# UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

# GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

# 

# Spatial Geologic Data Model for the Gunnison, Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre National Forests Mineral Resource Assessment Area, Southwestern Colorado and Digital Data for the Leadville, Montrose, Durango, and Colorado Parts of the Grand Junction, Moab, and Cortez 1^o^ X 2^o^ Geologic Maps

by

Warren C. Day^1^, Gregory N. Green^1^, Daniel H. Knepper, Jr. ^1^, and
Randal C. Phillips^2^

Open-File Report

OF-99-427

1999

^1^U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado

^2^Colorado Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) editorial standards nor with the North
American stratigraphic codes. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
USGS. Although these data have been used by the USGS and have been
successfully imported into data base programs, no warranty, expressed or
implied, is made by the USGS as to how successfully or accurately the
data can be imported into any specific application software running on
any specific hardware platform. The fact of distribution shall not
constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the
USGS in connection therewith.

# INTRODUCTION

The digital geologic and geographic information system (GIS) data
presented here were prepared to aid in Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, Gunnison
National Forest (GMUG) mineral resource assessment Project studies by
the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resource Program. The goals of the
GMUG Project is to provide mineral resource data and an assessment for
undiscovered mineral resources in U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and Bureau
of Land Management (BLM) lands in southwestern Colorado. The Project
area covers a large region in southwestern Colorado that is bounded by
latitudes 37^o^ 45' to 39^o^ 30' north and longitudes 106^o^ to 109^o^
west. The study area is covered by all or parts of six 1^o^x2^o^
topographic and quadrangle geologic maps, which include geologic maps
for the Leadville (Tweto and others, 1978), Montrose (Tweto and others,
1976), Durango (Steven and others, 1974), Grand Junction (Cashion,
1973), Moab (Williams, 1976), and Cortez (Haynes and others, 1972)
quadrangles. These geologic maps were used inasmuch as a complete
remapping and compilation effort for this study area was beyond the
scope of the Project.

Two possible geologic map data sets are currently available that cover
the study area---the digital version (Green, 1992) of the 1:500,000
scale Colorado State geologic map by Tweto (1979), and the
aforementioned six 1:250,000 scale geologic maps, which were previously
not in digital form. The USFS and BLM asked for the data and
interpretive derivative maps from the GMUG Project to be at least at
1:250,000 scale. In compiling the Colorado State geologic map, Tweto
used a 1:500,000-scale topographic map as his base map, which has map
accuracy standards that differ from those of the 1:250,000 scale
topographic maps. Tweto also generalized the geologic map units and
structural data to provide detail at the broader scale, which reduced
the amount of detail and accuracy portrayed on the original
1:250,000-scale maps. Simply reprojecting the State compilation to the
larger scale (1:250,000) was found to be unsatisfactory for this
Project. Not only did the "stretched" map not accurately overlie the
1:250,000 scale topographic base map, but the details felt to be
important to the Project objectives were eliminated by the
generalization necessary for the State geologic map compilation.

Therefore, to obtain suitably accurate 1:250,000 scale geologic map
coverage for the GMUG Project area, we used the Colorado parts of the
above mentioned six 1^o^x2^o^ geologic quadrangles. Each was digitized
in its native projection to produce ARC/INFO format geologic coverages
attributed with the original map unit labels, which were not always
common throughout the GMUG study area. The six coverages were then
merged into a single digital geologic coverage, for which additional
attributes were assigned, including a common rock unit label applicable
throughout the study area as well as lithologic, economic, and aggregate
quality parameters. Because the six source maps were independently
developed, discontinuities exist at the boundaries between adjacent
quadrangles. No attempt was made to reconcile these differences.

The utility of the digital data presented here goes well beyond the
needs of the GMUG Project. Several of the critical building blocks for
developing the spatial databases are provided in this report.
Digitization of the original six geologic quadrangles has not only
contributed to the GMUG Project, but also has provided a set of data
that are potentially useful for a variety of other purposes. Digital
rock unit descriptions can be used to build digital databases able to be
queried for purposes other than the mineral resource assessment.

Building a digital geologic data model (database structure) for the
entire region allowed the GMUG Project to undertake a GIS-based mineral
resource assessment and aided the environmental studies for the area.
However, the utility and power of this database is not limited to the
goals of the GMUG Project. For instance, the map unit descriptions can
be searched to find user-defined key phrases and features can be
selected using these as criteria. As an example, generalized geologic
maps based on rock unit ages or rock types (regardless of the age) can
be easily produced. Derivative maps depicting slope stability, roadbed
stability, and possible landslide potential might also be developed from
these data sets based on the known lithologic character (for example,
shales fail easier than granites). These auxiliary uses of the basic
geologic and GIS data allow users to more fully utilize the scientific
information contained in geologic maps even though the data were
developed before GIS tools were available.

### BACKGROUND

The geologic map (1:500,000 scale) for the State of Colorado was
compiled by Tweto (1979) by using 1^o^x2^o^ geologic quadrangle maps
(1:250,000 scale) that were generated mainly during the 1970's. Green
(1992) digitized Tweto's original linework and attributed the polygons
with the rock unit labels, thus creating one of the first topologically
structured state geologic maps. Green's digital version of Tweto's State
map facilitated its use in geographic information systems applications.
Langer and others (1997) added attributes that estimate the suitability
of those rock units exposed along the Front Range urban corridor for
natural aggregate used in Portland cement concrete. These attributes
included evaluations of the physical and chemical qualities of each map
unit and a generalized lithologic descriptor for each unit. With these
attributes, that part of the digital data for the Geologic Map of
Colorado that corresponds to the Front Range urban corridor can be
searched for potential natural aggregate sources, as well as for units
with broadly classified lithologic characteristics. Following the method
of Langer and others (1997), Knepper and others (1999) further annotated
the digital Geologic Map of Colorado of Green (1992) by adding
attributes for the lithologic units, including information on the mode
of formation, composition, texture, and variability of the mapped units.
They also added a second set of attributes characterizing the physical
and chemical properties of each rock unit for use as natural aggregate
in Portland cement concrete and identifies other known uses of each unit
for construction materials to evaluate natural aggregate potential on a
statewide basis. For this report, we used a similar procedure to create
a digital geologic map model for the GMUG study area.

To make the spatial database more powerful, map units were attributed
using a hierarchical lithologic classification scheme being developed by
Bruce R. Johnson (U.S. Geological Survey, written communication, 1999)
(see Appendix C). Using these added attributes, the user can search on
either general rock categories (for example, metamorphic, sedimentary,
or igneous) or specific rock types (for example, basalt, granite, or
quartz latite).

######## **METHOD**

The digital geologic data model was constructed for the GMUG Project
area using the six original Colorado parts of the 1^o^x2^o^ geologic
quadrangle maps (Leadville, Montrose, Durango, Grand Junction, Moab, and
Cortez) using the attributes given in Appendix A. The six maps were then
merged, clipped to the study area boundary (latitudes between 37^o^ 45'
and 39^o^ 30' north and longitudes between 106^o^ and 109^o^ west), and
projected into a Lambert conformal conic projection. The Lambert
conformal conic parameters used standard parallels of 33^o^ 0' 00" and
45^o^ 0' 00", central meridian 108^o^ 0' 00" west, latitude of origin
0^o^0' 00", false eastings and northings of 0 meters, units used were
meters, and the Clark 1866 spheroid.

The next step was to enhance the digital data by providing attributes
for lithologic descriptions, lithologic character, economic geologic
information contained in the original map unit text, and natural
aggregate quality for Portland cement. To do this, a correlation matrix
(similar to a correlation chart common on compiled geologic maps) was
developed (Appendix B) that relates each of the original map units to a
common map unit label (attribute Total; Appendix A, B). The source
geologic map unit labels were retained to identify what the original
authors labeled the units (attribute Type; Appendix A). The original map
unit name and entire descriptions were recorded for each unit for each
map (see spreadsheet mapunits.xls). From this, a new generalized map
unit description (attributes Unit_1, Unit_2, Unit_3; Appendix A) was
developed for the common unit name (attribute Total; Appendix A). Each
of the new map units was then assigned attributes for age, lithologic
descriptions for the primary and secondary rock types within each unit,
general economic geology characteristics, and the physical and chemical
characteristics of each unit for possible development as a natural
aggregate resource for Portland cement (see Appendixes A and C). The
digital geologic map of the GMUG Project study area is included on this
CD as an Arc Interchange file, gmug_geol.e00.

The Federal information spatial data transfer standard (SDTS) files
given on the CD in directory entitled XYZ are stored in the geographic
coordinate system (decimal degrees of latitude and longitude) instead of
the Lambert Conformal Conic projection used for the Arc/Info export
format for the geologic data. The reason for this is that the ESRI
Arc/Info implementation of the SDTS format does not support Lambert
Conformal Conic projection with units of meters.

### DESCRIPTION OF DIGITAL FILES

This database was developed to enhance the usefulness of the Colorado
parts of the six 1^o^x2^o^ quadrangle digital geologic maps for the
purposes of conducting a mineral resource assessment of the GMUG study
area by combining the rock unit descriptions and correlating each
geologic map unit into a generalized unit description and series of
attributes. Several of the data sets were developed using Microsoft
EXCEL (version 97) and are included. The ARC/INFO interchange files are
given as \*.e00 files in the arc_file directory and the individual
quadrangle geologic map digital data are in the quads directory.

Definitions of the attributes in spreadsheet mapunits.xls applied to the
ARC/INFO digital geologic map (gmug_geol.e00) are listed in Appendix A.
The map unit attributes are presented in the spreadsheet mapunits.xls.
The individual rock unit descriptions for the Colorado parts of the maps
were each entered into individual worksheets within the spreadsheet.
Each worksheet is titled for the 1^o^x2^o^ geologic quadrangle map from
which the data were transcribed within the main spreadsheet. A unique
numeric value (attribute G1), an age (attribute Age), and generalized
map unit description (attributes Unit_1, Unit_2, and Unit_3) were
assigned to each unit. The Geologic Map Unit Classification being
developed by Bruce R. Johnson (U.S. Geological Survey, written
communication, 1999) and reproduced in Appendix C was employed to
describe the lithologic character for each unit (attributes Litho_1;
Litho_2; Primary, and Secondary). Attribute Notes is a comment field
reserved for each unit. Economic geologic characteristics, such as the
presence of stratabound oil shale or coal, types of mineral deposits in
individual units, are added using attributes Econ_1, Econ_2, and Econ_3.
These economic geologic attributes are only those mentioned in the text
of the source geologic map unit descriptions given in the original
geologic quadrangle maps and do not necessarily represent the entire
suite of mineral deposit types within each unit.

Many of the bedrock units within the study area are appropriate for
utilization as natural aggregate in Portland cement concrete. Each of
the general units (attribute Total) was characterized for physical
quality (attribute Aggphys) and chemical quality (attribute Aggchem)
suitability as aggregate. Estimates for natural aggregate potential are
based on the general suitability of common rock types and sedimentary
deposits for use as aggregate in Portland cement concrete as outlined in
USGS Open-File Report 95-582 (Langer and Knepper, 1995). See Knepper and
others (1999) for more details on applying the methodology to the
geologic maps. Most of the geologic map units are compound units
composed of several formations. Therefore, only parts of some rock units
in the study area are actually of satisfactory physical and chemical
quality, and the spatial distribution of these units provides a maximum
estimate of where quality aggregate source rock may be present; detailed
geologic maps must be consulted to determine the exact locations of
quality natural aggregate sources.

### CONTENTS OF THE CD-ROM

Main Directory

contents.txt Text file that contains this section, Contents of the
CD-ROM text.

OF99-427.DOC This document, Open-File 99-427, in MS Word format.

OF99-427.WP5 This document, Open-File 99-427, in WordPerfect 5.1 format.

mapunits.xls Excel (version 97) spreadsheet containing several
worksheets of geologic map unit information. Worksheets titled
Leadville, Montrose, Grand Junction, Moab, Cortez, Durango contain
entire texts from rock unit descriptions for the Colorado part of each
map. Worksheet Total contains a correlation matrix, for the map units, a
generalized map unit name, generalized geologic map unit descriptions,
economic geology and estimates for suitability of the generalized unit
for use as aggregate in Portland cement production.

av_lengd.avl ArcView legend for shade set used for constructing an
ArcView Project

gmugmeta.txt Metadata file, which is a spatial data description file
containing projection, lineage, authorship, and other data for the
digital geologic data files

/arc_gmug Directory containing the following ARC/INFO data files

gmug.meta GIS metadata information

> project.txt Map projection information
>
> gmuggeol.e00 Geologic data model and spatial geologic map for the GMUG
> study area.

gmugfltl.e00 Faults for GMUG study area

gmugdisl.e00 Fault displacement decoration for faults in GMUG study area

stdybndl.e00 Polygon for study area boundary

frstbndl.e00 Approximate location of USFS boundaries within the study
area

fnt003.e00 Font set used

mapbar.aml ARC/INFO aml file that builds the scale bar for the map

gmugl.aml ARC/INFO aml file for building plot file of geologic map

load.aml ARC/INFO aml file for loading the datasets into ARC/INFO

gmugshd.e00 ARC/INFO shadeset used for plotting the geologic map

/arc_quad Directory containing ARC/INFO data sets for the 1^o^x2^o^
geologic maps

> /cortez/ Subdirectory containing Colorado part of the Cortez1^o^x2^o^
> geologic map geologic, fault, and fault displacement data

/cort_bed.e00 File containing strike and dip point data

/cort_dis.e00 File containing point data for down thrown side of faults

/cort_flt.e00 File containing arc data for traces of faults

> /cort_geo.e00 File containing for arc data for contacts, polygons, and
> formation name attributes (type and code)
>
> /durango/ Subdirectory containing Durango1^o^x2^o^ geologic map
> geologic, fault, and fault displacement data
>
> /dura_dis.e00 File containing point data for down thrown side of
> faults
>
> /dura_flt.e00 File containing arc data for traces of faults
>
> /dura_geo.e00 File containing for arc data for contacts, polygons, and
> formation name attributes (type and code)
>
> /grandj/ Subdirectory containing Colorado part of the Grand
> Junction1^o^x2^o^ geologic map geologic, fault, and fault displacement
> data
>
> /gran_dis.e00 File containing point data for down thrown side of
> faults
>
> /gran_flt.e00 File containing arc data for traces of faults
>
> /gran_geo.e00 File containing arc data for contacts, polygons, and
> formation name attributes (type and code)
>
> /leadvlle/ Subdirectory containing the Leadville 1^o^x2^o^ geologic
> map geologic, fault, and fault displacement data
>
> /lead_con.e00 File containing arc data for geologic contacts
>
> /lead_dis.e00 File containing point data for down thrown side of
> faults
>
> /lead_flt.e00 File containing arc data for traces of faults
>
> /lead_geo.e00 File containing arc data for contacts, polygons, and
> formation name attributes (type and code)
>
> /moab/ Subdirectory containing Colorado part of the Moab1^o^x2^o^
> geologic map geologic, fault, and fault displacement data
>
> /moab_bed.e00 File containing strike and dip point data
>
> /moab_dis.e00 File containing point data for down thrown side of
> faults
>
> /moab_flt.e00 File containing arc data for traces of faults
>
> /moab_geo.e00 File containing arc data for contacts, polygons, and
> formation name attributes (type and code)
>
> /montrose/ Subdirectory containing Montrose1^o^x2^o^ geologic map
> geologic, fault, and fault displacement data
>
> /mont_con.e00 File containing arc data for geologic contacts
>
> /mont_dis.e00 File containing point data for down thrown side of
> faults
>
> /mont_flt.e00 File containing arc data for traces of faults
>
> /mont_geo.e00 File containing general geology for arc data for
> contacts, polygons, and formation name attributes (type and code)

/sdtsgmug/ Directory containing Federal information spatial data
transfer standard format for US Forest Service land boundaries, outline
of study area, and geologic data for the GMUG study area

> /forstbnd/ Subdirectory containing US Forest Service land boundaries
>
> /gmug_flt/ Subdirectory containing fault traces
>
> /gmug_geo/ Subdirectory containing polygon data and attributes for
> geologic data
>
> /studybnd/ Subdirectory containing study area boundary

/sdtsquad/ Directory containing Federal information spatial data
transfer standard format geologic data for the 1^o^x2^o^ geologic maps

> /cortez/ Subdirectory for Cortez 1^o^x2^o^ geologic map data
>
> /flt Subdirectory containing SDTS files for fault traces
>
> /geo Subdirectory containing SDTS files for geologic data
>
> /durango/
>
> /flt Subdirectory containing SDTS files for fault traces
>
> /geo Subdirectory containing SDTS files for geologic data
>
> /grandj/
>
> /flt Subdirectory containing SDTS files for fault traces
>
> /geo Subdirectory containing SDTS files for geologic data

/leadvlle/

> /flt Subdirectory containing SDTS files for fault traces
>
> /geo Subdirectory containing SDTS files for geologic data

/moab/

> /flt Subdirectory containing SDTS files for fault traces
>
> /geo Subdirectory containing SDTS files for geologic data

/montrose/

> /flt Subdirectory containing SDTS files for fault traces
>
> /geo Subdirectory containing SDTS files for geologic data

######### REFERENCES CITED

Cashion, W.B., 1973, Geologic and structure map of the Grand Junction
quadrangle, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous
Investigations Series I-736, 1:250,000.

Green, G.N., 1992, The digital geologic map of Colorado in ARC/INFO
format: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OF-92-0507.

Haynes, D.D., Vogel, J.D., and Wyant, D.G., 1972, Geology, structure,and
uranium deposits of the Cortez quadrangle, Colorado and Utah: U.S.
Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-629, 1:250,000.

Langer, W.H., Green, G.N., Knepper, D.H., Jr., Lindsey, D.A., Moore,
D.W., Nealey, L.D., and Reed, J.C., Jr., 1997, Distribution and quality
of potential sources of aggregate, Infrastructure Resources Project
Area, Colorado and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
97-477, CDROM.

Langer, W.H., and Knepper, D.H., Jr., 1995**,** Geologic
characterization of natural aggregate -- A field geologist's guide to
natural aggregate resource assessment: US Geological Survey Open-File
Report OF-95-582, 32p.

Knepper, D.H., Jr., Green, G.N., and Langer, W.H., 1999, Lithology and
Aggregate Quality attributes for the digital Geologic Map of Colorado.
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-29, one CD-ROM.

Steven, T.A., Lipman, P.W., Hail, W.J., Jr., Barker, Fred, and Luedke,
R.G., 1974, Geologic map of the Durango quadrangle, southwestern
Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series
I-764, 1:250,000.

Tweto, Ogden, 1979, Geologic map of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey
Special Geologic Map, 1:500,000.

Tweto, Ogden, Moench, R.H., and Reed, J.C., Jr., 1978, Geologic map of
the Leadville 1^o^x2^o^ quadrangle, northwestern Colorado: U.S.
Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-999, 1:250,000.

Tweto, Ogden, Steven, T.A., Hail, W.J., Jr., and Moench, R.H., 1976,
Preliminary geologic map of the Montrose 1^o^x2^o^ quadrangle,
southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field
Studies MF-761, 1:250,000.

Williams, P.L., 1976, Geology, structure, and uranium deposits of the
Moab quadrangle, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous
Field Studies MF-360, 1:250,000.

**APPENDIX A**

Properties and data definitions for the add-on lithology and aggregate
quality attributes file as applied to the digital data sets for the GMUG
study area.

#### GENERAL ATTRIBUTES

**TYPE -** The label used on the original individual geologic quadrangle
maps as supplied by the digitizing contractor. Contains some errors when
check to original map. Retained for thoroughness.

##### CODE -- Corrected map unit label of the original geologic quadrangle map.

**QUAD --** Name of the original Leadville (l), Montrose (mr), Durango
(d), Grand Junction (gj), Moab (m), and Cortez (c) geologic quadrangle
maps incorporated in the final coverage for the feature.

**G1--** Unique numeric value for each combination of map unit labels
from each quadrangle map.

**TOTAL --** Generalized unifying geologic map symbol for each of the
geologic units.

**AGE**- That part of the SYMBOL (above) that indicates geologic age.
Symbol can be a combination of youngest (first character) and oldest
(second character) for units that span more than one age period.

**UNIT_1 -** The formations, or the broad description of lithologies
that are not formally named, included in the mapping unit.

**UNIT_2 --**The continuation of UNIT_1, where necessary.

**UNIT_3** -- The continuation of UNIT_2, where necessary.

**LITHO_1 --** General rock category for predominant rock type in map
unit.

**LITHO_2 --** Specific rock category for predominant rock type in map
unit.

**PRIMARY--** Dominant rock type(s) or texture(s).

**SECONDARY--**Subordinant rock type present in unit.

**NOTES --** Comment field.

**ECON_1 --** Economic commodity contained locally within map unit.

**ECON_2 --** The continuation of ECON_1, where necessary.

**ECON_3 ­--** The continuation of ECON_1, where necessary.

**Aggphys -** An estimate of the physical quality of a map unit as a
potential source of aggregate for use in Portland cement concrete based
on the lithologic descriptions for the unit (see Langer and Knepper,
1995):

***satisfactory*** - Particles are hard to firm, relatively free from
fractures, and not chiplike; capillary absorption is very small or
absent; and the surface texture is relatively rough.

***fair*** - Particles exhibit one or two of the following qualities:
firm to friable; moderately fractured; capillary absorption small to
moderate; flat or chiplike; surface relatively smooth and impermeable;
very low compressibility; coefficient of thermal expansion approaching
zero or being negative in one or more directions.

***poor*** - Particles exhibit one or more of the following qualities:
friable to pulverant; slake when wetted and dried; highly fractured;
capillary absorption moderate to high; marked volume change with wetting
and drying; combine three or more qualities under \"fair\".

**Aggchem -** An estimate of whether a map unit contains constituents
that react adversely with Portland cement concrete (Chemical Quality)
based on the lithologic descriptions for unit (see Langer and Knepper,
1995):

Innocuous---Particles contain no constituents which dissolve or react
chemically to a significant extent with constituents of the atmosphere,
water, or hydrating Portland cement concrete while enclosed in concrete
or mortar under ordinary conditions.

Deleterious---Particles contain one or more constituents in significant
proportion which are known to react chemically under conditions
ordinarily prevailing in Portland cement concrete or mortar in such a
manner as to produce significant volume change, interfere with the
normal course of hydration or Portland cement, or supply substances
which might produce harmful effects upon concrete or mortar.

**APPENDIX B**

Correlation matrix for the geologic map unit labels used in the Colorado
parts of the Leadville (Tweto and others, 1978), Montrose (Tweto and
others, 1976), Durango (Steven and others, 1974), Grand Junction
(Cashion, 1973), Moab (Williams, 1976), and Cortez (Haynes and others,
1972) 1^o^x2^o^ geologic quadrangle maps. Map unit names for each
quadrangle correspond to a unique numeric value (G1). Inasmuch as the
map units varied greatly for each individual map, the generalized map
unit label (Total) can be a non-unique combination of map unit labels
from the individual quadrangles. Data given in spreadsheet entitled
mapunits.xls. Age qualifiers for Triassic use "@", Pennsylvanian use
"&", and Cambrian use "\_".

+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| ####   | #       | D      | Grand      | Moab | C     | G1 | T    |
| ## Lea | ##### M | urango | Junct      |      | ortez |    | otal |
| dville | ontrose |        |            |      |       |    |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qa     | Qa      | Qa     | Qa         | Qa   | Qa    | 1  | Qa   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qa     | Qa      | Qa     | Qt         | Qa   | Qa    | 2  | Qa   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qa     | Qa      | Qa     | Qa         | Qa   | Qag   | 3  | Qa   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qa     | Qa      | Qa     | Qt         | Qa   | Qag   | 4  | Qa   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qa     | Qa      | Qa     | Qa         | Qa   | Qap   | 5  | Qa   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qa     | Qa      | Qa     | Qt         | Qa   | Qap   | 6  | Qa   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qa     | Qa      | Qa     | Qa         | Qa   | Qae   | 7  | Qa   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qa     | Qa      | Qa     | Qt         | Qa   | Qae   | 8  | Qa   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qe     |         |        | Qae        | Qae  | Qe    | 9  | Qe   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Ql     | Ql      | Ql     | Qc         | Qcl  | Qc    | 10 | Ql   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qt     | Ql      | Ql     | Qc         | Qcl  | Qc    | 11 | Ql   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Ql     | Ql      | Ql     | Qc         | Qcl  | Qcl   | 12 | Ql   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qt     | Ql      | Ql     | Qc         | Qcl  | Qcl   | 13 | Ql   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Ql     | Ql      | Ql     | Qc         | Qcl  | Qct   | 14 | Ql   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qt     | Ql      | Ql     | Qc         | Qcl  | Qct   | 15 | Ql   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qb     |         |        |            | Qb   | Qb    | 16 | Qb   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qd     | Qd      | Qd     | Qpt        | Qgm2 | Qgm   | 17 | Qd   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Qbt        | Qgm2 | Qgm   | 18 | Qd   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Qpt        | Qgm3 | Qgm   | 19 | Qd   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Qbt        | Qgm3 | Qgm   | 20 | Qd   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Qpt        | Qgm2 | Qgd   | 21 | Qd   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Qbt        | Qgm2 | Qgd   | 22 | Qd   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Qpt        | Qgm3 | Qgd   | 23 | Qd   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Qbt        | Qgm3 | Qgd   | 24 | Qd   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qg     | Qg      |        | Qd         |      |       | 25 | Qg   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Qag        |      |       | 26 | Qg   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qgo    | Qgo     |        | Qp         | Qat  |       | 27 | Qgo  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Qdo    | Qdo     |        |            |      |       | 28 | Qdo  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| QTa    | QTa     | QTg    |            |      |       | 29 | QTa  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tbp    |         |        |            |      |       | 30 | Tbp  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tt     |         |        |            |      |       | 31 | Tt   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Td     | Td      |        |            |      |       | 32 | Td   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Ts      |        |            |      |       | 33 | Tsf  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tbb    | Tbb     |        | Tb         |      |       | 34 | Tbb  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tbbi   | Tbbi    |        |            |      |       | 35 | Tbbi |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tbr    | Tbr     |        |            |      |       | 36 | Tbr  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Tbrt    |        |            |      |       | 37 | Tbrt |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tui    |         |        |            |      |       | 38 | Tui  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Taf    | Taf     |        |            |      |       | 39 | Taf  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tial   | Tial    |        |            |      |       | 40 | Tial |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tpl    | Tpl     |        |            |      |       | 41 | Tpl  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tmi    | Tmi     |        |            |      | Tgg   | 42 | Tmi  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tmi    | Tmi     |        |            |      | Tgd   | 43 | Tmi  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tmi    | Tmi     |        |            |      | Tmn   | 44 | Tmi  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tmi    | Tmi     |        |            |      | Tql   | 45 | Tmi  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tv     |         |        |            |      |       | 46 | Tv   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Tiql    |        |            |      |       | 47 | Tiql |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Twm     |        |            |      |       | 48 | Twm  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Tos     |        |            |      |       | 49 | Tos  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsv    |            |      |       | 50 | Tsv  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Thb    |            |      |       | 51 | Thb  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Thr    |            |      |       | 52 | Thr  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tbh    |            |      |       | 53 | Tbh  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Thu    |            |      |       | 54 | Thu  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsm    |            |      |       | 55 | Tsm  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsu    |            |      |       | 56 | Tsu  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Ten    |            |      |       | 57 | Ten  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tev    |            |      |       | 58 | Tev  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsn    |            |      |       | 59 | Tsnt |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Ts     |            |      |       | 60 | Tst  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tn     |            |      |       | 61 | Tnt  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tr     |            |      |       | 62 | Tr   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tw     |            |      |       | 63 | Twt  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tm     |            |      |       | 64 | Tmt  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tgp    |            |      |       | 65 | Tgpt |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tbc    |            |      |       | 66 | Tbc  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tcl    |            |      |       | 67 | Tcl  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tfg    |            |      |       | 68 | Tfg  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tmp    |            |      |       | 69 | Tmp  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Ttu    |            |      |       | 70 | Ttu  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Ttj    |            |      |       | 71 | Ttj  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Ttl    |            |      |       | 72 | Ttl  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Trc    |            |      |       | 73 | Trc  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsl    |            |      |       | 74 | Tsl  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsi    |            |      |       | 75 | Tsi  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tcr    |            |      |       | 76 | Tcr  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tcd    |            |      |       | 77 | Tcd  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tf     |            |      |       | 78 | Tf   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tbd    |            |      |       | 79 | Tbd  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Trp    |            |      |       | 80 | Trp  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsp    |            |      |       | 81 | Tsp  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Ttm    |            |      |       | 82 | Ttm  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsc    |            |      |       | 83 | Tsc  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tq     |            |      |       | 84 | Tq   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tgr    |            |      |       | 85 | Tgr  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tlp    |            |      |       | 86 | Tlp  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tlc    |            |      |       | 87 | Tlc  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tiy    |            |      |       | 88 | Tiy  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tio    |            |      |       | 89 | Tio  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Ti     |            |      | Ti    | 90 | Ti   |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Theb   |            |      |       | 91 | Theb |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsd    |            |      |       | 92 | Tsd  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tbm    |            |      |       | 93 | Tbm  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tur    |            |      |       | 94 | Tur  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| TKi    | TKi     | TKi    |            |      |       | 95 | TKi  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | TKsa   |            |      |       | 96 | TKsa |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | TKba   |            |      |       | 97 | TKba |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | TKna   |            |      |       | 98 | TKna |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsn    |            |      |       | 99 | Tsn  |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tn     |            |      |       | 1  | Tn   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 00 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            |      | Ts    | 1  | Tst  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 01 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            |      | Tsj   | 1  | Tsj  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 02 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tu     |         |        | Tge        |      |       | 1  | Tu   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 03 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tg     | Tg      |        | Tgru       | Tgr  |       | 1  | Tg   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 04 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tgp    |         |        | Tgp        |      |       | 1  | Tgp  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 05 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tgl    |         |        | Tgd        |      |       | 1  | Tgl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 06 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tgl    |         |        | Tgl        |      |       | 1  | Tgl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 07 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tgl    |         |        | Tgdl       |      |       | 1  | Tgl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 08 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tgl    |         |        | Tgdu       |      |       | 1  | Tgl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 09 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tgl    |         |        | Tga        |      |       | 1  | Tgl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 10 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tgl    |         |        | Tgrl       |      |       | 1  | Tgl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 11 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tgl    |         |        | Tgg        |      |       | 1  | Tgl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 12 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Tt      |        |            |      | Tt    | 1  | TKec |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 13 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | TKtc    |        |            |      | Tt    | 1  | TKec |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 14 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Tsbt   |            |      |       | 1  | Tsbt |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 15 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Two    | Two     |        | Two        |      |       | 1  | Two  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 16 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Tw         | Tw   | Tw    | 1  | Tw   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 17 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Twr        | Tw   | Tw    | 1  | Tw   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 18 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Tm     |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | Tm   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 19 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kk     |            |      |       | 1  | Kk   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 20 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kku    |            |      | Kku   | 1  | Kku  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 21 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kkf    |            |      | Kkm   | 1  | Kkf  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 22 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kkl    |            |      |       | 1  | Kkl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 23 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kkp    |            |      |       | 1  | Kkp  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 24 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kf     |            |      | Kf    | 1  | Kf   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 25 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kpc    |            |      | Kpc   | 1  | Kpc  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 26 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kl     |            |      | Kl    | 1  | Kl   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 27 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kch    |            |      |       | 1  | Kch  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 28 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kmf    |            |      |       | 1  | Kmf  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 29 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kpl    |            |      |       | 1  | Kpl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 30 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kw     |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | Kw   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 31 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Ki     |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | Ki   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 32 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmv    | Kmv     | Kmv    | Kmv        | Kmvg | Kmv   | 1  | Kmv  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 33 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmv    | Kmv     | Kmv    | Kmv        | Kmv  | Kmv   | 1  | Kmv  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 34 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmvu   |         |        | Kmvu       |      | Kch   | 1  | Kmvu |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 35 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmvu   |         |        | Kmvu       |      | Kmf   | 1  | Kmvu |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 36 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmvl   |         |        | Kmvl       |      | Kpl   | 1  | Kmvl |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 37 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmvl   |         |        | Knsm       |      | Kpl   | 1  | Kmvl |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 38 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmvl   |         |        | Kmb        |      | Kpl   | 1  | Kmvl |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 39 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmvl   |         |        | Kc         |      | Kpl   | 1  | Kmvl |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 40 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Klmv   |            |      |       | 1  | Klmv |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 41 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Kh         |      |       | 1  | Kh   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 42 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Kmgs       |      |       | 1  | Kmgs |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 43 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Kns        |      |       | 1  | Kmgs |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 44 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Kf         |      |       | 1  | Kmgs |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 45 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kp     |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | Kp   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 46 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Km     | Km      | Km     | Km         | Km   | Km    | 1  | Km   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 47 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Km     | Km      | Km     | Kmf        | Km   | Km    | 1  | Km   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 48 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Km     | Km      | Km     | Km         | Kmb  | Km    | 1  | Km   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 49 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Km     | Km      | Km     | Kmf        | Kmb  | Km    | 1  | Km   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 50 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmu    |         | Kmu    | Kmu        | Kmu  |       | 1  | Kmu  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 51 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kml    | Kml        | Kml  | Kmj   | 1  | Kml  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 52 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Kml    |            | Kmfe | Kmj   | 1  | Kml  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 53 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kmfm   |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | Kmfm |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 54 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kc     |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | Kc   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 55 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kd     | Kd      | Kd     | Kd         | Kd   | Kd    | 1  | Kd   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 56 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Kbc        | Kbc  | Kbc   | 1  | Kbc  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 57 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kdb    | Kdb     | Kdb    | Kdb        | Kdb  | Kbd   | 1  | Kdb  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 58 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Kfd    |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | Kfd  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 59 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Jm     | Jm      | Jm     |            | Jm   | Jm    | 1  | Jm   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 60 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Jmb        | Jmb  | Jmb   | 1  | Jmb  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 61 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Jms        | Jms  | Jms   | 1  | Jms  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 62 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Jmj     |        |            |      |       | 1  | Jmj  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 63 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Jw     |            |      |       | 1  | Jw   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 64 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Jmw     |        |            |      |       | 1  | Jmw  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 65 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Jmwe    |        |            |      |       | 1  | Jmwe |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 66 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Je     |            | Je   | Je    | 1  | Je   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 67 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            |      | Jwe   | 1  | Jwe  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 68 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            |      | Jjwe  | 1  | Jwe  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 69 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Jme    | Jme     | Jme    |            |      |       | 1  | Jme  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 70 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Jse        | Jse  | Jse   | 1  | Jse  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 71 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | Jse        | Jse  | Js    | 1  | Jse  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 72 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| KJdm   | KJdm    |        |            |      |       | 1  | KJdm |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 73 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | KJdj    |        |            |      |       | 1  | KJdj |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 74 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | KJdw    |        |            |      |       | 1  | KJdw |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 75 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| KJde   | KJde    |        |            |      |       | 1  | KJde |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 76 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Jmce   |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | Jmce |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 77 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| JTRmg  |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | J@mg |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 78 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| TRc    |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | \@c  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 79 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| JTRmc  |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | J@mc |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 80 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | JTRmd  |            |      |       | 1  | J@md |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 81 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            | J    |       | 1  | J@gc |
|        |         |        |            | TRgc |       | 82 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            | JTRn | JTRn  | 1  | J@n  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 83 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            | JTRn | JTRnk | 1  | J@n  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 84 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | TRd     | TRd    |            |      | TRd   | 1  | \@d  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 85 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | TRPdc   |        |            |      |       | 1  | \    |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 86 | @Pdc |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| TRPs   |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | \@Ps |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 87 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | TRk        | TRk  | TRk   | 1  | \@k  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 88 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | TRw     |        | TRw        | TRw  | TRw   | 1  | \@w  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 89 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | TRkw       | TRkw |       | 1  | \@kw |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 90 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            |      | TRwc  | 1  | \@wc |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 91 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        | TRc        | TRc  | TRc   | 1  | \@c  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 92 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            |      | TRkwc | 1  | \    |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 93 | @kwc |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            | TRm  | TRm   | 1  | \@m  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 94 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| TRPcs  |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | \    |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 95 | @Pcs |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Pc     |            | Pc   | Pc    | 1  | Pc   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 96 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Pc     |            | PPcr | Pc    | 1  | Pc   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 97 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| PPm    | PPm     |        |            |      |       | 1  | P&m  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 98 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 1  | P&r  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 99 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| PPwm   |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | P&wm |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 00 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| TRPcm  |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | @&cm |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 01 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Pm     |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | &m   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 02 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Pb     |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | &b   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 03 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Pmb    | Pmb     |        |            |      |       | 2  | &mb  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 04 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Pmbe   | Pmbe    |        |            |      |       | 2  | &mbe |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 05 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Pe     |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | &e   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 06 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Pee    |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | &ee  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 07 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Ph      |        |            | Ph   |       | 2  | &h   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 08 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            | Phu  |       | 2  | &hu  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 09 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         |        |            | Php  |       | 2  | &hp  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 10 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | PPrm   |            |      | PPr   | 2  | P&rm |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 11 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Ml     |            |      |       | 2  | Ml   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 12 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | Doe    |            |      |       | 2  | Doe  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 13 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | PDre   |            |      |       | 2  | PDre |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 14 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| MDr    | MDr     | MDle   |            |      |       | 2  | MDr  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 15 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | MOr     |        |            |      |       | 2  | MOr  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 16 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| OCr    |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | O_r  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 17 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| MCr    | MCr     |        |            |      |       | 2  | M_r  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 18 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | CI     |            |      |       | 2  | \_I  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 19 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | MCli   |            |      |       | 2  | M_li |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 20 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Cam     |        |            |      |       | 2  | \_am |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 21 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Yg     | Yg      | pCtr   |            |      |       | 2  | Yg   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 22 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Yg     | Yg      | pCc    |            |      |       | 2  | Yg   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 23 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Yg     | Yg      | pCe    |            |      |       | 2  | Yg   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 24 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Yg     | Yg      | pCpr   |            |      |       | 2  | Yg   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 25 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Yam     | pCuc   |            |      |       | 2  | Yam  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 26 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Yam     | pCel   |            |      |       | 2  | Yam  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 27 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | YXu     |        |            |      |       | 2  | YXu  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 28 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | pCus   |            |      |       | 2  | YXus |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 29 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | pCuq   |            |      |       | 2  | YXuq |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 30 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| YXg    | YXg     |        | pCr        | pC   |       | 2  | YXg  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 31 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Xg     | Xg      |        |            |      |       | 2  | Xg   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 32 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | pCt    |            |      |       | 2  | Xt   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 33 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | pCb    |            |      |       | 2  | Xbg  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 34 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Xgl    |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | Xgl  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 35 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Xb     | Xb      |        |            |      |       | 2  | Xb   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 36 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Xfh    | Xfh     |        |            |      |       | 2  | Xfh  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 37 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Xf     |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | Xf   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 38 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Xm     | Xm      |        |            |      |       | 2  | Xm   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 39 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | pCtw   |            |      |       | 2  | Xtw  |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 40 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
| Xh     |         |        |            |      |       | 2  | Xh   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 41 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        | Xq      |        |            |      |       | 2  | Xq   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 42 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | pCi    |            |      |       | 2  | Xi   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 43 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+
|        |         | pCv    |            |      |       | 2  | Xv   |
|        |         |        |            |      |       | 44 |      |
+--------+---------+--------+------------+------+-------+----+------+

**APPENDIX C**

**Geologic Map Unit Classification**

The geologic map unit classification scheme employed here follows that
developed by Bruce R. Johnson (U.S. Geological Survey, written
communication, 1999) for digital geologic map databases. The scheme is
given here to help the reader understand the map unit attributes for the
joined ARC/INFO coverage gmug_geol.e00. This classification scheme is
currently in draft form and should be considered as an evolving
framework.

1.  **Unconsolidated deposit** A sediment that is loosely arranged or
    unstratified, or whose particles are not cemented together, found
    either at the surface or at depth.

    1.  **Alluvium** A general term for clay, silt, sand, gravel or
        similar unconsolidated detrital material, deposited during
        comparatively recent geologic time by a stream or other body of
        running water, as a sorted or semi-sorted sediment.

        1.  **Flood plain** Unconsolidated sediment deposited adjacent
            to a river channel, constructed by the present river in its
            existing regimen and covered with water when the river
            overflows its banks.

        2.  **Levee** A long broad low ridge or embankment of sand and
            coarse silt, built by a stream on its flood plain and along
            both banks of its channel, esp. in time of flood when water
            overflowing the normal banks is forced to deposit the
            coarsest part of its load.

        3.  **Delta** The low, nearly flat, alluvial tract of land at or
            near the mouth of a river, commonly forming a triangular or
            fan-shaped plain of considerable area.

        4.  **Alluvial fan** A low, outspread, relatively flat to gently
            sloping mass of loose rock material, shaped like an open fan
            or a segment of a cone, deposited by a stream (esp. in a
            semiarid region) at the place where it issues from a narrow
            mountain valley upon a plain or broad valley.

        5.  **Alluvial terrace** A stream terrace composed of
            unconsolidated alluvium (including gravel), produced by
            renewed downcutting of the flood plain or valley floor.

    2.  **Lake or marine deposit (non-glacial)** A sedimentary deposit
        laid down conformably on the floor of, or along the shore of, a
        lake, sea, or ocean, usually consisting of coarse material near
        the shore and sometimes passing into clay and limestone in
        deeper water.

        1.  **Playa** A dry, vegetation-free, flat area at the lowest
            part of an undrained desert basin, underlain by stratified
            clay, silt, or sand, and commonly by soluble salts.

        2.  **Mud flat** A relatively level area of fine silt along a
            shore (as in a sheltered estuary) or around an island,
            alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, or covered by
            shallow water.

        3.  **Beach sand** A loose aggregate of unlithified mineral or
            rock particles of sand size forming a beach (the relatively
            thick and temporary accumulation of loose water-borne
            material that is in active transit along, or deposited on,
            the shore zone between the limits of low water and high
            water).

        4.  **Terrace** A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly built,
            produced along a lake shore and later exposed when the water
            level falls, or a wave-cut platform that has been exposed by
            uplift along a seacoast or by the lowering of sea level, and
            from 3 m to more than 40 m above mean sea level; an elevated
            marine-cut bench.

    3.  **Eolian** Sediments such as loess or sand deposited by the
        action of the wind.

        1.  **Dune sand** A type of blown sand that has been piled up by
            the wind into a sand dune, usually consisting of rounded
            mineral grains, commonly quartz, having diameters ranging
            from 0.1 to 1 mm.

        2.  **Sand sheet** A large irregularly shaped plain of eolian
            sand, lacking the discernible slip faces that are common on
            dunes.

        3.  **Loess** A widespread, homogeneous, commonly nonstratified,
            porous, friable, slightly coherent, usually highly
            calcareous, fine-grained blanket deposit, consisting
            predominantly of silt with subordinate grain sizes ranging
            from clay to fine sand.

    4.  **Volcanic Ash** A fine pyroclastic material (under 2.0 mm in
        diameter). The term usually refers to the unconsolidated
        material.

    5.  **Mass wasting** Deposits formed by the dislodgement and
        downslope transport of soil and rock material under the direct
        application of gravitational body stresses.

        1.  **Colluvium** A general term applied to any loose,
            heterogeneous, and incoherent mass of soil material and/or
            rock fragments deposited by rainwash, sheetwash, or slow,
            continuous downslope creep, usually collecting at the base
            of gentle slopes or hillsides.

        2.  **Mudflow** Deposits formed by a process characterized by a
            flowing mass of predominantly fine-grained earth material
            possessing a high degree of fluidity during movement.

            1.  **Lahar** A mudflow composed chiefly of volcaniclastic
                materials on the flank of a volcano.

        3.  **Debris flow** A moving mass of rock fragments, soil, and
            mud, more than half of the particles being larger than sand
            size.

        4.  **Landslide** A general term covering a wide variety of
            mass-movement landforms and processes involving the
            downslope transport, under gravitational influence, of soil
            and rock material, en mass.

        5.  **Talus** An outward sloping and accumulated heap or mass of
            rock fragments of any size or shape (usually coarse and
            angular) derived from and lying at the base of a cliff or
            very steep, rocky slope, and formed chiefly by gravitational
            falling, rolling, or sliding.

    6.  **Glacial drift** A general term applied to all rock material
        (clay, silt, sand, gravel, boulders) transported by a glacier
        and deposited directly by or from the ice, or by running water
        emanating from a glacier.

        1.  **Till** Dominantly unsorted and unstratified drift,
            generally unconsolidated, deposited directly by and
            underneath a glacier without subsequent reworking by
            meltwater.

            1.  **Moraine** A mound, ridge, or other distinct
                accumulation of unsorted, unstratified glacial drift,
                predominantly till, deposited chiefly by direct action
                of glacial ice.

        2.  **Strat. glacial sediment** Stratified glacial drift
            deposited by, or reworked by running water, or deposited in
            standing water.

            1.  **Outwash** Stratified detritus (chiefly sand and
                gravel) removed or "washed out" from a glacier by
                meltwater streams and deposited in front of or behind
                the end moraine or the margin of an active glacier.

            2.  **Sub- and supra-glacial sediment** A variety of
                irregularly stratified sand and gravel deposits, such as
                eskers, kames, etc., that were deposited by a subglacial
                or supra-glacial stream or pond and were left behind
                when the ice melted.

            3.  **Glaciolacustrine** Deposits and landforms composed of
                suspended material brought by meltwater streams flowing
                into lakes bordering the glacier, such as deltas, kame
                deltas, and varved sediments.

            4.  **Glacial-marine** Deposits of glacially eroded,
                terrestrially derived sediment in the marine
                environment.

    7.  **Biogenic sediment** An organic sediment produced directly by
        the physiologic activities of organisms, either plant or animal.

        1.  **Peat** An unconsolidated deposit of semicarbonized plant
            remains in a water saturated environment, such as a bog or
            fen, and of persistently high moisture content (at least
            75%).

        2.  **Coral** A hard calcareous substance consisting of the
            continuous skeleton secreted by coral polyps for their
            support and habitation and found in single specimens growing
            plant-like on the sea bottom or in extensive, solidified
            accumulations (coral reefs).

    8.  **Residuum** An accumulation or rock debris formed by weathering
        and remaining essentially in place after all but the least
        soluble constituents have been removed.

    9.  **Clay, mud** A loose, earthy, extremely fine-grained, natural
        sediment composed primarily of clay-size or colloidal particles
        and characterized by high plasticity and by a considerable
        content of clay minerals.

    10. **Silt** A loose aggregate of unlithified mineral or rock
        particles of silt size (1/256 to 1/16 mm); an unconsolidated
        deposit consisting essentially of fine-grained clastic
        particles.

    11. **Sand** A loose aggregate of unlithified mineral or rock
        particles of sand size (1/16 to 2 mm); an unconsolidated deposit
        consisting essentially of medium-grained clastic particles.

    12. **Gravel** A loose accumulation of rock fragments composed
        predominantly of more or less rounded pebbles and small stones.

2.  **Sedimentary rock** A rock resulting from the consolidation of
    loose sediment that has accumulated in layers.

    1.  **Clastic** A composed principally of broken fragments that are
        derived from preexisting rocks or minerals and that have been
        transported some distance from their place of origin.

        1.  **Mudstone** A general term that includes claystone,
            siltstone, shale, and argillite, and that should be used
            only when the amounts of clay-sized and silt-sized particles
            are not known or specified, or cannot be precisely
            identified.

            1.  **Claystone** An indurated rock having more than 67%
                clay-sized minerals.

                1.  **Bentonite** A soft, plastic, porous, light-colored
                    rock composed essentially of clay minerals of the
                    montmorillonite (smectite) group plus colloidal
                    silica, and produced by devitrification and
                    accompanying chemical alteration of a glassy igneous
                    material, usually a tuff or volcanic ash.

            2.  **Shale** A laminated, indurated rock having more than
                67% clay-sized minerals.

                1.  **Black Shale** A dark, thinly laminated
                    carbonaceous shale, exceptionally rich in organic
                    matter (5% or more carbon content) and sulfide (esp.
                    iron sulfide, usually pyrite), and often containing
                    unusual concentrations of certain trace elements (U,
                    V, Cu, Ni).

                2.  **Oil Shale** A kerogen-bearing, finely laminated
                    brown or black sedimentary rock that will yield
                    liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon on distillation.

            3.  **Argillite** A compact rock derived either from
                mudstone or shale, that has undergone a somewhat higher
                degree of induration than mudstone or shale but is less
                clearly laminated than shale and without its fissility,
                and that lacks the cleavage distinctive of slate.

            4.  **Siltstone** An indurated silt having the texture and
                composition of shale but lacking its fine lamination or
                fissility; a massive mudstone in which silt-sized
                particles predominate over clay-sized particles.

        2.  **Fine-grained mixed clastic** A mixture of clastic
            sedimentary rocks varying from mudstone to sandstone,
            dominated by rocks containing clay-sized or silt-sized
            particles.

        3.  **Sandstone** A medium-grained clastic sedimentary rock
            composed of abundant sand-sized fragments, which may have a
            finer-grained matrix (silt or clay), and which is more or
            less indurated by a cementing material.

            1.  **Arenite** A "clean" sandstone that is well-sorted,
                contains little or no matrix material, and has a
                relatively simple mineralogic composition; specif. a
                pure or nearly pure, chemically cemented sandstone
                containing less than 10% argillaceous matrix.

                1.  **Orthoquartzite** A clastic sedimentary rock that
                    is made up almost exclusively of quartz sand (with
                    or without chert), that is relatively free of or
                    lacks a fine-grained matrix; a quartzite of
                    sedimentary origin, or a "pure quartz sandstone".

                2.  **Calcarenite** A clastic sedimentary rock that is
                    made up predominantly of recycled carbonate
                    particles of sand size; a consolidated calcareous
                    sand.

            2.  **Arkose** A feldspar-rich sandstone, commonly
                coarse-grained and pink or reddish, that is typically
                composed of angular to subangular grains that may be
                either poorly or moderately well sorted. Quartz is
                usually the dominant mineral, with feldspars
                constituting at least 25%.

            3.  **Wacke** A "dirty" sandstone that consists of a mixed
                variety of unsorted or poorly sorted mineral and rock
                fragments and of an abundant matrix of clay and fine
                silt; specif. an impure sandstone containing more than
                10% argillaceous matrix.

                1.  **Graywacke** A dark gray, firmly indurated,
                    coarse-grained sandstone that consists of poorly
                    sorted angular to subangular grains of quartz and
                    feldspar, with a variety of dark rock and mineral
                    fragments embedded in a compact clayey matrix having
                    the general composition of slate and containing an
                    abundance of very fine-grained illite, sericite, and
                    chloritic minerals.

        4.  **Medium-grained mixed clastic** A mixture of clastic
            sedimentary rocks varying from siltstone to conglomerate,
            dominated by rocks containing sand-sized particles.

        5.  **Conglomerate** A coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock,
            composed of rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm
            in diameter typically containing fine-grained particles in
            the interstices, and commonly cemented by calcium carbonate,
            iron oxide, silica, or hardened clay.

        6.  **Sedimentary breccia** A breccia (coarse-grained clastic
            rock composed of angular broken rock fragments held together
            by a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix) formed by
            sedimentary processes.

        7.  **Coarse-grained mixed clastic** A mixture of clastic
            sedimentary rocks varying from siltstone to conglomerate,
            dominated by rocks containing coarse sand-sized or
            gravel-sized particles.

        8.  **Olistostrome** A sedimentary deposit consisting of a
            chaotic mass of intimately mixed heterogeneous materials
            (such as blocks and muds) that accumulated as a semi-fluid
            body by submarine gravity sliding or slumping of
            unconsolidated sediments.

    2.  **Carbonate** A sedimentary rock composed of more than 50% by
        weight carbonate minerals.

        1.  **Limestone** A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly (more
            than 50% by weight or by areal percentages under the
            microscope) of calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of
            the mineral calcite.

        2.  **Dolostone (dolomite)** A carbonate sedimentary rock of
            which more than 50% by weight or by areal percentages under
            the microscope consists of the mineral dolomite.

    3.  **Mixed clastic/carbonate** An undivided mixture of clastic and
        carbonate sedimentary rocks.

    4.  **Mixed clastic/volcanic** An undivided mixture of clastic
        sedimentary rock and volcanic rock.

    5.  **Phosphorite** A sedimentary rock with a high enough content of
        phosphate minerals to be of economic interest.

    6.  **Chemical** A sedimentary rock composed primarily of material
        formed directly by precipitation from solution or colloidal
        suspension or by the deposition of insoluble precipitates.

        1.  **Evaporite** A nonclastic sedimentary rock composed
            primarily of minerals produced from a saline solution as a
            result of extensive or total evaporation of the solvent.

        2.  **Chert** A hard, extremely dense or compact, dull to
            semivitreous, microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline
            sedimentary rock, consisting dominantly of interlocking
            crystals of quartz less than 30 µm in diameter.

        3.  **Iron formation** A chemical sedimentary rock, typically
            thin-bedded and/or finely laminated, containing at least 15%
            iron of sedimentary origin, and commonly but not necessarily
            containing layers of chert

        4.  **Exhalite** A chemical sedimentary rock, usually containing
            oxide, carbonate, or sulfide as anions, and iron, magnesium,
            base metals, and gold as cations, formed by the issuance of
            volcanically derived fluids onto the sea floor or into the
            sea.

    7.  **Coal** A readily combustible rock containing more than 50% by
        weight and more than 70% by volume carbonaceous material, formed
        by compaction and induration of variously altered plant remains.

    8.  **Mixed clastic/coal** An undivided mixture of clastic
        sedimentary rock and coal.

3.  **Volcanic rock (aphanitic)** A generally finely crystalline or
    glassy igneous rock resulting from volcanic action at or near the
    Earth's surface, either ejected explosively or extruded as a lava.
    The term includes near-surface intrusions that form a part of the
    volcanic structure.

    1.  **Glassy** Extrusive rock having a texture which is similar to
        that of glass or quartz and developed as a result of rapid
        cooling of the lava without distinct crystallization.

        1.  **Obsidian** A black or dark-colored volcanic glass, usually
            of rhyolite composition, characterized by conchoidal
            fracture.

        2.  **Vitrophyre** Any porphyritic igneous rock having a glassy
            groundmass.

        3.  **Pumice** A light-colored vesicular glassy rock commonly
            having the composition of rhyolite.

    2.  **Pyroclastic** Clastic rock material formed by volcanic
        explosion or aerial expulsion from a volcanic vent.

        1.  **Tuff** Consolidated or cemented volcanic ash.

            1.  **Welded Tuff** A glass-rich pyroclastic rock that has
                been indurated by the welding together of its glass
                shards under the combined action of the heat retained by
                particles, the weight of the overlying material, and hot
                gasses.

            2.  **Ash-flow Tuff** A tuff deposited by an ash flow or
                gaseous cloud; a type of ignimbrite. It is a
                consolidated, but not necessarily welded deposit.

        2.  **Ignimbrite** The deposit of a pyroclastic flow.

        3.  **Volcanic breccia (agglomerate)** A pyroclastic rock that
            consists of angular volcanic fragments that are larger than
            64 mm in diameter and that may or may not have a matrix.

    3.  **Lava flow** A solidified body of rock that is formed by the
        lateral, surficial outpouring of molten lava from a vent or a
        fissure.

        1.  **Bimodal suite** A mixed sequence of sub-equal amounts of
            felsic and mafic volcanic rocks, commonly rhyolite and
            basalt with little or no intermediate composition rock.

    4.  **Felsite** A light-colored, fine-grained or aphanitic extrusive
        or hypabyssal rock, with or without phenocrysts and composed
        chiefly of quartz and feldspar.

        1.  **Alkali rhyolite** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q/(Q+A+P) between 20 and 60% and P/(P+A)
            \< 10%.

        2.  **Rhyolite** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q/(Q+A+P) between 20 and 60% and P/(P+A) between 10
            and 35%.

        3.  **Rhyodacite** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF diagram
            as having Q/(Q+A+P) between 20 and 60% and P/(P+A) between
            35 and 65%.

        4.  **Dacite** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q/(Q+A+P) between 20 and 60% and P/(P+A) \> 65%.

        5.  **Alkali trachyte** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q/(Q+A+P) \< 20% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, and
            P/(P+A) \< 10%.

        6.  **Trachyte** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q/(Q+A+P) \< 20% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, and P/(P+A)
            between 10 and 35%.

        7.  **Quartz Latite** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q/(Q+A+P) between 5 and 20% and P/(P+A)
            between 35 and 65%.

        8.  **Latite** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q/(Q+A+P) \< 5% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, and P/(P+A)
            between 35 and 65%.

    5.  **Intermediate** A solidified body of volcanic rock having
        approximately equal light- and dark-colored minerals in its
        mode.

        1.  **Trachyandesite** A volcanic rock defined modally by
            Q/(Q+A+P) \< 20% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, P/(A+P) between 65 and
            90%, and M \< 35.

        2.  **Andesite** A volcanic rock defined modally by Q/(Q+A+P) \<
            20% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, P/(A+P) \> 90%, and M \< 35.

    6.  **Mafic** A solidified body of volcanic rock having abundant
        dark-colored minerals in its mode.

        1.  **Trachybasalt** A volcanic rock defined modally by
            Q/(Q+A+P) \< 20% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, P/(A+P) between 65 and
            90%, and M \> 35.

        2.  **Basalt** A volcanic rock defined modally by Q/(Q+A+P) \<
            20% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, P/(A+P) \> 90%, and M \> 35.

            1.  **Tholeiite** A silica-oversaturated basalt,
                characterized by the presence of low-calcium pyroxenes
                in addition to clinopyroxene and calcic plagioclase.
                Olivine may be present in the mode, but neither olivine
                nor nepheline appear in the norm.

            2.  **Hawaiite** A basalt in which the normative and modal
                feldspar is andesine, and with soda:potash ratio greater
                than 2:1. It generally, but not always, lacks normative
                quartz, and commonly contains normative and modal
                olivine.

            3.  **Alkaline basalt** A basalt with nepheline and/or
                acmite in the CIPW norm.

    7.  **Alkalic** A volcanic rock that contains more sodium and/or
        potassium than is required to form feldspar with the available
        silica.

        1.  **Phonolite** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having F/(F+A+P) between 10 an 60%, and P/(P+A) \< 10%.

        2.  **Tephrite (basanite)** A volcanic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having F/(F+A+P) between 10 an 60%, and P/(P+A)
            \> 90%.

    8.  **Ultramafitite (komatiite)** A volcanic rock with color
        index (M) greater than or equal to 90.

    9.  **Volcanic carbonatite** A rock of apparent volcanic origin
        composed of at least 50% carbonate minerals.

4.  **Plutonic rock (phaneritic)** A rock formed at considerable depth
    by crystallization of magma and/or by chemical alteration. It is
    characteristically medium- to coarse-grained, of granitoid texture.

    1.  **Aplite** A light-colored igneous rock characterized by a
        fine-grained allotriomorphic-granular (i.e. aplitic) texture.

    2.  **Porphyry** An igneous rock of any composition that contains
        conspicuous phenocrysts in a fine-grained groundmass.

        1.  **Lamprophyre** A group of porphyritic igneous rocks in
            which mafic minerals form the phenocrysts; feldspars, if
            present, are restricted to the groundmass.

    3.  **Pegmatite** An exceptionally coarse-grained igneous rock, with
        interlocking crystals, usually found as irregular dikes, lenses,
        or veins, esp. at the margins of batholiths.

    4.  **Granitoid** A general term for all phaneritic igneous rocks
        dominated by quartz and feldspars.

        1.  **Alkali-granite (alaskite)** A plutonic rock defined in the
            QAPF diagram as having Q between 20 and 60% and P/(A+P) \<
            10%.

        2.  **Granite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q between 20 and 60% and P/(A+P) between 10 and 65%.

            1.  **Peraluminous** A granite with aluminum oxide \> sodium
                oxide + potassium oxide + calcium oxide; typical
                accessories include: muscovite, biotite, corundum,
                topaz, garnet.

            2.  **Metaluminous** A granite with aluminum oxide \> sodium
                oxide + potassium oxide, but with aluminum oxide \<
                sodium oxide + potassium oxide + calcium oxide; typical
                accessories include: hornblende, epidote, melilite, or
                biotite + pyroxene.

            3.  **Subaluminous** A granite with aluminum oxide
                approximately equal to sodium oxide + potassium oxide;
                typical accessories include: olivine, orthopyroxene,
                clinopyroxene.

            4.  **Peralkaline** A granite with aluminum oxide \< sodium
                oxide + potassium oxide; typical accessories include:
                soda pyroxene and soda amphibole.

        3.  **Granodiorite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram
            as having Q between 20 and 60% and P/(A+P) between 65 and
            90%.

        4.  **Tonalite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q between 20 and 60% and P/(A+P) \> 90%.

            1.  **Trondhjemite** A tonalite with color index (M) less
                than 15; composed essentially of sodic plagioclase,
                quartz, sparse biotite, and little or no alkali
                feldspar.

        5.  **Alkali syenite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q/(Q+A+P) \< 20% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, and
            P/(P+A) \< 10%.

        6.  **Quartz syenite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q between 5 and 20% and P/(A+P) between 10
            and 35%.

        7.  **Syenite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q \< 5% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, and P/(A+P) between 10
            and 35%.

        8.  **Quartz monzonite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q between 5 and 20% and P/(A+P) between 35
            and 65%.

        9.  **Monzonite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q \< 5% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, and P/(A+P) between 35
            and 65%.

        10. **Quartz monzodiorite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q between 5 and 20% and P/(A+P) between 65
            and 90%, and plagioclase more sodic than An~50~.

        11. **Quartz monzogabbro** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q between 5 and 20% and P/(A+P) between 65
            and 90%, and plagioclase more calcic than An~50~.

        12. **Monzodiorite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram
            as having Q \< 5% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, and P/(A+P) between
            65 and 90%, and plagioclase more sodic than An~50~.

        13. **Monzogabbro** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram
            as having Q \< 5% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, and P/(A+P) between
            65 and 90%, and plagioclase more calcic than An~50~.

        14. **Quartz diorite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q between 5 and 20%, P/(A+P) \> 90%, and
            plagioclase more sodic than An~50~.

        15. **Quartz gabbro** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having Q between 5 and 20%, P/(A+P) \> 90%, and
            plagioclase more calcic than An~50~.

        16. **Diorite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q between 0 and 5% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, P/(A+P)
            greater than 90% and plagioclase more sodic than An~50~.

            1.  **Diabase** A plutonic rock whose main components are
                labradorite and pyroxene and which is characterized by
                ophitic texture.

        17. **Gabbro** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram as
            having Q between 0 and 5% or F/(F+A+P) \< 10%, P/(A+P)
            greater than 90% and plagioclase more calcic than An~50~.

            1.  **Norite** A plutonic rock satisfying the definition of
                gabbro, in which pl/(pl+px+ol) is between 10 and 90% and
                opx/(opx+cpx) is greater than 95%.

            2.  **Troctolite** A plutonic rock satisfying the definition
                of gabbro, in which pl/(pl+px+ol) is between 10 and 90%
                and px/(pl+px+ol) is less than 5%.

        18. **Anorthosite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF diagram
            as having Q between 0 and 5, P/(A+P) greater than 90, and M
            less than 10. A group of monomineralogic plutonic igneous
            rocks composed almost entirely of plagioclase feldspar.

    5.  **Alkalic intrusive rock** A plutonic rock that contains more
        sodium and/or potassium than is required to form feldspar with
        the available silica.

        1.  **Nepheline syenite** A plutonic rock defined in the QAPF
            diagram as having F/(F+A+P) between 10 an 60%, and P/(P+A)
            \< 50%; composed essentially of alkali feldspar and
            nepheline.

    6.  **Ultramafic intrusive rock** A general name for plutonic rock
        with color index (M) greater than or equal to 90...

        1.  **Peridotite** A plutonic rock with M equal to or greater
            than 90 and ol/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 40%.

            1.  **Dunite** A plutonic rock with M equal to or greater
                than 90 and ol/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 90%.

            2.  **Kimberlite** A porphyritic alkalic peridotite
                containing abundant phenocrysts of olivine and
                phlogopite, and possibly geikielite and chromian pyrope,
                in a fine-grained groundmass of calcite and
                second-generation olivine and phlogopite.

        2.  **Pyroxenite** A plutonic rock with M equal to or greater
            than 90 and ol/(ol+opx+cpx) less than 40%.

        3.  **Hornblendite** A plutonic rock with M equal to or greater
            than 90 and hbl/(hbl+px+ol) greater than 90%.

    7.  **Intrusive Carbonatite** A plutonic rock composed of at least
        50% carbonate minerals.

5.  **Metamorphic rock** A rock derived from pre-existing rocks by
    mineralogical, chemical, and/or structural changes, essentially in
    the solid state, in response to marked changes in temperature,
    pressure, shearing stress, and chemical environment, generally at
    depth in the earth's crust.

    1.  **Hornfels** A fine-grained rock composed of a mosaic of
        equidimensional grains without preferred orientation and
        typically formed by contact metamorphism.

    2.  **Metasedimentary** A sedimentary rock that shows evidence of
        having been subjected to metamorphism.

        1.  **Meta-argillite** An argillite that has been metamorphosed.

        2.  **Slate** A compact, fine-grained metamorphic rock that
            possesses slaty cleavage and hence can be split into slabs
            and thin plates.

        3.  **Quartzite** A granoblastic metamorphic rock consisting
            mainly of quartz and formed by recrystallization of
            sandstone or chert by either regional or thermal
            metamorphism.

        4.  **Marble** A metamorphic rock consisting predominantly of
            fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized calcite and/or
            dolomite, usually with a granoblastic, saccharoidal texture.

    3.  **Metavolcanic** A volcanic rock that shows evidence of having
        been subjected to metamorphism.

        1.  **Felsic** A metavolcanic rock having abundant light-colored
            minerals, typically quartz and feldspar.

            1.  **Meta-rhyolite** A low-grade, felsic metavolcanic rock
                with preserved evidence of its original rhyolitic
                character.

            2.  **Keratophyre** Extrusive and hypabyssal rocks
                characterized by the presence of albite or
                albite-oligoclase and chlorite, epidote, and calcite,
                generally of secondary order.

        2.  **Mafic** A metavolcanic rock having abundant dark-colored
            minerals, typically feldspar, amphibole, and/or pyroxene.

            1.  **Meta-basalt** A low-grade, mafic metavolcanic rock
                with preserved evidence of its original basaltic
                character.

            2.  **Spilite** An altered basalt, characteristically
                amygdaloidal or vesicular, in which the feldspar has
                been albitized and is typically accompanied by chlorite,
                calcite, epidote, chalcedony, prehnite, or other
                low-temperature hydrous crystallization products
                characteristic of a greenstone.

            3.  **Greenstone** A field term applied to any compact,
                dark-green, altered or metamorphosed basic igneous rock
                (e.g. spilite, basalt, gabbro, diabase) that owes its
                color to the presence of chlorite, actinolite, or
                epidote.

    4.  **Phyllite** A metamorphosed rock, intermediate in grade between
        slate and mica schist. Minute crystals of graphite, sericite, or
        chlorite impart a silky sheen to the surfaces of cleavage (or
        schistosity).

    5.  **Schist** A strongly foliated crystalline rock, formed by
        dynamic metamorphism, that can be readily split into thin flakes
        or slabs due to the well developed parallelism of more than 50%
        of the minerals present, particularly those of the lamellar or
        elongate prismatic habit, e.g. mica and hornblende.

        1.  **Greenschist** A schistose metamorphic rock whose green
            color is due to the presence of chlorite, epidote, or
            actinolite; a common product of low-grade regional
            metamorphism of pelitic or basic igneous rocks.

        2.  **Blueschist** A schistose metamorphic rock with a blue
            color owing to the presence of sodic amphibole, glaucophane,
            or crossite, and commonly mottled bluish-gray lawsonite;
            characteristic of metamorphism in areas of unusually low
            thermal gradient, such as subduction zones.

        3.  **Mica schist** A schist whose essential constituents are
            mica and quartz, and whose schistosity is mainly due to the
            parallel arrangement of mica flakes.

        4.  **Pelitic schist** A schistose metamorphic rock derived by
            metamorphism of an argillaceous or a fine-grained alluminous
            sediment.

        5.  **Quartz-feldspar schist** A schist whose essential
            constituents are quartz and feldspar and having lesser
            amounts of mica and/or hornblende.

        6.  **Calc-silicate schist** A metamorphosed calcareous rock,
            commonly derived from argillaceous limestone or calcareous
            mudstone, containing calcium-bearing silicates such as
            diopside and wollastonite, with a schistose structure
            produced by parallelism of platy minerals.

        7.  **Amphibole schist** A schist whose essential constituent is
            amphibole with lesser amounts of feldspar, quartz, and/or
            mica.

    6.  **Granofels** A medium- to coarse-grained granoblastic
        metamorphic rock with little or no foliation or lineation.

    7.  **Gneiss** A foliated rock formed by regional metamorphism, in
        which bands or lenticles of granular minerals alternate with
        bands or lenticles in which minerals having flaky or elongate
        prismatic habits predominate. Generally less than 50% of the
        minerals show preferred orientation.

        1.  **Felsic gneiss** A gneissic rock dominated by light-colored
            minerals, commonly quartz and feldspar.

            1.  **Granitic gneiss** A gneissic rock with a general
                granitoid composition.

                1.  **Biotite gneiss** A granitic gneiss in which the
                    dominant mafic mineral is biotite.

        2.  **Mafic gneiss** A gneissic rock dominated by dark-colored
            minerals, commonly biotite and hornblende.

        3.  **Orthogneiss** A gneissic rock formed from an igneous
            parent.

        4.  **Paragneiss** A gneissic rock formed from a sedimentary
            parent.

        5.  **Migmatite** A composite "mixed rock" composed of igneous
            or igneous-appearing and metamorphic portions.

    8.  **Amphibolite** A crystalloblastic rock consisting mainly of
        amphibole and plagioclase with little or no quartz.

    9.  **Granulite** A metamorphic rock consisting of even-sized,
        interlocking mineral grains less than 10% of which have any
        obvious preferred orientation.

    10. **Eclogite** A granular rock composed essentially of garnet
        (almandine-pyrope) and sodic pyroxene (omphacite).

    11. **Greisen** A pneumatolytically altered granitic rock composed
        largely of quartz, mica, and topaz.

    12. **Skarn (tactite)** A rock of complex mineralogic composition
        formed by contact metamorphism and metasomatism of carbonate
        rocks. It is typically coarse-grained and rich in garnet,
        iron-rich pyroxene, epidote, wollastonite, and scapolite.

    13. **Serpentinite** A rock consisting almost wholly of
        serpentine-group minerals derived from the hydration of
        ferromagnesian silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene.

6.  **Tectonite** A rock whose fabric reflects the history of its
    deformation.

    1.  **Tectonic mélange** A mélange produced by tectonic processes.

    2.  **Cataclasite** A fine-grained, cohesive cataclastic rock,
        normally lacking a penetrative foliation or microfabric, formed
        during fault movement.

    3.  **Phyllonite** A rock that macroscopically resembles phyllite
        but that is formed by mechanical degradation (mylonitization) of
        initially coarser rocks.

    4.  **Mylonite** A compact, chert-like rock without cleavage, but
        with a streaky or banded structure, produced by the extreme
        granulation and shearing of rocks that have been pulverized and
        rolled during overthrusting or intense dynamic metamorphism.

    5.  **Flaser gneiss** A dynamically metamorphosed rock in which
        lenses or layers of original or relatively unaltered granular
        materials are surrounded by a matrix of highly sheared and
        crushed material, giving the appearance of a crude flow
        structure.

    6.  **Augen gneiss** Gneissic rock containing augen (large
        lenticular mineral grains or mineral aggregates having the shape
        of an eye in cross section).