**BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY**

**BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT**

**BNL-4 RUN**

**FINAL REPORT**

**Marcelo E. Vazquez**

**NASA-BNL Primary Liaison Scientist**

**June 1998**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

Executive Summary 3

Participants 5

Participants Statistics 6

Iron Run Dates 7

Beam Time Description 7

Gold Run Dates 8

Gold Run participants 8

Beam Characteristics 9

Experimenters and Run Statistics 10

Participants and Biological Samples 11

**EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**

During the spring of 1998, a series of radiobiological and physics
experiments were performed using the BNL's Alternating Gradient
Synchrotron to accelerate iron and gold ion beams (Experiment 919,
BNL-4). These experiments were part of NASA's Space Radiation Health
Program (SRHP) heavy ion radiobiology research program at BNL.

A total of 22 proposals were approved to participate in the BNL-4 run,
16 of which were returnees from 1997's BNL-3. Six groups were new
participants. From the total number 22 were full proposals and 1 was a
piggyback experiment. Twenty one institutions from United States, and 1
from Australia were represented, totaling 65 users. A total of 1183+
biological samples were irradiated at the AGS A-3 beam line, employing
84 hours of beam time. In addition, 35 hours were used for physics
experiments, and a total of 23 hours were necessary for beam
characterization, dosimetry, and calibration.

During BNL-4, AGS provided iron beams with two energies: 1 GeV/nucleon
(1.06 GeV/nucleon\*, LET: 148 keV/µm), and 0.6 GeV/nucleon (0.565
GeV/nucleon\*, LET: 177 keV/µm) for biology and physics experiments. The
dose/rates used were as low as 90 cGy/min and as high as 9 Gy/min for 1
GeV/nucleon, and from 45 cGy/min up to 10 Gy/min for 0.6 GeV/nucleon
iron beams. The spill rate employed was 30 spills/min with a duration of
500 msec/spill. The spill fluence was (particles/spill) 1.4 x 10^8^
(max) and 6.5 x 10^6^ (min) for 0.6 GeV/nucleon, and 1.67 x 10^8^ (max)
and 1.67 x 10^7^ (min) for 1 GeV/nucleon. The intensities
(particles/cm^2^/sec on target) used during the run were 5.88 x 10^5^
(max) and 2.65 x 10^4^ (min) for 0.6 GeV/nucleon, and 6.33 x 10^5^ (max)
and 6.33 x 10^4^ (min) for 1 GeV/nucleon. A 7.5-cm diameter beam spot
was employed for the exposures.

As a pilot run, AGS delivered gold beams with a nominal energy of 10.78
GeV/nucleon (LET: 1445 keV/µm) for a limited series of biological and
physics experiments. The dose/rate used was 0.15 Gy/min, the spill rate
employed was 20 spills/min, with a duration of 1 sec/spill. The spill
fluence was (particles/spill) 1.4 x 10^5^. The intensity
(particles/cm^2^/sec on target) used during the run was 1080. A 7.5-cm
diameter beam spot was employed for the exposures. A total of 24 hours
were used to expose biological samples and plastic detectors at the AGS
D-1 beam line, employing 8 hours for biology, 0.5 hour for physics, and
15.5 h for dosimetry and beam characterization.

Several improvements were implemented in the logistic support and
dosimetry system. Two new incubators were installed in the tissue
culture room at staging area. In support of the dosimetry system, a new
x-ray film developer was installed in the proximity of the staging area,
allowing for a quick turn-around to develop exposed x-ray films for beam
uniformity diagnostics. In addition, an extra workstation with a
flat-bed scanner and a computer was set up in the control room for the
densitometric analysis of the developed films. Finally, a phosphor
imager system was installed on the Beam line to allow for a real time
assessment of the iron beam uniformity.

Radiobiological experiments employed cells, tissues, and intact
specimens, which required a complex coordination and planning of their
respective logistic support. Biological studies used human, mouse, rat,
hamster and canine cell lines (25), human-hamster hybrid cell lines,
chick neural tissue (retina) and intact specimens (rodents). The full
program was completed in 8 days (180 hours) under the AGS's operation
schedule directives and with the allocated beam time dedicated for the
NASA radiobiology program.

\* Actual beam energy on target

**BNL-4 PARTICIPANTS**

+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| ** | **Parti   | **Affiliation**              | **Title**           |
| Ex | cipants** |                              |                     |
| p. |           |                              |                     |
| ** |           |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B  | J. Miller | Lawrence Berkeley National   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| -1 |           | Laboratory, CA               | Investigator        |
|    | L.        |                              |                     |
|    | Heilbronn | \"                           | Ph.D., Co-Principal |
|    |           |                              | Investigator Ph.D., |
|    | C.        | \"                           | Co-Worker           |
|    | Zeitlin   |                              |                     |
|    |           | \"                           | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
|    | R.P. Sigh |                              |                     |
|    |           | \"                           | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
|    | M. Nyman  |                              |                     |
|    |           | \"                           | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
|    | W. Holley |                              |                     |
|    |           | NASA, HDQ, Washington DC     | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
|    | W.        |                              |                     |
|    | Sch       |                              |                     |
|    | immerling |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B  | D. Chen   | Los Alamos National          | Ph.D., Principal    |
| -2 | \*        | Laboratory, NM               | Investigator        |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | T. Hei    | Columbia University, NY      | Ph.D., Co-W         |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B  | T.C. Yang | NASA, Johnson Space Flight   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| -3 | \*        | Center, TX                   | Investigator        |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | H. Wu     | Kelsey-Seybold Co., TX       | Co-Worker           |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | K. George | KRUG, TX                     | Co-Worker           |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | V.        | KRUG, TX                     | Co-Worker           |
|    | W         |                              |                     |
|    | illingham |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B  | B. Rabin  | University of Maryland       | Ph.D., Principal    |
| -7 |           | Baltimore County, MD         | Investigator        |
|    | J. Joseph |                              |                     |
|    |           | \"                           | Ph.D., Co-Principal |
|    | B.        |                              | Investigator        |
|    | Shu       | \"                           |                     |
|    | kitt-Hale |                              | Investigator        |
|    |           | \"                           |                     |
|    | J. McEwen |                              | Tech. Support       |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B  | B.        | Brookhaven National          | Ph.D., Principal    |
| -9 | S         | Laboratory, NY               | Investigator        |
|    | utherland |                              |                     |
|    |           | \"                           | MS., Biology        |
|    | P.        |                              | Associate.          |
|    | Bennett   | \"                           |                     |
|    |           |                              | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
|    | J.        | \"                           |                     |
|    | S         |                              | Co-Worker           |
|    | utherland | \"                           |                     |
|    |           |                              | Student, Co-Worker  |
|    | J. Trunk  | \"                           |                     |
|    |           |                              | Student, Co-Worker  |
|    | P. Snyder | Pacific Northwest National   |                     |
|    |           | Laboratory, WA               | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
|    | M.        |                              |                     |
|    | Leander   |                              |                     |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | N.        |                              |                     |
|    | Metting   |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | R.        | SRI International, CA        | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 10 | Winegar   |                              | Investigator        |
|    |           | U. of New South Wales,       |                     |
|    | L.        | Sidney, Australia            | Ph.D., Co-Principal |
|    | L         |                              | Investigator        |
|    | utze-Mann | SRI International, CA        |                     |
|    |           |                              | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
|    | P. Chang  |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | T. Hei    | Columbia University, NY      | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 12 |           |                              | Investigator        |
|    | C. Piao   | \"                           |                     |
|    |           |                              | Co-Worker           |
|    | R. Miller | \"                           |                     |
|    |           |                              | Co-Worker           |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | E.        | University of Maryland, MD   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 13 | B         |                              | Investigator        |
|    | -Kubiczek | \"                           |                     |
|    |           |                              | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
|    | G.        | \"                           |                     |
|    | Harrison  |                              | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | R. Ove    |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | N.        | Pacific Northwest National   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 14 | Metting   | Laboratory, WA               | Investigator        |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | B.        | Brookhaven National          | Ph.D.,              |
|    | S         | Laboratory, NY               | Co-Investigator     |
|    | utherland |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | C.        | Colorado State University,   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 15 | Waldren   | CO                           | Investigator        |
|    | \*        |                              |                     |
|    |           | \"                           | Co-Investigator     |
|    | M.        |                              |                     |
|    | Lenarczyk | Columbia University, NY      | Ph.D.,              |
|    |           |                              | Co-Investigator     |
|    | T. Hei    |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | P. Cooper | Lawrence Berkeley National   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 18 |           | Laboratory, CA               | Investigator        |
|    | B.        |                              |                     |
|    | Rydberg   | \"                           | Ph.D., Co-Principal |
|    |           |                              | Investigator        |
|    | E. Kwoh   | \"                           |                     |
|    |           |                              | Co-Investigator     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | A.        | Lawrence Berkeley National   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 19 | K         | Laboratory, CA               | Investigator        |
|    | ronenberg |                              |                     |
|    |           | \"                           | Post-Doctoral       |
|    | C. Wiese  |                              | Student             |
|    |           | \"                           |                     |
|    | S. Gauny  |                              | Senior Research     |
|    |           |                              | Associate           |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | A.        | Lawrence Berkeley National   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 20 | K         | Laboratory, CA               | Investigator        |
|    | ronenberg |                              |                     |
|    |           | University of California     | Ph.D., Co-Principal |
|    | A.        | Riverside, CA                | Investigator        |
|    | Grosovsky |                              |                     |
|    |           | Lawrence Berkeley National   | Post-Doctoral       |
|    | C. Wiese  | Laboratory, CA               | Student             |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | S. Gauny  | \"                           | Senior Research     |
|    |           |                              | Associate           |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | A. Brooks | Washington State University, | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 23 |           | WA                           | Investigator        |
|    | S. Bao    |                              |                     |
|    |           | \"                           | Co-Worker           |
|    | K.        |                              |                     |
|    | Rithidech | SUNY Stony Brook, NY         | Ph.D., Co-Worker    |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | T. Borak  | Colorado State University,   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 24 |           | CO                           | Investigator        |
|    | B. Gersey |                              |                     |
|    |           |                              | Student, Co-Worker  |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
|    |           |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| ** | **Parti   | **Institution**              | **Title**           |
| Ex | cipants** |                              |                     |
| p. |           |                              |                     |
| ** |           |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | H. Evans  | Case Western Reserve         | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 25 |           | University, OH               | Investigator        |
|    | J.        |                              |                     |
|    | Schwartz  | \"                           | Co-Investigator     |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | T. Evans  | \"                           | Assistant           |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | W. Morgan | University of California, CA | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 26 |           |                              | Investigator        |
|    | C. Limoli | \"                           |                     |
|    |           |                              | Ph.D., Co-Principal |
|    |           |                              | Investigator        |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | P. Kale   | Alabama Agricultural and     | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 30 |           | Mechanical U., AL            | Investigator        |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | Barce     | Lawrence Berkeley National   | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 31 | llos-Hoff | Laboratory, CA               | Investigator        |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | S. Ravani | \"                           | Assistant           |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | S. Costes | \"                           | Graduate Assistant  |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | J.        | NSBRI, John Hopkins          | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 32 | Dicello   | University, MD               | Investigator        |
|    |           |                              |                     |
|    | S. Howard | \"                           | MD\. Ph.D.,         |
|    |           |                              | Co-Worker           |
|    | J.        | \"                           |                     |
|    | Williams  |                              | Sc.D. Co-Worker     |
|    |           | \"                           |                     |
|    | J.        |                              | Ph.D. Co-Worker     |
|    | S         | \"                           |                     |
|    | trandberg |                              | DVM, Ph.D.,         |
|    |           | \"                           | Co-Worker           |
|    | D. Huso   |                              |                     |
|    |           |                              | M.D. Co-Worker      |
|    | Y. Zhang  |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | R. Sinden | NSBRI, John Hopkins          | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 33 |           | University, MD               | Investigator        |
|    | L. Braby  |                              |                     |
|    |           | \"                           | Ph.D., Co-Principal |
|    | J. Ford   |                              | Investigator        |
|    |           | \"                           |                     |
|    |           |                              | Research Associate  |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | J.        | Colorado State University    | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 34 | Bedford   |                              | Investigator        |
|    |           | Columbia University, NY      |                     |
|    | T. Hei    |                              | Ph.D., Co-Principal |
|    |           |                              | Investigator        |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+
| B- | T.        | Georgetown University        | Ph.D., Principal    |
| 35 | Jorgensen | Medical C., DC               | Investigator        |
|    |           |                              |                     |
| (\ |           |                              |                     |
| *) |           |                              |                     |
+----+-----------+------------------------------+---------------------+

> (\*) Piggyback experiment with B. Sutherland (B-9)

**PARTICIPANTS STATISTICS**

+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **PARTICIPANTS**                                  | **BNL-4**        |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Ph.D., Principal Investigators**                | **21**           |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Ph.D., Co-Principal Investigators**             | **7**            |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Co-Investigator, Investigator**                 | **4**            |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Co-Workers**                                    | **9**            |
|                                                   |                  |
| **Ph.D.**                                         | **9**            |
|                                                   |                  |
| **MD, Ph.D.**                                     | **1**            |
|                                                   |                  |
| **DVM, Ph.D.**                                    | **1**            |
|                                                   |                  |
| **M.D.**                                          | **1**            |
|                                                   |                  |
| **Sc.D.**                                         | **1**            |
|                                                   |                  |
| **Students**                                      | **3**            |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Post-Doctoral Students**                        | **1**            |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Research Associates**                           | **2**            |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Research Assistants**                           | **1**            |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Assistants**                                    | **3**            |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Technicians**                                   | **1**            |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| **Total:**                                        | **65**           |
+---------------------------------------------------+------------------+

**IRON RUN DATES**

  -------------------------- --------------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------
  **Run dates**              **Scheduled**              **Actual**              

                             **Date**        **Time**   **Date**     **Time**   

  **Run start**              **5/2**         **0800**   **5/4**      **0800**   

  **Run end**                **5/10**        **2400**   **5/11**     **2130**   

                                                                                

  **Tuned into cave**        **5/3**         **1600**   **5/3**      **1300**   

                                                                                

  **Beam delivered for                                                          
  Biology**                                                                     

  **Fe 1 GeV/n**             **5/4**         **1600**   **5/4**      **0800**   

  **End run**                **5/10**        **2100**   **5/11**     **2130**   

                                                                                

  **Fe 0.6 GeV/n**           **5/8**         **1900**   **5/9**      **0730**   

  **End run**                **5/9**         **1730**   **5/10**     **1215**   
  -------------------------- --------------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------

**Beam Time Description (hours)**

+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Total Clock Time**    | **(from 5/4 0800 |               | **1    |
|                         | to 5/11 2130)**  |               | 58.5** |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Total Beam-on Time**  |                  |               | *      |
|                         |                  |               | *142** |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Total Beam-off time** |                  |               | **     |
|                         |                  |               | 16.5** |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Beam Time for         |                  |               |        |
| Biology**               |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **1 GeV/n**             | **75**           |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **0.6 GeV/n**           | **9**            |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Sub-total**           |                  | **84**        |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Beam Time for         |                  |               |        |
| Physics**               |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **1 GeV/n**             | **26**           |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **0.6 GeV/n**           | **9**            |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Sub-total**           |                  | **35**        |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| > **Beam time for       |                  |               |        |
| > dosimetry,            |                  |               |        |
| > calibration etc.**    |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **1 GeV/n**             | **16**           |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **0.6 GeV/n**           | **7**            |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Sub-total**           |                  | **23**        |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Totals**              |                  | **142**       |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+

**GOLD RUN DATES**

  -------------------------- --------------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------
                             **Scheduled**              **Actual**              

                                                                                

  **Run dates**              **4/27-29**                **4/29 -                
                                                        4/30**                  

                                                                                

                             **Date**        **Time**   **Date**     **Time**   

  **Tuned into cave (B1)**   **4/27**        **1600**   **4/29**     **1600**   

                                                                                

  **Beam delivered for                                                          
  Biology**                                                                     

  **Au 11 GeV/n**            **4/28**        **1600**   **4/29**     **1600**   

  **End run**                **4/29**        **2400**   **4/30**     **2400**   
  -------------------------- --------------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------

+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Beam Time Description |                  |               |        |
| (hours)**               |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Total Clock Time**    | **(from 4/29     |               | **32** |
|                         | 1600 to 4/30     |               |        |
|                         | 2400)**          |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Total Beam Time**     |                  |               | **24** |
|                         |                  |               |        |
| **(idem beam on)**      |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Total Beam-off time** |                  |               | **6**  |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Beam Time for         | **(4 hrs for     |               | **8**  |
| Biology**               | Yang and 4 hrs   |               |        |
|                         | for Morgan)**    |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| **Beam Time for         |                  |               | *      |
| Physics**               |                  |               | *0.5** |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
|                         |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+
| > **Beam time for       |                  |               | **     |
| > dosimetry,            |                  |               | 15.5** |
| > calibration etc.**    |                  |               |        |
+-------------------------+------------------+---------------+--------+

**BNL-4 GOLD RUN PARTICIPANTS**

+----+----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------+
| ** | **Partic | **Affiliation**             | **Title**             |
| Ex | ipants** |                             |                       |
| p. |          |                             |                       |
| ** |          |                             |                       |
+----+----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------+
| B  | J.       | Lawrence Berkeley National  | Ph.D., Principal      |
| -1 | Miller   | Lab., CA                    | Investigator          |
|    |          |                             |                       |
|    | L.       | \"                          | Ph.D., Co-Principal   |
|    | Heilbron |                             | Investigator          |
+----+----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------+
| B  | T.C.     | NASA, Johnson Space Flight  | Ph.D., Principal      |
| -3 | Yang \*  | Center, TX                  | Investigator          |
|    |          |                             |                       |
|    | K.       | KRUG, TX                    | Co-Worker             |
|    | George   |                             |                       |
|    |          | Brookhaven National         | Ph.D. Co-Worker       |
|    | M.       | Laboratory, NY              |                       |
|    | Vazquez  |                             |                       |
+----+----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------+
| B- | W.       | University of California,   | Ph.D., Principal      |
| 26 | Morgan   | CA                          | Investigator          |
|    |          |                             |                       |
|    | C.       | \"                          | Ph.D., Co-Principal   |
|    | Limoli   |                             | Investigator          |
|    |          | Brookhaven National         |                       |
|    | M.       | Laboratory, NY              | Ph.D. Co-Worker       |
|    | Vazquez  |                             |                       |
+----+----------+-----------------------------+-----------------------+

**BEAM CHARACTERISTICS**

+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
|                     | *           | **^56^Fe^26^   | **^29^Au^179^  |
|                     | *^56^Fe^26^ | 1000 MeV/n**   | 10.8 GeV/n**   |
|                     | 600 MeV/n** |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Fluence           | **5.88 x    | **6.33 x       | **1080**       |
| (par                | 10^5^**     | 10^5^**        |                |
| ticles/cm^2^/sec)** |             |                |                |
|                     | **2.65 x    | **6.33 x       |                |
| **Maximum on        | 10^4^**     | 10^4^**        |                |
| target**            |             |                |                |
|                     |             |                |                |
| **Minimum on        |             |                |                |
| target**            |             |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Spill rate**      | **30        | **30           | **20           |
|                     | s           | spills/min**   | spills/min**   |
|                     | pills/min** |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Spill length**    | **500       | **500 msec**   | **1 sec**      |
|                     | msec**      |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Particles/spill** | **1.4 x     | **1.67 x       | **1.4 x        |
|                     | 10^8^**     | 10^8^**        | 10^5^**        |
| > **Maximum**       |             |                |                |
| >                   | **6.5 x     | **1.67 x       |                |
| > **Minimum**       | 10^6^**     | 10^7^**        |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Beam spot         | **7.5 cm**  | **7.5 - 9 cm** | **7.5 cm**     |
| diameter**          |             |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Beam cut off      | **\<1%**    | **\<1%**       | **TBD**        |
| length.**           |             |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Actual Energy**   | **610+/-10  | **1087 MeV/n** | **10.78        |
|                     | MeV/n**     |                | GeV/n**        |
| > **Extracted**     |             | **1060 MeV/n** |                |
| >                   | **565+/-10  |                | **TBD**        |
| > **On Target**     | MeV/n**     |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Actual LET**      | **177       | **148 keV/µm** | **1445         |
|                     | keV/µm**    |                | keV/µm**       |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Dose/rate         | **10        | **9.0 Gy/min** | **0.15         |
| recorded.**         | Gy/min**    |                | Gy/min**       |
|                     |             | **0.9 Gy/min** |                |
| **Maximum**         | **0.45      |                | **TBD**        |
|                     | Gy/min**    |                |                |
| **Minimum**         |             |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **Minimum dose      | **0.05 Gy** | **0.05 Gy**    | **0.1 Gy**     |
| exposure**          |             |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+
| **No of hours for   | **7**       | **16**         | **24**         |
| beam                |             |                |                |
| characterization**  |             |                |                |
|                     |             |                |                |
| **and dosimetry**   |             |                |                |
+---------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------+

**BNL-4 EXPERIMENTERS AND RUN STATISTICS**

+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **   | **P      | **En   | **Beam | *     | *     | *     | **     |
| Exp. | rincipal | ergy** | Time   | *Beam | *Dose | *Dose | Number |
| ID** | Invest   |        | Appr   | Time  | Range | /Rate | of     |
|      | igator** |        | oved** | U     | (c    | (     | Sam    |
|      |          |        |        | sed** | Gy)** | cGy/m | ples** |
|      |          |        |        |       |       | in)** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B1e  | Miller   | 1 GeV  | 14     | 14    | NA    | NA    | NA     |
|      |          |        |        |       |       |       |        |
|      |          | 600    | 14     | 9     |       |       |        |
|      |          | MeV    |        |       |       |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B2   | Chen     | 1 GeV  | 2      | 0.5   | NA    | NA    | NA     |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B3   | Yang     | 1 GeV  | 4      | 4     | 50 -  | 100   | 90     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 400   |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B7   | Rabin    | 1 GeV  | 4      | 4     | 10 -  | 50    | 78     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 100   |       |        |
|      |          | 600    | 1.5    | 2.5   |       |       |        |
|      |          | MeV    |        |       |       |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B9   | Su       | 1 GeV  | 3      | 5     | NA    | NA    | NA     |
|      | therland |        |        |       |       |       |        |
|      |          | 600    | 1.5    | 2.5   |       |       |        |
|      |          | MeV    |        |       |       |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B10  | Winegard | 1 GeV  | 6      | 4     | 100   | 100   | 60     |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B12  | Hei      | 1 GeV  | 6      | 2.5   | 10 -  | 100   | 80     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 300   |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B13  | Kubiczek | 1 GeV  | 5      | 5     | 50 -  | 100 - | 70     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 350   | 200   |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B14  | Metting  | 1 GeV  | 5      | 3.5   | 5 -   | 100   | 80     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 50    |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B15  | Waldren  | 1 GeV  | 3      | 1.5   | 50 -  | 100   | 45     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 200   |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B18  | Cooper   | 1 GeV  | 7      | 4     | 100 - | 100 - | NA     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 8000  | 700   |        |
|      |          | 600    |        | 3.5   |       |       |        |
|      |          | MeV    |        |       |       |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B1   | Kr       | 1 GeV  | 16     | 13    | 30 -  | \<    | 150    |
| 9-20 | onenberg |        |        |       | \     | 100 - |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | >2000 | 700   |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B23  | Brooks   | 1 GeV  | 1.5    | 1     | 50 -  | 100   | 15     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 200   |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B24  | Borak    | 1 GeV  | 12     | 12    | NA    | NA    | NA     |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B25  | Evans    | 1 GeV  | 2.5    | 2     | 0.5 - | 100   | 24     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 2.5   |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B26  | Morgan   | 1 GeV  | 2      | 3.5   | 10 -  | 200   | 40     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 1000  |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B30  | Kale     | 600    | 0.5    | 0.5   | 80 -  | \<100 | 3      |
|      |          | MeV    |        |       | 160   |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B31  | Barcel   | 1 GeV  | 3      | 2.5   | 80    | 100   | 32     |
|      | los-Hoff |        |        |       |       |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B32  | Dicello  | 1 GeV  | 16     | 16.5  | 10 -  | 100   | 300    |
|      |          |        |        |       | 100   |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B33  | Sinden   | 1 GeV  | 2      | 1.5   | 10 -  | 100   | 100    |
|      |          |        |        |       | 200   |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B34  | Bedford  | 1 GeV  | 1.5    | 1     | 84 -  | 100   | 16     |
|      |          |        |        |       | 125   |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| B35  | Jor      | 1 GeV  | NA     | NA    | NA    | NA    | NA     |
|      | gensen\* |        |        |       |       |       |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| **   |          |        | **133  | **119 | **5   | **50  | **1    |
| Tota |          |        | hr**   | hr**  | to    | to    | 183+** |
| ls** |          |        |        |       | 8000  | 900   |        |
|      |          |        |        |       | cGy** | cGy** |        |
+------+----------+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+

**BNL-4 PARTICIPANTS AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES**

+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| ** | **Title**                 | **Part     | **Biological sample** |
| Ex |                           | icipants** |                       |
| p. |                           |            |                       |
| ** |                           |            |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B  | Radiation Induced Genomic | D. Chen    | Human cell line       |
| -2 | Instability               | (PI)       | (reduced expression   |
|    |                           |            | of Rad51 and hhRad52  |
|    |                           |            | genes)                |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B  | Effect of Shielding on    | T.C. Yang  | Mouse Fibroblasts     |
| -3 | the Induction of          | (PI)       | (C3H10T1/2)           |
|    | Oncogenic and Cytogenetic |            |                       |
|    | Damages                   |            | Human Fibroblasts     |
|    |                           |            |                       |
|    |                           |            | Human Lynphocytes     |
|    |                           |            |                       |
|    |                           |            | Human mammary         |
|    |                           |            | epithelial cells      |
|    |                           |            |                       |
|    |                           |            | Canine kidney cells   |
|    |                           |            | (MDCK)                |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B  | Effects of Exposure to    | B. Rabin   | Rod. Sprague-Dawley   |
| -7 | Heavy Particles           | (PI)       |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B  | DNA Damage and            | B.         | Human skin fibroblast |
| -9 | Restoration in Mammalian  | Sutherland | and epithelial cells  |
|    | Cells and Tissues         | (PI)       |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Molecular Analysis of HZE | R. Winegar | Transgenic Mice:      |
| 10 | Damage in Transgenic Mice | (PI)       |                       |
|    |                           |            | C57lacZ, CBA1acZ,     |
|    |                           |            |                       |
|    |                           |            | p53 hemyzygous lacZ,  |
|    |                           |            |                       |
|    |                           |            | p53 nullizygous lacZ  |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Cytogenetic and           | T. Hei     | Human epithelial      |
| 12 | Neoplastic Transforming   | (PI)       | cells:                |
|    | Effects of heavy Ions in  |            |                       |
|    | mammalian Cells           |            | bronchial cells BEP2D |
|    |                           |            | and                   |
|    |                           |            |                       |
|    |                           |            | breast cells MCF-1F   |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Molecular Damage by 1     | E.         | Human cell lines:     |
| 13 | GeV/amu Fe-ions           | B-Kubiczek | (MCF7, PC3, WT,ADR    |
|    |                           | (PI)       | AND HCT15)            |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Effect of Heavy Ion       | N. Metting | Human skin            |
| 14 | Exposure on a Mechanism   | (PI)       | fibroblasts           |
|    | of Cell-Cycle Regulation  |            |                       |
|    |                           |            | Human keratinocytes   |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | HZE Radiation             | C. Waldren | Human-hamster hybrid  |
| 15 | Genotoxicity in Mammalian | (PI)       | cell line (A~L~)      |
|    | Cells                     |            |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | DNA Repair and early      | P. Cooper  | Human fibroblasts     |
| 18 | Development of            | (PI)       | (GM38)                |
|    | Chromosomal Changes       |            |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Mutagenesis Studies in    | A.         | Human lymphoid cells  |
| 19 | Human Cells               | Kronenberg | (TK6)                 |
|    |                           | (PI)       |                       |
|    |                           |            | WTK-bclX~L~           |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | High LET Radiation and    | A.         | TK6 cells             |
| 20 | Genomic Instability in    | Kronenberg |                       |
|    | Human Cells               | (PI)       |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | In Vivo Induction and     | A. Brooks  | Rat epithelial cells  |
| 23 | Repair of Genomic         | (PI)       | from lungs, trachea   |
|    | Instability               |            | and bone marrow.      |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Induction of Genomic      | H. Evans   | Human lymphoblast     |
| 25 | Instability in Human      | (PI)       | (TK6 and WTK1)        |
|    | Lymphoblasts              |            |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Mechanisms of High LET    | W. Morgan  | GM10115 Cell line     |
| 26 | Genomic Instability       | (PI)       |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Iron Ion Mutagenesis      | P. Kale    | Drosophila            |
| 30 |                           | (PI)       |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Epithelial Transformation | Bar        | Mice                  |
| 31 | & Carcinogenesis          | cellos-Hof |                       |
|    |                           | f          |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Tumor Formation in Rat    | J. Dicello | Sprague-Dawley Rats   |
| 32 | Mammary Gland             |            |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | Quantitation of Radiation | R. Sinden  | Fibrosarcoma cell     |
| 33 | Induced Deletion and      |            | lines (F14C-23 and    |
|    | Recombination Events with |            | 122-2)                |
|    | Repeated DNA Sequences    |            |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+
| B- | HZE Radiation Induced     | J. Bedford | Human fibroblast      |
| 34 | Chromosomal Inestability  |            |                       |
+----+---------------------------+------------+-----------------------+