Substance Abuse and Mental Health\
in California, 2001

Laurel L. Hourani

Carol L. Council

Weihua Shi

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared by the Office of Applied Studies (OAS),
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and
by RTI International (a trade name of Research Triangle Institute),
under Contract No. 283-99-9018. At SAMHSA, Charlene Lewis and Albert
Woodward led the work on this report, and Cathie Alderks provided review
comments. At RTI, Laurel L. Hourani was the task leader for its
production and coauthored the report with Carol L. Council and Weihua
Shi. Ms. Shi was the statistician for the report, and Michael Penne was
its statistical reviewer. Mary Ellen Marsden and Michael R. Pemberton
provided review comments. The report was edited by Richard S. Straw.
Joyce Clay-Brooks word processed the report, Diane G. Caudill prepared
its graphic, and K. Scott Chestnut assisted with the editing. Pamela
Couch Prevatt, Teresa F. Gurley, and Kim Cone prepared its Web version.
Final report production was provided by Beatrice Rouse, Coleen
Sanderson, and Jane Feldmann at SAMHSA.

Public Domain Notice

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be
reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA. However, this
publication may *not* be reproduced or distributed for a fee without
specific, written authorization of the Office of Communications, SAMHSA,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Citation of the source is
appreciated. Suggested citation:

Hourani, L. L., Council, C. L., & Shi, W. (2005). *Substance abuse and
mental health in California, 2001*. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.

**Copies of the Publication**

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Substance Abuse and Mental Health\
in California, 2001

Introduction

This is one of several reports examining variations in adult substance
use and mental health within the eight most populous States in the
United States: California, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and Texas. Findings from the 2001 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA), now called the National Survey on Drug Use
and Health (NSDUH), are presented for the use of illicit drugs, alcohol,
and tobacco; substance abuse and dependence; need and unmet need for
substance abuse treatment; serious mental illness (SMI); and mental
health services utilization among adults aged 18 or older. Unlike
previous model-based population estimates,^1^ these reports provide
direct survey estimates and a wider range of population characteristics
that can be used by the States to address policy concerns.

Substance Abuse Treatment System in California

California is the most heavily populated State in the Nation with 32
million residents representing a wide range of racial, ethnic, social,
and economic groups. As such, it has the largest estimated number of
adults with substance dependence and abuse.^1^ The State\'s Department
of Alcohol and Drug Programs (ADP), created in 1978, is the single State
authority for substance abuse prevention and treatment.^2^ The ADP had
approximately 350 permanent staff members and a budget of more than
\$544 million for State fiscal year 2002-2003.^3^ Of this amount,
\$506.3 million (93 percent) is for local governments and communities to
provide treatment, recovery, and prevention services; the remaining
\$37.9 million (7 percent) is for State-level support.

According to a report from the National Association of State Alcohol and
Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) for fiscal year (FY) 1999, California
reported the expenditure of \$610.9 million for State-supported alcohol
and other drug services.^4^ Of this amount, \$429.4 million was spent on
treatment services, and \$71.9 million was spent on primary prevention.
During 1999, California had a total of 911 State-supported alcohol/drug
treatment units.^5^ The number of alcohol and other drug admissions for
FY 1999 in California was 56,454 for alcohol and 160,273 for other
drugs.^6^

Mental Health Service System in California

In 1991, the Health and Welfare Realignment Program transferred the
financial responsibility for most of the mental health programs in the
State of California from the State to the counties that govern the
provision of services. State oversight of public-sector mental health
service delivery is conducted by the Department of Mental Health (DMH)
and primarily targets individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) and
children at risk for SMI. Total expenditures for county mental health
programs in FY 2001-2002 were estimated at over \$2 billion, \$1.4
billion of which was for adults.^7^ An estimated 418,154 adult clients
(197,215 of whom were severely impaired) were served by the State\'s
public-sector mental health programs in State fiscal year 2001-2002,
yielding an estimated expenditure of \$3,480 per client.

This report presents NHSDA findings that describe the prevalence of
substance use and serious mental disorders and treatment receipt from a
representative sample of California residents that include public and
private clients, as well as nonclients or nonservice users.

Methodology

*Sample and Procedures*

The NHSDA utilizes a national probability sample designed to provide
national and State-level estimates on the use of illicit drugs, alcohol,
and tobacco by the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged
12 or older. The 2001 NHSDA sample employed a 50-State design with an
independent multistage area probability sample for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia. Approximately 3,000 persons were surveyed
in each of the eight most populous States. For each of the remaining
States, approximately 900 interviews were conducted. The design also
oversampled youths and young adults, so that the sample for the Nation
and each State was equally distributed among three major age groups:
youths aged 12 to 17 years, young adults aged 18 to 25 years, and adults
aged 26 years or older.

Since 1999, the NHSDA has been carried out using computer-assisted
interviewing (CAI) methods with a combination of computer-assisted
personal interviewing (CAPI) conducted by the interviewer and audio
computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) guided by the computer and
respondent. ACASI is a private self-interviewing technology that has
been shown to increase response rates to questions regarding sensitive
behavior.^8^ All sensitive questions in the NHSDA, such as those on
substance use and mental health, were administered using ACASI. During
2001, the survey obtained data from 45,751 adult respondents aged 18 or
older interviewed anonymously in their homes. The weighted interview
response rate for adults aged 18 or older was 73.3 percent. This study
uses data for California residents aged 18 or older from the 2001
NHSDA.^9^ In the 2001 NHSDA, 2,480 California residents aged 18 years or
older were surveyed, with an overall weighted interview response rate of
70.45 percent.

*Measures*

Substance use measures included measures of tobacco use, illicit drug
use, and alcohol use. Measures of tobacco use included being a current
(within the past month) cigarette smoker, current pipe or cigar smoker,
and current smokeless tobacco user (snuff or chew). Types of illicit
drug use included marijuana/hashish, cocaine/crack, nonmedical use of
prescription-type medications, and other drugs (heroin, inhalants, and
hallucinogens). Measures of alcohol use included binge alcohol use and
heavy alcohol use. Binge alcohol use, also referred to as binge drinking
in this report, was defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same
occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy alcohol use was
defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e.,
within a few hours) on 5 or more days in the past 30 days. All heavy
alcohol users were binge drinkers by definition. Past year alcohol and
illicit drug dependence or abuse were measured using DSM-IV
criteria.^10^ A person was defined with substance dependence if he or
she had symptoms, such as increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and
unsuccessful attempts at controlling his or her substance use in the
past year. A person was defined with substance abuse if he or she was
not dependent but had symptoms, such as recurrent use resulting in
failure at work or at home, a recurrent substance-related legal problem,
or continued use despite persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal
problems in the past year. Serious mental illness (SMI) was defined as
having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met
the criteria in DSM-IV and that resulted in functional impairment and
substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life
activities at some time during the past year.^11^

An adult who received substance abuse treatment was defined as a person
aged 18 or older who received treatment or counseling designed to help
reduce or stop his or her use of alcohol or any drug, not including
cigarettes, in the past 12 months, including detoxification and any
other treatment for medical problems associated with his or her alcohol
or drug use. Mental health treatment referred to receipt of either
specialty or nonspecialty treatment or counseling for problems (other
than for alcohol or drug use) with emotions, nerves, or mental health in
an inpatient setting, outpatient setting, or use of prescription
medication to treat a mental or emotional condition in the past 12
months. Treatment receipt for SMI was defined as receipt of any mental
health treatment for an individual with SMI. Persons who perceived an
unmet need for treatment were defined as respondents who did not receive
treatment but who believed they needed treatment. Persons who needed but
did not receive substance abuse treatment were defined as respondents
classified as alcohol or drug dependent or abusers who did not receive
treatment for an alcohol or illicit drug problem.

Persons who were classified as perceiving a need for alcohol treatment
or for drug treatment but not receiving it were those who reported
feeling a need for treatment or counseling for their use of alcohol or
for their use of one or more drugs in the past 12 months who did not
receive treatment. Unmet need for treatment for mental health problems
was defined as a perceived need for treatment for mental health problems
that was not received in the past 12 months. This measure also includes
persons who received some treatment for mental health problems in the
past 12 months but also reported that they perceived a need for
treatment that they did not receive. Unmet need among those who received
treatment for mental health problems may be interpreted as delayed or
insufficient treatment in the past 12 months. Unless otherwise
indicated, treatment percentages, usually in parentheses, are given for
adults aged 18 or older in the total California population.

Sociodemographic characteristics included in these analyses were age,
gender, race/ethnicity, completed education, marital status, family
income, receipt of government assistance, health insurance coverage, and
residence in one of the three largest metropolitan statistical areas
(MSAs) or elsewhere in the State. These characteristics are defined in a
previous publication.^9^

*Statistical Analysis*

All analyses for this study were conducted on data from adult
respondents aged 18 or older in California. All estimates were weighted,
and standard errors were calculated using SUDAAN,^12^ a software program
that uses Taylor series linearization to adjust for the complex sample
design. With the exception of tobacco and alcohol measures that are
based on past month use, the time frame for the measures used in this
analysis is the past year.

Results

*Tobacco Use*

Tables 1 and 2 present the estimated numbers and percentages of adults
who used cigarettes, pipes or cigars, or smokeless tobacco in the State
of California during 2001. Over 5 million people (22.3 percent) smoked
cigarettes in the past month. Over 1.3 million people (5.4 percent) were
current pipe or cigar smokers, and 302,000 (1.2 percent) used smokeless
tobacco products in the past month. The highest rates of current
cigarette use were among subgroups of the population, including those
who were 18 to 25 years of age, males, those who were not college
graduates, unmarried persons, those who had received government
assistance, Medicaid or Children\'s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
recipients, and those with no health insurance coverage. Males also had
the highest rates of current pipe or cigar and smokeless tobacco use.
Private insurance and nongovernment assistance recipients had
significantly higher rates of current smokeless tobacco use than
cigarette, pipe, or cigar use.

*Alcohol Use*

Tables 3 and 4 show that 12.8 million adults (52.3 percent) had used
alcohol in the past month, 4.8 million adults (19.6 percent) were binge
drinkers, and 1.1 million (4.6 percent) were heavy alcohol users. An
estimated 692,000 (2.8 percent) of the adult population had abused
alcohol, and 740,000 (3.0 percent) met criteria for alcohol dependence.
Among racial/ethnic groups, non-Hispanic whites had the highest
prevalence of heavy alcohol use but were not significantly more likely
than other racial/ethnic groups to have abuse or dependence. The
prevalence rate of past month alcohol use was more than 60 percent for
non-Hispanic whites, college graduates, and those with family incomes of
\$75,000 or more. However, college graduates had lower rates of binge
drinking and heavy alcohol use than those with less education.
Individuals in the highest family income category (i.e., \$75,000 or
more annually) had a significantly lower rate of binge drinking than
those with family incomes of less than \$50,000.

*Illicit Drug Use*

Tables 5 and 6 show that 3.4 million adult Californians (14.1 percent)
reported using illicit drugs in the past year. Marijuana and hashish
were the most commonly used drugs---reported by 2.5 million people (10.1
percent)---followed by the nonmedical use of prescription drugs, which
was reported by 1.6 million people (6.4 percent). About 3 percent of the
population reported using cocaine, and 3 percent used other types of
drugs (including heroin, hallucinogens, and inhalants) in the past year.
Persons in the 18 to 25 age group and those who had never been married
had higher rates of past year illicit drug use (about 30 percent) and
illicit drug dependence (about 6 percent) than other demographic groups.
Compared with those having health insurance, those with no coverage had
a higher rate of any illicit drug use. Residents in the Los Angeles and
Riverside/San Bernadino MSAs had lower rates of any past year drug use
than California residents who lived outside of the three largest MSAs.
Whereas the sample sizes in these two MSAs were sufficient to conduct
this analysis, most of the estimates for the Orange County MSA were
suppressed due to insufficient sample sizes and/or large standard
errors.

*Alcohol or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse, Perceived Treatment Need,
and Receipt of Substance Abuse Treatment*

As shown in Tables 7 and 8, almost 2 million adult Californians (7.9
percent) were dependent on or abused alcohol or illicit drugs in the
past year. Only 497,000 Californians (2.1 percent) received treatment
for an alcohol or illicit drug problem in the past year, and only
210,000 (0.9 percent) who did not receive treatment perceived a need for
treatment. An estimated 1.7 million Californians (6.8 percent) who were
classified with abuse of or dependence on alcohol or illicit drugs in
the past year did not receive treatment. Government assistance
recipients were the most likely of all sociodemographic groups to both
perceive a need for treatment and to receive it (2.7 and 5.5 percent,
respectively). The sociodemographic groups with the highest percentage
of residents who needed but did not receive treatment were those aged 18
to 25 (14.8 percent), followed by those who had never been married (12.3
percent) and those with no health insurance coverage (9.9 percent).

*Serious Mental Illness and Mental Health Treatment*

Tables 9 and 10 present the estimated numbers and percentages of adults
with SMI and of those who had received mental health treatment in the
State of California in 2001. An estimated 1.7 million adults (7.0
percent) met criteria for SMI in the past year. Among sociodemographic
groups, the prevalence rates of SMI were highest among women (10.2
percent); widowed, divorced, or separated individuals (13.0 percent);
those with family incomes of less than \$20,000 (11.6 percent);
government assistance recipients (13.9 percent); and those having
Medicaid/CHIP insurance coverage (13.3 percent).

Of the estimated 2.4 million residents (10.0 percent) who had received
some type of mental health treatment in the past year, 1.8 million (7.2
percent of the California adult population) received prescription
medications for their mental health problems. Those who had received
government assistance and/or Medicaid/CHIP coverage had the highest
rates of treatment receipt. Individuals who were 50 years of age or
older also were more likely to receive treatment than those in younger
age groups.

An estimated 962,000 California adult residents (4.0 percent) perceived
an unmet need for mental health treatment in 2001. Widowed, divorced, or
separated individuals were the most likely to perceive such an unmet
need for treatment, closely followed by those who had received
government assistance and those without health insurance. Women were
twice as likely as men to perceive an unmet need for treatment; whites
were twice as likely to perceive an unmet need for treatment as
nonwhites.

*Co-Occurring Serious Mental Illness and Substance Abuse/Dependence*

As shown in Tables 11 and 12, a total of 377,000 adult California
residents (1.5 percent) met criteria for both SMI and substance abuse or
dependence (i.e., co-occurring SMI and substance abuse or dependence) in
the past year. Among all sociodemographic groups, the highest rates of
co-occurring disorders were among the 18 to 25 year olds, those who had
received government assistance, those with less than a high school
education, and non-Hispanic blacks. Those who were never married or who
were widowed, divorced, or separated were significantly more likely to
have co-occurring disorders than those who were married.

Tables 11 and 12 also show the prevalence of treatment receipt for
substance abuse only, SMI only, and for both substance abuse and SMI. An
estimated 1.5 percent of the adult California population received
treatment for alcohol or drugs only; 2.6 percent received treatment for
SMI only; and 0.6 percent received both substance abuse and SMI
treatment. Those who had received government assistance and those with
Medicaid/CHIP coverage had the highest rates of receiving substance
abuse treatment only; those who had received government assistance and
those who were widowed, divorced, or separated had the highest rates of
receiving SMI treatment only; whereas noncollege graduates had the
highest rates of receiving both substance abuse and SMI treatment.

*Overall Serious Mental Illness or Substance Abuse/Dependence*

As shown in Tables 13 and 14, an estimated 3.3 million adult California
residents (13.4 percent) experienced either SMI or alcohol or illicit
drug abuse/dependence within the past year. However, only 4.7 percent of
California adults received any mental health or substance abuse
treatment. The highest prevalence rates of SMI or substance
abuse/dependence were among 18 to 25 year olds (22.9 percent), followed
by persons who had never been married (21.2 percent), and government
assistance recipients (20.5 percent). Those who were most likely to
receive any treatment for SMI or problems with alcohol or drugs were
those who had received government assistance or Medicaid/CHIP coverage
or were widowed, divorced, or separated. The highest prevalence rates of
perceived unmet need were for those with no insurance coverage (5.8
percent) and government assistance recipients (5.0 percent).

Table 15 shows the percent distributions of selected characteristics of
those with and without SMI or substance abuse/dependence. The first
column indicates significant differences in the demographic
distributions between those with and without SMI or alcohol or drug
dependence or abuse. Residents with SMI or substance abuse or dependence
were significantly younger than residents without SMI or substance abuse
or dependence. They also were significantly more likely to be white,
have family incomes of less than \$20,000, be unmarried, and receive
government assistance. Those with SMI or substance abuse or dependence
were significantly less likely to be college graduates or have private
insurance than residents without SMI or substance abuse or dependence.

California and the Nation as a Whole

This report provides population survey-based estimates of the prevalence
and treatment of substance use, abuse, and SMI among adults in the State
of California. Relative to adults aged 18 or older in the Nation as a
whole,^9^ Californians were somewhat less likely to smoke and had a
lower percentage of heavy alcohol users, although differences did not
reach statistical significance (see Figure 1). On the other hand, a
significantly larger percentage of adult Californians had used illicit
drugs in the past year compared with adults in the Nation as a whole.
Prevalence rates of reported dependence or abuse of any illicit drug or
alcohol and SMI in California were almost identical to those in the
Nation as a whole. The percentage of Californians who had received
treatment for drugs or alcohol was slightly higher than in the Nation,
but the percentage of Californians who had received mental health
treatment was slightly lower than in the Nation, although these
differences were not statistically significant.

This report has identified several findings that may be important for
State decisionmakers. Sociodemographic groups with the highest
prevalence rates of substance use and abuse in California that may be
targeted for further intervention and programmatic resource allocation
include persons who have never been married, young adults, those with
less than a college education, and those with no health insurance
coverage. Indeed, given the overlap between these classifications, these
characteristics may refer to the same group of high-risk individuals.
Receipt of government assistance may facilitate entry into substance
abuse treatment in this high-risk population. Sociodemographic groups
with the highest rates of and treatment for SMI were similar to those
with substance use and abuse. Significant differences found among the
largest MSAs were a lower rate of current pipe or cigar smoking in the
Los Angeles area, a lower rate of heavy alcohol use in Orange County,
and lower rates of illicit drug use in the Los Angeles and Riverside/San
Bernadino MSAs. Compared with the rest of California, Orange County had
a significantly lower rate of treatment receipt for alcohol or drug
problems, and Riverside/San Bernadino had a significantly lower rate of
respondents who needed treatment but not receive it. Further
investigation of county or MSA differences should control for
differences in their demographic distributions.

Figure 1. Substance Use, Substance Abuse and Dependence, and Serious
Mental Illness among Adults in California and the United States: 2001

> ![](media/image1.wmf){width="5.065277777777778in"
> height="3.379861111111111in"}Source: SAMSHA, Office of Applied
> Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2001.

Notes and References

1\. Wright, D. (2003). *State estimates of substance use from the 2001
National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Volume II. Individual state
tables and technical appendices* (DHHS Publication No. SMA 03-3826,
NHSDA Series H-20). Rockville MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. \[Available at
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/states.htm#Prevalence\]

2\. National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence of the San
Fernando Valley, Inc. (2003). *Profile on substance abuse in
California.* Retrieved December 11, 2003, from\
http://www.ncadd-sfv.org/profiles/ca_profile.html

3\. California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs, Division of
Administration, Budget Office. (2002, January). *Highlights of the
governor\'s budget: Fiscal year 2002-03.* Sacramento, CA: State of
California Health and Human Services Agency. \[Available as a 7-page
Word document download at
http://www.adp.cahwnet.gov/docs/governor_budget_highlights_02-03.doc\]

4\. National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors.
(2001, June 29). *Table 1: Expenditures reported for state supported
alcohol and other drug services by state and funding source for fiscal
year 1999.* Retrieved December 15, 2003, from
http://www.nasadad.org/Departments/Research/SADAP98&99/sadap99/99tble1.htm

5\. National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors.
(2001, June 29). *Table 6: Number of alcohol and other drug treatment
units that received funds administered by the state alcohol/drug agency
for fiscal year 1999.* Retrieved December 15, 2003, from
http://www.nasadad.org/Departments/Research/SADAP98&99/sadap99/99tble6.htm

6\. National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors.
(2001, June 29). *Table 8: Number of alcohol and other drug client
treatment admissions for fiscal year 1999.* Retrieved December 15, 2003,
from
http://www.nasadad.org/Departments/Research/SADAP98&99/sadap99/99tble8.htm

7\. Mayberg, S. (2003). *California\'s community mental health
performance outcome report, FY 2001-2002.* Sacramento, CA: California
Department of Mental Health.

8\. Tourangeau, R., & Smith, T. W. (1996). Asking sensitive questions:
The impact of data collection mode, question format, and question
context. *Public Opinion Quarterly, 60*, 275-304.

9\. The 2001 NHSDA data are in the following publication: Office of
Applied Studies. (2002). *Results from the 2001 National Household
Survey on Drug Abuse: Volume II. Technical appendices and selected data
tables* (DHHS Publication No. SMA 02-3759, NHSDA Series H-18).
Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
\[available at http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/p0000016.htm#standard\]. The
definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is from Appendix II,
Table E, \"Metropolitan Areas Outside of New England and Their
Components as of June 30, 1999,\" in the U.S. Bureau of the Census\'
*Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2000* (available at
http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/statab/app2.pdf).

10\. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). *Diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders* (DSM-IV, 4^th^ ed.). Washington,
DC: Author.

11\. The 2001 NHSDA CAI included a series of questions (the K6 scale)
designed to assess SMI. The development of the K6 scale was based on a
methodological study designed to evaluate several screening scales for
measuring SMI in the NHSDA. A description of this methodological study
is given elsewhere (see Section B.5, pp. 14-15, of the report referenced
in note 9). The K6 scale consisted of six questions asking respondents
how frequently they experienced symptoms of psychological distress
during the 1 month in the past year when they were at their worst
emotionally. The variable SMI_SUM is a score from 0 to 24 indicating the
level of SMI. For all respondents, this score was calculated by coding
from 0 to 4 the reported response category for each of six variables,
then summing these assigned values to yield a score between 0 and 24.
This involved transforming the reported response category for each of
the six questions so that \"all of the time\" was coded 4, \"most of the
time\" was coded 3, \"some of the time\" was coded 2, \"a little of the
time\" was coded 1, and \"none of the time,\" \"don\'t know,\"
\"refused,\" \"bad data,\" \"blank,\" and \"legitimate skips\" were
coded 0. The SMI score was calculated by summing these assigned values
across all six variables. Adults were classified as having a serious
mental illness (SMI=1) if their SMI score was 13 or greater (SMI_SUM \>=
13), and they were classified as not having a serious mental illness
(SMI=0) if their SMI score was less than 13 (SMI_SUM\<13).

12\. Research Triangle Institute. (2001). *SUDAAN user\'s manual:
Release 8.0*. Research Triangle Park, NC: Author.

Table 1 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) and Standard Errors of Past
Month Tobacco Use among Adults Aged 18 or Older in California, by
Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| **So           | **Cu  |        | **C    |       | **C    |       |
| ciodemographic | rrent |        | urrent |       | urrent |       |
| Cha            | Ciga  |        | Pipe   |       | Smo    |       |
| racteristics** | rette |        | or     |       | keless |       |
|                | Smo   |        | Cigar  |       | T      |       |
|                | ker** |        | Sm     |       | obacco |       |
|                |       |        | oker** |       | User** |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
|                | *     | **St   | **Est  | **Sta | **Est  | **Sta |
|                | *Esti | andard | imated | ndard | imated | ndard |
|                | mated | E      | Nu     | Er    | Nu     | Er    |
|                | Num   | rror** | mber** | ror** | mber** | ror** |
|                | ber** |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| Total          | 5,441 | 415    | 1,312  | 167   | 302    | 60    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| Age Group      |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > 18-25        | 1,171 | 66     | 313    | 40    | 87     | 25    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > 26-49        | 3,028 | 242    | 707    | 121   | 215    | 52    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > 50 or Older  | 1,242 | 220    | 293    | 91    | \*     | \*    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| Gender         |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Male         | 2,984 | 257    | 1,052  | 141   | 299    | 58    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Female       | 2,456 | 247    | 260    | 75    | 3      | 3     |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| Race/Ethnicity |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Non-Hispanic | 2,996 | 309    | 856    | 141   | 242    | 56    |
| > White        |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Non-Hispanic | \*    | \*     | 77     | 26    | \*     | \*    |
| > Black        |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Hispanic     | 1,411 | 154    | 302    | 81    | 34     | 22    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Other        | 587   | 82     | 77     | 29    | 26     | 17    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| Education      |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Less Than    | 1,172 | 114    | 250    | 67    | 24     | 18    |
| > High School  |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > High School  | 1,812 | 190    | 345    | 62    | 105    | 40    |
| > Graduate     |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Some College | 1,731 | 178    | 349    | 79    | 121    | 44    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > College      | 726   | 105    | 369    | 89    | 51     | 27    |
| > Graduate     |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| Marital Status |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Married      | 2,190 | 249    | 556    | 124   | 103    | 41    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Widowed or   | 1,222 | 154    | 197    | 65    | 62     | 36    |
| > Divorced or  |       |        |        |       |        |       |
| > Separated    |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Never        | 2,028 | 141    | 560    | 67    | 137    | 40    |
| > Married      |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| Family Income  |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Less Than    | 1,636 | 161    | 324    | 71    | 43     | 22    |
| > \$20,000     |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > \$2          | 2,226 | 206    | 465    | 88    | 88     | 30    |
| 0,000-\$49,999 |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > \$5          | 736   | 100    | 200    | 70    | 64     | 32    |
| 0,000-\$74,999 |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > \$75,000 or  | 843   | 127    | 323    | 88    | 107    | 46    |
| > More         |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| Government     |       |        |        |       |        |       |
| Assistance^1^  |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Yes          | 973   | 130    | 198    | 70    | 3      | 3     |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > No           | 4,468 | 366    | 1,115  | 149   | 299    | 59    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| Health         |       |        |        |       |        |       |
| Insurance      |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Me           | 814   | 106    | 190    | 57    | 5      | 4     |
| dicaid/CHIP^2^ |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Private      | 3,101 | 263    | 797    | 118   | 262    | 55    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Other        | 742   | 122    | 134    | 48    | 13     | 5     |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > No Coverage  | 1,135 | 118    | 259    | 55    | 34     | 19    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| MSAs^3^        |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Los Angeles  | 1,285 | 151    | 255    | 72    | \*     | \*    |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| >              | \*    | \*     | 198    | 49    | 95     | 17    |
|  Riverside-San |       |        |        |       |        |       |
| > Bernardino   |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Orange       | \*    | \*     | 98     | 28    | 27     | 18    |
| > County       |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
| > Remainder of | 3,038 | 319    | 762    | 132   | 180    | 51    |
| > California   |       |        |        |       |        |       |
+----------------+-------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

> Note: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
> analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually
> exclusive. \"Current\" refers to use in past month.

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 2 Percentages and Standard Errors of Past Month Tobacco Use among
Adults Aged 18 or Older in California, by Sociodemographic
Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **Sociodemographic | **Cu  |       | **Cu  |       | **Cu  |       |
| Characteristics**  | rrent |       | rrent |       | rrent |       |
|                    | Ciga  |       | Pipe  |       | Smok  |       |
|                    | rette |       | or    |       | eless |       |
|                    | Smo   |       | Cigar |       | To    |       |
|                    | ker** |       | Smo   |       | bacco |       |
|                    |       |       | ker** |       | U     |       |
|                    |       |       |       |       | ser** |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|                    | *     | **Sta | *     | **Sta | *     | **Sta |
|                    | *Perc | ndard | *Perc | ndard | *Perc | ndard |
|                    | ent** | Er    | ent** | Er    | ent** | Er    |
|                    |       | ror** |       | ror** |       | ror** |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Total              | 22.3  | 1.70  | 5.4   | 0.68  | 1.2   | 0.24  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Age Group          |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > 18-25            | 30.5  | 1.73  | 8.1   | 1.04  | 2.3   | 0.65  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > 26-49            | 24.6  | 1.96  | 5.7   | 0.98  | 1.7   | 0.42  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > 50 or Older      | 15.1  | 2.67  | 3.6   | 1.11  | \*    | \*    |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Gender             |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Male             | 25.0  | 2.15  | 8.8   | 1.18  | 2.5   | 0.49  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Female           | 19.7  | 1.98  | 2.1   | 0.60  | 0.0   | 0.02  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Race/Ethnicity     |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Non-Hispanic     | 23.6  | 2.44  | 6.8   | 1.11  | 1.9   | 0.44  |
| > White            |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Non-Hispanic     | \*    | \*    | 5.3   | 1.76  | \*    | \*    |
| > Black            |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Hispanic         | 20.0  | 2.19  | 4.3   | 1.15  | 0.5   | 0.31  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Other            | 18.2  | 2.53  | 2.4   | 0.89  | 0.8   | 0.52  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Education          |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Less Than High   | 24.4  | 2.37  | 5.2   | 1.39  | 0.5   | 0.37  |
| > School           |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > High School      | 28.8  | 3.01  | 5.5   | 0.99  | 1.7   | 0.64  |
| > Graduate         |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Some College     | 26.9  | 2.76  | 5.4   | 1.22  | 1.9   | 0.68  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > College Graduate | 10.6  | 1.52  | 5.4   | 1.30  | 0.7   | 0.39  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Marital Status     |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Married          | 16.1  | 1.83  | 4.1   | 0.91  | 0.8   | 0.30  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Widowed or       | 28.6  | 3.60  | 4.6   | 1.53  | 1.4   | 0.85  |
| > Divorced or      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| > Separated        |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Never Married    | 31.1  | 2.17  | 8.6   | 1.02  | 2.1   | 0.62  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Family Income      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Less Than        | 31.5  | 3.11  | 6.2   | 1.37  | 0.8   | 0.43  |
| > \$20,000         |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| >                  | 25.2  | 2.34  | 5.3   | 0.99  | 1.0   | 0.34  |
|  \$20,000-\$49,999 |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| >                  | 17.8  | 2.44  | 4.8   | 1.71  | 1.5   | 0.77  |
|  \$50,000-\$74,999 |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > \$75,000 or More | 13.5  | 2.03  | 5.2   | 1.41  | 1.7   | 0.74  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Government         |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Assistance^1^      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Yes              | 29.5  | 3.93  | 6.0   | 2.12  | 0.1   | 0.08  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > No               | 21.2  | 1.74  | 5.3   | 0.70  | 1.4   | 0.28  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Health Insurance   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Medicaid/CHIP^2^ | 33.9  | 4.41  | 7.9   | 2.36  | 0.2   | 0.16  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Private          | 19.0  | 1.61  | 4.9   | 0.72  | 1.6   | 0.34  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Other            | 16.3  | 2.67  | 2.9   | 1.05  | 0.3   | 0.11  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > No Coverage      | 29.7  | 3.09  | 6.8   | 1.45  | 0.9   | 0.49  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| MSAs^3^            |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Los Angeles      | 18.4  | 2.17  | 3.7   | 1.03  | \*    | \*    |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Riverside-San    | \*    | \*    | 7.7   | 1.92  | 3.7   | 0.67  |
| > Bernardino       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Orange County    | \*    | \*    | 6.1   | 1.75  | 1.7   | 1.10  |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > Remainder of     | 22.9  | 2.41  | 5.7   | 0.99  | 1.4   | 0.39  |
| > California       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+--------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

> Note: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
> analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually
> exclusive. \"Current\" refers to use in past month.

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 3 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) and Standard Errors of Alcohol
Use and Dependence or Abuse among Adults Aged 18 or Older in California,
by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 24%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Sociodemographic Characteristics</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Past Month Alcohol Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Past Month Binge Alcohol Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Alcohol<br />
Abuse</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Alcohol<br />
Dependence</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Total</td>
<td>12,752</td>
<td>295</td>
<td>4,771</td>
<td>266</td>
<td>1,124</td>
<td>143</td>
<td>692</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>740</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Age Group</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>18-25</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>2,142</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>1,310</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>345</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>279</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>223</td>
<td>33</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>26-49</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>6,456</td>
<td>209</td>
<td>2,485</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>627</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>305</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>422</td>
<td>71</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>50 or Older</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>4,153</td>
<td>224</td>
<td>977</td>
<td>139</td>
<td>152</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>95</td>
<td>47</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Gender</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Male</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>6,847</td>
<td>229</td>
<td>3,198</td>
<td>218</td>
<td>886</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>435</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>499</td>
<td>85</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Female</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>5,905</td>
<td>222</td>
<td>1,574</td>
<td>131</td>
<td>238</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>257</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>241</td>
<td>60</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Race/Ethnicity</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Non-Hispanic White</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>7,896</td>
<td>248</td>
<td>2,492</td>
<td>197</td>
<td>704</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>407</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>455</td>
<td>80</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Non-Hispanic Black</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>607</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Hispanic</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>3,046</td>
<td>162</td>
<td>1,572</td>
<td>146</td>
<td>311</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>168</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>196</td>
<td>52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Other</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,203</td>
<td>121</td>
<td>413</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>22</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Education</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Less Than High School</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,616</td>
<td>121</td>
<td>1,001</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>261</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>152</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>177</td>
<td>52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>High School Graduate</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>3,104</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>1,604</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>328</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>175</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>240</td>
<td>53</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Some College</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>3,669</td>
<td>148</td>
<td>1,315</td>
<td>131</td>
<td>344</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>195</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>171</td>
<td>47</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>College Graduate</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>4,363</td>
<td>188</td>
<td>851</td>
<td>118</td>
<td>191</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>152</td>
<td>40</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Marital Status</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Married</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>6,751</td>
<td>238</td>
<td>1,870</td>
<td>176</td>
<td>445</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>204</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>251</td>
<td>60</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Widowed or Divorced or Separated</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>2,303</td>
<td>148</td>
<td>859</td>
<td>118</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>147</td>
<td>58</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Never Married</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>3,698</td>
<td>122</td>
<td>2,042</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>479</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>363</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>343</td>
<td>71</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Family Income</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Less Than $20,000</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,987</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>1,157</td>
<td>115</td>
<td>317</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>186</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>124</td>
<td>29</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$20,000-$49,999</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>4,201</td>
<td>204</td>
<td>1,883</td>
<td>149</td>
<td>435</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>236</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>371</td>
<td>76</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$50,000-$74,999</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>2,459</td>
<td>142</td>
<td>762</td>
<td>112</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>122</td>
<td>27</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$75,000 or More</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>4,106</td>
<td>164</td>
<td>970</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>268</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>214</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>36</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Government Assistance<sup>1</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Yes</td>
<td>1,409</td>
<td>107</td>
<td>526</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>121</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>137</td>
<td>52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>No</td>
<td>11,343</td>
<td>306</td>
<td>4,245</td>
<td>271</td>
<td>995</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>572</td>
<td>85</td>
<td>603</td>
<td>88</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Health Insurance</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Medicaid/CHIP<sup>2</sup></td>
<td>703</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>355</td>
<td>56</td>
<td>121</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>53</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>27</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Private</td>
<td>9,472</td>
<td>309</td>
<td>3,162</td>
<td>227</td>
<td>748</td>
<td>114</td>
<td>438</td>
<td>71</td>
<td>482</td>
<td>78</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Other</td>
<td>1,889</td>
<td>186</td>
<td>502</td>
<td>105</td>
<td>132</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>40</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>No Coverage</td>
<td>1,674</td>
<td>112</td>
<td>977</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>230</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>193</td>
<td>58</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MSAs<sup>3</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Los Angeles</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>3,562</td>
<td>193</td>
<td>1,292</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>255</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>229</td>
<td>49</td>
<td>180</td>
<td>48</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Riverside-San Bernardino</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,269</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>560</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>30</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Orange County</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>796</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>289</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Remainder of California</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>7,124</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>2,631</td>
<td>193</td>
<td>708</td>
<td>124</td>
<td>335</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>441</td>
<td>70</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

> Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
> analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually
> exclusive.

Note 2: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on
the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. For this
variable, \"occasion\" means at the same time or within a couple hours
of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more
drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30
days. All heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Alcohol
dependence or abuse were defined based on the dependence criteria listed
in the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,* 4^th^
ed. (DSM-IV).

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 4 Percentages and Standard Errors of Alcohol Use and Dependence or
Abuse among Adults Aged 18 or Older in California, by Sociodemographic
Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 24%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Sociodemographic Characteristics</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Past Month Alcohol Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Past Month Binge Alcohol Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Alcohol<br />
Abuse</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Alcohol<br />
Dependence</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Total</td>
<td>52.3</td>
<td>1.21</td>
<td>19.6</td>
<td>1.09</td>
<td>4.6</td>
<td>0.59</td>
<td>2.8</td>
<td>0.35</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>0.39</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Age Group</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>18-25</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>55.8</td>
<td>1.62</td>
<td>34.1</td>
<td>1.71</td>
<td>9.0</td>
<td>1.13</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>0.99</td>
<td>5.8</td>
<td>0.86</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>26-49</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>52.4</td>
<td>1.69</td>
<td>20.2</td>
<td>1.62</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>0.87</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>0.51</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>0.58</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>50 or Older</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>50.4</td>
<td>2.72</td>
<td>11.9</td>
<td>1.69</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.90</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>0.66</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.58</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Gender</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Male</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>57.3</td>
<td>1.92</td>
<td>26.8</td>
<td>1.82</td>
<td>7.4</td>
<td>1.07</td>
<td>3.6</td>
<td>0.53</td>
<td>4.2</td>
<td>0.71</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Female</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>47.4</td>
<td>1.78</td>
<td>12.6</td>
<td>1.06</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>0.42</td>
<td>2.1</td>
<td>0.48</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>0.48</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Race/Ethnicity</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Non-Hispanic White</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>62.3</td>
<td>1.95</td>
<td>19.7</td>
<td>1.55</td>
<td>5.6</td>
<td>0.85</td>
<td>3.2</td>
<td>0.58</td>
<td>3.6</td>
<td>0.63</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Non-Hispanic Black</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>41.8</td>
<td>5.27</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>1.16</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>1.98</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.67</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Hispanic</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>43.2</td>
<td>2.30</td>
<td>22.3</td>
<td>2.07</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>0.93</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>0.43</td>
<td>2.8</td>
<td>0.73</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Other</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>37.2</td>
<td>3.73</td>
<td>12.8</td>
<td>1.94</td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td>0.78</td>
<td>1.6</td>
<td>0.65</td>
<td>2.1</td>
<td>0.68</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Education</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Less Than High School</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>33.7</td>
<td>2.53</td>
<td>20.9</td>
<td>2.39</td>
<td>5.4</td>
<td>1.56</td>
<td>3.2</td>
<td>0.99</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>1.09</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>High School Graduate</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>49.3</td>
<td>2.70</td>
<td>25.5</td>
<td>2.05</td>
<td>5.2</td>
<td>0.96</td>
<td>2.8</td>
<td>0.63</td>
<td>3.8</td>
<td>0.85</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Some College</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>57.0</td>
<td>2.30</td>
<td>20.4</td>
<td>2.04</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td>1.22</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>0.83</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.74</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>College Graduate</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>63.5</td>
<td>2.74</td>
<td>12.4</td>
<td>1.72</td>
<td>2.8</td>
<td>0.79</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>0.62</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>0.58</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Marital Status</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Married</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>49.6</td>
<td>1.75</td>
<td>13.7</td>
<td>1.29</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>0.66</td>
<td>1.5</td>
<td>0.43</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.44</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Widowed or Divorced or Separated</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>53.8</td>
<td>3.45</td>
<td>20.1</td>
<td>2.75</td>
<td>4.7</td>
<td>1.41</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>1.09</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>1.36</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Never Married</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>56.7</td>
<td>1.87</td>
<td>31.3</td>
<td>1.97</td>
<td>7.4</td>
<td>1.16</td>
<td>5.6</td>
<td>0.83</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td>1.08</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Family Income</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Less Than $20,000</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>38.3</td>
<td>2.36</td>
<td>22.3</td>
<td>2.22</td>
<td>6.1</td>
<td>1.25</td>
<td>3.6</td>
<td>0.88</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>0.55</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$20,000-$49,999</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>47.6</td>
<td>2.31</td>
<td>21.3</td>
<td>1.69</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td>0.90</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.58</td>
<td>4.2</td>
<td>0.86</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$50,000-$74,999</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>59.6</td>
<td>3.43</td>
<td>18.5</td>
<td>2.72</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>0.94</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.44</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>0.66</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$75,000 or More</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>65.6</td>
<td>2.63</td>
<td>15.5</td>
<td>1.56</td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>1.02</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>0.83</td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td>0.57</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Government Assistance<sup>1</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Yes</td>
<td>42.6</td>
<td>3.24</td>
<td>15.9</td>
<td>2.53</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>1.41</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>1.23</td>
<td>4.1</td>
<td>1.56</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>No</td>
<td>53.8</td>
<td>1.45</td>
<td>20.1</td>
<td>1.28</td>
<td>4.7</td>
<td>0.61</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.40</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.42</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Health Insurance</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Medicaid/CHIP<sup>2</sup></td>
<td>29.2</td>
<td>3.12</td>
<td>14.7</td>
<td>2.31</td>
<td>5.0</td>
<td>2.39</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>0.85</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>1.11</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Private</td>
<td>58.1</td>
<td>1.90</td>
<td>19.4</td>
<td>1.39</td>
<td>4.6</td>
<td>0.70</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.43</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>0.48</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Other</td>
<td>41.4</td>
<td>4.08</td>
<td>11.0</td>
<td>2.29</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>1.42</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>0.96</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>0.88</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>No Coverage</td>
<td>43.9</td>
<td>2.93</td>
<td>25.6</td>
<td>2.86</td>
<td>6.0</td>
<td>1.61</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>0.80</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>1.51</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MSAs<sup>3</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Los Angeles</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>51.1</td>
<td>2.77</td>
<td>18.5</td>
<td>1.83</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.90</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>0.71</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>0.69</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Riverside-San Bernardino</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>49.6</td>
<td>3.20</td>
<td>21.9</td>
<td>4.24</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>1.70</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>0.57</td>
<td>2.1</td>
<td>1.19</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Orange County</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>49.3</td>
<td>5.31</td>
<td>17.9</td>
<td>4.47</td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td>0.62</td>
<td>3.2</td>
<td>1.91</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Remainder of California</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>53.7</td>
<td>1.55</td>
<td>19.8</td>
<td>1.46</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td>0.93</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>0.44</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>0.53</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

> Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
> analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually
> exclusive.

Note 2: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on
the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. For this
variable, \"occasion\" means at the same time or within a couple hours
of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more
drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30
days. All heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Alcohol
dependence or abuse were defined based on the dependence criteria listed
in the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,* 4^th^
ed. (DSM-IV).

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 5 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) and Standard Errors of Past
Year Illicit Drug Use and Dependence or Abuse among Adults Aged 18 or\
Older in California, by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Any Illicit Drug Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Marijuana/Hashish Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Cocaine Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Nonmedical Use of Prescription-Type
Psychotherapeutic</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Other Illicit Drug Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Illicit Drug Dependence</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Illicit Drug Abuse</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Sociodemographic Characteristics</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Total</td>
<td>3,437</td>
<td>255</td>
<td>2,468</td>
<td>211</td>
<td>664</td>
<td>105</td>
<td>1,559</td>
<td>200</td>
<td>738</td>
<td>97</td>
<td>654</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>188</td>
<td>41</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Age Group</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>18-25</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,161</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>977</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>250</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>459</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>429</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>234</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>101</td>
<td>20</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>26-49</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,925</td>
<td>197</td>
<td>1,293</td>
<td>157</td>
<td>353</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>894</td>
<td>164</td>
<td>278</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>359</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>33</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>50 or Older</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>351</td>
<td>101</td>
<td>198</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>206</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Gender</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Male</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>2,052</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>1,482</td>
<td>147</td>
<td>466</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>866</td>
<td>118</td>
<td>509</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>436</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>153</td>
<td>35</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Female</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,385</td>
<td>169</td>
<td>986</td>
<td>117</td>
<td>197</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>692</td>
<td>146</td>
<td>228</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>217</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>17</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Race/Ethnicity</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Non-Hispanic White</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>2,295</td>
<td>186</td>
<td>1,706</td>
<td>165</td>
<td>463</td>
<td>99</td>
<td>1,088</td>
<td>147</td>
<td>468</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>445</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>32</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Non-Hispanic Black</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>177</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>149</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>18</td>
<td>27</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Hispanic</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>682</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>455</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>156</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>268</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>181</td>
<td>44</td>
<td>156</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>22</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Other</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>282</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>158</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>149</td>
<td>51</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Education</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Less Than High School</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>619</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>401</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>134</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>367</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>70</td>
<td>31</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>High School Graduate</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,124</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>854</td>
<td>110</td>
<td>343</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>471</td>
<td>94</td>
<td>295</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>333</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Some College</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>872</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>641</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>21</td>
<td>342</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>167</td>
<td>29</td>
<td>102</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>College Graduate</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>821</td>
<td>141</td>
<td>572</td>
<td>130</td>
<td>113</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>379</td>
<td>83</td>
<td>187</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>96</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Marital Status</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Married</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,035</td>
<td>165</td>
<td>721</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>166</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>387</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>179</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>20</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Widowed or Divorced or Separated</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>477</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>298</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>274</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>45</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Never Married</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,925</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>1,449</td>
<td>128</td>
<td>420</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>898</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>589</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>411</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>124</td>
<td>34</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Family Income</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Less Than $20,000</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>901</td>
<td>116</td>
<td>580</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>189</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>475</td>
<td>103</td>
<td>151</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>184</td>
<td>48</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>21</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$20,000-$49,999</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>1,321</td>
<td>137</td>
<td>1,011</td>
<td>129</td>
<td>288</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>482</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>304</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>323</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>33</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$50,000-$74,999</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>513</td>
<td>76</td>
<td>379</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>59</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>257</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>73</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$75,000 or More</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>702</td>
<td>86</td>
<td>498</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>345</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>175</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 18%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="15"><strong>Table 5 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) and
Standard Errors of Past Year Illicit Drug Use and Dependence or Abuse
among Adults Aged 18 or<br />
Older in California, by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA
(continued)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Any Illicit Drug Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Marijuana/Hashish Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Cocaine Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Nonmedical Use of Prescription-Type
Psychotherapeutic</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Other Illicit Drug Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Illicit Drug Dependence</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Illicit Drug Abuse</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Sociodemographic Characteristics</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><em><strong>n</strong></em></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Government Assistance<sup>1</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Yes</td>
<td>498</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>313</td>
<td>63</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>31</td>
<td>241</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>89</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>17</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>No</td>
<td>2,939</td>
<td>218</td>
<td>2,155</td>
<td>189</td>
<td>574</td>
<td>98</td>
<td>1,317</td>
<td>164</td>
<td>648</td>
<td>92</td>
<td>554</td>
<td>94</td>
<td>158</td>
<td>36</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Health Insurance</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Medicaid/CHIP<sup>2</sup></td>
<td>380</td>
<td>61</td>
<td>273</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>174</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>66</td>
<td>22</td>
<td>84</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>17</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Private</td>
<td>2,126</td>
<td>199</td>
<td>1,552</td>
<td>170</td>
<td>439</td>
<td>88</td>
<td>928</td>
<td>136</td>
<td>465</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>421</td>
<td>87</td>
<td>75</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Other</td>
<td>307</td>
<td>79</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>23</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>68</td>
<td>67</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>No Coverage</td>
<td>823</td>
<td>109</td>
<td>559</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>162</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>411</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>190</td>
<td>39</td>
<td>146</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>80</td>
<td>35</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>MSAs<sup>3</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Los Angeles</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>718</td>
<td>120</td>
<td>523</td>
<td>99</td>
<td>184</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>288</td>
<td>65</td>
<td>166</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>172</td>
<td>57</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>31</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Riverside-San Bernardino</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>282</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>222</td>
<td>58</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>118</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>77</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>62</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Orange County</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Remainder of California</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>2,244</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>1,596</td>
<td>163</td>
<td>373</td>
<td>74</td>
<td>1,023</td>
<td>167</td>
<td>478</td>
<td>81</td>
<td>382</td>
<td>69</td>
<td>123</td>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

> Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
> analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually
> exclusive.

Note 2: Any use indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish,
cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens (including LSD and
PCP), inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used
nonmedically. Reference level is the past 12 months. Prescription-type
psychotherapeutic includes pain relievers, sedatives, stimulants, and
tranquilizers. Other includes heroin, hallucinogens (including LSD and
PCP), and inhalants, regardless of marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including
crack), and prescription-type psychotherapeutic use; other users who
also have used any of the other listed drugs are included. Dependence or
abuse was defined based on the dependence criteria listed in the
*Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders*, 4^th^ ed.
(DSM-IV).

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 6 Percentages and Standard Errors of Past Year Illicit Drug Use
and Dependence or Abuse among Adults Aged 18 or Older in California, by
Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Any Illicit Drug Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><p><strong>Marijuana/</strong></p>
<p><strong>Hashish Use</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Cocaine Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Nonmedical Use of Prescription-Type
Psychotherapeutic</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Other Illicit Drug Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Illicit Drug Dependence</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Illicit Drug Abuse</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Sociodemographic Characteristics</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Total</td>
<td>14.1</td>
<td>1.05</td>
<td>10.1</td>
<td>0.86</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.43</td>
<td>6.4</td>
<td>0.82</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>0.40</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.40</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>0.17</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Age Group</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>18-25</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>30.2</td>
<td>1.96</td>
<td>25.4</td>
<td>2.03</td>
<td>6.5</td>
<td>0.94</td>
<td>11.9</td>
<td>1.22</td>
<td>11.2</td>
<td>1.34</td>
<td>6.1</td>
<td>0.96</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>0.52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>26-49</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>15.6</td>
<td>1.60</td>
<td>10.5</td>
<td>1.27</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.70</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>1.33</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>0.56</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.68</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.27</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>50 or Older</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>1.23</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>0.91</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.52</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>0.95</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.52</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Gender</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Male</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>17.2</td>
<td>1.42</td>
<td>12.4</td>
<td>1.23</td>
<td>3.9</td>
<td>0.76</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>0.99</td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>0.63</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.65</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>0.29</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Female</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>11.1</td>
<td>1.36</td>
<td>7.9</td>
<td>0.94</td>
<td>1.6</td>
<td>0.37</td>
<td>5.6</td>
<td>1.17</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.33</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>0.38</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>0.14</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Race/Ethnicity</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Non-Hispanic White</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>18.1</td>
<td>1.47</td>
<td>13.5</td>
<td>1.30</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.78</td>
<td>8.6</td>
<td>1.16</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.59</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>0.71</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.25</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Non-Hispanic Black</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>12.2</td>
<td>2.61</td>
<td>10.2</td>
<td>2.45</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>1.49</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>1.22</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.75</td>
<td>2.1</td>
<td>0.99</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>0.61</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Hispanic</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>9.7</td>
<td>1.31</td>
<td>6.5</td>
<td>0.92</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>0.57</td>
<td>3.8</td>
<td>0.78</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>0.63</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>0.31</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Other</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>8.7</td>
<td>1.82</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td>1.14</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>4.6</td>
<td>1.56</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>0.65</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>0.9</td>
<td>0.60</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Education</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Less Than High School</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>12.9</td>
<td>1.65</td>
<td>8.4</td>
<td>1.32</td>
<td>2.8</td>
<td>0.50</td>
<td>7.7</td>
<td>1.58</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.49</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>0.69</td>
<td>1.5</td>
<td>0.66</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>High School Graduate</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>17.8</td>
<td>1.95</td>
<td>13.6</td>
<td>1.75</td>
<td>5.4</td>
<td>1.19</td>
<td>7.5</td>
<td>1.50</td>
<td>4.7</td>
<td>0.91</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td>1.19</td>
<td>0.6</td>
<td>0.31</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Some College</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>13.6</td>
<td>1.37</td>
<td>10.0</td>
<td>1.25</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.32</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td>0.93</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>0.46</td>
<td>1.6</td>
<td>0.47</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>0.14</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>College Graduate</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>11.9</td>
<td>2.05</td>
<td>8.3</td>
<td>1.89</td>
<td>1.6</td>
<td>0.70</td>
<td>5.5</td>
<td>1.21</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.85</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.58</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.18</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Marital Status</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Married</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>7.6</td>
<td>1.22</td>
<td>5.3</td>
<td>0.93</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.43</td>
<td>2.8</td>
<td>0.73</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>0.26</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>0.49</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.15</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Widowed or Divorced or Separated</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>11.1</td>
<td>2.44</td>
<td>7.0</td>
<td>1.62</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.90</td>
<td>6.4</td>
<td>2.02</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>0.78</td>
<td>1.5</td>
<td>0.90</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>0.53</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Never Married</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>29.5</td>
<td>1.98</td>
<td>22.2</td>
<td>1.96</td>
<td>6.4</td>
<td>1.04</td>
<td>13.8</td>
<td>1.60</td>
<td>9.0</td>
<td>1.19</td>
<td>6.3</td>
<td>1.05</td>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>0.52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Family Income</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Less Than $20,000</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>17.4</td>
<td>2.23</td>
<td>11.2</td>
<td>1.51</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.89</td>
<td>9.2</td>
<td>1.98</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.57</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>0.92</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$20,000-$49,999</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>15.0</td>
<td>1.56</td>
<td>11.5</td>
<td>1.46</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>0.73</td>
<td>5.5</td>
<td>0.95</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>0.67</td>
<td>3.7</td>
<td>0.84</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.38</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$50,000-$74,999</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>12.4</td>
<td>1.84</td>
<td>9.2</td>
<td>1.58</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>6.2</td>
<td>1.40</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>0.83</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.72</td>
<td>0.6</td>
<td>0.33</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>$75,000 or More</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>11.2</td>
<td>1.38</td>
<td>8.0</td>
<td>1.10</td>
<td>2.0</td>
<td>0.65</td>
<td>5.5</td>
<td>1.11</td>
<td>2.8</td>
<td>0.82</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.38</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.22</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 16%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 2%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="17"><blockquote>
<p><strong>Table 6 Percentages and Standard Errors of Past Year Illicit
Drug Use and Dependence or Abuse among Adults Aged 18 or Older in
California, by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA
(continued)</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Any Illicit Drug Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Marijuana/<br />
Hashish Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Cocaine Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Nonmedical Use of Prescription-Type
Psychotherapeutic</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Other Illicit Drug Use</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Illicit Drug Dependence</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>Illicit Drug Abuse</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Sociodemographic Characteristics</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td><strong>Percent</strong></td>
<td><strong>SE</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>Government Assistance<sup>1</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>15.1</td>
<td>2.54</td>
<td>9.5</td>
<td>1.89</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.93</td>
<td>7.3</td>
<td>1.75</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.76</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>1.15</td>
<td>0.9</td>
<td>0.52</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>No</td>
<td>13.9</td>
<td>1.04</td>
<td>10.2</td>
<td>0.89</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.47</td>
<td>6.2</td>
<td>0.78</td>
<td>3.1</td>
<td>0.43</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>0.44</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td>Health Insurance</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>Medicaid/CHIP<sup>2</sup></td>
<td>15.8</td>
<td>2.55</td>
<td>11.3</td>
<td>2.37</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>1.32</td>
<td>7.2</td>
<td>2.08</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.89</td>
<td>3.5</td>
<td>1.59</td>
<td>1.4</td>
<td>0.69</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td>Private</td>
<td>13.0</td>
<td>1.22</td>
<td>9.5</td>
<td>1.04</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>5.7</td>
<td>0.83</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.47</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>Other</td>
<td>6.7</td>
<td>1.74</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>1.03</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.21</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>1.48</td>
<td>1.5</td>
<td>0.42</td>
<td>0.4</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td>No Coverage</td>
<td>21.6</td>
<td>2.85</td>
<td>14.6</td>
<td>2.16</td>
<td>4.2</td>
<td>1.03</td>
<td>10.8</td>
<td>2.16</td>
<td>5.0</td>
<td>1.01</td>
<td>3.8</td>
<td>1.06</td>
<td>2.1</td>
<td>0.92</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td>MSAs<sup>3</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Los Angeles</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>10.3</td>
<td>1.73</td>
<td>7.5</td>
<td>1.42</td>
<td>2.6</td>
<td>0.79</td>
<td>4.1</td>
<td>0.93</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>0.62</td>
<td>2.5</td>
<td>0.81</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Riverside-San Bernardino</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>11.0</td>
<td>1.83</td>
<td>8.7</td>
<td>2.27</td>
<td>2.3</td>
<td>1.30</td>
<td>4.6</td>
<td>1.37</td>
<td>3.0</td>
<td>1.33</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>1.18</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Orange County</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>0.52</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td>*</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Remainder of California</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>16.9</td>
<td>1.55</td>
<td>12.0</td>
<td>1.23</td>
<td>2.8</td>
<td>0.56</td>
<td>7.7</td>
<td>1.26</td>
<td>3.6</td>
<td>0.61</td>
<td>2.9</td>
<td>0.52</td>
<td>0.9</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

> \*Low precision; no estimate reported.
>
> Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
> analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually
> exclusive.
>
> Note 2: Any use indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish,
> cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens (including LSD and
> PCP), inhalants, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used
> nonmedically. Reference level is the past 12 months. Prescription-type
> psychotherapeutic includes pain relievers, sedatives, stimulants, and
> tranquilizers. Other includes heroin, hallucinogens (including LSD and
> PCP), and inhalants, regardless of marijuana/hashish, cocaine
> (including crack), and prescription-type psychotherapeutic use; other
> users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.
> Dependence or abuse was defined based on the dependence criteria
> listed in the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders*,
> 4^th^ ed. (DSM-IV).
>
> ^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
> received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or
> noncash assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or
> the family received food stamps in the past year.
>
> ^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.
>
> ^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
> the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 7 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) and Standard Errors of Alcohol
or Illicit Drug Dependence or Abuse and Treatment Need and Receipt for
Alcohol or Illicit Drugs in the Past Year among Adults Aged 18 or Older
in California, by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| **Soc         | *    |     | **P  |     | **   |     | **Ne |     |
| iodemographic | *Alc |     | erce |     | Rece |     | eded |     |
| Char          | ohol |     | ived |     | ived |     | Tr   |     |
| acteristics** | or   |     | Need |     | T    |     | eatm |     |
|               | Ill  |     | for  |     | reat |     | ent, |     |
|               | icit |     | Tr   |     | ment |     | but  |     |
|               | Drug |     | eatm |     | for  |     | Not  |     |
|               | De   |     | ent, |     | Alc  |     | Re   |     |
|               | pend |     | but  |     | ohol |     | ceiv |     |
|               | ence |     | Not  |     | or   |     | ed** |     |
|               | or   |     | Re   |     | Ill  |     |      |     |
|               | Abu  |     | ceiv |     | icit |     |      |     |
|               | se** |     | ed** |     | Dru  |     |      |     |
|               |      |     |      |     | gs** |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
|               | **E  | *   | **E  | *   | **E  | *   | **E  | *   |
|               | stim | *St | stim | *St | stim | *St | stim | *St |
|               | ated | and | ated | and | ated | and | ated | and |
|               | Numb | ard | Numb | ard | Numb | ard | Numb | ard |
|               | er** | E   | er** | E   | er** | E   | er** | E   |
|               |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |
|               |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Total         | 1    | 149 | 210  | 62  | 497  | 128 | 1    | 145 |
|               | ,922 |     |      |     |      |     | ,667 |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Age Group     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 18-25       | 662  | 53  | 37   | 10  | 105  | 21  | 569  | 48  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 26-49       | 997  | 110 | 143  | 53  | 326  | 96  | 834  | 112 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 50 or Older | 264  | 81  | \*   | \*  | 66   | 48  | 264  | 81  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Gender        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Male        | 1    | 117 | 85   | 41  | 233  | 63  | 1    | 113 |
|               | ,296 |     |      |     |      |     | ,118 |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Female      | 626  | 83  | 125  | 47  | 264  | 105 | 549  | 84  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| R             |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| ace/Ethnicity |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 1    | 132 | 142  | 53  | 321  | 87  | 1    | 127 |
|  Non-Hispanic | ,202 |     |      |     |      |     | ,046 |     |
| > White       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 95   | 31  | \*   | \*  | 29   | 18  | 92   | 31  |
|  Non-Hispanic |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > Black       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Hispanic    | 477  | 79  | 28   | 20  | 107  | 47  | 400  | 67  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 148  | 31  | 2    | 2   | \*   | \*  | 129  | 30  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Education     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 426  | 62  | 65   | 31  | 144  | 54  | 354  | 56  |
| > High School |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > High School | 620  | 93  | 43   | 25  | 181  | 68  | 515  | 86  |
| > Graduate    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Some        | 470  | 72  | 57   | 36  | 95   | 40  | 414  | 70  |
| > College     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > College     | 407  | 71  | 46   | 31  | 76   | 37  | 384  | 67  |
| > Graduate    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Marital       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Status        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Married     | 591  | 106 | 70   | 42  | 99   | 38  | 548  | 103 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Widowed or  | 353  | 81  | 54   | 32  | 113  | 47  | 317  | 80  |
| > Divorced or |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > Separated   |      |     |      |     |      |     | 7    |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Never       | 979  | 104 | 87   | 34  | 285  | 79  | 802  | 93  |
| > Married     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Family Income |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 471  | 64  | 44   | 27  | 226  | 98  | 413  | 63  |
| > \$20,000    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$20        | 823  | 109 | 97   | 42  | 196  | 65  | 687  | 105 |
| ,000-\$49,999 |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$50        | 220  | 41  | 30   | 25  | 50   | 28  | 183  | 46  |
| ,000-\$74,999 |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$75,000 or | 408  | 65  | 40   | 25  | 24   | 8   | 384  | 64  |
| > More        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Government    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Assistance^1^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Yes         | 335  | 65  | 89   | 46  | 178  | 60  | 273  | 68  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No          | 1    | 148 | 121  | 41  | 319  | 90  | 1    | 138 |
|               | ,587 |     |      |     |      |     | ,394 |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Health        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Insurance     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Med         | 190  | 37  | \*   | \*  | 100  | 41  | 150  | 44  |
| icaid/CHIP^2^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Private     | 1    | 130 | 67   | 32  | 211  | 59  | 1    | 126 |
|               | ,210 |     |      |     |      |     | ,048 |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 175  | 58  | \*   | \*  | 119  | 70  | 169  | 57  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No Coverage | 431  | 85  | 95   | 38  | 98   | 43  | 377  | 73  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| MSAs^3^       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Los Angeles | 501  | 78  | 37   | 27  | 96   | 49  | 430  | 62  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 148  | 29  | \*   | \*  | 48   | 30  | 121  | 26  |
| Riverside-San |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > Bernardino  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Orange      | \*   | \*  | \*   | \*  | 4    | 4   | \*   | \*  |
| > County      |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Remainder   | 1    | 108 | 95   | 33  | 349  | 113 | 952  | 110 |
| > of          | ,107 |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > California  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually exclusive.

Note 2: Alcohol or illicit drug dependence or abuse was defined based on
the dependence criteria listed in the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders*, 4^th^ ed. (DSM-IV). \"Needed Treatment, but Not
Received\" refers to respondents classified as alcohol or drug dependent
or abusers who have not received any treatment for an alcohol or illicit
drug problem. Illicit drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine
(including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, or
prescription-type psychotherapeutic (nonmedical use).

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 8 Percentages and Standard Errors of Alcohol or Illicit Drug
Dependence or Abuse and Treatment Need and Receipt for Alcohol or
Illicit Drugs in the Past Year among Adults Aged 18 or Older in
California, by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| **Soc         | *    |     | **P  |     | **   |     | **Ne |     |
| iodemographic | *Alc |     | erce |     | Rece |     | eded |     |
| Char          | ohol |     | ived |     | ived |     | Tr   |     |
| acteristics** | or   |     | Need |     | T    |     | eatm |     |
|               | Ill  |     | for  |     | reat |     | ent, |     |
|               | icit |     | Tr   |     | ment |     | but  |     |
|               | Drug |     | eatm |     | for  |     | Not  |     |
|               | De   |     | ent, |     | Alc  |     | Re   |     |
|               | pend |     | but  |     | ohol |     | ceiv |     |
|               | ence |     | Not  |     | or   |     | ed** |     |
|               | or   |     | Re   |     | Ill  |     |      |     |
|               | Abu  |     | ceiv |     | icit |     |      |     |
|               | se** |     | ed** |     | Dru  |     |      |     |
|               |      |     |      |     | gs** |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
|               | **P  | *   | **P  | *   | **P  | *   | **P  | *   |
|               | erce | *St | erce | *St | erce | *St | erce | *St |
|               | nt** | and | nt** | and | nt** | and | nt** | and |
|               |      | ard |      | ard |      | ard |      | ard |
|               |      | E   |      | E   |      | E   |      | E   |
|               |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |
|               |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Total         | 7.9  | 0   | 0.9  | 0   | 2.1  | 0   | 6.8  | 0   |
|               |      | .61 |      | .25 |      | .53 |      | .59 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Age Group     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 18-25       | 17.2 | 1   | 1.0  | 0   | 2.7  | 0   | 14.8 | 1   |
|               |      | .39 |      | .27 |      | .54 |      | .26 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 26-49       | 8.1  | 0   | 1.2  | 0   | 2.7  | 0   | 6.8  | 0   |
|               |      | .90 |      | .43 |      | .78 |      | .91 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 50 or Older | 3.2  | 0   | \*   | \*  | 0.8  | 0   | 3.2  | 0   |
|               |      | .99 |      |     |      | .60 |      | .99 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Gender        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Male        | 10.8 | 0   | 0.7  | 0   | 2.0  | 0   | 9.4  | 0   |
|               |      | .98 |      | .35 |      | .53 |      | .95 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Female      | 5.0  | 0   | 1.0  | 0   | 2.1  | 0   | 4.4  | 0   |
|               |      | .66 |      | .38 |      | .84 |      | .68 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| R             |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| ace/Ethnicity |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 9.5  | 1   | 1.1  | 0   | 2.5  | 0   | 8.3  | 1   |
|  Non-Hispanic |      | .04 |      | .42 |      | .69 |      | .00 |
| > White       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 6.6  | 2   | \*   | \*  | 2.0  | 1   | 6.3  | 2   |
|  Non-Hispanic |      | .13 |      |     |      | .24 |      | .12 |
| > Black       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Hispanic    | 6.8  | 1   | 0.4  | 0   | 1.5  | 0   | 5.7  | 0   |
|               |      | .12 |      | .29 |      | .67 |      | .95 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 4.6  | 0   | 0.1  | 0   | \*   | \*  | 4.0  | 0   |
|               |      | .96 |      | .06 |      |     |      | .92 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Education     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 8.9  | 1   | 1.4  | 0   | 3.0  | 1   | 7.4  | 1   |
| > High School |      | .29 |      | .66 |      | .14 |      | .18 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > High School | 9.8  | 1   | 0.7  | 0   | 2.9  | 1   | 8.2  | 1   |
| > Graduate    |      | .47 |      | .39 |      | .09 |      | .36 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Some        | 7.3  | 1   | 0.9  | 0   | 1.5  | 0   | 6.4  | 1   |
| > College     |      | .12 |      | .57 |      | .63 |      | .08 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > College     | 5.9  | 1   | 0.7  | 0   | 1.1  | 0   | 5.6  | 0   |
| > Graduate    |      | .03 |      | .45 |      | .54 |      | .98 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Marital       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Status        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Married     | 4.3  | 0   | 0.5  | 0   | 0.7  | 0   | 4.0  | 0   |
|               |      | .78 |      | .31 |      | .28 |      | .76 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Widowed or  | 8.2  | 1   | 1.3  | 0   | 2.6  | 1   | 7.4  | 1   |
| > Divorced or |      | .89 |      | .75 |      | .09 |      | .86 |
| > Separated   |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Never       | 15.0 | 1   | 1.3  | 0   | 4.4  | 1   | 12.3 | 1   |
| > Married     |      | .60 |      | .53 |      | .22 |      | .43 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Family Income |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 9.1  | 1   | 0.9  | 0   | 4.4  | 1   | 7.9  | 1   |
| > \$20,000    |      | .23 |      | .54 |      | .92 |      | .22 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$20        | 9.3  | 1   | 1.1  | 0   | 2.2  | 0   | 7.8  | 1   |
| ,000-\$49,999 |      | .23 |      | .48 |      | .74 |      | .19 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$50        | 5.3  | 0   | 0.7  | 0   | 1.2  | 0   | 4.4  | 1   |
| ,000-\$74,999 |      | .99 |      | .62 |      | .69 |      | .11 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$75,000 or | 6.5  | 1   | 0.6  | 0   | 0.4  | 0   | 6.1  | 1   |
| > More        |      | .03 |      | .40 |      | .13 |      | .02 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Government    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Assistance^1^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Yes         | 10.1 | 1   | 2.7  | 1   | 5.5  | 1   | 8.3  | 2   |
|               |      | .96 |      | .40 |      | .84 |      | .05 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No          | 7.5  | 0   | 0.6  | 0   | 1.5  | 0   | 6.6  | 0   |
|               |      | .70 |      | .20 |      | .43 |      | .65 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Health        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Insurance     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Med         | 7.9  | 1   | \*   | \*  | 4.2  | 1   | 6.3  | 1   |
| icaid/CHIP^2^ |      | .53 |      |     |      | .71 |      | .83 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Private     | 7.4  | 0   | 0.4  | 0   | 1.3  | 0   | 6.4  | 0   |
|               |      | .80 |      | .20 |      | .36 |      | .77 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 3.8  | 1   | \*   | \*  | 2.6  | 1   | 3.7  | 1   |
|               |      | .26 |      |     |      | .56 |      | .25 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No Coverage | 11.3 | 2   | 2.5  | 1   | 2.6  | 1   | 9.9  | 1   |
|               |      | .22 |      | .01 |      | .14 |      | .91 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| MSAs^3^       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Los Angeles | 7.2  | 1   | 0.5  | 0   | 1.4  | 0   | 6.2  | 0   |
|               |      | .12 |      | .40 |      | .71 |      | .89 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 5.8  | 1   | \*   | \*  | 1.9  | 1   | 4.7  | 1   |
| Riverside-San |      | .15 |      |     |      | .16 |      | .00 |
| > Bernardino  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Orange      | \*   | \*  | \*   | \*  | 0.3  | 0   | \*   | \*  |
| > County      |      |     |      |     |      | .25 |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Remainder   | 8.3  | 0   | 0.7  | 0   | 2.7  | 0   | 7.2  | 0   |
| > of          |      | .81 |      | .25 |      | .86 |      | .83 |
| > California  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually exclusive.

Note 2: Alcohol or illicit drug dependence or abuse was defined based on
the dependence criteria listed in the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders*, 4^th^ ed. (DSM-IV). \"Needed Treatment, but Not
Received\" refers to respondents classified as alcohol or drug dependent
or abusers who have not received any treatment for an alcohol or illicit
drug problem. Illicit drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine
(including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, or
prescription-type psychotherapeutic (nonmedical use).

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 9 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) and Standard Errors of Serious
Mental Illness (SMI) and Mental Health Treatment in the Past Year among
Adults Aged 18 or Older in California, by Sociodemographic
Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| **Soc         | **S  |     | **   |     | **   |     | **U  |     |
| iodemographic | MI** |     | Rece |     | Rece |     | nmet |     |
| Char          |      |     | ived |     | ived |     | Need |     |
| acteristics** |      |     | Any  |     | Pres |     | for  |     |
|               |      |     | Me   |     | crip |     | Me   |     |
|               |      |     | ntal |     | tion |     | ntal |     |
|               |      |     | He   |     | Me   |     | He   |     |
|               |      |     | alth |     | dica |     | alth |     |
|               |      |     | Tre  |     | tion |     | Tre  |     |
|               |      |     | atme |     | for  |     | atme |     |
|               |      |     | nt** |     | Me   |     | nt** |     |
|               |      |     |      |     | ntal |     |      |     |
|               |      |     |      |     | Heal |     |      |     |
|               |      |     |      |     | th** |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
|               | **E  | *   | **E  | *   | **E  | *   | **E  | *   |
|               | stim | *St | stim | *St | stim | *St | stim | *St |
|               | ated | and | ated | and | ated | and | ated | and |
|               | Numb | ard | Numb | ard | Numb | ard | Numb | ard |
|               | er** | E   | er** | E   | er** | E   | er** | E   |
|               |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |
|               |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Total         | 1    | 194 | 2    | 234 | 1    | 194 | 962  | 136 |
|               | ,716 |     | ,431 |     | ,750 |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Age Group     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 18-25       | 351  | 34  | 248  | 27  | 136  | 21  | 196  | 28  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 26-49       | 787  | 115 | 1    | 138 | 744  | 104 | 563  | 106 |
|               |      |     | ,037 |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 50 or Older | 579  | 132 | 1    | 181 | 870  | 161 | 203  | 77  |
|               |      |     | ,145 |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Gender        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Male        | 441  | 70  | 803  | 125 | 465  | 98  | 290  | 74  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Female      | 1    | 164 | 1    | 186 | 1    | 176 | 671  | 100 |
|               | ,275 |     | ,628 |     | ,285 |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| R             |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| ace/Ethnicity |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 1    | 157 | 1    | 216 | 1    | 183 | 689  | 114 |
|  Non-Hispanic | ,057 |     | ,701 |     | ,228 |     |      |     |
| > White       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | \*   | \*  | 111  | 33  | 90   | 34  | 39   | 18  |
|  Non-Hispanic |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > Black       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Hispanic    | 362  | 76  | 412  | 73  | 324  | 62  | 172  | 52  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 195  | 37  | 207  | 65  | 108  | 50  | 61   | 25  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Education     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 383  | 74  | 322  | 80  | 184  | 58  | 174  | 53  |
| > High School |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > High School | 497  | 102 | 651  | 114 | 493  | 113 | 256  | 70  |
| > Graduate    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Some        | 486  | 86  | 803  | 139 | 673  | 140 | 276  | 72  |
| > College     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > College     | 350  | 75  | 655  | 107 | 400  | 78  | 256  | 69  |
| > Graduate    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Marital       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Status        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Married     | 603  | 100 | 1    | 147 | 915  | 129 | 381  | 83  |
|               |      |     | ,124 |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Widowed or  | 558  | 91  | 650  | 125 | 459  | 99  | 267  | 70  |
| > Divorced or |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > Separated   |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Never       | 556  | 84  | 657  | 103 | 375  | 82  | 313  | 52  |
| > Married     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Family Income |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 604  | 129 | 658  | 133 | 482  | 118 | 232  | 57  |
| > \$20,000    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$20        | 581  | 103 | 809  | 128 | 606  | 114 | 426  | 97  |
| ,000-\$49,999 |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$50        | 315  | 75  | 395  | 75  | 280  | 66  | 142  | 50  |
| ,000-\$74,999 |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$75,000 or | 216  | 59  | 568  | 105 | 382  | 81  | 161  | 45  |
| > More        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Government    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Assistance^1^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Yes         | 461  | 83  | 661  | 109 | 476  | 81  | 194  | 54  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No          | 1    | 160 | 1    | 200 | 1    | 164 | 768  | 119 |
|               | ,256 |     | ,769 |     | ,273 |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Health        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Insurance     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Med         | 320  | 67  | 462  | 91  | 354  | 79  | 133  | 51  |
| icaid/CHIP^2^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Private     | 956  | 125 | 1    | 183 | 1    | 152 | 569  | 98  |
|               |      |     | ,591 |     | ,174 |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 304  | 97  | 589  | 131 | 464  | 112 | 75   | 34  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No Coverage | 302  | 61  | 191  | 58  | 89   | 35  | 226  | 61  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| MSAs^3^       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Los Angeles | 429  | 92  | 650  | 108 | 372  | 63  | 229  | 56  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 206  | 66  | 240  | 59  | 152  | 52  | \*   | \*  |
| Riverside-San |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > Bernardino  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Orange      | \*   | \*  | \*   | \*  | \*   | \*  | 85   | 39  |
| > County      |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Remainder   | 1    | 156 | 1    | 186 | 1    | 167 | 512  | 95  |
| > of          | ,015 |     | ,447 |     | ,137 |     |      |     |
| > California  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually exclusive.

Note 2: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable
mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the criteria found in
the 4^th^ ed. of the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that
substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life
activities. Mental Health Treatment/Counseling is defined as having
received inpatient care, outpatient care, or using prescription
medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health.
Respondents were not to include treatment for alcohol or drug use.

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 10 Percentages and Standard Errors of Serious Mental Illness (SMI)
and Mental Health Treatment in the Past Year among Adults Aged 18 or
Older in California, by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| **Soc         | **S  |     | **   |     | **   |     | **U  |     |
| iodemographic | MI** |     | Rece |     | Rece |     | nmet |     |
| Char          |      |     | ived |     | ived |     | Need |     |
| acteristics** |      |     | Any  |     | Pres |     | for  |     |
|               |      |     | Me   |     | crip |     | Me   |     |
|               |      |     | ntal |     | tion |     | ntal |     |
|               |      |     | He   |     | Me   |     | He   |     |
|               |      |     | alth |     | dica |     | alth |     |
|               |      |     | Tre  |     | tion |     | Tre  |     |
|               |      |     | atme |     | for  |     | atme |     |
|               |      |     | nt** |     | Me   |     | nt** |     |
|               |      |     |      |     | ntal |     |      |     |
|               |      |     |      |     | Heal |     |      |     |
|               |      |     |      |     | th** |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
|               | **P  | *   | **P  | *   | **P  | *   | **P  | *   |
|               | erce | *St | erce | *St | erce | *St | erce | *St |
|               | nt** | and | nt** | and | nt** | and | nt** | and |
|               |      | ard |      | ard |      | ard |      | ard |
|               |      | E   |      | E   |      | E   |      | E   |
|               |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |
|               |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Total         | 7.0  | 0   | 10.0 | 0   | 7.2  | 0   | 4.0  | 0   |
|               |      | .79 |      | .97 |      | .80 |      | .56 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Age Group     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 18-25       | 9.1  | 0   | 6.5  | 0   | 3.6  | 0   | 5.1  | 0   |
|               |      | .88 |      | .71 |      | .54 |      | .73 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 26-49       | 6.4  | 0   | 8.4  | 1   | 6.0  | 0   | 4.6  | 0   |
|               |      | .93 |      | .12 |      | .85 |      | .86 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 50 or Older | 7.0  | 1   | 14.1 | 2   | 10.7 | 1   | 2.5  | 0   |
|               |      | .60 |      | .23 |      | .99 |      | .95 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Gender        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Male        | 3.7  | 0   | 6.8  | 1   | 3.9  | 0   | 2.5  | 0   |
|               |      | .58 |      | .06 |      | .83 |      | .63 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Female      | 10.2 | 1   | 13.1 | 1   | 10.3 | 1   | 5.4  | 0   |
|               |      | .32 |      | .50 |      | .42 |      | .81 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| R             |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| ace/Ethnicity |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 8.3  | 1   | 13.5 | 1   | 9.7  | 1   | 5.5  | 0   |
|  Non-Hispanic |      | .24 |      | .71 |      | .45 |      | .91 |
| > White       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | \*   | \*  | 7.6  | 2   | 6.2  | 2   | 2.7  | 1   |
|  Non-Hispanic |      |     |      | .30 |      | .35 |      | .23 |
| > Black       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Hispanic    | 5.1  | 1   | 5.9  | 1   | 4.6  | 0   | 2.5  | 0   |
|               |      | .08 |      | .04 |      | .88 |      | .75 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 6.0  | 1   | 6.5  | 2   | 3.4  | 1   | 2.0  | 0   |
|               |      | .15 |      | .04 |      | .57 |      | .82 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Education     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 8.0  | 1   | 6.8  | 1   | 3.8  | 1   | 3.6  | 1   |
| > High School |      | .55 |      | .68 |      | .21 |      | .11 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > High School | 7.9  | 1   | 10.4 | 1   | 7.9  | 1   | 4.1  | 1   |
| > Graduate    |      | .62 |      | .82 |      | .80 |      | .12 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Some        | 7.6  | 1   | 12.5 | 2   | 10.5 | 2   | 4.4  | 1   |
| > College     |      | .33 |      | .16 |      | .19 |      | .13 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > College     | 5.1  | 1   | 9.6  | 1   | 5.8  | 1   | 3.8  | 1   |
| > Graduate    |      | .09 |      | .57 |      | .15 |      | .02 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Marital       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Status        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Married     | 4.4  | 0   | 8.3  | 1   | 6.8  | 0   | 2.8  | 0   |
|               |      | .74 |      | .09 |      | .95 |      | .62 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Widowed or  | 13.0 | 2   | 15.3 | 2   | 10.8 | 2   | 6.3  | 1   |
| > Divorced or |      | .13 |      | .95 |      | .33 |      | .65 |
| > Separated   |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Never       | 8.5  | 1   | 10.1 | 1   | 5.8  | 1   | 4.9  | 0   |
| > Married     |      | .29 |      | .59 |      | .26 |      | .81 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Family Income |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 11.6 | 2   | 12.8 | 2   | 9.4  | 2   | 4.5  | 1   |
| > \$20,000    |      | .49 |      | .58 |      | .31 |      | .11 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$20        | 6.6  | 1   | 9.2  | 1   | 6.9  | 1   | 4.9  | 1   |
| ,000-\$49,999 |      | .17 |      | .45 |      | .29 |      | .11 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$50        | 7.6  | 1   | 9.7  | 1   | 6.8  | 1   | 3.5  | 1   |
| ,000-\$74,999 |      | .83 |      | .82 |      | .62 |      | .23 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$75,000 or | 3.5  | 0   | 9.1  | 1   | 6.1  | 1   | 2.6  | 0   |
| > More        |      | .95 |      | .68 |      | .30 |      | .73 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Government    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Assistance^1^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Yes         | 13.9 | 2   | 20.1 | 3   | 14.6 | 2   | 6.0  | 1   |
|               |      | .51 |      | .32 |      | .50 |      | .69 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No          | 6.0  | 0   | 8.4  | 0   | 6.1  | 0   | 3.7  | 0   |
|               |      | .76 |      | .95 |      | .78 |      | .57 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Health        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Insurance     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Med         | 13.3 | 2   | 19.2 | 3   | 15.0 | 3   | 5.6  | 2   |
| icaid/CHIP^2^ |      | .79 |      | .80 |      | .33 |      | .15 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Private     | 5.9  | 0   | 9.8  | 1   | 7.2  | 0   | 3.5  | 0   |
|               |      | .77 |      | .13 |      | .94 |      | .61 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 6.7  | 2   | 12.9 | 2   | 10.2 | 2   | 1.7  | 0   |
|               |      | .12 |      | .86 |      | .46 |      | .74 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No Coverage | 7.9  | 1   | 5.0  | 1   | 2.3  | 0   | 5.9  | 1   |
|               |      | .61 |      | .53 |      | .91 |      | .60 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| MSAs^3^       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Los Angeles | 6.2  | 1   | 9.4  | 1   | 5.4  | 0   | 3.3  | 0   |
|               |      | .32 |      | .55 |      | .91 |      | .81 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 8.1  | 2   | 9.4  | 2   | 6.0  | 2   | \*   | \*  |
| Riverside-San |      | .57 |      | .32 |      | .09 |      |     |
| > Bernardino  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Orange      | \*   | \*  | \*   | \*  | \*   | \*  | 5.2  | 2   |
| > County      |      |     |      |     |      |     |      | .42 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Remainder   | 7.7  | 1   | 11.0 | 1   | 8.6  | 1   | 3.9  | 0   |
| > of          |      | .18 |      | .42 |      | .26 |      | .73 |
| > California  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually exclusive.

Note 2: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable
mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the criteria found in
the 4^th^ ed. of the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that
substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life
activities. Mental Health Treatment is defined as having received
inpatient care, outpatient care, or using prescription medication for
problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not
to include treatment for alcohol or drug use.

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 11 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) and Standard Errors of
Co-Occurring Disorders and Treatment in the Past Year among Adults Aged
18 or Older in California, by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001
NHSDA

+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| **Soc         | *    |     | **   |     | **   |     | **   |     |
| iodemographic | *SMI |     | Rece |     | Rece |     | Rece |     |
| Char          | and  |     | ived |     | ived |     | ived |     |
| acteristics** | Alc  |     | T    |     | T    |     | T    |     |
|               | ohol |     | reat |     | reat |     | reat |     |
|               | or   |     | ment |     | ment |     | ment |     |
|               | Drug |     | for  |     | for  |     | for  |     |
|               | De   |     | Alc  |     | SMI  |     | Both |     |
|               | pend |     | ohol |     | On   |     | SMI  |     |
|               | ence |     | or   |     | ly** |     | and  |     |
|               | or   |     | D    |     |      |     | Alc  |     |
|               | Ab   |     | rugs |     |      |     | ohol |     |
|               | use^ |     | On   |     |      |     | or   |     |
|               | +^** |     | ly** |     |      |     | Dru  |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | gs** |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
|               | **E  | *   | **E  | *   | **E  | *   | **E  | *   |
|               | stim | *St | stim | *St | stim | *St | stim | *St |
|               | ated | and | ated | and | ated | and | ated | and |
|               | Numb | ard | Numb | ard | Numb | ard | Numb | ard |
|               | er** | E   | er** | E   | er** | E   | er** | E   |
|               |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |
|               |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Total         | 377  | 70  | 361  | 81  | 632  | 108 | 136  | 68  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Age Group     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 18-25       | 134  | 21  | 83   | 18  | 74   | 14  | 21   | 10  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 26-49       | 183  | 48  | 256  | 73  | 291  | 67  | 70   | 33  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 50 or Older | 61   | 43  | 22   | 22  | 268  | 84  | \*   | \*  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Gender        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Male        | 157  | 38  | 214  | 61  | 125  | 40  | 19   | 12  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Female      | 220  | 64  | 147  | 52  | 507  | 88  | 117  | 66  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| R             |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| ace/Ethnicity |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 251  | 67  | 217  | 61  | 467  | 97  | 104  | 63  |
|  Non-Hispanic |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > White       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 44   | 27  | 29   | 18  | 36   | 23  | \*   | \*  |
|  Non-Hispanic |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > Black       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Hispanic    | 68   | 22  | 75   | 28  | 66   | 20  | 32   | 23  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 14   | 6   | \*   | \*  | 63   | 27  | \*   | \*  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Education     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 152  | 41  | 95   | 39  | 59   | 32  | 49   | 29  |
| > High School |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > High School | 112  | 41  | 99   | 33  | 161  | 51  | 82   | 47  |
| > Graduate    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Some        | 41   | 14  | 95   | 40  | 221  | 67  | \*   | \*  |
| > College     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > College     | 72   | 37  | 71   | 37  | 191  | 53  | 4    | 4   |
| > Graduate    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Marital       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Status        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Married     | 128  | 47  | 47   | 21  | 205  | 61  | 51   | 28  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Widowed or  | 98   | 46  | 95   | 37  | 275  | 71  | \*   | \*  |
| > Divorced or |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > Separated   |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Never       | 151  | 33  | 218  | 53  | 152  | 36  | 67   | 45  |
| > Married     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Family Income |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 81   | 32  | 146  | 51  | 214  | 55  | \*   | \*  |
| > \$20,000    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$20        | 172  | 55  | 161  | 50  | 203  | 60  | 35   | 23  |
| ,000-\$49,999 |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$50        | 73   | 35  | 33   | 24  | 150  | 51  | 17   | 14  |
| ,000-\$74,999 |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$75,000 or | 51   | 23  | 20   | 7   | 65   | 27  | 4    | 4   |
| > More        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Government    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Assistance^1^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Yes         | 119  | 46  | 156  | 53  | 224  | 58  | 22   | 13  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No          | 258  | 60  | 205  | 55  | 408  | 83  | 114  | 67  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Health        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Insurance     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Med         | 31   | 16  | 97   | 41  | 134  | 44  | 3    | 3   |
| icaid/CHIP^2^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Private     | 247  | 56  | 155  | 44  | 385  | 81  | 56   | 28  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 45   | 30  | 51   | 34  | 142  | 54  | \*   | \*  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No Coverage | 96   | 36  | 84   | 41  | 76   | 34  | 14   | 10  |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| MSAs^3^       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Los Angeles | 101  | 29  | 85   | 44  | 168  | 48  | 11   | 8   |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 54   | 33  | 48   | 30  | 50   | 22  | \*   | \*  |
| Riverside-San |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > Bernardino  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Orange      | \*   | \*  | 4    | 4   | \*   | \*  | \*   | \*  |
| > County      |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Remainder   | 163  | 36  | 224  | 60  | 354  | 86  | 125  | 66  |
| > of          |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| > California  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

^+^ The estimated number in the population with *both* serious mental
illness (SMI) and substance abuse is expected to be less than the number
with any SMI, as shown in Table 9.

Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually exclusive.

Note 2: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable
mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the criteria found in
the 4^th^ ed. of the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that
substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life
activities. Dependence or abuse is based on the definition found in
DSM-IV.

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 12 Percentages and Standard Errors of Co-Occurring Disorders and
Treatment in the Past Year among Adults Aged 18 or Older in California,
by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| **Soc         | *    |     | **   |     | **   |     | **   |     |
| iodemographic | *SMI |     | Rece |     | Rece |     | Rece |     |
| Char          | and  |     | ived |     | ived |     | ived |     |
| acteristics** | Alc  |     | T    |     | T    |     | T    |     |
|               | ohol |     | reat |     | reat |     | reat |     |
|               | or   |     | ment |     | ment |     | ment |     |
|               | Drug |     | for  |     | for  |     | for  |     |
|               | De   |     | Alc  |     | SMI  |     | Both |     |
|               | pend |     | ohol |     | On   |     | SMI  |     |
|               | ence |     | or   |     | ly** |     | and  |     |
|               | or   |     | D    |     |      |     | Alc  |     |
|               | Abu  |     | rugs |     |      |     | ohol |     |
|               | se** |     | On   |     |      |     | or   |     |
|               |      |     | ly** |     |      |     | Dru  |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | gs** |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
|               | **P  | *   | **P  | *   | **P  | *   | **P  | *   |
|               | erce | *St | erce | *St | erce | *St | erce | *St |
|               | nt** | and | nt** | and | nt** | and | nt** | and |
|               |      | ard |      | ard |      | ard |      | ard |
|               |      | E   |      | E   |      | E   |      | E   |
|               |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |
|               |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Total         | 1.5  | 0   | 1.5  | 0   | 2.6  | 0   | 0.6  | 0   |
|               |      | .29 |      | .33 |      | .45 |      | .28 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Age Group     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 18-25       | 3.5  | 0   | 2.2  | 0   | 1.9  | 0   | 0.6  | 0   |
|               |      | .56 |      | .46 |      | .37 |      | .26 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 26-49       | 1.5  | 0   | 2.1  | 0   | 2.4  | 0   | 0.6  | 0   |
|               |      | .39 |      | .60 |      | .54 |      | .27 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 50 or Older | 0.7  | 0   | 0.3  | 0   | 3.3  | 1   | \*   | \*  |
|               |      | .52 |      | .27 |      | .03 |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Gender        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Male        | 1.3  | 0   | 1.8  | 0   | 1.1  | 0   | 0.2  | 0   |
|               |      | .32 |      | .51 |      | .34 |      | .11 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Female      | 1.8  | 0   | 1.2  | 0   | 4.1  | 0   | 0.9  | 0   |
|               |      | .51 |      | .42 |      | .71 |      | .53 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| R             |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| ace/Ethnicity |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 2.0  | 0   | 1.7  | 0   | 3.7  | 0   | 0.8  | 0   |
|  Non-Hispanic |      | .53 |      | .48 |      | .77 |      | .50 |
| > White       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 3.0  | 1   | 2.0  | 1   | 2.5  | 1   | \*   | \*  |
|  Non-Hispanic |      | .83 |      | .24 |      | .56 |      |     |
| > Black       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Hispanic    | 1.0  | 0   | 1.1  | 0   | 0.9  | 0   | 0.5  | 0   |
|               |      | .31 |      | .40 |      | .29 |      | .33 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 0.4  | 0   | \*   | \*  | 2.0  | 0   | \*   | \*  |
|               |      | .19 |      |     |      | .87 |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Education     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 3.2  | 0   | 2.0  | 0   | 1.2  | 0   | 1.0  | 0   |
| > High School |      | .85 |      | .81 |      | .67 |      | .60 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > High School | 1.8  | 0   | 1.6  | 0   | 2.6  | 0   | 1.3  | 0   |
| > Graduate    |      | .65 |      | .53 |      | .81 |      | .76 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Some        | 0.6  | 0   | 1.5  | 0   | 3.5  | 1   | \*   | \*  |
| > College     |      | .23 |      | .63 |      | .05 |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > College     | 1.1  | 0   | 1.0  | 0   | 2.8  | 0   | 0.1  | 0   |
| > Graduate    |      | .54 |      | .54 |      | .77 |      | .06 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Marital       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Status        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Married     | 0.9  | 0   | 0.4  | 0   | 1.5  | 0   | 0.4  | 0   |
|               |      | .35 |      | .16 |      | .45 |      | .20 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Widowed or  | 2.3  | 1   | 2.2  | 0   | 6.4  | 1   | \*   | \*  |
| > Divorced or |      | .08 |      | .87 |      | .67 |      |     |
| > Separated   |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Never       | 2.3  | 0   | 3.4  | 0   | 2.4  | 0   | 1.0  | 0   |
| > Married     |      | .51 |      | .82 |      | .56 |      | .69 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Family Income |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 1.6  | 0   | 2.9  | 1   | 4.2  | 1   | \*   | \*  |
| > \$20,000    |      | .62 |      | .01 |      | .08 |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$20        | 2.0  | 0   | 1.8  | 0   | 2.3  | 0   | 0.4  | 0   |
| ,000-\$49,999 |      | .62 |      | .57 |      | .69 |      | .26 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$50        | 1.8  | 0   | 0.8  | 0   | 3.7  | 1   | 0.4  | 0   |
| ,000-\$74,999 |      | .84 |      | .59 |      | .26 |      | .34 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$75,000 or | 0.8  | 0   | 0.3  | 0   | 1.0  | 0   | 0.1  | 0   |
| > More        |      | .37 |      | .11 |      | .43 |      | .07 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Government    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Assistance^1^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Yes         | 3.6  | 1   | 4.8  | 1   | 6.9  | 1   | 0.7  | 0   |
|               |      | .40 |      | .63 |      | .76 |      | .40 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No          | 1.2  | 0   | 1.0  | 0   | 1.9  | 0   | 0.5  | 0   |
|               |      | .28 |      | .26 |      | .40 |      | .32 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Health        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Insurance     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Med         | 1.3  | 0   | 4.0  | 1   | 5.6  | 1   | 0.1  | 0   |
| icaid/CHIP^2^ |      | .65 |      | .70 |      | .82 |      | .12 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Private     | 1.5  | 0   | 1.0  | 0   | 2.4  | 0   | 0.3  | 0   |
|               |      | .34 |      | .27 |      | .50 |      | .17 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 1.0  | 0   | 1.1  | 0   | 3.2  | 1   | \*   | \*  |
|               |      | .67 |      | .76 |      | .19 |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No Coverage | 2.5  | 0   | 2.2  | 1   | 2.0  | 0   | 0.4  | 0   |
|               |      | .94 |      | .08 |      | .88 |      | .26 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| MSAs^3^       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Los Angeles | 1.4  | 0   | 1.2  | 0   | 2.4  | 0   | 0.2  | 0   |
|               |      | .42 |      | .64 |      | .70 |      | .12 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 2.1  | 1   | 1.9  | 1   | 2.0  | 0   | \*   | \*  |
| Riverside-San |      | .27 |      | .16 |      | .84 |      |     |
| > Bernardino  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Orange      | \*   | \*  | 0.3  | 0   | \*   | \*  | \*   | \*  |
| > County      |      |     |      | .25 |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Remainder   | 1.2  | 0   | 1.7  | 0   | 2.7  | 0   | 0.9  | 0   |
| > of          |      | .27 |      | .46 |      | .65 |      | .50 |
| > California  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually exclusive.

Note 2: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable
mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the criteria found in
the 4^th^ ed. of the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that
substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life
activities. Dependence or abuse is based on the definition found in
DSM-IV.

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 13 Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) and Standard Errors of Alcohol
or Illicit Drug Dependence/Abuse or Serious Mental Illness (SMI) and
Treatment Receipt in the Past Year among Adults Aged 18 or Older in
California, by Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| **So           | *    |         | **Rec |         | **    |        |
| ciodemographic | *SMI |         | eived |         | Unmet |        |
| Cha            | or   |         | Any   |         | Need  |        |
| racteristics** | Alc  |         | Trea  |         | for   |        |
|                | ohol |         | tment |         | M     |        |
|                | or   |         | for   |         | ental |        |
|                | Drug |         | SMI   |         | H     |        |
|                | De   |         | or    |         | ealth |        |
|                | pend |         | Al    |         | Trea  |        |
|                | ence |         | cohol |         | tment |        |
|                | or   |         | or    |         | or    |        |
|                | Abu  |         | Dr    |         | Perc  |        |
|                | se** |         | ugs** |         | eived |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | Need  |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | for   |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | Al    |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | cohol |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | or    |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | Drug  |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | Treat |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | ment, |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | but   |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | Rec   |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | eived |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | Neit  |        |
|                |      |         |       |         | her** |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
|                | **E  | **S     | *     | **S     | *     | **St   |
|                | stim | tandard | *Esti | tandard | *Esti | andard |
|                | ated | Error** | mated | Error** | mated | E      |
|                | Numb |         | Num   |         | Num   | rror** |
|                | er** |         | ber** |         | ber** |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| Total          | 3    | 247     | 1,129 | 186     | 718   | 118    |
|                | ,261 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| Age Group      |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > 18-25        | 879  | 55      | 178   | 26      | 179   | 27     |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > 26-49        | 1    | 151     | 617   | 118     | 434   | 101    |
|                | ,601 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > 50 or Older  | 782  | 155     | 334   | 108     | 105   | 61     |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| Gender         |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Male         | 1    | 125     | 358   | 75      | 261   | 74     |
|                | ,580 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Female       | 1    | 182     | 771   | 159     | 457   | 81     |
|                | ,682 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| Race/Ethnicity |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Non-Hispanic | 2    | 190     | 788   | 144     | 464   | 98     |
| > White        | ,008 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Non-Hispanic | 154  | 51      | 65    | 28      | 61    | 29     |
| > Black        |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Hispanic     | 771  | 106     | 174   | 52      | 137   | 49     |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Other        | 329  | 57      | 103   | 42      | 55    | 25     |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| Education      |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Less Than    | 657  | 89      | 204   | 63      | 155   | 47     |
| > High School  |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > High School  | 1    | 130     | 342   | 87      | 238   | 64     |
| > Graduate     | ,005 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Some College | 915  | 121     | 316   | 80      | 183   | 67     |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > College      | 684  | 87      | 267   | 61      | 142   | 39     |
| > Graduate     |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| Marital Status |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Married      | 1    | 136     | 303   | 72      | 345   | 92     |
|                | ,065 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Widowed or   | 812  | 107     | 389   | 92      | 101   | 38     |
| > Divorced or  |      |         |       |         |       |        |
| > Separated    |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Never        | 1    | 120     | 438   | 81      | 271   | 50     |
| > Married      | ,384 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| Family Income  |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Less Than    | 994  | 146     | 440   | 130     | 177   | 45     |
| > \$20,000     |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > \$2          | 1    | 125     | 399   | 94      | 321   | 79     |
| 0,000-\$49,999 | ,232 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > \$5          | 461  | 81      | 201   | 48      | 82    | 34     |
| 0,000-\$74,999 |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > \$75,000 or  | 574  | 86      | 90    | 28      | 138   | 41     |
| > More         |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| Government     |      |         |       |         |       |        |
| Assistance^1^  |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Yes          | 677  | 96      | 403   | 82      | 158   | 56     |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > No           | 2    | 207     | 727   | 137     | 560   | 98     |
|                | ,585 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| Health         |      |         |       |         |       |        |
| Insurance      |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Me           | 479  | 77      | 234   | 64      | 92    | 41     |
| dicaid/CHIP^2^ |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Private      | 1    | 167     | 596   | 107     | 357   | 68     |
|                | ,919 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Other        | 434  | 108     | 262   | 89      | 53    | 33     |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > No Coverage  | 637  | 98      | 174   | 57      | 220   | 53     |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| MSAs^3^        |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Los Angeles  | 829  | 124     | 264   | 64      | 162   | 45     |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| >              | 300  | 56      | 98    | 35      | \*    | \*     |
|  Riverside-San |      |         |       |         |       |        |
| > Bernardino   |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Orange       | \*   | \*      | \*    | \*      | \*    | \*     |
| > County       |      |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+
| > Remainder of | 1    | 195     | 703   | 168     | 351   | 73     |
| > California   | ,958 |         |       |         |       |        |
+----------------+------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually exclusive.

Note 2: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable
mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the criteria found in
the 4^th^ ed. of the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that
substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life
activities. Dependence or abuse is based on the definition found in
DSM-IV.

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 14 Percentages and Standard Errors of Alcohol or Illicit Drug
Dependence/Abuse or Serious Mental Illness (SMI) and Treatment Receipt
in the Past Year among Adults Aged 18 or Older in California, by
Sociodemographic Characteristics, 2001 NHSDA

+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| **So           | *    |         | *   |          | **    |         |
| ciodemographic | *SMI |         | *Re |          | Unmet |         |
| Cha            | or   |         | cei |          | Need  |         |
| racteristics** | Alc  |         | ved |          | for   |         |
|                | ohol |         | Any |          | M     |         |
|                | or   |         | Tre |          | ental |         |
|                | Drug |         | atm |          | H     |         |
|                | De   |         | ent |          | ealth |         |
|                | pend |         | for |          | Trea  |         |
|                | ence |         | SMI |          | tment |         |
|                | or   |         | or  |          | or    |         |
|                | Abu  |         | A   |          | Perc  |         |
|                | se** |         | lco |          | eived |         |
|                |      |         | hol |          | Need  |         |
|                |      |         | or  |          | for   |         |
|                |      |         | D   |          | Al    |         |
|                |      |         | rug |          | cohol |         |
|                |      |         | s** |          | or    |         |
|                |      |         |     |          | Drug  |         |
|                |      |         |     |          | Treat |         |
|                |      |         |     |          | ment, |         |
|                |      |         |     |          | but   |         |
|                |      |         |     |          | Rec   |         |
|                |      |         |     |          | eived |         |
|                |      |         |     |          | Neit  |         |
|                |      |         |     |          | her** |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
|                | **P  | **S     | **  | **       | *     | **S     |
|                | erce | tandard | Per | Standard | *Perc | tandard |
|                | nt** | Error** | cen | Error**  | ent** | Error** |
|                |      |         | t** |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| Total          | 13.4 | 1.01    | 4.7 | 0.77     | 3.0   | 0.49    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| Age Group      |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > 18-25        | 22.9 | 1.42    | 4.7 | 0.68     | 4.7   | 0.72    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > 26-49        | 13.0 | 1.22    | 5.0 | 0.96     | 3.5   | 0.82    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > 50 or Older  | 9.5  | 1.88    | 4.1 | 1.33     | 1.3   | 0.76    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| Gender         |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Male         | 13.2 | 1.04    | 3.0 | 0.63     | 2.2   | 0.63    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Female       | 13.5 | 1.46    | 6.2 | 1.28     | 3.7   | 0.66    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| Race/Ethnicity |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Non-Hispanic | 15.8 | 1.50    | 6.2 | 1.14     | 3.7   | 0.78    |
| > White        |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Non-Hispanic | 10.6 | 3.51    | 4.5 | 1.94     | 4.2   | 2.00    |
| > Black        |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Hispanic     | 11.0 | 1.50    | 2.5 | 0.75     | 2.0   | 0.71    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Other        | 10.2 | 1.76    | 3.3 | 1.33     | 1.8   | 0.81    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| Education      |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Less Than    | 13.7 | 1.86    | 4.3 | 1.32     | 3.3   | 0.98    |
| > High School  |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > High School  | 15.9 | 2.06    | 5.5 | 1.39     | 3.8   | 1.03    |
| > Graduate     |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Some College | 14.2 | 1.87    | 4.9 | 1.25     | 2.9   | 1.06    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > College      | 10.0 | 1.27    | 3.9 | 0.89     | 2.1   | 0.58    |
| > Graduate     |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| Marital Status |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Married      | 7.8  | 1.00    | 2.3 | 0.53     | 2.6   | 0.69    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Widowed or   | 19.0 | 2.50    | 9.1 | 2.15     | 2.4   | 0.89    |
| > Divorced or  |      |         |     |          |       |         |
| > Separated    |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Never        | 21.2 | 1.84    | 6.8 | 1.25     | 4.2   | 0.79    |
| > Married      |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| Family Income  |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Less Than    | 19.2 | 2.82    | 8.6 | 2.54     | 3.5   | 0.89    |
| > \$20,000     |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > \$2          | 14.0 | 1.41    | 4.5 | 1.06     | 3.7   | 0.91    |
| 0,000-\$49,999 |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > \$5          | 11.2 | 1.97    | 4.9 | 1.18     | 2.0   | 0.83    |
| 0,000-\$74,999 |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > \$75,000 or  | 9.2  | 1.37    | 1.4 | 0.45     | 2.2   | 0.67    |
| > More         |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| Government     |      |         |     |          |       |         |
| Assistance^1^  |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Yes          | 20.5 | 2.89    | 1   | 2.51     | 5.0   | 1.77    |
|                |      |         | 2.3 |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > No           | 12.3 | 0.98    | 3.5 | 0.66     | 2.7   | 0.47    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| Health         |      |         |     |          |       |         |
| Insurance      |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Me           | 19.9 | 3.19    | 9.7 | 2.65     | 3.9   | 1.73    |
| dicaid/CHIP^2^ |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Private      | 11.8 | 1.02    | 3.7 | 0.66     | 2.2   | 0.42    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Other        | 9.5  | 2.37    | 5.8 | 1.96     | 1.2   | 0.75    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > No Coverage  | 16.7 | 2.56    | 4.6 | 1.51     | 5.8   | 1.40    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| MSAs^3^        |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Los Angeles  | 11.9 | 1.78    | 3.8 | 0.93     | 2.4   | 0.66    |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| >              | 11.7 | 2.20    | 3.8 | 1.36     | \*    | \*      |
|  Riverside-San |      |         |     |          |       |         |
| > Bernardino   |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Orange       | \*   | \*      | \*  | \*       | \*    | \*      |
| > County       |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+
| > Remainder of | 14.8 | 1.47    | 5.3 | 1.28     | 2.7   | 0.56    |
| > California   |      |         |     |          |       |         |
+----------------+------+---------+-----+----------+-------+---------+

\*Low precision; no estimate reported.

Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually exclusive.

Note 2: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable
mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the criteria found in
the 4^th^ ed. of the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that
substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life
activities. Dependence or abuse is based on the definition found in
DSM-IV.

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.

Table 15 Percent Distributions of Selected Characteristics among Adults
Aged 18 or Older in California Who Had Serious Mental Illness (SMI) or
Alcohol/Illicit Drug Dependence/Abuse and Received Treatment and Had
Unmet Need for Treatment in the Past Year, 2001 NHSDA

+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| **Soc         | *    |     | *    |     | **   |     | **U  |     |
| iodemographic | *SMI |     | *Nei |     | Rece |     | nmet |     |
| Char          | or   |     | ther |     | ived |     | Need |     |
| acteristics** | Alc  |     | SMI  |     | Any  |     | for  |     |
|               | ohol |     | nor  |     | T    |     | Me   |     |
|               | or   |     | Alc  |     | reat |     | ntal |     |
|               | Drug |     | ohol |     | ment |     | He   |     |
|               | De   |     | or   |     | for  |     | alth |     |
|               | pend |     | Drug |     | SMI  |     | T    |     |
|               | ence |     | De   |     | or   |     | reat |     |
|               | or   |     | pend |     | Alc  |     | ment |     |
|               | Abu  |     | ence |     | ohol |     | or   |     |
|               | se** |     | or   |     | or   |     | P    |     |
|               |      |     | Abu  |     | Dru  |     | erce |     |
|               |      |     | se** |     | gs** |     | ived |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | Need |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | for  |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | Alc  |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | ohol |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | or   |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | Drug |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | Tr   |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | eatm |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | ent, |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | but  |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | Rece |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | ived |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | N    |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | eith |     |
|               |      |     |      |     |      |     | er** |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
|               | **P  | *   | **P  | *   | **P  | *   | **P  | *   |
|               | erce | *St | erce | *St | erce | *St | erce | *St |
|               | nt** | and | nt** | and | nt** | and | nt** | and |
|               |      | ard |      | ard |      | ard |      | ard |
|               |      | E   |      | E   |      | E   |      | E   |
|               |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |      | rro |
|               |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |      | r** |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Total         | 1    | 0   | 1    | 0   | 1    | 0   | 1    | 0   |
|               | 00.0 | .00 | 00.0 | .00 | 00.0 | .00 | 00.0 | .00 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Age Group     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 18-25       | 26.  | 2   | 14.0 | 0   | 15.8 | 3   | 24.9 | 5   |
|               | 9^a^ | .72 |      | .81 |      | .04 |      | .14 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 26-49       | 49.1 | 3   | 50.8 | 1   | 54.6 | 6   | 60.4 | 8   |
|               |      | .63 |      | .60 |      | .17 |      | .30 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > 50 or Older | 24.  | 3   | 35.2 | 1   | 29.6 | 6   | 14.6 | 7   |
|               | 0^a^ | .71 |      | .78 |      | .84 |      | .45 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Gender        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Male        | 48.4 | 3   | 49.0 | 1   | 31.7 | 6   | 36.3 | 7   |
|               |      | .54 |      | .57 |      | .26 |      | .23 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Female      | 51.6 | 3   | 51.0 | 1   | 68.3 | 6   | 63.7 | 7   |
|               |      | .54 |      | .57 |      | .26 |      | .23 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| R             |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| ace/Ethnicity |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 61.  | 3   | 50.5 | 1   | 69.7 | 4   | 64.6 | 7   |
|  Non-Hispanic | 6^a^ | .21 |      | .95 |      | .98 |      | .55 |
| > White       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 4.7  | 1   | 6.1  | 0   | 5.8  | 2   | 8.5  | 4   |
|  Non-Hispanic |      | .67 |      | .85 |      | .65 |      | .30 |
| > Black       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Hispanic    | 23.6 | 2   | 29.7 | 1   | 15.4 | 4   | 19.1 | 6   |
|               |      | .97 |      | .55 |      | .48 |      | .15 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 10.1 | 1   | 13.7 | 1   | 9.1  | 3   | 7.7  | 3   |
|               |      | .83 |      | .12 |      | .16 |      | .50 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Education     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 20.2 | 2   | 19.6 | 1   | 18.0 | 4   | 21.6 | 5   |
| > High School |      | .54 |      | .20 |      | .33 |      | .94 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > High School | 30.8 | 3   | 25.1 | 1   | 30.3 | 5   | 33.1 | 7   |
| > Graduate    |      | .62 |      | .14 |      | .47 |      | .38 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Some        | 28.1 | 2   | 26.1 | 1   | 28.0 | 5   | 25.5 | 7   |
| > College     |      | .95 |      | .37 |      | .89 |      | .38 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > College     | 21.  | 2   | 29.3 | 1   | 23.6 | 4   | 19.8 | 5   |
| > Graduate    | 0^a^ | .90 |      | .65 |      | .10 |      | .11 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Marital       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Status        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Married     | 32.  | 3   | 59.3 | 1   | 26.9 | 5   | 48.1 | 7   |
|               | 7^a^ | .40 |      | .43 |      | .39 |      | .52 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Widowed or  | 24.  | 3   | 16.4 | 1   | 34.4 | 5   | 14.1 | 4   |
| > Divorced or | 9^a^ | .03 |      | .09 |      | .78 |      | .78 |
| > Separated   |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Never       | 42.  | 2   | 24.3 | 1   | 38.7 | 4   | 37.8 | 6   |
| > Married     | 4^a^ | .85 |      | .32 |      | .91 |      | .21 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Family Income |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Less Than   | 30.  | 4   | 19.9 | 1   | 39.0 | 9   | 24.6 | 5   |
| > \$20,000    | 5^a^ | .29 |      | .32 |      | .01 |      | .58 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$20        | 37.8 | 3   | 35.9 | 1   | 35.3 | 6   | 44.7 | 6   |
| ,000-\$49,999 |      | .20 |      | .49 |      | .88 |      | .78 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$50        | 14.1 | 2   | 17.3 | 1   | 17.8 | 4   | 11.4 | 4   |
| ,000-\$74,999 |      | .58 |      | .30 |      | .49 |      | .15 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > \$75,000 or | 17.  | 2   | 26.9 | 1   | 8.0  | 2   | 19.2 | 5   |
| > More        | 6^a^ | .79 |      | .51 |      | .64 |      | .32 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Government    |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Assistance^1^ |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Yes         | 20.  | 2   | 12.4 | 0   | 35.6 | 5   | 22.0 | 6   |
|               | 8^a^ | .85 |      | .85 |      | .69 |      | .73 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No          | 79.  | 2   | 87.6 | 0   | 64.4 | 5   | 78.0 | 6   |
|               | 2^a^ | .85 |      | .85 |      | .69 |      | .73 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| Health        |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
| Insurance     |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Med         | 14.  | 2   | 9.1  | 1   | 20.7 | 4   | 12.9 | 5   |
| icaid/CHIP^2^ | 7^a^ | .90 |      | .03 |      | .97 |      | .15 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Private     | 58.  | 3   | 68.0 | 1   | 52.8 | 8   | 49.7 | 6   |
|               | 8^a^ | .87 |      | .55 |      | .64 |      | .20 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Other       | 13.3 | 2   | 19.6 | 1   | 23.2 | 5   | 7.4  | 4   |
|               |      | .93 |      | .56 |      | .66 |      | .42 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > No Coverage | 19.5 | 2   | 15.0 | 1   | 15.4 | 4   | 30.6 | 5   |
|               |      | .89 |      | .22 |      | .27 |      | .30 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| MSAs^3^       |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Los Angeles | 25.4 | 3   | 29.0 | 1   | 23.3 | 6   | 22.6 | 6   |
|               |      | .69 |      | .81 |      | .04 |      | .32 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| >             | 9.2  | 2   | 10.7 | 1   | 8.7  | 3   | 22.2 | 8   |
| Riverside-San |      | .05 |      | .59 |      | .84 |      | .28 |
| > Bernardino  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Orange      | 5.4  | 2   | 6.8  | 1   | 5.7  | 3   | 6.3  | 3   |
| > County      |      | .32 |      | .31 |      | .57 |      | .74 |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+
| > Remainder   | 60.0 | 4   | 53.5 | 2   | 62.3 | 7   | 48.9 | 8   |
| > of          |      | .15 |      | .06 |      | .56 |      | .16 |
| > California  |      |     |      |     |      |     |      |     |
+---------------+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+------+-----+

^a^ Those with any serious mental illness (SMI) or substance
dependence/abuse (column 1) are significantly different from those with
neither SMI nor alcohol or drug dependence/abuse (column 2) at *p* \<
0.05. Populations in columns 1 and 2 are mutually exclusive.

Note 1: Respondents with missing information were excluded from the
analyses. The categories of health insurance are not mutually exclusive.

Note 2: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable
mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met the criteria found in
the 4^th^ ed. of the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that
substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life
activities. Dependence or abuse is based on the definition found in
DSM-IV.

^1^ Number range CHAPTERNumber range CHAPTERAt least one family member
received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash assistance or noncash
assistance (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, TANF), or the
family received food stamps in the past year.

^2^ Number range CHAPTERChildren\'s Health Insurance Program.

^3^ The definition for metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is based on
the 1999 U.S. Bureau of the Census definition.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on
Drug Abuse, 2001.