### **SECTION 90 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT**

**90-01 MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITIES**.  All work completed under the
contract will be measured by the Engineer, or his/her authorized
representatives, using United States Customary Units of Measurement or
the International System of Units.

The method of measurement and computations to be used in determination
of quantities of material furnished and of work performed under the
contract will be those methods generally recognized as conforming to
good engineering practice.

Unless otherwise specified, longitudinal measurements for area
computations will be made horizontally, and no deductions will be made
for individual fixtures (or leave-outs) having an area of 9 square feet
(0.8 square meter) or less.  Unless otherwise specified, transverse
measurements for area computations will be the neat dimensions shown on
the plans or ordered in writing by the Engineer.

Structures will be measured according to neat lines shown on the plans
or as altered to fit field conditions.

Unless otherwise specified, all contract items which are measured by the
linear foot such as electrical ducts, conduits, pipe culverts,
underdrains, and similar items shall be measured parallel to the base or
foundation upon which such items are placed.

In computing volumes of excavation the average end area method or other
acceptable methods will be used.

The thickness of plates and galvanized sheet used in the manufacture of
corrugated metal pipe, metal plate pipe culverts and arches, and metal
cribbing will be specified and measured in decimal fraction of inches.

The term \`\`ton\'\' will mean the short ton consisting of 2,000 pounds
(907 kilograms) avoirdupois.  All materials that are measured or
proportioned by weights shall be weighed on accurate, approved scales by
competent, qualified personnel at locations designed by the Engineer. 
If material is shipped by rail, the car weight may be accepted provided
that only the actual weight of material is paid for.  However, car
weights will not be acceptable for material to be passed through mixing
plants.  Trucks used to haul material being paid for by weight shall be
weighed empty daily at such times as the Engineer directs, and each
truck shall bear a plainly legible identification mark.

Materials to be measured by volume in the hauling vehicle shall be
hauled in approved vehicles and measured therein at the point of
delivery.  Vehicles for this purpose may be of any size or type
acceptable to the Engineer, provided that the body is of such shape that
the actual contents may be readily and accurately determined.  All
vehicles shall be loaded to at least their water level capacity, and all
loads shall be leveled when the vehicles arrive at the point of
delivery.

When requested by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer in
writing, material specified to be measured by the cubic yard (cubic
meter) may be weighed, and such weights will be converted to cubic yards
(cubic meters) for payment purposes.  Factors for conversion from weight
measurement to volume measurement will be determined by the Engineer and
shall be agreed to by the Contractor before such method of measurement
of pay quantities is used.

Bituminous materials will be measured by the gallon (liter) or ton
(kilogram).  When measured by volume, such volumes will be measured at
60 F (15 C) or will be corrected to the volume at 60 F (15 C) using ASTM
D 1250 for asphalts or ASTM D 633 for tars.

Net certified scale weights or weights based on certified volumes in the
case of rail shipments will be used as a basis of measurement, subject
to correction when bituminous material has been lost from the car or the
distributor, wasted, or otherwise not incorporated in the work.

When bituminous materials are shipped by truck or transport, net
certified weights by volume, subject to correction for loss or foaming,
may be used for computing quantities.

Cement will be measured by the ton (kilogram) or hundredweight
(kilogram).

Timber will be measured by the thousand feet board measure (M.F.B.M.)
actually incorporated in the structure.  Measurement will be based on
nominal widths and thicknesses and the extreme length of each piece.

The term \`\`lump sum\'\' when used as an item of payment will mean
complete payment for the work described in the contract.

When a complete structure or structural unit (in effect, \`\`lump
sum\'\' work) is specified as the unit of measurement, the unit will be
construed to include all necessary fittings and accessories.

Rental of equipment will be measured by time in hours of actual working
time and necessary traveling time of the equipment within the limits of
the work.  Special equipment ordered by the Engineer in connection with
force account work will be measured as agreed in the change order or
supplemental agreement authorizing such force account work as provided
in the subsection titled PAYMENT FOR EXTRA AND FORCE ACCOUNT WORK of
this section.

When standard manufactured items are specified such as fence, wire,
plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduit, etc., and these items are
identified by gage, unit weight, section dimensions, etc., such
identification will be considered to be nominal weights or dimensions. 
Unless more stringently controlled by tolerances in cited
specifications, manufacturing tolerances established by the industries
involved will be accepted.

Scales for weighing materials which are required to be proportioned or
measured and paid for by weight shall be furnished, erected, and
maintained by the Contractor, or be certified permanently installed
commercial scales.

Scales shall be accurate within one-half percent of the correct weight
throughout the range of use.  The Contractor shall have the scales
checked under the observation of the inspector before beginning work and
at such other times as requested.  The intervals shall be uniform in
spacing throughout the graduated or marked length of the beam or dial
and shall not exceed one-tenth of 1 percent of the nominal rated
capacity of the scale, but not less than 1 pound (454 grams).  The use
of spring balances will not be permitted.

Beams, dials, platforms, and other scale equipment shall be so arranged
that the operator and the inspector can safely and conveniently view
them.

Scale installations shall have available ten standard 50-pound (2.3
kilogram) weights for testing the weighing equipment or suitable weights
and devices for other approved equipment.

Scales must be tested for accuracy and serviced before use at a new
site.  Platform scales shall be installed and maintained with the
platform level and rigid bulkheads at each end.

Scales \`\`overweighing\'\' (indicating more than correct weight) will
not be permitted to operate, and all materials received subsequent to
the last previous correct weighting-accuracy test will be reduced by the
percentage of error in excess of one-half of 1 percent.

In the event inspection reveals the scales have been
\`\`underweighing\'\' (indicating less than correct weight), they shall
be adjusted, and no additional payment to the Contractor will be allowed
for materials previously weighed and recorded.

All costs in connection with furnishing, installing, certifying,
testing, and maintaining scales; for furnishing check weights and scale
house; and for all other items specified in this subsection, for the
weighing of materials for proportioning or payment, shall be included in
the unit contract prices for the various items of the project.

When the estimated quantities for a specific portion of the work are
designated as the pay quantities in the contract, they shall be the
final quantities for which payment for such specific portion of the work
will be made, unless the dimensions of said portions of the work shown
on the plans are revised by the Engineer.  If revised dimensions result
in an increase or decrease in the quantities of such work, the final
quantities for payment will be revised in the amount represented by the
authorized changes in the dimensions.

**90-02 SCOPE OF PAYMENT**.  The Contractor shall receive and accept
compensation provided for in the contract as full payment for furnishing
all materials, for performing all work under the contract in a complete
and acceptable manner, and for all risk, loss, damage, or expense of
whatever character arising out of the nature of the work or the
prosecution thereof, subject to the provisions of the subsection titled
NO WAIVER OF LEGAL RIGHTS of Section 70.

When the \`\`basis of payment\'\' subsection of a technical
specification requires that the contract price (price bid) include
compensation for certain work or material essential to the item, this
same work or material will not also be measured for payment under any
other contract item which may appear elsewhere in the contract, plans,
or specifications.

**90-03 COMPENSATION FOR ALTERED QUANTITIES**.  When the accepted
quantities of work vary from the quantities in the proposal, the
Contractor shall accept as payment in full, so far as contract items are
concerned, payment at the original contract price for the accepted
quantities of work actually completed and accepted.  No allowance,
except as provided for in the subsection titled ALTERATION OF WORK AND
QUANTITIES of Section 40 will be made for any increased expense, loss of
expected reimbursement, or loss of anticipated profits suffered or
claimed by the Contractor which results directly from such alterations
or indirectly from his/her unbalanced allocation of overhead and profit
among the contract items, or from any other cause.

**90-04 PAYMENT FOR OMITTED ITEMS**.  As specified in the subsection
titled OMITTED ITEMS of Section 40, the Engineer shall have the right to
omit from the work (order nonperformance) any contract item, except
major contract items, in the best interest of the Owner.

Should the Engineer omit or order nonperformance of a contract item or
portion of such item from the work, the Contractor shall accept payment
in full at the contract prices for any work actually completed and
acceptable prior to the Engineer\'s order to omit or nonperform such
contract item.

Acceptable materials ordered by the Contractor or delivered on the work
prior to the date of the Engineer\'s order will be paid for at the
actual cost to the Contractor and shall thereupon become the property of
the Owner.

In addition to the reimbursement hereinbefore provided, the Contractor
shall be reimbursed for all actual costs incurred for the purpose of
performing the omitted contract item prior to the date of the
Engineer\'s order.  Such additional costs incurred by the Contractor
must be directly related to the deleted contract item and shall be
supported by certified statements by the Contractor as to the nature the
amount of such costs.

**90-05 PAYMENT FOR EXTRA AND FORCE ACCOUNT WORK**.  Extra work,
performed in accordance with the subsection titled EXTRA WORK of Section
40, will be paid for at the contract prices or agreed prices specified
in the change order or supplemental agreement authorizing the extra
work.  When the change order or supplemental agreement authorizing the
extra work requires that it be done by force account, such force account
shall be measured and paid for based on expended labor, equipment, and
materials plus a negotiated and agreed upon allowance for overhead and
profit.

**a. Miscellaneous**.  No additional allowance will be made for general
superintendence, the use of small tools, or other costs for which no
specific allowance is herein provided.

**b. Comparison of Record**.  The Contractor and the Engineer shall
compare records of the cost of force account work at the end of each
day.  Agreement shall be indicated by signature of the Contractor and
the Engineer or their duly authorized representatives.

**c. Statement**.  No payment will be made for work performed on a force
account basis until the Contractor has furnished the Engineer with
duplicate itemized statements of the cost of such force account work
detailed as follows:

**(1)**  Name, classification, date, daily hours, total hours, rate and
extension for each laborer and foreman.

**(2)**  Designation, dates, daily hours, total hours, rental rate, and
extension for each unit of machinery and equipment.

**(3)**  Quantities of materials, prices, and extensions.

**(4)**  Transportation of materials.

**(5)**  Cost of property damage, liability and workman\'s compensation
insurance premiums, unemployment insurance contributions, and social
security tax.

Statements shall be accompanied and supported by a receipted invoice for
all materials used and transportation charges.  However, if materials
used on the force account work are not specifically purchased for such
work but are taken from the Contractor\'s stock, then in lieu of the
invoices the Contractor shall furnish an affidavit certifying that such
materials were taken from his/her stock, that the quantity claimed was
actually used, and that the price and transportation claimed represent
the actual cost to the Contractor.

**90-06 PARTIAL PAYMENTS**.  Partial payments will be made at least once
each month as the work progresses.  Said payments will be based upon
estimates prepared by the Engineer of the value of the work performed
and materials  complete in place in accordance with the contract, plans,
and specifications.  Such partial payments may also include the
delivered actual cost of those materials stockpiled and stored in
accordance with the subsection titled PAYMENT FOR MATERIALS ON HAND of
this section.

No partial payment will be made when the amount due the Contractor since
the last estimate amounts to less than five hundred dollars.

From the total of the amount determined to be payable on a partial
payment, 10 percent of such total amount will be deducted and retained
by the Owner until the final payment is made, except as may be provided
(at the Contractor\'s option) in the subsection titled PAYMENT OF
WITHHELD FUNDS of this section. The balance (90 percent) of the amount
payable, less all previous payments, shall be certified for payment. 
Should the Contractor exercise his/her option, as provided in the
subsection titled PAYMENT OF WITHHELD FUNDS of this section, no such 10
percent retainage shall be deducted.

When not less than 95 percent of the work has been completed, the
Engineer may, at the Owner\'s discretion and with the consent of the
surety, prepare an estimate from which will be retained an amount not
less than twice the contract value or estimated cost, whichever is
greater, of the work remaining to be done.  The remainder, less all
previous payments and deductions, will then be certified for payment to
the Contractor.

It is understood and agreed that the Contractor shall not be entitled to
demand or receive partial payment based on quantities of work in excess
of those provided in the proposal or covered by approved change orders
or supplemental agreements, except when such excess quantities have been
determined by the Engineer to be a part of the final quantity for the
item of work in question.

No partial payment shall bind the Owner to the acceptance of any
materials or work in place as to quality or quantity.  All partial
payments are subject to correction at the time of final payment as
provided in the subsection titled ACCEPTANCE AND FINAL PAYMENT of this
section.

The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner a complete release of all
claims for labor and material arising out of this contract before the
final retained percentage or final payment is made. If any subcontractor
or supplier fails to furnish such a release in full, the Contractor may
furnish a bond or other collateral satisfactory to the Owner to
indemnify the Owner against any potential lien or other such claim. The
bond or collateral shall include all costs, expenses, and attorney fees
the Owner may be compelled to pay in discharging any such lien or claim.

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> **In some areas, release of liens prior to paying the full amount to
> the prime contractor may void the contract. In those areas, revise the
> previous paragraph as required to meet all state and local
> regulations.**

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**90-07 PAYMENT FOR MATERIALS ON HAND.**  Partial payments may be made
to the extent of the delivered cost of materials to be incorporated in
the work, provided that such materials meet the requirements of the
contract, plans, and specifications and are delivered to acceptable
sites on the airport property or at other sites in the vicinity that are
acceptable to the Owner.  Such delivered costs of stored or stockpiled
materials may be included in the next partial payment after the
following conditions are met:

**a.**  The material has been stored or stockpiled in a manner
acceptable to the Engineer at or on an approved site.

**b.**  The Contractor has furnished the Engineer with acceptable
evidence of the quantity and quality of such stored or stockpiled
materials.

**c.**  The Contractor has furnished the Engineer with satisfactory
evidence that the material and transportation costs have been paid.

**d.**  The Contractor has furnished the Owner legal title (free of
liens or encumbrances of any kind) to the material so stored or
stockpiled.

**e.**  The Contractor has furnished the Owner evidence that the
material so stored or stockpiled is insured against loss by damage to or
disappearance of such materials at anytime prior to use in the work.

It is understood and agreed that the transfer of title and the Owner\'s
payment for such stored or stockpiled materials shall in no way relieve
the Contractor of his/her responsibility for furnishing and placing such
materials in accordance with the requirements of the contract, plans,
and specifications.

In no case will the amount of partial payments for materials on hand
exceed the contract price for such materials or the contract price for
the contract item in which the material is intended to be used.

No partial payment will be made for stored or stockpiled living or
perishable plant materials.

The Contractor shall bear all costs associated with the partial payment
of stored or stockpiled materials in accordance with the provisions of
this subsection.

**90-08 PAYMENT OF WITHHELD FUNDS**.  At the Contractor\'s option,
he/she may request that the Owner accept (in lieu of the 10 percent
retainage on partial payments described in the subsection titled PARTIAL
PAYMENTS of this section) the Contractor\'s deposits in escrow under the
following conditions.

**a.**  The Contractor shall bear all expenses of establishing and
maintaining an escrow account and escrow agreement acceptable to the
Owner.

**b.**  The Contractor shall deposit to and maintain in such escrow only
those securities or bank certificates of deposit as are acceptable to
the Owner and having a value not less than the 10 percent retainage that
would otherwise be withheld from partial payment.

**c.**  The Contractor shall enter into an escrow agreement satisfactory
to the Owner.

**d.**  The Contractor shall obtain the written consent of the surety to
such agreement.

**90-09 ACCEPTANCE AND FINAL PAYMENT**.  When the contract work has been
accepted in accordance with the requirements of the subsection titled
FINAL ACCEPTANCE of Section 50, the Engineer will prepare the final
estimate of the items of work actually performed.  The Contractor shall
approve the Engineer\'s final estimate or advise the Engineer of his/her
objections to the final estimate which are based on disputes in
measurements or computations of the final quantities to be paid under
the contract as amended by change order or supplemental agreement.  The
Contractor and the Engineer shall resolve all disputes (if any) in the
measurement and computation of final quantities to be paid within 30
calendar days of the Contractor\'s receipt of the Engineer\'s final
estimate.  If, after such 30-day period, a dispute still exists, the
Contractor may approve the Engineer\'s estimate under protest of the
quantities in dispute, and such disputed quantities shall be considered
by the Owner as a claim in accordance with the subsection titled CLAIMS
FOR ADJUSTMENT AND DISPUTES of Section 50.

After the Contractor has approved, or approved under protest, the
Engineer\'s final estimate, final payment will be processed based on the
entire sum, or the undisputed sum in case of approval under protest,
determined to be due the Contractor less all previous payments and all
amounts to be deducted under the provisions of the contract.  All prior
partial estimates and payments shall be subject to correction in the
final estimate and payment.

If the Contractor has filed a claim for additional compensation under
the provisions of the subsection titled CLAIMS FOR ADJUSTMENTS AND
DISPUTES of Section 50 or under the provisions of this subsection, such
claims will be considered by the Owner in accordance with local laws or
ordinances.  Upon final adjudication of such claims, any additional
payment determined to be due the Contractor will be paid pursuant to a
supplemental final estimate.

**END OF SECTION 90**

### **SECTION 100 CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM**

**100‑01 GENERAL.** When the specification requires a Contractor Quality
Control Program, the Contractor shall establish, provide, and maintain
an effective Quality Control Program that details the methods and
procedures that will be taken to assure that all materials and completed
construction required by this contract conform to contract plans,
technical specifications and other requirements, whether manufactured by
the Contractor, or procured from subcontractors or vendors. Although
guidelines are established and certain minimum requirements are
specified herein and elsewhere in the contract technical specifications,
the Contractor shall assume full responsibility for accomplishing the
stated purpose.

The intent of this section is to enable the Contractor to establish a
necessary level of control that will:

**a.** Adequately provide for the production of acceptable quality
materials.

**b.** Provide sufficient information to assure both the Contractor and
the Engineer that the specification requirements can be met.

**c.** Allow the Contractor as much latitude as possible to develop his
or her own standard of control.

The Contractor shall be prepared to discuss and present, at the
preconstruction conference, his/her understanding of the quality control
requirements. The Contractor shall not begin any construction or
production of materials to be incorporated into the completed work until
the Quality Control Program has been reviewed by the Engineer. No
partial payment will be made for materials subject to specific quality
control requirements until the Quality Control Program has been
reviewed.

The quality control requirements contained in this section and elsewhere
in the contract technical specifications are in addition to and separate
from the acceptance testing requirements. Acceptance testing
requirements are the responsibility of the Engineer.

**100‑02 DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM.**

**a. General Description.** The Contractor shall establish a Quality
Control Program to perform inspection and testing of all items of work
required by the technical specifications, including those performed by
subcontractors. This Quality Control Program shall ensure conformance to
applicable specifications and plans with respect to materials,
workmanship, construction, finish, and functional performance. The
Quality Control Program shall be effective for control of all
construction work performed under this Contract and shall specifically
include surveillance and tests required by the technical specifications,
in addition to other requirements of this section and any other
activities deemed necessary by the Contractor to establish an effective
level of quality control.

**b. Quality Control Program.** The Contractor shall describe the
Quality Control Program in a written document that shall be reviewed by
the Engineer prior to the start of any production, construction, or
off‑site fabrication. The written Quality Control Program shall be
submitted to the Engineer for review at least **\[ \]** calendar days
before

the **\[ \]**.

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> **The Engineer should choose an adequate period for review. A minimum
> of 5 days before the preconstruction conference or the start of work
> is recommended.**
>
> **Submittal of the written Quality Control Program prior to the
> preconstruction conference will allow the Engineer to review the
> contents and make suggestions at the preconstruction meeting.**
>
> **Submittal of the written Quality Control Program prior to the start
> of work will allow for detailed discussion of the requirements at the
> preconstruction meeting. This will give the Contractor a better
> understanding of the requirements before developing the Quality
> Control Program.**
>
> **When selecting the required days for the contractor to submit the
> Quality Control program, adequate time should be allowed for the
> Quality Control Program to be a supplement to the Owner\'s
> Construction Management Plan.**

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The Quality Control Program shall be organized to address, as a minimum,
the following items:

**a.** Quality control organization;

**b.** Project progress schedule;

**c.** Submittals schedule;

**d.** Inspection requirements;

**e.** Quality control testing plan;

**f.** Documentation of quality control activities; and

**g.** Requirements for corrective action when quality control and/or
acceptance criteria are not met.

The Contractor is encouraged to add any additional elements to the
Quality Control Program that he/she deems necessary to adequately
control all production and/or construction processes required by this
contract.

**100‑03 QUALITY CONTROL ORGANIZATION.** The Contractor Quality Control
Program shall be implemented by the establishment of a separate quality
control organization. An organizational chart shall be developed to show
all quality control personnel and how these personnel integrate with
other management/production and construction functions and personnel.

The organizational chart shall identify all quality control staff by
name and function, and shall indicate the total staff required to
implement all elements of the Quality Control Program, including
inspection and testing for each item of work. If necessary, different
technicians can be utilized for specific inspection and testing
functions for different items of work. If an outside organization or
independent testing laboratory is used for implementation of all or part
of the Quality Control Program, the personnel assigned shall be subject
to the qualification requirements of paragraph 100‑03a and 100‑03b. The
organizational chart shall indicate which personnel are Contractor
employees and which are provided by an outside organization.

The quality control organization shall consist of the following minimum
personnel:

**a. Program Administrator.** The Program Administrator shall be a
full‑time employee of the Contractor, or a consultant engaged by the
Contractor. The Program Administrator shall have a minimum of 5 years of
experience in airport and/or highway construction and shall have had
prior quality control experience on a project of comparable size and
scope as the contract.

Additional qualifications for the Program Administrator shall include at
least 1 of the following requirements:

**(1)** Professional engineer with 1 year of airport paving experience
acceptable to the Engineer.

**(2)** Engineer‑in‑training with 2 years of airport paving experience
acceptable to the Engineer.

**(3)** An individual with 3 years of highway and/or airport paving
experience acceptable to the Engineer, with a Bachelor of Science Degree
in Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Technology or Construction.

**(4)** Construction materials technician certified at Level III by the
National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies
(NICET).

**(5)** Highway materials technician certified at Level III by NICET.

**(6)** Highway construction technician certified at Level III by NICET.

**(7)** A NICET certified engineering technician in Civil Engineering
Technology with 5 years of highway and/or airport paving experience
acceptable to the Engineer.

The Program Administrator shall have full authority to institute any and
all actions necessary for the successful implementation of the Quality
Control Program to ensure compliance with the contract plans and
technical specifications. The Program Administrator shall report
directly to a responsible officer of the construction firm. The Program
Administrator may supervise the Quality Control Program on more than one
project provided that person can be at the job site within 2 hours after
being notified of a problem.

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> **If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the project is of sufficient
> scope and size to warrant a full time, on‑site Program Administrator,
> paragraph 100‑03a should be modified accordingly.**

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**b. Quality Control Technicians.** A sufficient number of quality
control technicians necessary to adequately implement the Quality
Control Program shall be provided. These personnel shall be either
engineers, engineering technicians, or experienced craftsman with
qualifications in the appropriate field equivalent to NICET Level II or
higher construction materials technician or highway construction
technician and shall have a minimum of 2 years of experience in their
area of expertise.

The quality control technicians shall report directly to the Program
Administrator and shall perform the following functions:

**(1)** Inspection of all materials, construction, plant, and equipment
for conformance to the technical specifications, and as required by
Section 100‑06.

**(2)** Performance of all quality control tests as required by the
technical specifications and Section 100‑07.

Certification at an equivalent level, by a state or nationally
recognized organization will be acceptable in lieu of NICET
certification.

**c. Staffing Levels.** The Contractor shall provide sufficient
qualified quality control personnel to monitor each work activity at all
times. Where material is being produced in a plant for incorporation
into the work, separate plant and field technicians shall be provided at
each plant and field placement location. The scheduling and coordinating
of all inspection and testing must match the type and pace of work
activity. The Quality Control Program shall state where different
technicians will be required for different work elements.

**100‑04 PROJECT PROGRESS SCHEDULE.** The Contractor shall submit a
coordinated construction schedule for all work activities. The schedule
shall be prepared as a network diagram in Critical Path Method (CPM),
PERT, or other format, or as otherwise specified in the contract. As a
minimum, it shall provide information on the sequence of work
activities, milestone dates, and activity duration.

The Contractor shall maintain the work schedule and provide an update
and analysis of the progress schedule on a twice monthly basis, or as
otherwise specified in the contract. Submission of the work schedule
shall not relieve the Contractor of overall responsibility for
scheduling, sequencing, and coordinating all work to comply with the
requirements of the contract.

**100‑05 SUBMITTALS SCHEDULE.** The Contractor shall submit a detailed
listing of all submittals (e.g., mix designs, material certifications)
and shop drawings required by the technical specifications. The listing
can be developed in a spreadsheet format and shall include:

**a.** Specification item number;

**b.** Item description;

**c.** Description of submittal;

**d.** Specification paragraph requiring submittal; and

**e.** Scheduled date of submittal.

**100‑06 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS.** Quality control inspection functions
shall be organized to provide inspections for all definable features of
work, as detailed below. All inspections shall be documented by the
Contractor as specified by Section 100‑07.

Inspections shall be performed daily to ensure continuing compliance
with contract requirements until completion of the particular feature of
work. These shall include the following minimum requirements:

**a.** During plant operation for material production, quality control
test results and periodic inspections shall be utilized to ensure the
quality of aggregates and other mix components, and to adjust and
control mix proportioning to meet the approved mix design and other
requirements of the technical specifications. All equipment utilized in
proportioning and mixing shall be inspected to ensure its proper
operating condition. The Quality Control Program shall detail how these
and other quality control functions will be accomplished and utilized.

**b.** During field operations, quality control test results and
periodic inspections shall be utilized to ensure the quality of all
materials and workmanship. All equipment utilized in placing, finishing,
and compacting shall be inspected to ensure its proper operating
condition and to ensure that all such operations are in conformance to
the technical specifications and are within the plan dimensions, lines,
grades, and tolerances specified. The Program shall document how these
and other quality control functions will be accomplished and utilized.

**100‑07 QUALITY CONTROL TESTING PLAN.** As a part of the overall
Quality Control Program, the Contractor shall implement a quality
control testing plan, as required by the technical specifications. The
testing plan shall include the minimum tests and test frequencies
required by each technical specification Item, as well as any additional
quality control tests that the Contractor deems necessary to adequately
control production and/or construction processes.

The testing plan can be developed in a spreadsheet fashion and shall, as
a minimum, include the following:

**a.** Specification item number (e.g., P‑401);

**b.** Item description (e.g., Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements);

**c.** Test type (e.g., gradation, grade, asphalt content);

**d.** Test standard (e.g., ASTM or AASHTO test number, as applicable);

**e.** Test frequency (e.g., as required by technical specifications or
minimum frequency when requirements are not stated);

**f.** Responsibility (e.g., plant technician); and

**g.** Control requirements (e.g., target, permissible deviations).

The testing plan shall contain a statistically‑based procedure of random
sampling for acquiring test samples in accordance with ASTM D 3665. The
Engineer shall be provided the opportunity to witness quality control
sampling and testing.

All quality control test results shall be documented by the Contractor
as required by Section 100‑08.

**100‑08 DOCUMENTATION.** The Contractor shall maintain current quality
control records of all inspections and tests performed. These records
shall include factual evidence that the required inspections or tests
have been performed, including type and number of inspections or tests
involved; results of inspections or tests; nature of defects,
deviations, causes for rejection, etc.; proposed remedial action; and
corrective actions taken.

These records must cover both conforming and defective or deficient
features, and must include a statement that all supplies and materials
incorporated in the work are in full compliance with the terms of the
contract. Legible copies of these records shall be furnished to the
Engineer daily. The records shall cover all work placed subsequent to
the previously furnished records and shall be verified and signed by the
Contractor\'s Program Administrator.

Specific Contractor quality control records required for the contract
shall include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following
records:

**a. Daily Inspection Reports.** Each Contractor quality control
technician shall maintain a daily log of all inspections performed for
both Contractor and subcontractor operations on a form acceptable to the
Engineer. These technician\'s daily reports shall provide factual
evidence that continuous quality control inspections have been performed
and shall, as a minimum, include the following:

**(1)** Technical specification item number and description;

**(2)** Compliance with approved submittals;

**(3)** Proper storage of materials and equipment;

**(4)** Proper operation of all equipment;

**(5)** Adherence to plans and technical specifications;

**(6)** Review of quality control tests; and

**(7)** Safety inspection.

The daily inspection reports shall identify inspections conducted,
results of inspections, location and nature of defects found, causes for
rejection, and remedial or corrective actions taken or proposed.

The daily inspection reports shall be signed by the responsible quality
control technician and the Program Administrator. The Engineer shall be
provided at least one copy of each daily inspection report on the work
day following the day of record.

**b. Daily Test Reports.** The Contractor shall be responsible for
establishing a system that will record all quality control test results.
Daily test reports shall document the following information:

**(1)** Technical specification item number and description;

**(2)** Test designation;

**(3)** Location;

**(4)** Date of test;

**(5)** Control requirements;

**(6)** Test results;

**(7)** Causes for rejection;

**(8)** Recommended remedial actions; and

**(9)** Retests.

Test results from each day\'s work period shall be submitted to the
Engineer prior to the start of the next day\'s work period. When
required by the technical specifications, the Contractor shall maintain
statistical quality control charts. The daily test reports shall be
signed by the responsible quality control technician and the Program
Administrator.

**100‑09 CORRECTIVE ACTION REQUIREMENTS.** The Quality Control Program
shall indicate the appropriate action to be taken when a process is
deemed, or believed, to be out of control (out of tolerance) and detail
what action will be taken to bring the process into control. The
requirements for corrective action shall include both general
requirements for operation of the Quality Control Program as a whole,
and for individual items of work contained in the technical
specifications.

The Quality Control Program shall detail how the results of quality
control inspections and tests will be used for determining the need for
corrective action and shall contain clear sets of rules to gauge when a
process is out of control and the type of correction to be taken to
regain process control.

When applicable or required by the technical specifications, the
Contractor shall establish and utilize statistical quality control
charts for individual quality control tests. The requirements for
corrective action shall be linked to the control charts.

**100‑10 SURVEILLANCE BY THE ENGINEER.** All items of material and
equipment shall be subject to surveillance by the Engineer at the point
of production, manufacture or shipment to determine if the Contractor,
producer, manufacturer or shipper maintains an adequate quality control
system in conformance with the requirements detailed herein and the
applicable technical specifications and plans. In addition, all items of
materials, equipment and work in place shall be subject to surveillance
by the Engineer at the site for the same purpose.

Surveillance by the Engineer does not relieve the Contractor of
performing quality control inspections of either on‑site or off‑site
Contractor\'s or subcontractor\'s work.

**100‑11 NONCOMPLIANCE.**

**a.** The Engineer will notify the Contractor of any noncompliance with
any of the foregoing requirements. The Contractor shall, after receipt
of such notice, immediately take corrective action. Any notice, when
delivered by the Engineer or his/her authorized representative to the
Contractor or his/her authorized representative at the site of the work,
shall be considered sufficient notice.

**b.** In cases where quality control activities do not comply with
either the Contractor Quality Control Program or the contract
provisions, or where the Contractor fails to properly operate and
maintain an effective Quality Control Program, as determined by the
Engineer, the Engineer may:

**(1)** Order the Contractor to replace ineffective or unqualified
quality control personnel or subcontractors.

**(2)** Order the Contractor to stop operations until appropriate
corrective actions are taken.

**END OF SECTION 100**

### **SECTION 110 METHOD OF ESTIMATING PERCENTAGE OF MATERIAL WITHIN SPECIFICATION LIMITS (PWL)**

**110‑01 GENERAL.** When the specifications provide for acceptance of
material based on the method of estimating percentage of material within
specification limits (PWL), the PWL will be determined in accordance
with this section. All test results for a lot will be analyzed
statistically to determine the total estimated percent of the lot that
is within specification limits. The PWL is computed using the sample
average (X) and sample standard deviation (S~n~) of the specified number
(n) of sublots for the lot and the specification tolerance limits, L for
lower and U for upper, for the particular acceptance parameter. From
these values, the respective Quality index(s), Q~L~ for Lower Quality
Index and/or Q~U~ for Upper Quality Index, is computed and the PWL for
the lot for the specified n is determined from Table 1. All
specification limits specified in the technical sections shall be
absolute values. Test results used in the calculations shall be to the
significant figure given in the test procedure.

There is some degree of uncertainty (risk) in the measurement for
acceptance because only a small fraction of production material (the
population) is sampled and tested. This uncertainty exists because all
portions of the production material have the same probability to be
randomly sampled. The Contractor\'s risk is the probability that
material produced at the acceptable quality level is rejected or
subjected to a pay adjustment. The Owner's risk is the probability that
material produced at the rejectable quality level is accepted.

IT IS THE INTENT OF THIS SECTION TO INFORM THE CONTRACTOR THAT, IN ORDER
TO CONSISTENTLY OFFSET THE CONTRACTOR'S RISK FOR MATERIAL EVALUATED,
PRODUCTION QUALITY (USING POPULATION AVERAGE AND POPULATION STANDARD
DEVIATION) MUST BE MAINTAINED AT THE ACCEPTABLE QUALITY SPECIFIED OR
HIGHER. IN ALL CASES, IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR TO
PRODUCE AT QUALITY LEVELS THAT WILL MEET THE SPECIFIED ACCEPTANCE
CRITERIA WHEN SAMPLED AND TESTED AT THE FREQUENCIES SPECIFIED.

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **Paragraph 110-01 shall be included verbatim in all projects.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

**110‑02 METHOD FOR COMPUTING PWL.** The computational sequence for
computing PWL is as follows:

**a.** Divide the lot into n sublots in accordance with the acceptance
requirements of the specification.

**b**. Locate the random sampling position within the sublot in
accordance with the requirements of the specification.

**c.** Make a measurement at each location, or take a test portion and
make the measurement on the test portion in

accordance with the testing requirements of the specification.

**d.** Find the sample average (X) for all sublot values within the lot
by using the following formula:

X = (x~1~ + x~2~ + x~3~ + . . .x~n~) / n

Where: X = Sample average of all sublot values within a lot

x~1~, x~2~ = Individual sublot values

n = Number of sublots

**e.** Find the sample standard deviation (S~n~) by use of the following
formula:

S~n~ = \[(d~1~^2^ + d~2~^2^ + d~3~^2^ + . . .d~n~^2^)/(n‑1)\]^1/2^

Where: S~n~ = Sample standard deviation of the number of sublot values
in the set

d~1~, d~2~, = Deviations of the individual sublot values x~1~, x~2~, ...
from the average value X

that is: d~1~ = (x~1~ ‑ X), d~2~ = (x~2~ ‑ X) ... d~n~ = (x~n~ ‑ X)

n = Number of sublots

**f.** For single sided specification limits (i.e., L only), compute the
Lower Quality Index Q~L~ by use of the following formula:

Q~L~ = (X ‑ L) / S~n~

Where: L = specification lower tolerance limit

Estimate the percentage of material within limits (PWL) by entering
Table 1 with Q~L~, using the column appropriate to the total number (n)
of measurements. If the value of Q~L~ falls between values shown on the
table, use the next higher value of PWL.

**g.** For double-sided specification limits (i.e. L and U), compute the
Quality Indexes Q~L~ and Q~U~ by use of the following formulas:

Q~L~ = (X ‑ L) / Sn and Q~U~ = (U ‑ X) / Sn

Where: L and U = specification lower and upper tolerance limits

Estimate the percentage of material between the lower (L) and upper (U)
tolerance limits (PWL) by entering Table 1 separately with Q~L~ and
Q~U~, using the column appropriate to the total number (n) of
measurements, and determining the percent of material above P~L~ and
percent of material below P~U~ for each tolerance limit. If the values
of Q~L~ fall between values shown on the table, use the next higher
value of P~L~ or P~U~. Determine the PWL by use of the following
formula:

PWL = (P~U~ + P~L~) ‑ 100

Where: P~L~ = percent within lower specification limit

P~U~ = percent within upper specification limit

**EXAMPLE OF PWL CALCULATION**

**Project:** Example Project

**Test Item:** Item P‑401, Lot A.

**A. PWL Determination for Mat Density.**

**1.** Density of four random cores taken from Lot A.

A‑1 96.60

A‑2 97.55

A‑3 99.30

A‑4 98.35

n = 4

**2.** Calculate average density for the lot.

X = (x1 + x2 + x3 + . . .xn) / n

X = (96.60 + 97.55 + 99.30 + 98.35) / 4

X = 97.95 percent density

**3.** Calculate the standard deviation for the lot.

Sn = \[((96.60 ‑ 97.95)^2^ + (97.55 ‑ 97.95)^2^ +(99.30 ‑97.95)^2^ +
(98.35 ‑97.95)^2^)) / (4 ‑ 1)\]^1/2^

Sn = \[(1.82 + 0.16 + 1.82 + 0.16) / 3\]^1/2^

Sn = 1.15

**4.** Calculate the Lower Quality Index Q~L~ for the lot. (L=96.3)

Q~L~ = (X ‑L) / Sn

Q~L~ = (97.95 ‑ 96.30) / 1.15

Q~L~ = 1.4348

**5.** Determine PWL by entering Table 1 with Q~L~= 1.44 and n= 4.

PWL = 98

**B. PWL Determination for Air Voids.**

**1.** Air Voids of four random samples taken from Lot A.

A‑1 5.00

A‑2 3.74

A‑3 2.30

A‑4 3.25

**2.** Calculate the average air voids for the lot.

X = (x1 + x + x3 . . .n) / n

X = (5.00 + 3.74 + 2.30 + 3.25) / 4

X = 3.57 percent

**3.** Calculate the standard deviation Sn for the lot.

Sn = \[((3.57 ‑ 5.00)^2^ + (3.57 ‑ 3.74)^2^ + (3.57 ‑ 2.30)^2^ + (3.57
‑3.25)^2^) / (4 ‑ 1)\]^1/2^

Sn = \[(2.04 + 0.03 + 1.62 + 0.10 ) / 3\]^1/2^

Sn = 1.12

**4.** Calculate the Lower Quality Index Q~L~ for the lot. (L= 2.0)

Q~L~ = (X ‑ L) / Sn

Q~L~ = (3.57 ‑ 2.00) / 1.12

Q~L~ = 1.3992

**5.** Determine P~L~ by entering Table 1 with Q~L~ = 1.41 and n = 4.

PL = 97

**6.** Calculate the Upper Quality Index Q~U~ for the lot. (U= 5.0)

Q~U~ = (U ‑ X) / Sn

Q~U~ = (5.00 ‑ 3.57) / 1.12

Q~U~ = 1.2702

**7.** Determine P~U~ by entering Table 1 with Q~U~ = 1.29 and n = 4.

P~U~ = 93

**8.** Calculate Air Voids PWL

> PWL = (P~L~ + P~U~) ‑ 100
>
> PWL = (97 + 93) ‑ 100 = 90

**EXAMPLE OF OUTLIER CALCULATION (Reference ASTM E 78)**

**Project:** Example Project

**Test Item:** Item P‑401, Lot A.

**A. Outlier Determination for Mat Density.**

**1.** Density of four random cores taken from Lot A. arranged in
descending order.

A‑3 99.30

A‑4 98.35

A‑2 97.55

A‑1 96.60

**2.** Use n=4 and upper 5 percent significance level of to find the
critical value for test criterion = 1.463.

**3.** Use average density, standard deviation, and test criterion value
to evaluate density measurements.

**a.** For measurements greater than the average:

If: (measurement - average)/(standard deviation) is less than test
criterion,

Then: the measurement is not considered an outlier

for A‑3 Check if ( 99.30 - 97.95 ) / 1.15 greater than 1.463

1.174 is less than 1.463, the value is not an outlier

**b.** For measurements less than the average:

If (average - measurement)/(standard deviation) is less than test
criterion,

the measurement is not considered an outlier

for A‑1 Check if ( 97.95 - 96.60 ) / 1.15 greater than 1.463

1.0 is less than 1.463, the value is not an outlier

> NOTE: In this example, a measurement would be considered an outlier if
> the density was:
>
> greater than (97.95+1.463x1.15) = 99.63 percent or,

less than (97.95-1.463x1.15) = 96.27 percent

+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **TABLE 1.   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| TABLE FOR    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| ESTIMATING   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| PERCENT OF   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| LOT WITHIN   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| LIMITS       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (PWL)**      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Percent      | Posi |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Within       | tive |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Limits       | Va   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | lues |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (P~L~ and    | of Q |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| P~U~)        | (    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | Q~L~ |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | and  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | Q    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | ~U~) |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|              | n=3  | n=4  | n=5  | n=6  | n=7  | n=8  | n=9  | n=10 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 99           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 2.   |
|              | 1541 | 4700 | 6714 | 8008 | 8888 | 9520 | 9994 | 0362 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 98           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1524 | 4400 | 6016 | 6982 | 7612 | 8053 | 8379 | 8630 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 97           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1496 | 4100 | 5427 | 6181 | 6661 | 6993 | 7235 | 7420 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 96           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1456 | 3800 | 4897 | 5497 | 5871 | 6127 | 6313 | 6454 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 95           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1405 | 3500 | 4407 | 4887 | 5181 | 5381 | 5525 | 5635 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 94           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1342 | 3200 | 3946 | 4329 | 4561 | 4717 | 4829 | 4914 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 93           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1269 | 2900 | 3508 | 3810 | 3991 | 4112 | 4199 | 4265 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 92           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1184 | 2600 | 3088 | 3323 | 3461 | 3554 | 3620 | 3670 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 91           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1089 | 2300 | 2683 | 2860 | 2964 | 3032 | 3081 | 3118 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 90           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0982 | 2000 | 2290 | 2419 | 2492 | 2541 | 2576 | 2602 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 89           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0864 | 1700 | 1909 | 1995 | 2043 | 2075 | 2098 | 2115 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 88           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0736 | 1400 | 1537 | 1587 | 1613 | 1630 | 1643 | 1653 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 87           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0597 | 1100 | 1173 | 1192 | 1199 | 1204 | 1208 | 1212 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 86           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0448 | 0800 | 0817 | 0808 | 0800 | 0794 | 0791 | 0789 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 85           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0288 | 0500 | 0467 | 0435 | 0413 | 0399 | 0389 | 0382 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 84           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 0.   |
|              | 0119 | 0200 | 0124 | 0071 | 0037 | 0015 | 0000 | 9990 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 83           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9939 | 9900 | 9785 | 9715 | 9671 | 9643 | 9624 | 9610 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 82           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9749 | 9600 | 9452 | 9367 | 9315 | 9281 | 9258 | 9241 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 81           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9550 | 9300 | 9123 | 9025 | 8966 | 8928 | 8901 | 8882 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 80           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9342 | 9000 | 8799 | 8690 | 8625 | 8583 | 8554 | 8533 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 79           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9124 | 8700 | 8478 | 8360 | 8291 | 8245 | 8214 | 8192 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 78           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 8897 | 8400 | 8160 | 8036 | 7962 | 7915 | 7882 | 7858 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 77           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 8662 | 8100 | 7846 | 7716 | 7640 | 7590 | 7556 | 7531 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 76           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 8417 | 7800 | 7535 | 7401 | 7322 | 7271 | 7236 | 7211 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 75           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 8165 | 7500 | 7226 | 7089 | 7009 | 6958 | 6922 | 6896 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 74           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 7904 | 7200 | 6921 | 6781 | 6701 | 6649 | 6613 | 6587 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 73           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 7636 | 6900 | 6617 | 6477 | 6396 | 6344 | 6308 | 6282 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 72           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 7360 | 6600 | 6316 | 6176 | 6095 | 6044 | 6008 | 5982 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 71           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 7077 | 6300 | 6016 | 5878 | 5798 | 5747 | 5712 | 5686 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 70           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 6787 | 6000 | 5719 | 5582 | 5504 | 5454 | 5419 | 5394 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 69           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 6490 | 5700 | 5423 | 5290 | 5213 | 5164 | 5130 | 5105 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 68           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 6187 | 5400 | 5129 | 4999 | 4924 | 4877 | 4844 | 4820 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 67           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 5878 | 5100 | 4836 | 4710 | 4638 | 4592 | 4560 | 4537 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 66           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 5563 | 4800 | 4545 | 4424 | 4355 | 4310 | 4280 | 4257 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 65           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 5242 | 4500 | 4255 | 4139 | 4073 | 4030 | 4001 | 3980 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 64           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 4916 | 4200 | 3967 | 3856 | 3793 | 3753 | 3725 | 3705 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 63           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 4586 | 3900 | 3679 | 3575 | 3515 | 3477 | 3451 | 3432 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 62           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 4251 | 3600 | 3392 | 3295 | 3239 | 3203 | 3179 | 3161 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 61           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 3911 | 3300 | 3107 | 3016 | 2964 | 2931 | 2908 | 2892 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 60           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 3568 | 3000 | 2822 | 2738 | 2691 | 2660 | 2639 | 2624 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 59           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 3222 | 2700 | 2537 | 2461 | 2418 | 2391 | 2372 | 2358 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 58           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 2872 | 2400 | 2254 | 2186 | 2147 | 2122 | 2105 | 2093 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 57           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 2519 | 2100 | 1971 | 1911 | 1877 | 1855 | 1840 | 1829 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 56           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 2164 | 1800 | 1688 | 1636 | 1607 | 1588 | 1575 | 1566 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 55           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 1806 | 1500 | 1406 | 1363 | 1338 | 1322 | 1312 | 1304 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 54           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 1447 | 1200 | 1125 | 1090 | 1070 | 1057 | 1049 | 1042 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 53           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 1087 | 0900 | 0843 | 0817 | 0802 | 0793 | 0786 | 0781 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 52           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 0725 | 0600 | 0562 | 0544 | 0534 | 0528 | 0524 | 0521 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 51           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 0363 | 0300 | 0281 | 0272 | 0267 | 0264 | 0262 | 0260 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 50           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **TABLE 1.   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| TABLE FOR    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| ESTIMATING   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| PERCENT OF   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| LOT WITHIN   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| LIMITS       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (PWL)**      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Percent      | Nega |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Within       | tive |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Limits       | Va   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | lues |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (P~L~ and    | of Q |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| P~U~)        | (    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | Q~L~ |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | and  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | Q    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | ~U~) |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|              | n=3  | n=4  | n=5  | n=6  | n=7  | n=8  | n=9  | n=10 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 49           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 0363 | 0300 | 0281 | 0272 | 0267 | 0264 | 0262 | 0260 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 48           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 0725 | 0600 | 0562 | 0544 | 0534 | 0528 | 0524 | 0521 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 47           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 1087 | 0900 | 0843 | 0817 | 0802 | 0793 | 0786 | 0781 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 46           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 1447 | 1200 | 1125 | 1090 | 1070 | 1057 | 1049 | 1042 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 45           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 1806 | 1500 | 1406 | 1363 | 1338 | 1322 | 1312 | 1304 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 44           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 2164 | 1800 | 1688 | 1636 | 1607 | 1588 | 1575 | 1566 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 43           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 2519 | 2100 | 1971 | 1911 | 1877 | 1855 | 1840 | 1829 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 42           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 2872 | 2400 | 2254 | 2186 | 2147 | 2122 | 2105 | 2093 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 41           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 3222 | 2700 | 2537 | 2461 | 2418 | 2391 | 2372 | 2358 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 40           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 3568 | 3000 | 2822 | 2738 | 2691 | 2660 | 2639 | 2624 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 39           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 3911 | 3300 | 3107 | 3016 | 2964 | 2931 | 2908 | 2892 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 38           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 4251 | 3600 | 3392 | 3295 | 3239 | 3203 | 3179 | 3161 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 37           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 4586 | 3900 | 3679 | 3575 | 3515 | 3477 | 3451 | 3432 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 36           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 4916 | 4200 | 3967 | 3856 | 3793 | 3753 | 3725 | 3705 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 35           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 5242 | 4500 | 4255 | 4139 | 4073 | 4030 | 4001 | 3980 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 34           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 5563 | 4800 | 4545 | 4424 | 4355 | 4310 | 4280 | 4257 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 33           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 5878 | 5100 | 4836 | 4710 | 4638 | 4592 | 4560 | 4537 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 32           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 6187 | 5400 | 5129 | 4999 | 4924 | 4877 | 4844 | 4820 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 31           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 6490 | 5700 | 5423 | 5290 | 5213 | 5164 | 5130 | 5105 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 30           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 6787 | 6000 | 5719 | 5582 | 5504 | 5454 | 5419 | 5394 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 29           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 7077 | 6300 | 6016 | 5878 | 5798 | 5747 | 5712 | 5686 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 28           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 7360 | 6600 | 6316 | 6176 | 6095 | 6044 | 6008 | 5982 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 27           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 7636 | 6900 | 6617 | 6477 | 6396 | 6344 | 6308 | 6282 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 26           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 7904 | 7200 | 6921 | 6781 | 6701 | 6649 | 6613 | 6587 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 25           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 8165 | 7500 | 7226 | 7089 | 7009 | 6958 | 6922 | 6896 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 24           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 8417 | 7800 | 7535 | 7401 | 7322 | 7271 | 7236 | 7211 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 23           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 8662 | 8100 | 7846 | 7716 | 7640 | 7590 | 7556 | 7531 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 22           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 8897 | 8400 | 8160 | 8036 | 7962 | 7915 | 7882 | 7858 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 21           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9124 | 8700 | 8478 | 8360 | 8291 | 8245 | 8214 | 8192 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 20           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9342 | 9000 | 8799 | 8690 | 8625 | 8583 | 8554 | 8533 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 19           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9550 | 9300 | 9123 | 9025 | 8966 | 8928 | 8901 | 8882 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 18           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9749 | 9600 | 9452 | 9367 | 9315 | 9281 | 9258 | 9241 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 17           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9939 | 9900 | 9785 | 9715 | 9671 | 9643 | 9624 | 9610 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 16           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -0.  |
|              | 0119 | 0200 | 0124 | 0071 | 0037 | 0015 | 0000 | 9990 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 15           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0288 | 0500 | 0467 | 0435 | 0413 | 0399 | 0389 | 0382 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 14           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0448 | 0800 | 0817 | 0808 | 0800 | 0794 | 0791 | 0789 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 13           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0597 | 1100 | 1173 | 1192 | 1199 | 1204 | 1208 | 1212 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 12           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0736 | 1400 | 1537 | 1587 | 1613 | 1630 | 1643 | 1653 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 11           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0864 | 1700 | 1909 | 1995 | 2043 | 2075 | 2098 | 2115 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 10           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0982 | 2000 | 2290 | 2419 | 2492 | 2541 | 2576 | 2602 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 9            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1089 | 2300 | 2683 | 2860 | 2964 | 3032 | 3081 | 3118 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 8            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1184 | 2600 | 3088 | 3323 | 3461 | 3554 | 3620 | 3670 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 7            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1269 | 2900 | 3508 | 3810 | 3991 | 4112 | 4199 | 4265 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 6            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1342 | 3200 | 3946 | 4329 | 4561 | 4717 | 4829 | 4914 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 5            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1405 | 3500 | 4407 | 4887 | 5181 | 5381 | 5525 | 5635 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 4            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1456 | 3800 | 4897 | 5497 | 5871 | 6127 | 6313 | 6454 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 3            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1496 | 4100 | 5427 | 6181 | 6661 | 6993 | 7235 | 7420 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 2            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1524 | 4400 | 6016 | 6982 | 7612 | 8053 | 8379 | 8630 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 1            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -2.  |
|              | 1541 | 4700 | 6714 | 8008 | 8888 | 9520 | 9994 | 0362 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

**END OF SECTION 110**

### **SECTION 120 NUCLEAR GAGES**

**120-01** **TESTING.** When the specifications provide for nuclear gage
acceptance testing of material for Items P-152, P-154, P-208, and P-209,
the testing shall be performed in accordance with this section. At each
sampling location, the field density shall be determined in accordance
with ASTM D 2922 using the Direct Transmission Method. The nuclear gage
shall be calibrated in accordance with Annex A1. Calibration and
operation of the gage shall be in accordance with the requirements of
the manufacturer. The operator of the nuclear gage must show evidence of
training and experience in the use of the instrument. The gage shall be
standardized daily in accordance with ASTM D 2922, paragraph 8.

Use of ASTM D 2922 results in a wet unit weight, and when using this
method, ASTM D 3017 shall be used to determine the moisture content of
the material. The moisture gage shall be standardized daily in
accordance with ASTM D 3017, paragraph 7.

The material shall be accepted on a lot basis. Each Lot shall be divided
into eight (8) sublots when ASTM D 2922 is used.

**120-02.** When PWL concepts are incorporated, compaction shall
continue until a PWL of 90 percent or more is achieved using the lower
specification tolerance limits (L) below.

The percentage of material within specification limits (PWL) shall be
determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Section 110 of
the General Provisions.

The lower specification tolerance limit (L) for density shall be:

Specification Item Number Specification Tolerance (L) for Density,
(percent of laboratory maximum)

Item P-152 90.5 for cohesive material, 95.5 for non-cohesive

Item P-154 95.5

Item P-208 97.0

Item P-209 97.0

If the PWL is less than 90 percent, the lot shall be reworked and
recompacted by the Contractor at the Contractor\'s expense. After
reworking and recompaction, the lot shall be resampled and retested.
Retest results for the lot shall be reevaluated for acceptance. This
procedure shall continue until the PWL is 90 percent or greater.

**120-03 VERIFICATION TESTING.** (For Items P-152 and P-154 only.) The
Engineer will verify the maximum laboratory density of material placed
in the field for each lot. A minimum of one test will be made for each
lot of material at the site. The verification process will consist of;
(1) compacting the material and determining the dry density and
moisture-density in accordance with \[ASTM D 698 for aircraft gross
weights less than 60,0000 pounds\] \[ASTM D 1557 for aircraft gross
weights 60,000 pounds or more\], and (2) comparing the result with the
laboratory moisture-density curves for the material being placed. This
verification process is commonly referred to as a \"one-point Proctor\".
If the material does not conform to the existing moisture-density
curves, the Engineer will establish the laboratory maximum density and
optimum moisture content for the material in accordance with \[ASTM D
698 for aircraft gross weights less than 60,0000 pounds\] \[ASTM D 1557
for aircraft gross weights 60,000 pounds or more\].

Additional verification tests will be made, if necessary, to properly
classify all materials placed in the lot.

The percent compaction of each sampling location will be determined by
dividing the field density of each sublot by the laboratory maximum
density for the lot.

**END OF SECTION 120**

**Intentionally Left Blank**