Estimating and Presenting Power Sector Fuel Use in EIA Publications and
Analyses

> I. Background

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) has comprehensively reviewed
and revised how it collects, estimates, and reports fuel use for
facilities producing electricity. The review addressed inconsistent
reporting of the fuels used for electric power and changes in the
electric power marketplace that have been inconsistently represented in
various EIA survey forms and publications. For example:

-   In some cases fuel use by combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants[^1]
    has been reported as industrial sector fuel use, while in other
    cases it has been reported as electric power sector fuel use.

-   Electricity generation and fuel consumption have been categorized
    and reported in several different ways, such as (1) utility
    only; (2) utility and independent power producers; or (3) utility,
    independent power producers, and CHP plants (formerly referred to as
    cogenerators). The restructuring of the power industry is making
    some of these categories less meaningful.

The goal of EIA's comprehensive review was to improve the quality and
consistency of its electric power data throughout all data and analysis
products. Because power facilities operate in all sectors of the economy
(e.g., in commercial buildings, such as hospitals and college campuses,
and industrial facilities, such as paper mills and refineries) and use
many fuels, any change to electric power data affects data series in
nearly all fuel areas and causes changes in a wide variety of EIA
publications.

As a result of the comprehensive review, EIA has made the following
changes:

-   EIA has adjusted all presentations of data on electric power to a
    consistent format and defined the electric power sector to include
    electricity-only and CHP plants whose primary business is to sell
    electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

-   EIA is providing detail within the electric power sector, commercial
    sector, and industrial sector on fuel used by CHP plants in those
    sectors.

-   EIA has changed the sources of data on fuel used by components of
    the electric power sector. All tabulations and publications will use
    data obtained from EIA's surveys of electric power generators. This
    change in data source contributes to changes in total fuel
    consumption of natural gas.

-   EIA has revised its historical data on electric power to resolve
    data anomalies. The revisions contribute to changes in EIA's
    electricity series as well as the fuel-use series.

This document provides detail on these changes and describes the
reasoning behind the changes and their effects on EIA forms and
publications. The *Annual Energy Review 2001* is the first of the annual
publications to be released with the new formats. In the upcoming
months, EIA will be releasing other annual publications, followed by the
monthly publications. The remainder of this document is organized as
follows:

-   Section II provides an overview of the key changes.

-   Section III discusses the impacts on multi-fuel publications.[^2]

-   Sections IV through VII provide specific information for electric
    power, natural gas, coal, petroleum, and renewable energy surveys
    and publication, respectively. Although the changes have not yet
    been implemented in these publications, they are reflected in the
    *Annual Energy Review 2001* for these topics.

> II\. Overview of Key Changes

The many changes that will occur because of the fuel review generally
fall into three broad categories: (1) the categorization of electric
power facilities, (2) the reporting of combined-heat-and-power plant
fuel use, and (3) data series revisions resulting from revised electric
power fuel use estimates. Each of these areas is discussed below.

Categorization of Electric Power Facilities

Until the 1990s, most electric power generation and fuel use data could
be meaningfully categorized into electric utilities and nonutility power
producers.[^3] Electric utilities were generally structured as
vertically integrated[^4] power companies that were responsible for
generating, transmitting, and distributing power to consumers within
their franchised service territory. Nonutility power producers were
generally independent generators---mostly combined-heat-and-power
plants---that produced some power for their own use and sold the
remainder to utilities for distribution to consumers. However, in recent
years, many formerly integrated utilities have split apart, spinning off
the generating part of their business into separate companies.
Independent developers have built most of the new generating capacity
that has been installed in recent years. As a result, the distinction
between utility and nonutility power plants has become much less
meaningful. In fact, a large portion of the growth in nonutility
generation in recent years is due to the reclassification of utility
power plants as nonutility power plants.

To reflect the changing industry structure, EIA is now organizing
electric power generation and fuel use data into two new categories:
electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. These
categories separate power plants by function; i.e., power only or power
plus thermal, rather than by ownership class.

Electricity-only plants represent all plants, whether owned by utilities
or nonutilities that produce only electricity. CHP plants represent
entities that produce both electricity and some form of thermal energy
that is put to commercial or industrial use. Both categories will have
some facilities that are owned by traditional utilities and independent
companies. In some tables and publications, the electric power sector
will continue to be broken down into electric utilities and independent
power producers for customers who have expressed an interest in this
breakout.

Reporting of CHP Facility Fuel Use

Historically, fuel consumption in CHP plants has been combined with
other uses in many EIA publications. For example, in some tables the use
of natural gas in commercial and industrial CHP plants was included with
other commercial and industrial uses. Further, some of the fuel
consumption (the portion associated with electricity production) at
these same facilities was also reported under the column labeled
"Nonutility Power Producers." Based on questions received, it became
clear that this categorization led to confusion for many EIA customers.

In the future, EIA will distinguish within the industrial, commercial,
and electric power sectors what portion of fuel consumption is used in
CHP facilities and non-CHP facilities. For example:

-   In tabulations of energy use by economic sector, if a commercial (or
    industrial) facility has a CHP unit, the total fuel consumption for
    that unit will be reported under commercial (or industrial), but it
    will be identified separately from other commercial (or industrial)
    consumption. CHP plants that report their primary business is
    generating and selling power to others will be reported in a
    separate column in the electric power sector.

-   In tabulations of energy use to produce electric power, the total
    fuel consumption reported by CHP plants will be further separated
    into that which is used to produce electricity and that which is
    used to produce thermal energy.[^5] The separation between
    electricity and thermal uses is being done because many EIA data
    users have expressed interest in knowing how much fuel is used to
    produce electricity in the United States.

Data Series Revisions Resulting From Changes in Electric Power Fuel Use
Estimates

The revisions to electric power data affect other areas. For example,
historically, to estimate natural gas use, EIA surveyed natural gas
pipeline-companies and local gas utilities to obtain data on natural gas
used by residential, commercial, industrial, and electric utility
sectors, and nonutility generators.[^6] However, EIA also surveyed
electric utilities on their natural gas use. These data obtained
directly from the end user were generally thought to be more accurate
than the data obtained from natural gas suppliers. As a result, total
natural gas use was estimated by adding together the data from natural
gas companies on residential, commercial, industrial, and nonutility
power producer use to the amount reported directly by electric
utilities. The data collected for nonutility power producers were
included with industrial use in previous EIA natural gas publications.

With the changing structure of the electricity sector, this reporting
approach no longer appears reasonable. EIA has decided to follow the
procedure described for electric utilities and use data obtained from
its direct surveys of nonutility electric generators rather than the
natural gas supplier surveys.[^7] More detail on how the various fuel
sectors are affected is given in the following sections.

Data changes are also occurring because of the extensive review of
reported data that was undertaken in this process. Since it was decided
that data reported directly by utilities and nonutility power generators
would be the primary source of fuel consumption data for the power
sector, an examination of heat rates,[^8] capacity factors,[^9] and
power-to-steam ratios across 12 years of reported data was conducted. As
a result, data for nonutility power producers for 1989 through 2000 have
been revised.

Revisions resulting from changing the source of fuel consumption data
for nonutilities and from EIA's data review affect data beyond the
category of nonutilities. For example, the revised estimate of natural
gas consumption for 2000 is 3 percent higher in the *Annual Energy
Review* *2001* (AER 2001) than in *Annual Energy Review 2000* (AER 2000)
(Table H1*).*

Table H1. Revisions to Selected Estimates: AER 2001 and AER 2000

Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)

(Billion Kilowatthours)

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Year              2000 AER          2001 AER          Percent
                                                        Difference

  1998              3,618             3,620             0.1

  1999              3,706             3,695             -0.3

  2000              3,792             3,802             0.3
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

Total Natural Gas Consumption

(Trillion Cubic feet)

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Year              2000 AER          2001 AER          Percent
                                                        Difference

  1998              21.26             22.24             4.6

  1999              21.70             22.40             3.2

  2000              22.71             23.46             3.3
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

Total Coal Consumption

(Million Short Tons)

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Year              2000 AER          2001 AER          Percent
                                                        Difference

  1998              1,038.3           1,037.1           -0.1

  1999              1,045.3           1,038.6           -0.6

  2000              1,079.7           1,084.1           0.4
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

In addition, as a result of the recategorization of nonutility data,
estimates of industrial natural gas consumption have been revised and
are lower. For example, in AER 2000 EIA showed 9.39 trillion cubic feet
delivered to industrial facilities in 2000. In AER 2001 the comparable
figure (under the "other industrial" heading) is 7.53 trillion cubic
feet. This change is a result of the change in the operational
definition of deliveries to the industrial sector, which is explained in
Section V.

III\. Multi-Fuel Publications

EIA's multi-fuel publications---i.e., those that report data on numerous
energy sources and provide overall energy totals---will be reformatted
to incorporate the new approach described in detail in the preceding
sections. The *Annual Energy Review 2001* is the first of the historical
multi-fuel publications to be released with the new formats. In the
months ahead, EIA will undertake the redesign of the *Monthly Energy
Review* (MER) to make its data and presentations conform to the new AER.
In addition to the MER, the State-level consumption, price, and
expenditure estimates that have previously been released under the
titles *State Energy Data Report* and *State Energy Price and
Expenditure Report* will be reformatted beginning with the 2001 update;
the 2000 updates are now in final processing and will not conform to the
new AER formats. Coordinated data and presentation changes will also be
incorporated into EIA's forecast products---the *Short-Term Energy
Outlook* (STEO) and the *Annual Energy Outlook* (AEO).

The *Annual Energy Review 2*001 (AER 2001) includes many redesigned
tables (and related graphs) that were adapted to present the new
electricity data. Revised tables fall into three groupings: electricity,
fuels, and total energy. These tables are interrelated. Table 8.3a
provides data on consumption of combustible fuels for electricity
generation. Data on the amount of fossil fuel (such as coal, residual
fuel oil, and natural gas) and on the amount of renewable energy used to
generate electricity at both electricity-only and
combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants can be found on this table.

Table 8.3a data on fuel consumed for electricity generation differ from
those for the electric power sector on the fuel consumption tables
(e.g., Table 6.5 for natural gas) because the electric power sector
includes entities that produce thermal energy as well as electricity
(CHP plants whose primary business is to sell electricity). In addition,
there are entities that generate electricity that are not in the
electric power sector (commercial sector CHP plants and industrial
sector CHP plants).

Table 8.3d provides data on consumption for useful thermal output at CHP
plants and Table 8.3e provides data on fuel consumption for both
electricity generation and useful thermal output. Data on consumption by
the electric power sector on Table 8.3e correspond with data for this
sector on fuel consumption tables (Table 5.12d on petroleum, Table 6.5
on natural gas, Table 7.3 on coal, and Table 10.2b on renewable energy
consumption). Similarly, data on commercial sector CHP plants on Table
8.3e correspond with the commercial sector CHP columns of the fuel
consumption tables and data on industrial sector CHP plants on Table
8.3e correspond with the industrial sector CHP columns of the fuel
consumption tables.

**Electricity Tables**. Most AER 2000 electricity tables were altered in
format for presentation in the AER 2001. This crosswalk provides the
relationship from each AER 2000 table to its closest match in the AER
2001:

[AER 2000]{.underline} [AER 2001]{.underline} [Title in the AER
2001]{.underline}

8.1 8.1 Electricity Overview

8.2 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)

8.3 8.2b Electricity Net Generation at Electricity-Only Plants: Electric
Power Sector

8.4 8.2c Electricity Net Generation at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by
Sector

\-\-- 8.2d Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat- and-Power-Plants by
Sector

8.8 8.3a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:
Total (All Sectors)

8.9 8.3b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation at
Electricity-Only Plants: Electric Power Sector

8.10 8.3c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity
Generation at Combined-Heat- and-Power-Plants by Sector

\-\-- 8.3d Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal
Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector

\-\-- 8.3e Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation
and Useful Thermal Output at Electricity-Only and
Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector

8.11 8.4 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

8.12 8.5 Electricity End Use

8.15 8.6 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

8.5 8.7a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors)

8.6 8.7b Electric Net Summer Capacity at Electricity-Only Power Plants:
Electric Power Sector

8.7 8.7c Electric Net Summer Capacity at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants
by Sector

8.14 8.8 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin

8.13 8.9 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

**Fuel Tables**. The following AER 2001 fuel tables were reformatted
from the previous year's report to incorporate the new electricity
information:

5.12a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

5.12b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector

5.12d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector

5.13 Oil and Kerosene Adjusted Sales

6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector

10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors

10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Electricity
Trade, and Total

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by
Energy Source

12.7 Emissions From Electricity Generation

A3 Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Product Weighted Averages

A4 Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

A5 Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

**Total Energy Tables**. The following AER 2001 tables summarize all
energy consumption and include format changes that are related to the
new electricity information:

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1c Commercial Energy Consumption Sector

2.1d Industrial Energy Consumption Sector

2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

AER 2000 Table 2.1f is replaced in the AER 2001 with:

2.2a Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors)

2.2b Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation: Electric Power
Sector

2.2c Consumption for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial
Sectors

# 

# IV. Electric Power Surveys and Publications

EIA previously presented data on electric power, such as generation and
fuel consumption, in the following categories:

-   Electric utilities,

-   Nonutility power producers (independent power producers and
    combined-heat-and power plants),

-   Electric power industry (sum of electric utilities and nonutility
    power producers).

Now EIA is presenting data for the following new categories:

-   Electricity-only-plants

-   Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants,

-   U.S. power producers (sum of electricity-only plants and CHP plants
    and equal to the prior "electric power industry" category.

Data on electricity-only plants are disaggregated for utilities and
independent power producers, as there are customers who are interested
in maintaining this distinction. Data on CHP plants are disaggregated by
the end-use category (commercial, industrial, electric power) they
report as their major line of business. The categorization is based on
their North American Industrial Classification System code. For example,
a CHP plant that is part of a hospital will be classified as
"commercial." Similarly, a CHP plant that reports that it is part of a
paper mill will be classified as "industrial," and a plant that reports
that its primary business is selling power to others will be classified
as "electric power."

In addition, EIA has estimated and is presenting data on the amount of
fuel used to generate electricity and the amount of fuel used for useful
thermal output. Furthermore, during the course of recategorizing the
data, EIA performed a thorough data quality review and revised data to
resolve anomalies.

## Efforts to Improve Data

EIA reviewed electric power-data from 1989 through 2001 to determine
whether there were anomalies. The 1989--2000 data for nonutilities were
from Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report-Nonutility," and
its predecessor, Form EIA 867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer
Report." The 2001 data are from Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."
These forms collect data on fuel consumption, generation, and, with the
exception of 1995 through 1997, useful thermal output. When anomalies
were identified in the data for the more recent years (1998--2001), EIA
contacted selected respondents to resolve the inconsistencies. For the
historical data it was not possible to contact respondents. In this
situation EIA made data adjustments to resolve the anomalies.

EIA reviewed data for facilities with heat rates greater than 40,000 Btu
per kilowatthour and less than 5,500 Btu per kilowatthour. The upper
limit was chosen to allow for the heat rates of older non-electricity
boilers. In addition, EIA reviewed data for facilities with overall
efficiency of greater than 100 percent and identified facilities with
thermal output that were not designated as CHP plants. To ensure
consistency, EIA compared North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) codes, cogenerator status, fuel consumption, electric
generation, and thermal output levels over time. Moreover, EIA analysts
also reviewed and evaluated aggregate-level data by State, NAICS code,
fuel type, and generator type. For the historical data (1989--1997), EIA
also:

-   Estimated a value for useful thermal output for 1995 through 1997
    (when useful thermal output was not included on the survey form)
    that produced a heat rate between 5,500 and 40,000 Btu per
    kilowatthour and an efficiency rate consistent with that observed in
    other years (see discussion below on CHP fuel use methodology).

-   Corrected errors in units reported for fuel consumption.

-   Compared data on fuel consumption with data on electric generation
    and adjusted data on fuel consumption or generation to maintain a
    consistent ratio.

-   Adjusted data on useful thermal output for those respondents with
    heat rates outside the 5,500-to-40,000 Btu per kilowatthour range
    and an efficiency rate consistent with other years.

The review included an examination of both respondent-level data and
aggregate-level data. For the 1998-2000 data, the review also included a
comparison for consistency with data reported by manufacturing plants on
Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption---Manufacturing Plants," since a
subset of the EIA-3 manufacturing plants generate electricity and also
reported on the electric generator survey Form EIA-860B. In general,
there was good correspondence among the data submissions. In situations
where there were inconsistencies, selected respondents were contacted to
explain the differences. The analysis revealed that in some instances
there were legitimate explanations for high percentage differences, such
as a respondent reporting data for a facility on one survey that should
not be included in the other survey.

## Allocating CHP Fuel Use

Because respondents do not keep records on how much fuel a CHP plant
uses to produce electricity, EIA developed the following method for
estimating how the total fuel consumed in the boiler is split between
electricity generation and useful thermal output:

-   First, a steam boiler efficiency rate of 80 percent was assumed[^10]

-   Then the reported or estimated value for useful thermal output (in
    Btu) was divided by 0.8 to estimate the fuel used to generate this
    amount of thermal output.

-   Next, this value was subtracted from total fuel consumption and the
    remainder was assumed to be the amount used for electric generation.

## Electric Power Publication Tables Affected

In both the *Electric Power Monthly* and the *Electric Power Annual*:

-   Data will be shown for the following categories throughout most of
    the report: (1) U.S. power producers, (2) electricity-only plants,
    and (3) CHP plants (commercial, industrial, and electric power).
    Data on fuel consumption are shown for both electric generation and
    thermal output.

-   The lowest level of aggregation is at the State level, with greater
    detail available on line, where needed.

-   Data on petroleum coke are converted to barrels and included in
    petroleum consumption and stocks tables.

-   Fuel types are revised to be consistent with the *Annual Energy
    Review*.

**Estimation Procedure for 2001 Values in the *Annual Energy Review***

EIA estimated 2001 fuel consumption at electric power facilities by
applying each facility's 2000 heat rate to its 2001 generation by fuel
type. Estimates of useful thermal output were obtained by applying the
facility's 2000 power-to-steam ratio to its 2001 generation by fuel
type. EIA used this approach because of the lack of time available to
verify all monthly 2001 fuel consumption and thermal output data, and
the assumption that the monthly 2001generation data were of good
quality.

EIA initially planned to use two sources for 2001 generation data. These
were:

-   **Actual 2001 data for the sample of relatively large facilities
    that report generation monthly on Form EIA-906.** Facilities are
    included in the monthly EIA-906 sample only if they meet a minimum
    size threshold. The size threshold varies by fuel for example, 40
    megawatts for natural gas and 10 megawatts for non-hydroelectric
    renewables.

-   **Statistically--imputed estimates for smaller facilities not
    included in the monthly EIA-906 sample.** The plan was to impute
    2001 generation for these smaller facilities based on (1) their
    actual 2000 generation, as reported on Form EIA-860B, plus (2) the
    information on industry trends in 2001 that could be derived from
    the monthly Form EIA-906 filings for 2001.

An extensive effort was made to statistically impute the generation
values for the small facilities. However, in most cases the statistical
imputation did not produce satisfactory results because some facilities
that reported using multiple fuels in 2000 erroneously reported only one
fuel in 2001. Using the as-reported data produced swings in fuel
consumption inconsistent with historical patterns. Because time was
unavailable to verify the actual situation at these facilities, EIA
decided to use 2000 generation as the estimate for 2001.

The specific estimation methods used are listed below by generator
category to obtain the estimate for 2001.

-   **Independent power producers that are not CHP plant:** Survey
    generation data were used except for the small facilities, in which
    case statistical imputation was used to estimate 2001 generation.
    (This is the one category of generators for which statistical
    imputation did produce good results, as most of these facilities are
    former utility plants that have experience in reporting.)

-   **All other categories:** Survey generation data were used for the
    large facilities (except when the fuel types in 2000 and 2001 did
    not match, as noted above), and 2000 generation data were used as
    the 2001 estimate for the other facilities.

# 

# V. Natural Gas Surveys and Publications

## Summary of Key Changes

Data on natural gas deliveries to independent power producers (referred
to as "other nonutility power producers" on the survey form) previously
included in the industrial sector are now included in deliveries to the
electric power sector. These data are obtained from Forms EIA-759,
"Monthly Power Plant Report" and EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator
Report-Nonutility" through 2000, and Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report,"
for 2001. The industrial sector figures no longer include data on
deliveries of natural gas to independent power producers and will be
lower than in previous releases.

The total figure on natural gas consumed will also differ from previous
releases as a result of using the EIA-860B and EIA-906 data rather than
data from the survey of natural gas companies. In this situation the
revised data will be higher, by 3 percent in 1999 and 2000 and by 5
percent in 1998.

Through 2000, the operational definition for the *Natural Gas Annual*
for deliveries to the industrial sector was the sum of (1) deliveries to
industrial consumers reported by natural gas companies and (2)
deliveries to other nonutility generators reported by natural gas
companies. The operational definition for deliveries to electric
utilities was consumption of natural gas reported by regulated
generators of electricity. Table A1 of the *Natural Gas Annual*
presented a comparison of volumes reported by natural gas companies and
by utility generators.

Starting in 2001, the operational definition of the industrial sector
has been changed to: "deliveries to industrial consumers" reported by
natural gas companies.

"Deliveries to industrial consumers" include~~s~~ deliveries to
industrial consumers that are combined-heat-and-power CHP plants, such
as paper mills, as well as other industrial users.

Included with the CHP plant data are a small number of industrial firms
that report using natural gas only to generate electricity (most likely
for their own use).

"Deliveries to commercial consumers" also include deliveries to CHP
plants, such as hospitals. Similarly, a small number of plants that
report natural gas use for only electricity generation are included with
the data on commercial CHP plants.

A new category, "electric power sector" is presented to replace
deliveries to electric utilities. It is the sum of:

-   Electricity-only plants and

-   CHP plants that report that their primary business is selling power
    to others.

"Electricity-only" includes:

-   Consumption of natural gas reported by regulated generators of
    electricity.

-   Consumption of natural gas reported by nonregulated generators of
    electricity that are not CHP.

**Publication Elements Affected**

-   Deliveries to industrial consumers

-   Deliveries to industrial consumers for the account of others

-   Deliveries to electric utilities (deleted)

-   Total deliveries to consumers

-   Total consumption

-   Balancing item

-   Deliveries to electric generators (new element)

-   Average price for natural gas delivered to industrial consumers

-   Number of industrial consumers

-   Average annual consumption per industrial consumer

**Publication Tables Affected**

Changes affect 64 of the 83 tables in the *Natural Gas Annual.*

-   National-level tables (Tables 1, 26, B1, B2)

-   State-level or State-detail tables (Tables 2, 15, 16, 18, 21, 23,
    27, A2)

-   Summary Statistics by State (Tables 29-79)

# VI. Coal Survey and Publications

**Summary of Key Changes**

Data on coal consumed by the commercial and industrial sectors will now
be separated into coal consumed by CHP plants and coal consumed by the
other plants in the commercial and industrial sector (referred to as
other or "non-CHP").[^11]^1^ Consumption by electric utilities and
independent power producers, shown separately in the past, will be
combined and called "electric power sector." Coal consumed by the
electric power sector will be subdivided into coal consumed solely for
power generation ("electricity-only plants") and coal used at CHP
plants. Note that "independent power producers" were previously called
"other power producers" in the coal publications and tabulations. Both
terms refer to the same entities, i.e., generating facilities with a
North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code of 22.

**Coal Consumption Data Sources**

The sources for total coal consumption remain unchanged for the
residential and commercial sectors and for coke plants. They are:

-   Residential and Commercial--Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report."

-   Coke--Form EIA-5, "Coke Plant Report."

For the industrial sector excluding coke plants (referred to as "other
industrial,") the data sources remain the same for the following
categories:

-   Manufacturing--Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal
    Consumption---Manufacturing Plants."

-   Mines--Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report."

-   Agriculture, Mining, Construction, and Transportation--Form EIA-6A,
    "Coal Distribution Report."

For the portion of coal consumed by CHP plants in the commercial and
industrial sectors through 2000, data were obtained from Form EIA-860B,
"Annual Electric Generator Report-Nonutility" and beginning in 2001,
Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."

Data for the electric power sector for the years 1989 through 2000 were
from Form EIA-759 and Form EIA-860B. Beginning in 2001, data from Form
EIA-906 will be used.

> **VII. Petroleum Surveys and Publications**

**Summary of Key Changes**

Data on sales to independent power producers (that may have been
previously reported in the industrial sector) are now included in the
sales for electric power generation category in the "adjusted sales"
tables of the *Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report*, Tables 13-24. This
category includes data on electric utilities and data on independent
power producers. The data on electric utilities are obtained from Forms
EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and FERC Form 423, "Monthly
Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants." The data on
independent power producers are from Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric
Generator Report-Nonutility" through 2000, and Form EIA-906, "Power
Plant Report" for 2001. Previously, data on sales of kerosene,
distillate, and residual fuel oils to independent power producers were
obtained from Form EIA-821 survey, "Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report."

**Publication Tables Affected**

Data on sales by end-use sector are published in the *Fuel Oil and
Kerosene Sales Report.* Data appear in two sets of tables. Tables 1-12
publish the results of the EIA-821 survey, except for on-highway diesel
and kerosene. For on-highway diesel, State-level estimates are obtained
from the Federal Highway Administration.

In Tables 13-24 (Adjusted Sales), estimates of distillate fuel oil are
adjusted at the Petroleum Administration for Defense (PAD) district to
equal published *Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA)* volume estimates of
products supplied. On-highway diesel State-level sales are calculated
from Federal Highway Administration data.

Residual fuel oil volumes in Tables 13-24 are adjusted at the national
level to equal published *PSA* products supplied estimates.

Kerosene volumes in Tables 1-24 are adjusted at the national level to
equal *PSA* products supplied volumes.

Electric power generation data are also replaced in the Adjusted Sales
tables (Tables 13-24). National-level distillate and residual fuel oil
sales are calculated from annual aggregations of data collected on Forms
EIA-759 and EIA-860B. The consumption data are added to the stock change
of light and heavy oils to obtain the estimates of sales. Allocations at
the State level are based on the EIA-821 survey.

> **VIII. Renewable Energy Publications**

**Summary of Key Changes**

For the first time EIA is presenting data on biomass energy consumption
that were obtained by aggregating individual power plant data for
nonutilities rather than by applying a generalized heat rate to the
aggregate net generation figure. All new renewable energy publications
also reflect changes in EIA definitions of the energy use sectors
described earlier.

**Publication Tables Affected**

The main changes come in estimates of renewable energy consumption and
outputs found in the *Renewable Energy Annual'*s Executive Summary,
Chapter 1, and Appendix C.

**Detailed Table Changes for *Renewable Energy Annual***

Throughout the tables, estimates of biomass consumption are based on the
new methodology described earlier and result in significant revisions.
Where energy use sectors are presented, information reflects the new
definitions.

Table presentations remain the same for Table H1 in the Executive
Summary and Tables 1 and 5 in Chapter 1. Changes to the other tables are
as follows:

Table 2. Renewable Energy Consumption by Energy Use Sector and Energy
Source, 1997-2001

-   Commercial sector now includes energy consumption for electric-only
    power plants and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. Previously,
    this was included as a small fraction of the-industrial sector's
    consumption.

-   Industrial sector energy consumption no longer includes commercial
    sector or independent power producers' consumption.

-   Electric utility sector is changed to electric power sector and now
    includes consumption for electric utilities and independent power
    producers combined.

Table 3. Renewable Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation by
Energy Use Sector and Energy Source, 1997-2001

-   Commercial sector is added for the first time. Previously,
    commercial sector energy consumption was included as a small
    fraction of industrial.

-   Industrial sector energy consumption no longer includes consumption
    by the commercial sector or independent power producers.

-   Electric utility sector is changed to electric power sector and now
    includes information for electric utility and independent power
    producers combined. Previously, independent power producers'
    consumption was included in industrial.

-   Electric power industry is changed to total, which is the sum of the
    commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.

Table 4. Electricity Net Generation from Renewable Energy by Energy Use
Sector and Energy Source, 1997-2001

-   Generation is reorganized into three new sectors: commercial,
    industrial, and electric power.

-   Commercial sector includes generation by nonutilities whose primary
    purpose of business is commercial.

-   Industrial sector includes generation by nonutilities whose primary
    purpose of business is industrial.

-   Electric power sector includes generation by electric utilities and
    nonutilities that are independent power producers.

-   Total by energy source is the sum of the commercial, industrial and
    electric power sectors.

Table 6. Renewable Energy Consumption of Nonelectric use by Energy Use
Sector and Energy Source, 1997-2001

-   Commercial sector now includes energy consumption for useful thermal
    output at combined-heat-and-power plants. Previously this was
    included as a small fraction of the industrial sector's consumption.

-   Industrial sector energy consumption no longer includes commercial
    sector or independent power producers' consumption.

-   Electric power sector now includes consumption for electric
    utilities and independent power producer combined.

Table 7. Biomass Energy Consumption by Energy Source and Energy Use
Sector, 1997-2001

-   Electric power sector includes wood energy consumption by electric
    utilities and independent power producers that were previously
    included in the industrial sector.

-   Distributions of biomass energy consumption by Census Region are no
    longer included.

Table 8. Industrial Biomass Energy Consumption and Electricity Net
Generation by Primary Purpose of Business, 2000

-   New table that presents detailed characteristics of industrial
    biomass consumption.

Table 9. Waste Energy Consumption by Type and Energy Use Sector, 2000

-   New table that presents detailed information on waste consumption
    excluding wood waste.

**Appendix C**

Throughout Appendix C, information on electricity generation and net
summer capacity by State, which was previously provided in separate
tables for electric utilities and nonutilities, is now provided in
separate tables for the electric power sector, which includes electric
utilities and independent power producers, and for the commercial and
industrial sectors combined.

[^1]: Combined-heat-and-power plants produce both electricity and useful
    thermal output. They are often referred to as congenerators.

[^2]: Multi-fuel publications are those that provide information on
    multiple fuels and sectors, such as the *Monthly Energy Review* and
    the *Annual Energy Review*.

[^3]: For an example of this, see *Electric Power Annual 1998, Volume
    II*, DOE/EIA-0348(98)/2, December 1999.

[^4]: In this context "integrated" means that the company is involved in
    the three main sectors of the electric power business---generation,
    transmission, and distribution.

[^5]: For the method used to separate the fuel used at CHP plants
    between electricity and useful thermal energy production, see
    Section IV.

[^6]: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of
    Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition."

[^7]: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power
    Plant Report" for electric utilities and Forms EIA-867 and EIA-860B,
    "Annual Electric Generator Report--Nonutility" for nonutilities.
    Starting with 2001, data for both utilities and nonutilities are
    collected on a new survey, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."

[^8]: Heat rates are computed by dividing the heat content of the fuel
    burned to generate electricity by the resulting net kilowatthour
    generation.

[^9]: Capacity factors are the ratio of the electrical energy produced
    by a generating unit for the period of time considered to the
    electrical energy that could have been produced at continuous full
    power operation during the same period.

[^10]: Arthur D. Little, Report to the Energy Information
    Administration, *Industrial Model: Update on Energy Use and
    Industrial Characteristics,* (September 2001), Appendix C, \"Average
    Boiler Efficiencies.\"

[^11]: ^11^ A small number of commercial and industrial plants that use
    coal only to generate electricity are included with the data on
    commercial and industrial CHP plants.