**STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES**

**TELEDYNE - ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS**

**MODEL 300EU TRACE LEVEL**

**CARBON MONOXIDE INSTRUMENT**

**Version 1.10**

# **Final**

![](media/image1.png){width="1.6583333333333334in"
height="1.6111111111111112in"}

**Section 1.1 Acknowledgments**

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Carbon Monoxide -- Trace
Level is the product of EPA's Office of Air Quality, Planning and
Standards. The following individuals are acknowledged for their
contributions.

**Principal Author**

Dennis K. Mikel, OAQPS-EMAD, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

**Reviewers**

Office of Air Quality, Planning and Standards

Joann Rice, Trace Gas Team Lead, OAQPS-EMAD, Research Triangle Park, NC
27711

Anna Kelly, OAQPS-EMAD, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Keith Kronmiller, Mantech, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

**Comments and questions can be directed to:**

Joann Rice

EPA-OAQPS

Emission, Analysis and Monitoring Division

Mail Drop D243-02

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Email: rice.joann@epa.gov

Phone: (919)-541-3372

**Section 2.0 Table of Contents**

+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| Section                                                    | Page    |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 1.0 Title Page                                             | 1       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 1.  Acknowledgements                                       | 2       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 2.0 Table of Contents                                      | 3       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 2.1 List of Tables and Figures                             | 4       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.0 Procedures                                             | 5       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.1 Scope and Applicability                                | 5       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.2 Summary of Method                                      | 5       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.3 Definitions                                            | 7       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.4 Health and Safety Warnings                             | 7       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.5 Cautions                                               | 7       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.6 Interferences                                          | 8       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.7 Personal Qualifications                                | 8       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.8 Equipment and Supplies                                 | 8       |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9 Procedure                                              | 10      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.1 Sample Collection                                    | 10      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.2 Sample Handling and Preservation                     | 10      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.3 Instrument Operation, Start up and Maintenance       | 10      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.3.1 Start up                                           | 10      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.3.2 Operation and Range Setting                        | 10      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.9.3 Diagnostic Checks/Manual Checks                    | 11      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.3.4 Preventive Maintenance                             | 13      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.3.5 Instrument Troubleshooting                         | 13      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.4 Calibration and Standardization                      | 13      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.4.1 Adjustment to Zero Air                             | 13      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.9.4.2 Adjustment to Calibration Gas                      | 14      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 3.10 Data Analysis and Calculations                        | 14      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 4.0 Quality Control and Quality Assurance                  | 14      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 4.1 Precision                                              | 14      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 4.2 Bias                                                   | 15      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 4.3 Representativeness                                     | 15      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 4.4 Completeness                                           | 15      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 4.5 Comparability                                          | 15      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 4.6 Method Detection Limit                                 | 15      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
| 5.0 References                                             | 17      |
+------------------------------------------------------------+---------+

**List of Tables**

  ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
  Table Name and Number                                        Page

  3-1 Definition of Key Terms                                  7

  3-2 Diagnostic Checks                                        12

  3-3 Preventive Maintenance Schedule for the TAPI 300EU       13

  4-1 Measurement Quality Assurance Objectives                 16

  4-2 Operating Parameters for the TAPI 300EU Trace Gas        17
  Instrument                                                   
  ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------

**List of Figures**

  ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
  Figure Name and Number                                       Page

  3-1 Schema of the Teledyne API 300EU                         9

  A-1 Teledyne API Quality Control and Maintenance Record      18
  ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------

#### STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

**TELEDYNE - ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS**

**MODEL 300EU TRACE LEVEL CARBON MONOXIDE INSTRUMENT**

**3.0 PROCEDURES**

**3.1 Scope and Applicability**

Carbon Monoxide (CO), a colorless, odorless, tasteless, highly poisonous
gas has detrimental effects on human health. Carbon Monoxide originates
from the partial oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels, coal and coke^1^.
Carbon Monoxide affects the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
Carbon Monoxide can diffuse through the alveolar walls of the lungs and
compete with oxygen for one of the four iron sites in the hemoglobin
molecule. The affinity of the iron site for CO is approximately 210
times greater than oxygen^2^. Low levels of CO can cause a number of
symptoms including headache, mental dullness, dizziness, weakness,
nausea, vomiting and loss of muscular control. In extreme cases,
collapse, unconsciousness and death can occur.

The Teledyne -- Advanced Pollution Instruments (TAPI) model 300EU is a
state of the science instrument for the determination of trace levels of
Carbon Monoxide by Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectrophotometry (NDIR)
using Gas Filter Correlation (GFC). This SOP will detail the operation,
preventive maintenance, cautions and health warnings.

The Detection Limit (DL) for non-trace levels of CO is 1.0 parts per
million (ppm) *(Code of Federal Regulations,* Volume 40, Part 53.23c,
or, in the shortened format used hereafter, 40 CFR 53.23c)^3^. However,
the 300EU has a DL to 20 parts per billion (ppb), which is accomplished
by modifications to the Federal Reference Method (FRM) instruments. This
document will discuss the Trace Level (TL) operating procedures in
detail.

**3.2 Summary of Method**

The analytical principle is based on absorption of IR light by the CO
moleculeCO. NDIR-GFC analyzers operate on the principle that CO has a
sufficiently characteristic IR absorption spectrum such that the
absorption of IR by the CO molecule can be used as a measure of CO
concentration in the presence of other gases. Carbon Monoxide absorbs IR
maximally at 2.3 and 4.6 um. Since NDIR is a spectrophotometric method,
it is based upon the Beer-Lambert Law. The degree of reduction depends
on the length of the sample cell, the absorption coefficient, and CO
concentration introduced into the sample cell, as expressed by the
Beer-Lambert law shown below:

T = I/Io = e^(-axC)^ (equation 1)

where:

T = Transmittance of light through the gas to the detector

I = light intensity after absorption by Carbon Monoxide

Io = light intensity at zero Carbon Monoxide concentration

a = specific Carbon Monoxide molar absorption coefficient

x = path length, and

C = Carbon Monoxide concentration

For Gas Filter Correlation, there is only one sample cell. This cell
acts as the sample and reference cell. The broad band of IR radiation is
emitted from an IR source. The IR light passes through a very narrow
band pass filter which screens out most wavelengths and allows only the
wavelength of light that CO absorbs to enter the sample cell. The GFC
analyzer has a chopper wheel with two pure gases: Nitrogen and Carbon
Monoxide. As the chopper wheel rotates and allows the IR energy to enter
"CO side" of the wheel, all IR energy that could be absorbed by CO in
the sample stream is absorbed by the CO in the wheel. This technique
effectively "scrubs out" any light that could possibly be attenuated.
The single detector records the light level (Io). As the wheel spins,
the "N2 side" of the wheel reaches the IR energy beam. This side of the
wheel allows all IR light to pass through the wheel and be absorbed by
any CO that might be in the sample gas. This light level is CO sensitive
(I). The detector records the attenuation of this light, compares the
two light levels (I/Io) and sends a signal to the electrometer board
that calculates the concentration. The voltage is related to the CO
concentration according to the Beer-Lambert law in equation 1 shown
above. Thus, TAPI 300EU can measure CO continuously. The 300EU version
has four distinct features that allow it to measure CO at ppb levels:

-   The sample stream is dried using permeation or Nafion™ Dryer;

-   The analyzer baseline is determined and corrected using heated
    palladium catalytic converter;

-   The baseline is frequently auto-zeroed, at a minimum once per hour,
    through the palladium converter;

-   The instrument has an ultra-sensitive or "hot" detector.

### 

### The 300 EU instrument operates in the following fashion:

###  

### In sample mode, ambient air is allowed to enter through the rear bulkhead sample port. Solenoid #1 is in its Normally Open (NO) mode. The ambient air flows through the solenoid to the permeation dryer, which removes the moisture and water from the sample air stream. 

### The sample stream then passes through a sample filter, which removes particles that can build up on the mirror and sample chamber and attenuate the IR beam. 

### The sample then enters the sample cell. A major difference between a non-TL and TL instrument is the detector. The TL instrument has a detector that is more sensitive to the light emitted and absorbed in the sample cell. This detector must be more sensitive because the amount of attenuation by the CO gas in the sample stream is much lower. Therefore, the detector must be sensitive at lower ambient levels. Temperature of the sample cell is also critical. The sample cell and detector must be maintained at a constant temperature in order for the detector to keep a stable background. Fluctuations of more than 1^o^ Centigrade can cause the baseline to drift, giving false readings at low levels. 

### The detector sends the signal to the demodulator which interprets the signal. The demodulator sends a digital value to the Central Processor Unit (CPU).

### At the end of the hour, the CPU sends a voltage signal to the Solenoid #1 and switches it to the "Normally Closed" (NC) position. This allows room air to be drawn into the instrument and to pass through the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter uses a palladium bed heated to 50^o^ Centrigrade to convert all Carbon Monoxide to Carbon Dioxide (2CO + O~2~ ---\> 2CO~2~). This effectively "scrubs" all CO from the sample stream. The CO "free" air flows through the sample cell and the CPU interprets the signal from the demodulator as the "background" or "baseline" value. The baseline is then adjusted at that time. The baseline adjustment usually takes between 7-10 minutes.

### The CPU then switches Solenoid #1 to its NO position and ambient air then drawn into the analyzer. 

**3.3 Definitions**

Here are some key terms for this method.

**Table 3-1, Definitions of Key Terms**

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  [Term]{.underline}      Definition

  DAS                     Data acquisition system. Used for automatic
                          collection and recording of CO concentrations.

  Interferences           Physical or chemical entities that cause CO
                          measurements to be higher (positive) or lower
                          (negative) than they would be without the
                          entity. (See Section 3.6).
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

**3.4 Health and Safety Warnings**

[To prevent personal injury, please heed these warnings concerning the
300EU.]{.underline}

1.  Carbon Monoxide is a poisonous gas. Vent any CO or calibration span
    gas to the atmosphere rather than into the shelter or other sampling
    area. If this is impossible, limit exposure to CO by getting fresh
    air every 5 to 10 minutes. If the operator experiences light
    headedness, headache or dizziness, leave the area immediately.

2.  The IR source is a filament resistor that has an electrical current
    running through it. The IR source can become very hot. When
    troubleshooting, allow the instrument to cool off especially if you
    suspect the IR source as the cause of trouble.

3.  Always use a third ground wire on all instruments.

4.  Always unplug the analyzer when servicing or replacing parts.

5.  If it is mandatory to work inside an analyzer while it is in
    operation, use extreme caution to avoid contact with high voltages.
    The analyzer has a 110 volt Volts Alternating Current (VAC) power
    supply. Refer to the manufacturer\'s instruction manual and know the
    precise locations of the VAC components before working on the
    instrument.

6.  Avoid electrical contact with jewelry. Remove rings, watches,
    bracelets, and necklaces to prevent electrical bums.

**3.5 Cautions**

[To prevent damage to the 300EU, all cautions should immediately precede
the applicable step in this SOP. The following precautions should be
taken:]{.underline}

1.  Normally, if Teflon™ filters are used in the sample train, cleaning
    the optical bench will not be required. However, in the event that
    the bench is cleaned, be careful to avoid damaging the interior of
    the sample chamber. In addition, some GFC instruments have a series
    of mirrors that deflect the light in order to increase the path
    length. The mirrors are aligned at the factory. If the mirrors
    become misaligned, the IR light beam will not be directed to the
    detector. Use extreme caution when cleaning or servicing the sample
    chamber(s). In addition the mirrors are very fragile. Avoid dropping
    the instrument. This may damage, misalign or crack the mirrors and
    cause expensive repairs.

2.  Keep the interior of the analyzer clean.

3.  Inspect the system regularly for structural integrity.

4.  To prevent major problems with leaks, make sure that all sampling
    lines are reconnected after required checks and before leaving the
    site.

5.  Inspect tubing for cracks and leaks.

6.  It is recommended that the analyzer be leak checked after
    replacement of any pneumatic parts.

7.  If cylinders are used in tandem with Mass Flow Control (MFC)
    calibrators, use and transport is a major concern. Gas cylinders can
    sometimes contain pressures as high as 2000 pounds per square inch
    (psi). Handling of cylinders must be done in a safe manner. If a
    cylinder is accidentally dropped and valve breaks off, the cylinder
    can become explosive or a projectile.

8.  Transportation of cylinders is regulated by the Department of
    Transportation (DOT). It is strongly recommended that all agencies
    contact the DOT or Highway Patrol to learn the most recent
    regulations concerning transport of cylinders.

9.  Carbon Monoxide is a highly poisonous gas. Long term exposure can
    cause problems with motor coordination and mental acuity. It is
    strongly recommended that all agencies have Material Safety Data
    Sheets (MSDS) at all locations where CO cylinders are stored or
    used. MSDS can be obtained from the DOT or from your vendor.

10. It is possible (and practical) to blend other compounds with CO. If
    this is the case, it is recommended that MSDS for all compounds be
    made available to all staff that use and handle the cylinders or
    permeation tubes.

11. Shipping of cylinders is governed by the DOT. Contact the DOT or
    your local courier about the proper procedures and materials needed
    to ship high-pressure cylinders.

**3.6 Interferences**

**Water Vapor:** Studies have shown conclusively that NDIR analyzers
have interference from water vapor. Water absorbs very strongly across
several bands of IR spectra. Water vapor interference occurs because
water vapor absorption of light in the region of 3.1, 5.0 5.5 and 7.1
-10.0 *u*m in the IR region. Since water vapor absorbs light in this
region, this has a quenching effect on the reaction of CO. The TAPI
3000EU is equipped with a Nafion™ drier, which effectively scrubs all
water and water vapor. No maintenance is required on the dryer.

**Carbon Dioxide: C**arbon dioxide absorbs in the IR spectrum at 2.7,
5.2, and 8.0 to 12.0 *u*m. This is very close to the regions that CO
absorbs within as well. However, since atmospheric CO~2~ is much higher
in concentration than CO, this UV spectral range must be avoided. To
prevent light in this spectral region, the TAPI 300EU analyzer has a
band pass filter that blocks these wavelengths.

**3.7 Personal Qualifications**

The person(s) chosen to operate the TAPI 300EU should have a minimum of
qualifications. The understanding of basic chemistry and electronics are
a must. The understanding of digital circuitry is helpful, but not
required. Also, courses in data processing and validation are also
welcome.

**3.8 Equipment and Supplies**

**Monitoring Apparatus:** The design of the 300EU is identical to the
300E with several major variations. A diagram of the TAPI 300EU
instrument is described in Figure 3-1. The three main components are:

-   *[Pneumatic System:]{.underline}* Consists of sample inlet line,
    particulate filter, permeation dryer, reaction chamber, flowmeter,
    and pump, all used to bring ambient air samples to the analyzer
    inlet.

-   *[Analytical System]{.underline}*: This portion of the instrument
    consists of the IR source, the correlation wheel, motor, mirrors,
    detector and band pass filter.

-   *[Electronic Hardware:]{.underline}* The part of the analyzer that
    generally requires little or no maintenance. If the 300EU is
    operated above the manufacturer\'s recommended temperature limit,
    however, individual integrated chips can fail and cause problems
    with data storage or retrieval.

Other apparatus and equipment includes the following.

**Instrument Shelter:** A shelter is required to protect the analyzer
from precipitation and adverse weather conditions, maintain operating
temperature within the analyzer\'s temperature range requirements, and
provide security and electrical power. The recommended shelter
temperature range is 20-30^o^C.

**Spare Parts and Incidental Supplies:**. See the TAPI 300EU operating
manual, Appendix B for specific maintenance and replacement
requirements.

**Calibration System**: A system that creates concentrations of CO of
known quality is necessary for establishing traceability. This is
described in detail in the "Calibration of Trace Gas Instruments SOP."
Please reference this document.

**DAS**: A data acquisition system is necessary for storage of ambient
and ancillary data collected by the 300EU. This is detailed in the "Data
Acquisition and Management SOP."

![](media/image2.png)

**Figure 3-1 Schema of the Teledyne API 300EU**

**Wiring, Tubing and Fittings***:* Teflon™ and borosilicate glass are
inert materials that should be used exclusively throughout the intake
system. It is recommended that Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or
Fluoroethylpropylene (FEP) Teflon™ tubing be used. PTFE and FEP are the
best choice for the connection between the intake manifold and the 300EU
bulkhead inlet. Examine and discard if particulate matter collects in
the tubing. All fittings and ferrules should be made of Teflon™ or
stainless steel. Connection wiring to the DAS should shielded two strand
wire or RS-232 cables for digital connections.

**Reagents and Standard:** The TAPI 300EU does not require any reagents
since the instrument uses photometry to analyze for CO. All standards
for the CO method can be obtained in compressed cylinders and must be
NIST traceable. Please see the "Calibration of Trace Gas Analyzers" SOP.

**3.9 Procedure**

**3.9.1 Sample Collection:** Sampling for Trace Level CO is performed by
continuously drawing ambient air through a sample manifold directly into
the analyzer via a vacuum pump. All inlet materials must be constructed
from Teflon™ or borosilicate glass as detailed in 40 CFR 58. The siting
criteria for CO Trace Level instruments in detailed in 40 CFR 58,
appendix A^4^ .

**3.9.2 Sample Handling and Preservation:** Carbon Monoxide samples
receive no special preparation prior to analysis. Therefore this SOP
does not have a section on Sample Handling and Preservation.

**3.9.3 Instrument Operation, Startup and Maintenance**

This section discusses startup, operation and maintenance of the 300EU.
The TAPI 300EU series instrument has a digital front panel screen with
toggle switches below. This allows the user to check functions, switch
operating parameters, adjust zero and span and read warnings messages.
**It is extremely important that the user familiarize themselves with
the menus available. Inadvertently changing parameters within the
analyzer can damage the instrument and possibly invalidate data as well.
Please reference the TAPI 300EU owner's manual and read it carefully
before adjusting any parameters that are set by the factory.**

**3.9.3.1 Start up**

1.  Before the instrument is operated, inspect the instrument for any
    damage. If damage is observed to the shipping box or the instrument,
    contact your shipping personnel.

2.  Carefully remove the cover and check for internal damage. Please see
    Section 3.1 of the TAPI 300EU manual.

3.  Remove the 6 red shipping screws that hold down the internal bench
    and parts. See Section 3.1 of the TAPI 300EU manual.

4.  Once you have removed the shipping screws and performed your
    inspection, replace the cover.

5.  Plug the instrument into a grounded power strip that has surge
    protection. It is also advisable to purchase an Uninterrupted Power
    Supply (UPS). An UPS will protect the 300EU from power surges and
    keep the unit operating until an operator can shut it down.

6.  Check to see that the 300EU has enough clearance so that it gets
    proper ventilation. Check the TAPI 300EU manual Section 3.1.

7.  Connect the output of the analog to a DAS via shielded two wire
    cable. Please see EPA SOP on "Data Management" for details.

8.  Connect the digital RS-232 port to an appropriate cable and connect
    it to the DAS. Please see EPA SOP on "Data Management" for further
    details.

9.  Connect the sample inlet port to the station intake manifold.

10. Press the power rocker switch to "ON."

**3.9.3.2 Operation and Range Setting**

1.  The exhaust fan will start and the display will come on. The Central
    Processing Unit (CPU) will boot the system and load the firmware.
    You will see in the upper right hand corner that the fault warning
    light will be flashing red. This is letting you know that the
    analyzer has been off.

2.  To clear the fault warning, press the "CLR" button below the
    display. This will clear the warning and the sample green light will
    flash. If the red fault light continues to flash, and clearing it
    does not change this condition, then reference section 6.2.1 of the
    TAPI 300EU manual for instruction.

3.  Once the red fault light is cleared, the operator will see the main
    menu. At this time, the time of day and date must be verified and
    reset if necessary.

4.  From main menu press the toggle button under the "SETUP" label.

5.  In this menu, you will see "8 1 8" on the bottom of the display.
    This is the default password. In addition, you will see on the top
    of the display the words "ENTER SETUP PASS:818."

6.  At this time, press the toggle under "ENTR."

7.  This will bring up the "PRIMARY SETUP MENU" screen.

8.  In this menu, press the toggle button under "CLK."

9.  In the next menu, press the "TIME" toggle switch.

10. In the next menu, you will see the time above 3 or 4 toggle
    switches. Adjust these toggles so that the time is correct. Press
    the "ENTR" toggle switch.

11. This returns you to the "TIME OF DAY CLOCK" menu. Press the toggle
    switch under "DATE."

12. This will put you in the date menu. You should see the day (digits),
    month and year (digits) above 5 toggle switches. Adjust these
    toggles until the correct date is obtained. Press the "ENTR" toggle
    switch. Press the "EXIT" toggle switch twice. This returns you to
    the main menu.

13. The range should be illustrated in the top middle of the main menu.
    This value should be set to 5000 ppb. If it is not set to this
    range, then it must be reset.

14. To change the range of the instrument, press the toggle under
    "SETUP." If the password is correct, then press "ENTR."

15. In this menu, you will see "8 1 8" on the bottom of the display.
    This is the default password. In addition, you will see on the top
    of the display the words "ENTER SETUP PASS:818."

16. At this time, press the toggle under "ENTR."

17. This will bring up the "PRIMARY SETUP MENU" screen.

18. Press the toggle switch under the "RNGE."

19. This is the "RANGE CONTROL MENU." Press the toggle switch under the
    "UNIT."

20. This display will show the range options. Press the toggle under the
    "PPB." Press the toggle under the "ENTR."

21. This will put you into the "RANGE CONTROL MENU." Press the toggle
    switch under the "SET."

22. This display will show the full scale range value. Press the toggles
    under the digits to adjust the instrument to the full scale value
    desired. Press the toggle under the "ENTR."

23. Press the "EXIT" toggle switch twice.

24. The instrument is now set with the appropriate time, date and full
    scale range.

25. It is recommended that you allow the 300EU 24 hours before you
    attempt function checks or calibration.

26. If the DAS system that you have does not have the RS-232
    capabilities, then proceed to the next section, Diagnostic
    Checks/Manual Checks. If you have connected the 300EU to a computer
    or DAS, review the Diagnostic Check from your computer screen. TAPI
    offers API.COM, a computer program that allows the operator to log
    the diagnostic data that is collected by the 300EU CPU. Several DAS
    manufacturers offer this type of software as well.

**3.9.3.3 Diagnostic Checks/Manual Checks**

To determine whether the 300EU is working properly, the field operators
should perform the Diagnostic Checks every time they visit the
monitoring station. It is good practice for the operator to check these
Diagnostic Checks either by the computer or manually. Below are
instructions on how to perform this manually. Please note that the TAPI
300EU has set upper and lower ranges for some of these Diagnostic
checks. Please reference the owner's manual for these ranges.

1.  If you observe the display, it should show "Sample" in the left hand
    corner, "Range" in the middle of the display and "CO= XX.XX." Below
    this line there should be one line that read "\<TST", "TST\>", "CAL"
    and "SETUP."

2.  There is a series of toggle switches/ buttons below the display.
    These correspond to the bottom row of the display.

3.  If you press the button below the left hand "\<TST," you will toggle
    the display into function check tree in one direction. The button
    under the "TST\>," will allow you to access the function check tree
    in the opposite direction.

4.  Toggle through the function check tree. The following table
    illustrates the functions that should be recorded. Please see
    section 6.2.2 of the TAPI 300EU manual for more details. A manual
    check list on maintenance check sheet is attached in Appendix A of
    this SOP.

## Table 3-2 Diagnostic Checks

  --------------- -------------------------------------------------------
  Check           Explanation

  Range           The full scale range of the instrument

  Stabil          The standard deviation of CO concentrations for the
                  last 25 readings

  CO Meas         The demodulated peak of the IR detector output on the
                  measure side of the wheel

  CO Ref          The demodulated peak of the IR detector on the
                  reference side of the wheel

  MR ratio        The result of the CO meas/CO Ref

  Azero ratio     The result of the CO meas/CO Ref during the Azero cycle

  Sample Pres     The absolute pressure of the sample gas in the sample
                  chamber

  Sample FL       Mass flow rate of sample air

  Sample Temp     The temperature of the gas inside the sample chamber

  Bench Temp      Optical bench temperature

  Wheel Temp      Filter wheel temperature

  Box Temp        The temperature inside the instrument chassis.

  PHT Drive       The voltage needed to the thermoelectric coolers of the
                  IR detector board

  Slope           The sensitivity of the instrument as calculated during
                  the last calibration.

  Offset          The overall offset of the instrument calculated during
                  the last calibration

  Time            Displays current time.
  --------------- -------------------------------------------------------

Once the Diagnostic checks have been established and recorded for the
300EU, it is time to calibrate the instrument. Please refer to section
3.9.4 of this SOP.

**3.9.3.4 Preventive Maintenance**

Preventive maintenance should **prevent** down-time and data loss. Table
3.3 lists the preventive maintenance items that are listed in the Model
300EU manual, section 9.1.

**Table 3-3 Preventive Maintenance Schedule the TAPI 300EU**

**Item** **Schedule**

Replace particle filter Weekly

Verify Test Function Weekly

Perform Level I calibration Daily

Pump Diaphragm Bi-annually

Perform Leak Check Annually

Inspect Pneumatic Lines Annually

Clean inside of Chassis As needed

Rebuild or replace pump As needed

Replace IR source As needed

Clean optic bench As needed

Replace wheel motor As needed

Replace gases in correlation wheel As needed

**3.9.3.5 Instrument Troubleshooting**

The TAPI 300EU manual has an excellent troubleshooting guide in Section
9.2. Please reference page 143 of the manual for details on using the
Test Functions for predicting failures.

**3.9.4 Calibration and Standardization**

The calibration of the TAPI 300EU is performed by comparing the output
of the instrument against standardized gases of known quality.
Generation of these gases is detailed in the "Calibration of Trace Gas
Analyzers" SOP. This section will detail how to adjust the 300EU to the
standardized gases. Once the calibration has been performed, compare the
response of your DAS to the calculated "source" value. If this is
outside of +/-10%, then adjust the instrument response as detailed in
the next sections.

**3.9.4.1 Adjustment to Zero Air**

In order to adjust the output of the 300EU to zero air, perform the
following:

1.  Allow the instrument to sample zero air from a manifold that is at
    near atmospheric pressure for a minimum of 15 minutes.

2.  On the bottom of the front panel screen there is a toggle switch/
    button that is beneath the "CAL" label. Press this button.

3.  This next screen is the "M-P CAL" screen. In this screen press the
    button below the "ZERO" label.

4.  The next screen will show an "ENTR, SPAN and CONC" above the toggle
    switches on the bottom of the panel. Press the button below the
    "ENTR" label. This operation changes the calculation equation and
    zeros the instrument.

5.  Press the button below the "EXIT" label. This returns the operator
    to the main "SETUP" menu.

**3.9.4.2 Adjustment to Calibration Gas**

In order to adjust the output of the 300EU to NIST traceable calibration
gas, perform the following:

1.  Switch the calibration unit to generate a known concentration of CO.
    Allow the instrument to sample calibration gas from a manifold that
    is at near atmospheric pressure for a minimum of 15 minutes.

2.  On the bottom of the front panel screen of the main menu there is a
    button that is beneath the "CAL" label. Press this button.

3.  This next screen is the "M-P CAL" screen. The next screen will show
    an "ENTR, SPAN and CONC" above the toggle switches on the bottom of
    the panel. Press the button below the "CONC" label. On the bottom
    line, there will be digits below each toggle button. In order to
    change the concentration, toggle each digit before and after the
    decimal place to get the concentration that is being generated in
    the manifold by the calibrator. At this time, press the "ENTR."

4.  At this time, press the toggle below the "SPAN" switch.

5.  This operation changes the calculation equation and adjusts the
    slope of the instrument.

6.  Press the button below the "EXIT" label. This returns the operator
    to the main "SETUP" menu.

    **3.10 Data Analysis and Calculations**

    Data analysis for this analyzer is detailed in the "Data Acquisition
    and Management" SOP. For the TAPI 300EU, there is one design detail
    of which the operator must be aware; the auto-zero (Azero) function.
    As detailed in Section 3.1, the TAPI 300EU has an Azero sequence
    that occurs at the end of the hour. During this period, the 300EU
    "freezes" the output to the CPU at the last value calculated by the
    CPU and the display will illustrate "AZERO." During the auto-zero
    sequence, the display and analog output are "frozen" on one value.
    If the operator records the data via the analog output, then the
    operator must be aware of this sequence and flag this data in the
    DAS. The digital output via the RS-232 is flagged; therefore, no
    other flagging is required. The Azero function can be modified from
    once per hour to any increment up to once per day. It is recommended
    that the factory default not be changed from once per hour at this
    time.

**4.0 QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE**

The following section has brief definitions of the QA/QC indicators.
Table 4-1 has the Measurement Quality Objectives (MQOs) of the TAPI
300EU. Please note that this section deals primarily with the data
quality indicators. Quality Control for continuous electronic
instruments, such as the TAPI 300EU consists of performing the
diagnostic checks, maintenance and calibrations. These procedures are
detailed in sections 3.9.3 and 3.9.4: Instrument Operation, Startup and
Maintenance and Calibration and Standardization. Appendix A has an
example of a Quality Control and Maintenance Record developed by the EPA
for this instrument.

**4.1 Precision**

Precision is defined as the measure of agreement among individual
measurements of the same property taken under the same conditions. For
CO, this refers to testing the CO analyzer in the field at
concentrations between 0.250 and 0.500 ppm (250 -- 500 ppb). The test
must be performed, at a minimum, once every two weeks. Calculations for
Precision can be found in Reference 4.

**4.2 Bias**

Bias is defined as the degree of agreement between a measured value and
the true, expected, or accepted value. Quantitative comparisons are made
between the measured value and the true, standard value during audits.
Generally, three upscale points and a zero point are compared. Two audit
types commonly used for CO, direct comparison and blind, are discussed
below. The SOP should discuss plans for each type of audit.

-   **Direct Comparison Audits:** An independent audit system is brought
    to the monitoring location and produces gas concentrations that are
    assayed by the monitoring station\'s CO analyzer. In most cases, a
    person outside of the agency or part of an independent QA group
    within the agency performs the audit. The responses of the on-site
    analyzer are then compared against the calculated concentration from
    the independent audit system and a linear regression is generated

-   **Blind Audits:** In blind audits (also called performance
    evaluation audits), State or Local Agency staff are sent an audit
    device, such as done in the National Performance Audit Program
    (NPAP). The agency staff does not know the CO concentrations
    produced by the audit equipment. Responses of the on-site analyzer
    are then compared against those of the audit device and a linear
    regression is calculated.

**4.3 Representativeness**

Representativeness refers to whether the data collected accurately
reflect the conditions being measured. It is the data quality indicator
most difficult to quantify. Unless the samples are truly representative,
the other indicators are meaningless. Since the NCORE Level I and II
siting criteria are urban and regional, the TL-CO criteria are the same.
Please reference the National Monitoring Strategy^5^ for a discussion of
NCORE Level II CO monitoring scale.

**4.4 Completeness**

Completeness is defined as the amount of data collected compared to a
pre-specified target amount. For CO, EPA requires a minimum completeness
of 75% (40 CFR 50, App.H.3). Typical completeness with the TAPI 300EU
values can approach 90-93%.

**4.5 Comparability**

Comparability is defined as the process of collecting data under
conditions that are consistent with those used for other data sets of
the same pollutant. The TAPI 300EU meets the MQOs for a TL-CO
instrument. Please see Table 4-1.

**4.6 Method Detection Limit**

The method detection limit (MDL) or detectability refers to the lowest
concentration of a substance that can be determined by a given
procedure. The TAPI 300EU must be able to detect a minimum value of
0.020 ppm of CO.

Table 4-1 Measurement Quality Assurance Objectives

  -------------------- --------------- --------------------- --------------- ----------------
  **Requirement**      **Frequency**   **Acceptance          **Reference**   **Information or
                                       Criteria**                            Action**

  Bias                 NCORE, once per To be Determined from 40 CFR Pt.58    Use of NIST
                       year            Data Quality                          generated gas
                                       Objectives                            concentrations
                                                                             with Mass Flow
                                                                             Calibration unit
                                                                             that is NIST
                                                                             traceable

  Precision            1 every 2 weeks Concentration: 0.250  40 CFR Pt.58    To be determined
                                       -0.500 ppm,           Appendix A      
                                       Coefficient of                        
                                       Variance: To be                       
                                       determined                            

  Completeness         Quarterly,      NCORE, 75%            National        If under 75%,
                       Annually                              Monitoring      institute
                                                             Strategy.       Quality Control
                                                                             Measures

  Representativeness   N/A             Neighborhood, Urban   40 CFR 58       N/A
                                       or Regional Scale                     

  Comparability        N/A             Must be a Trace Level National        N/A
                                       instrument. See       Monitoring      
                                       Sections 3.1 and 3.2  Strategy.       
                                       of this document.                     

  Method Detection     NA              0.020 ppm             National        Testing is
  Limit                                                      Monitoring      performed at the
                                                             Strategy        factory.
  -------------------- --------------- --------------------- --------------- ----------------

**Table 4-2 Operating Parameters for the TAPI 300EU Trace Gas
Instrument**

  -------------- ----------------- --------------------------------------
  Item           Range             Comments

  Full Scale     0 to 5000 ppb     Suggested Range. Reduce to 1000 ppb if
  Range                            rural site

  Units          Part per billion  Recommended
                 (ppb)             

  Compressed Gas 200 -- 250 ppm    NIST Traceable Protocol #1 cylinder
  Cylinder                         with CO concentration between 200 --
                                   250 ppm.

  Calibration    []{.mark}         []{.mark}
  Ranges                           

  a\. zero       0 -- 10 ppb       There are a number of commercially
                                   available vendors.

  b\. Level I    4000 -- 5000 ppb  NIST Traceable Protocol #1 cylinder
  Span                             with CO concentration between 200 --
                                   250 ppm. Recommended gas flow range 75
                                   -- 90 cc/min. Zero air flow 4.80 --
                                   5.00 liters/min.

  c\. Mid Point  2000 -- 2500 ppb  NIST Traceable Protocol #1 cylinder
  Span                             with CO concentration between 200 --
                                   250 ppm. Recommended gas flow range 75
                                   -- 90 cc/min. Zero air flow 8.00 10.00
                                   liters/min.

  d\. Precision  250 -- 500 ppb    NIST Traceable Protocol #1 cylinder
  Level                            with CO concentration between 200 --
                                   250 ppm. Recommended gas flow range 20
                                   -- 35 cc/min. Zero air flow 18.00 --
                                   20.00 liters/min.
  -------------- ----------------- --------------------------------------

**5.0 REFERENCES**

1.  Merck Index, twelfth edition 1996, page 296

2.  Seinfeld,, John H., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air
    Pollution, 1986, page 54

3.  Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 53.23c

> 4\. Code of Federal Regulation, Title 40, Part 58, Appendix A
>
> 5\. The National Air Monitoring Strategy, Final Draft, 4/29/04,
> [http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/monstratdoc.html]{.underline}

**Appendix A**Number range CHAPTER

Environmental Protection Agency

Monthly Quality Control and Maintenance Records

Teledyne API 300EU CO Analyzer

Site Name/Location
[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}

Technician\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Month/Year\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Serial Number Range\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

  --------------- ------------- -------------- -------------- ---------------
  **Parameter**   **Date**      **Date**       **Date**       **Acceptance
                                                              Criteria**

  Offset                                                      

  Slope                                                       

  PHT Drive                                                   

  Box Temp                                                    

  Wheel Temp                                                  

  Bench Temp                                                  

  Sample Temp                                                 

  Sample Flow                                                 

  Sample Pressure                                             

  A-zero Ratio                                                

  MR Ratio                                                    

  CO Reference                                                

  CO Measured                                                 

  Stability                                                   

  Range                                                       

  Other Tests                                                 

  Dark Current                                                
  --------------- ------------- -------------- -------------- ---------------

  ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  **Date**     **Comments and Notes**

               

               

               

               
  ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------

**Figure A-1 Teledyne API 300 EU Quality Control and Maintenance
Record**