**CHAPTER 70**

**AVIATION**

70.1 General

70.2 Categories of Use

70.3 Mobilization of Military Aircraft

70.4 Operations and Safety

70.5 Military Pilot Training and Qualifications

70.6 Minimum [Required Agency Positions to Manage Military
Aircraft]{.underline}.

70.7 Military Aviation Organization

70.8 Aircraft Security, Maintenance and Refueling

70.9 Aircraft Equipment Requirements, Description and Specifications

70.10 Agency Mobilization Checklist for Military Helicopters

**CHAPTER 70**

**AVIATION**

70.1 [General]{.underline}. When civilian aviation resources are
depleted, NIFC may request the Department of Defense (DoD) to assist the
wildland firefighting effort and provide military aircraft to support
large incidents. There are some fundamental differences in the operating
policies and procedures between the agencies and military services. When
assigned to an agency/incident, the military maintains administrative
control of their aircraft and operate under their own internal policies.
Military internal policies may conflict with agency procedure. The goal
of this chapter is to facilitate the use of military aviation and
associated resources.

Three separate components make up the U.S. Military: The Active, the
Reserve, and the National Guard. The Active and Reserve components are
under federal government control. The National Guard units are under
state control and normally do not operate outside their state
boundaries. The use of National Guard units for federal firefighting
purposes within their state must be outlined in national, regional,
state or local agreements, and Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs)
between federal agencies and the specific National Guard units. Only
National Guard units officially "federalized" by DoD will fall under the
auspices of this handbook. Therefore, this chapter pertains to Active,
Reserve and [federalized]{.underline} National Guard military aviation
units only.

Advanced notification and pre-assignment of active duty units prior to
each fire season is generally not possible due to military policies and
other commitments. However, if fire danger is severe and upon receipt of
a warning order, the military will coordinate with NIFC for the
identification and assignment of military units.

Military aviation units may be activated for fire operations as
battalions, companies, platoons, sections or equivalent size units.
Units may send a company or battalion size aviation unit outside its
local area along with the maintenance and logistical support units
required to operate for an extended period. Units can also operate with
less than a company size unit (satellite operations) if logistical
support from their base of operations can be provided. As an example,
the Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO) will coordinate the request for
maintenance or logistical support through the appropriate U.S. Army
channels to U.S. Northern Command (NORTHCOM). Request for a DoD
Operations Logistical Resource (OLR) or Aviation and Missile Command
(AMCOM) support will be coordinated through NORTHCOM.

When the military is activated, agency policies and procedures will
govern aviation operations on all incidents except where noted in this
guide. When assigned to incidents, all military aircraft will be under
the operational control of the incident Air Operations Branch. Because
of the basic differences in military operations and agency procedures,
additional civilian positions beyond the scope of the Incident Command
System (ICS) have been identified to manage military aviation
operations. Standard ICS terminology is used to simplify the
organizational concept whenever possible.

\* The use of "operational control" throughout Chapter 70 does not mean
OPCON as used by the military. "Operational Control" used in Chapter 70
is defined tactical control (TACON). This means the Incident or Area
Commander to whom the military aircraft is assigned has the authority to
direct and control the movement of these assigned aircraft to accomplish
missions or tasks assigned by the Area or Incident Commander.

70.2 [Categories of Use]{.underline}.

> 70.2.1 [Designated Military Mission]{.underline}. A flight maneuver or
> mission profile a particular military unit has officially indicated it
> is trained and equipped to perform as part of the unit's overall
> military mission. Military helicopters will be only used for day VFR
> operations for which they are trained and equipped as part of their
> designated military mission and which coincide with established
> natural resource aviation standards. Military units will pre-identify
> their Designated Military Missions. Their utilization on incidents
> would normally consist of:

-   Reconnaissance/command and control activities

-   Emergency evacuation/medevac (designated military medevac
    helicopters)

-   Crew transportation in and around the fire perimeter

-   Cargo transportation, internal or external (depending on unit
    designated mission)

-   Crew and cargo staging from airports to base camps for the purpose
    of incident support

> 70.2.2 [Non-Designated Military Mission]{.underline}. Includes flight
> maneuver or mission profiles for which a particular military unit has
> indicated it is **NOT** trained and equipped to perform as part of the
> unit's overall military mission. Water/retardant dropping and external
> loads on longlines are examples of Non-Designated Military Missions.
> These missions do not fall within normal military operational
> profiles. Special pilot training, techniques, special aircraft
> equipment and personnel management are necessary to ensure the safety
> and efficiency of Non-Designated Military Mission activity. Therefore,
> qualifying a military unit for a Non-Designated Mission is a major
> undertaking and requires extensive planning on the part of both the
> military and the agencies. Military aviation units must be
> pre-identified, qualified and approved. Doing this in response to a
> short-term fire emergency will not be feasible. **Due to scheduling
> problems and pilot turnover, it is recommended that only Reserve and
> National Guard units be identified for Non-Designated Military
> Missions (See Chapter 70.5).**

70.3 [Mobilization of Military Aircraft]{.underline}.

> 70.3.1 [Ordering]{.underline}. Civilian aircraft, if available, should
> be utilized for all incident needs. Even when military battalions of
> firefighters are assigned to incidents, civilian aircraft may be
> utilized for reconnaissance, command and control, and personnel
> transport of the military. Orders for military aircraft are made only
> when civilian aircraft are depleted and only when the incident has a
> bona fide need for additional air resources. Military ground forces
> (battalions) deployed in the field may have internal requirements for
> military aircraft medevac capability.
>
> Orders for all military aircraft will be accomplished through NIFC on
> an "A" (Aircraft) Request. The order(s) must specifically identify the
> intended missions such as medevac, personnel transport, internal and
> external cargo transport, command and control, etc., and be
> accompanied by estimations of flight hours per day, pounds of cargo
> per day, number of passengers to transport per day, etc. Requirements
> for Non-Designated Military Missions must be noted on the request and
> will generate appropriate attention and actions.
>
> 70.3.2 [Allocation of Military Aircraft]{.underline}. Military
> aviation units will be assigned to Incident Management Teams or Area
> Command. If assigned to Area Command priorities and assignments of
> military aircraft to appropriate incidents will be established. The
> organizational, logistical and planning requirements must be
> commensurate with the complexity of military aviation activity.
>
> 70.3.3 [Advance Party Briefings]{.underline}. A NIFC Advance Party
> will travel to the military units' home station to brief the unit on
> the Incident Command System, organizational structure,
> chain-of-command and how military units are integrated into the
> suppression organization. An aviation specialist from NIFC is
> designated to deliver the aviation portion of this NIFC Advance Party
> briefing.
>
> In addition, a Military Advance Party often visits the incident prior
> to deployment. They are briefed by the local Aviation Officer,
> incident Air Operations Director and possibly the assigned Air Support
> Group Supervisor/Helibase Mgr. I. Information about objectives,
> procedures, organization, operating bases, logistical concerns, etc.,
> is shared at this meeting. This briefing is most valuable and should
> always occur.
>
> 70.3.4 [Utilization of Military Aircraft]{.underline}. Once military
> aviation assets are assigned to the incident and the approved mission
> designation have been identified, there will be no delineation in the
> use of military or civilian aircraft. The most suitable aircraft for a
> mission shall be used, regardless of ownership. Military assets should
> be assigned and collocated with the incident to integrate military
> personnel into the incident and helibase organizations.
>
> Military aircraft assigned to an incident should be used to their
> fullest potential. The military is trained to move large amounts of
> cargo and passengers rapidly and efficiently. Every effort should be
> made to take advantage of this military expertise. Using the military
> for those missions while civilian contractors perform tactical
> missions is an efficient use of resources. Optimizing contractor
> flight time should be a consideration but not the overriding issue.

70.4 [Operations and Safety]{.underline}.

The agency will have operational control of military aircraft and
coordinate missions with the military aviation commander. The military
aviation organization will be integrated with the agency Air Operations
Branch to enhance planning, briefings, operational efficiency and
safety. Agency aviation policy will be followed for all operations
unless the military standard is more restrictive. Procedures found in
agency aviation guides (Interagency Helicopter Operations Guide,
Transportation of HazMat, Air Tactical, etc.) will be followed except
where noted in this handbook.

> 70.4.1 [Helicopter Management]{.underline}. Every military helicopter
> assigned to support suppression activities shall have a military crew
> chief assigned. The crew chief performs the duties assigned to agency
> helicopter managers. At a minimum, one qualified agency helicopter
> manager (HELM) shall be assigned at a ratio of one HELM for each four
> military helicopters. The HELM will assure proper intergration of
> military assets and will function as a liaison with military crew
> chiefs and pilots. Allowing one HELM to manage four helicopters is
> approved only when all helicopters are working out of the same
> helibase.
>
> Military aviation units shall be part of an existing agency Air
> Operations Branch and be directed by the Incident Helibase
> organization.
>
> 70.4.2 [Air Mission Briefings]{.underline}. Military Operations
> Officers will be included in daily agency pre- and post-operational
> aviation briefings and planning meetings. The Military Operations
> Officers will then conduct a briefing for the military unit aircrews.
> Military Officers may allow aircrews to attend the agency briefings.
> Following military aircraft missions, military aircrews will debrief
> their officers, who should then pass the information back to the
> agency Air Operations Branch.
>
> 70.4.3 [Load Calculations]{.underline}. Agency load calculation forms
> are not used by/for military aircraft. The military method of
> performance planning is acceptable for agency aviation operations. The
> military Pilot-in-Command is required to use an aircraft performance
> planning card unique to their type of aircraft. During agency incident
> operations, the Military Operations Officer should be kept informed of
> altitudes and temperatures aircraft will be expected to operate, so
> that out-of-ground effect allowable payloads can be calculated. Agency
> Helibase personnel are responsible for providing the Military Crew
> Chief with an accurate manifest of passengers and cargo.
>
> 70.4.4 [Passenger Transport]{.underline}. All agency and cooperator
> personnel are approved to ride in military aircraft that meet the
> requirements outlined in this handbook. All passengers must meet PPE
> requirements, receive a pre-flight safety briefing and be manifested.
> The pre-flight safety briefing shall be provided by agency aviation
> personnel or the military crew chief.
>
> 70.4.5 [Cargo Transport]{.underline}. All internal cargo will be
> secured in the aircraft in accordance with standard military
> procedures. All cargo will be weighed and manifested per agency
> policy. Passengers will not be carried on cargo missions unless cargo
> is secured in such a manner that it will not be a hazard.
>
> External load missions on short suspension lines may be a Designated
> Military Mission for the unit. Military or helibase personnel will
> perform all rigging and attachments. All external cargo will be
> weighed and manifested and a copy of the manifest provided to the crew
> chief.
>
> 70.4.6 [Longline or Bucket Operations]{.underline}. These missions are
> not normally identified as a Designated Military Mission for a
> military unit. Utilization of military pilots and aircraft for these
> missions requires extensive pre-planning; training and approval by
> agency Aviation Specialists and Standardization/Check Pilots (refer to
> 70.5.3).
>
> If the military unit has been approved for either longline or bucket
> operations, an HELM may be aboard the aircraft during the mission only
> when authorized by both the agency and military aviation officers.
> This should only occur when the safety of the mission can be
> substantially enhanced by doing so and when a Risk Analysis has been
> performed as outlined in the IHOG. This practice should not be a
> routine occurrence and shall be held to an absolute minimum.
>
> Aerial supervision, preferably a Helicopter Coordinator (HLCO), shall
> be utilized whenever military aircraft are engaged in
> retardant/foam/water dropping operations.
>
> 70.4.7 [Night Operations]{.underline}. As per agency policy, aviation
> operations will be conducted during daylight hours under VFR
> conditions (exception outlined below).
>
> Agency direction authorizes [single-engine and
> multi-engine]{.underline} helicopters to be used for emergency night
> medevac operations meeting life or death criteria. Military aircraft
> will only be used for night operations conforming to this life or
> death criteria. Military medevac aircraft and pilots should expect to
> be used for emergency night operations. Utilization of night vision
> goggles will depend on the assigned units SOP to include consideration
> of illumination, obscuration, and meteorological conditions. Military
> night vision goggle proficiency flights may be performed as required
> to maintain proficiency requirements for assigned medevac
> responsibilities. Coordinate and schedule these flights with the Area
> Command/Incident Management Team and local administrative unit.
>
> Federal agencies will only pay for proficiency flights that support
> missions directly related to fire suppression activities. The cost of
> all other proficiency flights necessary for the military to remain
> proficient with other mission profiles will be borne by the military.
>
> 70.4.8 [Aircrew Flight and Duty Limitations]{.underline}. Military
> units have pilot flight and duty limitation policies and procedures in
> place. These differ from agency flight and duty limitations but
> adequately address pilot crew rest requirements. These military
> policies and procedures shall be utilized. It is essential that
> established flight and duty limitations for military aviation
> resources be communicated to incident Air Operations Branch
> Director(s) and/or agency personnel at Area Command as appropriate, to
> facilitate effective use of these resources. The Air Support Group
> Supervisor (ASGS)/Helibase Manager 1(HEB1)\
> assigned to the military unit shall work with the Military Operations
> Officer to ensure aircraft crew availability and mission readiness.
>
> 70.4.9 [Accident/Incident Reporting and Investigation]{.underline}.
> When a military aircraft being used on an agency incident, is involved
> in a mishap or incident, the agency policy on accident/incident
> reporting will be followed. SAFECOMs will be completed and submitted
> through normal agency channels. The military will utilize their own
> reporting system as well. Sharing information on incidents and mishaps
> between land management agencies and the military is essential to
> maintaining the safety of flight.
>
> Aircraft accidents involving military aircraft will be investigated by
> the military. Agency employees will assist in securing the accident
> site and facilitate the military accident team investigations. An
> agency may request participation in any accident involving military
> helicopters on agency incidents. Joint investigations are possible.
> Participation may be in a formal or informal capacity.

70.5 [Military Pilot Training and Qualifications]{.underline}.

> 70.5.1 [General Military Pilot Qualifications]{.underline} Military
> aviation units enforce strict pilot qualification standards. These
> standards are not always the same as those established by civilian
> government agencies. The challenge will be to make these differences
> workable and compatible. Therefore, agency Standardization Instructor
> Pilots will work with the Military Operations Officer to ensure
> experience level of pilots will be considered in crew pairing to
> obtain the safest overall flight crews. The Military Operations
> Officer will assign only crews meeting full military mission
> qualifications.
>
> Each military Pilot-in-Command (PIC) assigned to fire incidents shall
> have a minimum of 500 hours PIC experience in category, and will be at
> the flight controls for takeoffs and landings whenever passengers are
> on board unless safety considerations determined by the PIC dictate
> otherwise.
>
> Where appropriate, the Operations Officer shall assign pilots who have
> demonstrated mountain flying skills or show they have received
> training in mountain flying techniques prior to deployment to an
> incident.
>
> "Designated" and "Non-Designated Military Missions" will continually
> be evaluated by agency aviation personnel for conformity to agency
> standards.
>
> 70.5.2 [Minimum Military Pilot Training Requirements]{.underline}. All
> military flight crews will receive the following minimum training
> [prior]{.underline} to being deployed in support of fire suppression
> activities. Training may be conducted at the deployment site or
> another designated location. The training session may occur pre-season
> or when the military unit is activated. Instruction will be provided
> by agency Standardization/Inspector Pilots, Aviation Management
> Specialists and Wildland Fire Specialists as necessary.

-   Agency Aviation Policy and SAFETY

-   Incident Command System/Organization/Terminology

-   Missions and Roles

-   Basic Fire Tactics and Fire Behavior/Fire Shelter

-   Ground School, Mountain Flying Techniques, or demonstrated ability
    in a mountain environment

-   Communications/Fire Traffic Area

-   Medevac/Emergency Evacuation

-   Cargo (Internal/External)

-   Reconnaissance

-   Passenger Haul

-   Mobilization and Demobilization (including return of agency
    equipment)

-   Logistics/Finance

> 70.5.3 [Military Pilot Training for Non-Designated Military
> Missions]{.underline}. Military aviation units pre-identified to
> perform Non-Designated Missions must complete the following training
> syllabus in addition to the minimum training requirements listed
> above. **It is suggested that only Reserve and National Guard units be
> identified to receive training in Non-Designated Military Missions.**
> This specialized training may be conducted at the military unit's home
> station or another predetermined site [before]{.underline} the
> beginning of fire season. Non-Designated Missions will not be
> performed if the unit has not been pre‑identified by the military, and
> has not completed the training and approval process for those missions
> prior to mobilization.

-   Mountain Flying Training

-   External Loads (longline)

-   Bucket Operations (suppressant and retardant application)

-   [Functions of Helicopter Coordinator/Air Tactical Group
    Supervisor]{.mark}

-   

-   Expanded instructions on Fire Aviation Organization

70.6 Minimum [Required]{.underline} [Agency Positions]{.underline} [to
Manage Military Aircraft]{.underline}.

The firefighting agencies will provide adequate aviation and logistical
staffing to support military aviation units on fire assignments. The
size and complexity of military aviation operations will dictate the
type and number of agency positions required. NICC will order, assign
and dispatch agency personnel to manage military helicopter operations.
Some agency personnel may be dispatched directly to the military base to
conduct training and briefings prior to actual deployment. Military
aviation contingents with agency personnel already assigned shall be
deployed to individual incidents or Area Command.

Although NIFC will be responsible for agency staffing of military
aviation operations, coordination with the hosting incident must occur
so they know exactly what is being provided and what they will have to
provide. One incident will host the military unit logistically, even if
the aircraft are serving other incidents.

> 70.6.1 [Agency Aviation Military Liaison (AAML)]{.underline}. This
> position is necessary upon activation of military aviation assets and
> reports to the National Military Coordinator. The AAML is a liaison
> between the military and NICC for military aircraft mobilization, NIFC
> Advance Party aviation briefings and operational policy and
> coordination. The AAML position is located at NIFC; with limited field
> duties. The AAML shall:

-   Have a working knowledge of the Memorandum of Understanding between
    DoD and USDA-USDI and the Military Use Handbook.

-   Obtain assignment and direction from the National Military
    Coordinator.

-   Order civilian agency personnel to manage the military aviation
    operations at the incident.

-   Coordinate with the Area/Incident Commander and the Regional/State
    Aviation Officer to establish military operational site, expected
    utilization, and to brief incident staff on military operational
    procedures and logistical needs.

-   Serve as (or assign) an Aviation Specialist to perform aviation
    briefings at the military unit as a member of the NIFC Advance Party
    to travel to the military installation being activated to brief
    Military Commanders.

-   Coordinate the Military Advance Party mobilization to the incident.

-   Arrange for all agency provided military pilot training, briefings,
    inspections, approvals, etc., prior to use on the incident.

-   Arrange for all agency required aircraft inspections, equipment and
    avionics installations, paint schemes, etc., prior to deployment to
    the field.

-   Make arrangements prior to deployment through the Finance/Logistics
    Section Chiefs for housing, meals, fuel, securing, transportation,
    dust abatement, crash rescue, and other supplies necessary to
    support military and civilian agency management personnel.

-   Coordinate with Area/Incident Commander and the ASGS/HEB1 assigned
    to the military unit to establish mission ordering procedures and
    acquire Incident Action Plans.

-   Report all incident/accidents through appropriate channels.

-   Coordinate media activities through the military and incident
    Information Officers.

-   Keep Region/State and NICC aviation managers advised of current
    operations. Forward daily summary reports to Area/Incident Commander
    and to the National Military Coordinator.

-   Inform National Military Coordinator when release is contemplated.

-   Complete performance evaluations of all staff members and submit an
    after action report to the National Military Coordinator.

> [Qualifications]{.underline}: The person assigned to the AAML position
> should be a National, Regional, or State level Aviation Management
> Specialist; Technical Specialist; or government pilot with extensive
> experience in fire aviation and military helicopter use.
>
> 70.6.2 [Agency Standardization Pilot/Technical
> Specialist]{.underline}. This includes government helicopter pilots
> and maintenance specialists. These personnel are necessary to ensure
> that military aircraft and pilots meet all agency requirements prior
> to fire assignment utilization and to provide follow-up checks during
> field operations. These positions report to the Agency Aviation
> Military Liaison.

-   Provide required agency training and briefings to military aircrews
    at the military units' home station or other designated location.
    This will occur pre-season or upon military activation and includes
    agency training requirements for Designated and Non-Designated
    Missions, as appropriate. (See 70.5 Military Pilot Training and
    Qualifications)

-   Ensure military pilot experience and training meet agency standards.

-   Ensure required agency equipment, avionics and markings have been
    installed or applied. Ensure aircraft configuration meets agency
    needs.

> 70.6.3 [Air Support Group Supervisor (ASGS)]{.underline} [or Helibase
> Manager 1(HEB1)]{.underline} The ASGS/HEB1 is necessary when more than
> one military aircraft is assigned at one location. This normally would
> be in addition to an ASGS/HEB1 assigned to an incident management
> team. The ASGS/HEB1 is supervised by the incident Air Operations
> Branch Director but must work closely with the Agency Aviation
> Military Liaison or Area Command Aviation Coordinator. The ASGS/HEB1
> is located at the assigned operating area for the military aviation
> unit; this may be an individual incident location or an Area Command
> military aircraft staging area. The major role for the ASGS/HEB1 is to
> coordinate the use of military aircraft between the Military
> Operations Officer and the incident Air Operations Branch Director.
> The ASGS/HEB1 shall:

-   Obtain assignment and direction from the Air Operations Branch
    Director

-   Meet with the Military Operations Officer and establish a joint
    operations facility at the military staging area or assigned
    helibase.

-   Obtain a list of all military aircraft, flight personnel, and
    aviation assets to be used on the incident.

-   Coordinate with the Military Operations Officer on daily assignments
    of aircraft and flight crews. Direction and assignments to military
    personnel must be made through the Military Operations Officer.

-   Provide organizational oversight of all agency aviation personnel
    assigned to military aviation operations.

-   Maintain records for all requests and use of military aircraft.

-   Keep the Agency Aviation Military Liaison and the Area Command/ Air
    Operations Branch Director informed on the number of aircraft
    available and the types of missions the military unit can provide on
    a daily basis. Notify the AOBD and AAML immediately if any problem
    arises which will prevent an assigned mission to an incident from
    being performed.

-   Request all logistical support, supplies and fuel through the
    Logistics Section Chief.

-   Conduct pre- and post-daily operational briefings for the flight
    crews.

-   Ensure all military flight crews have incident maps, frequencies,
    flight following procedures, and other information necessary to
    complete assigned missions.

-   Do not allow formation flying of military aircraft to or on
    incidents unless the helibase is informed and prepared for
    multi-aircraft flights.

-   Coordinate media and proficiency flights with incident Air
    Operations.

-   Report all incidents/accidents through appropriate channels.

> [Qualifications]{.underline}: Must be a qualifed ASGS or HEB1.
>
> 70.6.4 [Helicopter Manager (HELM)]{.underline}. A qualified HELM will
> be assigned at a ratio of one HELM to each four military helicopters
> deployed in support of fire suppression. (exception: military medevac
> helicopters do not require a HELM). The HELM is the direct liaison
> between the military flight crews and the incident Air Operations
> organization. The HELM reports to the ASGS/HEB1 assigned to the
> military unit but must work within the assigned helibase organization.
> The HELM will supervise agency crew members when assigned to military
> helicopters. As a member of the joint military/agency flight crew, the
> HELM will obtain instructions and information on passengers and cargo
> to be moved, assist the Military Crew Chief in loading and unloading
> of cargo and passengers, keep aircraft use records, and will act as
> the liaison for the Military Crew Chiefs to ensure compliance with all
> joint military/agency aviation policies and safety procedures. The
> HELM shall:

-   Arrive prepared for incident assignment, including flight helmet,
    flight suit, flight gloves and leather boots.

-   Report to the ASGS/HEB1 and receive assignment and briefing on
    military operational procedures and policies.

-   Develop a working relationship with the military flight crews and
    other agency and military personnel. As an active member of the
    flight crews, assist the Pilots-in-Command by advising them of
    incident/aviation procedures and by serving as a liaison with
    incident personnel.

-   Receive mission assignments from ASGS/HEB1 and relay assignments to
    the flight crews and Pilots-in-Command (PIC).

-   Ensure the military flight crew receives all pertinent information
    necessary for the safe completion of the assigned missions.

-   Ensure all flight operations are conducted according to the joint
    military/agency policies established for military aircraft
    operations.

-   Keep accurate aircraft use records and immediately.report all
    incidents or safety concerns to the Helibase Manager or ASGS/HEB1

-   Attend all pilot briefings to ensure mission integrity.

> [Qualifications]{.underline}: Meet Interagency Fire Helicopter Manager
> standards.
>
> 70.6.6 [Helicopter Crew Member (HECM)]{.underline}. HECM will not
> normally be needed to staff military helicopters and is not a required
> position. The HECM can be assigned if additional personnel are needed.
> The helicopter crew member position is supervised by the HELM assigned
> to the aircraft. The HECM shall:

-   Arrive prepared for fire assignment, including flight helmet, flight
    suit, flight gloves and leather boots.

-   Report to the HELM and receive assignment and briefing on military
    operations procedures and policies.

-   Develop a working relationship with military flight crew and HELM.

-   Assist the HELM and the Flight Engineer/Crew Chief in the loading,
    unloading of all passengers and cargo; ensure passengers comply with
    safety requirements and all cargo is safely secured.

-   Attend briefings and debriefings as appropriate.

> [Qualifications]{.underline}: Meet Interagency Fire Helicopter Crew
> Member standards.
>
> 70.6.7 [Helicopter Coordinator (HLCO)]{.underline}. The Helicopter
> Coordinator is an airborne position provided by the incident and
> reports to the incident Air Tactical Group Supervisor. Aerial
> supervision, preferably a HLCO, is required whenever military
> helicopters are performing retardant/foam/water operations in incident
> airspace.
>
> 70.6.8 [Logistics Section Chief (LSC2)]{.underline}. A Logistics
> Section Chief is only required when military aviation support needs
> exceed the capabilities of the incident Logistics Section Chief or
> when the military aviation contingent is staged at a non-incident
> location (Area Command military staging area). This person is
> responsible to coordinate the procurement and accountability of all
> supplies, equipment, services, transportation, fuel, and facilities
> needed to support the military and civilian management group. The LSC2
> shall:

-   Coordinate with Military Advance Party to determine needs.

-   Immediately upon arrive, identify the Finance Section and Logistic
    Section Chiefs on the IMT and work closely with those individuals.
    If the military aviation unit is not collocated with an incident
    supported by the IMT, the LSC2 will contact the appropriate agency
    Financial Manager/Administrative Officer at NIFC for assistance with
    finance questions and purchasing contracts.

-   Contact NICC for the job/charge code for all costs incurred with the
    battalion's use on the incident(s). The support costs will be
    prorated based upon the hours flown on each incident, using the
    agency/unit assigned job/charge code assigned to a specific
    incident.

-   Refer to Chapter 100 for direction on cost reimbursable items to the
    military. For questions on items not specifically covered under this
    chapter, contact the incident Finance Section Chief. If there is no
    Finance Section Chief, contact the agency Financial Manager/
    Administrative Officer at NIFC for direction.

-   Provide oversight and approval procedures for all support costs
    associated with the battalion activation.

-   Order, receive, store, and distribute supplies and equipment.
    Maintain inventory and accountability of supplies and equipment.
    Coordination with the incident Logistics Section Chief will be
    required to develop procedures for ordering supplies and equipment.

-   Order, receive, and account for the aviation fuel furnished to the
    military. After demobilization of the military aviation unit, the
    Logistics Section Chief will facilitate the transfer or removal of
    excess fuel.

-   Coordinates the procurement of lodging, feeding arrangements,
    transportation, facilities, and other services needed by the
    military and civilian aviation groups.

-   Provide costs to the incident Finance Section Chief, and the
    appropriate agency Financial Manager/Administrative Officer at NIFC.

-   At the end of the assignment, account for all property issued to the
    military and civilian management groups. Send records of all costs
    incurred to the appropriate agency Financial Manager/Administrative
    Officer at NIFC.

-   Coordinate with the military regarding security for aircraft and
    equipment.

> [Qualifications]{.underline}: Meet Interagency Type 2 Logistics
> Section Chief Standards.
>
> 70.6.9 [Communications Specialist]{.underline}. This agency position
> is located at NIFC, reports to the National Military Coordinator, and
> normally performs duties during the mobilization phase of military
> aircraft. A Communications Specialist may be assigned to incidents
> with large or complex military activity and would be assigned to the
> incident Logistics Section Chief to coordinate communication for the
> Military Aviation Unit.

-   Responsible for coordinated installation and maintenance of NIRSC
    equipment that was assigned to the incident.

-   If necessary, provide HELM necessary interface/equipment for
    civilian flight helmet utilization with military avionics.

-   Serve as member of NIFC Advance Party to brief military commanders
    on communications issues.

-   Coordinate with the Military Communications Officer, Operations
    Officer, and Avionics Technician on use of all frequencies and
    communications equipment.

-   Coordinate with the Communications Unit Leader, Logistics Section
    Chief, and Air Support Group Supervisor.

-   Attend agency planning meetings and briefings as appropriate.

-   Implement military support requirements such as the need for cross
    link radio system and telephones and communication requirements.

-   Ensure communication problems or issues concerning the communication
    support to military are resolved.

-   Recommend procurement of communication and navigation equipment.

> [Qualifications]{.underline}: Must meet the agency requirements for
> Avionics and Communications Specialists positions.

70.7 [Military Aviation Organization]{.underline}. Every military
commanding officer has the authority to give lawful orders to those
under his or her command. Orders are passed from the Battalion Commander
to the Company Commander to the Operations Officer, and then to the
Platoon Leader or to the Air Mission Commander, for multi-ship
operations, or the Pilot-in-Command for single-ship operations, and
finally to the flight crew members. The aviation unit may have the
following positions within its organization:

> 70.7.1 Commander [(CO)/Officer in Charge (OIC)]{.underline}. A CO is
> in charge of each battalion and each company. If a CO is not deployed
> with the unit, the Senior Officer at the site will be designated as
> the OIC. The CO/OIC

-   Is responsible for the overall operations of the unit.

-   Is responsible for disciplinary and legal issues.

-   Ensures unit and individual training meets requirements.

-   Supervises aircraft and aircrew scheduling.

-   Supervises maintenance operations/logistics support.

-   Makes and enforces crew endurance policies.

-   Coordinates with Agency Aviation Military Liaison (AAML) and
    Military Aviation Liaison (area/incident command staff).

-   Enforces the safety program (ground and air).

-   Manages living areas and support requirements.

-   Manages personnel assignments.

-   Coordinates with the parent organization (higher headquarters) on
    all matters.

-   Has ultimate approval authority of all mission requests.

-   Directs operations of the Military Operations Officer.

> 70.7.2 [Battalion S-3 or Operations Officer]{.underline}. A Battalion
> S-3 and company level position (Operations Officer) is in charge of
> flight operations, unit plans, and training. Reports directly to the
> CO/OIC. The Battalion S-3[: CHECK WITH MILITARY ON PROPER CHAIN OF
> COMMAND]{.mark}

-   Ensures mission readiness and accomplishment.

-   Supervises a crew endurance program.

-   Schedules aircraft and aircrews.

-   Conducts mission briefings to Air Mission Commanders or
    Pilots-in-Command.

-   Coordinates with ASGS, Unit Commanders (CO/OIC), and MOOs on all
    aspects of unit operations, to include logistics.

-   Provides daily activity reports to MOO and Defense Coordinating
    Element (DCE).

> 70.7.3 [Military]{.underline} [Operations Officer (MOO)]{.underline}.
> The MOO is located at appropriate air operations (incident and/or
> area) location. The MOO:

-   Coordinates all areas of military aircraft support with the [(ASGS?
    Ask someone who knows)AAML]{.mark} at incident and/or Area Commands.

-   Coordinates military aircraft support missions/logistics with Unit
    Commanders (CO), Officers-in-Charge (OIC) or Battalion S-3 or other
    MOOs.

-   Provides reports to and coordinates with appropriate military
    headquarters and Defense Coordinating Officer.

-   Advises the AAML on capabilities and limitations of military
    aircraft.

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   70.7.4 [Operations Specialist (93P)]{.underline}. Reports to the
    unit's Operations Officer and generally fills the dispatcher role
    regarding flight planning, flight following procedures, airspace
    restrictions, weather information, aircraft availability and
    management of individual aircrew flight records.

> 70.7.5 [Communications Officer or Specialist]{.underline}. The
> Communications Officer coordinates all communications requirements for
> the battalion. Communications Specialists do the same for each company
> and also maintain the communications equipment. The Communications
> Officer or Specialist:

-   Advises the CO on all communications matters, including placement of
    required communications and navigation equipment.

-   Coordinates with maintenance personnel to ensure that all aircraft
    assigned to a mission have adequate communications and navigation
    equipment installed and operational.

-   Ensures avionics equipment installed in the aircraft meets military
    regulatory requirements for either temporary or permanent aircraft
    modifications.

-   Ensures any technical requirements for avionics support are
    adequately staffed at field sites.

-   Advises the CO on the technical communications aspects of electronic
    systems and devices as required.

> NOTE: The aircraft specific communications problems will be addressed
> by an avionics repairman in the unit's maintenance section.
>
> 70.7.6 [Standardization Instructor Pilot (SP)]{.underline}. The SP
> ensures all training conducted by unit personnel is standardized using
> appropriate military regulations and Standing Operating Procedures
> (SOP). The SP:

-   Ensures all Instructor Pilots (IPs) are standardized in the task
    performance standards being taught.

-   Acts as a subject matter expert on issues relating to aircraft
    capabilities, crew performance standards, or mission support
    capabilities.

-   Ensures compliance with military regulations and SOPs regarding the
    proper documentation of training being accomplished.

-   Ensures all crew members are qualified to perform the assigned
    mission.

-   Coordinates with the Operations Officer and OIC to ensure scheduling
    results in safe and efficient flight crews.

-   Reports directly to the CO.

> 70.7.7 [Instructor Pilot (IP)]{.underline}. The IP is responsible for
> conducting all flight training of aviator tasks. The IP also evaluates
> aviator and flight crew performance to ensure tasks are being
> performed in accordance with military regulations and SOPs. The IP may
> also develop and teach aviation subjects in a classroom environment,
> act as a subject matter expert on aircraft capabilities, limitations,
> or questions relating to mission performance.
>
> 70.7.8 [Aircrews]{.underline}. The make up of the aircrew depends on
> the type of aircraft, the type of mission it is performing and the
> unit's SOP. UH-60 and CH-47 aircraft require a PIC, a
> [Co-Pilot]{.mark} (CP), and a Flight Engineer (CH-47) or Crew Chief
> (UH-60) as a minimum crew. If a CH-47 is performing sling load or
> terrain flight operations, a Crew Chief is added to the crew. All
> military aircraft flying in support of both Designated and
> Non-Designated military mission will assign two pilots qualified in
> model, one of which is a PIC.
>
> 70.7.9 [Air Mission Commander (AMC)]{.underline}. When two or more
> aircraft are tasked to perform a single mission, an Air Mission
> Commander is designated. The AMC has overall responsibility for
> planning and completion of the assigned mission from the initial air
> mission brief to the back brief upon mission completion. The AMC makes
> the determination whether or not the mission can be completed as
> briefed, and briefs the aircrews on the assigned mission.
>
> 70.7.10 [Pilot-in-Command (PIC)]{.underline} The PIC is the military
> pilot who is in charge of each aircraft in flight. The PIC has final
> authority over the aircraft and crew.
>
> The PIC:

-   Is ultimately responsible for the aircraft, aircrew, passengers and
    cargo.

-   Has final authority on approving internal or external loads.

-   Is responsible for mission completion for single-ship missions.

-   Ensures all tasks performed are done in accordance with the mission
    briefing and that all crew members on the aircraft are properly
    briefed on the mission.

-   Coordinates with the Helicopter Manager (HELM) in conjunction with
    the Flight Engineer/Crew Chief.

-   The Co-Pilot assists the PIC in flying and navigating.

> 70.7.11 [Flight Engineer (FE) and Crew Chief (CE)]{.underline}. The FE
> is responsible for daily maintenance of the aircraft and the load
> configuration of the CH-47. The CE assists the FE on the CH-47. On the
> UH-60 and UH-1 aircraft, the CE performs these duties. The FE or CE:

-   Inspects load configurations, supervises loading of cargo in
    accordance with military regulations and SOPs and ensures cargo is
    secured for flight.

-   "Calls the load" during external load operations. Controls release
    of the load on the CH-47.

-   Ensures passengers are loaded safely and efficiently and passengers
    and other crew members are properly secured prior to flight.

-   Ensures aircraft systems are operating properly on CH-47
    helicopters.

-   Coordinates directly with the HELM.

-   Clears the rear of the aircraft in flight, on take off and landing.

> 70.7.12 [Aviation Safety Officer (ASO)]{.underline}.

-   Assists the CO in implementing the unit's safety program.

-   Advises the CO on safety related issues including air and ground
    safety.

-   Monitors compliance with the unit's crew rest policy and procedures.

-   Prepares military safety reports.

-   Responsible for secures an accident site prior to arrival of the
    Accident Investigation Team. Ensures compliance with initial
    accident investigation procedures.

70.8 [Aircraft Security, Maintenance and Refueling]{.underline}.

> 70.8.1 [Security]{.underline}. The military is responsible for the
> security of all military aircraft and military support equipment
> provided.
>
> 70.8.2 [Maintenance]{.underline}. When military aircraft are activated
> it will be necessary to accommodate their maintenance group. The
> civilian agencies' involvement would be to assist in selecting and
> obtaining a suitable area and facilities for maintenance. A request
> through military command may be necessary for additional military
> aircraft maintenance support. To meet military logistical needs, it
> may be easiest to station military aircraft at or near an airport
> where aircraft parts and equipment can be readily delivered.
>
> 70.8.3 [Refueling]{.underline}. Military aircraft use J-8 or Jet A
> fuel. The military can purchase fuel by credit card from any
> commercial source or obtain fuel from local military sources.
> [Military helicopters require the fuel additive PRIST]{.mark}. Ensure
> fuel source(s) contains PRIST; if not, arrange for this additive to be
> available. PRIST is generally available through commercial fuel
> vendors. The Military Operations Officer will need the location of
> available sources, so contracts can be made with a fuel supplier to
> furnish fuel to the staging area(s). The military has two systems for
> providing fuel to their aircraft; military fuel trucks with matching
> fuel connectors, and a Forward Area Refueling System (FARS) which is a
> bladder fuel tank with filter, hoses, and connectors.

70.9 [Aircraft Equipment Requirements,]{.underline} [Description and
Specifications]{.underline}. All military aircraft deployed to fire
support assignments shall be configured with the equipment required by
this chapter.

> 70.9.1 [Designated Military Mission]{.underline}. Helicopters shall
> have:
>
> 70.9.1.1 High visibility markings on main rotor blades and fuselage.
> [ADD THE REFERENCE TO THE]{.mark} [EXHIBIT 12 OF THE CALIFORINIA
> MILITARY FIREFIGHTING PROGRAM GUIDE.]{.mark}
>
> 70.9.1.2 A complete set of current aeronautical charts covering area
> of operations.
>
> 70.9.1.3 All military aircraft will be equipped with one (1)
> 760-channel VHF AM aeronautical radio system operating in the 118 to
> 137-MHz bands, with 25 kHz channel increments, and a minimum
> transmitter carrier power output of five watts. The agency may furnish
> the military aircraft with a VHF FM radio system compatible with
> agency frequencies capable of operating over the frequency band of 150
> to 174 MHz with 12,5 MHz channel increments with 32 sub audible
> (ctcss) tones. Radio must be furnished with separate Guard receiver
> operating on 168.625 MHz Frequency.
>
> Adapters will be provided by the agency to allow for an interface
> between the Helicopter Manager and the flight crew.
>
> [Until the agency furnished radio systems can be installed, the
> following interim procedures may be utilized:]{.mark}
>
> []{.mark}

-   

-   [Helicopters will be allowed to operate helibase to helispot if both
    locations have VHF AM]{.mark} [communications with the
    helicopters]{.mark} [and Aerial Supervision is present.]{.mark}

-   [Single or]{.mark} [Multi-ship operations can include helicopters
    without]{.mark} [VHF FM communications as long as]{.mark} [Aerial
    Supervision is present.]{.mark}

-   []{.mark}

[NOTE: THE GROUP RECOMMENDS DELETING THIS, BUT REALIZE THESE MEASURES
MAY BE POLITICALLY NECESSARY. THIS SHOULD BE FLAGGED FOR APPROVAL BY
NIAC. or at least one helicopter has civilian band
communications.]{.mark}

> []{.mark}

[]{.mark}

> 70.9.1.4 All military aircraft will be equipped with a Global Position
> System (GPS), or its equivalent, to be used for locating the position
> of the aircraft at all times by referencing latitude and longitude
> coordinates.
>
> 70.9.2 [Non-Designated Military Mission]{.underline}. Non-Designated
> Military Mission aircraft will include Designated Military Mission
> equipment and the following:
>
> 70.9.2.1 One Mil-Spec cargo hook employing both electric or hydraulic
> and manual release systems and rated at the maximum lifting capacity
> of the aircraft.
>
> 70.9.2.2 Adequate tie-down straps, nets or other devices for securing
> cargo in the cabin or cargo compartment. These devices shall be simple
> in function and have the capability of being installed quickly.
>
> 70.9.2.3 The agency may provide to the military one variable capacity
> bucket and rigging with a capacity commensurate with the maximum
> lifting capabilities of the aircraft. For Type 1 helicopters, either
> an agency approved bucket or an approved fixed tank is acceptable.
> Either the weight of the bucket and capacity at each adjustment level
> shall be marked on the bucket or the operator shall have a written
> statement of the maximum capacity (weight) at each adjustment point.
> Buckets provided by the agency will be returned to the NIFC or
> designated fire cache for refurbishment. The military will provide the
> appropriate rigging to interface with agency provided buckets.
>
> 70.9.2.4 All external load operations and equipment will meet
> Interagency Helicopter Operations Guide (IHOG) or Military
> specifications.
>
> 70.9.2.5 The agency may provide long line and or remote cargo hooks
> with release system and brush guard or cage rated at no less than the
> primary hook capacity.

-   The military will provide the appropriate rigging to interface with
    agency provided long lines.

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

70.10 [Agency Mobilization Checklist for Military
Helicopters]{.underline}.

The following checklist can be used as a guide when initiating
mobilization plans for the military helicopter units on incidents:

-   Order for military helicopters has been properly initiated through
    the appropriate dispatch unit. Military is informed of incident
    number and job/charge code (fund cite) for the incident.

-   Number of helicopters ordered is sufficient considering maintenance
    and crew changes.

-   Identify unit's designated military mission.

-   Fuel is ordered by proper type for the aircraft. Who is supplying
    the fuel?

-   Regional or area aviation group/management involved with the
    mobilization has been notified.

-   A purchasing unit has been identified.

-   Copy of the Memorandum of Understanding is available as well as
    flight hour costs and crew pay rates available.

-   Adequate agency aviation positions ordered commensurate with the
    military aviation assets.

-   Staging area for helicopters to join up with agency personnel has
    been identified.

-   Helicopters are equipped with proper radio packages or will be
    installed. Frequency cards are included.

-   Incident radio frequencies and contacts are given to military prior
    to entering the incident area.

-   Helibase parking has been selected to accommodate all helicopters
    ordered. Dust abatement ordered.

-   Ground transportation has been arranged prior to arrival.

-   Eating/sleeping facilities have been arranged.

-   Military and agency chain of command/staffs established.

-   Develop an organizational chart with positions for military/agency
    chain of command, to include spaces for names of individuals as
    applicable.

-   Military flight crews have been briefed.

-   Medical evacuation procedures, including crash rescue capabilities
    have been established.

-   Maps and hazard maps made available to pilots.

-   Incident Action Plans are made available.

-   If available, dedicated telephones and radios for use by the
    military.

-   Crew endurance tables (pilot flight hours) and flight duty
    limitations are addressed.

-   Status of aircraft availability (maintenance posture).

-   Keep daily logs, incident reports and completed aircraft pay
    documents.

-   Performance planning and manifesting to be completed for all
    flights.

-   High visibility water soluable paint (temporary) made available for
    marking and identifying helicopters.

-   Security established.

-   Water bucket mechanics available or provisions for bucket repairs
    addressed.

-   DoD OLR/AMCOM team activated if requested for added maintenance
    capability.