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United States Department of Agriculture

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

November

2005

**Pest lists for fresh *Litchi chinensis* (lychee or litchi),
*Dimocarpus longan* (longan), *Mangifera indica* (mango), *Garcinia
mangostana* L. (mangosteen), *Nephelium lappaceum* L. (rambutan), and
*Ananas comosus* (pineapple) fruit from Thailand**

**Agency Contact**:

Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory

Center for Plant Health Science and Technology

Plant Protection and Quarantine

1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300

Raleigh, NC 27606

**Pest lists for fresh *Litchi chinensis* (lychee or litchi),
*Dimocarpus longan* (longan), *Mangifera indica* (mango), *Garcinia
mangostana* L. (mangosteen),**

***Nephelium lappaceum* L. (rambutan), and *Ananas comosus*
(pineapple)**

**Fruit from Thailand**

**Executive Summary:**

Pest lists were prepared for *Litchi chinensis* (lychee or litchi),
*Dimocarpus longan* (longan), *Mangifera indica* (mango), *Garcinia
mangostana* L. (mangosteen), *Nephelium lappaceum* L. (rambutan), and
*Ananas comosus* (pineapple) fruit from Thailand. The pest lists were
refined to identify quarantine significant pests that had the
possibility to be introduced via imports of fresh fruit. These pests
were then considered in light of the proposal by Thailand to use the
generic irradiation treatment (400Gy) as a general mitigation measure
for all fruit.

All arthropods found to be quarantine significant for the U.S. would be
effectively mitigated with the generic irradiation treatment, including
three lepidopteran species that would have only the eggs and larvae
associated with commercial fruit. The generic treatment is not effective
however against two quarantine significant pathogens found associated
with longan and mango. Signs and symptoms of both pathogens are easily
detected but they can also be latent in some fruit. The diseases could
be significant in their consequences to their host crops but both
require extremely unlikely conditions for introduction. The strategy
suggested in both cases was to require certification based on inspection
to ensure a very low escape rate and thereby reduce the probability of
introduction of the pathogens to negligible levels.

**Table of Contents**

> **Executive
> summary....................................................... 1**
>
> **Introduction
> ............................................................... 3**
>
> **A. Pest list for *Litchi chinensis* (lychee or litchi)
> ................... 5**
>
> **B. Pest list for *Dimocarpus longan* (longan)
> ........................ 17**
>
> **C. Pest list for *Mangifera indica*
> (mango)............................ 31**
>
> **D. Pest list for *Garcinia mangostana* L. (mangosteen)
> \...\...\...\...\... 56**
>
> **E. Pest list for *Nephelium lappaceum* L. (rambutan)..............
> 65**
>
> **F. Pest list for *Ananas comosus*
> (pineapple)......................... 77**
>
> **Summary findings
> ........................................................ 90**
>
> **Mitigations
> ................................................................. 91**
>
> **References**
>
> **Lychee
> .............................................................. 93**
>
> **Longan .............................................................
> 99**
>
> **Mango ..............................................................
> 106**
>
> **Mangosteen .......................................................
> 116**
>
> **Rambutan .........................................................
> 123**
>
> **Pineapple
> ........................................................... 129**

**Introduction**

The pest lists provided herein have been completed by the Center for
Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) in response to a request
from the Government of Thailand to export *Litchi chinensis* (lychee or
litchi), *Dimocarpus longan* (longan), *Mangifera indica* (mango),
*Garcinia mangostana* L. (mangosteen), *Nephelium lappaceum* L.
(rambutan), and *Ananas comosus* (pineapple) to the United States. The
importation of these fruit has the potential to create a pathway for the
introduction of unwanted plant pests into the United States. In order to
reduce or eliminate the pest risk that may be associated with the import
of these fruit into the United States, Thailand has proposed to have the
fruit treated with irradiation using an APHIS-approved generic treatment
(400Gy) as a condition of entry. By developing these pest lists, APHIS
is able to identify pests of potential concern in order to determine if
the generic irradiation treatment is adequate or other measures are
required.

The process begins with an evaluation of the weediness potential (Table
1 for each commodity). This is to determine if any of the commodities in
question may be potential pests themselves in the event they were to be
propagated. The listing process then proceeds by identifying the pests
for which evidence exists to indicate their presence in Thailand and
their association with the hosts in question. Interceptions are
summarized (Table 2 for each commodity), followed by a complete summary
of evidence (Table 3 for each commodity).

The summary evidence identifies: (1) the presence or absence of these
pests in the continental United States; (2) the generally affected plant
part or parts; (3) any additional important hosts; (4) the quarantine
status of the pest with respect to the United States; and (5) pertinent
citations for either the distribution or the biology of the pest.

Because of specific characteristics of a given pest\'s biology and
distribution, many organisms are eliminated from further consideration
as sources of phytosanitary risks because they do not satisfy the IPPC
definition of a quarantine pest: \"A pest of potential economic
importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there, or
present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled".
Pests not found to have potential economic importance, lacking the
distribution requirements, or not under official control, are not
considered for mitigation purposes because they do not meet the
internationally agreed criteria. For this same reason, organisms that
are not agents injurious to plants are ignored. Only those quarantine
pests that are of potential economic importance and likely to follow the
pathway are listed as candidates for mitigation.

Other organisms on the summary of evidence were excluded from further
consideration for a variety of reasons: they are well established and
widespread in the United States; they are associated mainly with plant
parts other than the commodity; they may be associated with the
commodity, but it was not considered reasonable to expect these pests to
remain with the commodity during processing; or they have been
intercepted on rare occasions as biological contaminants by APHIS-PPQ
Officers during inspections of the commodity and would not be expected
to be found frequently with commercial shipments. Pests listed at the
level of genus or higher were also not considered further due to the
lack of evidence that these organisms posed risks.

Some of the quarantine pests listed in the summary evidence may be
potentially detrimental to the agricultural and natural systems of the
United States but were not listed for mitigation for variety of reasons.
Examples include, but are not limited to the following: non-fertile life
stages can be transported in a shipment but are unable to establish
viable populations upon entry into the United States; the pest is only
associated with the commodity because of packing or handling procedures
(biological contaminants), or the pests may be associated with the
commodity but will not remain with it during transport or processing.
Insects with inherent mobility (wings, legs, etc.) and/or the instinct
to avoid light or human activity are unlikely to remain with the
commodity. In contrast, quarantine pests that are unable to leave the
commodity may have immobile or cryptic life stages and can follow the
pathway.

Pests that meet the internationally accepted criteria for quarantine
pests and would be expected to be associated with commercial fruit for
export (follow the pathway) are listed in the final summary (Table 4 for
each commodity). All pests identified as quarantine pests that are
likely to follow the pathway are potential candidates for mitigation
measures. Each pest is considered against its potential to be detected
in the course of normal visual inspection and/or effectively mitigated
by the proposed treatment. The objective is to determine if there are
quarantine pests that may be of concern which will not be either easily
detected via inspection or mitigated by the proposed treatment. Pest
risk is a dynamic concept however since pest information is fluid and
pest mitigations evolve. As information on new hazards or new
mitigations is identified, these findings may be updated.

Past PRAs or a history of regulatory decisions or policies associated
with each commodity are summarized in Table 5 where this information
exists. Authority for APHIS to regulate plant pests and plant products
is derived from the Plant Protection Act of 2000 (7USD §§ 7701 *et
seq*.) and the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Part 319, Subpart
37 (7 CFR § 319.56 - Foreign Quarantine - Subpart Fruits and Vegetables.
The methodology used to create the lists and the use of biological and
phytosanitary terms are consistent with specifications of the
International Plant Protection Convention, the North American Plant
Protection Organization, and current Agency guidelines.

**A. Pest list for *Litchi chinensis* (lychee or litchi)**

**Table A1:** Weed potential of *Litchi chinensis* from Thailand

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Commodity: *Litchi chinesis* (Lychee)                                 |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 1. *L. chinesis* is in limited production in Florida and        |
| Hawaii.                                                               |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 2. Is the genus *L. chinesis* listed in:                        |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Geographical Atlas of World Weeds (Holm *et al*.,    |
| 1979)                                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} World\'s Worst Weeds (Holm *et al*., 1977) or World  |
| Weeds: Natural Histories                                              |
|                                                                       |
| and Distribution (Holm *et al*., 1997).                               |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Report of the Technical Committee to Evaluate        |
| Noxious Weeds; Exotic Weeds                                           |
|                                                                       |
| for Federal Noxious Weed Act (Gunn and Ritchie, 1982).                |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Economically Important Foreign Weeds (Reed, 1977).   |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Weed Science Society of America List (WSSA, 1989)/   |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Is there any literature reference indicating weed    |
| potential, (e.g., AGRICOLA,                                           |
|                                                                       |
| CAB Biological Abstracts, AGRIS; search on \"Podocarpus\" combined    |
| with \"weed\").                                                       |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 3. *L. chinensis* is grown in limited production in Florida and |
| Hawaii, and there is no evidence of                                   |
|                                                                       |
| invasive behavior.                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Table A2:** Summary of Pest Interceptions^1^ on *Litchi chinensis*
(lychee) (1985-2003)

+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| **Pest**           | **Year of Interception      | **Locations of    |
|                    | (Number of Interceptions)** | Interceptions**   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Aulacaspis* sp.   | 1994(1)                     | Baggage           |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Bactrocera* sp.   | 2003(1                      | Baggage, permit   |
|                    | ),2002(2),2000(1),1997(121) | cargo             |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Carposinidae,*    | 1989(1)                     | Baggage           |
| species of         |                             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Coccidae,*        | 2001(1),1992(2),1990(1)     | Baggage, general  |
| species of         |                             | cargo             |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Conopomorpha* sp. | 2003(1)                     | Baggage           |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Curculionidae.*   | 1986(1)                     | Baggage           |
| species of         |                             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Dacus* sp.        | 1987(1)                     | Baggage           |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Diaspididae,*     | 1992(1),1989(1),1988(1)     | Baggage           |
| species of         |                             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Drepanococcus*    | 2002(1)                     | Baggage           |
| sp.                |                             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Dysmicoccus       | 2000(1),1999(1),!993(1)     | Baggage. general  |
| neobrevipes*       |                             | cargo             |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Gelechiidae,*     | 1985(1)                     | Baggage           |
| species of         |                             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Gracillariidae,*  | 2003(1)                     | Baggage, permit   |
| species of         | ,2001(1).2000(131),1999(1), | cargo             |
|                    |                             |                   |
|                    | 1998(                       |                   |
|                    | 2),1997(16),1996(2),1995(1) |                   |
|                    |                             |                   |
|                    | 1994(                       |                   |
|                    | 3),1993(7),1992(2),1991(1), |                   |
|                    |                             |                   |
|                    | 1988(8),1985(1)             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Phomopsis* sp.    | 1998(1)                     | Baggage           |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Planococcus       | 2003(1),1991(1)             | Baggage           |
| lilacinus*         |                             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Planococcus       | 2001(1)                     | Baggage           |
| minor*             |                             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Planococcus* sp.  | 1987(1),1986(1)             | Baggage           |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Pseudococcidae,*  | 2003(                       | Baggage, general  |
| species of         | 2),2002(2),1999(1),1998(1), | cargo, quarters   |
|                    |                             |                   |
|                    | 1997                        |                   |
|                    | (1),1996(2),1993(3),1992(3) |                   |
|                    |                             |                   |
|                    | 199                         |                   |
|                    | 1(2)1988(8),1986(1),1985(4) |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Pseudococcus* sp. | 2003(3)                     | Baggage           |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Rastrococcus* sp. | 2000(1)                     | Baggage           |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Saissetia* sp.    | 1988(1)                     | Baggage           |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Tephritidae*,     | 2002(1),1993(2)             | Baggage           |
| species of         |                             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Thosea* sp.       | 1992(1)                     | Baggage           |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Tortricidae,*     | 2001                        | Baggage           |
| species of         | (1),2000(1),1993(1),1984(1) |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+
| *Triozidae,*       | 2001(1)                     | Baggage           |
| species of         |                             |                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------------+-------------------+

^1^PIN309, 2003.

**Table A3:** Pests in Thailand Associated with Litchi (Litchi chinensis
Sonn.).

+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
|                | **Geog   | *      | **Quar | **     | **R         |
|                | raphical | *Plant | antine | Likely | eferences** |
|                | D        | Part   | Pes    | to     |             |
|                | istribut | A      | t^3^** | Follow |             |
|                | ion^1^** | ffecte |        | Pat    |             |
|                |          | d^2^** |        | hway** |             |
+================+==========+========+========+========+=============+
| **ARTHROPODS** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **ACARI**      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Eriophyidae**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Aceria        | TH       | L, I,  | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| litchi*        |          | S      |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Keifer)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| T              |          |        |        |        |             |
| enuipalpidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Brevipalpus   | TH, US   | L, S   | No     | No     | CABI, 2003  |
| phoenicis*     |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Geijskes)     | (DC, FL, |        |        |        |             |
|                | HI)      |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| T              |          |        |        |        |             |
| etranychidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Oligonychus   | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| biharensis*    |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Hirst)        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **INSECTA**    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Order :      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Coleoptera**   |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family:      |          |        |        |        |             |
| C              |          |        |        |        |             |
| urculionidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Hypomeces     | TH       | L, R,  | Yes    | No     | CABI, 2003  |
| squamosus*     |          | S      |        |        |             |
| Fabricius      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family:      |          |        |        |        |             |
| S              |          |        |        |        |             |
| carabaeridae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Xylotrupes    | TH       | Br     | Yes    | No^4^  | CABI, 2003  |
| gideon*        |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Linnaeus)     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Order :      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Diptera**      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Tephritidae**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Bactrocera*   | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | I           |
|                |          |        |        |        | nterception |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Bactrocera    | TH, US   | F      | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA,      |
| dorsalis*      | (HI)     |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Hendel)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Bactrocera    | TH, US   | F      | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA,      |
| cucurbitae*    | (HI)     |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Coquillet      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Dacus* sp.    | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
|                |          |        |        |        | i           |
|                |          |        |        |        | nterception |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Order :      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Hemiptera      |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Homoptera)**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Aleyrodidae**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Aleurocanthus | TH, US   | L, S   | \      | No     | CABI, 2003  |
| woglumi* Ashby | (FL, HI, |        | [Yes\] |        |             |
|                | TX)      |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Aphididae**    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Aphis         | TH, US   | I , L, | No     | No     | CABI, 2003  |
| gossypii*      |          | S      |        |        |             |
| Glover         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Coccidae**     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Ceroplastes   | TH, US   | Br, L  | No     | No     | CABI, 2003; |
| ps             |          |        |        |        | Waite and   |
| eudoceriferus* |          |        |        |        | Hwang,      |
| Green          |          |        |        |        | 2002; AFFA, |
| =*Ceroplastes  |          |        |        |        | 2004        |
| ceriferus*     |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Fabricus)     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Ceroplastes   | TH, US   | F, L,  | \      | Yes    | THDOA,      |
| rubens*        |          | S      | [Yes\] |        | 2004a       |
| Maskell        | (FL, HI) |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Coccus        | TH, US   | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
| viridis* Green | (HI)     |        |        |        | in          |
|                |          |        |        |        | terception; |
|                |          |        |        |        | Nakahara,   |
|                |          |        |        |        | 1981; USDA, |
|                |          |        |        |        | 2003.       |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *              | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
| Drepanococcus* |          |        |        |        | i           |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | nterception |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Pulvinaria    | TH, US   | F, L,  | No     | Yes^5^ | CABI, 2003  |
| psidii*        |          | S      |        |        |             |
| Maskell        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Saissetia     | TH, US   | L, S   | Yes    | No^4^  | CABI, 2003  |
| coffeae*       |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Walker)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Saissetia*    | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | i           |
|                |          |        |        |        | nterception |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Diaspididae**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Aonidiella    | TH, US   | L, S,  | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003  |
| orientalis*    | (Fl)     | F      |        |        |             |
| (Newstead)     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Aulacaspis    | TH       | L, F   | Yes    | No^4^  | PPQ         |
| tubercularis*  |          |        |        |        | in          |
| Newstead       |          |        |        |        | terception; |
|                |          |        |        |        | CABI, 2003. |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Kerriidae**    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Laccifer      | TH       | Br, S  | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| lacca* Kerr    |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Margarodidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Icerya        | TH       | L, S   | Yes    | No^4^  | CABI, 2003  |
| seychellarum*  |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Westwood)     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Ps             |          |        |        |        |             |
| eudococcidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Cataenococcus | TH       | F      | Yes    | No^4^  | PPQ         |
| hispidus*      |          |        |        |        | in          |
| Morrison       |          |        |        |        | terception; |
|                |          |        |        |        | CABI, 2003. |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *M             | TH, US   | F      | Yes    | No^10^ | PPQ         |
| aconellicoccus | (FL, HI) |        |        |        | in          |
| hirsutus*      |          |        |        |        | terception; |
| Green          |          |        |        |        | USDA, 2003  |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Pseudococcus* | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | I           |
|                |          |        |        |        | nterception |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Dysmicoccus   | TH, US   | F      | \      | Yes    | CABI, 2003; |
| neobrevipes*   | (HI, FL) |        | [Yes\] |        | Miller and  |
|                |          |        |        |        | Miller,     |
|                |          |        |        |        | 2002; PPQ   |
|                |          |        |        |        | In          |
|                |          |        |        |        | terception. |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Ferrisia      | TH, US   | F, L,  | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003  |
| virgata* Cock  |          | S      |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Paracoccus    | TH       | F      | Yes    | No^4^  | PPQ         |
| interceptus*   |          |        |        |        | in          |
| Lit            |          |        |        |        | terception; |
|                |          |        |        |        | USDA, 2003  |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Planococcus   | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
| lilacinus*     |          |        |        |        | In          |
|                |          |        |        |        | terception; |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Planococcus   | TH       | F      | Yes    | No^9^  | Ben-Dov,    |
| litchi* Cox    |          |        |        |        | 1994; USDA, |
|                |          |        |        |        | 2003.       |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Planococcus*  | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | I           |
|                |          |        |        |        | nterception |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Planococcus   | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ,        |
| minor*         |          |        |        |        | In          |
| (Maskell)      |          |        |        |        | terception; |
|                |          |        |        |        | USDA, 2003. |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Pseudococcus  | TH, US   | F, L   | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003  |
| j              |          |        |        |        |             |
| ackbeardsleyi* | (FL, HI, |        |        |        |             |
| Gimpel and     | TX)      |        |        |        |             |
| Miller         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Rastrococcus* | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | I           |
|                |          |        |        |        | nterception |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Pentatomidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Tessaratoma   | TH       | S, F,  | Yes    | No^6^  | THDOA,      |
| papillosa*     |          | I, Sh  |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Drury)        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family:      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Tingidae**     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Stephanitis   | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | PPQ         |
| typica*        |          |        |        |        | In          |
| Distant        |          |        |        |        | terception; |
|                |          |        |        |        | CABI, 2003  |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Order :      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Isoptera**     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Rhi            |          |        |        |        |             |
| notermitidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Coptotermes*  | TH       | R, S   | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA,      |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Order :      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Lepidoptera**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family:      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Cossidae**     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Zeuzera       | TH       | Br     | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| coffeae*       |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Nietner        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Geometridae**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Anisodes      | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| illepidaria*   |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Guenée         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Ascotis       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| seleneria      |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| imparata*      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Walker         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Gymnoscelis   | TH       | L, Sh  | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| imparatalis*   |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Walker         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Hyposidra     | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| talaca*        |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Walker)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Pingasa       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| chlora*        |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Stoll)        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Pingasa       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| ruginaria*     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Guenée         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Thalassodes   | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| falsaria*      |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Prout          |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Thalassodes   | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| quadraria*     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Guenée         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Gr             |          |        |        |        |             |
| acillariidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Conopomorpha  | TH       | L, Sh  | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| litchiella*    |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Bradley        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Conopomorpha  | TH       | F, L   | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA,      |
| sinensis*      |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Bradley        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Conopomorpha* | TH       | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ         |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | I           |
|                |          |        |        |        | nterception |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| La             |          |        |        |        |             |
| cithoceridae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Odites        | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| atonopa*       |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Meyrick        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| L              |          |        |        |        |             |
| asiocampidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Kunugia       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| basidiscata*   |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Holloway)     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Limacodidae**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Idonauton     | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| apicalis*      |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Walker)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Miresa        | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| albipuncta*    |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Her           |          |        |        |        |             |
| rich-Schaffer) |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Parasa        | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | CABI, 2003  |
| lepida*        |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Cramer)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *              | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| Pseudonirmides |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| cyanopasta*    |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Hampson)      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Thosea* sp.   | TH       | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | PPQ         |
|                |          |        |        |        | I           |
|                |          |        |        |        | nterception |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Lycaenidae**   |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Anthene       | TH       | I, L   | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| emolus emolus* |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Godart)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Deudorix      | TH       | F, I,  | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA,      |
| epijarbas*     |          | Sd     |        |        | 2004a       |
| Moore          |          |        |        |        |             |
| =(*Deudorix    |          |        |        |        |             |
| epijarbas      |          |        |        |        |             |
| amatius*       |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fruhstofer)    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Rapala        | TH       | I      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| pheretima      |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| petosiris*     |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Hewitson)     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Lymantriidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Dasychira     | TH       | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | THDOA,      |
| mendosa*       |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Hubner         |          |        |        |        |             |
| =(*Olene       |          |        |        |        |             |
| mendosa*       |          |        |        |        |             |
| Huber)         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Orgyia        | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| postica*       |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Walker)       |          |        |        |        |             |
| =*Notolophus   |          |        |        |        |             |
| australis      |          |        |        |        |             |
| posticus*      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Walker         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Orgyia        | TH       | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | Hill, 1983; |
| turbata*       |          |        |        |        | Wongsiri,   |
| Butler         |          |        |        |        | 1991;       |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Noctuidae**    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Achaea        | TH, US   | I, L   | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| janata*        | (HI)     |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Linneaus)     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Autoba        | TH       | I      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| abr            |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| upta=(Eublemma |          |        |        |        |             |
| abrupta)*      |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Walker)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Autoba        | TH       | I, L   | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| brachygonia*   |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| =(*Eublemma    |          |        |        |        |             |
| brachygonia*)  |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Hampson)      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Autoba        | TH       | I      | Yes    | No^4^  | THDOA,      |
| versicolor*    |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| =(*Eublemma    |          |        |        |        |             |
| versicolor*)   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Hampson        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Eudocima      | TH, US   | F      | Yes    | No^7^  | CABI, 2003  |
| fullonia*      | (HI)     |        |        |        |             |
| (Cl            |          |        |        |        |             |
| erck)*=Othreis |          |        |        |        |             |
| fullonia*      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Ischyja       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| manlia* Cramer |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Oxyodes       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| scrobiculata*  |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Fabricius      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Polydesma     | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| boarmoides*    |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Guenee         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Selepa        | TH       | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | THDOA,      |
| celtis*        |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| Moore          |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Sympis        | TH       | I, L   | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| rufibasis*     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Guenee         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Notodontidae** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Dudusa        | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| synopla*       |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Swinhoe        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Tarsolepis    | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| elephantorum*  |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Banginger      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Pyralidae**    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Conogethes    | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | PPQ         |
| punctiferalis* |          |        |        |        | In          |
| Guenée         |          |        |        |        | terception; |
|                |          |        |        |        | CABI, 2003. |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Hedylepta     | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| barcalis*      |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Walker         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Saturniidae**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Attacus       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | CABI, 2003  |
| atlas*         |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Linnaeus)     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Cricula       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | CABI, 2003  |
| trifenestrata* |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Helfer)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Sphingidae**   |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Cephonodes    | TH       | L, I   | Yes    | No     | AFFA, 2004  |
| hylas hylas*   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Linnaeus       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Tortricidae**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Archips       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | Kuroko and  |
| asiatica*      |          |        |        |        | Lewvanich,  |
| Walsingham     |          |        |        |        | 1993; AFFA, |
|                |          |        |        |        | 2004        |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Archips       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| machlopis*     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Meyrick        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Archips       | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| micaceana*     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Walker)       |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Cnesteboda    | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| celligera*     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Meyrick)      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Cryptophlebia | TH,      | F      | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA,      |
| ombrodelta*    | US(HI)   |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Lower)        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Dudua         | TH,      | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| aprobola*      | US(HI)   |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Meyrick        |          |        |        |        |             |
| =(*Argyroploce |          |        |        |        |             |
| aprobola*,     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Myrick, 1886)  |          |        |        |        |             |
| =(*Platypeplus |          |        |        |        |             |
| aprobola*      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Myrick)        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Homona        | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| coffearia*     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Nietner        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Homona        | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| difficilis*    |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Meyrick)      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Statherotis   | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| discana*       |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Felder et     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Rogenhofer)    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Statherotis   | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| leucaspis*     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Meyrickr)     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Order :      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Thysanoptera** |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Family :     |          |        |        |        |             |
| Thripidae**    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Ermothrips    | TH       | I      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| lobatus*       |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Bhatti         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Frankliniella | TH, US   | F      | No     | Yes    | PPQ         |
| intonsa*       | (WA)     |        |        |        | in          |
| Trybom         |          |        |        |        | terception; |
|                |          |        |        |        | CABI, 2003. |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *              | TH       | I, L   | Yes    | No^5^  | CABI, 2003  |
| Megalurothrips |          |        |        |        |             |
| distalis*      |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Karny)        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Scirtothrips  | TH,      | I      | Yes    | No     | Waite &     |
| dorsalis* Hood | US(HI)   |        |        |        | Hwang, 2002 |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Thrips        | TH       | I      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| coloratus*     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Schmutz        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Thrips        | TH, US   | I      | No     | No     | THDOA,      |
| hawaiiensis*   |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Morgan         |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Thrips        | TH       | I      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| taiwanus*      |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Takahashi      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **ALGAE**      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Cephaleuros   | TH, US   | L      | No     | No     | THDOA,      |
| virescens*     | (FL)     |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Kunze          |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Tre          |          |        |        |        |             |
| ntepohliales\] |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **FUNGI**      |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Aspergillus   | TH, US   | F, L   | No     | Yes    | THDOA,      |
| niger* Van     |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Tiegh          |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *B             | TH       | S      | No     | No     | THDOA,      |
| otryosphaeria* |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| sp. Ces & De   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Not.           |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \              |          |        |        |        |             |
| [Ascomycetes : |          |        |        |        |             |
| Dothideales\]  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *              | TH, US   | F, I,  | No     | Yes    | AFFA,       |
| Botryodipiodia |          | S, l   |        |        | 2004 ;      |
| theobromae*    |          |        |        |        | CABI, 2003. |
| Pat.           |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Syn. :        |          |        |        |        |             |
| *Lasiodiplodia |          |        |        |        |             |
| theobromae*    |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Pat.) Griff.  |          |        |        |        |             |
| & Maubl.)      |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *C             | TH, US   | L      | No     | No     | THDOA,      |
| olletotrichum* |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| *gl            |          |        |        |        |             |
| oeosporioides* |          |        |        |        |             |
| Penz.          |          |        |        |        |             |
| (anamorph:     |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Sacc.)        |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| *Glomerella    |          |        |        |        |             |
| cingulata*     |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Stonem.)      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Spauld. &      |          |        |        |        |             |
| Schrenk        |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[teleomorph\] |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \              |          |        |        |        |             |
| [Ascomycetes : |          |        |        |        |             |
| Ph             |          |        |        |        |             |
| yllachorales\] |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Corynespora   | TH, US   | F, L,  | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003  |
| cassiicola*    |          | S      |        |        |             |
| (Berk, &       |          |        |        |        |             |
| Curtis) Wei    |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Curvularia    | TH, US   | F, I,  | No     | Yes    | THDOA,      |
| lunata*        |          | L      |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Wakker)       |          |        |        |        |             |
| Boedijn        |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Curvularia*   | TH       | I      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Erythricium   | TH, US   | L, S   | No     | No     | THDOA,      |
| salmonicolor*  | (FL)     |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| Berk & Broome  |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Syn.:         |          |        |        |        |             |
| *Corticium*    |          |        |        |        |             |
| *salmonicolor* |          |        |        |        |             |
| Berk & Broome) |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Ba           |          |        |        |        |             |
| sidiomycetes : |          |        |        |        |             |
| Sterales\]     |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Fusarium* sp. | TH       | R      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
|                |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Gloeosporium* | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| sp*.*          |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Meliola       | TH       | F, I,  | Yes    | No^8^  | THDOA,      |
| eupaniae*      |          | L      |        |        | 2004a       |
| Batista        |          |        |        |        |             |
| \              |          |        |        |        |             |
| [Ascomycetes : |          |        |        |        |             |
| Meliolales\]   |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Meliola       | TH       | F, I,  | Yes    | No^8^  | THDOA,      |
| eup            |          | L      |        |        | 2004a       |
| aniae-majoris* |          |        |        |        |             |
| Batista        |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \              |          |        |        |        |             |
| [Ascomycetes : |          |        |        |        |             |
| Meliolales\]   |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Oidium* sp.   | TH       | F, I   | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA,      |
|                |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *              | TH       | F, I,  | Yes    | Y      | THDOA,      |
| Peronophythora |          | L      |        | es^12^ | 2004a       |
| litchii* Chen  |          |        |        |        |             |
| ex Ko, Chang,  |          |        |        |        |             |
| Su, Chen & Leu |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Oomycetes :  |          |        |        |        |             |
| Pythiales\]    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *              | TH       | L      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| Pestalotiopsis |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| pauciseta*     |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| (Sacc.) Chen   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Sy             |          |        |        |        |             |
| n.=*Pestalotia |          |        |        |        |             |
| pauciseta*     |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *P             | TH       | I, L   | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| estalotiopsis* |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Phomopsis*    | TH       | L, S   | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | 2004a; PPQ  |
|                |          |        |        |        | I           |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        | nterception |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Pythium* sp.  | TH       | R      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
|                |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| \[Oomycetes :  |          |        |        |        |             |
| Pythiales\]    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Phytophthora  | TH, US   | F,I    | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003; |
| palmivora*     |          | ,L,S,R |        |        | USDA,       |
| Butler         |          |        |        |        | 2003b.      |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Oomycetes :  |          |        |        |        |             |
| Pythiales\]    |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Rhizoctonia   | TH, US   | F,I    | No^4^  | No^4^  | USDA,       |
| solani* Moore  |          | ,L,R,S |        |        | 2003b;      |
|                |          |        |        |        | Deema *et   |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        | al*., 1991. |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Rhizoctonia*  | TH       | R      | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| sp.            |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Mitosporic   |          |        |        |        |             |
| Fungi\]        |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Skierka       | TH       | L, S   | Yes    | No     | THDOA,      |
| nephelii*      |          |        |        |        | 2004a       |
| (Sawada) S.    |          |        |        |        |             |
| Ito et         |          |        |        |        |             |
| Mutayama       |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Ba           |          |        |        |        |             |
| sidiomycetes : |          |        |        |        |             |
| Uredinales\]   |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| **Nematodes**  |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *              | TH, US   | R      | No     | No     | Anon.,      |
| Aphelenchoides |          |        |        |        | 1998;       |
| ritzema-bosi*  |          |        |        |        | Revilla *et |
| Steiner        |          |        |        |        | al*., 1991. |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Aphe         |          |        |        |        |             |
| lenchoididae\] |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Criconemella* | TH       | R      | No     | No     | CABI, 2003  |
| sp. De Grisse  |          |        |        |        |             |
| & Loof         |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Cr           |          |        |        |        |             |
| iconematidae\] |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *H             | TH       | R      | Yes    | No     | AFFA, 2004  |
| elicotylenchus |          |        |        |        |             |
| exallus* Sher  |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[H            |          |        |        |        |             |
| oplolaimidae\] |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *H             | TH, US   | R      | No     | No     | CABI, 2003  |
| elicotylenchus |          |        |        |        |             |
| multicinctus*  |          |        |        |        |             |
| Golden         |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[H            |          |        |        |        |             |
| oplolaimidae\] |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Hem           | TH, US   | R      | No     | No     | CABI, 2003  |
| icriconemoides | (CA, FL) |        |        |        |             |
| mangiferae*    |          |        |        |        |             |
| Siddiqi        |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[Cr           |          |        |        |        |             |
| iconematidae\] |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *H             | TH, US   | R      | No     | No     | Anon.,      |
| elicotylenchus |          |        |        |        | 1998; CABI, |
| p              |          |        |        |        | 2003.       |
| seudorobustus* |          |        |        |        |             |
| Golden         |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[H            |          |        |        |        |             |
| oplolaimidae\] |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Rotylenchulus | TH, US   | R      | No     | No     | CABI, 2003  |
| reniformis*    |          |        |        |        |             |
| Linford and    |          |        |        |        |             |
| Oliveira       |          |        |        |        |             |
|                |          |        |        |        |             |
| \[H            |          |        |        |        |             |
| oplolaimidae\] |          |        |        |        |             |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+
| *Xiphinema     | TH, US   | R      | No     | No     | Lamberti    |
| americanum*    |          |        |        |        | and         |
| Cobb           |          |        |        |        | Bl          |
|                |          |        |        |        | eve-Zacheo, |
| \[             |          |        |        |        | 1979; CABI, |
| Longidoridae\] |          |        |        |        | 2003        |
+----------------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------------+

^1^Distribution :TH = Thailand, US = The United States of America,
(Specific states are listed only if distribution is limited.): CA =
California; FL =Florida; HI = Hawaii; TX = Texas

^2^Plant Parts; Br = Branch; F = Fruit; I = Inflorescence; L = Leaf; R =
Root; S = Stem; Sd = Seed; Sh=Shoot

^3^These are pests and pathogens that do not meet the FAO/IPPC
definition of a quarantine pest because they are in the U.S. and are not
under official control (as defined by FAO). According to the National
Identification Services, these organisms are to be treated as reportable
and actionable in PIN-309 as quarantine pests. These pests are in
brackets,\[ \], and referenced as footenote 3.

^4^This pest occurs in Thailand but extensive survey data by the
Thailand Department of Agriculture (THDOA) show that lychee is not a
host (THDOA, 2004c).

^5^Years of intensive survey data by the Thailand Department of
Agriculture show that the pest does not exist in Thailand (THDOA,
2004d).

^6^The stink bug (*Tessaratoma papillosa)* is a large, active insect
which attacks the fruit (CABI, 2003) and is unlikely to remain with
litchi after processing and therefore unlikely to follow the pathway.

^7^This species is a large, robust insect which feeds on the fruit
(CABI, 2003), and after processing is unlikely to remain on the fruit
and therefore will not follow the pathway.

^8^Sooty mold fungi generally are considered minor leaf pathogens that
grow superficially on plant tissue (Agrios, 1997*). Meliola euphoriae*
(Batista) and *Meliola euphoriae-majoris* (Batista) are quarantine pests
because they are not present in the United States. It is unlikely that
these fungi will follow the pathway because fruit is surfaced
disinfested as part of the bacterial control measures (THDOA, 2004a),
and fungi are likely to be washed off or culled during packing house
procedures (THDOA, 2004b).

^9^Literature shows Thailand distribution (USDA, 2003) and *Litchi
chinensis* as a host (USDA, 2003), but years of intensive survey data
show no evidence that *P. litchi* exists in Thailand (THDOA, 2004d).
USDA PIN309 (PIN309, 2003) data shows only one interception (from China)
since 1985.

*^10^Maconellicoccus hirsutus* occurs in Thailand, but no evidence that
the pest attacks lychee or that lychee is a host (USDA, 2003; CABI,
2003; Meyerdirk *et al*., 2001).

^11^Pest is not a plant pest and is unlikely to follow pathway(THDOA,
2004c).

^12^*P. mangiferae* is a minor disease problem for lychee in Thailand.
It is an infrequently localized problem and limited only within the
Phang District of Chiangmai Province (THDOA, 2004c).

**Table A4:** Quarantine Pests Likely to Follow Pathway on Litchi
chinensis (lychee)

**B. Pest list for *Dimocarpus longan* (longan)**

**Table B1:** Weed potential of *Dimocarpus longan* (longan) from
Thailand

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Commodity: *Dimocarpus longan* (longan)                               |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 1. *D. longan* is in limited production in Florida and Hawaii.  |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 2. Is the genus *D. longan* listed in:                          |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Geographical Atlas of World Weeds (Holm *et al*.,    |
| 1979)                                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} World\'s Worst Weeds (Holm *et al*., 1977) or World  |
| Weeds: Natural Histories                                              |
|                                                                       |
| and Distribution (Holm *et al*., 1997).                               |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Report of the Technical Committee to Evaluate        |
| Noxious Weeds; Exotic Weeds                                           |
|                                                                       |
| for Federal Noxious Weed Act (Gunn and Ritchie, 1982).                |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Economically Important Foreign Weeds (Reed, 1977).   |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Weed Science Society of America list (WSSA, 1989)/   |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Is there any literature reference indicating weed    |
| potential, (e.g., AGRICOLA,                                           |
|                                                                       |
| CAB Biological Abstracts, AGRIS; search on \"Podocarpus\" with        |
| "weed\").                                                             |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 3. *D. longan* is grown in limited production in Florida and    |
| Hawaii, and there is no evidence of invasive behavior.                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Table B2:** Summary of Pest Interceptions on *Dimocarpus longan*^1^

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Pest                    Year of Interception       Location of
                          (Number of Interceptions)  Interception
  ----------------------- -------------------------- --------------------
  *Aeolothripidae,*       1988(1)                    Baggage
  species of                                         

  *Aleurocanthus* sp.     1994(1)                    Baggage

  *Bactrocera* sp.        2003(2),2000(1), 1995(1),  Baggage
                          1993(2)1992(1), 1991(1),   
                          1990(1)                    

  *Cataenococcus          1994(1)                    Baggage
  hispidus*                                          

  *Cephaleuros* sp.       2000(1)                    Baggage

  *Ceroplastes rubens*    1992(1)                    General Cargo

  *Coccidae,* species of  1986(1)                    Baggage

  *Conogethes* sp.        1999(1), 1998(2), 1993(1)  Baggage, General
                                                     Cargo

  *Dacus* sp.             1988(1)                    Baggage

  *Diaspididae,* species  1995(1), 1991(1)           Baggage
  of                                                 

  *Diptera*, species of   2002(2), 2001(1), 1997(1), Baggage, Permit
                          1993(1), 1991(1)           Cargo

  *Drosicha* sp.          1997(1)                    Baggage

  *Dysmicoccus            2002(1), 1996(1)           Baggage
  neobrevipes*                                       

  *Gelechiidae,* species  1990(1)                    Baggage
  of                                                 

  *Gracillariidae,*       2002(1), 2001(2), 2000(7), Baggage, General
  species of              1999(10), 1998(1),         Cargo, Permit Cargo,
                          1997(5), 1996(4), 1995(3), Storage
                          1994(5), 1993(8), 1992(9), 
                          1990(1), 1989(1), 1988(3)  

  *Haplothrips* sp.       2002(1)                    Permit Cargo

  *Hymenoptera,* species  2002(1)                    Permit Cargo
  of                                                 

  *Hypothenemus* sp.      1998(1)                    Miscellaneous

  *Imperata cylindrica*   2002(1)                    Permit Cargo

  *Lepidoptera,* species  1997(1), 1996(1), 1993(1)  Baggage, Storage
  of                                                 

  *Maconellicoccus        2003(1), 2002(1)           Baggage
  hirsutus*                                          

  *Margarodidae,* species 1993(1)                    Baggage
  of                                                 

  *Microsphaeropsis* sp.  1994(1)                    General Cargo

  *Mycosphaerella* sp.    1994(1)                    General Cargo

  *Noctuidae,* species of 1998(1)                    Baggage

  *Olethreutinae, species 1993(2)                    Baggage
  of*                                                

  *Parlatoria ziziphi*    1995(1)                    Baggage

  *Pestalotiopsis* sp.    1989(1)                    Baggage

  *Phaeosphaeria* sp      1999(1)                    General Cargo

  *Phlaeothripidae,       2002(1)                    Permit Cargo
  species of*                                        

  *Planococcus lilcinus*  2003(2), 1999(1), 1997(1), Baggage
                          1993(1),                   

  *Planococcus litchi*    2000(1)                    Baggage

  *Planococcus minor*     2002(1), 1998(1), 1996(1)  Baggage

  *Planococcus* sp.       2003(1), 2002(1)1996(1),   Baggage, Quarters
                          1988(5)                    

  *Pseudaonidia           1996(1)                    6,3,2
  trilobitiformis*                                   

  *Pseudococcidae,*       2003(1), 2002(9), 2001(1), Baggage, Mail,
  species of              1998(1), 1997(2), 1996(2), General Cargo,
                          1995(1), 1994(2), 1993(3), Permit Cargo
                          1992(6), 1990(3), 1988(1), 
                          1984(1)                    

  *Tephritidae,* species  2001(1), 200(2), 1999(1),  Baggage, General
  of                      1998(1), 1997(3), 1993(2), Cargo, Permit Cargo
                          1984(1)                    

  *Thysanopiorinia        1996(1)                    Permit Cargo
  nephelii*                                          

  *Tortricidae,* species  1997(1)                    Permit Cargo
  of                                                 

  *Triozidae*, species of 2000(1)                    Mail

  *Tripidae,* species of  1997(1), 1988(1)           Baggage
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

^1^PIN 309 Data Base, APHIS, 2003

**Table B3:** Pests in Thailand Associated with Longan (*Dimocarpus
longan* Lour.) without panicles

+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Pest**     | ### G     | > *    | ###    | ###   | ###        |
|                | eographic | *Plant | Quaran |  Like | References |
|                | al Distri | > Part | tine P | ly to |            |
|                | bution^1^ | > A    | est^3^ |  Foll |            |
|                |           | ffecte |        | ow Pa |            |
|                |           | d^2^** |        | thway |            |
+================+===========+========+========+=======+============+
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| **ARTHROPODS** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **ACARI**    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Eriophyidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Abacarus    | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > AFFA,    |
| > euphoriae*   |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
| > Keifer       |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aceria      | > TH      | > L,   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > litchi*      |           | > I, S |        |       | > 2003     |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > *(Keif       |           |        |        |       |            |
| fer)=Eriophyes |           |        |        |       |            |
| > litchii      |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Keiffer)*   |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aceria      | > TH      | > L, I | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > longana*     |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Boczek &     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Knihinicki   |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > T            |           |        |        |       |            |
| etranychidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Oligonychus | > TH, USA | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > biharensis*  | > (HI)    |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Hirst)      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **INSECTA**  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Coleoptera** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| Cerambycidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aristobia   | > TH      | > S    | > Yes  | > No  | > AFFA,    |
| >              |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
|  approximator* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Thomson)    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aristobia   | > TH      | > S    | > Yes  | > No  | > AFFA,    |
| > horidura*    |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > C            |           |        |        |       |            |
| hrysomelidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | >     | > AFFA,    |
|  *Aspidomorpha |           |        |        | No^5^ | > 2004     |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| sanctaecrucis* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fabricius    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > C            |           |        |        |       |            |
| urculionidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hypomeces   | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > squamosus*   |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Fabricius)  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| Scarabaeidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Adoretus    | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Hill,    |
| > compressus*  |           |        |        |       | > 1983;    |
| > (Weber)      |           |        |        |       | > W        |
|                |           |        |        |       | aterhouse, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Anomala     | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | >     | > AFFA,    |
| > pallida*     |           |        |        | No^4^ | > 2004.    |
| > Fabricius    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Diptera**    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Tephritidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera  | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > correcta*    |           |        |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Bezzi)      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera  | > TH, US  | > F    | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > dorsalis*    | > (HI)    |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Hendel)     |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera* | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| > spp.         |           |        |        |       | > In       |
|                |           |        |        |       | terception |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dacus* sp.  | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
|                |           |        |        |       | > In       |
|                |           |        |        |       | terception |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Hemiptera    |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  (Homoptera)** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:    |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Aleyrodidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aleurodicus | > TH, US  | > L    | > No   | > No  | > PPQ      |
| > disperses*   | > (FL,    |        |        |       | > int      |
| > Russell      | > HI)     |        |        |       | erception; |
|                |           |        |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003.    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *            | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > PPQ      |
| Aleurocanthus* |           |        |        |       | > Int      |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | erception; |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Coccidae**   |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ceroplastes | > TH, US  | > Br,  | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > ps           |           | > L    |        |       | > 2004a    |
| eudoceriferus* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Green        |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  *=Ceroplastes |           |        |        |       |            |
| > ceriferus*   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Fabricius)  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ceroplastes | > TH, US  | >      | > \    | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > rubens*      | > (FL,    | F,L,Br | [Yes\] |       | > 2004a    |
| > Maskell      | > HI)     |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > Br,  | > Yes  | > Yes | > AFFA,    |
| *Drepanococcus |           | > F    |        |       | > 2004;    |
| > chiton*      |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Williams and |           |        |        |       |  Scalenet, |
| > Watson       |           |        |        |       | > 2003     |
| > =(           |           |        |        |       |            |
| *Ceroplastodes |           |        |        |       |            |
| > chiton*,     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Green)       |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Saissetia   | > TH, US  | > Br,  | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > coffeae*     |           | > L    |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Walker)     |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Diaspididae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aulacaspis  | > TH, US  | > Br,  | > \    | > No  | >          |
| >              | > (FL,    | > L    | [Yes\] |       |  Scalenet, |
|  tubercularis* | > HI)     |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > Newstead     |           |        |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Parlatoria  | > TH, US  | > F, L | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > ziziphi*     | > (FL,    |        |        | ^4,6^ | > 2004a    |
| > (Lucas)      | > HI, MS) |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH, US  | F, L   | \      | No^4^ | > THDOA,   |
|  *Pseudaonidia | > (FL)    |        | [Yes\] |       | > 2004a;   |
| > tr           |           |        | ^7^    |       | > PPQ      |
| ilobitiformis* |           |        |        |       | > int      |
| > (Green)      |           |        |        |       | erception; |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Scalenet, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *T           | > TH, US  | > Br,  | > Yes  | >     | > Nishida, |
| hysanofiorinia | > (HI)    | > L    |        | No^5^ | > 1997;    |
| > nephelii*    |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > (Maskell)    |           |        |        |       |  Scalenet, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Kerridae**   |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Kerria      | > TH      | > Br,  | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > lacca* Kerr  |           | > S    |        | No^8^ | > 2003;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:    |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| Margarodidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Drosicha*   | > TH      | > S, L | > Yes  | >     | > PPQ      |
| > sp.          |           |        |        | No^5^ | > In       |
|                |           |        |        |       | terception |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Icerya      | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > No  | > PPQ      |
| >              |           |        |        |       | > int      |
|  seychellarum* |           |        |        |       | erception; |
| > Westwood     |           |        |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003.    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:    |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| Pentatomidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > No  | > AFFA,    |
| *Rhynochocoris |           |        |        | ^4,9^ | > 2003     |
| > humeralis*   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Thunberg)   |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tessaratoma | > TH      | > F,   | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOA,   |
| > papillosa*   |           | > L, S |        | o^10^ | > 2004a    |
| > (Drury)      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Ps           |           |        |        |       |            |
| eudococcidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| *Cataenococcus |           |        |        | No^4^ | > 2003;    |
| > hispidus*    |           |        |        |       | > PPQ      |
| > Green        |           |        |        |       | > In       |
|                |           |        |        |       | terception |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dysmicoccus | > TH, US  | > F    | > \    | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > neobrevipes* | > (FL,    |        | [Yes\] |       | > 2003;    |
| > Cockerell    | > HI)     |        |        |       | > Miller & |
|                |           |        |        |       | > Miller,  |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2002;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                |           |        |        |       | > In       |
|                |           |        |        |       | tercpetion |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *M           | > TH, US  | > F,   | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| aconellicoccus | > (FL,    | > I,   |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > hirsutus*    | > HI)     | > L, S |        |       | >          |
| > Green        |           |        |        |       |  Scalenet, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                |           |        |        |       | > In       |
|                |           |        |        |       | terception |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Planococcus | > TH      | > Br,  | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > lilacinus*   |           | > F, L |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > (Cockerell)  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Planococcus | > TH      | > F, L | > Yes  | >     | > BenDov,  |
| > litchi* Cox  |           |        |        | No^5^ | > 1994;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                |           |        |        |       | > Int      |
|                |           |        |        |       | erception; |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Scalenet, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Planococcus | > TH      | > Br,  | > Yes  | > Yes | > Ben-Dov, |
| > minor*       |           | > F, L |        |       | > 1994;    |
| > (Maskell)    |           |        |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                |           |        |        |       | > Int      |
|                |           |        |        |       | erception; |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Psyllidae**  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *C           | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| ornegenapsylla |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > sinica* Yang |           |        |        |       |            |
| > and Li       |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :    |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Lepidoptera** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Arctiidae**  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Asurida     | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > AFFA,    |
| > metaphae*    |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
| > Hampson      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cyana       | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > coccinea*    |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > Moore        |           |        |        |       | > 1988;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Cossidae**   |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Zeuzera     | > TH      | > Br,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > coffeae*     |           | > S    |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Neitner      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Geometridae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ascotis     | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| > selenaria    |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > imparata*    |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       | > 1993     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Comostola   | > TH      | > I    | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > laesaria*    |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
| > (Walker)     |           |        |        |       | > 1991;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > L,   | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko   |
|  *Gymnoscellis |           | > Sh   |        |       | > and      |
| > impanatalis* |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hemithea    | > TH      | > I, L | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| > tritonaria*  |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hyposidra   | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko   |
| > talaca*      |           |        |        |       | > and      |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Jodis       | > TH      | > I    | > Yes  | >     | > AFFA,    |
| > subtractata* |           |        |        | No^5^ | > 2004     |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Oenospila   | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| >              |           |        |        |       | >          |
|  flavifuscata* |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Pingasa     | > TH      | > I, L | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| > ruginaria*   |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Guenée       |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Thalassodes | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| > falsaria*    |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Prout        |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1988;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Thalassodes | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Gunasena |
| > quadraria*   |           |        |        |       | > &        |
| > (Guenee)     |           |        |        |       | > Hughes,  |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2000;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1991;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Gr           |           |        |        |       |            |
| acillariidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > L,   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
|  *Conopomorpha |           | > Sh   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > litchiella*  |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Bradley      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > F,   | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
|  *Conopomorpha |           | > L,   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > sinensis*    |           | > Sh   |        |       |            |
| > Bradley      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Limacodidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Darna       | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > diducta*     |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Snellen)    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Idoneuton   | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko   |
| > apicalis*    |           |        |        |       | > and      |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Parasa      | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Hill,    |
| > lepida*      |           |        |        |       | > 1983;    |
| > (Cramer)     |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1991;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *            | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| Pseudonirmides |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > cyanopasta*  |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > Hampson      |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Lycaenidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Deudorix    | > TH      | > F,   | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > epijarbas*   |           | > Sd   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Moore)      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hypolycaena | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| > erylus       |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > himavantus*  |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > Fruhstorfer  |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1991     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| Lymantriidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dasychira   | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| > mendosa*     |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Hubner       |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1991;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Euproctis   | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | >     | > AFFA,    |
| > fraterna*    |           |        |        | No^5^ | > 2004     |
| > Moore        |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hypolycaena | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | >     | > AFFA,    |
| > erylus       |           |        |        | No^5^ | > 2004     |
| > himavantus*  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Lobescia    | > TH      | > I    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| > genialis*    |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Meyrick      |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Nygmia      | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > fraterna*    |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
| > Moore        |           |        |        |       | > 1991;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Orgyia      | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > postica*     |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > (Walker)     |           |        |        |       | > Kuroko   |
| >              |           |        |        |       | > and      |
|  =(*Notolophus |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > australis    |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > posticus*    |           |        |        |       | > 1993     |
| > Walker)      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Orgyia      | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Hill,    |
| > turbata*     |           |        |        |       | > 1983;    |
| > Butler       |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1991;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Noctuidae**  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Autoba      | > TH      | > I    | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > abrupta      |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > =(Eublemma   |           |        |        |       | > 1988;    |
| > abrupta*)    |           |        |        |       | > Kuroko & |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > W        |
|                |           |        |        |       | aterhouse, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eublemma    | > TH      | > I    | > Yes  | >     | > W        |
| > brachygonia* |           |        |        | No^4^ | aterhouse, |
| > =(*Autoba    |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
| >              |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|  brachygonia*) |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
| > Hampson      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eublemma    | > TH      | > I    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > versicolora* |           |        |        |       | > 2004.    |
| > =(*Autoba    |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  versicolora*) |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Hampson      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eudocima    | > TH,     | > F    | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOA,   |
| > fullonia*    | > US(HI)  |        |        | o^11^ | > 2004a    |
| > =(*Othreis   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > fullonia*)   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Clerck)     |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Homodes     | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > N   | > Kuroko & |
| >              |           |        |        | o^11^ | >          |
|  bracteigutta* |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Oxyodes     | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| >              |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
|  scrobiculata* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fabricius    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Selepa      | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| > celtis*      |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Moore, 1858  |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Sympis      | > TH      | > L, I | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > rufibasis*   |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > Guenée       |           |        |        |       | > 1988;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > Kuroko & |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Zeuzera     | > TH      | > L, S | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko & |
| > coffeae*     |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Nietner      |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| Notodontidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
|  *Cheromettia* |           |        |        |       | 2004a      |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | Kuroko &   |
|  *Neostauropus |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > alternus*    |           |        |        |       | 1993;      |
| > Walker       |           |        |        |       | AFFA, 2004 |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Sybrida*    | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | 2004a      |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Thosea* sp. | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
|                |           |        |        |       | 2004a      |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Pyralidae**  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Conogethes* | > TH      | > F,   | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| > sp.          |           | > I,   |        |       | > in       |
|                |           | > S,   |        |       | terception |
|                |           | > L,   |        |       |            |
|                |           | > Sh   |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Conogethes  | > TH      | > I    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| >              |           |        |        |       | > 2004.    |
| punctiferalis* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Guenée       |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| =(*Dichocrocis |           |        |        |       |            |
| > p            |           |        |        |       |            |
| unctiferalis*) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH, US  | > F    | > No   | > Yes | > PPQ      |
|  *Cryptoblabes | > (HI,    |        |        |       | > int      |
| > gridiella*   | > NY)     |        |        |       | erception; |
| > Millière     |           |        |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003.    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Tineidae**   |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Decadarchis | > TH      | > Bk   | > Yes  | >     | > AFFA,    |
| > leucopogon*  |           |        |        | No^5^ | > 2004     |
| > Meyrick      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Tortricidae** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Archips     | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Hill,    |
| > micaceanus*  |           |        |        |       | > 1983;    |
| > (Walker)     |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1988;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > W        |
|                |           |        |        |       | aterhouse, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cnesteboda  | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > AFFA,    |
| > celligera*   |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
| > Meyrick      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| *Cryptophlebia |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > ombrodelta*  |           |        |        |       | > Kuroko   |
| > (Lower)      |           |        |        |       | > and      |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1991;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dudua       | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Kuroko   |
| > aprobola     |           |        |        |       | > and      |
| > (Meyrick)*   |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1991;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *G           | > TH      | > I    | > Yes  | >     | > AFFA,    |
| ateschlarkeana |           |        |        | No^5^ | > 2004     |
| > india*       |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Diakonoff    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Homona      | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Hill,    |
| > coffearia*   |           |        |        |       | > 1983;    |
| > (Nietner)    |           |        |        |       | > Waite &  |
|                |           |        |        |       | > Hwang,   |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2002;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Homona      | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > Waite &  |
| > difficilis*  |           |        |        |       | > Hwang,   |
| > (Nietner)    |           |        |        |       | > 2002;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > AFFA,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2004     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Statherotis | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > discana*     |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Felder &    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Rogenhofer)  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Statherotis | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > leucaspis*   |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
| > (Meyrick)    |           |        |        |       | > 1988;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > Kuroko & |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | Lewvanich, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1993;    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :    |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| Thysanoptera** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Thripidae**  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *M           | > TH      | > I, L | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| egalurothrips* |           |        |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | > 1991     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH, US  | > I, L | > \    | > No  | THDOA,     |
|  *Scirtothrips | > (HI)    |        | [Yes\] |       | 2004a      |
| > dorsalis*    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Hood         |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Thrips      | > TH      | > I    | > Yes  | > No  | Wongsiri,  |
| > coloratus*   |           |        |        |       | 1991;      |
| > (Schmutz)    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **ALGAE**    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cephaleuros | > TH, US  | > L    | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > virescens*   |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Kunze        |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (C           |           |        |        |       |            |
| hroolepidales) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
|  *Cephaleuros* |           |        |        |       | > In       |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | terception |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (C           |           |        |        |       |            |
| hroolepidales) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **BACTERIA** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH, US  | > S    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| *Agrobacterium | > (HI)    |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > tumefaciens* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Smith &     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Townsend)    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Conn Syn.    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > *Rhizobium   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > radiobacter* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Beijerinck  |           |        |        |       |            |
| > & van        |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Delden)      |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Young        |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Alphap     |           |        |        |       |            |
| roteobacteria: |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Rhizobiales\] |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **FUNGI**    |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Alternaria*   | > TH      | > Pa   | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| sp.            |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| \[Mitosporic   |           |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]        |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Aspergillus   | > TH, US  | > Pa   | > No   | Yes   | > THDOA,   |
| niger* van     |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| Teighem        |           |        |        |       |            |
|                |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *            | > TH      | > S    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| Brachysporium* |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Capnodium   | > TH      | > F,   | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOA,   |
| > ramosum*     |           | > I, L |        | o^13^ | > 2004a    |
| > Cooke        |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| \[Ascomycetes: |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Dothideales\] |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Chaetomium* | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| \[Ascomycetes: |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Sordariales\] |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Cladosporium  | > TH, US  | > Pa   | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| cl             |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| adosporioides* |           |        |        |       |            |
| (Fresen) De    |           |        |        |       |            |
| Vries          |           |        |        |       |            |
|                |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Cladosporium* | > TH      | > Pa   | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| sp.            |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
|                |           |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic   |           |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]        |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *C           | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| olletotrichum* |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Corticium   | > TH, US  | > S    | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| >              | > (FL,    |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
|  salmonicolor* | > LA, MS) |        |        |       |            |
| > Berk. et Br. |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Ba         |           |        |        |       |            |
| sidiomycetes : |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Stereales\]  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Curvularia* | > TH, US  | > F    | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.          | > (AR,    |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| >              | > LA)     |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Diplodia*   | > TH      | > Sd   | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Fusarium    | > TH, US  | > L,   | > No   | > No  | > Manoch   |
| > solani*      |           | > R, S |        |       | > *et      |
| >              |           |        |        |       | > al*.,    |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       | > 1999;    |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       | > SBML,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003.    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Fusarium*   | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Geotrichum  | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > No^ | > CABI,    |
| > candidum*    |           |        |        | 4,14^ | > 2002     |
| > Link         |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Glomerella  | > TH, US  | > F    | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > cingulata*   |           |        |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Stonem.)    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Spauld. &    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Schreak      |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \            |           |        |        |       |            |
| [Ascomycetes : |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Ph           |           |        |        |       |            |
| yllachorales\] |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH, US  | > F    | > No   | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| *Lasiodiplodia | > (CA,    |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > theobromae*  | > AL, GA) |        |        |       | > THDOA,   |
| > (Pat.)       |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Griff. &     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Maubl.       |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *            | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| Lasiodiplodia* |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Melio       | > TH      | > F, L | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOA,   |
| la euphoriae*  |           |        |        | o^13^ | > 2004a    |
| \[Ascomycetes  |           |        |        |       |            |
| : Meliolales\] |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Meliola*    | > TH      | > F,   | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.          |           | > I, L |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > \            |           |        |        |       |            |
| [Ascomycetes : |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Meliolales\] |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Mic         | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | >     | > PPQ      |
| rosphaeropsis* |           |        |        | No^4^ | > In       |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | terception |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *M           | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | >     | > PPQ      |
| ycosphaerella* |           |        |        | No^4^ | > In       |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | terception |
| > \            |           |        |        |       |            |
| [Ascomycetes : |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  Dothidiales\] |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Nigrospora* | > TH      | > Pa   | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *P           | > TH      | > F ,  | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| estalotiopsis* |           | > L    |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > sp. Syn.     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > *Pestalotia* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *              | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | >     | > PPQ      |
| Phaeosphaeria* |           |        |        | No^5^ | > In       |
| sp.            |           |        |        |       | terception |
| \[Ascomycetes: |           |        |        |       |            |
| Dothideales\]  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
|  *Phialophora* |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Phomopsis*  | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| *Phyllosticta* |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]      |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH, US  | > F,   | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
|  *Phytophthora |           | > I, L |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > capsici*     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Leonian      |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  \[Oomycetes : |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Pythiales\]  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH, US  | > R, S | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
|  *Phytophthora | > (AZ,    |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > palmivora*   | > CA, FL, |        |        |       |            |
| > (Butler)     | > HI)     |        |        |       |            |
| > Butler       |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  \[Oomycetes : |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Pythiales\]  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Rhizopus*   | > TH      | > F    | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  \[Zygomycetes |           |        |        |       |            |
| > :            |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Mucorales\]  |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
|  **NEMATODES** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH      | > R    | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| *Criconemella* |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       | > Chunram, |
| > (C           |           |        |        |       | > 1972     |
| riconematidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dis         | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > Chunram, |
| cocriconemella |           |        |        |       | > 1972     |
| > limitanea*   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Luc) De     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Grisse &     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Loof         |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (C           |           |        |        |       |            |
| riconematidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *H           | > TH, US  | > R    | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| elicotylenchus |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > dihystera*   |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (Cobb) Sher  |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (            |           |        |        |       |            |
| Hoplolaimidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hem         | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > Chunram, |
| icriconemella* |           |        |        |       | > 1972     |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (C           |           |        |        |       |            |
| riconematidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hem         | > TH, US  | > R    | > \    | >     | > CABI,    |
| icriconemoides |           |        | [Yes\] | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| > mangiferae*  |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Siddiqi      |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (C           |           |        |        |       |            |
| riconematidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hemi        | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > Chunram, |
| criconemoides* |           |        |        |       | > 1972     |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (C           |           |        |        |       |            |
| riconematidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hoplolaimus | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > Timm,    |
| > seinhorsti*  |           |        |        |       | > 1965;    |
| > Luc          |           |        |        |       | > Toida    |
| > (            |           |        |        |       | > *et      |
| Hoplolaimidae) |           |        |        |       | > al.*,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1991     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Meloidogyne | > TH, US  | > R    | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > javanica*    |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Treub)      |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Chitwood     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (M           |           |        |        |       |            |
| eloidogynidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *            | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > Chunram, |
| Paralongidorus |           |        |        |       | > 1972     |
| > sacchari*    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Siddiqi      |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Hooper &     |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Khan         |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (            |           |        |        |       |            |
| Tylenchulidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH, US  | > R    | > No   | > No  | > B        |
|  *Pratylenchus |           |        |        |       | irchfield, |
| > zeae* Graham |           |        |        |       | > 1960;    |
| > (P           |           |        |        |       | > CABI,    |
| ratylenchidae) |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       | CABI/EPPO, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2001;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > EPPO,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| >              | > TH, US  | > R    | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| *Rotylenchulus |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > reniformis*  |           |        |        |       | >          |
| > Linford &    |           |        |        |       | CABI/EPPO, |
| > Olievera     |           |        |        |       | > 2001;    |
| > (            |           |        |        |       | > Chunram, |
| Hoplolaimidae) |           |        |        |       | > 1972;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > EPPO,    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 2003;    |
|                |           |        |        |       | > Linford  |
|                |           |        |        |       | > &        |
|                |           |        |        |       | >          |
|                |           |        |        |       |  Oliveria, |
|                |           |        |        |       | > 1940     |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ty          | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > Chunram, |
| lenchorhynchus |           |        |        |       | > 1972     |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| clavicaudatus* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Seinhorst    |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (B           |           |        |        |       |            |
| elonolaimidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ty          | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| lenchorhynchus |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > c            |           |        |        |       |            |
| rassicaudatus* |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (B           |           |        |        |       |            |
| elonolaimidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ty          | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > Chunram, |
| lenchorhynchus |           |        |        |       | > 1972     |
| > dactylurus*  |           |        |        |       |            |
| > Das.         |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (B           |           |        |        |       |            |
| elonolaimidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tylenchulus | > TH, US  | > R    | > No   | > No  | > Anon.,   |
| >              |           |        |        |       | > 1998;    |
| semipenetrans* |           |        |        |       | > CABI,    |
| > Cobb         |           |        |        |       | > 2003.    |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| \[Anguinidae\] |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tyl         | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > Chunram, |
| enchorhynchus* |           |        |        |       | > 1972     |
| > sp.          |           |        |        |       |            |
| > (B           |           |        |        |       |            |
| elonolaimidae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Xiphinema   | > TH      | > R    | > Yes  | > No  | > Chunram, |
| > radicicola*  |           |        |        |       | > 1972     |
| > Goodey       |           |        |        |       |            |
| >              |           |        |        |       |            |
| (Longidoridae) |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *            |           |        |        |       |            |
| *PHYTOPLASMA** |           |        |        |       |            |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Phytoplasma  | > TH      | > L    | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > (MLO)        |           |        |        |       | > 2004a    |
+----------------+-----------+--------+--------+-------+------------+

^1^Distribution (specific states are listed only if distribution is
limited); AL = Alabama; AR = Arkansas; AZ= Arizona; CA = California; FL
= Florida; GA = Georgia; HI = Hawaii; MS = Mississispi; NC = North
Carolina; LA = Louissiana; TX = Texas

^2^Plant Parts: Bk = Bark; Br = Branch; F = Fruit; I = Inflorescence; L
= Leaf; Pa = Panicle; R = Root; S = Stem; Sd = Seed; Sh = Shoot

^3^ These are pests and pathogens that do not meet the FAO/IPPC
definition of a quarantine pest because they are in the U.S. and are not
under official control (as defined by FAO). According to the National
Identification Services, these organisms are to be treated as reportable
and actionable in PIN-309 as quarantine pests. These pests are in
brackets,\[\], and referenced as footenote 3.

^4^This pest occurs in Thailand but extensive survey data by the
Thailand Department of Agriculture (THDOA) show that lychee is not a
host (THDOA, 2004c).

^5^Years of intensive survey data by the Thailand Department of
Agriculture show that the pest does not exist in Thailand (THDOA,
2004d).

^6^Host range of this species apparently is restricted to Rutaceae,
particularly *Citrus* spp.; authenticity of records for other hosts is
questionable. (Deckle, 1976).

^7^*Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis* occurs in Thailand but no evidence to
confirm that it is a host for *P. trilobitiformis* (Scalenet, 2003).
USDA interception data show three interceptions worldwide (one from
Thailand, baggage) (PIN309, 2003).

^8^Never reported on lychee or longan (AFFA, 2003).

^9^Pest of citrus with no evidence of association with longan or lychee
(AFFA, 2004).

^10^The stink bug is an active insect with relatively large size (CABI,
2003); it is unlikely to remain with longan after processing.

^11^Large active adults which feed on the fruit (CABI, 2003); unlikely
to remain on the fruit after processing.

^12^References show only mango as a host (Scalenet, 2003) ; no
indication that *Dimocarpus longan* (longan) is a host for *Idioscopus
clypealis* (Scalnet, 2003 ; AFFA, 2004).

^13^Sooty mold fungi generally are considered minor leaf pathogens that
grow superficially on plant tissue (Agrios, 1997). *Capnodium ramosum*
(Cooke) and *Meliola euphoriae* are quarantine pests because they are
not present in the United States. It is unlikely that this fungi will
follow the pathway because fruit is surfaced disinfested as part of the
bacterial control measures, and fungi are likely to be washed off during
these packing house procedures.

^14^*Geotrichum candidum* -- fungus is associated with postharvest and
storage (CABI, 2003).

**Table B4:** Quarantine Pests Likely to Follow the Pathway on
*Dimocarpus longan*

+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Arthropods**                   | **Lepidoptera**                   |
|                                  |                                   |
| [Diptera]{.underline}            | [Gracillariidae]{.underline}      |
|                                  |                                   |
| [Tephritidae]{.underline}        | *Conopomorpha sinensis* (Bradley) |
|                                  |                                   |
| *Bactrocera dorsalis* (Hendel)   | [Torticidae]{.underline}          |
|                                  |                                   |
| *Bactrocera correcta* (Bezzi)    | *Cryptophlebia ombrodelta*        |
|                                  | (Lower)                           |
| [                                |                                   |
| Hemiptera/Homoptera]{.underline} | [Lycaenidae]{.underline}          |
|                                  |                                   |
| [Coccidae]{.underline}           | *Deudorix epijarbas* (Moore)      |
|                                  |                                   |
| *Ceroplastes rubens* (Maskell)   |                                   |
|                                  |                                   |
| *Drepanococcus chiton* (Williams |                                   |
| and                              |                                   |
|                                  |                                   |
| Watson)                          |                                   |
|                                  |                                   |
| [Pseudococcidae]{.underline}     |                                   |
|                                  |                                   |
| *Dysmicoccus neobrevipes*        |                                   |
| (Beardsley)                      |                                   |
|                                  |                                   |
| *Maconellicoccus hirsutus*       |                                   |
| (Green)                          |                                   |
|                                  |                                   |
| *Planococcus lilacinus*          |                                   |
| (Cockerell)                      |                                   |
|                                  |                                   |
| *Planococcus minor* (Maskell)    |                                   |
+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

**C. Pest List for *Mangifera indica* (mango)**

**Table C1:** Weed Potential of *Mangifera indica* (mango) from Thailand

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Commodity:** *Mangifera indica* (mango)                             |
|                                                                       |
| **Phase 1:** *Mangifera indica* is produced in the United States.     |
|                                                                       |
| **Phase 2**. Is the genus or specie or subspecies or variety listed   |
| as a weed in:                                                         |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Geographical Atlas of World Weeds (Holm *et al.*,    |
| 1979) or World                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution (Holm *et al*., 1997).      |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} World\'s Worst Weeds (Holm *et al*., 1977).          |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Report of the Technical Committee to Evaluate        |
| Noxious Weeds, Exotic                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| Weeds for Federal Noxious Weed (Gunn and Ritchie, 1982).              |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Economically Important Foreign Weeds (Reed, 1977).   |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Weed Science Society of America list (WSSA, 1989).   |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Is there any literature reference indicating         |
| weediness (e.g., AGRICOLA,                                            |
|                                                                       |
| CAB, Biological Abstracts, AGRIS; search on \"species name\" combined |
|                                                                       |
| with \"weed\")?                                                       |
|                                                                       |
| **Phase 3:** Conclusion: *Mangifera indica* is not listed as a weed   |
| in any of the above references and therefore is not a significant     |
| risk. Mango is cultivated in commercial and private orchards in parts |
| of California, Florida, Hawaii and Texas.                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Table C2:** Summary of Pest Interceptions on *Mangifera Indica*
(mango) (1985-2003).

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Pest**                **Year of Interception  **Locations of
                          (Number of              Interception**
                          Interceptions**         
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
  *Agromyzidae,* species  1999(1)                 Baggage
  of                                              

  *Aleurocanthus* sp.     1994(1)                 Baggage

  *Aleyrodidae,* species  1994(1)                 Baggage
  of                                              

  *Aonidiella comperei*   1996(1)                 Baggage

  *Aphididae,* species of 1989(1)                 Baggage

  *Aulacaspis murrayae*   1991(1)                 Baggage

  *Aulacaspis             2002(2), 2001(6),       Baggage, Permit cargo,
  tubercularis*           2000(3), 1999(6),       
                          1998(2), 1997(8),       
                          1996(8), 1995(9),       
                          1994(15), 1993(26),     
                          1992(40), 1991(32),     
                          1990(20), 1989(28),     
                          1988(19), 1986(9),      
                          1985(12)                

  *Bactrocera dorsalis*   2000(1)                 Baggage

  *Bactrocera* sp.        2003(2), 2002(5),       Baggage
                          2001(5), 2000(1),       
                          1999(6), 1998(4),       
                          1997(4), 1996(2),       
                          1995(9), 1994(10),      
                          1993(4), 1993(4),       
                          1992(6), 1991(3).       
                          1989(4)                 

  *Carposinidae*, species 1985(1)                 Baggage
  of                                              

  *Cataenococcus          1993(1), 1991(1)        Baggage
  hispidus*                                       

  *Cladosporium* sp.      1989(1)                 Baggage

  *Coccidae*, species of  1995(1), 1993(1),       Baggage
                          1989(6), 1988(1)        

  *Coccus* sp.            1992(1)                 Baggage

  *Crambidae,* species of 1994(1)                 Baggage

  *Cryptophlebia* sp.     2002(1)                 Mail

  *Curculionidae, species 2001(1), 1990(4)        Baggage
  of*                                             

  *Dacus* sp.             1990(2), 1989(1),       Baggage
                          188(6), 1987(12),       
                          1986(5), 1985(2),       
                          1984(6)                 

  *Diaspididae, species   2000(1), 1991(1),       Baggage
  of*                     1986(1)                 

  *Dysmicoccus            1997(1), 1995(1),       Baggage
  neobrevipes*            1993(1)                 

  *Dysmicoccus* sp.       2001(1), 2000(1)        Baggage

  *Eurytoma* sp.          1988(1)                 Permit cargo

  *Hendecasis             1990(1)                 Baggage
  duplifascialis*                                 

  *Imperata cylindrical*  1995(1)                 Baggage

  *Lepidosaphes tapleyi*  1994(1), 1988(1)        General Cargo, Baggage

  *Lindigaspisis* sp.     1995(1)                 Baggage

  *Octaspidiotus* sp.     1998(1)                 Baggage

  *Pestalotiopsis* sp.    1991(1)                 Permit cargo

  *Phomopsis* sp.         2000(4)                 Permit cargo

  *Planococcus lilacinus* 1995(1), 1996(1)        Baggage

  *Pseudaonidia           (2000(4), 1999(2),      Baggage, General cargo,
  trilobitiformis*        1998(3), 1997(2),       permit cargo
                          1996(1), 1995(4),       
                          1993(4), 1992(4),       
                          1991(7), 1990(5),       
                          1989(3), 1988(3),       
                          1986(1), 1984(1)        

  *Pseudococcidae,*       2002(3), 2001(1),       Permit cargo, Baggage,
  species of              2000(1), 1999(1),       Mail
                          1997(2), 1994(3),       
                          1993(1), 1992(4),       
                          1991(1), 1986(1994(3),  
                          1993(1), 1992(4),       
                          1991(1), 1986(1),       
                          1984(1)                 

  *Pseudococcus* sp.      1994(20                 Baggage

  *Pyralidae, species of* 1999(1), 1998(1),       Baggage, Mail
                          1989(2)                 

  *Pyraustinae, species   1999(1), 1998(1),       Baggage
  of*                     1989(2)                 

  *Septoria* sp.          1989 (1)                Baggage

  *Solanum torvum*        1994(10                 Baggage

  *Sternochetus           2001(1), 2001(2),       Baggage
  mangiferae*             2000(1), 1997(1),       
                          1993(2), 1992(3),       
                          1991(4), 1990,(1),      
                          1989(12), 1988(9),      
                          1986(5), 1985(1),       
                          1984(1),                

  *Sternochetus olivieri* 2002(2), 2001(3),       Baggage, Mail
                          2000(3), 1999(3),       
                          1998(4), 1997(3),       
                          1995(4), 1992(1),       
                          1991(2), 1990(1),       
                          1989(15), 1988(7),      
                          1987(5), 1984(2),       

  *Sternochetus* sp.      2003(1), 2001(1),       Baggage
                          2000(1), 2001(1),       
                          1999(5), 1998(3),       
                          1997(4), 1996(1),       
                          1995(1), 1994(2),       
                          1993(1), 1992(1),       
                          1991(1), 1990(5),       
                          1989(1), 1988(3),       
                          1987(3), 1986(1),       
                          1985(3), 1984(1)        

  *Tephritidae*, species  1999(1), 1997(1),       Baggage, General cargo
  of                      1990(2), 1989(2),       
                          1987(2), 1985(1)        

  *Vinsonia stellifera*   1993(1), 1988(1)        Baggage
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**Table C3:** Pests in Thailand Associated with Mango (*Mangifera
indica*).

+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Pest**          | ### Geog | **    | ###    | ###   | ###        |
|                   | raphical | Plant | Quaran |  Like | References |
|                   |  Distrib | Part  | tine P | ly to |            |
|                   | ution^1^ | Aff   | est^3^ |  Foll |            |
|                   |          | ected |        | ow Pa |            |
|                   |          | ^2^** |        | thway |            |
+===================+==========+=======+========+=======+============+
| > **ARTHROPODS**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **ACARI**       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Eriophyidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cisaberoptus   | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > kenyae* Keifer  |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eriophyes      | > TH, US | > Bu  | > No   | > No  | THDOA,     |
| > mangiferae*     | > (FL)   |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| > (Sayed) (=      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > *Aceria         |          |       |        |       |            |
| > mangiferae*)    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Spinacus       | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
| > pagonis* Keifer |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Tenuipalpidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Brevipalpus    | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > phoenicis*      |          | > L,  |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Geijskes)      |          | > Sh  |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Tarsonemidae**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Po             | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| lyphagotarsonemus |          | > Sh  |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > latus* (Banks)  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Tetranychidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eutetranychus  | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > orientalis*     |          |       |        |       | > 2002 ;   |
| > Klein           |          |       |        |       | > Kapoor   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > *et      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > al*.,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1997     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Oligonychus    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > biharensis*     |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > (Hirst)         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Oligonychus    | > TH, US | > L   | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > coffeae*        | > (FL)   |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Nietner)       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Oligonychus    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > mangiferus*     |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Rahman and     |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Sapra)          |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tetranychus    | > TH, US | > L   | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > cinnabarinus*   | > (CA,   |       |        |       | > 2002;    |
| > Boisduval       | > HI,    |       |        |       | > Patel    |
|                   | > TX)    |       |        |       | > *et      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > al*.,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1997     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tetranychus    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > fijiensis*      |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Hirst           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tetranychus    | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > neocaledonicus* |          | > L   |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > André           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tetranychus    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > taiwanicus*     |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Ehara           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tetranychus    | > TH, US | > L   | > No   | >     | > THDOA,   |
| > urticae*        |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2004a.   |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Koch            |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Tuckerellidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tuckerella     | > TH     | > S,  | > Yes  | > No  | > Baker    |
| > knorri*         |          | > L   |        |       | > and      |
| >                 |          |       |        |       | > Tuttle,  |
| > Baker & Tuttle  |          |       |        |       | > 1975;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **INSECTA**     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Coleoptera**    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Anthribidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ## Androc         | > TH     | > Br  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| eras stratus Jord |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| #                 | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| # Araecerus fasci |          | > R,  |        | ^4,8^ | > 2002;    |
| culatus (De Geer) |          | > S,  |        |       | > Grout    |
|                   |          | > Sd  |        |       | > *et      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > al*.,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2001     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Attelabidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ## Deporaus ma    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| rginatus (Pascoe) |          |       |        |       | > 2003;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > NZNPPO,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1999     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Bostrichidae**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Sinoxylon      | > TH     | > Br, | > Yes  | >     | > APHIS,   |
| > anale* Lesne    |          | > S   |        | No^4^ | > 2003a;   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Sinoxylon      | > TH, US | > S   | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > conigerum*      |          |       |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
| > Gerstaecker     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Buprestidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| #                 | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | >     | > NZNPPO,  |
| # Belionota aenea |          |       |        | No^5^ | > 1999;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > Bílý,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1999.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ## Belionota      | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
|  prasina Thunberg |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Cerambycidae**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Batocera       | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > octomaculata*   |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
| > L.              |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Batocera       | TH       | > S   | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > rubus* (L.)     |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Batocera       | TH, US   | > S   | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > rufomaculata*   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > De Geer         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Coptops        | TH       | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > aedificator*    |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
| > (Fabricius)     |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Golsinda       | TH       | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > corallina*      |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
| > Thomas          |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ## Olenecam       | TH       | > S   | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| ptus bilobus (F.) |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Olenecamptus   | TH       | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > Hill,    |
| > optatus* Pascoe |          |       |        |       | > 1983;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Pterolophia    | TH       | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > NZNPPO,  |
| > melantura*      |          |       |        | ^4,7^ | > 1999;    |
| > Newman          |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Plocaederus    | TH       | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > fulvicornis*    |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Guerin          |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Plocaederus    | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > ruficornis*     |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Newman)        |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (= *Plocaederus |          |       |        |       |            |
| > fulvicornis*    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[              |          |       |        |       |            |
| Guerin-Meneville) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Plocaederus    | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA    |
| > pedestris*      |          |       |        |       | > *Drepra  |
| > White           |          |       |        |       | nococcus*, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Rhytidodera    | TH       | > S   | > Yes  | >     | > THDOA,   |
| > simulans* White |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Curculionidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ## Ap             | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| oderus notatus F. |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| (= *A. crenatus*  |          |       |        |       |            |
| Jekel)            |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ## Deporaus ma    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| rginatus (Pascoe) |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hypomeces      | TH       | > L,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > squamosus*      |          | > R   |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > (F.**)**        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ## P              | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| latytrachelus pav |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| iei (Aurivillius) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ##                | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
|  Rhynchaenus flav |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| irostris Marshall |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Sternochetus   | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > frigidus* (F.)  |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ## Sternochetu    | > TH,    | > Sd  | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| s mangiferae (F.) | > US(HI) |       |        |  Yes^ | > 2003;    |
|                   |          |       |        | 5,13^ | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Sternochetus   | > TH     | > Sd  | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > olivieri* (F.)  |          |       |        |       | > 2004a;   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > int      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | erception. |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Sternochetus*  | > TH     | > Sd  | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       | > int      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | erception. |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Nitidulidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Carpophilus    | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > APHIS,   |
| > dimidiatus*     |          | > S   |        | No^4^ | > 2003a;   |
| > Fabricius       |          |       |        |       | > CABI     |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Scarabaeidae**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Anomala        | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > cupripes* Hope  |          |       |        |       | > 2002;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > Yunus    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > and Ho,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1980     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Lepidiota      | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > stigma* (F.)    |          | > R   |        | No^5^ | > 2003;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > Yunus    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > and Ho,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1980     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Scolytidae**    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Euwallacea       | > TH,    | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > APHIS    |
| fornicatus*       | > US(HI) |       |        |       | > 2003a;   |
| (Eichhoff)        |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (= *Xyleborus   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > fornicatus*     |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Eichhoff        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Xyleborus      | > TH,    | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > APHIS,   |
| > perforans*      | > US(HI) |       |        |       | > 2003a;   |
| > (Wollaston) =   |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
| > *Xyleborus      |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > kraatzi*        |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Eichhoff        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Xylosandrus    | > TH, US | > S   | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > compactus*      |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Eichhoff)      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Silvanidae**    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Oryzaephilus   | > TH, US | > Sd  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > mercator*       |          |       |        | No^8^ | > 2003     |
| > (Fauvel)        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Diptera**       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Cecidomyiidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dasyneura      | > TH, US | > F,  | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOA,   |
| > mangiferae*     | > (HI)   | > I   |        | o^23^ | > 2004a.   |
| > (Felt)          |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Erosomyia        | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > No  | > APHIS,   |
| mangiferae* Felt  |          | > L,  |        | ^5,6^ | > 2003(b); |
| =*Erosomyia       |          | > I   |        |       | > CABI,    |
| indica* Grover &  |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| Prasad,           |          |       |        |       |            |
| *Procontarinia*   |          |       |        |       |            |
| Felt              |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Drosophilidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Drosophila     | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > melanogaster*   |          |       |        | ^4,9^ | > 2002;    |
| > Meigen          |          |       |        |       | > Shetty   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > *et      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > al*.,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1989     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Muscidae**      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Atherigona     | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > orientalis*     |          | > L,  |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| > Schiner         |          | > R,  |        |       |            |
|                   |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Tephritidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera     | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > carambolae*     |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > Drew & Hancock  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera     | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > correcta*       |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Bezzi)         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera     | > TH, US | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > cucurbitae      | > (HI)   |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > Coquillett*     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera     | TH, US   | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > dorsalis*       | (HI)     |       |        |       | > 2004a;   |
| > (Hendel)        |          |       |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera     | TH, US   | > F   | > Yes  | > N   | > CABI,    |
| > latifrons*      | (HI)     |       |        | o^18^ | > 2003;    |
| > (Hendel)        |          |       |        |       | > Yunus    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > and Ho,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1980     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera     | TH       | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > papayae* Drew & |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > Hancock         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera*    | TH       | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera     | TH       | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > tuberculata*    |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Bezzi)         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Bactrocera     | TH       | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > zonata*         |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Saunders)      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dacus* sp.     | TH       | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order:        |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Heteroptera**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Coreidae**      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Leptocorisa    | TH       | > I,  | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > acuta* Thunberg |          | > L,  |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
|                   |          | > Sd  |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Miridae**       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Helopeltis     | TH       | > F,  | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > theivora*       |          | > I,  |        | No^4^ | > 2002;    |
| > Waterhouse      |          | > L,  |        |       | > Mir,     |
|                   |          | > S   |        |       | > 1990     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Hemiptera       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (Homoptera)**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Aleyrodidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aleurodicus    | TH       | > L   | > Yes  | >     | > APHIS,   |
| > destructor*     |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003a;   |
| > Mackie          |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aleurodicus    | TH, US   | > L   | > \    | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > dispersus*      | (FL, HI) |       | [Yes\] |       | > 2003     |
| > Russell         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aleurocanthus* | TH       | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aleurocanthus  | TH, US   | > L,S | > \    | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > woglumi* Ashby  | (FL, HI, |       | [Yes\] |       | > 2003     |
|                   | TX)      |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Aphididae**     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aphis          | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > craccivora*     |          | > Sh  |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Koch            |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aphis          | > TH, US | > I,  | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > gossypii*       |          | > L,  |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Glover          |          | > Sh  |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aphis          | > TH, US | > I,  | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > spiraecola*     |          | > L,  |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Patch           |          | > Sh  |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Toxoptera      | TH, US   | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > aurantii*       | (CA, FL, | > I,  |        | No^6^ | > 2003     |
| > (Boyer de       | MS)      | > L,  |        |       |            |
| > Fonscolombe)    |          | > Sh  |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Toxoptera      | TH, US   | > I,  | > No   | > No  | > APHIS,   |
| > citricida*      | (FL,HI)  | > L,  |        |       | > 2003a;   |
| > (Kirkaldy)      |          | > S   |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Toxoptera      | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > odinae* (Van    |          | > S   |        |       | > 2002;    |
| > der Goot)       |          |       |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       | Hill,1983; |
|                   |          |       |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Cicadellidae**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Amrasca        | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > splendens*      |          | > L   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Ghauri)        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Idioscopus     | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > chumphoni*      |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Hongsaprug      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Idioscopus     | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > clavosignatus*  |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Maldonado       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Idioscopus     | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > clypealis*      |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Lethierry)     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Idioscopus     | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > nagpurensis*    |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Pruthi)        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Idioscopus     | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > niveosparsus*   |          | > L   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Lethierry)     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Mangganeura    | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > reticulata*     |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Ghauri          |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Smita robusta* | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > Dworakoska      |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Coccidae**      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ceroplastes    | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > ceriferus* (F.) |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ceroplastes    | > TH, US | > F,  | > \    | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > rubens* Maskell | > (FL,   | > L,  | [Yes\] |       | > 2004a    |
|                   | > HI)    | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ##                | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | >     | USDA,      |
| ###### *Coccus fo |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | 2003;      |
| rmicarii* (Green) |          |       |        |       | APHIS,     |
|                   |          |       |        |       | 2003b      |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Coccus         | > TH, US | > L,S | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > hesperidum*     |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Linnaeus        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ##                | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | >     | > THDOA,   |
| ###### *Coccus lo |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > 2004a.   |
| ngulus* (Douglas) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ####              | > TH     | > F   | > No   | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| #### *Coccus* sp. |          |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ######## *Coccus  | > TH, US | > Br, | > \    | > Yes | > CABI,    |
|  viridis* (Green) | > (FL,   | > F,  | [Yes\] |       | > 2003     |
|                   | > HI)    | > L   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Drepanococcus  | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > chiton* (Green) |          | > S   |        |       | > 2004a    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Eucalymnatus     | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | >     | > THDOA,   |
| tessellatus*      |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > 2004a.   |
| (Signoret)        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| #######           | > TH     | > Br, | > Yes  | > No^ | > USDA     |
| # *Megalocryptes  |          | > L   |        | 5,10^ | > 2003;    |
| buteae* Takahashi |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ####              | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | >     | > USDA     |
| #### *Megapulvina |          |       |        |  Yes^ | > 2003     |
| ria maxima* Green |          |       |        | 5,10^ |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Milviscutulus    | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | >     | >          |
| mangiferae*       | > (FL,   | > S   |        | No^5^ |  Scalenet. |
| (Green)           | > HI,    |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
|                   | > TX)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ######            | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| ## *Parasaissetia |          | > L,  |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
|  nigra* (Nietner) |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ######            | > TH, US | > L   | > No   | >     | > USDA     |
| ## *Prococcus acu | > (FL,   |       |        | No^5^ | > 2003;    |
| tissimus* (Green) | > HI,    |       |        |       |            |
|                   | > TX)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ##                | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| ###### *Pulvinari |          | > L,  |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
| a psidii* Maskell |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ###               | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| ##### *Saissetia  |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
| coffeae* (Walker) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ########          | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| *Saissetia hemisp |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
| haerica* (Walker) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ##                | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| ###### *Saissetia |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
|  oleae* (Olivier) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Vinsonia       | > TH, US | > Br, | > \    | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > stellifera*     | > (AL,   | > L   | [Yes\] |       | > 2004a;   |
| > (Westwood)      | > FL,    |       |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                   | > GA,    |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   | > HI)    |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Diaspididae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ######            | > TH, US | > L,S | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| ## *Aonidomytilus | > (FL,   |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003;    |
|  albus* Cockerell | > NM)    |       |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       |  Scalenet, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| #######           | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| # *Aonidiella aur | > (AZ,   | > L,  |        |       | > 2003     |
| antii* (Maskell)  | > CA,    | > S   |        |       |            |
|                   | > FL,    |       |        |       |            |
|                   | > TX)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| #####             | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| ### *Aonidiella i | > (TX)   |       |        |       | > int      |
| nornata* McKinzie |          |       |        |       | erception; |
|                   |          |       |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       |  Scalenet, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ######## *Aon     | > TH     | > Br, | > Yes  | > No^ | > PPQ      |
| idiella comperei* |          | > L,  |        | 5,20^ | > int      |
|                   |          | > Sh  |        |       | erception. |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ########          | > TH, US | >     | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| *Aonidiella orien |          |  F,L, |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| talis* (Newstead) |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| #######           | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| # *Aspidiotus des |          | > L,  |        |       | > 2004a    |
| tructor* Signoret |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aulacaspis     | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > No^ | > PPQ      |
| > murrayae*       |          | > L   |        | 5,21^ | > int      |
| > Arthur          |          |       |        |       | erception. |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aulacaspis     | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | >     | > THDOA,   |
| > rosae* (Bouché) |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aulacaspis     | > TH, US | > F,  | > \    | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > tubercularis*   | > (FL)   | > L   | [Yes\] |       | > 2004a;   |
| > Newstead        |          |       |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > int      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | erception. |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ########          | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | >     | > USDA     |
|  *Aulacaspis viti |          |       |        | No^5^ | > 2003;    |
| s* (Green) =(*Phe |          |       |        |       | > Ozak*i   |
| nacapsis vitis, C |          |       |        |       | > et       |
| hronaspis vitis*) |          |       |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       |  a**l.***, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1999     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| #####             | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | >     | > USDA,    |
| ### *Aulacaspis y |          |       |        | No^5^ | > 2003;    |
| asumatsui* Takagi |          |       |        |       | > Nakao,   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > *et      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > al*.,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1977.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Chrysomphalus  | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > aonidum* (L.)   |          | > L,  |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
|                   |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Chrysomphalus  | > TH, US | > Br, | > No   | > Yes | CABI, 2003 |
| > dictyospermi*   |          | > F,  |        |       |            |
| > (Morgan)        |          | > L   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Genaparlatoria | > TH, US | > L   | > No   | > No  | > Gentry,  |
| >                 | > (CO,   |       |        |       | > 1965;    |
|  pseudaspidiotus* | > FL,    |       |        |       | > USDA,    |
| > (Lindinger)     | > HI,    |       |        |       | > 2003     |
|                   | > TN)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Hemiberlesia   | > TH, US | > Br, | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > lataniae*       |          | > F,  |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
| > (Signoret)      |          | > L   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Lepidosaphes   | > TH, US | > Br, | > No   | >     | > USDA,    |
| > beckii*         |          | > F,  |        | No^5^ | > 2003;    |
| > (Newman)        |          | > L   |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Lepidosaphes   | > TH, US | > Br, | > No   | >     | > USDA,    |
| > gloverii*       |          | > F,  |        | No^5^ | > 2003;    |
| > (Packard)       |          | > L   |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Lepidosaphes   | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | >     | > PPQ      |
| > tapleyi*        |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > int      |
| >                 |          |       |        |       | erception; |
| > Williams        |          |       |        |       | > USDA,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| >                 | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > No^ | > USDA,    |
|  *Microparlatoria |          |       |        | 5,10^ | > 2003     |
| > fici* Takahashi |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Octaspidiotus* | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Parlatoria     | > TH,US  | > R,  | > \    | > No^ | > THDOA,   |
| > cinerea* Doane  | > (DC,   | > S   | [Yes\] | 5,10^ | > 2004a.   |
| > & Hadden        | > MD)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Parlatoria     | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | >     | > USDA,    |
| > citri* McKenzie | > (CA)   |       |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Parlatoria     | > TH,US  | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > USDA,    |
| > pergandii*      |          | > L,  |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > Comstock        |          | > I,  |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          | > S   |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Parlatoria     | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > No^ | > Davidson |
| > proteus*        |          | > L,  |        | 5,10^ | > and      |
| > (Curtis)        |          | > S   |        |       | > Miller,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1990;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > USDA,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Parlatoria     | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | >     | > USDA,    |
| >                 |          |       |        |  Yes^ | > 2003     |
|  pseudaspidiotus* |          |       |        | 5,10^ |            |
| > Lindinger       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Pinnaspis      | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > Davidson |
| > aspidistrae*    |          | > L,  |        | No^5^ | > and      |
| > (Signoret)      |          | > S   |        |       | > Miller,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1990;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > USDA,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Pinnaspis      | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > strachani*      |          | > L,  |        | No^5^ | > 2002;    |
| > (Cooley)        |          | > S   |        |       | > USDA,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Pseudaonidia   | > TH, US | > F,  | > \    | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| >                 | > (FL)   | > L   | [Yes\] |       | > int      |
|  trilobitiformis* |          |       |        |       | erception; |
| > (Green)         |          |       |        |       | > USDA,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| >                 | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | USDA,      |
|  *Pseudaulacaspis |          | > L,  |        | No^5^ | 2003:      |
| > cockerelli*     |          | > S   |        |       | CABI,      |
| > (Cooley)        |          |       |        |       | 2003.      |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Unaspis        | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | >     | > Morton,  |
| > acuminata*      |          |       |        | No^5^ | > 1987 ;   |
| > (Green)         |          |       |        |       | > USDA,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Unaspis        | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No^ | > USDA,    |
| > rousseti*       |          |       |        | 5,10^ | > 2003.    |
| > Balachowsky     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Kerriidae**     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Kerria greeni* | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | >     | > USDA,    |
| > (Chamberlin)    |          |       |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Kerria lacca*  | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > Lakra    |
| > Varshney        |          |       |        |       | > and      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > Kher,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1990;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       |  Scalenet, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Lophopidae**    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Pyrilla        | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | >     | > THDOA,   |
| > perpusilla*     |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > 2004a.   |
| > Walker          |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Margarodidae**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Icerya         | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > aegyptiaca*     |          | > S   |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
| > Douglas         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Icerya         | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > purchasi*       |          | > S   |        |       | > 2003     |
| > Maskell         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Icerya         | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > seychellarum*   |          | > S   |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > (Westwood)      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Pentatomidae**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Nezara         | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > viridula*       |          | > I,  |        | No^6^ | > 2003;    |
| > Linnaeus        |          | > L,  |        |       | > NZNPPO,  |
|                   |          | > S   |        |       | > 1998.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|  Pseudococcidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cataenococcus  | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > No^ | > PPQ      |
| > hispidus*       |          |       |        | 4,24^ | > int      |
| > Morrison        |          |       |        |       | erception; |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > USDA,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dysmicoccus    | > TH, US | > F,  | > \    | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > neobrevipes*    | > (FL,   | > L,  | [Yes\] |       | > 2004a;   |
| > Beardsley       | > HI)    | > S   |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > Int      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | erception. |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dysmicoccus*   | > TH     | > F   | > No   | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ferrisia       | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > virgata*        |          | > L,  |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > (Cockerell)     |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| >                 | > TH, US | > F,  | > \    | > Ye  | > CABI,    |
|  *Maconellicoccus | > (CA,   | > L,  | [Yes\] | s^19^ | > 2003     |
| > hirsutus*       | > FL,    | > S   |        |       |            |
| > (Green)         | > HI)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Nipaecoccus    | > TH, US | > Br, | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > nipae*          | > (CA,   | > F,  |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
| > (Maskell)       | > FL,    | > L   |        |       |            |
|                   | > HI,    |       |        |       |            |
|                   | > LA)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Nipaecoccus    | > TH, US | > F,  | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > viridis*        | > (HI)   | > L,S |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Newstead)      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Planococcus    | > TH, US | > Br, | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > citri* (Risso)  |          | > F,  |        |       | > 2004a    |
|                   |          | > I,  |        |       |            |
|                   |          | > L,  |        |       |            |
|                   |          | > R,  |        |       |            |
|                   |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Planococcus    | > TH     | > Br, | > Yes  | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > lilacinus*      |          | > F,  |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > (Cockerell)     |          | > L,  |        |       | > PPQ      |
|                   |          | > R,  |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          | > S   |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Planococcus    | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > Yes | >          |
| > minor*          |          | > I,  |        |       |  Scalenet, |
| > (Maskell)       |          | > S   |        |       | > 2003;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > THDOA,   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2004a;   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Pseudococcus   | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > jackbeardsleyi* | > (FL,   | > L,  |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| > Gimpel and      | > HI,    | > S   |        |       |            |
| > Miller          | > TX)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Pseudococcus*  | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| > sp.             |          | > L   |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Rastrococcus   | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > invadens*       |          | > S   |        |       | > 2003     |
| > Williams        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Rastrococcus   | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > spinosus*       |          | > L,  |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Robinson)      |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order:        |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Hymenoptera**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Eurytomidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eurytoma* sp.  | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > int      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | erception. |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Isoptera**      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| Rhinotermitidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Coptotermes    | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > curvignathus*   |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2002;    |
| > Holmgren        |          |       |        |       | > Yunus    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > and Ho,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1980     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Coptotermes    | > TH, US | > S,  | > No   | >     | > THDOA,   |
| > formosanus*     |          | > R   |        | No^4^ | > 2004a;   |
| > Shiraka         |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Termitidae**    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Microtermes    | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > obesi* Holmgren |          |       |        |       | > 2002     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Lepidoptera**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|  Gracillariidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Acrocercops    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > syngramma*      |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2002     |
| > Meyrick         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Limacodidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Setora nitens* | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > Walker          |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2002;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > Yunus    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > and Ho,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1980     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Parasa lepida* | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > (Cramer)        |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Lymantriidae**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Calliteara     | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > horsfieldii*    |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Saunders        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Euproctis      | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOA,   |
| > fraterna* Moore |          | > I,  |        | o^16^ | > 2004a    |
|                   |          | > L,  |        |       |            |
|                   |          | > S   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Euproctis      | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOa,   |
| > scintillans*    |          | > I,  |        | o^16^ | > 2004a    |
| > (Walker)        |          | > L   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Lymantria      | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > marginata*      |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > (Walker)        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Orgyia postica | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOA,   |
| > =( O.           |          | > L   |        | o^17^ | > 2004a    |
| > australis)*     |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (Walker)        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Orgyia         | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > turbata* Butler |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Noctuidae**     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Achaea janata* | > TH, US | > F,  | > Yes  | > No^ | > CABI,    |
| > (Linnaeus)      | > (HI)   | > I,  |        | 4,14^ | > 2003;    |
|                   |          | > L   |        |       | > APHIS,   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003a    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Chlumetia      | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > transversa*     |          | > L,  |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Walker          |          | > Sh  |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eublemma       | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > abrupta*        |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > (Walker)        |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (=*Autoba       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > abrupta*)       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eublemma       | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > versicolora*    |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Walker          |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (=*Autoba       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > versicolora*)   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eudocima       | > TH, US | > F   | > Yes  | > N   | > CABI,    |
| > fullonia*       | > (HI)   |       |        | o^15^ | > 2003;    |
| > (Clerck) =(     |          |       |        |       | > Hill,    |
| > *Othreis        |          |       |        |       | > 1983;    |
| > fullonia*)      |          |       |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Eudocima       | > TH, US | > F   | > Yes  | > N   | > CABI,    |
| > salaminia*      | > (HI)   |       |        | o^5,1 | > 2002;    |
| > (Cramer)        |          |       |        | 2,15^ | > Waite,   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2002     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Helicoverpa    | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > N   | > CABI,    |
| > armigera*       |          | > I,  |        | o^11^ | > 2002;    |
| > =(Heliothis     |          | > L,  |        |       | > Hill,    |
| > armigera)       |          | > S,  |        |       | > 1983;    |
| > (Hübner)        |          | > Sd  |        |       | >          |
| > =(*Eudocima     |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
| > materna*,       |          |       |        |       | > 1991;    |
| > Linnaeus)       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Penicillaria   | > TH, US | > I,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > jocosatrix*     | > (HI)   | > L,  |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Guenée          |          | > Sh  |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Nymphalidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Euthalia       | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > aconthea        |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > garuda* (Moore) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family        |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|  : Metarbelidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Indarbela      | > TH     | > Bk  | > Yes  | > No  | > Hill,    |
| > phaga* Swinhoe  |          |       |        |       | > 1983;    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Pyralidae**     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cadra          | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > cautella*       |          |       |        | No^5^ | > 2003;    |
| > Walker          |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cryptoblabes   | > TH, US | > F,  | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > gnidiella*      | > (HI,   | > L,  |        | No^4^ | > 2003;    |
| > Millière        | > NY)    | > S   |        |       | > McQuate  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > *et      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > al.,*    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2000     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Deanolis       | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOA,   |
| > albizonalis     |          | > Sd  |        | o^22^ | > 2004a.   |
| > (*Hampson)      |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (= *Noorda      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > albizonalis*    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Hampson)        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Orthaga        | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > icarusalis*     |          | > L   |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Walker)        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Orthaga        | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > exvinacea*      |          | > L   |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
| > Hampson         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Scirpophaga    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > excerptalis*    |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| > Walker          |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Spectrotropha  | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > sordidalis*     |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
| > Hamps           |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Saturniidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Attacus atlas* | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > (L.)            |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cricula        | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > trifenestrata*  |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| > (Helfer)        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Tortricidae**   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Archips        | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | >     | > THDOA,   |
| > micaceana*      |          | > I,  |        | No^6^ | > 2004a.   |
| > (Walker)        |          | > L   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cnesteboda     | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > celligera*      |          | > L   |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > (Meyrick)       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cryptophlebia* | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | > PPQ      |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       | > int      |
|                   |          |       |        |       | erception. |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dudua          | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > aprobola*       |          | > L   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > (Meyrick)       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Homona         | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > cofferia*       |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > Nietner         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order:        |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Orthoptera**    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family:       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Acrididae**     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Valanga        | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > nigricornis*    |          |       |        |       | > 2002;    |
| > (Burmeister)    |          |       |        |       | > Yunus    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > and Ho,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1980     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Order :       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Thysanoptera**  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|  Aeolothripidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aeolothrips*   | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| Phlaeothripidae** |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Haplothrips*   | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.             |          | > L   |        |       | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Family :      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Thripidae**     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Astrothrips*   | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ernothrips     | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | > No  | >          |
| > lobatus* Bhatti |          | > Sh  |        |       |  Wongsiri, |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Frankliniella* | > TH     | > I   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > sp*.*           |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Heliothrips    | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| >                 |          | > L   |        | No^5^ | > 2002     |
|  haemorrhoidalis* |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Bouché          |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Megalurothrips | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > N   | >          |
| > typicus*        |          | > I,  |        | o^11^ |  Wongsiri, |
| > Bagnall         |          | > L,  |        |       | > 1991     |
|                   |          | > Sh  |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Megalurothrips | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| > distalis*       |          | > L   |        | No^5^ | > 2003     |
| > (Karny)         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| >                 | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | >     | > CABI,    |
| *Rhipiphorothrips |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| > cruentatus*     |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Hood            |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Scirtothrips   | > TH, US | > Br, | > Yes  | >     | > THDOA,   |
| > dorsalis* Hood  | > (HI)   | > L   |        | No^5^ | > 2004a    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Scirtothrips   | > TH     | > I,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > oligochaetus*   |          | > L   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Karny           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Selenothrips   | > TH, US | > L   | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > rubrocinctus*   | > (FL,   |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Giard           | > HI)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Thrips         | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | > N   | > THDOA,   |
| > coloratus*      |          | > I   |        | o^11^ | > 2004a    |
| > Schmutz         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Thrips         | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Ye  | > THDOA,   |
| > hawaiiensis*    |          | > I,  |        | s^11^ | > 2004a    |
| > Morgan          |          | > L   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Thrips palmi*  | > TH, US | > F,  | > \    | > N   | > CABI,    |
| > Karny           | > (CA,   | > I   | [Yes\] | o^11^ | > 2003     |
|                   | > FL,    |       |        |       |            |
|                   | > HI,    |       |        |       |            |
|                   | > TX)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Thrips tabaci* | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > Lindeman        |          | > I,  |        |       | > 2004a    |
|                   |          | > L   |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **Algae**       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cephaleuros    | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > virescence*     |          | > S   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Kunze           |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| #                 |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **BACTERIA**    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Erwinia        | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | >          |
| > carotovora*     |          |       |        |       |  Bradbury, |
| > subsp.          |          |       |        |       | > 1986;    |
| > *carotovora*    |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
| > (Jones) Bergey  |          |       |        |       | > 2002     |
| > *et al.*,       |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Gam           |          |       |        |       |            |
| maproteobacteria: |          |       |        |       |            |
| > E               |          |       |        |       |            |
| nterobacterials\] |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ##                | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | >     | > Anon.,   |
| # Pseudomonas sol |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 1998;    |
| anacearum (Smith) |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Pseudomonas    | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
|  syringae* pv. *s |          | > Br, |        |       | > 2004a;   |
| yringae* van Hall |          | > S   |        |       | >          |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
| \[Gam             |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| maproteobacteria: |          |       |        |       |            |
| Pseudomonadals\]  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Xanthomonas    | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > No^ | > THDOA,   |
| > campestris* pv. |          | > L   |        | 5,25^ | > 2004a    |
| > *m              |          |       |        |       |            |
| angiferaeindicae* |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (Patel,monic &  |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Kulkani) Robbs, |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Riburo & Kimura |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > = *Pseudomonas  |          |       |        |       |            |
| > m               |          |       |        |       |            |
| angiferaeindicae* |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Petel           |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Gam           |          |       |        |       |            |
| maproteobacteria: |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| Xanthomonadales\] |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **FUNGI**       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Alternaria     | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | CABI,      |
| > alternata*      |          | > L   |        |       | 2003;      |
| > (Fr.) Keissler  |          |       |        |       | Ploetz *et |
| >                 |          |       |        |       | al*.,      |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       | 1994;      |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       | Prusky *et |
|                   |          |       |        |       | al*.,1983  |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aspergillus    | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | Manoch,    |
| > fumigatus*      |          |       |        |       | *et al*.,  |
| > Fresen.         |          |       |        |       | 1999;      |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       | APHIS,     |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       | 2003b      |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Aspergillus      | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | THDOA,     |
| niger* Van Tiegh  | > (AZ,   |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| \[Mitosporic      | > FL,    |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           | > GA,    |       |        |       |            |
|                   | > NC,    |       |        |       |            |
|                   | > TX)    |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Aspergillus    | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | >     | APHIS,     |
| > nidulans*       |          |       |        | No^4^ | 2003b;     |
| > (Eidam) Wint.   |          |       |        |       | Manabe,    |
| >                 |          |       |        |       | *et al*.,  |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       | 1978.      |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Aspergillus      | TH, US   | F, L, | No     | No^4^ | APHIS,     |
| terreus* Thom &   |          | S     |        |       | 2003b;     |
| Church            |          |       |        |       | Tha        |
|                   |          |       |        |       | mlikitkul, |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       | *et al*.,  |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       | 1983       |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| #                 | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | >     | > THDOA,   |
| ## Botrytis ciner |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2004a    |
| ea *Pers.ex Fr. = |          |       |        |       |            |
| * Botryotinia fuc |          |       |        |       |            |
| keliana *de Bary* |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Botryosphaeria | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | THDOA,     |
| > ribis* Grossenb |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| > & Duggar.       |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Ascomycetes:  |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Dothideales\]   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Ca            | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| pnodium mangifera |          | > I   |        |       | > 2004a;   |
| e *Cke. & Brown*  |          | > L,  |        |       |            |
|                   |          | > Sd  |        |       |            |
| > \[Ascomycetes:  |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Dothideales\]   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Cerat         | > TH, US | > R,  | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| ocystis fimbriata | > (CA,   | > S   |        |       | > 2003     |
|                   | > FL,    |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic      | > HI)    |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Ceratocy      | > THA,   | > R,  | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| stis paradoxa *(D | > US     | > S   |        |       | > 2002     |
| ade)* = C. Moreau | > (CA,   |       |        |       |            |
|                   | > FL,    |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic      | > HI)    |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Cercospora     | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
| > mangiferae*     |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| > Koord.          |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *               | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | THDOA,     |
| Cladosporium* sp. |          |       |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *C              | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | APHIS,     |
| ladosporium clado |          | > L   |        | No^4^ | 2003b;     |
| sporioides* (Fres |          |       |        |       | THDOA,     |
| en.) De Vries \[M |          |       |        |       | 2004a.     |
| itosporic Fungi\] |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Colletotrichum | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > acutatum*       |          | > L,  |        |       | > 2003     |
| > Simmonds ex     |          | > S   |        |       |            |
| > Simmonds        |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Colletotrichum | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| >                 |          | > L   |        |       | > 2004a    |
|  gloeosporioides* |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Penz            |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[*Glomerella   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > cingulat*a      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (Stoneman)      |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Spauld & H.     |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Schrenk\]       |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Corticium       | > TH, US | > R,  | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > rolfsii *Curzi  |          | > S   |        |       | > 2003     |
| > =*Sclerotium    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > rolfsii *Sacc.* |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > *               |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Basidiomycetes: |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Stereales\]*    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Corticium      | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > salmonicolor*   | > (FL,   | > S   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Berk. & Br.     | > LA,    |       |        |       |            |
| > Syn;            | > MS)    |       |        |       |            |
| > *Erythricium    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > salmonicolor*   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (Berk. & Br.)   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Burds.          |          |       |        |       |            |
| > *Pellicularia   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > salmonicolor*   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (Berk. & Br.)   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Dustur.         |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Basidiomycetes: |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Stereales\]     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Corynespora     | > TH,    | > L,  | > No   | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| > cassiicola      | > USA    | > F   |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > *(Berk &        | > (FL,   |       |        |       | > SBML,    |
| > Curtis) Weir*   | > LA,    |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| >                 | > MN,    |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    | > ND)    |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Curvularia      | > TH, US | > L   | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > lunata          |          |       |        |       | > 2002;    |
| > *(Wakker)       |          |       |        |       | > SBML,    |
| > Boedjin*        |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Dothiorella    | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | THDOA,     |
| > dominicana*     |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| > Petr. & Cif.    |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Dothiorella     | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
| > mangifera       |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| > *Syd.*          |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Fomes lignosus  | > TH, US | > R,S | > No   | >     | > SBML,    |
| > = (Rigidoporus  |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003;    |
| > microporus      |          |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
| > *(Fr.)          |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > Overeem*)       |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > *\              |          |       |        |       |            |
| [Basidioimycetes: |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Poriales\]*     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Fusarium        | > TH, US | >     | > No   | >     | > SBML,    |
| > moniliforme     |          |  F,I, |        | No^4^ | > 2003;    |
| > *Sheldon        |          | L,R,S |        |       | > CABI,    |
| > =*(Gibberella   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > fujikuroi       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > *(Swanda) S.    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > I               |          |       |        |       |            |
| to\[telemorph\])* |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### F             | > TH, US | > R,  | > No   | >     | >          |
| usarium oxysporum |          | > S   |        | No^4^ |  CABI,2002 |
|  *Schlechtendahl* |          |       |        |       | > ; SBML   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Fusarium       | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| > pallidoroseum*  |          | > I,  |        | No^4^ | > 2003;    |
| > (Cooke) Sacc. = |          | > L,  |        |       | > SBML,    |
| > *F. semitectum* |          | > Sd  |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > Berk. & Rav.    |          |       |        |       | > Manoch,  |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       | > 1999.    |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| ###               |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Fusarium      | > TH, US | > R,  | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| solani *(Martius) |          | > S   |        |       | > 2002;    |
|  Sacc*. = Nectria |          |       |        |       | > SBML     |
|  haematococca *(W |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| ollenw.) Gerlach* |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Fusarium         | > TH, US | > I   | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| subglutinans*     |          |       |        |       | > 2003;    |
| (Wollen. &        |          |       |        |       | > SBML     |
| Reinking)         |          |       |        |       | > 2003;    |
| Nirenberg         |          |       |        |       | > Manoch,  |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > *et      |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       | > al*.,    |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       | > 1999     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Ganoderma      | > TH, US | > R,  | > No   | > No  | > SBML,    |
| > applantum*      | > (NY,   | > S   |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > (Per.) Pat.     | > VI)    |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
| >                 |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|  \[Basisiomycetes |          |       |        |       |            |
| > :               |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|  Ganodermatales\] |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Geotrichum     | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > candidum* Link  |          |       |        |       | > 2004a.   |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Gloeosporium    | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| > mangifera *P.   |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Henn.           |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|  =*Colletotrichum |          |       |        |       |            |
| > coccodes        |          |       |        |       |            |
| > *(Wallr.)       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Hughes*         |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Graphium* sp.  | > TH     | > L,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| >                 |          | > S   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Gyrothrix      | > TH, US | > R,  | > No   | > No  | > SBML,    |
| > podosperma*     |          | > S   |        |       | > 2003     |
| > (Corda.)        |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Rabenh.         |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Lasiodiplodia  | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | THDOA,     |
| > theobromae*     |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| > (Pat.)          |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Griffiths &     |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Maubl.          |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Macrophoma     | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | > No  | Anon.,     |
| > musae* (Cooke)  |          |       |        |       | 1998;      |
| > Berl. et Vogl.  |          |       |        |       | CABI,      |
| >                 |          |       |        |       | 2003.      |
| > \[Ascomycetes:  |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Dothideales\]   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Macrophomina    | > TH, US | > R,  | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| > phaseolina      |          | > S   |        |       | > 2002;    |
| > *(Tassi)*       |          |       |        |       | > ICRISAT, |
| > *Goidanich*     |          |       |        |       | > 1982     |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Marasmiellus    | > TH, US | > L,  | > No   | >     | > SBML,    |
| > scandens        | >        | > R   |        | No^4^ | > 2003;    |
| > *(Masee) Denis  |  (VA,WA) |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
| > & D.A. Reed*    |          |       |        |       | > 2003.    |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > *\[Basidiiomyce |          |       |        |       |            |
| tes:Agaricales\]* |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Meliola        | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
| > mangiferae*     |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| > Earle           |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Ascomycetes : |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Meliolales\]    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Micronectriella | > TH, US | > L,R | > No   | >     | > SBML,    |
| > nivalis         | >        |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003;    |
| >                 |  (VA,WA) |       |        |       | > CABI,    |
| > *\[Ascomycetes: |          |       |        |       | > 2003;    |
| > Dothideales\]*  |          |       |        |       | > Ohata,   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > 1972     |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Nattrassia     | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | THDOA,     |
| > mangiferae*     | > (AZ,   |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| > (Syd & P. Syd)  | > CA,    |       |        |       |            |
| > Sutton & Dyko = | > HI,    |       |        |       |            |
| > *Dothiorella    | > WI,    |       |        |       |            |
| > mangiferae* Syd | > WV)    |       |        |       |            |
| > & P. Syd.       |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| #                 | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | THDOA,     |
|  *Nigrospora* sp. |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Nigrospora       | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | SBML, 2003 |
| sphaerica*        | > (TX)   |       |        |       |            |
| (Sacc.) Mason =   |          |       |        |       |            |
| *Khuskia oryzae*  |          |       |        |       |            |
| Huds.             |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Oidium man    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
| giferae *Berthet* |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Pestalotia*    | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Pestalotio    | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| psis mangiferae * |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| (Henn.) Steyaert* |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Pes           | > TH     | > S   | > Yes  | > No  | > PPQ      |
| talotiopsis *sp.* |          |       |        |       | > in       |
|                   |          |       |        |       | terception |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Pestalo       | > TH     | >     | > Yes  | >     | > SBML,    |
| tiopsis guepinii  |          |  Soil |        | No^4^ | > 2003;    |
| *(Henn) Steyaert* |          |       |        |       | > Niyom,   |
|                   |          |       |        |       | > *et      |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       | > al*.,    |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       | > 1999.    |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Pha           | > TH,US  | > L,S | > No   | > No  | > CABI     |
| nerochaete salmon |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| eolutea *=(*corti |          |       |        |       |            |
| cium salmonicolor |          |       |        |       |            |
| *) Berk & Broome* |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Basidiomycetes: |          |       |        |       |            |
| Stereales\]       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Phomopsis* sp. | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | THDOA,     |
|                   |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Phomopsis      | > TH     | > F   | > Yes  | > Yes | Sangchote, |
| > mangiferae*     |          |       |        |       | 1987       |
| > Ahmad.          |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Phy           | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| llosticta mortoni |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Pythium       | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
|  vexans *de Bary* |          |       |        | > ^4^ | > 2004a    |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Oomycetes:      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Pythiales\]       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ##                | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| # Phytophthora ci |          | L,S,R |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| trophthora *(Sm.  |          |       |        |       |            |
| & Sm.)* *Leonian* |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Oomycetes:      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Pythiales\]       |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Phytop        | > TH     | > R,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| hthora mangiferae |          | > S   |        |       | > 2004a    |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Oomycetes :   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Pythiales\]     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Phytopht      | > TH,US  | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| hora nicotianae * |          | L,R,S |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| (Brenda de Haan)* |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Oomycetes :   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Pythiales\]     |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *P              | > TH, US | > L   | > No   | > No  | CABI,      |
| seudocochliobolus |          |       |        |       | 2003;      |
| > pallescences*   |          |       |        |       | SBML, 2003 |
| > Tsuda & Ueyama  |          |       |        |       |            |
| > = *Curvularia   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > pallescens*     |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Boedijn         |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Ascomycetes:  |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Dothideales\]   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Rhizo         | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| ctonia solani *Kh |          |       |        |       | > 2003;    |
| un*. *(Telemorph) |          |       |        |       | > SBML,    |
|  Syn. =* Corticiu |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| m solani *(Pril.  |          |       |        |       |            |
| & Del.) Bou. & Ga |          |       |        |       |            |
| l.;* Pellicularia |          |       |        |       |            |
|  filamentosa *(Pa |          |       |        |       |            |
| t.) Rogers;* Than |          |       |        |       |            |
| atephorus cucumer |          |       |        |       |            |
| is *(Frank) Donk* |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitospric       |          |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Rhizopus a    | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | > SBML,    |
| rrhizus *Fischer* | > (WY)   |       |        |       | > 2003 ;   |
|  = R. oryzae *Wen |          |       |        |       | > Soytong, |
| t and Geerlings*  |          |       |        |       | > 1991     |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| ### *\[Zygomycet  |          |       |        |       |            |
| es : Mucorales\]* |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Rigidoporus    | > TH     | > R   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > lignosus* Syn.  |          |       |        | > ^4^ | > 2004a    |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Basidiomycetes: |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Poriales\]      |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Rigi          | > TH, US | > R,S | > No   | > No  | > CABI,    |
| doporus microporu |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| s *(Fr.) Overeem* |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Basidiomycetes: |          |       |        |       |            |
| Poriales\]        |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Schizophyl    | TH, US   | L, S  | No     | >     | SBML, 2002 |
| lum commune *Fr.* |          |       |        | No^4^ |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Basidiomycetes: |          |       |        |       |            |
| Schizophyllales\] |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > Sclerotium      | > TH     | > R,  | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > delphinil       |          | > S   |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > *\[*Athelia     |          |       |        |       |            |
| > rolfsii var.    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Delphinil       |          |       |        |       |            |
| > *(Curz.i) Tu &  |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Kimbrough*      |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Sphaceloma    | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| fawcettii =(Elsin |          | > I,  |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| oë fawcettii) *Br |          | > L,  |        |       |            |
| intac. & Jenkins* |          | > S   |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Sphaceloma m  | > TH, US | > F,  | > No   | > Yes | > THDOA,   |
| angiferae *Cook*  | > (FL,   | > L   |        |       | > 2004a    |
|                   | > HI)    |       |        |       |            |
| ### *             |          |       |        |       |            |
| Syn.* = Denticula |          |       |        |       |            |
| ria mangiferae; E |          |       |        |       |            |
| lsinoe mangiferae |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Stemphylium   | > TH, US | > F   | > No   | > Yes | > CABI,    |
| vesicarium *(Wall | > (CA,   |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| r.) E.G. Simmons* | > NY,    |       |        |       |            |
|                   | > WA)    |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Toxosporium*   | > TH     | > L   | > Yes  | > No  | THDOA,     |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       | 2004a      |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Tripospermum*  | > TH     | > F,  | > Yes  | >     | THDOA,     |
| > sp*.*           |          | > L   |        | No^4^ | 2004a      |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > \[Mitosporic    |          |       |        |       |            |
| > Fungi\]         |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| ### Ver           | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | >     | > THDOA,   |
| ticillium dahliae | > (FL)   |       |        | No^4^ | > 2004a    |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic      |          |       |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]           |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > **NEMATODE**    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Heli           | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| cotylenchus dihys |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| tera* (Cobb) Sher |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (Hoplolaimidae) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Helicoty       | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| lenchus pseudorob |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| ustus* (Steiner 1 |          |       |        |       |            |
| 914) Golden, 1956 |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (Hoplolaimidae) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *He             | > TH, US | > R   | > \    | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| micriconemoides m |          |       | [Yes\] |       | > 2004a    |
| angifera* Siddiqi |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| (Criconematidae)  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Helicot        | > TH, US | > R   | > \    | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| ylenchus multicin |          |       | [Yes\] |       | > 2004a    |
| ctus* (Cobb) Sher |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Hoplolaimidae\] |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Hoplolai       | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| mus indicus* Sher |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| (Hoplolaimidae)   |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Hoplolaimu     | > TH     | > R   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| s seinhorsti* Luc |          |       |        |       | > 2002     |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| #                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|   (Hoplolaimidae) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Macroposthonia   | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| onoensis* (Luc)   |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| Luc & Raski       |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| [Criconematidae\] |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Meloidogyne    | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > incognita*      |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| > Chitwood        |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|  (Meloidogynidae) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Pratylen       | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| chus zeae* Graham |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| (Pratylenchidae)  |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Rotylenchulus* | > TH     | > R   | > Yes  | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > sp.             |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| > (Hoplolaimidae) |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Scutellone     | > TH     | > R   | > Yes  | > No  | > CABI,    |
| ma clathricaudatu |          |       |        |       | > 2003     |
| m* Whitehead 1959 |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Hoplolaimidae\] |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| # *Ty             | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | >     | > CABI,    |
| lenchulus semipen |          |       |        | No^4^ | > 2003     |
| etrans* Cobb 1913 |          |       |        |       |            |
|                   |          |       |        |       |            |
| \[Anguinidae\]    |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+
| > *Xiphinema      | > TH, US | > R   | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,   |
| > insigne* Loos   |          |       |        |       | > 2004a    |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
| >                 |          |       |        |       |            |
|  \[Longidoridae\] |          |       |        |       |            |
+-------------------+----------+-------+--------+-------+------------+

^1^ Distribution (Specific states are listed only if distribution is
limited.) AL=Alabama; AZ=Arizona; CA =California; CO=Colorado;
CT=Connecticut; DC=District of Columbia; FL =Florida; GA= Georgia;
HI=Hawaii; LA=Louisiana; MD=Maryland; MN=Minnesota; MS=Mississippi;
NC=North Carolina; ND=North Dakota; NY=New York; OR=Oregon;
PA=Pennsylvania; TN=Tennessee; TX=Texas; VI=Virginia; WA=Washington;
WI=Washington; WV=West Virginia; WY =Wyoming

^2^ Plant Parts: Bk = Bark; Br = Branch; Bu = Bud; F = Fruit; I =
Inflorescence; L = Leaf; R = Root; S =Stem; Sd = Seed; Sh = Shoot

^3^ These are pests and pathogens that do not meet the FAO/IPPC
definition of a quarantine pest because they are in the U.S. and are not
under official control (as defined by FAO). According to the National
Identification Services, these organisms are to be treated as reportable
and actionable in PIN-309 as quarantine pests. These pests are in
brackets,\[\], and referenced as footnote 3.

^4^ Extensive survey data show that this pest exists in Thailand, but
there is no evidence that it attacks mango or that mango is a host
(THDOA, 2004c).

^5^ Extensive survey data show that this pest does not exist in Thailand
(THDOA, 2004d).

^6^ This species is considered unlikely to follow the pathway because it
infests only young fruit (THDOA, 2004e).

^7^ *Pterolophia* sp. are plant feeders (based on information of the
family Cerambycidae), mostly feeding as larvae on timber or woody
material of trees and shrubs, including twigs, stems and roots (CABI,
2003).

^8^ This species has been reported as a stored product pest (CABI,
2003).

^9^ The species is typically found in damaged or rotting fruits (CABI,
2003).

^10^ The species is listed in Scalenet (USDA, 2003). However, no further
details can be accessed.

^11^This species is reported as a pest of young fruit (CABI, 2003).

^12^ The species will attack by sucking juice on ripening fruit (THDOA,
2004a).

^13^There are two distict species of the mango seed weevil, *S.
olivieri* (Fabricius) and *S. mangiferae* (Faust) which are not easily
distinguishable (Zimmermann, 1989). Both species are allegedly found in
Thailand (THDOA, 2004a; CABI, 2003; PIN309, 2003.). According to the
THDOA, the species infrequently found is *S. olivieri*, but both species
have been intercepted multiple times from Thailand (PIN309, 2003) as
well as the literature shows distribution for *S. mangiferae* in
Thailand (CABI, 2003). In 1998-99, THDOA conducted extensive surveys to
determine the presence or absence of the mango seed weevil (Krairiksh,
*et. al*., 2002; Appendix B), and the only species found was *S.
oliveri*; there was no evidence to suggest the presence of *S.
mangiferae* (Krairksh, *et al*., 2002). In another survey, plant
protection specialists from THDOA and Kasetsart University confirmed the
distribution of *S. mangiferae* in Thailand (Waterhouser, 1993).
However, for quarantine purposes, there is no difference in the biology
or treatment of the two species (Heather, 1999). The interceptions for
*S. mangiferae* could be attributed, in part, to the difficulties for
differentiating between the two very similar species (Zimmermann, 1989;
THDOA, 2004d).

^14^The only stage of *Achae janata* (Butani, 1993) that attacks the
fruit is the mobile adult and minimal processing of the commodity would
likely remove the pest prior to shipment.

^15^ Only the highly mobile adults of *Eudocima fullonia, E. maternal,
E. salaminia* and *E. tyrannus* attack the fruit

(CABI, 2003; Herbison-Evans and Crossley, 2003; Waite, 2002), and
minimal processing removes these pests

prior to shipment.

^16^Only the highly mobile mature adult feeds on the fruit; these are
large active pests and minimal processing of the commodity would likely
remove them prior to shipment (THDOA, 2004a).

*^17^Orgyia australis* is considered unlikely to follow the pathway
because the species feeds externally on mango fruit (Gupta and Singh,
1986); also attacked fruits are generally rendered unfit for market
(CABI, 2003; Fasih, 1989).

^18^Hosts for *B. latifrons* are Solanaceae (*Solanum* spp.) and
occasionally cucurbits (Messing, 1999). No records for Anacardiaceae
(*Mangifera indica*) (CABI, 2003; Vargas, 1985).

^19^ Although survey data from Thailand Department of Agriculture show
that mango there is no evidence for *M. hirsutus* attacking mango
(THDOA, 2004c) ; the literature shows distribution in Thailand and mango
as host (Scalenet, 2003 ; CABI, 2003). Between 1985 and 2003 there were
19 worldwide interceptions *M. hirsutus* of on mango, none from
Thailand.

^20^*Aonidiella comperei* occurs on leaves and twigs and larger branches
(Scalenet, 2003) ; no evidence that *A. comperei* occurs on fruit or
that mango is a host (Scalenet, 2003).

^21^Hosts for *Aulacaspis murrayae* is limited to Rutaceae (*Murrya
exotica* and *Murraya paniculata*) (Scalenet, 2003); its distribution is
also limited to Taiwan (Scalenet, 2003).

^22^As *D. albizonalis* larvae feed within the mango, the damaged area
softens and collapses. A common sign of damage by *D. albizonalis* is
the bursting at the fruit apex and the longitudinal cracking of the
fruit as it nears maturity (THDOA, 2004a). Because of the destructive
and obvious nature of fruit injury, it is very unlikely that any
infested fruit would be packed out for export.

^23^*Dasyneura mangifera* attacks flowers, young fruit and causes
immature fruit drop; adults may feed on fruit which are visible to naked
eye and removed with postharvest washing (THDOA, 2004e).

^24^Although *C. hispidus* has been intercepted on *M. indica* from
Thailand and other mango growing areas (total of 3 worldwide), there is
no evidence that mango is a true host (Scalenet, 2003; CABI, 2003;
THDOA, 2003c).

*^25^X. camprestris* pv. *mangiferaeindicae,* is listed in a Thai
reference Visarathanonth, 1999. The original source was an English text
and translated into Thai. Although listed for teaching purposes in the
Thai text book, it is not an actual pest in Thailand (THDOA, 2004a).

**Table C4:** Quarantine pests likely to follow the pathway on
*Mangifera indica* (mango) from Thailand.

+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Coleoptera                          | Hemiptera/Homoptera            |
|                                     |                                |
| [Curculionidae]{.underline}         | [Coccidae]{.underline}         |
|                                     |                                |
| *Sternochetus frigidus* (Fabricius) | *Cereoplastes rubens*          |
|                                     | (Maskell)                      |
| *Sternochetus mangiferae*           |                                |
| (Fabricius)                         | *Coccus viridis* (Green)       |
|                                     |                                |
| *Sternochetus olivieri* (Faust)     | [Diaspididae]{.underline}      |
|                                     |                                |
| Diptera                             | *Aulacaspis tubercularis*      |
|                                     | (Newstead)                     |
| [Tephritidae]{.underline}           |                                |
|                                     | *Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis* |
| *Bactrocera carambolae* (Drew and   | (Green)                        |
| Hancock)                            |                                |
|                                     | [Pseudococcidae]{.underline}   |
| *Bactrocera correcta* (Bezzi)       |                                |
|                                     | *Dysmicoccus neobrevipes*      |
| *Bactrocera cucurbitae*             | (Beardsley)                    |
| (Coquillett)                        |                                |
|                                     | *Maconellicoccus hirsutus*     |
| *Bactrocera dorsalis* (Hendel)      | (Green)                        |
|                                     |                                |
| *Bactrocera papayae* (Drew and      | *Nipaecoccus viridis*          |
| Hancock)                            | (Newstead)                     |
|                                     |                                |
| *Bactrocera tuberculata* (Bezzi)    | *Planococcus lilacinus*        |
|                                     | (Cockerell)                    |
| *Bactrocera zonata* (Saunders)      |                                |
|                                     | *Planacoccus minor* (Maskell)  |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | *Rastrococcus spinosus*        |
|                                     | (Robinson)                     |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Fungi                          |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | *Phomopsis mangiferae* (Ahmad) |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+

**Table C5:** Past decisions by APHIS regarding mango imports into the
United States from Oceania^1^

  ------- ------------- -------- --------------------------------------------
  Year    Country       Action   Reason for action

  1993    Malaysia      Denied   due to the presence of *Sternochetus
                                 mangiferae, S. frigidus, Bactrocera
                                 cucurbitae, B. dorsalis, B. frauenfeldi*,
                                 and *B. tau*; no approved treatment.

  1992    Australia     Denied   due to the presence of *Sternochetus
                                 mangiferae*, no approved treatment.

  1988    Philippines   Denied   due to the presence of *Sternochetus
                                 mangiferae*, no approved treatment.

  1982    Australia     Denied   due to the presence of *Cryptorhynchus
                                 mangiferae*(=*Sternochetus mangiferae*) and
                                 *Dacus* spp., no approved treatment.

  1935    New Zealand   Denied   due to the presence of *Sternochetus
                                 mangiferae*, no approved treatment.
  ------- ------------- -------- --------------------------------------------

^1^(APHIS, 2003a)

**D. Pest List for *Garcinia mangostana* (Mangosteen)**

**Table D1.** Weed Potential of *Garcinia mangostana* (mangosteen)

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Commodity:** *Garcinia mangostana* (mangosteen)                     |
|                                                                       |
| **Phase 1:** *Garcinia mangostana* is in limited production in        |
| Hawaii.                                                               |
|                                                                       |
| **Phase 2**. Is the genus or specie or subspecies or variety listed   |
| as a weed in:                                                         |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Geographical Atlas of World Weeds (Holm *et al.*,    |
| 1979) or World                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution (Holm *et al*., 1997).      |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} World\'s Worst Weeds (Holm *et al*., 1997).          |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Report of the Technical Committee to Evaluate        |
| Noxious Weeds, Exotic                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| Weeds for Federal Noxious Weed (Gunn and Ritchie, 1982).              |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Economically Important Foreign Weeds (Reed, 1977).   |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Weed Science Society of America List (WSSA, 2003).   |
|                                                                       |
| [Yes]{.underline} Is there any literature reference indicating        |
| weediness (e.g., AGRICOLA,                                            |
|                                                                       |
| CAB, Biological Abstracts, AGRIS; search on \"species name\" combined |
|                                                                       |
| with \"weed\")?                                                       |
|                                                                       |
| *Garcinia mangostana* is listed by Randall (2003) as a weed of the    |
| following statuses: *naturalized*, *introduced*, and indicating       |
| minimal weed potential. However, the species is present in Hawaii and |
| Puerto Rico, where it is of value as a tree crop, and there is no     |
| indication that it constitutes a pest of any economic or ecological   |
| significance there. Mangosteen is a plant of the humid tropics;       |
| traditional growing areas are mostly within 10° of the equator, but   |
| orchards in Australia (Queensland), Madagascar, Honduras, and Brazil  |
| indicate that the potential range of the plant extends to 18°         |
| latitude in warm, frost-free areas (CABI, 2002). Its ability to       |
| naturalize and establish permanent populations in the continental     |
| United States thus is doubtful. Importation of fresh mangosteen       |
| should not increase risks of spreading this plant beyond its present  |
| range in the United States. A pest-initiated risk assessment for the  |
| species therefore is not necessary.                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Table D2:** PPQ Interceptions of *Garcinia mangostana* from Thailand
(1985-2003).

+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| **Pest**              | **Year of             | **Location of         |
|                       | Intercetpion**        | Interception**        |
|                       |                       |                       |
|                       | **(Number of          |                       |
|                       | Interceptions)**      |                       |
+=======================+=======================+=======================+
| *Asterolecanium* sp.  | 1986(1)               | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Cataenococcus,* sp.  | 2003(1)               | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Cataenococcus        | 1999(1), 1997(3),     | Baggage, mail         |
| hispidus*             | 1989                  |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Coccidae,* species   | 2002(2),1999, 1996,   | Baggage, general      |
| of                    | 1995, 1993, 1989,1985 | cargo                 |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Coccus* sp.          | 2002(1)               | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Coleoptera* species  | 2002(1)               | Baggage               |
| of                    |                       |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Crematogaster* sp.   | 2002, 1995            | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Diaspididae* sp.     | 2001(1)               | Quarters              |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Drepanococcus* sp.   | 1993(1)               | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Dysmicoccus          | 2002(2), 2000(3),     | Baggage               |
| neobrevipes*          | 2001, 1999, 1998(4),  |                       |
|                       | 1997, 1995, 1994(3)   |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Dysmicoccus* sp.     | 2001, 1999, 1996,     | Baggage, permit cargo |
|                       | 1995(2), 1994(3),     |                       |
|                       | 1991                  |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Formicoccus* sp.     | 1999                  | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Gracillariidae,*     | 1994                  | Baggage               |
| species of            |                       |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Helicarion* sp.      | 1999                  | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Hymenoptera,*        | 1985                  | Baggage               |
| species of            |                       |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Insecta,* species of | 2002                  | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Maconellicoccus      | 2003                  | Baggage               |
| multipori*            |                       |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Margarodidae,*       | 2002, 2000, 1995,     | Baggage               |
| species of            | 1990, 1985,           |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Ortheziidae,*        | 2002                  | Baggage               |
| species of            |                       |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Paracoccus* sp.      | 2001, 1999(2)         | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Planococcus          | 2003, 2002. 2001,     | Baggage               |
| lilacinus*            | 1999, 1998,(2),       |                       |
|                       | 1995(2), 1994(2),     |                       |
|                       | 1990(2), 1989         |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Phenacoccus          | 2002(1)               | Baggage               |
| nephelii*             |                       |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Planococcus minor*   | 2003, 2002(2),        | Baggage, storage      |
|                       | 2001(2), 2000(2),     |                       |
|                       | 1998(2), 1997(2),     |                       |
|                       | 1996, 1995(3), 1994,  |                       |
|                       | 1993, 1992, 1990      |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Planococcus* sp.     | 2002, 2001,(2), 1999, | Baggage, mail,        |
|                       | 1997, 1995(2),        | storage               |
|                       | 1994(5), 1992         |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Pseudaonidia         | 1995(3), 1994, 1990,  | Baggage, mail,        |
| tribitiformis*        | 1987                  | general               |
|                       |                       |                       |
|                       |                       | cargo                 |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Pseudococcidae*      | 2003(3),              | Baggage, mail,        |
| species of            | 2002(5),2001,         | general cargo, permit |
|                       | 2000(3), 1999(5),     | cargo, quarters       |
|                       | 1998(7), 1997(7),     |                       |
|                       | 1996                  |                       |
|                       | (5),1995(10),1994(4), |                       |
|                       | 1993(7), 1992(8),     |                       |
|                       | 1991(2), 1990(4),     |                       |
|                       | 1989(2), 1988(2),     |                       |
|                       | 1987(4), 1986, 1985   |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Pseudococcus         | 1992, 1991, 1988(2)   | Baggage               |
| citriculus*           |                       |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Pseudococcus         | 2003(4), 2002(2),     | Baggage               |
| cryptus*              | 2001, 2000(2),        |                       |
|                       | 1999(2), 1998(2),     |                       |
|                       | 1996, 1995            |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Pseudococcus* sp.    | 2003, 2001,           | Baggage, quarters     |
|                       | 1998(2),1997, 1996,   |                       |
|                       | 1995(3), 1994(2),     |                       |
|                       | 1992, 1987(2), 1985   |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Tarsonemus* sp.      | 1985                  | Baggage               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| *Thripidae,* species  | 1985(3), 1995         | Baggage               |
| of                    |                       |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+

**Table D3:** Pests in Thailand Associated with Mangosteen (*Garcinia
mangostana*).

+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Pest**        | **Geogr | **    | **     | **L   | **References** |
|                 | aphic** | Plant | Quaran | ikely |                |
|                 |         | P     | tine** | to    |                |
|                 | **Dis   | art** |        | F     |                |
|                 | tributi |       | **Pes  | ollow |                |
|                 | on^1^** | **Aff | t^3^** | Path  |                |
|                 |         | ected |        | way** |                |
|                 |         | ^2^** |        |       |                |
+=================+=========+=======+========+=======+================+
| **ARTHROPODS**  |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **ACARI**       |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *               |         |       |        |       |                |
| *Tarsonemidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| > *Poly         | > TH,   | > L   | > No   | > No  | > THDOA,       |
| phagotarsonemus | > US    |       |        |       | > 2004a.       |
| > latus*(Banks) |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Tarsonemus*    | TH      | F     | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ            |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **              |         |       |        |       |                |
| Tenuipalpidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Brevipalpus    | TH, US  | F, L, | No     | Yes   | AFFA,          |
| californicus*   |         | S     |        |       | 2003/2004;     |
| (Banks)         |         |       |        |       | CABI, 2003     |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **              |         |       |        |       |                |
| Tetranychidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Oligonychus    | TH, US  | L     | No     | No    | CABI, 2002;    |
| coffeae*        | (FL,    |       |        |       | Nishida, 2002; |
| (Nietner)       | HI)     |       |        |       | Wongsiri, 1991 |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Tetranychus    | TH, US  | L     | No     | No    | AFFA, 2004;    |
| urticae* Koch   |         |       |        |       | CABI, 2002     |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **COLEOPTERA**  |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Nitidulidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Carpophilus    | TH, US  | F, L, | No     | No^4^ | CABI, 2002;    |
| dimidiatus*     |         | Sd    |        |       | Yunus & Ho,    |
| (F.)            |         |       |        |       | 1980           |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Scolytidae**  |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Hypothenemus   | TH      | F, I, | Yes    | No    | CABI, 2002;    |
| hampei*         |         | Sd    |        | ^4,6^ | Yunus and Ho,  |
| (Ferrari) (=    |         |       |        |       | 1980           |
| *Cryphalus*     |         |       |        |       |                |
| *hampei*        |         |       |        |       |                |
| Ferrari)        |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **DIPTERA**     |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **              |         |       |        |       |                |
| Drosophilidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Drosophila     | TH      | F     | Yes    | No^7^ | Lin & Chang,   |
| albomicans*     |         |       |        |       | 1991; Yunus &  |
| Duda            |         |       |        |       | Ho, 1980       |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Drosophila     | TH, US  | F     | No     | No^7^ | CABI, 2002;    |
| melanogaster*   |         |       |        |       | Yunus and Ho,  |
| Meigen (= *D*.  |         |       |        |       | 1980           |
| *ampelophila*   |         |       |        |       |                |
| Loew)           |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Tephritidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Bactrocera     | TH      | F     | Yes    | Y     | CABI, 2002     |
| carambolae*     |         |       |        | es^8^ |                |
| Drew & Hancock  |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Bactrocera     | TH, US  | F     | Yes    | Y     | Burikam, *et   |
| dorsalis*       | (HI)    |       |        | es^8^ | al*., 1992;    |
| (Hendel)        |         |       |        |       | CABI, 2002     |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Bactrocera     | TH      | F     | Yes    | Y     | CABI, 2002     |
| papayae* Drew & |         |       |        | es^8^ |                |
| Hancock         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **HOMOPTERA**   |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Aphididae**   |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Greenidea* sp. | TH      | L, S  | Yes    | No    | Wongsiri, 1991 |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Toxoptera      | TH, US  | I, L, | No     | No    | CABI, 2002;    |
| aurantii*       |         | S     |        |       | Yunus and Ho,  |
| (Boyer de       |         |       |        |       | 1980           |
| Fonscolombe)    |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Ast           |         |       |        |       |                |
| erolecaniidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *               | TH      | F     | Yes    | No^5^ | PPQ            |
| Asterolecanium* |         |       |        |       | interception   |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Coccidae**    |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Coccus* sp.    | TH      | F     | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ            |
|                 |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Coccus         | TH      | F     | Yes    | No^4^ | Ben-Dov, 1993; |
| formicarii*     |         |       |        |       | PPQ            |
| (Green)         |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Coccus         | TH, US  | F, L, | \      | Yes   | CABI, 2003;    |
| viridis*        | (FL,    | S     | [Yes\] |       | PPQ            |
| (Green)         | HI)     |       |        |       | interception;  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Scalenet,      |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 2003;          |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Waterhouse,    |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 1993.          |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Drepanococcus* | TH      | F     | Yes    | No^4^ | PPQ            |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Pulvinaria     | TH, US  | F, L, | No     | No^5^ | CABI, 2002;    |
| psidii* Maskell |         | S     |        |       | USDA, 2003     |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Vinsonia       | TH, US  | L, S  | \      | No^4^ | Ben-Dov, 1993; |
| stellifera*     | (AL,    |       | [Yes\] |       | Hamon and      |
| (Westwood)      | FL, GA, |       |        |       | Williams,      |
|                 | HI)     |       |        |       | 1984;          |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Kosztarab,     |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 1997; Nishida, |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 2002; Williams |
|                 |         |       |        |       | & Watson, 1990 |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Delphacidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Nilaparvata    | TH      | F, L, | Yes    | No    | CABI, 2002;    |
| lugens* Stål    |         | S     |        | ^4,9^ | PPQ            |
|                 |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Diaspididae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Aspididotus    | TH, US  | F, L, | No     | Yes   | CABI, 2003;    |
| destructor*     | (CA,    | S     |        |       | Dekle, 1965.   |
| Signoret        | FL, HI) |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Aulacaspis     | TH, US  | F, L, | \      | N     | CABI, 2002;    |
| tubercularis*   |         | S     | [Yes\] | o^17^ | PPQ            |
| Newstead        |         |       |        |       | interception;  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | USDA, 2003     |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Chrysomphalus  | TH, US  | F, L, | No     | No^5^ | CABI, 2002;    |
| aonidum* (L.)   |         | S     |        |       | Dekle, 1965    |
| (= *C*. *ficus* |         |       |        |       |                |
| Ashmead)        |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Parlatoria     | TH, US  | F, L, | \      | No^   | CABI, 2002;    |
| ziziphi*        | (HI,    | S     | [Yes\] | 4,10^ | PPQ            |
| (Lucas)         | MS)     |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Pseudaonidia   | TH, US  | F, L  | \      | Yes   | Halbert, 2000; |
| t               | (FL)    |       | [Yes\] |       | PPQ            |
| rilobitiformis* |         |       |        |       | interception   |
| (Green)         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *               |         |       |        |       |                |
| *Margarodidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Icerya         | TH      | L, S  | Yes    | No^4^ | CABI, 2003;    |
| seychellarum*   |         |       |        |       | CIE, 1965;     |
| (Westwood)      |         |       |        |       | Waterhouse     |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 1993.          |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **P             |         |       |        |       |                |
| seudococcidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Cataenococcus* | TH      | F     | Yes    | No^4^ | PPQ            |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Cataenococcus  | TH      | F, S  | Yes    | Yes   | CABI, 2002;    |
| hispidus*       |         |       |        |       | PPQ            |
| (Morrison)      |         |       |        |       | interception;  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | USDA, 2003     |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Dysmicoccus*   | TH      | F     | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ            |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Dysmicoccus    | TH, US  | F, L, | \      | Yes   | CABI, 2002;    |
| neobrevipes*    | (FL,    | S     | [Yes\] |       | Miller &       |
| Beardsley       | HI)     |       |        |       | Miller, 2002;  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Rohrbach *et   |
|                 |         |       |        |       | al*., 1988;    |
|                 |         |       |        |       | USDA, 2003;    |
|                 |         |       |        |       | PPQ            |
|                 |         |       |        |       | interception.  |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Formicococcus* | TH      | F     | Yes    | No^4^ | PPQ            |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       | interception;  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Ben-Dov, 1994  |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *               | TH, US  | F, I, | \      | N     | CABI, 2003;    |
| Maconellicoccus | (CA,    | L, S  | [Yes\] | o^19^ | PPQ            |
| hirsutus*       | FL, HI) |       |        |       | interception.  |
| (Green)         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *               | TH      | F, R  | Yes    | No^   | Malsch *et     |
| Maconellicoccus |         |       |        | 4,18^ | al*., 2001;    |
| multipori*      |         |       |        |       | PPQ            |
| (Takahashi)     |         |       |        |       | interception.  |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Paracoccus*    | TH      | F     | Yes    | No^5^ | PPQ            |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Phenacoccus    | TH      | F     | Yes    | No^5^ | PPQ            |
| nephelii*       |         |       |        |       | interception   |
| Takahashi       |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Planococcus*   | TH      | F     | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ            |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Planococcus    | HI, US  | F, R, | No     | No^4^ | CABI, 2002;    |
| citri* (Risso)  |         | S     |        |       | Chay-Prove,    |
|                 |         |       |        |       | *et al.*, 2001 |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Paracoccus     | TH      | F, S  | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ            |
| interceptus*    |         |       |        |       | interception;  |
| Lit             |         |       |        |       | USDA, 2003.    |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Planococcus    | TH      | F, I, | Yes    | Yes   | CABI, 2002;    |
| lilacinus*      |         | L, R, |        |       | Chacko &       |
| (Cockerell)     |         | S     |        |       | Sreedharan,    |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 1981; PPQ      |
|                 |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Planococcus    | TH      | F, I, | Yes    | Yes   | Ooi *et al*.,  |
| minor*          |         | S     |        |       | 2002; PPQ      |
| (Maskell)       |         |       |        |       | interception;  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | USDA, 2003     |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Pseudococcus*  | TH      | F, L  | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ            |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Pseudococcus   | TH, US  | F, L, | Yes    | Yes   | Avidov &       |
| cryptus* Hempel | (HI)    | R     |        |       | Harpaz, 1969;  |
| (= *P*.         |         |       |        |       | Ben-Dov, 1994; |
| *citriculus*    |         |       |        |       | PPQ            |
| Green)          |         |       |        |       | interception   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Rastrococcus   | TH      | F, L  | Yes    | N     | CABI, 2003;    |
| spinosus*       |         |       |        | o^17^ | PPQ            |
| (Robinson)      |         |       |        |       | interception;  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Scalenet,      |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 2003.          |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **HYMENOPTERA** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Formicidae**  |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Dolichoderus*  | TH      | F     | Yes    | Yes   | AFFA, 2003     |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **LEPIDOPTERA** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Geometridae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Hyposidra      | TH      | L     | Yes    | No^4^ | CABI, 2002;    |
| talaca*         |         |       |        |       | Hutacharern    |
| (Walker)        |         |       |        |       | and Tubtim,    |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 1995;          |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Waterhouse,    |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 1993           |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **G             |         |       |        |       |                |
| racillariidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Acrocercops*   | TH      | L     | Yes    | Yes   | Anon., 2002    |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Phyllocnistis* | TH      | L     | Yes    | Yes   | Anon., 2002    |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Phyllocnistis  | TH, US  | L, S  | \      | No    | CABI, 2002;    |
| citrella*       |         |       | [Yes\] |       | CABI, 2003;    |
| Stainton        |         |       |        |       | Nagamine and   |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Heu, 2003;     |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Wongsiri, 1991 |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *               |         |       |        |       |                |
| *Lymantriidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Orgyia         | TH      | L     | Yes    | No^4^ | CABI, 2003     |
| postica*        |         |       |        |       |                |
| (Walker)        |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Noctuidae**   |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Eudocima       | TH, US  | F     | Yes    | N     | AFFA, 2003;    |
| fullonia*       | (HI)    |       |        | o^12^ | CABI, 2002     |
| (=*Othreis      |         |       |        |       |                |
| fullonia*)      |         |       |        |       |                |
| (Clerck)        |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| > *Eudocima     | > TH    | > F   | > Yes  | > N   | > Kuroko and   |
| > salaminia*    |         |       |        | o^12^ | > Lewvanich,   |
| > (Cramer)      |         |       |        |       | > 1993; Waite  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > & Hwang,     |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > 2002;        |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > Waterhouse,  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > 1993; CABI,  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > 2003         |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| > *Ophiusa      | > TH    | > F   | > Yes  | > N   | > CABI, 2003;  |
| > coronata*     |         |       |        | o^12^ | > Kuroko and   |
| > (F.)          |         |       |        |       | > Lewvanich,   |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > 1993         |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Stictoptera    | TH      | L     | Yes    | No    | AFFA, 2003;    |
| columba*        |         |       |        |       | Anon., 2002    |
| (Walker)        |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Stictoptera    | TH, US  | L     | Yes    | No    | Anon., 2002;   |
| cucullioides*   | (HI)    |       |        |       | Nishida, 2002; |
| Guenée          |         |       |        |       | Yunus and Ho,  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 1980           |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Stictoptera    | TH      | L     | Yes    | No    | AFFA, 2003;    |
| signifera*      |         |       |        |       | Anon., 2002    |
| (Walker)        |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| > *Thyas        | > TH    | > F   | > Yes  | > N   | > Kuroko and   |
| > honesta*      |         |       |        | o^12^ | > Lewvanich,   |
| > Hubner        |         |       |        |       | > 1993         |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Pyralidae**   |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Aetholix       | TH      | L     | Yes    | No    | AFFA, 2003     |
| flavibasalis*   |         |       |        |       |                |
| (Guenée)        |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Tortricidae** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Adoxophyes     | TH      | L     | Yes    | No    | AFFA, 2003;    |
| privatana*      |         |       |        |       | Waterhouse,    |
| (Walker)        |         |       |        |       | 1993           |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Archips        | TH      | L     | Yes    | No    | AFFA, 2003;    |
| micaceanus*     |         |       |        |       | Waterhouse,    |
| (Walker)        |         |       |        |       | 1993           |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Dudua          | TH      | I, L  | Yes    | No^4^ | AFFA, 2003;    |
| aprobola*       |         |       |        |       | van der Geest, |
| (Meyrick)       |         |       |        |       | *et al*., 1991 |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Gatesclarkeana | TH      | L     | Yes    | No    | AFFA, 2003;    |
| idia* Diakonoff |         |       |        |       | Horak and      |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Brown, 1991    |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Homona         | TH      | L     | Yes    | No    | AFFA, 2003     |
| difficilis*     |         |       |        |       |                |
| Meyrick         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Lobesia        | TH      | L     | Yes    | No    | AFFA, 2003;    |
| genialis*       |         |       |        |       | Kuroko and     |
| Meyrick         |         |       |        |       | Lewvanich,     |
|                 |         |       |        |       | 2003           |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *               |         |       |        |       |                |
| *THYSANOPTERA** |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **Thripidae**   |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Megalurothrips | TH      | I, L  | Yes    | No^4^ | CABI, 2002;    |
| usitatus*       |         |       |        |       | Yunus and Ho,  |
| (Bagnall) (=    |         |       |        |       | 1980           |
| *Taeniothrips   |         |       |        |       |                |
| usitatus*       |         |       |        |       |                |
| Bagnall)        |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Scirtothrips*  | TH      | F, I  | Yes    | Yes   | Wongsiri, 1991 |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Scirtothrips   | TH, US  | F, I, | Yes    | N     | Anon., 2000;   |
| dorsalis* Hood  | (HI)    | L, S  |        | o^13^ | CABI, 2002;    |
|                 |         |       |        |       | Wongsiri, 1991 |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Scirtothrips   | TH      | F, L  | Yes    | N     | Anon., 2002;   |
| oligochaetus*   |         |       |        | o^13^ | Mound and      |
| (Karny)         |         |       |        |       | Kibby, 1998    |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Selenothrips   | TH, US  | F, I, | No     | No^5^ | CABI, 2002     |
| rubrocinctus*   | (FL,    | L     |        |       |                |
| (Giard)         | HI)     |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **FUNGI**       |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *               | TH      | L     | Yes    | No    | AFFA, 2003     |
| Colletotrichum* |         |       |        |       |                |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[Mitosporic    |         |       |        |       |                |
| Fungi\]         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Corticium      | TH, US  | F     | No     | Yes   | AFFA, 2003;    |
| koleroga*       |         |       |        |       | SBML, 2003     |
| (Cooke) Höhnel  |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[              |         |       |        |       |                |
| Basidiomycetes: |         |       |        |       |                |
| Stereales\]     |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Erythricium    | TH, US  | L, S  | No     | No    | CABI, 2002;    |
| salmonicolor*   | (FL,    |       |        |       | SBML, 2003     |
| (Berk. &        | LA, MS) |       |        |       |                |
| Broome)         |         |       |        |       |                |
| Burdsall (=     |         |       |        |       |                |
| *Corticium      |         |       |        |       |                |
| salmonicolor*   |         |       |        |       |                |
| Berk. & Broome) |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[              |         |       |        |       |                |
| Basidiomycetes: |         |       |        |       |                |
| Stereales\]     |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Gli            | TH, US  | F     | No     | Yes   | Lim and        |
| ocephalotrichum | (HI,    |       |        |       | Sangchote,     |
| bulbilium* J.J. | LA)     |       |        |       | 2003; SBML,    |
| Ellis &         |         |       |        |       | 2003           |
| Hesseltine      |         |       |        |       |                |
|                 |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[Mitosporic    |         |       |        |       |                |
| Fungi\]         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Glomerella     | TH, US  | F, I, | No     | Yes   | CABI, 2002;    |
| cingulata*      |         | L, S, |        |       | Lim and        |
| (Stonem.)       |         | Sd    |        |       | Sangchote,     |
| Spauld. &       |         |       |        |       | 2003           |
| Schrenk         |         |       |        |       |                |
|                 |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[Ascomycetes:  |         |       |        |       |                |
| P               |         |       |        |       |                |
| hyllachorales\] |         |       |        |       |                |
| (anamorph:      |         |       |        |       |                |
| *               |         |       |        |       |                |
| Colletotrichum* |         |       |        |       |                |
| *g              |         |       |        |       |                |
| loeosporioides* |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[Penz.\]       |         |       |        |       |                |
| Sacc.)          |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Graphium* sp.  | TH      | F     | Yes    | Yes   | AFFA, 2004     |
| \[Mitosporic    |         |       |        |       |                |
| Fungi\]         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *H              | TH      | L     | Yes    | No^4^ | AFFA, 2004     |
| elminthosporium |         |       |        |       |                |
| quaciniae*      |         |       |        |       |                |
| (*garciniae*?)  |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[Mitosporic    |         |       |        |       |                |
| Fungi\]         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Lasiodiplodia  | TH, US  | F, I, | No     | No^4^ | CABI, 2002;    |
| theobromae*     |         | L, R, |        |       | SBML, 2003     |
| (Pat.)          |         | S, Sd |        |       |                |
| Griffiths &     |         |       |        |       |                |
| Maubl. (=       |         |       |        |       |                |
| *Botryodiplodia |         |       |        |       |                |
| theobromae*     |         |       |        |       |                |
| Pat.)           |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[Mitosporic    |         |       |        |       |                |
| Fungi\]         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Macrophomina   | TH^14^, | F, I, | No     | No    | CABI, 2002     |
| phaseolina*     | US      | L, R, |        |       |                |
| (Tassi)         |         | S, Sd |        |       |                |
| Goidanich       |         |       |        |       |                |
|                 |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[Mitosporic    |         |       |        |       |                |
| Fungi\]         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Pestalotiopsis | TH      | F, L, | Yes    | N     | Lim and        |
| flagisettula*   |         | S     |        | o^15^ | Sangchote,     |
| (Guba) Stey.    |         |       |        |       | 2003           |
| \[Mitosporic    |         |       |        |       |                |
| Fungi\]         |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Phellinus      | TH^14^  | R, S  | Yes    | No^4^ | CABI, 2002     |
| noxius*         |         |       |        |       |                |
| (Corner) G.     |         |       |        |       |                |
| Cunn.           |         |       |        |       |                |
| (               |         |       |        |       |                |
| Basidiomycetes: |         |       |        |       |                |
| H               |         |       |        |       |                |
| ymenochaetales) |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Phomopsis* sp. | TH      | F     | Yes    | Yes   | Lim and        |
| \[Mitosporic    |         |       |        |       | Sangchote,     |
| Fungi\]         |         |       |        |       | 2003           |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Rhizopus       | TH, US  | F     | No     | No^4^ | Morton, 1987;  |
| stolonifer*     |         |       |        |       | SBML, 2003     |
| (Ehrenb.) Lind  |         |       |        |       |                |
|                 |         |       |        |       |                |
| (= *R*.         |         |       |        |       |                |
| *nigricans*     |         |       |        |       |                |
| Ehrenb.)        |         |       |        |       |                |
| \[Zygomycetes:  |         |       |        |       |                |
| Mucorales\]     |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **ALGAE**       |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Cephaleuros    | TH, US  | L     | No     | No    | AFFA, 2003;    |
| virescens*      | (AR,    |       |        |       | SBML, 2003     |
| Künze           | LA)     |       |        |       |                |
| ([Trentepohl    |         |       |        |       |                |
| iales](http://w |         |       |        |       |                |
| ww.ncbi.nlm.nih |         |       |        |       |                |
| .gov/Taxonomy/B |         |       |        |       |                |
| rowser/wwwtax.c |         |       |        |       |                |
| gi?mode=Undef&i |         |       |        |       |                |
| d=35443&lvl=3&p |         |       |        |       |                |
| =17&p=20&p=37&p |         |       |        |       |                |
| =38&keep=1&srch |         |       |        |       |                |
| mode=1&unlock): |         |       |        |       |                |
| [Trentepohli    |         |       |        |       |                |
| aceae](http://w |         |       |        |       |                |
| ww.ncbi.nlm.nih |         |       |        |       |                |
| .gov/Taxonomy/B |         |       |        |       |                |
| rowser/wwwtax.c |         |       |        |       |                |
| gi?mode=Undef&i |         |       |        |       |                |
| d=35445&lvl=3&p |         |       |        |       |                |
| =17&p=20&p=37&p |         |       |        |       |                |
| =38&keep=1&srch |         |       |        |       |                |
| mode=1&unlock)) |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **NEMATODE**    |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| >               | > TH,   | > R   | > No   | > No  | > Chunram,     |
| *Rotylenchulus* | > US    |       |        |       | > 1972; Khan,  |
| > sp.           |         |       |        |       | > *et al*.,    |
| >               |         |       |        |       | > 1971;        |
| (Hoplolaimidae) |         |       |        |       | > Mossler and  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > Nesheim,     |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > 2003;        |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > Ploetz, 1994 |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Tylenchulus    | TH, US  | R     | No     | No    | CABI, 2002;    |
| semipenetrans*  |         |       |        |       | Chawla, *et    |
| Cobb            |         |       |        |       | al*., 1980     |
| (Tylenchulidae) |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| > *Xiphinema*   | > TH,   | > R   | > No   | > No  | > CABI/EPPO,   |
| > sp.           | > US    |       |        |       | > 2002;        |
| >               |         |       |        |       | > Chunram,     |
|  (Longidoridae) |         |       |        |       | > 1972; Khan,  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > *et al*.,    |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > 1971;        |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > Mossler and  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > Nesheim,     |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > 2003;        |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > Ploetz, *et  |
|                 |         |       |        |       | > al*., 1994   |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| **MOLLUSCA**    |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+
| *Helicarion*    | TH      | F     | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ            |
| sp.             |         |       |        |       | interception   |
| (               |         |       |        |       |                |
| Helicarionidae) |         |       |        |       |                |
+-----------------+---------+-------+--------+-------+----------------+

^1^Distribution (specific states are listed only if distribution is
limited): AL = Alabama; CA = California; FL = Florida; GA = Georgia; HI
= Hawaii; LA = Louisiana; MS = Mississippi; TH = Thailand; TX = Texas;
US = United States (widespread)

^2^Plant parts: F = Fruit; I = Inflorescence; L = Leaf; R = Root; S =
Stem; Sd = Seed

^3^Brackets indicate that the species, although not fitting the
definition of a quarantine pest (FAO 2002) is actionable (USDA-APHIS,
PPQ, National Identification Service)

^4^Based on extensive survey data, pest occurs in Thailand but data do
not show mangosteen as a host (THDOA, 2004b).

^5^Based on extensive survey data, no evidence that pest occurs in
Thailand (THDOA, 2004c).

^6^All field studies suggest that coffee is the only primary host (CABI,
2002).

^7^Would infest over-ripe or decaying fruit only which would be
eliminated in processing (AFFA, 2003; CABI,2003).).

^8^There is evidence that infestation occurs only in damaged fruit
(e.g., those with surface cracks or over-ripe fruits), permitting
oviposition beyond the hard, ordinarily impenetrable rind (Unahawutti
and Oonthonglang, 2002; Follett, 2004) \[See Appendix B\]. Such fruit
likely would be culled in the packing house. The Australia Department of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry estimated the probability of
introduction of fruit flies on mangosteen to be "very low" (AFFA,
2003/2004).

^9^Species appears to be restricted to rice (*Oryza sativa*) and other
Poaceae (Hill, 1983; CABI, 2002). The single record on *Garcinia
mangostana* fruit (PIN 309) likely does not represent a true host
association.

^10^Host range of this species apparently is restricted to Rutaceae,
particularly *Citrus* spp.(found occasionally on fruit) (CABI, 2002);
authenticity of records for other hosts is questionable (Dekle, 1976).

^11^Genus apparently does not occur in the United States (Ben-Dov,
1994).

^12^Adults feed on fruit (CABI, 2002), and are unlikely to remain with
the commodity through harvest and processing.

^13^Recorded on young fruit (Wongsiri, 1991).

^14^Thailand Dept. of Agriculture, personal communication, September 29,
2003, with Dr. T. Culliney, USDA.

^15^Weak pathogen or secondary invader (Sivapalan, *et al*., 1998)
causing postharvest storage rots. Causes postharvest problems related to
injuries caused during harvesting, processing and high humidity
temperatures. Potential consequences are not significant (AFFA, 2004).

^16^There is no evidence that mangosteen is a host to *Phenacoccus
nephelii* nor is there any evidence that the species occurs in Thailand
(USDA, 2003).

^17^Extensive survey data show *A. tubercularis* distribution in
Thailand but no evidence that mangosteen as host (THDOA, 2004); these
data are supported by the literature showing pest distribution in
Thailand but no evidence that *G. mangostana* is a true host (Scalenet,
2003; CABI, 2003). Lack of host status is further supported by worldwide
interceptions (two \[baggage\] for *A. tubercularis* and one \[baggage\]
for *R. spinosus*).

^18^Extensive survey data has never identified *Maconellicoccus
multipori* in Thailand (THDOA, 2004c). There is no evidence that
mangosteen is a true host for *M. multipori* (Scalenet, 2003). Pest has
been intercepted three times worldwide (one \[baggage\] Thailand and two
\[baggage\] Vietnam).

^19^There is no evidence that mangosteen is a true host for *M.
hirsutus* (Scalenet, 2003; CABI, 2003; THDOA, 2004c)

**Table D4:** Quarantine Pests Likely to Follow the Pathway on *Garcinia
mangostana* (mangosteen)

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Arthropods**                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| **[Diptera (Tephritidae)]{.underline}**                               |
|                                                                       |
| *Bactrocera carambolae* Drew and Hancock                              |
|                                                                       |
| *Bactrocera dorsalis* Hendel                                          |
|                                                                       |
| *Bactrocera papayae* Drew                                             |
|                                                                       |
| **[Hemiptera/ Homoptera]{.underline}**                                |
|                                                                       |
| **[Coccidae]{.underline}**                                            |
|                                                                       |
| *Coccus viridis* (Green)                                              |
|                                                                       |
| **[Diaspididae]{.underline}**                                         |
|                                                                       |
| *Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis* (Green)                                |
|                                                                       |
| **[Pseudococcidae]{.underline}**                                      |
|                                                                       |
| *Cataenococcus hispidus* (Morrison)                                   |
|                                                                       |
| *Dysmicoccus neobrevipes* (Beardsley)                                 |
|                                                                       |
| *Paracoccus interceptus* Lit                                          |
|                                                                       |
| *Planococcus lilacinus* (Cockerell)                                   |
|                                                                       |
| *Planococcus minor* (Maskell)                                         |
|                                                                       |
| *Pseudococcus cryptus* (Green)                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**E. Pest List for *Nephelium lappaceum* L. (rambutan)**

**Table E1:** Weed Potential of *Nephelium lappaceum* L*.* (rambutan)

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Commodity: *Nephelium lappaceum* L*.* (rambutan)                      |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 1. *N. lappaceum L.* is in limited production in Hawaii.        |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 2. Is the genus *Nephelium lappaceum* L. listed in:             |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Geographical Atlas of World Weeds (Holm *et al*.,    |
| 1979)                                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} World\'s Worst Weeds (Holm et al., 1977) or World    |
| Weeds: Natural                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| Histories and Distribution (Holm et al., 1997).                       |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Report of the Technical Committee to Evaluate        |
| Noxious Weeds; Exotic                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| Weeds for Federal Noxious Weed Act (Gunn and Ritchie, 1982).          |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Economically Important Foreign Weeds (Reed, 1977).   |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Weed Science Society of America list (WSSA, 1989).   |
|                                                                       |
| [NO]{.underline} Is there any literature reference indicating weed    |
| potential, (e.g.,                                                     |
|                                                                       |
| AGRICOLA, CAB Biological Abstracts, AGRIS; search on \"Podocarpus\"   |
|                                                                       |
| combined with \"weed\").                                              |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 3. *Nephelium lappaceum* L. is grown in limited production in   |
| Hawaii, and there is no evidence of invasive behavior.                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Table E2:** Summary of Pest Interceptions on *Nephelium lappaceum*
(rambutan)^1^ (1985-2003)

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Pest**                **Year of Interception  **Locations(s) of
                          (Number of              Interceptions**
                          Interceptions)**        
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
  *Aleyrodidae,* Species  2000(1)                 Baggage
  of                                              

  *Aphididae,* Species of 1997(1), 1996(1),       Baggage
                          1988(1)                 

  *Aulacaspis* sp.        2002(1), 1987(1)        Baggage

  *Aulacaspis             2003(1), 1995(1)        Baggage
  tubercularis*                                   

  *Bactrocera,* sp.       1997(1), 1995(1),       Baggage
                          1993(1), 1992(1),       
                          1991(1)                 

  *Batracomorphus* sp.    1985(1)                 Baggage

  *Campylomma* sp.        1992(1)                 Baggage

  *Cataenococcus          1997(1), 1995(2),       Baggage
  hispidus*               1994(1), 1991(3),       
                          1990(2), 1989(1),       
                          1987(1), 1986(2)        

  *Cataenococcus* sp.     1991(1)                 Baggage

  *Chionaspis* sp.        1991(1), 1987(1)        Baggage, Quarters

  *Cicadellidae,* Species 2002(1), 1995(1),       Baggage
  of                      1993(1), 1992(1)        

  *Coccidae,* Species of  1998(1) 1993(1),        Baggage
                          1991(1)                 

  *Coccotrypes* sp.       1989(1)                 Baggage

  *Conogethes* sp.        2002(1), 2000(1),       Baggage
                          1993(1), 1990(1)        

  *Conopomorpha* sp.      2002(1)                 Baggage

  *Contaria* sp.          1988(1)                 Baggage

  *Crypticerya* sp.       1985(1)                 Baggage

  *Curculionidae,*        1991(1), 1987(1)        Baggage, Quarters
  Species of                                      

  *Dacus* sp.             1994(1), 1985(1)        Baggage

  *Delphacidae,* Species  1988(1)                 Baggage
  of                                              

  *Diaspididae,* Species  1999(2), 1997(1),       Baggage, Permit Cargo,
  of                      1991(1), 1985(1)        Quarters

  *Diptera,* Species of   2001(1)                 Baggage

  *Drepanococcus* sp.     2002(3), 1995(1)        Baggage

  *Dysmicoccus            2003(1), 2002(3),       Baggage, Permit Cargo
  neobrevipes*            1999(4), 1998(4),       
                          1997(2), 1996(2),       
                          1995(2), 1994(2)        

  *Dysmicoccus* sp.       2000(1), 1999(1),       Baggage
                          1997(1), 1995(1),       
                          1991(1)                 

  *Ferrisia* sp.          2000(1)                 Baggage

  *Gelechiidae,* Species  1991(1), 1988(1)        Baggage, Quarters
  of                                              

  *Gracillariidae,*       2003(3), 2002(3),       Baggage, Permit Cargo,
  Species of              2001(3), 2000(2),       Storage, Quarters
                          1999(2), 1998(1),       
                          1997(5), 1994(5),       
                          1993(2), 1992(2),       
                          1989(1), 1986(1)        

  *Graminella expansa*    1984(1)                 Baggage

  *Hemiptera,* Species of 2002(1)                 Baggage

  *Heteroptera, Species   1986(1)                 Baggage
  of*                                             

  *Homoptera,* Species of 1988(1)                 Baggage

  *Icerya seychellarum*   1992(1), 1988(1)        Baggage. Quarters

  *Maconellicoccus        2002(2), 2001(1),       Baggage, Quarters
  hirsutus*               1997(1), 1994(1),       
                          1991(2), 1988(1)        

  *Maconellicoccus        1997(1)                 Baggage
  multipori*                                      

  *Maconellicoccus* sp.   2002(1)                 Baggage

  *Margarodidae,* Species 1986(1)                 Baggage
  of                                              

  *Membracidae,* Species  1997(1), 1994(1)        Baggage
  of                                              

  *Miridae,* Species of   2002(2), 1998(2),       Baggage
                          1992(1), 1991(2),       
                          1990(1), 1985(1)        

  *Mollusca,* Species of  200191\)                Baggage

  *Nipaecoccus* sp.       1990(1)                 Storage

  *Nipaecoccus viridis*   1989(1)                 Baggage

  *Phaeothripidae,*       1992(1), 1988(1),       Baggage
  Species of              1985(1)                 

  *Planococcus lilacinus* 2003(1), 2002(5),       Baggage, Mail,
                          2001(2), 2000(2),       Quarters,
                          1999(1), 1998(3),       
                          1997(9), 1996(2),       
                          1995(2), 1994(2),       
                          1993(3), 1992(1),       
                          1990(2), 1989(1),       
                          1987(1), 1988(1),       
                          1985(3)                 

  *Planococcus minor*     2003(6), 2002(3),       
                          2001(70, 2000(7),       
                          1999(4), 1998(10),      
                          1997(16), 1996(11),     
                          1995(4), 1994(16),      
                          1993(4), 1992(1),       
                          1990(1), 1989(4),       
                          1988(4), 1987(2),       
                          1986(1), 1985(6)        

  *Planococcus morrisoni* 1990(1)                 Baggage

  *Planococcus* sp.       2003(1), 2002(1),       Baggage, Mail
                          2001(2), 2000(3),       
                          1999(2), 1998(2),       
                          1997(5), 1995(1),       
                          1994(3), 1992(2),       
                          1990(2), 1989(2)        

  *Pseudaonidia           1992(1)                 Baggage
  trilobitiformis*                                

  *Pseudaulacaspis* sp.   1985(1)                 Baggage

  *Pseudococcidae,*       2003(5), 2002(6),       Baggage. Mail, Permit
  Species of              2001(2), 2000(3),       Cargo, Quarters
                          1999(5), 1998(4),       
                          1997(6), 1996(4),       
                          1993(19), 1992(39),     
                          1991(38), 1990(3),      
                          1987(5), 1988(9),       
                          1987(1), 1986(2),       
                          1985(8)                 

  *Pseudococcus           2000(1), 1999(1),       Baggage, Quarters
  citriculus*             1998(1), 1997(1)        

  *Pseudococcus cryptus*  2000(1), 1999(1),       Baggage
                          1998(1), 1997(1)        

  *Pseudococcus* sp.      2001(2), 1999(1),       Baggage, Permit Cargo,
                          1998(1), 1997(1),       Quarters
                          1994(2), 1989(1),       
                          1986(1)                 

  *Psyllidae,* Species of 1992(1), 1985(1),       Baggage
                          1984(1)                 

  *Pyralidae,* Species of 1992(1)                 Baggage

  *Rastrococcus biggeri*  1997(1)                 Mail

  *Saissetia* sp.         1989(1)                 Baggage

  *Succinea horticola*    1999(1)                 Baggage

  *Tephritidae,* Species  1997(1), 1984(1)        Baggage, Permit Cargo
  of                                              

  *Theorioaphis* sp.      1988(1)                 Baggage

  *Thripidae,* Species of 1991(1), 1990(1),       Baggage
                          1985(1)                 

  *Tineidae,* Species of  1987(1), 1986(1)        Baggage

  *Tortricinae,* Species  1992(1)                 Baggage
  of                                              

  *Tuckerella knorri*     1988(1)                 Baggage
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

^1^(PIN309, 2003)

**Table E3:** Pests in Thailand Associated with Rambutan (Nephelium
lappaceum L.)

+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Pest**        | **Geog   |   | *      | **Quar | **L   | **Re       |
|                 | raphical |   | *Plant | antine | ikely | ferences** |
|                 | D        |   | Part   | Pes    | to    |            |
|                 | istribut |   | A      | t^3^** | F     |            |
|                 | ion^1^** |   | ffecte |        | ollow |            |
|                 |          |   | d^2^** |        | Path  |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        | way** |            |
+=================+==========+===+========+========+=======+============+
| **ARTHROPODS**  |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **ACARI**       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Tetranychidae** |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Eutetranychus  | TH       |   | L      | Yes    | No    | CABI, 2003 |
| orientatis*     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Klein           |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Tetranychus    | TH, US   |   | L      | No     | No    | CABI, 2003 |
| cinnabarinus*   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family:       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Tuckerellidae** |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Tuckerella     | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | No^5^ | PPQ        |
| knorri*         |          |   |        |        |       | inte       |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | rception ; |
| Baker and       |          |   |        |        |       | Baker and  |
| Tuttle          |          |   |        |        |       | Tuttle,    |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 1975.      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **INSECTA**     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Order :       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Coleoptera**    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Curculionidae** |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Hypomeces      | TH       |   | L, R,  | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| squamosus*      |          |   | Sh     |        |       | 2004a      |
| (Fabricius)     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Nitidulidae**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Carpophilus    | TH, US   |   | F, S   | No     | No    | CABI,      |
| dimidiatus*     |          |   |        |        | ^4,6^ | 2003;      |
| (Fabricius)     |          |   |        |        |       | Tindall,   |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 1994; Zee, |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | *et al*.,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 1993       |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family:       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Scolytidae**    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Coccotrypes*   | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | Y     | PPQ        |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        | es^7^ | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Order :       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Diptera**       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family:       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Cecidomyiidae** |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Contarinia*    | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | No    | PPQ        |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        | ^4,8^ | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Tephritidae**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Bactrocera     | TH, US   |   | F      | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| dorsalis*       | (HI)     |   |        |        |       | 2004a      |
| (Hendel)        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Bactrocera*    | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Bactrocera     | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | Yes   | CABI, 2003 |
| papayae* Drew & |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Hancock         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Dacus* sp.     | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Oder :        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Hemiptera       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| (Homoptera)**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Aphididae**     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Pentalonia     | TH, US   |   | L, S   | No     | No    | CABI, 2003 |
| nigronervosa*   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Coquerel        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Toxoptera      | TH,US    |   | L, I,  | No     | No    | CABI,      |
| aurantii*       |          |   | Sh     |        |       | 2003;      |
| (Boyer de       |          |   |        |        |       | Hill,      |
| Fonscolombe)    |          |   |        |        |       | 1983;      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | Wongsiri,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 1991       |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Therioaphis*   | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | int        |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | erception; |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | CABI, 2003 |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family:       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Cicadellidae**  |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Graminella     | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | No^   | PPQ        |
| expansa*        |          |   |        |        | 5,10^ | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Coccidae**      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Ceroplastes    | TH,US    |   | Br, F, | No     | No^5^ | CABI,      |
| ceriferus*      |          |   | I, L,  |        |       | 2003;      |
| (Frabicious)    |          |   | S, Sh  |        |       | Scalenet,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003       |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Ceroplastes    | TH,US    |   | Br, L, | \      | Yes   | CABI,      |
| rubens* Maskell | (FL, HI) |   | F, S   | [Yes\] |       | 2003;      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | Scalenet,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003       |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Coccus         | TH, US   |   | L. S   | No     | No^5^ | CABI, 2003 |
| hesperidum*     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Linnaeus        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Coccus         | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | No^4^ | PPQ        |
| viridis* Green  |          |   |        |        |       | inte       |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | rception ; |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | Scalenet,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003.      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Drepanococcus  | TH       |   | Br     | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| chiton* (Green) |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Saisetia* sp.  | TH       |   | L, S   | Yes    | No^5^ | CABI,      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003; PPQ  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family:       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Diaspididae**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Aspidiotus     | TH, US   |   | F, L,  | No     | No^4^ | CABI, 2003 |
| destructor*     |          |   | S      |        |       |            |
| Signoret        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Aulacaspis*    | TH       |   | L, S   | Yes    | No^4^ | CABI,      |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | 2003; PPQ  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Aulacaspis     | TH, US   |   | F, L,  | \      | No^4^ | CABI,      |
| tubercularis*   | (FL)     |   | S      | [Yes\] |       | 2003; PPQ  |
| Newstead        |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Chionaspis*    | TH       |   | L, S   | Yes    | No    | CABI,      |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | 2003; PPQ  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Hemiberlesia   | TH, US   |   | L, S,  | No     | Yes   | CABI, 2003 |
| lataniae*       |          |   | F      |        |       |            |
| (Signoret)      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Pseudaonidia   | TH, US   |   | F      | \      | N     | Scalenet,  |
| t               | (FL)     |   |        | [Yes\] | o^18^ | 2003; PPQ  |
| rilobitiformis* |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
| Green           |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *               | TH, US   |   | F      | Yes    | N     | PPQ        |
| Thysanofiorinia | (HI)     |   |        |        | o^17^ | inte       |
| nephelii*       |          |   |        |        |       | rception ; |
| Maskell         |          |   |        |        |       | Scalenet,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003.      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family:       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Margarodidae**  |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Icerya         | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | No^4^ | CABI,      |
| seychellarium*  |          |   |        |        |       | 2003; PPQ  |
| (Westwood)      |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family:       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Miridae**       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Campylomma*    | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | No^5^ | PPQ        |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Pentatomidae**  |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Tessaratoma    | TH       |   | F      | Yes    | N     | CABI,      |
| javanica*       |          |   |        |        | o^14^ | 2003;      |
| (Thunberg)      |          |   |        |        |       | Hill,      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 1983;      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | Wongsiri,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 1991       |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| P               |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| seudococcidae** |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Cataenococcus  | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
| hispidus*       |          |   |        |        |       | In         |
| (Morrison)      |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | (PIN309);  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | CABI, 2003 |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Dysmicoccus    | TH, US   | F |        | No     | No^4^ | Ben-Dov,   |
| brevipes*       | (CA, FL, | , |        |        |       | 1994;      |
| (Cockerell)     | HI, LA)  | L |        |        |       | CABI,      |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       | 2003; CIE, |
|                 |          | R |        |        |       | 1972;      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Dysmicoccus    | TH, US   | F |        | \      | Yes   | PPQ        |
| neobrevipes*    | (FL, HI) | , |        | [Yes\] |       | in         |
| Beardsley       |          | L |        |        |       | terception |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | R |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Dysmicoccus*   | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Ferrisia       | TH, US   | F |        | No     | No    | THDOA,     |
| virgata*        |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a      |
| (Cockerell)     |          | I |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | L |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | S |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | S |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | h |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Ferrisia* sp.  | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *               | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
| Maconellicoccus |          |   |        |        |       | int        |
| hirsutus* Green |          |   |        |        |       | erception; |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | CABI, 2003 |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *               | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No^5^ | Scalenet,  |
| Maconellicoccus |          |   |        |        |       | 2003; PPQ  |
| multipori*      |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
| (Takahashi)     |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *M              | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
| aconellicoccus* |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Nipaecoccus*   | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Nipaecoccus    | TH, US   | F |        | No     | Yes   | CABI, 2003 |
| nipae*          |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| (Maskell)       |          | L |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | S |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Nipaecoccus    | TH, US   | F |        | Yes    | No^4^ | PPQ        |
| viridis*        | (HI)     |   |        |        |       | int        |
| ((Newstead)     |          |   |        |        |       | erception; |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | Scalenet,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003       |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Paracoccus     | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
| interceptus*    |          |   |        |        |       | inte       |
| Lit             |          |   |        |        |       | rception ; |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | Scalenet,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003.      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Planococcus    | TH, US   | F |        | No     | Yes   | CABI, 2003 |
| citri* (Risso)  |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | I |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | S |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Pseudococcus   | TH       | F |        | Yes    | N     | PPQ        |
| cryptus* Hemper |          | , |        |        | o^12^ | int        |
| =(*Pseudococcus |          | R |        |        |       | erception. |
| citriculus*     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Green)          |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Planococcus    | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| lilacinus*      |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a; PPQ |
| (Cockerell)     |          | I |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       | terception |
|                 |          | L |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | S |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Planococcus    | TH       | F |        | Yes    | No^5^ | PPQ        |
| litchi* Cox     |          |   |        |        |       | int        |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | erception; |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | Scalenet,  |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003.      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Planococcus    | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| minor* Maskell  |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a; PPQ |
|                 |          | I |        |        |       | inte       |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | rception ; |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Planococcus*   | TH       | F |        | Yes    | No^4^ | PPQ        |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Pseudococcus   | TH, US   | F |        | No     | Yes   | CABI,      |
| jackbeardsleyi* | (FL, HI, | , |        |        |       | 2003;      |
| Gimpel & Miller | TX)      | L |        |        |       | USDA,      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003.      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Rastrococcus   | TH       | S |        | Yes    | No    | PPQ        |
| biggeri*        |          | t |        |        |       | in         |
| Williams and    |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
| Watson          |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Rastrococcus   | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| iceryoides*     |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| (Green)         |          | B |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | r |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Oder :        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Lepidoptera**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Geometridae**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Thalassodes    | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No^4^ | THDOA,     |
| falsaria* Prout |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| G               |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| racillariidae** |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Conopomorpha   | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| cramerella*     |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| Snellen         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Conopomorpha*  | TH       | F |        | Yes    | No^4^ | PPQ        |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Limacodidae**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Darna diducta* | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No^4^ | CABI, 2003 |
| Snellen         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Parasa lepida* | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| Cramer          |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Setora nitens* | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No^4^ | THDOA,     |
| Walker          |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Lymantriidae**  |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Euproctis      | TH       | F |        | Yes    | No^   | CABI, 2003 |
| scintillans*    |          | , |        |        | 4,16^ |            |
| (Walker)        |          | I |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Orgyia         | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | CABI, 2003 |
| postica*        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| (Walker)        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Noctuidae**     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Eublemma       | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| abrupta* Walker |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| (= *Autoba      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| abrupta*)       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Eublemma       | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No    | CABI, 2003 |
| brachygonia*    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Hampson         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Eublemma       | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| versicolor*     |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| Walker          |          |   |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| (= Autoba       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| versicolor)     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Eudocima       | TH, US   | F |        | Yes    | No^   | THDOA,     |
| fullonia*       | (HI)     |   |        |        | 4,16^ | 2004a.     |
| (Clerck)        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Oxyodes        | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No    | TH         |
| scrobiculata*   |          | , |        |        |       | DOA,2004a. |
| Fabricius       |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Sympis         | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| rufibasis*      |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| Guenée          |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Notodontidae**  |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Dudusa         | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| synopla*        |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| Swinhoe         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Stauropus      | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No^5^ | CABI, 2003 |
| alternus*       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| (Walker)        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Pyralidae**     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Conogethes     | TH       | F |        | Yes    | N     | THDOA,     |
| punctiferalis*  |          | , |        |        | o^13^ | 2004a.     |
| (Guenée)        |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Conogethes* sp | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | PPQ        |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | in         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | terception |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Tirathaba      | TH       | F |        | Yes    | N     | THDOA,     |
| ruptilinea*     |          | , |        |        | o^13^ | 2004a.     |
| (Walker)        |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Saturniidae**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Attacus atlas* | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No^4^ | CABI, 2003 |
| (Linnaeus)      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Tortricidae**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Archips        | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| micaceanus*     |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| (Walker)        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Homona         | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| eductana*       |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| (Walker)        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Statherotis    | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| discana*        |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| (Felder &       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Rogenhofer)     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Statherotis    | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| leucaspis*      |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| (Meyrick)       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Oder :        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Orthoptera**    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Acrididae**     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Chondracris    | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | CABI, 2003 |
| rosea* (De      |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| Geer*)*         |          | S |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Oder :        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Thysanoptera**  |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Ph              |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| laeothripidae** |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Haplothrips*   | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| sp.             |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Family :      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Thripidae**     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Frankliniella  | TH       | I |        | \      | N     | PPQ        |
| schultzei*      |          | , |        | [Yes\] | o^16^ | int        |
| Trybom          |          | F |        |        |       | erception; |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | CABI,      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003.      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *               | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| Megalurothrips* |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| sp.             |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Scirtothrips   | TH , US  | I |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| dorsalis* Hood  | (HI)     | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Thrips         | TH, US   | I |        | No     | No    | THDOA,     |
| hawaiiensis*    |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| Morgan          |          | L |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **BACTERIA**    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Pseudomonas    | TH, US   | F |        | No     | Y     | CABI, 2003 |
| syringae* pv*.  |          | , |        |        | es^4^ |            |
| Syringae* van   |          | I |        |        |       |            |
| Hall 1902       |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | L |        |        |       |            |
| \[Gammap        |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| roteobacteria : |          | S |        |        |       |            |
| Ps              |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| eudomanadales\] |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **FUNGI**       |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Botrytis* sp.  | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| \[Mitospric     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Cladosporium*  | TH, US   | I |        | No     | No    | THDOA,     |
| sp              |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *               | TH, US   | F |        | No     | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| Colletotrichum* |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| sp.             |          | L |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Cyphella* sp.  | TH       | S |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| \[B             |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| asidiomycetes : |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Stereales\]     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Erythricium    | TH, US   | L |        | No     | No    | THDOA,     |
| salmonicolor*   | (FL, LA, | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| Berk & Broome   | MS)      | S |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| (Syn.:          |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| *Corticium      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| salmonicolor*   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Berk. &         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Broome)\        |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[B             |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| asidiomycetes : |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Stereales\]     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Fusarium* sp.  | TH, US   | F |        | No     | Yes   | THDOA,     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Glio           | TH, US   | F |        | No     | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| cephalotrichium |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| bulbilium*      |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Ellis & Hesselt |          |   |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Glioc          | TH,US    | F |        | No     | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| ephalotrichium* |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Glomerella     | TH, US   | L |        | No     | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| cingulata*      |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| (Stoneman)      |          | F |        |        |       |            |
| Spauld &        |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| H.Schrenk       |          | I |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| (anamorph:      |          | S |        |        |       |            |
| *Colletotrichum |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| g               |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| loeosporioides* |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Penz.)          |          |   |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \               |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| [Ascomycetes :P |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| hyllachorales\] |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Greeneria* sp. | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Lasiodiplodia  | TH, US   | F |        | No     | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| theobromae*     |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| (Pat.) Griffon  |          | I |        |        |       |            |
| & Maubl.        |          | , |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | L |        |        |       |            |
| (Syn.           |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| *Botryodiplodia |          | R |        |        |       |            |
| theobromae*     |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| Pat.)           |          | S |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          | S |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          | d |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Macrophoma*    | TH       | L |        | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| sp.             |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          | F |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Meliola        | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No^9^ | THDOA,     |
| nephelii* Sacc. |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| var.            |          | I |        |        |       |            |
| *singalensi*    |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| Hansf.          |          | F |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Ascomycetes : |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Meliolales\]    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Oidium         | TH       | I |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| nephelii*       |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| Hadiwidjaja     |          | L |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Pestalotia*    | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *               | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| Pestalotiopsis* |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a      |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       |            |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Pestalotiopsis | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No^4^ | Peregrine  |
| theae* (Saw.)   |          |   |        |        |       | and Ahmad, |
| Stey.           |          |   |        |        |       | 1982 ;     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | SBML,      |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       | 2003.      |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Phoma* sp.     | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Phomopsis*     | TH       | F |        | Yes    | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| spp.            |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Phyllosticta*  | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| sp.             |          |   |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Phytophthora   | TH       | L |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| botryosa* Chee  |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          | S |        |        |       |            |
| \[Oomycetes :   |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| Pythiales\]     |          | R |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Phytophthora   | TH, US   | R |        | No     | No^4^ | Beach, *et |
| cinnamomi*      |          |   |        |        |       | al*.,      |
| Rands           |          |   |        |        |       | 1980;      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | CABI, 2003 |
| \[Oomycetes :   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Pythiales\]     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Phytophthora   | TH, US   | L |        | No     | Yes   | THDOA,     |
| nicotianae*     |          | , |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
| Breda de Hann   |          | S |        |        |       | Raabe, *et |
| var.            |          | , |        |        |       | al*.,      |
| *parasitica*    |          | R |        |        |       | 1981;      |
| (Dastur) G.M.   |          | , |        |        |       | Tindall,   |
|                 |          | F |        |        |       | 1994       |
| \[Oomycetes :   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
| Pythiales\]     |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Rhabdospora*   | TH       | B |        | Yes    | No    | THDOA,     |
| sp.             |          | r |        |        |       | 2004a.     |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       |            |
| \[Mitosporic    |          | T |        |        |       |            |
| Fungi\]         |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Rigidoporus    | TH, US   | L |        | No     | No    | CABI,      |
| microporus*     |          | , |        |        |       | 2000;      |
| (Fr.) Overeem   |          | S |        |        |       | CABI,      |
|                 |          | , |        |        |       | 2003;      |
| \[B             |          | R |        |        |       | CABI/EPPO, |
| asidiomycetes : |          |   |        |        |       | 1997;      |
| Poriales\]      |          |   |        |        |       | Tindall,   |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 1994       |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| **Nematodes**   |          |   |        |        |       |            |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Di             | TH       | R |        | Yes    | No^4^ | USDA,      |
| scocriconemella |          |   |        |        |       | 2004;      |
| limitanea*      |          |   |        |        |       | Ph         |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | olcharoen, |
| \[C             |          |   |        |        |       | *et al.,*  |
| riconematidae\] |          |   |        |        |       | 1972.      |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Radopholus     | TH, US   | L |        | No     | No    | CABI,      |
| similis* (Cobb) | (FL, HI, | , |        |        |       | 2000;      |
| Thorne          | LA, TX)  | R |        |        |       | CABI,      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | 2003;      |
| \[              |          |   |        |        |       | Latha, *et |
| Hoplolaimidae\] |          |   |        |        |       | al.*, 1997 |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+
| *Rotylenchulus  | TH, US   | R |        | No     | No    | CABI,      |
| reniliformis*   |          |   |        |        |       | 2000;      |
| (Linford &      |          |   |        |        |       | CABI,      |
| Oliveria)       |          |   |        |        |       | 2003;      |
|                 |          |   |        |        |       | Latha, *et |
| (Hoplolaimidae) |          |   |        |        |       | al*., 1997 |
+-----------------+----------+---+--------+--------+-------+------------+

^1^Distribution : TH = Thailand, US = The United States of America,
(Specific states are listed only if distribution is limited.): CA =
California; FL =Florida; HI = Hawaii; LA=Louisisna; MS=Mississippi; TX =
Texas

**^2^**Plant Parts : Bk = Bark; Br = Branch; F = Fruit ; I =
Inflorescence; L = Leaf; R = Root; S = Stem; Sd = Seed ; Sh = Shoot ; T
= Twig

^3^Brackets indicate that the species, although not fitting the
definition of a quarantine pest (FAO 2002) is actionable (USDA-APHIS,
PPQ, National Identification Service)

^4^Pest is present in Thailand but is not associated with or known to
attack rambutan (THDOA, 2004c)

####### ^5^Based on extensive survey data, there is no record that the pest occurs in Thailand (THDOA, 2004d).

####### ^6^Species unlikely to follow the pathway because it infest only damaged or decayed fruit (THDOA, 2004a).

####### ^7^This species is considered unlikely to follow the pathway because it infests only wooden case or cutting wood (THDOA, 2004a).

####### ^8^This species is considered unlikely to follow pathway because it infest only the flowering stage (THDOA, 2004a).

####### ^9^This species is considered unlikely to follow the pathway because it is unlikely to survive washing and other packing house procedures (THDOA, 2004a).

####### ^10^Species likely restricted to grasses (CABI, 2003).

^11^Postharvest pest (CABI, 2003).

^12^ *Pseudococcus cryptus* was intercepted 3 times (1997, 1998 and
2000) on fruit found in baggage (PIN309, 2003); no further evidence that
the pest occurs in Thailand or that rambutan is a host (Scalenet, 2003;
CABI, 2003). Primarily a pest of citrus and coffee, and it also infests
citrus roots and the aerial parts of the host plants (Scalenet, 2003).

####### ^13^This species not found on mature fruit (Kuroko & Lewvanich, 1993).

^14^The stink bug is a large active insect which feeds on the fruit
(CABI, 2003) and is unlikely to remain with rambutan after processing
(THDOA, 2004a).

^15^Sooty mold fungi generally are considered minor leaf pathogens that
grow superficially on plant tissue (Agrios, 1997). *Meliola nephelii*
Sacc. var. *singalensi* (Hansf.) is fungi will follow the pathway
because fruit is surfaced disinfested as part of the bacterial control
measures, and these fungi are likely to be washed off during these
packing house procedures (THDOA, 2004b).

^16^Restricted to leaves, flowers and young fruit (CABI, 2003).

^17^Information for *Thysanofiorinia nephelii* (Maskell) is based on
PIN309 data. The pest is listed as occurring in Thailand (Scalenet,
2003), but there is no evidence that rambutan is a host (Scalenet,
2003).

^18^Although Scalenet (Scalenet, 2003) lists *Pseudaonidia
trilobitiformis* as occurring in Thailand, there is no evidence that
rambutan is a host (Scalenet, 2003 ; CABI, 2003). Only one interception
from Thailand found in baggage which is questionable (APHIS PIN309,
2003).

**Table E4:** Quarantine Pests Likely to Follow the Pathway on
*Nephelium lappaceum* L. (rambutan)

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Arthropods**                    | [Pseudococcidae]{.underline}      |
|                                   |                                   |
| [Diptera]{.underline}             | *Cataenococus hispidus*           |
|                                   | (Morrison)                        |
| [Tephritidae]{.underline}         |                                   |
|                                   | *Dysmiccoccus neobrevipes*        |
| *Bactrocera dorsalis* (Hendel)    |                                   |
|                                   | (Beardsley)                       |
| *Bactrocera papayae* (Drew)       |                                   |
|                                   | *Maconellicoccus hirsutus*        |
| [Hemiptera/Homoptera]{.underline} | (Green)                           |
|                                   |                                   |
| [Coccidae]{.underline}            | *Paracoccus interceptus* Lit      |
|                                   |                                   |
| *Ceroplastes rubens* (Morrison)   | *Planococcus lilacinus*           |
|                                   | (Cockerell)                       |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | *Planococcus minor* (Maskell)     |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | [Lepidopdera]{.underline}         |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | [Gracillariidae]{.underline}      |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | *Conopomorpha cramerella*         |
|                                   | (Snellen)                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

**F. Pest List for *Ananas comosus* (pineapple)**

**Table F1:** Weed Potential of *Ananas comosus* (pineapple) without
crowns from Thailand

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Commodity: *Ananas comosus* (pineapple)                               |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 1: *Ananas comosus* is produced in Hawaii.                      |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 2. Is the genus or specie or subspecies or variety listed as a  |
| weed in:                                                              |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Geographical Atlas of World Weeds (Holm *et al.*,    |
| 1979) or World                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution (Holm *et al*., 1997).      |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} World\'s Worst Weeds (Holm *et al*., 1977).          |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Report of the Technical Committee to Evaluate        |
| Noxious Weeds, Exotic                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| Weeds for Federal Noxious Weed (Gunn and Ritchie, 1982).              |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Economically Important Foreign Weeds (Reed, 1977).   |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Weed Science Society of America list (WSSA, 1989).   |
|                                                                       |
| [No]{.underline} Is there any literature reference indicating         |
| weediness (e.g., AGRICOLA,                                            |
|                                                                       |
| CAB, Biological Abstracts, AGRIS; search on \"species name\" combined |
|                                                                       |
| with \"weed\")?                                                       |
|                                                                       |
| Phase 3: [Conclusion]{.underline}: *Ananas comosus* is not listed as  |
| a weed in any of the above references and therefore is not a          |
| significant risk. It is not widely prevalent on the mainland United   |
| States, but commercial productions occur in Hawaii.                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Table F2:** Summary of Pest Interceptions for Pineapple (*Ananas
comosus* (L.) Merr.)

  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
  Pest                    Year of Interception    Locations of
                          (Number of              Interceptions
                          Interceptions)          

  *Dysmicoccus            1992(1)                 Permit cargo
  neobrevipes*                                    

  *Gelechiidae,* Species  1988(1)                 Baggage
  of                                              

  *Planococcus minor*     1993(1)                 Baggage

  *Spodoptera* sp.        1988(1)                 Baggage

  *Tineidae,* Species of  1989(1)                 Baggage
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

\*PIN 309 Data Base

**Table F3:** Pests in Thailand Associated with pineapple (*Ananas
comosus* (L.) Merr. without crowns.

+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Pest**   | **Geo     | *      | **     | **Fo   | **References**  |
|            | graphic** | *Plant | Quaran | llow** |                 |
|            |           | Part** | tine** |        |                 |
|            | *         |        |        | **Pat  |                 |
|            | *Distribu | **A    | **Pes  | hway** |                 |
|            | tion^1^** | ffecte | t^3^** |        |                 |
|            |           | d^2^** |        |        |                 |
+============+===========+========+========+========+=================+
| **A        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| RTHOPODS** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **ACARI**  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Acaridae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH, US    | F      | No     | No     | NZNPPO, 2001;   |
| Tyrophagus |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| putr       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| escentiae* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Schrank)  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Tenui      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| palpidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Dolichot  | TH, US    | L, R   | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| etranychus | (HI)      |        |        |        |                 |
| f          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| loridanus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Banks)    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Order :  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Co         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| leoptera** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Ant        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| hribidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Araecerus | TH, US    | F, S,  | No     | No     | CABI, 2003      |
| fas        |           | R      |        | ^4,11^ |                 |
| ciculatus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (De Greer) |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Myceto     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| phagidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Typhaea   | TH, US    | Sd     | No     | No     | NZNPPO, 2001;   |
| stercorea* |           |        |        | ^4,11^ | CABI, 2003      |
| (Linnaeus) |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Nit        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| idulidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *C         | TH, US    | F      | No     | No^4^  | THDOA. 2004a    |
| arpophilus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| d          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| imidiatus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fabricius) |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *C         | TH, US    | F      | No     | No^4^  | NZNPPO, 2001;   |
| arpophilus |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| obsoletus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Erichson   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Scar       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| abaeidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Adoretus  | TH, US    | L      | Yes    | No^5^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| sinicus*   | (HI)      |        |        |        |                 |
| Burmeister |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Oryctes   | TH        | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| r          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| hinoceros* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Linnaeus) |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Order :  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Diptera**  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Muscidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH, US    | L, S   | No     | No^6^  | CABI, 2003      |
| Atherigona |           |        |        |        |                 |
| o          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rientalis* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Schiner    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family:  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Tep        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| hritidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH        | F      | Yes    | No^8^  | NZNPPO, 2001;   |
| Bactrocera |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| dorsalis*  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Hendel)   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH        | F      | Yes    | No^8^  | NZNPPO, 2001;   |
| Bactrocera |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| c          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ucurbitae* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Coquillett |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Order :  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Hemiptera  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Ho        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| moptera)** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| A          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| phididae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Rho       | TH, US    | S, R   | No     | No     | NZNPPO, 2001;   |
| palosiphum |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| rufiab     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| dominalis* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Sasaki,   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| 1899)      |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Coreidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *L         | TH        | L, S   | Yes    | N      | CABI, 2003      |
| eptocorisa |           |        |        | o^5,7^ |                 |
| acuta*     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Thurnberg  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Coccidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Coccus    | TH, US    | L, S   | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| h          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| esperidum* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Linnaeus   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| 1758       |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Coccus    | TH, US    | F,L,S  | \      | Yes    | CABI, 2003;     |
| viridis*   | (FL, HI)  |        | [Yes\] |        | Scalenet, 2003  |
| Green      |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Par       | TH, US    | L      | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| asaissetia |           |        |        |        |                 |
| nigra*     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Nietner)  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Dia        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| spididae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| Aonidiella |           | S      |        |        |                 |
| aurantii*  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Maskell    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| Aspidiotus |           | S      |        |        |                 |
| d          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| estructor* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Signoret   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Unaspis   | TH, US    | F, L   | No     | No^4^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| citri*     | (CA, FL,  |        |        |        |                 |
| (Comstock) | GA, LA)   |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Pseudo     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| coccidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *D         | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| ysmicoccus | (CA, FL,  | R      |        |        |                 |
| brevipes*  | HI, LA)   |        |        |        |                 |
| (          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Cockerell) |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *D         | TH, US    | F, L   | \      | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| ysmicoccus | (FL, HI)  |        | [Yes\] |        |                 |
| ne         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| obrevipes* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Beardsley  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ferrisia  | TH, US    | F, L   | No     | No^5^  | CABI, 2003      |
| virgata*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Cockerell  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Geococcus | TH, US    | R      | \      | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| coffeae*   | (FL)      |        | [Yes\] |        |                 |
| Green      |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *P         | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| lanococcus |           | R      |        |        |                 |
| citri*     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Risso)    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *P         | TH        | F      | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a;   |
| lanococcus |           |        |        |        | PPQ             |
| minor*     |           |        |        |        | Interception    |
| (Maskell)  |           |        |        |        | (PIN309, 2003)  |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ps        | TH, US    | F, L   | No     | No^5^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| eudococcus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| jackb      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| eardsleyi* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Gimpel and |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Miller     |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ps        | TH, US    | F, I,  | No     | No^5^  | NZNPPO, 2001;   |
| eudococcus |           | L, S   |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| lo         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ngispinus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Targioni   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Rhizoecus | TH, US    | F, L   | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| a          | (FL)      |        |        |        |                 |
| mericanus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Hambleton  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Sacc      | TH, US    | L, R   | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| haricoccus | (HI, TX)  |        |        |        |                 |
| sacchari*  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Cockerell) |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Order :  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Hym        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| enoptera** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fo         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rmicidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | No^5^  | NZNPPO, 2001;   |
| Monomorium |           | R      |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| minimum*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Buckley    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *M         | TH        | F, L,  | Yes    | No^9^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| onomorium* |           | R      |        |        |                 |
| sp.        |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Odo       | TH        | F, L,  | Yes    | No^9^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| ntoponera* |           | R      |        |        |                 |
| sp.        |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Pa        | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| ratrechina |           | R      |        |        |                 |
| lon        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| gicornis,* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Latreille  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Par       | TH        | F, L,  | Yes    | No^9^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| atrechina* |           | R      |        |        |                 |
| sp.        |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Pheidole* | TH        | F, L,  | Yes    | No^9^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| sp.        |           | R      |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *S         | TH        | F, L,  | Yes    | No^9^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| olenopsis* |           | R      |        |        |                 |
| sp.        |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Order :  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Isoptera** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Rhinote    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rmitidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *C         | TH, US    | S      | No     | No^5^  | CABI, 2003;     |
| optotermes |           |        |        |        | Lenz, *et al*., |
| acin       |           |        |        |        | 1998            |
| aciformis* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Froggatt   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Order :  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Lep        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| idoptera** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Cosmopt    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| erigidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *P         | TH, US    | F      | No     | No^4^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| yroderces* | (HI, GA)  |        |        |        |                 |
| *rileyi*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (W         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| alsingham) |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Lim        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| acodidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Parasa    | TH        | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| lepida*    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Cramer)   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| N          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| octuidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Eudocima  | TH, US    | F      | Yes    | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| fullonia*  | (HI)      |        |        | ^4,10^ |                 |
| (Clerck)   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *S         | TH        | F      | Yes    | Yes    | PPQ             |
| podoptera* |           |        |        |        | interception    |
| sp.        |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family:  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Tineidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Opogona   | TH, US    | I, L,  | No     | Yes    | PPQ             |
| sacchari*  | (FL, HI)  | S      |        |        | Interception;   |
| Bojer      |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003.     |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Order:   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Or         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| thoptera** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| A          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| crididae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Sten      | TH        | L      | Yes    | No^7^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| ocatantops |           |        |        |        |                 |
| splendens* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Thunberg) |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Valanga   | TH        | L      | Yes    | No^7^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| ni         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| gricornis* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (B         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| urmeister) |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Order :  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Thys       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| anoptera** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| Family :   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Phlae      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| othripidae |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *H         | TH, US    | I, F   | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| aplothrips |           |        |        |        |                 |
| gowdeyi*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Framklin   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Family : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| T          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| hripidae** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Fra       | TH, US    | I, L   | No     | Yes    | CABI, 2003      |
| nkliniella |           |        |        |        |                 |
| occ        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| identalis* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Pergande   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Fra       | TH, US    | I, F,  | \      | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| nkliniella | (FL, HI)  | L      | [Yes\] |        |                 |
| schultzei* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Trybom)   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Thrips    | TH, US    | I, F,  | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| ha         |           | L      |        |        |                 |
| waiiensis* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Morgan)   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Thrips*   | TH, US    | Fl, F, | No     | No^5^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| *tabaci*   |           | L      |        |        |                 |
| Lindeman   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Bacteria** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *A         | TH, US    | F      | No     | Yes    | THDOA. 2004a    |
| cetobacter |           |        |        |        |                 |
| p          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| eroxydans* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Vissert    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Hooft      |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Alphaprote |           |        |        |        |                 |
| obacteria: |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Rhodospi   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rillales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Erwinia   | TH, US    | F      | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| chr        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ysanthemi* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Burkholder |           |        |        |        |                 |
| et al.     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Gammaprote |           |        |        |        |                 |
| obacteria: |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Enteroba   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| cterials\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Erwinia   | TH, US    | F      | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| herbicola* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| va         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| r.*ananas* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Serrano)  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Dye        |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Gammaprote |           |        |        |        |                 |
| obacteria: |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Enteroba   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| cterials\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Fungi**  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *A         | TH        | F      | No     | No^4^  | CABI 2003;      |
| lternaria* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| sp.        |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH, US    | F      | No     | No^4^  | CABI 2003;      |
| Alternaria |           |        |        |        |                 |
| alternata* |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Athelia   | TH, US    | F, I,  | No     | Yes    | CABI, 2003      |
| rolfsii*   |           | L, R,  |        |        |                 |
| Curzi      |           | S      |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *(         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *anamorph= |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Sclerotium |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rolfsii)*  |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Basidi   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes ; |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Poriales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Botr      | TH,US     | F, I,  | No     | Yes    | Pitt, *et al*., |
| yodiplodia |           | L, R,  |        |        | 1994 ; CABI,    |
| theobromae |           | S      |        |        | 2003;           |
| =(Bra      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| chysporium |           |        |        |        |                 |
| a          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| nanassae)* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Pat.)     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Griffiths  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| & Maul.    |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Brac      | TH        | L      | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| hysporium* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| sp.        |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ce        | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | No^4^  | NZNPPO, 2001 ;  |
| ratocystis |           | R, S   |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| fimbriata* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Ellis &    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Halst.     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| **         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[**Basidi |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Micr       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| oascales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Chalara   | TH, US    | F, I,  | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| paradoxa*  |           | L, R,  |        |        |                 |
| (De Seyn.) |           | S      |        |        |                 |
| Sacc. =    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *Thi       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| elaviopsis |           |        |        |        |                 |
| paradoxa*  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (De Seyn.) |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Hohn       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (telemorph |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *Ce        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ratocystis |           |        |        |        |                 |
| paradoxa*  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Dade) C.  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Moreau     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| **         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[**Basidi |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Micr       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| oascales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Cl        | TH        | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | Niyom, *et      |
| adosporium |           |        |        |        | al*., 1999;     |
| oxysporum* |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Co        | TH        | L      | Yes    | No^4^  | NZNPPO, 2001.   |
| chliobolus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| era        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| grostidis* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Tsuda &    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Ueyama     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| anamorph : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Curvularia |           |        |        |        |                 |
| eragr      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ostidis*\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Asc      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Dot        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| hideales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Co        | TH, US    | I, L   | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003;     |
| chliobolus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| lunatus*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (R.R.      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Nelson &   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Haasis)    |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Asc      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Dot        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| hideales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Coll      | TH, US    | F, I,  | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003;     |
| etotrichum |           | L, S   |        |        |                 |
| capsici*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Syd) E.J. |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Butler     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Coll      | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | No^4^  | CABI 2003       |
| etotrichum |           | R, S   |        |        |                 |
| gloeosp    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| orioide**s |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| **(Stonem) |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Spauld. &  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Schrenk    |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Tele       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omorphic : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Glomerella |           |        |        |        |                 |
| cingulata* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Stonem.)  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Spauld. &  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Schrenk    |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Asc      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Phylla     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| chorales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *C         | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | No^4^  | SBML, 2003;     |
| orynespora |           | S      |        |        | Sangchote, *et  |
| c          |           |        |        |        | al.*, 2003      |
| assiicola* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Berk. &   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Curtis)    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Weir       |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH, US    | F, L   | No     | Yes    | CABI, 2003      |
| Curvularia |           |        |        |        |                 |
| lunata*    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| R.R.       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Nelson &   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Haasis     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Diplodia* | TH        | L      | Yes    | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| sp.        |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *E         | TH, US    | L, S   | No     | No^4^  | Rohrbach and    |
| rythricium |           |        |        |        | Schmitt, 2003.  |
| sal        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| monicolor* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Berk. &    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Broome     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Basidi   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| S          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| tereales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Fusarium  | TH,US     | F, I,  | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| mo         |           | L, R,  |        |        |                 |
| niliforme* |           | S      |        |        |                 |
| Sheldon    |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Tele       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omorphic : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Gibberella |           |        |        |        |                 |
| fujikuroi* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Sawada)   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| S. Ito     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Asc      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Hyp        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ocreales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Fusarium  | TH, US    | L      | No     | Yes    | Taechowisan and |
| oxysporum* |           |        |        |        | Lumyong, 2003 ; |
| Schl       |           |        |        |        | Manoch, *et     |
| echtendahl |           |        |        |        | al*., 1999.     |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *He        | TH, US    | F, L   | No     | No^4^  | Kotrajaras, *et |
| ndersonula |           |        |        |        | al*., 1988 ;    |
| t          |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| oruloidea* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Syd. & P. |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Syd) B.    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Sutton &   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Dyko       |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Las       | TH, US    | F, I,  | No     | Yes    | Pitt, *et al*., |
| iodiplodia |           | L, R,  |        |        | 1994 ; CABI,    |
| t          |           | S      |        |        | 2003            |
| heobromae* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Pat.)     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Griffiths  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| & Maubl.   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *M         | TH, US    | F, L   | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| yrothecium |           |        |        |        |                 |
| roridum*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Tode       |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *P         | TH, US    | F      | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| enicillium |           |        |        |        |                 |
| fu         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| niculosum* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Thom       |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *P         | TH,US     | F, L   | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| enicillium |           |        |        |        |                 |
| p          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| inophilum* |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ph        | TH, US    | F, R   | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| ytophthora |           |        |        |        |                 |
| cinnamomi* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Rands      |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ph        | TH, US    | F      | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| ytophthora |           |        |        |        |                 |
| cit        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rophthora* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (R.N. Sm.  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| & E. Sm.)  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Leonian    |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ph        | TH        | L, S   | Yes    | No^4^  | NZNPPO, 2001 ;  |
| ytophthora |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| d          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rechsleri* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Kannaiyan  |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ph        | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | Yes    | CABI, 2003      |
| ytophthora |           | R, S   |        |        |                 |
| meadii*    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| McRae      |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *P         | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| hytopthora |           | R, S   |        |        |                 |
| n          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| icotianae* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Breda de   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Haan var.  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| parasitia* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Dastur)   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| G.M.       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| W          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ater-house |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| =          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *Ph        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ytophthora |           |        |        |        |                 |
| p          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| arasitica* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Dastur     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ph        | TH, US    | F, I,  | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| ytophthora |           | L, R,  |        |        |                 |
| palmivora* |           | S      |        |        |                 |
| (Butler)   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Butler     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Ph        | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | Yes    | CABI, 2003;     |
| ytophthora |           | R, S   |        |        | SBML, 2003      |
| p          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| arasitica* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Breda de   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Haan       |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Pythium   | TH, US    | R      | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| aphan      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| idermatum* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Edson)    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fitzp.     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Pythium   | TH, US    | R      | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| arr        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| henomanes* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Edson      |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Pythium   | TH, US    | F, R   | No     | No^4^  | THDOA, 2004a    |
| butleri*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| S          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ubramanian |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Phythium  | TH, US    | S, R   | No     | No     | NZNPPO, 2001 ;  |
| splendens* |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| Braun      |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Pythium   | TH, US    | F, L,  | No     | Yes    | CABI 2003       |
| vexans* de |           | R      |        |        |                 |
| Barry      |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[O        |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| P          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ythiales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Rhizopus  | TH, US    | F      | No     | No^4^  | NZNPPO, 2001 ;  |
| s          | (FL, CA)  |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| tolonifer* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Ehrenb.    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| =*Rhizopus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| nigricans* |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Zyg      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| omycetes : |           |        |        |        |                 |
| M          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ucorales\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *T         | TH, US    | F      | No     | No^4^  | NZNPPO, 2001 ;  |
| richoderma |           |        |        |        | Lopez-Franco,   |
| viride*    |           |        |        |        | *et al*. 1994 ; |
|            |           |        |        |        | Kimura, 1991.   |
| \[         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Mitosporic |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Fungi\]    |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Nematode** |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Aphe      | TH        | R      | Yes    | No     | Anon., 1998;    |
| lenchoides |           |        |        |        | Karnkowski,     |
| fragariae* |           |        |        |        | 1999.           |
| Christie   |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *A         | TH        | R      | Yes    | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| phelenchus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| eremitus*  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Thorne     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Aphelenc |           |        |        |        |                 |
| hoididae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Cri       | TH        | R      | Yes    | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| conemoides |           |        |        |        |                 |
| curvatum*  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Butschli   |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Cricon   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ematidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Helic     | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | CABI 2003       |
| otylenchus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| dihystera* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Cobb)     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Sher       |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Hoplo    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| laimidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Helic     | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| otylenchus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| e          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rythrinae* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Z         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| immermann) |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Golden     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Hoplo    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| laimidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Helic     | TH,US     | R      | \      | No     | Ratanaprapa and |
| otylenchus | (AL, CA,  |        | [Yes\] |        | Boonduang,      |
| mul        | FL, HI,   |        |        |        | 1975.           |
| ticinctus* | MD, MA,   |        |        |        |                 |
| (Cobb)     | NJ)       |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Hoplo    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| laimidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Helic     | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | CABI, 2003.     |
| otylenchus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| pseud      |           |        |        |        |                 |
| orobustus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Steiner)  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Golden     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Hoplo    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| laimidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Hemicri   | TH, US    | R      | \      | No     | CABI 2003       |
| conemoides |           |        | [Yes\] |        |                 |
| m          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| angiferae* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Siddiqi    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Crico     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| nematidae) |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Cricon   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ematidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *H         | TH        | R      | Yes    | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| oplolaimus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| se         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| inhorstri* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Luc.       |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Hoplo    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| laimidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH, US    | R      | No     | No^4^  | CABI, 2003      |
| Longidorus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| l          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ongidorus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (M         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| icoletzky) |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Filipjev   |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Long     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| idoridae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *M         | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| eloidogyne |           |        |        |        |                 |
| javanica*  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Treub)    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Chitwood   |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Meloid   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ogynidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *M         | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| eloidogyne |           |        |        |        |                 |
| incognita* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Kofoid &  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| White)     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Chitwood   |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Meloid   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| ogynidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Para      | TH        | R      | Yes    | No     | Toida, *et      |
| tylenchus* |           |        |        |        | al*., 1996 ;    |
| sp.        |           |        |        |        | Mizukubo, *et   |
|            |           |        |        |        | al*., 1990.     |
| \[Pratyl   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| enchidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Par       | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | THDOA, 2004a.   |
| atylenchus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| b          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rachyurus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Godfrey)  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Filipjev & |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Schurmans  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| -Stekhoven |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Pratyl   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| enchidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Pr        | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | Rohrback, 1983; |
| atylenchus |           |        |        |        | CABI, 2003      |
| coffeae*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Z         |           |        |        |        |                 |
| immermann) |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Filipjev & |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Schuurmans |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Steckhoven |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Pratyl   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| enchidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *          | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | CABI, 2003      |
| Radopholus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| similis*   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| (Cobb)     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Thorne     |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Pratyl   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| enchidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Rot       | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| ylenchulus |           |        |        |        |                 |
| r          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| eniformis* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Linford &  |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Oliveira   |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Hoplo    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| laimidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Sc        | TH        | R      | Yes    | No     | Ratanaprapa and |
| utellonema |           |        |        |        | Boonduang, 1975 |
| clathr     |           |        |        |        |                 |
| icaudatum* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Whitehead  |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Hoplo    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| laimidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Sc        | TH, US    | R      | No     | No     | CABI, 2003      |
| utellonema |           |        |        |        |                 |
| b          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| rachyurus* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Steiner    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| 1938       |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Hoplo    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| laimidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Sc        | TH        | R      | Yes    | No     | Ratanasprapa    |
| utellonema |           |        |        |        | and Boonduang,  |
| siamense*  |           |        |        |        | 1975            |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[Hoplo    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| laimidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| *Tylenchus | TH        | R      | Yes    | No     | THDOA, 2004a    |
| f          |           |        |        |        |                 |
| iliformis* |           |        |        |        |                 |
| Butschli   |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| \[An       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| guinidae\] |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| **Virus**  |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| Pineapple  | TH, US    | L      | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| mealybug   |           |        |        |        |                 |
| wilt       |           |        |        |        |                 |
| associated |           |        |        |        |                 |
| virus      |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+
| Pineapple  | TH, US    | L      | No     | Yes    | THDOA, 2004a    |
| yellow     | (FL, HI)  |        |        |        |                 |
| spot virus |           |        |        |        |                 |
|            |           |        |        |        |                 |
| *=* Tomato |           |        |        |        |                 |
| spotted    |           |        |        |        |                 |
| wilt virus |           |        |        |        |                 |
+------------+-----------+--------+--------+--------+-----------------+

^1^Distribution Distribution : TH = Thailand, US = United States of
America, (specific states are listed only if distribution is limited):
CA=California; FL = Florida, GA=Georgia; HI = Hawaii, LA=Louisiana;
MD=Maryland; NJ=New Jersey; TX = Texas,

^2^Plant parts: F = Fruit; I = Incandescent, Flower; L = Leaf; R = Root;
Sd = Seed

^3^Pests and pathogens that do not meet the FAO/IPPC definition of a
quarantine pest because they are in the United States and are not under
official control (as defined by FAO). According to the National
Identification Service, thest organisms are treated as actionable and
reportable in PIN-309 as quarantine pests. These pests are in brackets,
\[ \].

^4^Pest is present in Thailand but not known to attack or associate with
*Ananas comosus* (pineapple) (THDOA, 2004b).

^5^Based on intensive surveys, there is no record of this pest in
Thailand (THDOA, 2004b).

^6^This species is considered unlikely to follow the pathway because it
infests only over-ripe and/or decayed fruit (THDOA, 2004b).

^7^This species is a highly mobile mature adult which feeds on the
fruit; it is a large active pest and minimal processing of the commodity
would likely remove it prior to shipment (THDOA, 2004b).

^8^This species is considered unlikely to follow the pathway because it
does not attack pineapple when the fruit is less than 50% ripe. The
harvesting index for pineapple is less than 50% ripe (THDOA, 2004b);
fruit flies do not attack and oviposit on pineapple less than 50% ripe
(Armstrong and Vargas, 1982; Armstrong, *et al*., 1979).

^9^Ants, as alert, active insects (Holledobler and Wilson, 1990), are
unlikely to remain with the commodity through harvest and processing.

^10^Adults feed on fruit (CABI, 2003), and are unlikely to remain with
the commodity through harvest and processing.

^11^Stored product pests, namely on seeds (CABI, 2003).

**Table F4:** Quarantine Pests Likely to Follow the Pathway on *Ananas
comosus* (pineapple) from Thailand.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Arthropoda:**                                                       |
|                                                                       |
| [Coccidae:]{.underline}                                               |
|                                                                       |
| *Coccus viridis* (Green)                                              |
|                                                                       |
| [Pseudococcidae:]{.underline}                                         |
|                                                                       |
| *Dysmicoccus neobrevipes* (Beardsley)                                 |
|                                                                       |
| *Planococcus minor* (Maskell)                                         |
|                                                                       |
| [Thysanoptera:]{.underline}                                           |
|                                                                       |
| [Thripidae]{.underline}                                               |
|                                                                       |
| *Frankliniella schultzei*                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**Summary Findings**

The following table identifies pests from each list that are candidates
for mitigation measures.

**Table G1: Summary list of potential quarantine pests of Thai fruits
(indicated by "X")**

+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Pests**      | **    | **Ly | **M  | **      | **P    | **Rambu |
|                | Longa | chee | ango | Mangost | ineapp | tan\*** |
|                | n\*** | \*** | \*** | een\*** | le\*** |         |
+================+=======+======+======+=========+========+=========+
| **ARTHROPODS** |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Order:       |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Diptera**      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Family:      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Tephrididae**  |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Bactrocera    |       |      | X    | X       |        |         |
| carambolae*    |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Bactrocera    |       | X    | X    |         |        |         |
| cucurbitae*    |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Bactrocera    | X     |      | X    | X       |        |         |
| correcta*      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Bactrocera    | X     | X    | X    | X       |        | X       |
| dorsalis*      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Bactrocera    |       |      | X    |         |        | X       |
| papayae*       |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Bactrocera    |       |      | X    |         |        |         |
| tuberculata*   |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Bactrocera    |       |      | X    |         |        |         |
| zonata*        |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
|                |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Order:       |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Hemipte        |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| ra/Homoptera** |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Family:      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Coccidae**     |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Ceroplastes   | X     | X    | X    |         |        | X       |
| rubens*        |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Coccus        |       | X    | X    | X       | X      |         |
| viridis*       |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Drepanococcus | X     |      |      |         |        |         |
| chiton*        |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
|                |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Family:      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Diaspididae**  |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Aulacaspis    |       |      | X    |         |        |         |
| tubercularis*  |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Pseudaonidia  |       |      | X    | X       |        |         |
| tr             |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| ilobitiformis* |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
|                |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Family:      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Ps             |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| eudococcidae** |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Cataenococcus |       |      |      | X       |        | X       |
| hispidus*      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Dymicoccus    | X     | X    | X    | X       | X      | X       |
| neobrevipes*   |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *M             | X     |      | X    |         |        | X       |
| aconellicoccus |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| hirsutus*      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Nipaecoccus   |       |      | X    |         |        |         |
| viridis*       |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Paracoccus    |       |      |      | X       |        |         |
| interceptus*   |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Planococcus   | X     | X    | X    | X       |        | X       |
| lilacinus*     |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Planococcus   | X     | X    | X    | X       | X      | X       |
| minor*         |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Pseudococcus  |       |      |      | X       |        |         |
| cryptus*       |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Rastrococcus  |       |      | X    |         |        |         |
| spinosus*      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
|                |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Order:       |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Coleoptera**   |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Family:      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| C              |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| urculionidae** |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Sternochetus  |       |      | X    |         |        |         |
| frigidus*      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Sternochetus  |       |      | X    |         |        |         |
| mangiferae*    |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Sternochetus  |       |      | X    |         |        |         |
| olivieri*      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
|                |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Order:       |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Lepidoptera**  |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Family:      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Gr             |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| acillariidae** |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Conopomorpha  |       |      |      |         |        | X       |
| cramerella*    |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Conopomorpha  | X     | X    |      |         |        |         |
| sinensis*      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Family:      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Lycaenidae**   |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Deudorix      | X     | X    |      |         |        |         |
| epijarbas*     |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Family:      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Tortricidae**  |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Cryptophlebia | X     | X    |      |         |        |         |
| ombrodelta*    |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
|                |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Order:       |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Thysanoptera** |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **Family:      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Thripidae**    |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Frankliniella |       |      |      |         | X      |         |
| schultzei*     |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
|                |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| **FUNGI**      |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *              |       | X    |      |         |        |         |
| Peronophythora |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| litchi*        |       |      |      |         |        |         |
|                |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| \[Pythailes :  |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| Pythiaceae\]   |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+
| *Phomosis      |       |      | X    |         |        |         |
| mangiferae*    |       |      |      |         |        |         |
|                |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| \[Mitosporic   |       |      |      |         |        |         |
| fungi\]        |       |      |      |         |        |         |
+----------------+-------+------+------+---------+--------+---------+

**Mitigation**

**Arthropods:**

The APHIS-approved generic minimum irradiation dose of 400Gy is
effective for all arthropod pests except pupae and larvae of
Lepidoptera. Lepidopteran pests found to be associated with lychee,
longan, and rambutan are: ***Conopomorpha cramerella, Conopomorpha
sinensis, Deudorix epijarbas,*** and ***Cryptophlebia ombrodelta***. In
each instance, the life stages of concern (associated with the fruit as
a pathway) are the eggs and larvae. The generic irradiation treatment is
therefore a valid treatment for these pests as well.

**Pathogens:**

Commercial lychee production areas where ***Peronophythora litchii*** is
present will generally require field treatments to reduce fruit drop
when the disease is active. Most infected fruit will be culled because
trained harvesters, packinghouse personnel, and plant quarantine
inspectors can easily detect the distinctive signs of the disease on
fruit. Infected, non-symptomatic fruit may go undetected, but the
likelihood of introduction via the few fruit that may escape detection
is very low. It is highly unlikely that market fruit will ever be in a
situation to introduce the disease because free water is required for
the spores to move and infect. A situation where spores would be washed
from market fruit on to plants in the field is perhaps possible but not
probable. Therefore no measures are recommended for this pathogen except
certification for freedom based on inspection.

The signs and symptoms of ***Phomopsis mangiferae*** are also likely to
be detected at harvest, and during packing and inspection. However,
latent infections may evade detection, and the use of post-harvest
storage conditions, which slow symptom expression may lead to increased
numbers of infected fruit not being detected.

If infected fruit is consumed and the seed is discarded as waste, then
infected fruit is not a pathway because dispersal assumes the infected
seed is subsequently used in mango production. Discarded fruit however
are likely to create a possible source of inoculum that could provide
the means for introduction, but spores must be dispersed from discarded
fruit into mango orchards at a time when susceptible tissue is
available. The likelihood that infected mangoes will reach these
habitats is very low because the portion of the total number of mango
shipments expected to be transported to mango producing areas in
California, Florida, Hawaii or Texas is expected to be small and the
likelihood of fruit being discarded in mango orchards at an appropriate
time is likewise very low. For this reason, no measures are recommended
for this pathogen except certification for freedom based on inspection.

.

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