it difficult to implement intense grazing rotations with
    available fences and watering facilities.

-   Juniper encroachment along with other noxious and invasive weeds
    reduces the health and vigor of range grasses and forbs.

-   Dense juniper can result in higher evapo-transpiration rates
    reducing water availability for range vegetation and downstream
    subsurface discharge to the river.

-   Similar hydrologic effects can be attributed to overstock stands of
    lodgepole and Ponderosa pine that increase canopy interception loses
    as well as from evapo-transpiration.

**General**

-   Low profits from ranching, controversy over water use and water
    rights, endangered species concerns, and Tribal issues creates an
    atmosphere that in the past has discouraged landowner involvement in
    conservation activities. This is rapidly changing due to the efforts
    of agencies, organizations, Tribes and landowners, themselves, to
    reach out to find collaborative, workable solutions.

+----------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| **Federally Listed Threatened And      |                             |
| Endangered                             |                             |
| Species[^12^](#Footnote12)**           |                             |
+----------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| **THREATENED SPECIES**                 | **CANDIDATE SPECIES**       |
+----------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| **Mammals -** Canada lynx              | **Mammals -** Pacific       |
|                                        | fisher                      |
| **Birds --** Bald eagle, Northern      |                             |
| spotted owl                            | **Birds --** Yellow-billed  |
|                                        | cuckoo                      |
| **Fish --** Shortnose sucker**,** Lost |                             |
| River sucker**,** Warner sucker**,**   | **Amphibians and Reptiles   |
| Bull trout, Hutton Springs tui         | --** Columbia spotted       |
| chub**,** Foskett speckled dace        | frog**,** Oregon Spotted    |
|                                        | frog                        |
| **Plants --** Applegate's milk vetch   |                             |
|                                        | **Invertebrates -** Mardon  |
|                                        | skipper butterfly           |
+----------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
|                                        | **PROPOSED SPECIES** None   |
+----------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| **Essential Fish                       |                             |
| Habitat[^13^](#Footnote13) -** None    |                             |
+----------------------------------------+-----------------------------+

[]{#census .anchor}![](media/image10.wmf){width="4.010416666666667in"
height="1.75in"}**Census and Social Data**[^/14^](#Footnote14) [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

**Number of Farms: 221**

**Number of Operators: 365**

-   Full-Time Operators: **127**

-   Part-Time Operators: **239**

**Estimated Level of Willingness and**

**Ability to Participate in
Conservation**[^[/15]{.underline}^](#Footnote15)**: HIGH**

Farmers and ranchers in the Sprague subbasin tend to have the ability
and willingness to adopt conservation and resource management systems
(RMSs). Most are experienced, educated, successful landowners, who run
financially viable operations. However, only recently have resources
been available to aggressively encourage the adoption of conservation
RMSs. Conservation information, marketing, and technical and financial
assistance, targeted at Sprague landowners, will increase the adoption
of conservation in the Sprague subbasin.

**Evaluation of Social Capital**[^[/16]{.underline}^](#Footnote16)**:
MODERATE**

Social capital, and the community's involvement in promoting
conservation among agricultural landowners in the Sprague subbasin, has
been reasonable but not substantial. Until recently other social,
economic, and political issues have consumed most of the community's
interest and energy. However, as of late, agricultural landowners and
other community stakeholders are starting to work together and actively
engage in concerted activities supporting local conservation. As
community-wide interest in local resource concerns increases and local
leadership becomes involved, the diffusion of conservation in the
subbasin is expected to increase.

![](media/image11.png){width="3.3784722222222223in"
height="3.3472222222222223in"}

![](media/image11.png){width="3.3784722222222223in"
height="3.3472222222222223in"}

**Progress/Status** [*Back to Contents*](#ProfileContents)

  ---------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- -----------
  **PRMS Data**                **FY99**   **FY00**   **FY01**   **FY02**   **FY03**   **Avg/Year**   **Total**

  Total Conservation Systems   7,762      1,526      1,110      4,803      2,961      3,632          18,162
  Planned (Acres)                                                                                    

  Total Conservation Systems   2,490      1,491      344        276        200        960            4,801
  Applied (Acres)                                                                                    

  **Conservation Treatment                                                                           
  Acres**                                                                                            

  Waste Management             0          0          0          0          0          0              0

  Buffers                      0          0          0          0          226        45             226

  Erosion Control              0          0          0          0          0          0              0

  Irrigation Water Management  227        188        432        0          903        350            1,750

  Nutrient Management          0          0          0          0          298        60             298

  Pest Management              0          0          0          0          298        60             298

  Prescribed Grazing           4,229      1,495      2,818      4,803      1,877      3,044          15,222

  Trees & Shrubs               0          0          0          0          0          0              0

  Conservation Tillage         0          0          0          0          0          0              0

  Wildlife Habitat             6,551      1,652      2,602      575        0          2,276          11,380

  Wetlands                     782        0          344        1,418      0          509            2,544
  ---------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- -----------

![](media/image14.wmf){width="4.125in" height="3.25in"}

-   []{#progressstatus .anchor}Progress over the last five years has
    been focused on:

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   Prescribed grazing and irrigation water management on irrigated
    pasture.

-   Wildlife habitat management on riparian and wetland areas.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   Often pasture is not intensively farmed lacking adequate water and
    grazing management. A majority of ranches are operated by absentee
    landowners or lessees.

-   Juniper encroachment and invasive weeds have reduced the
    productivity of many range units.

-   Most private, industrial forest land meets state forest practice
    requirements.

-   High cost and unreliable markets, limit forest management activities
    on private, non-industrial forest lands. A high percentage of these
    forestlands are overstocked with stagnate stands that reduce
    productivity for livestock grazing, wildlife or timber production.

*Estimates are based on information received from local conservationists
in the watershed.*

**Lands Removed from Production through Farm Bill Programs**

-   Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): **[120 acres]{.underline}**

-   Wetland Restoration Program (WRP): **[4,314 acres]{.underline}**

-   Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP): **[1,159
    acres]{.underline}**

[]{#Footnotes .anchor}**Footnotes/Bibliography** [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

All data is provided "as is." There are no warranties, express or
implied, including the warranty of fitness\
for a particular purpose, accompanying this document. Use for general
planning purposes only.

[]{#Footnote1 .anchor}

1.  Ownership Layer -- Source: The 1:24,000 scale public ownership layer
    is the land ownership/management for public entities, including
    Federal, Tribal, State, and local entities. This is a seamless,
    statewide Oregon Public Ownership vector layer composed of fee
    ownership of lands by Federal, State, Tribal, county, and city
    agencies. The layer is comprised of the best available data compiled
    at 1:24,000 scale or larger, and the line work matches GCDB boundary
    locations and ORMAP standards where possible. The layer is available
    from the State of Oregon GIS Service Center:
    <http://www.gis.state.or.us/data/alphalist.html>. For current
    ownership status, consult official records at appropriate Federal,
    State, and county offices. Ownership classes grouped to calculate
    Federal ownership vs. non-Federal ownership by the Water Resources
    Planning Team.[]{#Footnote2 .anchor}

2.  National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) - Originator: U.S. Geological
    Survey (USGS);\
    Publication date: 19990631; Title: Oregon Land Cover Data Set,
    Edition: 1;\
    Geospatial data presentation form: Raster digital data; Publisher:
    U.S. Geological Survey,\
    Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Online linkage:
    <http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/programs/lccp/nationallandcover.html>;
    Abstract: These data can be used in a geographic information system
    (GIS) for any number of purposes, such as assessing wildlife
    habitat, water quality, pesticide runoff, land use change, etc. The
    State data sets are provided with a 300-meter buffer beyond the
    State border to facilitate combining the State files into larger
    regions.[]{#Footnote3nri .anchor}

3.  ESTIMATES FROM THE 1997 NRI DATABASE (REVISED DECEMBER 2000) REPLACE
    ALL PREVIOUS REPORTS AND ESTIMATES. Comparisons made using data
    published for the 1982, 1987, or 1992 NRI may produce erroneous
    results. This is because of changes in statistical estimation
    protocols and because all data collected prior to 1997 were
    simultaneously reviewed (edited) as 1997 NRI data were collected.
    All definitions are available in the glossary. In addition, this
    December 2000 revision of the 1997 NRI data updates information
    released in December 1999 and corrects a computer error discovered
    in March 2000. For more information:
    <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/>[]{#Footnote4 .anchor}

4.  Irrigated Adjudicated Water Rights -- Water Rights Information
    System (WRIS), Oregon Water Resources Department,
    [[http://www.wrd.state.or.us/maps/wrexport.shtml]{.underline}](http://www.wrd.state.or.us/maps/wrexport.shtml)[]{#Footnote5
    .anchor}

5.  StreamNet is a cooperative venture of the Pacific Northwest\'s fish
    and wildlife agencies and tribes and is administered by the [Pacific
    States Marine Fisheries Commission](http://www.psmfc.org/).
    StreamNet provided data and data services in support of the
    region\'s fish and wildlife program and other efforts to manage and
    restore the region\'s aquatic resources. Official StreamNet website:
    <http://www.streamnet.org/>[]{#Footnote6 .anchor}

6.  Natural Resources Conservation Service, Watershed Projects Planned
    and Authorized,
    <http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/watershed/Purpose>.

7.  []{#Footnote7 .anchor}Natural Resources Conservation Service,
    Watershed Plans, Studies, and Assessments completed,
    [http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/watershed/Surveys_Plng.html#Watershed%20Surveys%20and%20Plan](http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/watershed/Surveys_Plng.html#Watershed Surveys and Plan)

8.  []{#Footnote8 .anchor}Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
    Total Maximum Daily Loads,
    <http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/TMDLs/TMDLs.htm>

9.  []{#Footnote9 .anchor}Oregon Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
    Water Quality Management Plans,
    <http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/NRD/water_agplans.shtml>

**Footnotes/Bibliography Continued** [*Back to
Contents*](#ProfileContents)

All data is provided "as is." There are no warranties, express or
implied, including the warranty of fitness\
for a particular purpose, accompanying this document. Use for general
planning purposes only.

10. []{#Footnote10 .anchor}Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board,
    <http://oregon.gov/OWEB/WSHEDS/index.shtml>

11. []{#Footnote11 .anchor}Watershed Assessments completed by local
    watershed councils following the Oregon Watershed Assessment Manual,
    [[http://oregon.gov/OWEB/docs/pubs/ws_assess_manual.shtml]{.underline}](http://oregon.gov/OWEB/docs/pubs/ws_assess_manual.shtml).

12. []{#Footnote12 .anchor}NRCS Field Office Technical Guide, Section
    II, Threatened and Endangered List.

13. []{#Footnote13 .anchor}Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and
    Management Act, Public Law 94-265. As amended through October 11,
    1996.

14. []{#Footnote14 .anchor}Data were taken from the 2002 Agricultural
    Census and adjusted by percent of HUC in the county or by percent of
    zip code area in the HUC, depending on the level of data available.
    Data were also taken from the U.S. Population Census, 2000.

15. []{#Footnote15 .anchor}Conservation participation was estimated
    using NRCS Social Sciences Technical Note 1801, [Guide for
    Estimating Participation in Conservation]{.underline}, 2004. Four
    categories of indicators were evaluated: Personal characteristics,
    farm structural characteristics, perceptions of conservation, and
    community context. Estimates are based on information received from
    local conservationists in the watershed.

16. []{#Footnote16 .anchor}Social capital is an indicator of the
    community's ability and willingness to work together to solve
    problems. A high amount of social capital helps a community to be
    physically healthy, socially progressive, and economically vigorous.
    A low amount of social capital typically results in community
    conflict, lack of trust and respect, and unsuccessful attempts to
    solve problems. The evaluation is based on NRCS Technical Report
    Release 4.1, March, 2002: [Adding Up Social Capital: An Investment
    in Communities]{.underline}. Local conservationists provided
    information to measure social capital. Scores range from 0 to 76.

17. [Surface and Groundwater Resource Protection Map]{.underline}

    a.  []{#footnote17 .anchor}2002 303d Listed Streams designated by
        Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and approved by the
        Environmental Protection Agency, Section 303d Clean Water Act,
        <http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/303dlist/303dpage.htm>

    b.  Groundwater Management Areas designated by the Oregon Department
        of Environmental Quality, Oregon Revised Statutes -- Ground
        Water ORS 468B.150 to ORS 468B.190,
        <http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/groundwa/wqgw.htm>

    c.  Groundwater Restricted Areas designated by Oregon Water
        Resources Commission, Oregon Department of Water Resources,
        <http://egov.oregon.gov/OWRD/PUBS/aquabook_protections.shtml>

    d.  The Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) Protection Program is authorized
        by Section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
        (Public Law 93-523, 42 U.S.C. 300 et. seq),
        <http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ssanp.html>

18. []{#Footnote18 .anchor}Subbasin assessments and plans are developed
    by local groups (SWCDs, watershed councils, tribes, and others) as
    part of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's fish and
    wildlife program in the Columbia River Basin. This program is funded
    and implemented by the Bonneville Power Administration.
    <http://www.nwcouncil.org/fw/subbasinplanning/Default.htm>.