# The Transient Storage Concept 

# Comprehensive Readings on Applications for Stream Solute Transport

# With Selected References in the Context of

# Stream-Catchment Connections, Hyporheic Exchange Flows and Reactive Solute Transport

**[Transient Storage Reader 2]{.smallcaps}** presents a comprehensive
reference list of application, analysis, and development of the
transient storage concept, specifically as implemented in the OTIS/OTEQ
model packages. The list additionally includes selected references in
the context of stream-catchment connections, hyporheic exchange flows
and reactive solute transport in streams, specifically as such
references provide insights to implementation and interpretation of
OTIS/OTEQ applications.

For the essential references for starting an application of the
transient storage concept, specifically as implemented in the
[OTIS](http://co.water.usgs.gov/otis/) model package, see **[Transient
Storage Reader 1.]{.smallcaps}**

For any application:

The *USGS Fact Sheet* on \'"Using OTIS" illustrates the concepts of the
transport model.

Comprehensive chapters in *Streams and Ground Waters* include thoughtful
discussions relating the idealized transient storage concept to the
complex hydro-geobiochemistry processes of streams.

The September 2003 Special Issue, "*Modeling Hyporheic Zone Processes*",
of Advances in Water Resources provides several examples of the new
directions in which the transient storage concept is being developed.

> Topical organization of the Reading List:

## The Transient Storage Model {#the-transient-storage-model .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Model Development {#transient-storage---model-development .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Simulation Investigations - Conservative Transport Applications {#transient-storage---simulation-investigations---conservative-transport-applications .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Interpretation of Estimated Parameters {#transient-storage---interpretation-of-estimated-parameters .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Parameter Estimation {#transient-storage---parameter-estimation .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - 2-zone Formulation {#transient-storage---2-zone-formulation .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Non-stream and Non-conservative Applications {#transient-storage---non-stream-and-non-conservative-applications .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Wetlands {#transient-storage---wetlands .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Flume (Periphyton) Parameters {#transient-storage---flume-periphyton-parameters .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Engineered Systems {#transient-storage---engineered-systems .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Simulation to Parameterize Reactive Transport {#transient-storage---simulation-to-parameterize-reactive-transport .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Simulation of Reactive Transport {#transient-storage---simulation-of-reactive-transport .Outline}

##  Transient Storage - Simulation of Hyporheic Zone Reactive Transport  {#transient-storage---simulation-of-hyporheic-zone-reactive-transport .Outline}

## Environmental Context -- Hydrology {#environmental-context-hydrology .Outline}

##  Related Modeling Formulations and Applications {#related-modeling-formulations-and-applications .Outline}

##  Hydrometric Observation & Interpretation of Exchange Flows {#hydrometric-observation-interpretation-of-exchange-flows .Outline}

##  Transport Characterizations of Exchange Flows {#transport-characterizations-of-exchange-flows .Outline}

## Reactive Transport in Surface-Subsurface Water Exchange {#reactive-transport-in-surface-subsurface-water-exchange .Outline}

##  Environmental Context - Ecology {#environmental-context---ecology .Outline}

## The Transient Storage Model

Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream - a
transient storage model. KE Bencala, RA Walters, *Water Resources
Research*, [19]{.underline}(3), 718, 1983.

One-dimensional transport with inflow and storage (OTIS): a solute
transport model for streams and rivers. RL Runkel, *USGS WRIR 98-4018*,
1998. LINK: \[http://co.water.usgs.gov/otis\].

## Transient Storage - Model Development

### Field Data Set

Results of a solute transport experiment at Uvas Creek, September 1972.
RJ Avanzino, GW Zellweger, VC Kennedy, SM Zand, KE Bencala, *USGS OFR
84-236*, 1984.

### Application Concepts

Using OTIS to model solute transport in streams and rivers. RL Runkel,
*USGS Fact Sheet 138-99*, 4pp., 2000.
LINK:\[http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fac138-99\].

Quantifying hydrologic interactions between streams and their subsurface
hyporheic zones. JW Harvey, BJ Wagner, in *Streams and Ground Waters*,
JB Jones, PJ Mulholland Eds., Academic Press, 3, 2000.

Experimental design for estimating parameters of rate-limited mass
transfer: Analysis of stream tracer studies. BJ Wagner, JW Harvey,
*Water Resources Research*, [33]{.underline}(7), 1731, 1997.

### Transport Concepts

Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams. RL Runkel, KE
Bencala, in *Environmental Hydrology*, VP Singh Ed., Kluwer Academic
Press, 137, 1995.

### Numerical Method

An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for
solute transport in small streams. RL Runkel, SC Chapra, *Water
Resources Research*, [29]{.underline}, 211, 1993.

## Transient Storage - Simulation Investigations - Conservative Transport Applications 

Interactions of solutes and streambed sediments - Part 2 A dynamic
analysis of coupled hydrologic and chemical processes that determine
solute transport. KE Bencala, *Water Resources Research*,
[20]{.underline}(12), 1804, 1984.

Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain
stream based on a lithium tracer injection and simulations of transient
storage. KE Bencala, DM McKnight, GW Zellweger, *Water Resources
Research*, [26]{.underline}(5), 989,1990.

Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a
mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado. RE Broshears, KE Bencala,
BA Kimball, DM McKnight, *USGS WRIR 92-4081*, 1993.

Transient storage in Appalachian and Cascade mountain streams as related
to hydraulic characteristics. DJ D\'Angelo, JR Webster, SV Gregory, JL
Meyer, *J North American Benthological Society*, [12]{.underline}, 223,
1993.

Analysis of transient storage subject to unsteady flow: diel flow
variation in an Antarctic stream. RL Runkel, DM McKnight, ED Andrews, *J
North American Benthological Society*, [17]{.underline}(2), 143, 1998.

Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium
and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County,
California, USA 2. Mathematical model. AP Jackman, RA Walters, VC
Kennedy, *J Hydrology*, [75]{.underline}, 111, 1984.

Longitudinal dispersion in a forest stream. C LeGrand-Marcq, H
Laudelout, *J Hydrology*, [78]{.underline}, 317, 1985.

## Transient Storage - Interpretation of Estimated Parameters

A new metric for determining the importance of transient storage. RL
Runkel, *J. North American Benthological Society*, [21]{.underline},
529, 2002.

Evaluating the reliability of the stream tracer approach to characterize
surface-subsurface water exchange. JW Harvey, BJ Wagner, KE Bencala,
*Water Resources Research*, [32]{.underline}(8), 2441, 1996.

Sensitivity analysis of conservative and reactive transient storage
models applied to field data from multiple-reach experiments. MN
Gooseff, KE Bencala, DT Scott, RL Runkel, DM McKnight,. *Advances in
Water Resources,* [28]{.underline}, 479, 2005.

Transient storage and hyporheic flow along the Willamette River, Oregon:
Field measurements and model estimates. AG Fernald, PJ Wigington, DH
Landers, *Water Resources Research*, [37]{.underline}(6), 1681, 2001.

Alluvial characteristics, groundwater-surface water exchange, and
hydrologic retention in headwater streams. JA Morrice, HM Valett, CN
Dahm, ME Campana, *Hydrological Processes*, [11]{.underline}, 253, 1997.

The hydraulic characteristics and geochemistry of hyporheic and
parafluvial zones in Arctic tundra streams, north slope. KJ Edwardson,
WB Bowden, C Dahm, J Morrice, *Advances in Water Resources*,
[26]{.underline}(9), 907, 2003.

Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid
alluvial stream. JW Harvey, MH Conklin, RS Koelsch, *Advances in Water
Resources*, [26]{.underline}(9), 939, 2003.

Estimation of solute transport and storage parameters in a stream with
anthropogenically produced unsteady flow and industrial bromide input.
RJ Ryan, AI Packman, C Welty, *Water Resources Research*,
[40]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/ 2003WR002458, 2004.

Comparison of transient storage in vegetated and unvegetated reaches of
a small agricultural stream in Sweden: seasonal variation and
anthropogenic manipulation. M Salehin, AI Packman, A Worman, *Advances
in Water Resources*, [26]{.underline}(9), 951, 2003.

Determining long time-scale hydrologic flow paths in Antarctic streams.
MN Gooseff, DM McKnight, RL Runkel, BH Vaughn, *Hydrological Processes*,
[17]{.underline}(9), 1691, 2003.

Ground water occurrence and contributions to streamflow in an alpine
catchment, Colorado Front Range, DW Clow, L Schrott, R Webb, DH
Campbell, A Torizzo, M Dornblaser, *Ground Water*, [41]{.underline}(1),
937, 2003.

The influence of aquatic macrophytes on the hydraulic and
physico-chemical properties of a New Zealand lowland stream. RJ Wilcock,
PD Champion, JW Nagels, GF Croker, *Hydrobiologia*, [416]{.underline},
203, 1999.

## Transient Storage - Parameter Estimation

Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model: Implications
for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters. DT Scott, MN Gooseff,
KE Bencala, RL Runkel, *Journal of the North American Benthological
Society*, [22]{.underline}, 492, 2003.

A stream tracer technique employing ionic tracers and specific
conductance data applied to the Maimai catchment, New Zealand. MN
Gooseff, BL McGlynn, *Hydrological Processes,* in press/on-line doi:
10.1002/hyp.5685, 2005.

A statistical methodology for estimating transport parameters: theory
and applications to one-dimensional advective-dispersive systems. BJ
Wagner, SM Gorelick, *Water Resources Research*, [22]{.underline}, 1303,
1986.

Dynamic identifiability analysis of the transient storage model for
solute transport in rivers. T Wagener, LA Camacho, HS Wheater, *J.
Hydroinformatics*, [4]{.underline}, 199, 2002.

Parameter estimation of the transient storage model by a routing method
for river mixing processes. TS Cheong, IW Seo, *Water Resources
Research*, [39]{.underline}(4), doi: 10.1029/2001WR000676, 2003.

## Transient Storage -- 2-Zone Formulation

Characterizing multiple timescales of stream and storage zone
interaction that affect solute fate and transport in streams. J Choi, JW
Harvey, MH Conklin, *Water Resources Research*, [36]{.underline}(6),
1511, 2000.

Solute transport and storage mechanisms in wetlands of the Everglades,
south Florida. JW Harvey, JE Saiers, JT Newlin, *Water Resources
Research*, [41]{.underline}(5), doi: 10.1029/2004WR003507, 2005.

## Transient Storage - Non-stream and Non-conservative Applications

## Transient Storage - Wetlands

Conservative and reactive solute transport in constructed wetlands. SH
Keefe, LB Barber, RL Runkel, JN Ryan, DM McKnight, RD Wass, *Water
Resources Research*, [40]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/ 2003WR002130, 2004.

Analysis of constructed treatment wetland hydraulics with the transient
storage model OTIS. CJ Martinez, WR Wise, *Ecological Engineering*,
[20]{.underline}(3), 211, 2003.

## Transient Storage - Flume (Periphyton) Parameters

Contributions of microbial biofilms to ecosystem processes in stream
ecosystems. TJ Battin, LA Kaplan, JD Newbold, CME Hansen, *Nature*,
[426]{.underline}, 439, 2003.

Modeling transient storage and nitrate uptake kinetics in a flume
containing a natural periphyton community. BK Kim, AP Jackman, FJ
Triska, *Water Resources Research*, [26]{.underline}, 505, 1990.

Effect of periphyton biomass on hydraulic characteristics and nutrient
cycling in streams. PJ Mulholland, AD Steinman, ER Marzolf, DR Hart, DL
DeAngelis, *Oecologia*, [98]{.underline}, 40, 1994.

## Transient Storage - Engineered Systems

[Diameter and surcharge effects on solute transport across surcharged
manholes](http://scitation.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHEND8&ONLINE=YES&smode=strresults&sort=chron&maxdisp=25&pjournals=IJGNAI%2CJAEEEZ%2CJAEIED%2CJBENF2%2CJCRGEI%2CJCCOF2%2CJCCEE5%2CJCEMD4%2CJLEED9%2CJENMDT%2CJOEEDU%2CJGGEFK%2CJHEND8%2CJHYEFF%2CJITSE4%2CJIDEDH%2CJMENEA%2CJMCEE7%2CJPCFEV%2CJPEPE3%2CJSENDH%2CJSUED2%2CJTPEDI%2CJUPDDM%2CJWRMD5%2CJWPED5%2CLMEEAZ%2CNHREFO%2CPPHMF8%2CPPSCFX%2CASCECP&pyears=2005%2C2004%2C2003%2C2002%2C2001%2C2000%2C1999%2C1998%2C1997%2C1996%2C1995&possible1zone=article&bool1=and&possible4=Bencala&possible4zone=article&bool4=and&possible2=walters&possible2zone=article&OUTLOG=NO&viewabs=JHEND8&key=DISPLAY&docID=1&page=1&chapter=0),
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[P.
Dennis](http://scitation.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=ASCERL&possible1=Dennis%2C+P.&possible1zone=author&maxdisp=25&smode=strresults&aqs=true),
[R
O\'Brien](http://scitation.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=ASCERL&possible1=O'Brien%2C+R.&possible1zone=author&maxdisp=25&smode=strresults&aqs=true),
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Saiyudthong](http://scitation.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=ASCERL&possible1=Saiyudthong%2C+C.&possible1zone=author&maxdisp=25&smode=strresults&aqs=true),
*J. Hydraulic Engineering*. [131]{.underline}, 312, 2005.

## Transient Storage - Simulation to Parameterize Reactive Transport

Reach-scale isotope tracer experiment to quantify denitrification and
related processes in a nitrate-rich stream, midcontinent United States.
JK Bohlke, JW Harvey, MA Voytek, *Limnology and Oceanography*,
[49]{.underline}(3), 821, 2004.

Particle transport and transient storage along a stream-size gradient in
the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, MJ Paul, RO Hall Jr., *J. North
American Benthological Society*, [21]{.underline}(2), 195, 2002.

Stream morphology controls ammonium retention in tropical headwaters. B
Gucker, IG Boechat, *Ecology*, [85]{.underline}(10), 2818, 2004.

Whole-stream metabolism in two montane streams: contribution of the
hyporheic zone. CS Fellows, HM Valett, CN Dahm, *Limnology and
Oceanography*, [46]{.underline}(3), 523, 2001.

Hydrodynamics is a major determinant of streambed biofilm activity: From
the sediment to the reach scale. TJ Battin, *Limnology and
Oceanography*, [45]{.underline}(6), 1308, 2000.

Reactive iron transport in an acidic mountain stream in Summit County,
Colorado: A hydrologic perspective. DM McKnight, KE Bencala, *Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta*, [53]{.underline}, 2225, 1989.

Parent lithology, surface-groundwater exchange and nitrate retention in
headwater streams. HM Valett, JA Morrice, CN Dahm, ME Campana,
*Limnology and Oceanography*, [41]{.underline}(2), 333, 1996.

Evidence that hyporheic zones increase heterotrophic metabolism and
phosphorus uptake in forest streams. PJ Mulholland, ER Marzolf, JR
Webster, DR Hart, SP Hendricks, *Limnology and Oceanography*,
[42]{.underline}(3), 443, 1997.

Pre- and post-flood retention efficiency of nitrogen in a Sonoran Desert
stream. E Marti, NB Grimm, SG Fischer, *J North American Benthological
Society*, [16]{.underline}(4), 805, 1997.

Importance of transient storage zones for ammonium and phosphate
retention in a sandy-bottom Mediterranean stream. A Butturini, F
Sabater, *Freshwater Biology*, [41]{.underline}, 593, 1999.

C and N dynamics in the riparian and hyporheic zones of a tropical
stream, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. TJ Chestnut, WH McDowell, *J
North American Benthological Society*, [19]{.underline}(2), 1999, 2000.

## Transient Storage - Simulation of Reactive Transport

Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the
Willamette Basin, Oregon. A Laenen, KE Bencala, *J. American Water
Resources Association*, [37]{.underline}(2), 367, 2001.

Redox processes controlling manganese fate and transport in a mountain
stream, DT Scott, DM McKnight, BM Voelker, DC Hrncir, *Environmental
Science and Technology*, [36]{.underline}(3), 453, 2002.

Transport and cycling of iron and hydrogen peroxide in a freshwater
stream: influence of organic acids. DT Scott, RL Runkel, DM McKnight, BM
Voelker, BA Kimball, ER Carraway, *Water Resources Research*,
[39]{.underline}(11), doi: 10.1029/2002WR001768, 2003.

In-stream sorption of fulvic acid in an acidic stream: A stream-scale
transport experiment. DM McKnight, GM Hornberger, KE Bencala, EW Boyer,
*Water Resources Research*, [38]{.underline}(1), doi:
10.1029/2001WR000269, 2002.

Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream with
a kinetic mass transfer model for sorption. KE Bencala, *Water Resources
Research*, [19]{.underline}(3), 732, 1983.

Performance of sodium as a transport tracer - Experimental and
simulation analysis. KE Bencala, in *USGS WSP 2270*, 83, 1985.

Coupling of hydrologic transport and chemical reactions in a stream
affected by acid mine drainage. BA Kimball, RE Broshears, KE Bencala, DM
McKnight, *Environmental Science and Technology*, [28]{.underline}(12),
2065, 1994.

Phosphate dynamics in an acidic mountain stream: Interactions involving
algal uptake, sorption by iron oxide and photoreduction. CM Tate, RE
Broshears, DM McKnight, *Limnology and Oceanography*,
[40]{.underline}(5), 938, 1995.

Reactive solute transport in streams 1. Development of an
equilibrium-based model. RL Runkel, KE Bencala, RE Broshears, SC Chapra,
*Water Resources Research*, [32]{.underline}(2), 409, 1996.

Reactive solute transport in streams 2. Simulation of a pH modification
experiment. RL Runkel, DM McKnight, KE Bencala, SC Chapra, *Water
Resources Research*, [32]{.underline}(2), 419, 1996.

Reactive solute transport in an acidic stream: Experimental pH increase
and simulation of controls on pH, aluminum, and iron. RE Broshears, RL
Runkel, BA Kimball, DM McKnight, KE Bencala, *Environmental Science and
Technology,* [30]{.underline}(10), 3016, 1996.

Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach
for trace metal sorption. RL Runkel, BA Kimball, DM McKnight, KE
Bencala, *Water Resources Research*, [35]{.underline}(12), 3829, 1999.

Modeling impact of storage zones on stream dissolved oxygen. SC Chapra,
RL Runkel, *J Environmental Engineering*, [125]{.underline}(5), 415,
1999.

Transient storage and gas transfer in lowland streams. SC Chapra, RJ
Wilcock, *J Environmental Engineering*, [126]{.underline}(8), 708, 2000.

## Transient Storage - Simulation of Hyporheic Zone Reactive Transport

Effect of enhanced manganese oxidation in the hyporheic zone on
basin-scale geochemical mass balance. JW Harvey, CC Fuller, *Water
Resources Research*, [34]{.underline}, 623, 1998.

Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an
Antarctic glacial meltwater stream. MN Gooseff, DM McKnight, RL Runkel,
*Aquatic Geochemistry*, [10]{.underline}(3), 221, 2004.

Weathering reactions and hyporheic exchange controls on stream water
chemistry in a glacial meltwater stream in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. MN
Gooseff, DM McKnight, WB Lyons, AE Blum, *Water Resources Research*,
[38]{.underline}(12), 1279, doi:10.1029/2001WR000834, 2002.

Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater
stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. MN Gooseff, DM McKnight, RL
Runkel, and JH Duff, *Limnology and Oceanography*, [49]{.underline}(5),
1884, 2004.

Inorganic N and P dynamics of Antarctic glacial meltwater streams as
controlled by hyporheic exchange and benthic autotrophic communities. DM
McKnight, RL Runkel, CM Tate, JH Duff, DL Moorhead*, J. North American
Benthological Society*, [23]{.underline}(2), 171, 2004.

A regression approach to estimating reactive solute uptake in advective
and transient storage zones of stream ecosystems. SA Thomas, HM Valett,
JR Webster, PJ Mulholland, *Advances in Water Resources*,
[26]{.underline}(9), 965, 2003.

Modeling biotic uptake by periphyton and transient hyporheic storage on
nitrate in a natural stream. BKA Kim, AP Jackman, FJ Triska, *Water
Resources Research*, [28]{.underline}(10), 2743, 1992.

## Environmental Context -- Hydrology

Hyporheic exchange flows. KE Bencala, In *Encyclopedia of Hydrological
Sciences*, MG Anderson, Ed., John Wiley & Sons, In press 2005.

A perspective on stream-catchment connections. KE Bencala, *J. North
American Benthological Society*, [12]{.underline}(1), 44, 1993.

Hyporheic zone hydrological processes. KE Bencala, *Hydrological
Processes*, [14]{.underline}, 2797, 2000.

Modeling surface-subsurface hydrological interactions. AI Packman, KE
Bencala, In *Streams and Ground Waters*, Jones, J. B. and Mulholland, P.
J., Eds., Academic Press, 45, 2000.

Ground Water and Surface Water - A Single Resource. TC Winter, JW
Harvey, OL Franke, WM Alley, *USGS Circular 1139*, 1998.
http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/circ1139

Abiotic aspects of channels and flood plains in riparian ecology. P
Huggenberger, E Hoehn, R Beschta, W Woessner, *Freshwater Biology*,
[40]{.underline}(3 - Rivers in the landscape: riparian and groundwater
ecology), 407, 1998.

*River Mixing*, JC Rutherford, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 1994.

## Related Modeling Formulations, Applications, and Comparisons

Modeling hyporheic zone processes. RL Runkel, DM McKnight, and H
Rajaram, *Advances in Water Resources*, [26]{.underline}(9), 901, 2003.

Power-law residence time distribution in the hyporheic zone of a
2nd-order mountain stream. R Haggerty, SM Wondzell, MA Johnson,
*Geophysical Research Letters*, [29]{.underline}(13), 1640,
doi:10.1029/2002GL014743, 2002.

Comparing transient storage modeling and residence time distribution
(RTD) analysis in geomorphically varied reaches in the Lookout Creek
basin, Oregon, USA . MN Gooseff, SM Wondzell, R Haggerty, J Anderson,
*Advances in Water Resources*, [26]{.underline}(9), 925, 2003.

A modelling study of hyporheic exchange pattern and the sequence, size,
and spacing of stream bedforms in mountain stream networks, Oregon, USA.
MN Gooseff, JK Anderson, SM Wondzell, J laNier, R Haggerty,
*Hydrological Processes,* in press/on-line doi: 10.1002/hyp.5790, 2005.

Surface-subsurface water interactions in an alluviated mountain stream
channel, NM Castro, GM Hornberger, *Water Resources Research*, 27, 1613,
1991.

Modeling catchment scale mixing in the near-stream zone---Implications
for chemical and isotopic hydrograph separation. JG Chanat, GM
Hornberger, *Geophysical Research Letters*, [30]{.underline},
doi:10.1029/2002GL016265, 2003.

Temporal moments routing in streams and rivers with transient storage.
BH Schmid, *Advances in Water Resources,* [26]{.underline}(9), 1021,
2003.

Simplification in longitudinal transport modeling: case of instantaneous
slug releases. BH Schmid, *J. Hydrologic Engineering*, [9]{.underline},
319, 2004.

On the transient storage equations for longitudinal solute transport in
open channels: temporal moments accounting for the effects of
first-order decay, BH Schmid, *J Hydraulic Research*, 33(5), 595, 1995.

Analytic solution of the transient storage equations accounting for
solute decay. BH Schmid, *Proceedings of the IAHR*, Am Soc Civ Eng, San
Francisco, 1997.

Relationships between hydraulic parameters in a small stream under
varying flow and seasonal conditions. DR Hart, PJ Mulholland, ER
Marzolf, DL Deangelis, SP Hendricks, *Hydrological Processes*,
[13]{.underline}(10), 1497, 1999.

Parameter estimation and stochastic interpretation of the transient
storage model for solute transport in streams, DR Hart, *Water Resources
Research*, 31, 323, 1995.

Modelling nutrient-periphyton dynamics in streams with
surface-subsurface exchange, CL Dent, JC Henry, *Ecological Modelling*,
[122]{.underline} , 97, 1999.

On the relationship of transient-storage and aggregated dead zone models
to solute transport in streams. MJ Lees, LA Camacho, S Chapra, *Water
Resources Research*, [36]{.underline}(1), 213, 2000.

Longitudinal dispersion in natural streams, T Beer, PC Young, *J
Environmental Engineering*, 109, 1047, 1983.

Solute transport and dispersion in channels, PC Young, SG Wallis, in
*Channel Network Hydrology*, K Beven, MJ Kirkby, Eds., John Wiley & Sons
Ltd., 129, 1993.

The active mixing volume: A new concept in modeling environmental
systems, PC Young, M Lees, in *Statistics for the Environment*, V
Barnett, KF Turkman Eds., John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 3, 1993.

Extension of the QUASAR river water quality model to incorporate
dead-zone mixing. MJ Lees, L Camacho, P Whitehead, *Hydrology and Earth
System Sciences*, 2, 353, 1998.

Characterizing in-stream flow refugia. J Lancaster, AG Hildrew,
*Canadian J Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences*, 50, 1663, 1993.

Hydroecology of river plankton: the role of variability in channel flow.
CS Reynolds, *Hydrological Processes*, [14]{.underline}, 3119, 2000.

Spatial and temporal changes in phytoplankton abundance in the upper and
middle reaches of the River Severn, CS Reynolds, MS Glaister, *Arch
Hydrobiologia*, Supplement, 101(1), 1, 1993.

A conservative semi-Lagrangian transport model for rivers with transient
storage zones. JR Manson, SG Wallis, D Hope, *Water Resources Research*,
[37]{.underline}(12), 3312, 2001.

Predicting stream transient storage zone characteristics from tracer
data. JR Manson, *Water Resources Research*, [36]{.underline}(2), 629,
2000.

Comparison of models for transient storage of solutes in small streams.
A Wörman, *Water Resources Research,* [36]{.underline}, 455, 2000.

Application of the transient storage model to analyze advective
hyporheic exchange with deep and shallow sediment beds. M Zaramella, AI
Packman, A Marion, *Water Resources Research*, [39]{.underline},
doi:10.1029/ 2002WR001344, 2003.

Parameter estimation of the transient storage model for
stream--subsurface exchange. A Marion, M Zaramella, AI Packman, *J.
Environmental Engineering*, [129]{.underline}(5), 456, 2003.

Mountain streams - Modeling hydraulics and substance transport, [WK
Meier](http://scitation.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=ASCERL&possible1=Meier%2C+W.+K.&possible1zone=author&maxdisp=25&smode=strresults&aqs=true),
[P
Reichert](http://scitation.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=ASCERL&possible1=Reichert%2C+P.&possible1zone=author&maxdisp=25&smode=strresults&aqs=true),
*J. Environmental Engineering*, [131]{.underline}(2), 252, 2005.

Solute transport in open-channel networks in unsteady flow regime. Y
Zhang, MM Aral, *Environmental Fluid Mechanics*, [4]{.underline}, 225,
2004.

Experimental and numerical validation of the dead-zone model for
longitudinal dispersion in rivers. W Czernuszenko, P Rowinski, A
Sukhodolov, *J Hydraulic Research*, 36(2), 269, 1998.

Incorporating transient storage in conjunctive stream--aquifer modeling.
YC Lin, MA Medina Jr., *Advances in Water Resources*,
[26]{.underline}(9), 1001, 2003.

A methodolgy for solute transport in unsteady, nonuniform streaflow with
subsurface interaction . YC Lin, MS Chang, MA Medina Jr., *Advances in
Water Resources*, In press, 2005.

Unsaturated hyporheic zone flow in stream/aquifer conjunctive systems.
GA Fox, DS Durnford, *Advances in Water Resources*, [26]{.underline}(9),
989, 2003.

## Hydrometric Observation & Interpretation of Exchange Flows

The effect of streambed topography on surface-subsurface water exchange
in mountain catchments. JW Harvey, KE Bencala, *Water Resources
Research*, [29]{.underline}(1), 89, 1993.

Geomorphic controls on hyporheic exchange flow in mountain streams. T
Kasahara, SM Wondzell, *Water Resources Research*, [39]{.underline}(1),
1005, doi:10.1029/2002WR001386, 2003.

Patterns in stream longitudinal profiles and implications for hyporheic
exchange flow at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. JK
Anderson, SM Wondzell, MN Gooseff, R Haggerty, *Hydrological Processes,*
in press/on-line doi: 10.1002/hyp.5791, 2005.

Seasonal and storm dynamics of the hyporheic zone of a 4th-order
mountain stream. I: Hydrologic processes, SM Wondzell, FJ Swanson, *J
North American Benthological Society*, [15]{.underline}(1), 3, 1996.

Factors controlling riffle-scale hyporheic exchange flows and their
seasonal changes in a gaining stream: A three-dimensional groundwater
flow model. RG Storey, KWF Howard, DD Williams, *Water Resources
Research*, [39]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/ 2002WR001367, 2003.

Convective transport within stable river sediments, SA Savant, DD
Reible, LJ Thibodeaux, *Water Resources Research*, [23]{.underline},
1763, 1987.

Testing and comparison of four ionic tracers to measure streamflow loss
by multiple tracer injection. GW Zellweger, *Hydrological Processes*,
[8]{.underline}, 155, 1994.

Comparison of tracer-dilution and current-meter discharge measurements
in a small gravel-bed stream, Little Lost Man Creek, California. GW
Zellweger, RJ Avanzino, KE Bencala, *USGS WRIR 89-4150*, 1989.

Use of tracer injections and synoptic sampling to measure metal loading
from acid mine drainage, BA Kimball, *USGS Fact Sheet 245-96*, 1997.
LINK: \[ http://wwwdutslc.wr.usgs.gov/usgsabout/fs245/245.html \].

Quantifying groundwater discharge to a small perennial stream in
southern Ontario, Canada, EE Cey, DL Rudolph, GW Parkin, R Aravena, *J
Hydrology*, [210]{.underline}, 21, 1998.

Seasonal variation in surface-subsurface water exchange and lateral
hyporheic area of two stream-aquifer systems. GJ Wroblicky, ME Campana,
HM Valett, CN Dahm, *Water Resources Research*, [34]{.underline}(3),
317, 1998.

Floods, channel change, and the hyporheic zone. SM Wondzell, FJ Swanson,
*Water Resources Research,* [35]{.underline}(2), 555, 1999.

Stream and fluvial plain ground water interactions: rescaling
hydrogeologic thought. WW Woessner, *Ground Water*, [38]{.underline}(3),
423, 2000.

A simple device for measuring differences in hydraulic head between
surface water and shallow ground water. RB Wanty, TC Winter, *USGS Fact
Sheet 077-00*, 2000. LINK: \[
http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/fact-sheets/fs-0077-00/fs-0077-00.pdf\].

Determination of groundwater discharge into a sand and gravel bottom
river: a comparison of chloride dilution and seepage meter techniques.
JH Duff, B Toner, AP Jackman, RJ Avanzino, FJ Triska, *Verh. Internat.
Verein. Limnol.*, [27]{.underline}, 406, 2000.

Influence of diurnal variations in stream temperature on streamflow loss
and groundwater recharge. J Constantz, CL Thomas, G Zellweger, *Water
Resources Research*, [30]{.underline}(8), 3253, 1994.

Comparison of heat and bromide ass ground water tracers near streams. J
Constantz, MH Cox, GW Su, *Ground Water*, [41]{.underline}(5), 647,
2003.

Thermal heterogeneity, stream channel morphology, and salmonid abundance
in northeastern Oregon streams. JL Ebersole, WF Liss, CA Frissell,
*Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences*, [60]{.underline},
1266, 2003.

Stream temperatures in two shaded reaches below cutblocks and logging
roads: downstream cooling linked to subsurface hydrology. A Story, RD
Moore, JS Macdonald, *Canadian Journal of Forest Research*,
[33]{.underline}(8), 1383, 2003.

Redd site selection and spawning habitat use by fall chinook salmon: The
importance of geomorphic features in large rivers. DR Geist, DD Dauble,
*Environmental Management*, [22]{.underline}(5), 655, 1998.

Hyporheic discharge of river water into fall chinook salmon
(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning areas in the Hanford Reach, Columbia
River, DR Geist, *Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences*,
[57]{.underline}(8), 1647, 2000

Ground penetrating radar for assessing sediment structures in the
hyporheic zone of a prealpine river, MW Naegeli, P Huggenberger, U
Uehlinger, *J North American Benthological Society*,
[15]{.underline}(3), 353, 1996.

Flow-induced uptake of particulate matter in permeable sediments, M
Huettel, W Ziebis, S Forster, *Limnology and Oceanography*,
[41]{.underline}(2), 309, 1996.

Effect of flow-induced exchange in hyporheic zones on longitudinal
transport of solutes in streams and rivers. A Worman, AI Packman, H
Johansson, K Jonsson, *Water Resources Research*, [38]{.underline}(1),
doi:10.1029/2001WR000769, 2002.

Hyporheic exchange with gravel beds: Basic hydrodynamic interactions and
bedform-induced advective flows. AI Packman, M Salehin, M Zaramella, *J.
Hydraulic Engineering*, [130]{.underline}(7), 647, 2004.

Hyporheic exchange with heterogeneous streambeds: Laboratory experiments
and modeling, M Salehin, AI Packman, M Paradis, *Water Resources
Research*, [40]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/2003WR002567, 2004.

Relative roles of stream flow and sedimentary conditions in controlling
hyporheic exchange. AI Packman, M Salehin, *Hydrobiologia*,
[494]{.underline}, 291, 2003.

Effect of bed form geometry on the penetration of nonreactive solutes
into a streambed. A Marion, M Bellinello, I Guymer, A Packman, *Water
Resources Research*, [38]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/ 2001WR000264, 2002.

Interplay of stream-subsurface exchange, clay particle deposition, and
streambed evolution. AI Packman, JS MacKay, *Water Resources Research*,
[39]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/ 2002WR001432, 2003.

Transfer of nonsorbing solutes to a streambed with bed forms: Theory, AH
Elliott, NH Brooks, *Water Resources Research*, [33]{.underline}(1),
123, 1997.

Transfer of nonsorbing so[l]{.underline}utes to a streambed with bed
forms: Laboratory Experiments, AH Elliott, NH Brooks, *Water Resources
Research*, [33]{.underline}(1), 137 1997.

Impact of heterogeneity, bed forms, and stream curvature on subchannel
hyporheic exchange. MB Cardenas,JL Wilson, VA Zlotnik, *Water Resources
Research*, [40]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/2004WR003008, 2004.

Three-dimensional model of modern channel bend deposits. MB Cardenas, VA
Zlotnik, *Water Resources Research*, [39]{.underline}, doi:10.1029/
2002WR001383, 2003.

Effects of porous bed on turbulent stream flow above bed, C Mendoza, D
Zhou, *J Hydraulic Engineering*, [118]{.underline}, 1222, 1992.

## Transport Characterizations of Exchange Flows

Evaluation of tracer tests completed in 1999 and 2000 on the upper Santa
Clara River, Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, California. MH Cox, GO
Mendez, CR Kratzer, EG Reichard, *USGS Water-Resources Investigations
Report 03-4277*, 2003. http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wrir034277/

Linking hyporheic flow and nitrogen cycling near the Willamette River -
a large river in Oregon, USA. SR Hinkle, JH Duff, FJ Triska, A Laenen,
EB Gates, KE Bencala, DA Wentz, SR Silva, *J. Hydrology*,
[244]{.underline}, 157, 2001.

Hydrological influences on hyporheic water quality: implications for
salmon egg survival. IA Malcolm, C Soulsby, AF Youngson, DM Hannah, IS
McLaren, A Thorne, *Hydrological Processes*, [18]{.underline}, 1543,
2004.

Relating nutrient uptake with transient storage in forested mountain
streams. RO Hall Jr., ES Bernhardt, GE Likens, *Limnology and
Oceanography*, [47]{.underline}(1), 255, 2002.

Factors affecting ammonium uptake in streams an inter-biome perspective.
JR Webster, PJ Mulholland, JL Tank, HM Valett, WK Dodds, BJ Peterson, WB
Bowden, CN Dahm, S Findlay, SV Gregory, NB Grimm, SK Hamilton, SL
Johnson, E Martí, WH Mcdowell, JL Meyer, DD Morrall, SA Thomas, WM
Wollheim, *Freshwater Biology*, [48]{.underline}(8), 1329, 2003.

A mixing model analysis of stream solute dynamics and the contribution
of a hyporheic zone to ecosystem function. TJ Battin, LAKaplan, JD
Newbold, SP Hendricks, *Freshwater Biology*, [48]{.underline}(6), 995,
2003.

The influence of particle size on seston deposition in streams. SA
Thomas, JD Newbold, MT Monaghan, GW Minshall, T Georgian, CE Cushing,
*Limnology and Oceanography*, [46]{.underline}(6), 1415, 2001.

Transport and concentration controls for chloride, strontium, potassium
and lead in Uvas Creek, a small cobble-bed stream in Santa Clara County,
California, USA 1. Conceptual model. VC Kennedy, AP Jackman, SM Zand, GW
Zellweger, RJ Avanzino, *J Hydrology*, [75]{.underline}, 67, 1984.

Interactions of solutes and streambed sediments - Part 1 An experimental
analysis of cation and anion transport in a mountain stream. KE Bencala,
VC Kennedy, GW Zellweger, AP Jackman, RJ Avanzino, *Water Resources
Research*, [20]{.underline}(12), 1797, 1984.

Rapid flow through the sediments of a headwater stream in the southern
Appalachians, NL Munn, JL Meyer, *Freshwater Biology*, [20]{.underline},
235, 1988.

Retention and transport of nutrients in a third-order stream in
Northwestern California: Hyporheic processes. FJ Triska, VC Kennedy, RJ
Avanzino, GW Zellweger, KE Bencala, *Ecology*, [70]{.underline}(6),
1877, 1989.

Biological relationships to convective flow patterns within streambeds,
DS White, *Hydrobiologia*, [196]{.underline}, 149, 1990.

Hyporheic processes during flooding and drying in a Sonoran Desert
stream. I. Hydrologic and chemical dynamics. EH Stanley, AJ Boulton,
*Arch Hydrobiologia*, [134]{.underline}(1), 1, 1995.

Seasonal biogeochemical patterns in surface water, subsurface hyporheic,
and riparian water in a temperate stream, SP Hendricks, DS White, *Arch
Hydrobiologia*, [134]{.underline}(4), 459, 1995.

Hydrologic and geochemical effects on oxygen uptake in bottom sediments
of an effluent-dominated river, PB McMahon, JA Tindal, JA Collins, KJ
Lull, JR Nuttle, *Water Resources Research*, [31]{.underline}, 2561,
1995.

Vertical hydrologic exchange and ecosystem metabolism in a Sonoran
Desert stream. JB Jones, SG Fisher, NB Grimm, *Ecology*,
[76]{.underline}(3), 942, 1995.

Thermal profiles within river beds, EC Evans, MT Greenwood, GE Petts,
*Hydrological Processes*, [9]{.underline}, 19, 1995.

Invertebrate drift and longitudinal transport processes in streams, J
Lancaster, AG Hildrew, C Gjerlov, *Canadian J Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences*, [53]{.underline}, 572, 1996.

Hydrologic influences on groundwater-surface water ecotones:
heterogeneity in nutrient composition and retention, HM Valett, CN Dahm,
ME Campana, JA Morrice, MA Baker, CS Fellows, *J North American
Benthological Society*, [16]{.underline}(1), 239, 1997.

Linking the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of nitrogen transport
in near-stream zones of temperate-forested cathments: a review. CP
Cirmo, JJ McDonnell, *J Hydrology*, [199]{.underline}, 88, 1997.

## Reactive Transport in Surface-Subsurface Water Exchange

Reactive uptake of trace metals in the hyporheic zone of a
mining-contaminated stream, Pinal Creek, Arizona. CC Fuller, JW Harvey,
*Environmental Science and Technology*, [34]{.underline}, 1150, 2000.

Arsenic mobilization in the hyporheic zone of a contaminated stream. SA
Nagorski, JN Moore, *Water Resources Research*, [35]{.underline}, 3441,
1999.

Sorption behavior and long-term retention of reactive solutes in the
hyporheic zone of streams. K Jonsson, H Johansson, A Wörman, *J.
Environmental Engineering*, [130]{.underline}, 573, 2004.

Hyporheic exchange of reactive and conservative solutes in
streams---tracer methodology and model interpretation. K Jonsson, H
Johansson, A Wörman, *Journal of Hydrology*, [278]{.underline}(1-4),
153, 2003.

The effects of partly irreversible solute exchange: comparison between
conservative and sorptive transport in streams. KJ Forsman, H Johansson,
K Jonsson, *Journal of Hydrology*, [256]{.underline}(1-2), 15, 2002.

Retention of conservative and sorptive solutes in streams ---
simultaneous tracer experiments. H Johansson, K Jonsson, KJ Forsman, A
Wörman, *The Science of The Total Environment*, [266]{.underline}(1-3),
229, 2001.

Effect of sorption kinetics on the transport of solutes in streams. K
Jonsson, A Wörman, *The Science of The Total Environment*,
[266]{.underline}(1-3), 239, 2001.

Effects of background water composition on stream-subsurface exchange of
submicron colloids. J Ren, AI Packman, *J. Environmental Engineering*,
[128]{.underline}(7), 1, 2002.

Stream-substream exchange of zinc in the presence of silica and
kaolinite colloids. J Ren, AI Packman, *Environmental Science and
Technology*, [38]{.underline}(24), 6571, 2004.

Modeling of simultaneous exchange of colloids and sorbing contaminants
between streams and streambeds. J Ren, AI Packman, *Environmental
Science and Technology*, [38]{.underline}(10), 2901, 2004.

Inorganic nitrogen transformations in the bed of the Shingobee River,
Minnesota - Integrating hydrologic and biological processes using
sediment perfusion cores. RW Sheibley, JH Duff, AP Jackman, FJ Triska,
*Limnology and Oceanography*, [48]{.underline}, 1129, 2003.

Numerical modeling of coupled nitrification--denitrification in sediment
perfusion cores from the hyporheic zone of the Shingobee River, MN. RW
Sheibley, AP Jackman, JH Duff, FJ Triska, *Advances in Water Resources*,
[26]{.underline}(9), 987, 2003.

Influences of the stream groundwater hydrology on nitrate concentration
in unsaturated riparian area bounded by an intermittent Mediterranean
stream. A Butturini, S Bernal, C Hellin, E Nin, L Rivero., S Sabater, F
Sabater, *Water Resources Research*, [39]{.underline},
doi:10.1029/2001WR001260, 2003.

[Influence of benthic and interstitial processes on nutrient changes
along a regulated reach of a large river (Rhône River,
France)](http://springerlink.metapress.com/app/home/contribution.asp?wasp=223adda320484c09ba3b6bf5d4d4a671&referrer=parent&backto=searcharticlesresults,1,14;journal,1,1;linkingpublicationresults,1:100271,1).
G Fauvet, C Claret, P Marmonier, *Hydrobiologia*, [445]{.underline},
121, 2001.

Controlled release experiments to determine the effects of shade and
plants on nutrient retention in a lowland stream. RJ Wilcock, MR
Scarsbrook, KJ Costley, JW Nagels, *Hydrobiologia*, [485]{.underline},
153, 2002.

Dynamics of abiotic parameters, solute removal and sediment retention in
summer-dry headwater streams of western Oregon. M Dieterich, NH
Anderson, *Hydrobiologia*, [379]{.underline}, 1, 1998.

Hydromorphological control of phosphorus in a large free-flowing gravel
bed river: The Gargonne River (France). SB garay, S Sauvage, P Vervier,
*Regulated Rivers: Research & Management*, [17]{.underline}, 46, 2001.

Hydrologic exchange and N uptake by riparian vegetation in an arid-land
stream. JD Schade, JR Welter, E Martí, NB Grimm, J. North American
Benthological Society, 24(1), 19, 2005.

Sediment-water interaction in a small stream: adsorption of 137Cs by bed
load sediments, TE Cerling, SJ Morrison, RW Sobcinski, *Water Resources
Research*, [26]{.underline}, 1165, 1990.

Transport of adsorbing metals from stream water to a stationary sand-bed
in a laboratory flume. H Eylers, NH Brooks, JJ Morgan, *Marine and
Freshwater Research,* [46]{.underline}, 209, 1995.

Metal behavior during surface-groundwater interaction, Silver Bow Creek,
Montana. SG Benner, EW Smart, JN Moore, *Environmental Science and
Technology*, [29]{.underline}(7), 1789, 1995.

Modelling nutrient-periphyton dynamics in streams: the importance of
transient storage zones. DL DeAngelis, M Loreau, D Neergaard, PJ
Mulholland, ER Marzolf, *Ecological Modelling*, [80]{.underline}, 149,
1995.

Diel variation of trace metals in the Upper Clark Fork River, Montana.
CM Brick, JN Moore, *Environmental Science and Technology*,
[30]{.underline}(7), 1953, 1996.

The hyporheic zone as a source of dissolved organic carbon and carbon
gases to a temperate forested stream. JE Schindler, DP Krabbenhoft,
*Biogeochemistry*, [43]{.underline}, 157, 1998.

Nutrient dynamics at the interface between surface waters and
groundwaters. CN.Dahm, NB Grimm, P Marmonier, HM Valett, P Vervier,
*Freshwater Biology*, [40]{.underline}(3 - Rivers in the landscape:
riparian and groundwater ecology), 427, 1998.

A mini drivepoint sampler for measuring pore-water solute concentrations
in the hyporheic zone of sand-bottom streams. JH Duff, F Murphy, CC
Fuller, FJ Triska, JW Harvey, AP Jackman, *Limnology and Oceanography*,
[43]{.underline}(6), 1378, 1998.

Hydrologic flow paths control dissolved organic carbon fluxes and
metabolism in an alpine stream hyporheic zone. TJ Battin, *Water
Resources Research*, [35]{.underline}(10), 3159, 1999.

Colmation and depth filtration within streambeds: Retention of particles
in hyporheic interstices. M Brunke, *International Review of
Hydrobiology*, [84]{.underline}(2), 99, 1999.

Relationships between metals and hyporheic invertebrate community
structure in a river recovering from metal contamination. SM Nelson, RA
Roline, *Hydrobiologia*, [397]{.underline}, 211, 1999.

Physical factors influencing fine organic particle transport and
deposition in streams. GW Minshall, SA Thomas, JD Newbold, MT Monaghan,
CE Cushing, *J North American Benthological Society*,
[19]{.underline}(1), 1, 2000.

A physicochemical model for colloid exchange between a stream and a sand
streambed with bed forms. AI Packman, NH Brooks, JJ Morgan, *Water
Resources Research*, [36]{.underline}(8), 2351, 2000.

Kaolinite exchange between a stream and streambed: Laboratory
experiments and validation of a colloid transport model. AI Packman, NH
Brooks, JJ Morgan, *Water Resources Research*, [36]{.underline}(8),
2363, 2000.

Hyporheic exchange of solutes and colloids with moving bed forms, AI
Packman, NH Brooks, *Water Resources Research*, [37]{.underline}(10),
2605, 2001.

## Environmental Context - Ecology

Surface-subsurface exchange and nutrient spiralling. PJ Mulholland, DL
DeAngelis, in *Streams and Ground Waters*, JB Jones, PJ Mulholland Eds.,
Academic Press, 149, 2000.

Surface-subsurface interactions: past, present, and future. EH Stanley,
JB Jones, in *Streams and Ground Waters*, JB Jones, PJ Mulholland, Eds.,
Academic Press, 405, 2000.

The Hyporheic Zone. RT Edwards, in *River Ecology and Management:
Lessons from the Pacific Coastal Ecoregion*. RJ Naiman, RE Bilby Eds.,
Springer-Verlag, 399, 1998.

Concepts and methods for assessing solute dynamics in stream ecosystems.
Stream Solute Workshop, J *North American Benthological Society*,
[9]{.underline}(2), 95, 1990.

*Stream Ecology*, JD Allan, Chapman & Hall, 1995.

The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and
groundwater. M Brunke, T Gonser, *Freshwater Biology*, [37]{.underline},
1, 1997.

Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum. KE Bencala, JH Duff, JW
Harvey, AP Jackman, FJ Triska, in *Modelling Change in Environmental
Systems*. AJ Jakeman, MB Beck, MJ McAleer Eds., John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
163, 1993.

Compilation by Ken Bencala, May 20, 2005

http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/bencala.html

kbencala@usgs.gov

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