Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 9/30/2004

**GAIN Report Number:** TU4036

TU4036

**Turkey**

**Exporter Guide**

**Annual**

**2004**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Robert Hanson, Acting Agricultural Counselor

U.S. Embassy

**Prepared by:**

Ibrahim Sirtioglu, Agricultural Marketing Specialist and Yasemin Erkut,
Administrative Assistant

**Report Highlights:**

Recent changes to Turkey\'s Food Law, and other changes intended to
harmonize food and agricultural laws with those in the EU present
challenges and opportunities for exporters in this market. Economic
growth in Turkey is also creating opportunities for U.S. food and
agricultural exports. Opportunities for high-value products, however,
remain limited by domestic and regional competition, as well as arduous
import requirements.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Annual Report

Ankara \[TU1\]

\[TU\]

[SECTION I. Market Overview 3](#section-i.-market-overview)

[I.1. Economic Situation 3](#i.1.-economic-situation)

[I.2. Demographic Developments 3](#i.2.-demographic-developments)

[I.3. Consumer Buying Habits 4](#i.3.-consumer-buying-habits)

[I.4. The market for U.S. products
4](#i.4.-the-market-for-u.s.-products)

[SECTION II: Exporter Business Tips
4](#section-ii-exporter-business-tips)

[II.1. Local Business Customs/Practices
4](#ii.1.-local-business-customspractices)

[II.2. Consumer Tastes and Preferences
5](#ii.2.-consumer-tastes-and-preferences)

[II.3. Food Standards & Regulations
5](#ii.3.-food-standards-regulations)

[II.4. Import Process 7](#ii.4.-import-process)

[II.5. Customs Process 7](#ii.5.-customs-process)

[Section III: Market Sector Structure and Trends
7](#section-iii-market-sector-structure-and-trends)

[III.1. Retail Food Sector 7](#iii.1.-retail-food-sector)

[III.2. Food Processing Sector 8](#iii.2.-food-processing-sector)

[III.3. HRI Food Service 8](#iii.3.-hri-food-service)

[Section IV: Best High-Value Product Prospects
9](#section-iv-best-high-value-product-prospects)

[Section V: Key Contacts and Further Information
9](#section-v-key-contacts-and-further-information)

[Important Regulatory and Governmental Contacts
14](#important-regulatory-and-governmental-contacts)

[Appendix I. Statistics 16](#appendix-i.-statistics)

[Table A. Key Trade and Demographic Information
16](#table-a.-key-trade-and-demographic-information)

[Table B. Consumer Food and Edible Fishery Products
17](#table-b.-consumer-food-and-edible-fishery-products)

[Turkey Imports 17](#turkey-imports)

[Table C.1 CONSUMER-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL TOTAL
18](#table-c.1-consumer-oriented-agricultural-total)

[Table C.2 Turkey Top 10 Ranking of Fish & Seafood Product Exporters
18](#table-c.2-turkey-top-10-ranking-of-fish-seafood-product-exporters)

#   {#section .unnumbered}

# SECTION I. Market Overview

## I.1. Economic Situation

Economic growth has definitely returned to Turkey. After suffering a
financial crisis and recession in 2001, the economy grew by 7.8% in
2002, nearly 6% in 2003 and 12 % in the first quarter of 2004.
Initially, growth was driven predominantly by export-led production.
Currently, there are also indications of an increase in domestic demand.
Unemployment, however, remains high at over 10 percent. Nonetheless,
economic growth it is driving growth in some food and agricultural
sub-sectors such as fast food, catering, and yarn and textile
production.

Turkey's economy -- as its culture - is a blend of both the modern and
traditional. Turkey has a vibrant private sector although the government
still plays a major role in many areas including transportation,
communication and agriculture. Agriculture accounts for approximately 12
percent of GNP while up to 40 percent of the population is engaged in
agriculture activities. The industrial and service sectors account for
24 and 64 percent of GNP respectively, at current prices. The food and
beverage sector accounts for over 10 percent of the manufacturing
industry. The textile and apparel industry continues to be one of
Turkey's most important sectors. Turkey's food processing sector is well
developed, although it suffers somewhat from high input prices due to
policies that raise some commodity prices well above the world price.
These industries also enjoy significant tariff and non-tariff protection
from import competition.

The EU is Turkey's main market accounting for about 50 percent of all
exports. In 2003, Turkey exported USD 47 billion worth of goods, mainly
consumer and semi-manufactured products. Turkey exported about USD 3.8
billion in agricultural products in 2002 with about 45 percent going to
the European Union. Turkey's main agricultural exports are fresh fruits,
vegetables, tree nuts (mainly hazelnuts and pistachios), dried fruits
(mainly raisins, apricots and figs), cereal products (mainly wheat flour
and pasta), olive oil, tobacco and tomato paste.

In 2002, Turkey imported about USD 3.4 billion in agricultural products,
up over 20 percent from 2001. 2003 figures, while currently unavailable,
are expected to reflect another increase. The United States is the
largest single exporter of agricultural products to Turkey with a market
share of over 20 percent. One-third of all U.S. exports to Turkey are
agricultural products. Turkey's main agricultural imports include
cotton, soybeans, soybean meal, vegetable oils, tobacco, corn, tallow,
and rice. In 2003, U.S. food and agricultural exports to Turkey reached
a record of over USD 900 million, after falling below USD 600 million
due to the economic crisis in 2001. In 2004 U.S. exports are at a pace
to break that record as well.

U.S. agriculture exports have benefited significantly from Turkey's
return to economic growth. The United States supplies predominantly bulk
commodities, which are key inputs to many of Turkey's important
industries.

## I.2. Demographic Developments

Turkey has a population of about 71 million with an annual growth rate
of 1.48 percent. Fifty percent of Turkey's population is under the age
25. Over the past 30 years, Turkey's population has shifted to urban
areas, however 40 percent of all Turks still live in rural settings.
Unemployment continues to be a serious problem, running over 10 percent.
Women constitute a significant and increasing share of the workforce
which is also driving trends towards convenience foods.

## I.3. Consumer Buying Habits

Turkey has a food market approaching 25 billion and its retail food
sector continues to grow and modernize. However, only a small segment of
the population can afford to shop in modern retail outlets. Although
some supermarkets and hypermarkets exist in large cities such as
Istanbul, Izmir and Ankara, the majority of Turks continue to buy food
products from small, specialized neighborhood outlets. The vast majority
of products available are produced locally using local ingredients, and
while Turkish consumers spend close to 50 percent of their income on
food, much of it is non-processed.

## I.4. The market for U.S. products 

Historically, export opportunities have been better for U.S. bulk
commodities such as soybeans, soybean meal, vegetable oils, corn and
cotton than for high-valued products. High tariffs, non-tariff barriers
and competition from domestic industries and Europe has limited U.S.
access to this market U.S. processed food exports to Turkey include
condiments and Tex-Mex products.

The following is a summary of the advantages and challenges facing U.S.
exporters in Turkey.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Advantages**                      **Challenges**
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  Change in retailing structure has   It is hard to compete with locally
  opened new areas for branded import produced items. The Customs Union
  items.                              with the EU created an advantage
                                      for EU imports to Turkey.

  Some U.S. products (mainly bulk and There is significant tariff and
  intermediate commodities) are       non-tariff protection for locally
  better priced than local products.  produced foods and agricultural
                                      products.

  U.S. products have a good image in  There are high import duties on
  Turkey and Turkish consumers        particular products. (Between 12%
  welcome U.S. tastes.                to 240% on bulk agricultural
                                      commodity products and 6% to 140%
                                      on processed food products)

  International retailers who market  There is a well‑developed local
  a wide range of imported products   food‑processing sector supplying
  in the sector have great influence  most product segments in the
  on purchasing patterns.             marketplace.

  There is a growing demand for       US food products are weakly
  specialized products such as        promoted in Turkey. Competition for
  diabetic and diet foods,            shelf space has led to high costs
  ready‑to‑eat foods and frozen food, for introducing new products.
  which are mostly imported.          
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

# SECTION II: Exporter Business Tips

## II.1. Local Business Customs/Practices

A visitor to Turkey can see the 'modern', the 'ancient' and the
'traditional' all wrapped into one as East literally meets West.
Business practices in Turkey can be considered very 'Western' or
'European' on the surface, but important cultural complexities exist.
For those who plan on working in, or supplying to this market, it is
advisable to read up on modern Turkish culture and business practices.

Personal contact is still very important for most if not all business
transactions. In addition to building trust in relationships,
establishing a personal relationship with the importer can assist the
exporter in meeting the sometimes-daunting documentation requirements.
Many importers and distributors prefer direct contacts with suppliers
and exporters as there is a feeling that agents and middlemen complicate
transactions, lower profits and provide more competition by selling to
others.

In general, Turks are usually not as direct as Americans. They generally
avoid confrontation.

Criticism is often approached in an indirect manner.

Many importers and distributors also like to identify and import unique
products that are not currently available on the market. Non-responsive
agents who have been assigned to the region by large food manufacturers
have frustrated a number of importers in Turkey.

## II.2. Consumer Tastes and Preferences

On one hand, Turkish tastes and preferences are very conservative.
Fast-food restaurants, as well as most Turkish restaurants, specialize
in traditional dishes, the most common of which is kebabs (of which
there are several varieties) served with french fries and bulgur or
rice. Outside of Istanbul and Ankara, or the tourist destinations of
Izmir, Antalya and Bodrum, it is hard to find any foreign influence in
the cuisine. On the other hand, the demographics in Turkey are driving
many changes. Turkey has a large and young population with rising income
levels (especially in urban areas). Increased foreign travel by Turks
and by tourists to Turkey is also stimulating significant changes in the
attitudes and consumption patterns. Moreover, rapid urbanization and the
growing numbers of two-income families are increasing the demand for
processed foods.

Consumer expectations have also changed significantly. Faced with an
increasingly diverse range of products, quality and price, consumers
have become more demanding. In response to changing consumer
expectations, large food retailers, especially international companies,
are demanding higher quality standards from Turkish food manufacturers,
which has led to new investments and improvements within the processing
sector. Consumers in larger cities are more aware of international
trends, have higher disposable incomes, and have automobiles to reach
large warehouse‑sized stores. Middle and upper‑middle income shoppers
are drawn to larger stores, especially if they provide imported and
specialty items.

The rapid change in consumption patterns has led Turkish food processors
to invest in ready-to-eat meals and frozen food products as well. There
are about twenty companies that are in the frozen food and ready-to-eat
meal market today with many diverse products. One of the biggest canned
tomato paste manufacturers is planning to invest in the production of
ready-to-eat meals.

## II.3. Food Standards & Regulations 

On May 27, 2004, Turkey published a new law entitled the Law on the
Production, Consumption and Inspection of Food. This is a framework law
for the harmonization of Turkish food regulations with relevant EU
regulations. As this is a framework law, regulations pertaining to its
implementation will be forthcoming in the near future.

In addition to the May 27 Food Law, the Turkish food industry and food
imports are primarily regulated by three related laws and regulations:
the June 24, 1995 Turkish Food Law; the November 16, 1997 Turkish Food
Codex and the June 8, 1998 Food Regulation. In recent years, according
to the National Program for Harmonization, the GOT has been updating
significant portions of the Codex to comply with EU regulations by
publishing changes in the Official Gazette. The current Turkish Food
Codex is available at [www.kkgm.gov.tr](http://www.kkgm.gov.tr/) Advance
notifications of such changes are not normally provided to foreign
governments.

The May 27, 2004 Law on the Production, Consumption and Inspection of
Food provides a new framework for developing and implementing changes to
specific standards such as the Turkish Food Codex. The objective is the
complete harmonization with EU regulations, and ultimately all of these
regulations will be reviewed by the EU Commission itself. This law calls
for the creation of a yet-to-be established National Food Codex
Commission whose responsibility will be to prepare, review and approve
all changes to the Turkish Codex, including those changes that take
place through EU harmonization. The Commission consists of two members
from the Agriculture Ministry, one from Ministry of Health, two
scientists with expertise on food (one assigned by Min. Ag and one from
Min. Health), on member from the Turkish Standards Institute, and one
member from a non-governmental organization.

The establishment of the National Food Codex Commission is expected to
be delayed several months. The current interpretation of the new food
law is that all pending changes to the Turkish Food Codex will be
postponed until the commission is formed. The 1998 Food Regulation which
pertains heavily to import/export and domestic inspection will be
completely changed to harmonize with EU regulations. The new food law
also introduces new concepts to Turkish food law, such as "Precautionary
Measures" and "Traceability".

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), General
Directorate of Protection and Control (GDPC), has primary responsibility
for production, import, and food safety issues regarding food,
beverages, packaging material, veterinary products, feed and pesticide
products. The General Directorate of Protection and Control has also
recently obtained control over regulating the broad range of nutritional
and dietary supplements.

All packaged products are required to have a license (registration)
number issued by the Directorate after reviewing the results of
laboratory tests on the product. The license number is valid for ten
years and generally takes about two weeks to obtain. In addition to a
laboratory analysis at the time of registration, the law requires
products be inspected at the point of entry, wholesale and retail
levels. The import process for each product culminates in the issuance
(or not) of an import permit, or license. In Turkish this is called a
\"Kontrol Belgesi\", or control document. For processed products, these
licenses are required on each shipment and expire, in some cases, after
six months. While these are intended to be health control documents,
these import permits are often denied or delayed for technical and
political reasons (as in the case of wheat, rice and corn).

While many U.S. foods are imported into Turkey without problems, some
U.S. companies have had problems complying with Turkish requirements for
certifications which are not normally issued in the United States.
Requirements and standards for some imported foods may be stricter than
those currently applied to domestically produced products. The General
Directorate of Protection and Control has a somewhat conservative
approach to regulating imports of food and agricultural products. Strict
and often-changing technical requirements for processed foods are
intended to protect consumers and 'strategic' or 'national' products.
For bulk agricultural commodities, seasonal import bans are enforced
through the system of import licensing (and high tariffs) to protect
domestic producers.

For a more detailed description of Turkey's food regulatory system,
please refer to FAS Food and Agricultural Import Regulations Report
TU4025 available on the FAS website [www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

## II.4. Import Process

In order to import any food product to Turkey, an importer must first
submit a written application to the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture
(MARA), General Directorate of Protection and Control. Attached to the
application letter must be the following documents:

1\. A completed import permit form obtained from MARA/Protection and
Control;

2\. A Proforma Invoice;

3\. An Analysis Report providing physical, chemical, microbiological and
heavy metal specifications of the product imported. Frozen seafood is
exempt from this requirement. A dioxin-free certificate is also required
from all countries.

4\. For consumer-ready products, a sanitary or phytosanitary certificate
from a government food inspection agency of the country of origin
stating that the product meets the phytosanitary requirements of the
importing country, is fit for human consumption and is freely marketed
in the country of origin;

5\. A sample of the Turkish label for the product.

6\. For alcohol products, a "distribution certificate" provided by the
producer's company to the importer and/or distributor indicating that
the Turkish company is authorized to market and deliver the product in
Turkey;

7\. For "special" foods such as diet foods, foods for diabetics,
vitamins, baby foods, etc. the importer must provide a written
declaration that he will not advertise the foodstuff in such a way as to
mislead the consumer.

The importer will normally receive written approval along with an import
permit from the Ministry of Agriculture within one or two weeks.

## II.5. Customs Process

Importers need to present an approved import license, bill of lading,
certificate of origin, sanitary or phyto-sanitary certificate, the
analysis report (physical, chemical, etc.) and other standard import
documents to Customs upon entry of the product. The Ministry of
Agriculture officials take samples for testing to confirm the analysis
report with results generally available in two to three days. Bulk or
semi-processed commodities are subject to further checks for compliance
with either the plant quarantine law or the animal health law.

# Section III: Market Sector Structure and Trends

## III.1. Retail Food Sector 

Although the number of large retail outlets in Turkey is growing, the
majority of consumers do not shop in these stores due to low incomes and
high prices. Industry sources estimate that only five to seven million
people do the majority of their shopping in modern retail outlets. Food
prices in Turkey, especially for imported processed goods, are extremely
high. For example, beef prices are higher in Turkey than they are in
Switzerland. High tariff protection applies to processed food products
with tariffs ranging up to 227.5 percent. The average per capita income
in Turkey is about US\$ 3,300 per year (2003), which significantly
limits the purchasing power of the majority of Turks.

The structure of the retail sector is significantly influenced by the
type of food consumed by the majority of the population. For low-income
groups, it is estimated that 55 percent of the diet is made up of bread
with additional 15 percent made up of rice, potatoes and pasta products.
For the entire population, processed foods make up only about 15 to 20
percent of consumption. Thus, the share of hypermarkets in the overall
food retail market is still low but increasing gradually. Industry
sources estimate that hypermarkets controlled approximately 9.5 percent
of the retail market in 2002, up from 6.5 percent in 1999. This share is
expected to reach 12 percent by the end of 2004. For a more detailed
description of Turkey's retail food market, please refer to FAS Ankara
Report TU4005 available on the FAS website
[www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

## III.2. Food Processing Sector

Turkey, with its rich agricultural base, has a highly developed
food‑processing industry. According to the 1998 census there are over
24,000 food-processing firms in Turkey. Most are small to medium sized
enterprises. About 4,000 of these firms use modern technology for
production and quality control.

In 2003 processed food expenditures were estimated at \$23 billion up
from \$18.7 billion in 2000 due to improved economic conditions
following a financial crisis and recession in 2000 and 2001. As result
of improved economical conditions, all the major local holding companies
are investing in the food processing sector. A rapid growth is foreseen
in production of various food items like dairy products namely milk,
yogurt, cheese and ice cream and also, biscuits and fruit juices.
Despite the increases in last two years annual expenditures on processed
food items still only amounts to about USD 325 per person.

Large food processors prefer to purchase locally or import their food
supplies directly most of the time. However, small to medium sized
processors get in contact with importers, brokers, and/or wholesalers.
Often times, an importer also acts as a wholesaler.

For a more detailed description of Turkey's food processing sector,
please refer to FAS Ankara Report TU2047 available on the FAS website
[www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

### III.3. HRI Food Service

The changing demographics in Turkey continue to bring rapid development
of two niche sectors -- fast-food and institutional food service.

There are about 50,000 restaurants in Turkey. Restaurants comprise the
leading market segment in the food service sector, accounting in 2001
for 44% of total food service sales ‑ 85% in food and 15% in beverages.
It is a large category covering all outlets from traditional kebab &
pide (similar to pizza) houses to luxurious restaurants offering a wide
variety of international dishes.

Luxury restaurants comprise the main market for imported food &
beverages, but only 5-10% of the total restaurant market. Traditional
restaurants, which are open for lunch as well as dinner and often serve
wine, beer and alcohol, are estimated to have over fifty percent of
total restaurant sales. Their use of imported food & beverages is
negligible, as high prices (as a result of high tariffs) are a major
deterrent to most independent restauranteurs. Fast-food restaurants
comprise the remainder of the restaurant sector, and can be divided into
two main sub sectors - modern and traditional. Traditional fast food
comprises of small take-out restaurants specializing in kebabs and other
local dishes that are sold at low prices for stand-up or take away
customers. The modern fast-food sector is comprised of McDonalds and
other international and local chains serving salads, sandwiches,
hamburgers, chicken and pizza. This sub sector is located predominantly
in larger urban areas. An average 10% growth rate is expected in
restaurant food service for the next five years.

Foreign restaurants procure their imported items either through
importers or wholesalers. A few international chains, like TGI Fridays,
import directly. The main import items are wine, beer, fish products,
specialty cheeses, sauces and pastry, and staple items like corn, rice,
etc. when domestic supplies are not appropriate.

Fast food chains are a relatively new concept in Turkey having begun
only 16 years ago. Turkey\'s fast food market showed a remarkable
recovery in terms of total sales following the 2001 crisis and is
expected to reach USD 1.2 billion at the end of 2004 compared to USD 600
million in 2001. The sector is expected to continue to grow about
fifteen percent in 2005. Some new chains are getting ready to operate in
Turkey but currently there are 22 fast food chains with a total of 650
outlets. The great majority (about 75%) of them are located in big
cities.

In the 1980s, institutional food services began emerging in Turkey to
supply food to cafeterias in factories, schools, hospitals, private
companies, and public sector organizations.

The institutional food service sector developed rapidly in recent years
particularly after the Turkish army started out-sourcing its meal needs.
The total size of the sector for 2004 is estimated about USD 5 billion
compared to USD 3 billion in 2003. There are about 3,000 food service
enterprises in Istanbul alone and the total for Turkey is estimated to
be more than 5,000.

The hotel sector has estimated to have 20% market share of total food
service sales. The hotel sector grew about 20 percent per year parallel
to the growth in the tourism industry between 2001-2004. Tourism sector
income is expected to reach USD 15 at the end of 2004 compared to USD 10
billion in 2001.

For more information on this sector, please refer to FAS Ankara report
TU2012 available at the FAS website [www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

# Section IV: Best High-Value Product Prospects

The best high-valued products for the imported food market (retail) are
internationally recognized branded food products. These types of
products in general accounted for 30 percent of overall imported food
products. These include cocoa and instant coffee, chocolate and
confectionary goods, cookies and crackers, breakfast cereal, cheese,
alcoholic beverages, sauces and pet foods. The change in wine and beer
import and distribution regulations now allows imported products to be
sold in the retail market which created new opportunities for US wine
and beer to sold in the Turkish market.

# Section V: Key Contacts and Further Information

+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| **Organization**  | **Contact  | **Address**     | **P    | **Fax** |
|                   | Name**     |                 | hone** |         |
+===================+============+=================+========+=========+
| The Union of      | Mr. Rifat  | Ataturk Bulvari | 9      | 90-312- |
| Chambers of       | Hisa       | 149             | 0-312- |         |
| Commerce,         | rciklioglu |                 |        | 4       |
| Industry,         |            | Bakanliklar     | 413    | 18-3268 |
| Maritime Trade    | Chairman   |                 | 8000   |         |
| And Commodity     |            | Ankara, Turkey  |        |         |
| Exchanges of      |            |                 | 9      |         |
| Turkey/ *Turkiye  |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
| Odalar ve         |            |                 |        |         |
| Borsalar Birligi  |            |                 | 41     |         |
| (TOBB)*           |            |                 | 3-8022 |         |
|                   |            |                 | (d     |         |
|                   |            |                 | irect) |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Ankara Chamber of | Mr. Sinan  | Eskisehir Yolu  | 9      | 90-312- |
| Commerce /        | Aygun      | Uzeri, II.      | 0-312- |         |
| *Ankara Ticaret   |            | Cadde No.5      |        | 2       |
| Odasi*            |            |                 | 28     | 86-2764 |
|                   |            | 06530 Sogutozu  | 5-7950 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 28     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 5-7954 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Ankara Chamber of | Mr. Zafer  | Ataturk Bulvari | 9      | 90-312- |
| Industry/ *Ankara | Caglayan   | 193/4           | 0-312- |         |
| Sanayi Odasi*     |            |                 |        | 4       |
|                   |            | 06680           | 41     | 17-2060 |
|                   |            | Kavaklidere     | 7-1200 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 90-312- |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-312- | 4       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 17-5205 |
|                   |            |                 | 41     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 7-1204 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of Marine | Mr. Metin  | Meclisi Mebusan | 9      | 90-212- |
| Trade/ *Deniz     | Kalkavan   | Cad., 22        | 0-212- |         |
| Ticaret Odasi*    |            |                 |        | 2       |
|                   |            | 34427           | 25     | 93-7935 |
|                   |            | Salipazari      | 2-0130 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 90-212- |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | pbx    |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 43-5498 |
|                   |            |                 |        | (       |
|                   |            |                 |        | direct) |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Istanbul Chamber  | Mr. Tanil  | Mesrutiyet      | 9      | 90-212- |
| of Industry /     | Kucuk      | Cad., 118,      | 0-212- |         |
| *Istanbul Sanayi  |            | 34430           |        | 2       |
| Odasi*            | Chairman   |                 | 25     | 49-3963 |
|                   |            | Tepebasi        | 2-2900 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 9       |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | pbx    | 0-212-2 |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        | 49-5084 |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Istanbul Chamber  | Mr. Mehmet | Resadiye Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| of Commerce /     | Yildirim   |                 | 0-212- |         |
| *Istanbul Ticaret |            | 34112, Eminonu  |        | 5       |
| Odasi*            | Chairman   |                 | 45     | 13-1565 |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 5-6000 |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Aegean Chamber of | Mr. Kemal  | Cumhuriyet      | 9      | 90-232- |
| Industry / *Ege   | Colakoglu  | Bulvari 63      | 0-232- |         |
| Bolgesi Sanayi    |            |                 |        | 4       |
| Odasi*            | Assembly   | 35210 Pasaport  | 44     | 83-9937 |
|                   | President  |                 | 1-0909 |         |
|                   |            | Izmir, Turkey   |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| SET-BIR (Union Of | Melek Us,  | Coban Yildizi   | 90-    | 9       |
| Dairy Producers)  | Secretary  | Sok. No:1/ 14   | 312-42 | 0-312-4 |
|                   | General    | Cankaya,        | 8-4774 | 28-4746 |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 90-    |         |
|                   |            |                 | 312-42 |         |
|                   |            |                 | 8-4775 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| BESD-BIR (Union   | Kemal      | Cetin Emec      | 90-    | 9       |
| of Poultry        | Akman,     | Blv.,           | 312-47 | 0-312-4 |
| Producers)        | Chairman   |                 | 2-7788 | 72-7789 |
|                   |            | 8\. Cad.        |        |         |
|                   |            | No.4/6,         |        |         |
|                   |            | Ovecler, Ankara |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Flour     | Mr. Ilker  | Selanik Cad.    | 9      | 9       |
| Millers           | Tanik,     | No. 82/30,      | 0-312- | 0-312-4 |
| Association/      | Secretary  | Kizilay, Ankara | 41     | 17-5358 |
| *Turkiye Un       | General    |                 | 7-5357 |         |
| Sanayicileri      |            |                 |        |         |
| Birligi*          |            |                 |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Feed      | Mr. Ulku   | Cetin Emec      | 90-    | 9       |
| Millers           | Karakus,   | Blv.,           | 312-47 | 0-312-4 |
| Association/      | President  |                 | 2-8320 | 72-8323 |
| *Turkiye Yem      |            | 2\. Cad.,       |        |         |
| Sanayicileri      |            | No.38/7,        |        |         |
| Birligi*          |            | Ovecler,        |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Dikmen-Ankara   |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Seed      | Mr. Ayhan  | Mithatpasa Cad. | 90-    | 9       |
| Industry          | Elci,      | 50/4            | 312-43 | 0-312-4 |
| Association/      | Secretary  |                 | 2-0050 | 32-0050 |
| *Turkiye          | General    | Fazilet Apt.    |        |         |
| Tohumcular        |            | 06420           | 90-    |         |
| Birligi*          |            | Yenisehir,      | 312-43 |         |
|                   |            | Ankara          | 2-2650 |         |
|                   |            |                 | (d     |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | irect) |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Union of Pasta    | Mr. Ergin  | Cinnah Cad. No. | 90-    | 9       |
| Producers/        | Erzurumlu, | 59/5, Cankaya,  | 312-44 | 0-312-4 |
| *Makarna          | Secretary  | Ankara          | 1-5547 | 38-3433 |
| Sanayicileri      | General    |                 |        |         |
| Dernegi*          |            |                 |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Foreign Economic  | Mr. Rifat  | Top Plaza       | 9      | 90-212- |
| Relations Board / | Hisa       | Talatpasa Cad., | 0-212- |         |
| *Dis Ekonomik     | rciklioglu | No.3, Gultepe   |        | 2       |
| Iliskiler         |            |                 | 24     | 43-4184 |
| Kurulu - DEIK*    | Chairman   | Levent          | 3-4180 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish-American  | Mr. Zeynel | Buyukdere Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Business          | Abidin     | Tankaya Apt.,   | 0-212- |         |
| Association /     | Erdem      | No.18, Kat:7,   |        | 2       |
| *Turk-Amerikan    |            | Daire:20,       | 29     | 91-0645 |
| Isadamlari        | Chairman   |                 | 1-0916 |         |
| Dernegi*          |            | Sisli, 34360    |        | 90-212- |
|                   |            |                 | 9      |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,Turkey | 0-212- | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 91-0647 |
|                   |            |                 | 29     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 1-0917 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish           | Mr. Omer   | Mesrutiyet      | 9      | 9       |
| Industrialists    | Sabanci    | Cad., No.74     | 0-212- | 0-212-2 |
| and Businessmen   |            |                 |        | 49-0913 |
| Assn./ *Turk      | Chairman   | 80050 Tepebasi  | 24     |         |
| Sanayicileri ve   |            |                 | 9-5448 | 90-212- |
| Isadamlari        |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
| Dernegi- TUSIAD*  |            | Turkey          | 9      | 2       |
|                   |            |                 | 0-212- | 49-1350 |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 24     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9-0723 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-212- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 24     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9-1929 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Assn. Of Bursa    | Mr. Ali    | Kultur Park Ici | 9      | 90-224- |
| Industrialists &  | Ihsan      |                 | 0-224- |         |
| Businessmen /     | Yesilova   | Arkeoloji       |        | 2       |
| *Bursa Sanayici   |            | Muzesi Yani,    | 23     | 35-2350 |
| ve Isadamlari     |            | 16050           | 3-5018 |         |
| Dernegi- BUSIAD*  |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Bursa, Turkey   |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Assn. Of Foreign  | Mr. Saban  | Barbaros        | 9      | 90-212  |
| Capital           | Erdikler   | Bulvari         | 0-212- |         |
| Coordination /    |            | Murbasan Sok.,  |        | 2       |
| *Yabanci Sermaye  | Chairman   | Koza Is Merkezi | 27     | 74-6664 |
| Koordinasyon      |            |                 | 2-5094 |         |
| Dernegi-YASED*    |            | B-Blok, Kat:1   |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | 34349 Besiktas  |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Independent       | Dr. Onder  | Mecidiye Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Industrialists    | Bolat      | No.7/50         | 0-212- |         |
| and Businessmen's |            |                 |        | 2       |
| Assn./ *Mustakil  | Chairman   | Cansizoglu Is   | 213    | 13-7890 |
| Sanayici ve       |            | Merkezi, 34387, | -6100/ |         |
| Isadamlari        |            | Mecidiyekoy,    | 2      | 90-212- |
| Dernegi -MUSIAD*  |            | Sisli           | lines  |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 2       |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        | 16-0142 |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| The Banks         | Mr. Ersin  | Nispetiye Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Association of    | Ozince     | Akmerkez B3     | 0-212- |         |
| Turkey / *Turkiye |            | Blok, Kat:13-14 |        | 2       |
| Bankalar Birligi* | Chairman   |                 | 28     | 82-0946 |
|                   |            | 80630 Etiler    | 2-0973 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 90-212- |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 9      |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 0-212- | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 82-0947 |
|                   |            |                 | 28     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 2-0988 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish           | Mr. Halil  | Meclisi Mebusan | 9      | 90-212- |
| Industrial        | Eroglu     | Cad., 161       | 0-212- |         |
| Development Bank  |            |                 |        | 3       |
| / *Turkiye Sinai  | Chairman   | 34427 Findikli  | 33     | 34-5088 |
| Kalkinma Bankas   |            |                 | 4-5050 |         |
| A.S.i-TSKB*       |            | Istanbul,       |        | and     |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 43-2975 |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Union of Turkish  | Mr. Semsi  | GMK Bulvari     | 9      | 90-312- |
| Agricultural      | Bayraktar  |                 | 0-312- |         |
| Chambers /        |            | No:25           |        | 2       |
| *Turkiye Ziraat   | Chairman   |                 | 23     | 31-7627 |
| Odalari Birligi*  |            | Demirtepe       | 1-6300 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of        | Mr. Gokhan | Karanfil Sok.,  | 9      | 90-312- |
| Agricultural      | Gunaydin   | 28/12 Kizilay   | 0-312- |         |
| Engineers /       |            |                 |        | 4       |
| *Ziraat           | President  | Ankara, Turkey  | 41     | 18-5198 |
| Muhendisleri      |            |                 | 8-5597 |         |
| Odasi*            |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 42     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 5-0555 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of Forest | Mr.Ali     | Necatibey Cad., | 9      | 90-312- |
| Engineers /       | Kucukaydin |                 | 0-312- |         |
| *Orman            |            | 16/13, Sihhiye  |        | 2       |
| Muhendisleri      | Chairman   |                 | 22     | 29-8633 |
| Odasi*            |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 9-2009 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Market and Public | Mr. Ali    | Istiklal Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Opinion           | Danis      | Imam Adnan      | 0-212- |         |
| Researchers Assn. |            | Sok., Peva Han, |        | 2       |
| / *Pazarlama ve   | Chairman   | Kat:3, 34435    | 24     | 49-9956 |
| Kamuoyu           |            | Beyoglu         | 9-2319 |         |
| Arastirmacilari   | Ms.Jale    |                 |        |         |
| Dernegi*          | Elhadef    | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
|                   | C          |                 |        |         |
|                   | oordinator |                 |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Advertising Firms | Mr. Jeffi  | Istiklal Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Association /     | Medina     | No.407, Kat;4,  | 0-212- |         |
| Reklamcilar       |            | Beyoglu         |        | 2       |
| Dernegi           | President  |                 | 24     | 43-9370 |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 3-9363 |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Advertisers       | Ms. Dilek  | Ali Nihat       | 9      | 90-216- |
| Association /     | Erkey      | Tarlan cad.,    | 0-216- |         |
| *Reklam Verenler  |            | Karaman Sok.,   |        | 3       |
| Dernegi*          | President  | Hofman Is       | 36     | 61-4429 |
|                   |            | Plaza, No:2/15, | 1-4452 |         |
|                   |            | Kat:7           |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | 34744 Bostanci  |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Food Importers    | Ms.        | Buyukdere Cad.  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Association /     | Melahat    | No:65/13 Soner  | 0-212- |         |
| *Tum Gida         | Ozkan      | Apt. Kat:5      |        | 3       |
| Ithalatcilari     |            | Mecidiyekoy,    | 27     | 47-2570 |
| Dernegi-TUGIDER*  | Secretary  | Istanbul        | 4-3265 |         |
|                   | General    |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Beverage          | Mr. Ismail | Bedri Rahmi     | 9      | 90-216- |
| Producers         | Sayit      | Eyuboglu Sok.,  | 0-216- |         |
| Association /     |            | Derya Apt.,     |        | 3       |
| *Mesrubatcilar    | President  | No.3, Kat:6,    | 34     | 48-1029 |
| Dernegi*          |            | 34726, Kalamis  | 5-9915 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 9      |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 0-216- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 34     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 8-3616 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish           | Mr. Mahir  | Ergenekon Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Franchising       | Saranga    | Pangalti Is     | 0-212- |         |
| Association /     |            | Merkezi, 89/15  |        | 2       |
| *Ulusal           |            | Kat: 3,         | 29     | 19-0564 |
| Franchising       |            |                 | 6-6628 |         |
| Dernegi*-*UFRAD*  |            | 80240 Pangalti, |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Paper and Paper   | Mr. Erdal  | Buyukdere Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Pulp              | Sukan      | Cinar Apt.,     | 0-212- |         |
| Industrialists    |            | No95, Kat:3,    |        | 2       |
| Foundation /      | President  | D:11-12         | 27     | 17-8888 |
| *Seluloz ve Kagit |            |                 | 5-1389 |         |
| Sanayicileri      |            | Mecidiyekoy     |        |         |
| Vakfi*            |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Textile Research  | Mr. Celal  | Millet Cad.,    | 9      | 90-212- |
| / *Tekstil        | Yuksel     | Sule Apt.       | 0-212- |         |
| Arastirma         |            | No.35, Kat:3    |        | 6       |
| Dergisi*          | President  | 34300           | 58     | 32-7129 |
|                   |            | Findikzade,     | 8-4524 |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-212- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 58     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9-0179 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Clothing  | Mr. Umut   | Haydar Akin Is  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Manufacturers     | Oran       | Merkezi 2,      | 0-212- |         |
| Assn. / *Turkiye  |            | Mehmet Akif     |        | 4       |
| Giyim             | Chairman   | Cad., 1. Sok.,  | 63     | 51-6113 |
| Sanayicileri      |            | No.23, Kat:5    | 9-7656 |         |
| Dernegi*          |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Sirinevler      |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| International     | Mr. Cetin  | Nispetiye Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Overland          | Nuhoglu    | Seheryildizi    | 0-212- |         |
| Transporters      |            | Sok., No.10,    |        | 3       |
| Assn. /           | Chairman   | Etiler          | 35     | 59-2626 |
| *Uluslararasi     |            |                 | 9-2600 |         |
| Nakliyeciler      |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
| Birligi*          |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+

## Important Regulatory and Governmental Contacts

+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Prof. Dr. | Milli       | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Agriculture  | Sami      | Mudafa Cad. |             |             |
| and Rural    | Guclu,    | No.20,      | 419-8300    | 417-7168    |
| Affairs/     |           | Kizilay,    |             |             |
| *Tarim ve    | Minister  | Ankara      |             | (90-312)    |
| Koyisleri    |           |             |             |             |
| Bakanligi*   |           |             |             | 425-2868    |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Mehmet    | Milli       | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Agriculture  | Cagil,    | Mudafa Cad. |             |             |
| and Rural    | Under     | No.20,      | 425-2107    | 417-9247    |
| Affairs/     |           | Kizilay,    |             |             |
| *Tarim ve    | Secretary | Ankara      | (90-312)    |             |
| Koyisleri    |           |             |             |             |
| Bakanligi*   |           |             | 418-2486    |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| General      | Dr. Nihat | Akay Cad.   | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Directorate  | Pakdil,   |             |             |             |
| of           | Director  | No. 3,      | 425-7789    | 418-6318    |
| Protection   | General   | B           |             |             |
| and Control/ |           | akanliklar, | (90-312)    |             |
| *Koruma ve   |           | Ankara      |             |             |
| Kontrol      |           |             | 425-5196    |             |
| Genel        |           |             |             |             |
| Mudurlugu*   |           |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| General      | Huseyin   | Milli       | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Directorate  | Velioglu, | Mudafa Cad. |             |             |
| of           | Director  | No.20,      | 418-2059    | 425-2016    |
| Production   | General   | Kizilay,    |             |             |
| and          |           | Ankara      | 425-1211    |             |
| Development/ |           |             |             |             |
| *Uretim ve   |           |             |             |             |
| Gelistirme   |           |             |             |             |
| Genel        |           |             |             |             |
| Mudurlugu*   |           |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Turkish      | Nebi      | Milli       | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Grain Board/ | Celik,    | Mudafa Cad. |             |             |
| *Toprak      | Director  | No.18,      | 418-2316/   | 417-4702    |
| Mahsulleri   | General   | Kizilay,    | 17          |             |
| Ofisi*       |           | Ankara      |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Ali       | Eskisehir   | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Industry/    | Coskun,   | Yolu 7.Km., |             |             |
| Sanayi       | Minister  | No. 154,    | 286-0696    | 286-5325    |
| Bakanligi    |           | Ankara      |             |             |
|              |           |             | 286-2006    |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Under        | Tuncer    | Eskisehir   | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| secretariate | Kayalar,  | Yolu, Emek, |             |             |
| of Foreign   | Under     | Ankara      | 212-8742    | 212-8255    |
| Trade/ *Dis  | Secretary |             |             |             |
| Ticaret      |           |             |             |             |
| M            |           |             |             |             |
| ustesarligi* |           |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Under        | Ibrahim   | Eskisehir   | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| secretariate | Halil     | Yolu, Emek, |             |             |
| of Treasury/ | Canakci,  | Ankara      | 212-5745    | 212-2297    |
| *Hazine      | Under     |             |             |             |
| M            | Secretary |             | 212-8630    |             |
| ustesarligi* |           |             |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Osman     | Ataturk     | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Environment  | Pepe,     | Bulvari,    |             |             |
| & Forestry/  | Minister  |             | 425-4606    | 418-7354    |
| Cevre ve     |           | B           |             |             |
| *Orman       |           | akanliklar, | 425-2818    |             |
| Bakanligi*   |           | Ankara      |             |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Recep     | Sihhiye,    | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Health/      | Akdag,    |             |             |             |
| *Saglik      | Minister  | Ankara      | 430-6095 -  | 431-4879    |
| Bakanligi*   |           |             | 98          |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Ministry of  | Kemal     | Ilkadim     | (90-312)    | (90-312)    |
| Finance/     | Unakitan, | Cad. No. 2, |             |             |
| *Maliye      | Minister  | B           | 425-0080    | 425-0058    |
| Bakanligi*   |           | akanliklar, |             |             |
|              |           | Ankara      | 425-0023    |             |
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

#  Appendix I. Statistics

## Table A. Key Trade and Demographic Information

+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Agricultural Imports From All Countries USD   | \$3.4 Billion        |
|                                               |                      |
| U.S. Market Share (%): All data 2002 UN       | (25 percent)         |
| figures                                       |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Consumer Food Imports From All Countries USD  | \$416 million        |
|                                               |                      |
| U.S. Market Share (%) All data 2002 UN        | (4 percent)          |
| figures                                       |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Edible Fishery Imports From All Countries     | \$19 million         |
| (\$mln)                                       |                      |
|                                               | (2 percent)          |
| U.S. Market Share (%) All data 2002 UN        |                      |
| figures                                       |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Total Population / Annual Growth Rate (%)     | 70.9 Million /       |
|                                               | (1.58%)              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Urban Population / Annual Growth Rate (%)     | 44.09 Million /      |
|                                               | (2.68%)              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Number of Major Metropolitan Areas            | 7                    |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Size of the Middle Class / Growth Rate (%)    | 14 Million / (approx |
|                                               | 1%)                  |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Per Capita GNP 2003 (U.S. Dollars)            | \$3,380              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Unemployment Rate (%)                         | 10.5                 |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Per Capita Food Expenditures (USD)            | Approximately        |
|                                               | \$1,200              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Percent of Female Population Employed         | 27.2%                |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Current Exchange Rate (US\$1 = Turkish Lira)  | TL 1,495,307         |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+

## Table B. Consumer Food and Edible Fishery Products

**Note: Currently Trade Statistics from the World are not available.
This report will be updated once they become available.**

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><h1 id="turkey-imports">Turkey Imports</h1></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Imports from the World</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Imports from the U.S.</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>U.S Market Share</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>(In thousands of Dollars)</strong></td>
<td><strong>2001</strong></td>
<td><strong>2002</strong></td>
<td><strong>2003</strong></td>
<td><strong>2001</strong></td>
<td><strong>2002</strong></td>
<td><strong>2003</strong></td>
<td><strong>2001</strong></td>
<td><strong>2002</strong></td>
<td><strong>2003</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><strong>CONSUMER-ORIENTED</strong></p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURAL TOTAL</strong></p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Snack Foods (Excl. Nuts)</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>686</td>
<td>1,198</td>
<td>693</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Breakfast Cereals &amp; Pancake Mix</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>27</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>42</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Poultry Meat</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9,415</td>
<td>17,147</td>
<td>39,940</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Dairy Products (Excl. Cheese)</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>620</td>
<td>320</td>
<td>340</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Cheese</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Eggs &amp; Products</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>582</td>
<td>406</td>
<td>2,046</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Fresh Fruit</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Processed Fruit &amp; Vegetables</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>678</td>
<td>718</td>
<td>2,931</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Fruit &amp; Vegetable Juices</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Tree Nuts</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1,634</td>
<td>3,425</td>
<td>9,492</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Wine &amp; Beer</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Nursery Products &amp; Cut Flowers</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>6</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>113</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Pet Foods (Dog &amp; Cat Food)</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2,390</td>
<td>2,402</td>
<td>2,846</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Other Consumer-Oriented Products</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2,115</td>
<td>2,408</td>
<td>5,005</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>FISH &amp; SEAFOOD PRODUCTS</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Other Fishery Products</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><p><strong>Source: FAS' Global Agricultural Trade
System using data from the United Nations Statistical
Office</strong></p>
<p><strong>Note: U.S. Trade Data totals are higher due to transshipments
of poultry meat through the Mersin Free Zone.</strong></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

##  Table C.1 CONSUMER-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL TOTAL

+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
|                                           |        |        |        |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Turkey Imports- Top 15 Ranking**        | **     | **     | **     |
|                                           | 2000** | 2001** | 2002** |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
|                                           | **10   | **10   | **10   |
|                                           | 00\$** | 00\$** | 00\$** |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| # Germany                                 | 64,582 | 55,346 | 69,755 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Netherlands**                           | 53,271 | 37,805 | 48,670 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Ireland**                               | 5,905  | 21,514 | 45,596 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Italy**                                 | 23,184 | 17,787 | 24,604 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **France**                                | 42,334 | 19,294 | 24,111 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Ecuador**                               | 36,678 | 13,894 | 22,406 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **United States**                         | 15,408 | 13,696 | 16,941 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Spain**                                 | 15,432 | 14,232 | 15,862 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Denmark**                               | 15,712 | 12,461 | 15,534 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Cyprus**                                | 37     | 1,156  | 11,923 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **United Kingdom**                        | 18,590 | 13,279 | 11,482 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Switzerland**                           | 12,976 | 10,715 | 10,386 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Belgium**                               | 10,480 | 8,306  | 10,234 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Poland**                                | 3,442  | 6,675  | 8,223  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Austria**                               | 7,342  | 8,201  | 5,631  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Other**                                 | 85,070 | 49,618 | 74,908 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **World**                                 | 4      | 3      | 4      |
|                                           | 10,449 | 03,993 | 16,270 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
|                                           |        |        |        |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Source: United Nations Statistics       |        |        |        |
| Division**                                |        |        |        |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+

## Table C.2 Turkey Top 10 Ranking of Fish & Seafood Product Exporters

+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| #                                         | 2000   | 2001   | 2002   |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
|                                           | 1000\$ | 1000\$ | 1000\$ |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Norway**                                | 12,449 | 6,972  | 8,636  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Spain**                                 | 15,037 | 1,502  | 3,445  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Seychelles**                            | 158    | 537    | 1,449  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **France**                                | 3,585  | 814    | 1,275  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Ireland**                               | 0      | 5      | 835    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Mauritania**                            | 0      | 19     | 719    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Germany**                               | 53     | 19     | 423    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **India**                                 | 636    | 204    | 383    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Singapore**                             | 371    | 224    | 349    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **United States**                         | 108    | 3      | 307    |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **Other**                                 | 5,477  | 1,526  | 1,417  |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| **World**                                 | 37,874 | 11,831 | 19,235 |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| Source: United Nations Statistics         |        |        |        |
| Division                                  |        |        |        |
+-------------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+