**IEEE COPYRIGHT FORM**

The IEEE has developed this form with great care and with the best
interests of its members and contributing authors in mind. Therefore, in
order to maintain uniform treatment among all contributors, other forms
may not be substituted for this form, nor may any wording of this form
be changed. This form is intended for original unpublished material
submitted to IEEE. This form, when completed, must accompany any such
material in order to be published by IEEE. Please read it carefully and
keep a copy of it for your files.

**TITLE OF PAPER (hereinafter, \"the work\"):**

**AUTHOR(S):**

**PUBLICATION TITLE:**

**PART A --- COPYRIGHT TRANSFER FORM**

(U.S. Government employees whose work is not subject to U.S. copyright
should so certify by signing Part B overleaf. Authors of works subject
to Crown Copyright should sign Part C overleaf)

The undersigned hereby assigns all copyright rights in and to the above
work to The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (the
\"IEEE\"). The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the work
is original and that he/she is the author of the work, except possibly
for material such as text passages, figures, and data that clearly
identify the original source, with permission notices from the copyright
owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the
power and authority to make and execute this assignment.

In return for these rights, the IEEE recognizes the retained rights
noted in Items 1 and 4 below, and grants to the above authors and
employers for whom the work may have been performed a royalty‑free
license to use the material as noted in Items 2 and 3. Item 5 stipulates
that authors and employers must seek permission to republish in cases
not covered by Items 2, 3, and 4.

1\. Employers (or authors) retain all proprietary rights in any process,
procedure, or article of manufacture described in the work.

2\. Authors/employers may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the
above work, material extracted verbatim from the above work, or
derivative works for the author\'s personal use or for company use
provided that the source and the IEEE copyright notice are indicated,
that the copies are not used in any way that implies IEEE endorsement of
a product or service of an employer, and that the copies themselves are
not offered for sale. (See \"Author/Company Rights\" overleaf.)

3\. Authors/employers may make limited distribution of all or portions
of the above work prior to publication if they inform the IEEE of the
nature and extent of such limited distribution prior thereto.

4\. In the case of work performed under a U.S. Government contract or
grant, IEEE recognizes that the U.S. Government has royalty‑free
permission to reproduce all or portions of the above work, and to
authorize others to do so, for official U.S. Government purposes only,
if the contract/grant so requires. Appropriate documentation may be
attached, but IEEE\'s Copyright Form MUST BE SIGNED.

5\. For all circumstances not covered by Items 2, 3, and 4,
authors/employers must request permission from the IEEE Copyrights
Office to reproduce or authorize the reproduction of the work or
material extracted verbatim from the work, including figures and tables.

Please note that, although authors are permitted to reuse all or
portions of their IEEE‑copyrighted material in other works, this does
not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing,
or other types of reuse. All third-party requests must be handled by the
IEEE Copyrights Office.

In the event the above work is not accepted and published by the IEEE or
is withdrawn by the author(s) before acceptance by the IEEE, this
agreement becomes null and void.

AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE TITLE

EMPLOYER FOR WHOM WORK WAS CREATED (if applicable) DATE

***JOINT AUTHORSHIP***

For jointly authored works, all the joint authors should sign, or one of
the authors should sign as an authorized agent for the others. In the
case of multiple authorship where one or more authors are Government
employees but at least one author is not, the non‑Government author
should sign Part A of this copyright transfer form.

***Rev. 6/97***

**PART B --- U.S. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE CERTIFICATION**

Authors who are U.S. Government employees are not required to sign Part
A of the IEEE Copyright Form, but any coauthors outside the U.S.
Government are required to sign Part A (see JOINT AUTHORSHIP overleaf).
Authors whose work was performed under a U.S. Government contract or
grant, but who are not Government employees, are required to sign Part A
of this form. (Note: If your work was performed under U.S. Government
contract but you are not a U.S. Government employee, sign Part A of this
form and see item 4).

This will certify that all authors of the work are employees of the U.S.
Government and performed this work as part of their official duties and
that the work is therefore not subject to U.S. copyright protection.

AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE TITLE

NAME OF GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION DATE

**PART C --- CROWN COPYRIGHT**

**Authors who are employees of the British Government (or a British
Commonwealth Government) and whose works are subject to Crown Copyright
may sign Part C. IEEE recognizes and will honor Crown Copyright as it
does U.S. Copyright. It is understood that, in asserting Crown
Copyright, IEEE in no way diminishes its rights as publisher. Sign only
if ALL authors are subject to Crown Copyright.**

**This will certify that all authors of the work are subject to Crown
Copyright. (Appropriate documentation and instructions regarding wording
of Crown Copyright notice may be attached.)**

AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE TITLE

NAME OF GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION DATE

***Notes and Information for Authors and Their Employers***

***IEEE POLICY***

In connection with its publishing activities, it is the formal policy of
the IEEE to own the copyrights to all copyrightable material in its
technical publications and to the individual contributions contained
therein, in order to protect the interests of the IEEE, its authors and
their employers, and, at the same time, to facilitate the appropriate
reuse of this material by others. The IEEE distributes its technical
publications throughout the world and does so by various means such as
hard copy, microfiche, microfilm, and electronic media. It also
abstracts and may translate its publications, and articles contained
therein, for inclusion in various compendiums and similar publications,
etc. When an article is submitted to the IEEE for publication, the IEEE
understands that its acceptance of the article implies that IEEE has the
rights to do all of the things it normally does with such an article.

**IEEE Policy 6.17 --- CLEARANCE OF PAPERS** *---* applies to all
material submitted to IEEE: \"The IEEE must of necessity assume that
material presented at its meetings or submitted to its publications is
properly available for general dissemination to the audiences these
activities are organized to serve. It is the responsibility of the
authors, not the IEEE, to determine whether disclosure of their material
requires the prior consent of other parties and, if so, to obtain it.\"

Furthermore, if an author uses within his/her article material that has
been previously published and/or is copyrighted by another party, the
IEEE must assume that permission has been obtained for such use and that
any required credit lines, copyright notices, etc., are duly noted.

***IEEE OBLIGATIONS***

In exercising its rights under copyright, the IEEE will make all
reasonable efforts to act in the interests of the authors and employers
as well as in its own interest. In handling third-party requests for
permission to reprint or republish IEEE work, the IEEE requires that 1)
the consent of the first‑named author be sought as a condition in
granting republication (of a full paper) to others; and 2) the consent
of the employer be obtained as a condition in granting permission to
others to reuse all or portions of a paper for promotion or marketing
purposes.

***AUTHOR/COMPANY RIGHTS***

If you are employed and you prepared your paper as a part of your job,
the rights to your paper may rest initially with your employer. In that
case, when you sign the copyright transfer form, we assume you are
authorized to do so by your employer and that your employer has
consented to all the terms and conditions of this form. If not, it
should be signed by someone so authorized. (See also Policy 6.17 above.)

***SPECIAL NOTE TO EMPLOYERS***

Just as the IEEE requires a signed copyright transfer form (for
copyrightable material) in order to do \"business as usual,\" it is the
intent of the transfer portion of the form to return rights to the
author and employer so that they, too, may do \"business as usual.\"

*PLEASE DIRECT ALL QUESTIONS ABOUT IEEE COPYRIGHT POLICY OR THIS FORM
TO:*

Manager, IEEE Copyrights Office, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331,
Piscataway, NJ 08855‑1331. Telephone: (908) 562‑3966.