# Site Specific Parameter Values Used for Base Case

This appendix presents values for nearly all parameters used in the
GENII code[^1] that do not depend on the behavior of the hypothetical
receptors (exposure scenario family members) that were modeled for Phase
III of the Savannah River Site (SRS) Dose Reconstruction Project. The
appendix is in three sections:

-   Section F.1: Food Chain Transfer Factors.

-   Section F.2: Food Chain Variables.

-   Section F.3: Additional Parameter Values.

The discussion refers to those GENII variables that were used for those
assessment models and exposure pathways that were considered in Phase
III. The GENII Software Design Document may be consulted for a complete
list of variables considered in all assessment models and exposure
pathways.

Values for parameters needed for human radiation dosimetry assessments
(e.g., radionuclide-specific lung clearance classes) are provided in
Section D.4 of [Appendix
D](../Appendix_D_ready%20for%20CDC%20031405.doc).

## Food Chain Transfer Factors 

Transfer factors are needed to model several food-chain pathways.
Transfer factors for partitioning between radionuclide concentrations in
soil to those in plants are used in the equations set forth in Section
D.3.3.1. Transfer factors used to assess the uptake of radionuclides by
animals, and the uptake of radionuclides by humans consuming the animals
or the animal products, are used in the equations set forth in Section
D.3.3.2. Transfer factors that address bioaccumulation of radionuclides
in fresh-water fish are used in Section D.3.3 to assess uptake of
radionuclides by humans consuming aquatic foods.

### Introduction

The three sets of transfer factors used for this report are presented in
Table F-1 along with units and GENII variable names. The three sets of
transfer factors correspond to the following parameters:

-   Bv~ci~: Concentration ratio for root uptake of radionuclide i in
    crop type c (Section D.3.3.1).

-   Fa~i~: Transfer coefficient that relates daily intake rate by an
    animal to concentration in an edible animal product a (Section
    D.3.3.2).

-   B~qi~: Bioaccumulation factor for radionuclide i in aquatic food
    type q (Section D.3.3.3).

Table F-1 shows two sets of units. The first set comprises those units
specified for the GENII software and has been simplified from the
complete units by eliminating units that cancel each other. For example,
the units for the soil-to-plant concentration ratio for animal forage
(kg soil/kg dry) are actually a reduction of the ratio \[Bq/kg dry
forage\] / \[Bq/kg soil\]. The second set comprises the complete units
of the factor. These transfer factors are all element-specific (i.e., a
single value for each transfer factor identified for a given element or
isotope is used for all isotopes of that element). This is a common
assumption made in environmental studies involving radionuclides because
the chemical behavior in the environment depends on the atomic number
rather than the atomic weight.

+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
| Table F-1      |                 |           |         |           |
| GENII Transfer |                 |           |         |           |
| Factors in     |                 |           |         |           |
| Used in SRS    |                 |           |         |           |
| Food Chain     |                 |           |         |           |
| Modeling       |                 |           |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
| Category       | Variable        | GENII     | GENII   | Complete  |
|                |                 | Variable  | Units   | Units     |
|                |                 | Name      |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
| Soil-to-Plant  | Soil to Animal  | CLBVAF    | kg      | (Bq/kg    |
| Concentration  | Forage          |           | soil/kg | dry plant |
| Ratios         |                 |           | dry     | matter) / |
|                |                 |           |         | (Bq/kg    |
|                |                 |           |         | soil)     |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Soil to Grain   | CLBVAG    |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Soil to Hay     | CLBVAH    |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Soil to Cereal  | CLBVCL    |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Soil to Fruit   | CLBVFR    |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Soil to Leafy   | CLBVLV    |         |           |
|                | Vegetables      |           |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Soil to Other   | CLBVOV    |         |           |
|                | Vegetables      |           |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Soil to Root    | CLBVRV    |         |           |
|                | Vegetables      |           |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
| Ani            | Feed to Egg     | CLFEG     | d/kg    | (Bq/kg    |
| mal-Intake-to- |                 |           |         | eggs) /   |
| Animal-Product |                 |           |         |           |
| Transfer       |                 |           |         | (Bq/day   |
| Factor Ratios  |                 |           |         | intake)   |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Feed to Animal  | CLFMK     | d/L     | (Bq/L     |
|                | Milk            |           |         | milk) /   |
|                |                 |           |         |           |
|                |                 |           |         | (Bq/day   |
|                |                 |           |         | intake)   |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Feed to Animal  | CLFMT     | d/kg    | (Bq/kg    |
|                | Meat            |           |         | meat) /   |
|                |                 |           |         |           |
|                |                 |           |         | (Bq/day   |
|                |                 |           |         | intake)   |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
|                | Feed to Poultry | CLFPL     | d/kg    |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+
| Water-t        | Bioaccumulation | CLBFF     | L/kg    | (Bq/kg    |
| o-Aquatic-Food | in Freshwater   |           |         | fish) /   |
| B              | Fish            |           |         |           |
| ioaccumulation |                 |           |         | (Bq/L     |
| Factors        |                 |           |         | water)    |
| (Freshwater)   |                 |           |         |           |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------+---------+-----------+

Table F-2 summarizes the isotopes and corresponding elements considered
in the food-chain assessments.

+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Table F-2 Elements and Modeled    |                                  |
| Isotopes Requiring Transfer       |                                  |
| Factor Values                     |                                  |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Atmospheric Release               | Liquid Release                   |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| C (^14^C)                         | P (^32^P)                        |
|                                   |                                  |
| Sr (^89^Sr, ^90^Sr)               | S (^35^S)                        |
|                                   |                                  |
| Y (^90^Y)                         | Co (^60^Co)                      |
|                                   |                                  |
| Ru (^103^Ru, ^106^Ru)             | Zn (^65^Zn)                      |
|                                   |                                  |
| I (^129^I, ^131^I) (both          | Sr (^89^Sr, ^90^Sr)              |
| elemental and organic)            |                                  |
|                                   | Y (^90^Y) \*                     |
| Cs (^137^Cs)                      |                                  |
|                                   | Nb (^95^Nb, ^95m^Nb)             |
| Th (^231^Th, ^234^Th) \*          |                                  |
|                                   | Zr (^95^Zr)                      |
| U (^234^U, ^235^U, ^236^U,        |                                  |
| ^238^U)                           | Tc (^99^Tc)                      |
|                                   |                                  |
| Pu (^238^Pu, ^239^Pu)             | Ru (^103^Ru, ^106^Ru)            |
|                                   |                                  |
| Am (^241^Am)                      | I (^129^I, ^131^I)               |
|                                   |                                  |
|                                   | Cs (^134^Cs, ^137^Cs)            |
|                                   |                                  |
|                                   | Ce (^141^Ce, ^144^Ce)            |
|                                   |                                  |
|                                   | Th (^231^Th, ^234^Th)\*          |
|                                   |                                  |
|                                   | U (^234^U, ^235^U, ^236^U,       |
|                                   | ^238^U)                          |
|                                   |                                  |
|                                   | Pu (^238^Pu, ^239^Pu)            |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| \*Transfer factors were needed    |                                  |
| for these radionuclides because   |                                  |
| they are decay products of other  |                                  |
| radionuclides released into air   |                                  |
| and water pathways from SRS       |                                  |
| operations.                       |                                  |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------+

No transfer factors were selected for tritium, carbon, and noble gases
such as argon. For tritium and carbon, GENII determines transfer between
compartments and media using special models as summarized in Sections
D.3.4.1.7 and D.3.4.2.3. For argon and other noble gases, which do not
interact chemically except in unusual circumstances not found in the
environment, transfer through the food chain does not occur. Hence, no
transfer factors were assumed for noble gasses.

### Limitations and Uncertainties in Selecting Transfer Factor Values

In selecting values for transfer factor factors for this study, two
limitations became apparent: (1) the use of the same transfer factor in
multiple pathways, and (2) limitations in the availability of
site-specific transfer factor values.

#### Use of Transfer Factors for Different Pathways

A limitation on selecting values for transfer factors was that GENII
requires that certain transfer factors be used for multiple pathways
(1). For example, GENII applies the variable used for the
soil-to-leafy-vegetable transfer factors (CLBVLV) to four different
transport pathways (see Table F-3).[^2]

+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Table F-3 |                                                          |
| Transfer  |                                                          |
| Factors   |                                                          |
| used in   |                                                          |
| GENII for |                                                          |
| Multiple  |                                                          |
| Pathways  |                                                          |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| GENII     | Pathways Covered in GENII                                |
| Transfer  |                                                          |
| Factor    |                                                          |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Soil-t    | -   Soil-to-leafy-vegetables (for leafy vegetables that  |
| o-leafy-v |     are subsequently consumed by humans, CLBVLV)         |
| egetables |                                                          |
|           | -   Soil-to-beef-cattle-forage (for pasture grass that   |
| (CLBVLV)  |     is subsequently consumed by beef cattle, CLBVAF)     |
|           |                                                          |
|           | -   Soil-to-milk-cow-forage (for pasture grass that is   |
|           |     subsequently consumed by milk cows, CLBVAF)          |
|           |                                                          |
|           | -   Soil-to-milk-cow-feed (for hay that is subsequently  |
|           |     consumed by milk cows, CLBVAH)                       |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Soil-     | -   Soil-to-cereal (for cereal that is subsequently      |
| to-cereal |     consumed by humans, CLBVCL)                          |
|           |                                                          |
| (CLBVCL)  | -   Soil-to-beef-cattle-feed (for grain that is          |
|           |     subsequently consumed by beef cattle, CLBVAG)        |
|           |                                                          |
|           | -   Soil-to-poultry-feed (for grain that is subsequently |
|           |     consumed by poultry, CLBVAG)                         |
|           |                                                          |
|           | -   Soil-to-egg-animal-feed (for grain that is           |
|           |     subsequently consumed by egg-producing chickens,     |
|           |     CLBVAG)                                              |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Soil-     | -   Soil-to-other-vegetables (for other vegetables that  |
| to-other- |     are subsequently consumed by humans, CLBVOV)         |
| vegetable |                                                          |
|           | -   Soil-to-root-vegetables (for root vegetables that    |
| (CLBVOV)  |     are subsequently consumed by humans, CLBVRV)         |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------+

Because of GENII's calculational simplification, values for the transfer
factors listed on the left side of Table F-3 had to be selected based on
its understanding of the type of crop or food product represented in
each segment of the food chain involving that transfer factor. For
soil-to-plant transfer factors, Table F-4 lists the crops or food
products to which the transfer factors were applied. Figure F-1
illustrates how the transfer factor variables are used in the food-chain
pathways modeled by GENII.

  -------------- ------------------ --------------------------------------
  Table F-4                         
  Crops or Food                     
  Products                          
  represented by                    
  GENII Transfer                    
  Factors in SRS                    
  Exposure                          
  Scenarios                         

  GENII Variable Pathway and GENII  Crop or Food Product
  Used in        Variable           
  Calculations                      

  CLBVLV         Soil-to-Leafy      Locally-produced leafy vegetables
                 Vegetables         
                 (CLBVLV)           

                 Soil-to-Animal     Locally-grown Bermuda grass used as
                 Forage (CLBVAF)    pasture for beef cattle and milk cows
                                    as well as stored Bermuda grass green
                                    chop consumed by beef cattle

                 Soil-to-Hay        Locally-produced corn silage used as
                 (CLBVAH)           feed for milk cows

  CLBVCL         Soil-to-grain      Locally-produced corn grain used as
                 (CLBVAG)           feed for beef cattle, poultry, and egg
                                    animals (chickens)

                 Soil-to-cereal     Locally-produced corn grain consumed
                 (CLBVCL)           by humans

  CLBVFR         Soil-to-Fruit      Locally-produced fruit
                 (CLBVFR)           

  CLBVOV         Soil-to-Other      Locally-produced non-leafy vegetables
                 Vegetables         
                 (CLBVOV)           

                 Soil-to-Root       Locally-produced non-leafy vegetables
                 Vegetables         
                 (CLBVRV)           
  -------------- ------------------ --------------------------------------

For the CLBVLV transfer factor, three different crops were considered
when assigning a value for each element listed in Table F-3. The
preparers selected values generally considering the most conservative
(i.e., largest) values of those available in the literature for the
transfer factor as applied to the three pathways. Although this approach
may have overestimated the exposure through the different pathways
covered by the CLBVLV transfer factor, implementing this approach was
relatively straightforward. Otherwise, extensive calculations would have
been required to determine the pathways that were the most dominant or
representative of the total exposure to human receptors. Determining the
soil-to-plant transfer (soil-to- leafy-vegetable,
soil-to-beef-animal-forage, soil-to-milk-animal-forage, and
soil-to-milk-animal-feed) that were most representative would have
involved calculating the total dose summed up over all soil-to-plant
transfer pathways, which would have been calculated using a different
transfer factor value for each soil-to-plant transfer pathway.

![](media/image1.wmf){width="4.1875in" height="3.5340277777777778in"}

Figure F-1 Exposure Pathways of the Food Chain and Corresponding
Transfer Factor Variables Used by GENII

Although the exposure through human consumption of leafy vegetables
would have been relatively easy to determine, the exposure through the
other pathways would have been more complex to model. It would have
required calculations involving the amount of contaminated plant food
intake by milk and meat producing animals, the amount of milk and meat
consumed by each receptor at each exposure location (including the
different amounts consumed by the different age groups), and the values
of the other transfer factors that formed the food chain (the
animal-intake-to-milk and animal-intake-to-meat factors).

Similar considerations guided the selection of values for the
soil-to-cereal transfer factor, CLBVCL, a parameter representing corn
consumed by humans, poultry, and egg animals, and corn silage consumed
by milk cows. The largest values were again selected from the
literature.

#### Limitations in Site-Specific Values for Transfer Factors 

A substantial body of literature exists for various transfer factors.
This literature includes numerous studies that examine radionuclide
transport through the food chain. These studies provide experimental
results for specific environmental conditions. For example,
soil-to-plant factors are typically specified for individual plant
species, soil conditions, and growing conditions. Because transfer
factor values cited in the literature often range over several orders of
magnitude, there is considerable uncertainty in selecting any single
value assigned to a given transfer factor.

A three-step process---illustrated in Figure F-2---was used to select
transfer factor values for this report. The first step in determining
values was to consider data for local or site-specific conditions. Where
local data were not available, default values were used. The first
reference source used for default values was *Handbook of Parameter
Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Temperate
Environments*, Technical Reports Series No. 364 (2). For cases where the
handbook (2) did not contain a default value, the GENII default was
used. Site-specific data and default values were compared where
possible. Where site-specific values were selected, the corresponding
value from the handbook (2) is provided for information. Where the
selected values are considerably different from the handbook (2) values,
the 95-percent confidence range, if cited in the handbook (2), is also
provided for information.

![](media/image2.wmf){width="4.374305555555556in"
height="2.354861111111111in"}Figure F-2 Process for Selecting Transfer
Factor Values

##### Site-specific Values

Site-specific data were used to identify values for several transfer
factors for four elements being modeled---strontium, cesium, plutonium,
and americium. Using data from Friday et al.(3) and, in some cases, a
combination of data from Friday et al. (3) and the International Atomic
Energy Agency's (IAEA) *Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction
of Radionuclide Transfer in Temperate Environments* (2), the selected
values and the rationale for their determination are described in Table
F-5. In general, site-specific values were used without modification if
they were within two orders of magnitude of generic values; if the
differences were larger, then a geometric mean of the site specific and
generic value was usually selected.

In selecting values for some variables, the preparers took into account
the GENII use of the same values for some transfer factors. In
particular, for the soil-to-leafy-vegetable transfer factor (which is
also used for beef cattle forage, milk cow forage, and milk cow feed),
where the approach was to select the largest values, only a few
SRS-specific values were available from the literature. In no case were
values cited for more than one plant species for a given radionuclide.
For the soil-to-cereal transfer factors, the values selected
corresponded to corn grain. Corn was selected over other crops (wheat,
rice, etc.) because corn is grown in the region (4) and could have been
consumed by humans as well as poultry.

Table F-5 Site-Specific Transfer Factor Values Calculated Using Data
from Friday 1996

+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Pat  | Value and Rationale                                           |
| hway |                                                               |
+======+===============================================================+
| ***  |                                                               |
| Stro |                                                               |
| ntiu |                                                               |
| m*** |                                                               |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Wate | Value = 450 (Strontium)                                       |
| r-to |                                                               |
| -Fre | Friday et al. (3) presents two values for piscivores (3,400)  |
| shwa | and benthic invertebrate and fish feeders (610). The average  |
| ter- | value is \~2,000. This value is higher than the IAEA (2)      |
| Fish | default value (60) by a factor of \~33 and is outside the     |
|      | range of measured values (1 -- 1,000) cited in the IAEA       |
|      | report. Because the values from Friday et al. (3) are so high |
|      | and represent only two data points, the geometric mean (450)  |
|      | of the site-specific average value (2,000) and the generic    |
|      | value (60) was used.                                          |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| So   | Value = 0.15 (Strontium)                                      |
| il-t |                                                               |
| o-Ce | Friday et al. (3) provides a single value for corn grain of   |
| real | 0.15. Corn grain is consumed by humans and by poultry. This   |
|      | value is smaller than the IAEA (2) default value (0.21) by a  |
|      | factor of \~1.4.                                              |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Ce   |                                                               |
| sium |                                                               |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Wate | Value = 4,700 (Cesium)                                        |
| r-to |                                                               |
| -Fre | Friday et al. (3) presents values for different types of fish |
| shwa | muscle. An average of three mean values was taken for surface |
| ter- | and midwater insectivores (7,009), insect and bottom          |
| Fish | invertebrate feeders (911), and piscivores (10,980). The      |
|      | average value (6,300) is larger than the value used by the    |
|      | SRS (3,000) in the Savannah River Site Environmental Report   |
|      | for 2001(5) by a factor of \~2 and the IAEA (2) expected      |
|      | value (2,000) by a factor of \~. It is above the 95 percent   |
|      | confidence range (30 -- 3,000) cited by IAEA (2). The value   |
|      | selected (4,700) was the geometric average of the average of  |
|      | the site-specific values and the IAEA expected value. Friday  |
|      | et al. (3) states "\...the relatively high bioconcentration   |
|      | factors of ^137^Cs in fish flesh can be largely explained by  |
|      | the low concentrations of potassium in the water" (p.14).     |
|      | Other SRS studies (5,6) have recommended a value of 3000      |
|      | kg/L.                                                         |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Soil | Value = 5.31 (Cesium)                                         |
| -to- |                                                               |
| Leaf | Friday et al. (3) provides a mean value for Bahia Grass of    |
| y-Ve | 5.31. Bahia grass is the primary forage for cattle, and the   |
| geta | soil-to-leafy vegetable factor is used for                    |
| bles | soil-to-cattle-forage in GENII. This value is larger than the |
|      | IAEA (2) default value (0.46) by a factor of \~12. Friday et  |
|      | al. (3) states, "The site-specific bioconcentration factors   |
|      | determined for plants and grasses are higher than values      |
|      | reported in the literature and are probably due to the local  |
|      | clay content of the soils at the SRS" (p.18).                 |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| So   | Value = 0.02 (Cesium)                                         |
| il-t |                                                               |
| o-Ce | Friday et al. (3) provides a single value for corn grain of   |
| real | 0.01. Corn grain is consumed by humans and by poultry. This   |
|      | value is smaller than the IAEA (2) default value (0.026) by a |
|      | factor of \~3. However, it is within the 95 percent           |
|      | confidence range (0.0026 -- 0.26) cited by IAEA (2). The      |
|      | selected value, 0.02, is the geometric mean of the            |
|      | site-specific and IAEA default values.                        |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Soil | Value = 0.9 (Cesium)                                          |
| -to- |                                                               |
| Othe | Friday et al. (3) provides a single value for fresh           |
| r-Ve | vegetables of 0.9. This value is higher than the IAEA (2)     |
| geta | default value (0.46) by a factor of \~2.                      |
| bles |                                                               |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***  |                                                               |
| Plut |                                                               |
| oniu |                                                               |
| m*** |                                                               |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Wate | Value = 4,700 (Plutonium)                                     |
| r-to |                                                               |
| -Fre | Friday et al. (3) provides three values for fish muscle,      |
| shwa | including two values for piscivores (2,600 and 5,600) and one |
| ter- | value for benthic invertebrate and fish feeders (12,000). The |
| Fish | average value is \~6,700; the geometric average is 5,600.     |
|      | This value is higher than the IAEA (2) expected value (30) by |
|      | a factor of \~190 and is higher than the 95 percent           |
|      | confidence range (4 -- 300) cited by IAEA (2). The value      |
|      | selected (4,700) was the geometric average of the average of  |
|      | the site-specific values and the IAEA expected value. Friday  |
|      | et al. (3) states, "Transuranic elements are known to be      |
|      | fixed by clay minerals and complexed by organic matter which  |
|      | may decrease their availability. Zooplankton and benthic      |
|      | insect larvae have high surface to volume ratios. This allows |
|      | their surfaces as well as their guts to carry sediment and    |
|      | sestonic particles, which adsorb transuranic particles; thus  |
|      | resulting in higher bioconcentration factors\... " (p.27).    |
|      | Additionally, for general population dose calculations, the   |
|      | SRS has used a value of 3,000 (5,6).                          |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| So   | Value = 6E-5 (Plutonium)                                      |
| il-t |                                                               |
| o-Ce | Friday et al. (3) provides a single value for corn grain of   |
| real | 6x10^-5^. This value is larger than the IAEA (2) default      |
|      | value (8.6x10^-6^) by a factor of \~7.                        |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Soil | Value = 0.0022 (Plutonium)                                    |
| -to- |                                                               |
| Leaf | Friday et al. (3) provides maximum and minimum values for     |
| y-Ve | Bahia grass of 4.4x10^-3^ and 8.9x10^-5^. The average of      |
| geta | these two values is \~2.2x10^-3^ (the geometric average is    |
| bles | 6.3x10^-4^). The average value is larger than the IAEA (2)    |
|      | default value (3.4x10^-4^) by a factor of \~6.5; the          |
|      | geometric average is larger by a factor of \~1.8. Both values |
|      | are within the 95 percent confidence range (5x10^-5^ -- 0.65) |
|      | cited by IAEA (2). The selected value is the average of the   |
|      | site-specific values.                                         |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***  |                                                               |
| Amer |                                                               |
| iciu |                                                               |
| m*** |                                                               |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Wate | Value = 2,400 (Americium)                                     |
| r-to |                                                               |
| -Fre | Friday et al. (3) provides two values for fish muscle,        |
| shwa | including one value for piscivores (2,500) and one value for  |
| ter- | benthic invertebrate and fish feeders (4,200). The average    |
| Fish | value is \~3,400; the geometric mean is 3,200. The average    |
|      | value is larger than the IAEA (2) expected value (30) by a    |
|      | factor of \~140, and the geometric mean is larger by a factor |
|      | of \~110. Both values are larger than the 95 percent          |
|      | confidence range (30 -- 300) cited by IAEA (2). The value     |
|      | selected (2,400) was the geometric average of the average of  |
|      | the site-specific values and the IAEA expected value. The     |
|      | explanation for the higher site-value for Americium is same   |
|      | as that for plutonium (Friday et al. \[3\]).                  |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Soil | Value = 0.067 (Americium)                                     |
| -to- |                                                               |
| Leaf | Friday et al. (3) provides a mean value for Bahai grass of    |
| y-Ve | 0.067. This value is larger than the IAEA (2) default value   |
| geta | (1.2x10^-3^) by a factor of \~56.                             |
| bles |                                                               |
+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+

##### IAEA Default Values

Default values from IAEA were found for most radionuclides and pathways
(See Table F-6). In general, only a single value was provided for each
animal-intake-to-milk, meat, poultry, and egg pathways. However, for
soil-to-plant transfer factors, IAEA (2) listed multiple values for
different plant species and soil conditions. The following different
approaches were used to select from among different plant species:

-   For the soil-to-leafy-vegetable transfer factor, different values
    were considered for both leafy vegetables and grass forage. The
    available values in each group were averaged, and the highest
    calculated average value was used. In some cases, only a single
    value was available, and in other cases multiple values were
    considered.

-   For the soil-to-cereal transfer factor, values for corn grain were
    preferred over other values. But in cases where no value was
    available for corn grain, other values for grains and corn fodder
    were averaged.

-   For the soil-to-other vegetable transfer factor, available values
    were averaged.

In addition, transfer factor values were frequently specified for
different soil conditions. In these cases, "sand, pH5" was selected
because this condition was judged most similar to the soils surrounding
the SRS. Other soil conditions (clay, peat) were not considered when
data for sandy soil were available. For instances where IAEA (2) cited
multiple values, Table F-6 lists the values considered and calculated.

##### GENII Default Values

IAEA (2) did not recommend values for some radionuclides and pathways.
For these cases, the default values specified by GENII were used. The
GENII default values are generally specified in both the constituent
library included in the GENII software and in Appendix D of the GENII
Software Design Document (7). A few of the values were only documented
in the constituent library. The GENII default values are not specific to
plant species, soil types, or growing conditions.

##### References Cited in IAEA (2) and PNNL (7) 

For each of the default values taken from IAEA (2), Table F-7 identifies
the previous reference (generally the primary reference) cited by IAEA
(2). With a few exceptions, Table F-7---for each GENII default value
taken from PNNL (7)---also identifies the previous reference (generally
the primary reference) cited by PNNL (7). These reference citations are
provided for information only. The selection of transfer factor values
was based on information and recommendations in IAEA (2) and PNNL (7).
The references cited by these documents generally were not researched.

### Transfer Factor Values Used in Report

Table F-8 lists the transfer factor values used and selected using the
process outlined above. The entry "Not Specified" in Table F-8 indicates
that the exact species of plant, on which the transfer factor was based,
was not provided by the source. The citations in the footnotes of Table
F-8 refer to the references listed in Table F-7.

Table F-6 Default Transfer Factor Values Calculated from IAEA 1994

+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Nuclide and  | Selected    | Values Cited                |          |
| Pathway      | Value       |                             |          |
+==============+=============+=============================+==========+
| Cobalt --    | 0.20        | Grass                       | 5.4      |
| Leafy        |             |                             | x10^-02^ |
| Vegetables   | (average of | Cabbage                     |          |
|              | cabbage,    |                             | 4.4      |
|              | lettuce,    | Lettuce                     | x10^-02^ |
|              | and         |                             |          |
|              | spinach)    | Spinach                     | 2.8      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 2.9      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Cobalt --    | 0.11        | Bean pods                   | 3.0      |
| Other/Root   |             |                             | x10^-02^ |
| Vegetables   | (average of | Carrot roots                |          |
|              | cited       |                             | 1.3      |
|              | values)     | Radish roots                | x10^-01^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             | Potato tubers               | 1.2      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
|              |             | Mixed green vegetables      |          |
|              |             |                             | 6.0      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-02^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 2.       |
|              |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Zinc --      | 1.0         | Barley grain                | 8.8      |
| Cereals      |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
|              | (average of | Wheat grain                 |          |
|              | cited       |                             | 1.6      |
|              | values)     | Maize fodder                |          |
|              |             |                             | 5.6      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Zinc --      | 3.3         | Grass                       | 9.9      |
| Leafy        |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
| Vegetables   | (highest    | Spinach                     |          |
|              | value)      |                             | 3.3      |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Zinc --      | 12          | Bean pod                    | 7.1      |
| Other/Root   |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
| Vegetables   | (average of | Potato tuber                |          |
|              | cited       |                             | 3.5      |
|              | values)     | Broccoli                    | x10^+01^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 8.2      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Strontium -- | 1.7         | Grass in sand pH5           | 1.7      |
| Leafy        |             |                             |          |
| Vegetables   | (grass in   | Grass in peat pH4           | 3.4      |
|              | sand pH5)   |                             | x10^-01^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Strontium -- | 1.7         | Pea/bean pod in clay loam   | 1.3      |
| Other/Root   |             | pH6                         |          |
| Vegetables   | (average of |                             | 2.2      |
|              | values in   | Pea/bean pod in sand pH5    |          |
|              | sand pH5)   |                             | 1.1      |
|              |             | Root crops in clay loam pH6 |          |
|              |             |                             | 1.4      |
|              |             | Root crops in sand pH5      |          |
|              |             |                             | 1.5      |
|              |             | Potato tubers in clay loam  | x10^-01^ |
|              |             | pH6                         |          |
|              |             |                             | 2.6      |
|              |             | Potato tubers in sand pH5   | x10^-01^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             | Potato tubers in peat pH4   | 2.0      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-02^ |
|              |             | Green veg exc. spinach in   |          |
|              |             | clay loam pH6               | 2.7      |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             | Green veg exc. spinach in   | 3.0      |
|              |             | sand pH5                    |          |
|              |             |                             | 2.6      |
|              |             | Green veg exc. spinach in   | x10^-01^ |
|              |             | peat pH4                    |          |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Technetium   | 940         | Grass                       | 7.6      |
| -- Leafy     |             |                             | x10^+01^ |
| Vegetables   | (average of | Cabbage                     |          |
|              | cabbage,    |                             | 1.2      |
|              | lettuce,    | Lettuce                     | x10^+01^ |
|              | and         |                             |          |
|              | spinach)    | Spinach                     | 2.0      |
|              |             |                             | x10^+02^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 2.6      |
|              |             |                             | x10^+03^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Technetium   | 28          | Pea/bean pod                | 4.3      |
| --           |             |                             |          |
| Other/Root   | (average of | Turnip root                 | 7.9      |
| Vegetables   | cited       |                             | x10^+01^ |
|              | values)     | Potato tuber                |          |
|              |             |                             | 2.4      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-01^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Thorium --   | 6.9x10^-03^ | Bean pod                    | 1.2      |
| Other/Root   |             |                             | x10^-04^ |
| Vegetables   | (average of | Carrot root                 |          |
|              | cited       |                             | 3.0      |
|              | values)     | Radish root                 | x10^-04^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             | Potato tuber                | 3.9      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-02^ |
|              |             | Sweet potato tuber          |          |
|              |             |                             | 5.6      |
|              |             | Mixed green vegetables      | x10^-05^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 2.9      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-05^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 1.8      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-03^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Uranium --   | 0.011       | Mixed roots                 | 1.4      |
| Other/Root   |             |                             | x10^-02^ |
| Vegetables   | (average of | Potato tuber                |          |
|              | cited       |                             | 1.1      |
|              | values)     | Mixed green vegetables      | x10^-02^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 8.3      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-03^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Plutonium -- | 8.2x10^-04^ | Bean pod                    | 6.1      |
| Other/Root   |             |                             | x10^-05^ |
| Vegetables   | (average of | Carrot root                 |          |
|              | cited       |                             | 4.4      |
|              | values)     | Radish root                 | x10^-03^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             | Onion root                  | 7.7      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-04^ |
|              |             | Mixed roots                 |          |
|              |             |                             | 8.7      |
|              |             | Potato tuber, swede         | x10^-05^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             | Cucumber                    | 9.1      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-04^ |
|              |             | Mixed green vegetables      |          |
|              |             |                             | 1.5      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-04^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 9.0      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-05^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 7.3      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-05^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+
| Americium -- | 8.4x10^-04^ | Bean pod                    | 3.9      |
| Other/Root   |             |                             | x10^-04^ |
| Vegetables   | (average of | Carrot root                 |          |
|              | cited       |                             | 2.2      |
|              | values)     | Radish root                 | x10^-03^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             | Onion root                  | 1.4      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-03^ |
|              |             | Potato tuber flesh          |          |
|              |             |                             | 1.6      |
|              |             | Mixed green vegetables      | x10^-04^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 2.0      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-04^ |
|              |             |                             |          |
|              |             |                             | 6.6      |
|              |             |                             | x10^-04^ |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------------------+----------+

Table F-7 Previous and Primary References Cited in \[IAEA 1994\] and
\[PNNL 2002\]

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Citation       Reference                                  Application
  -------------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------
  Baes 1984 (8)  Baes CF, Sharp RD, Sjoreen AL, Shor RW. A  Feed-to-Milk
                 Review and Analysis of Parameters for      
                 Assessing Transport of Environmentally     
                 Released Radionuclides through             
                 Agriculture. ORNL-5786. Oak Ridge National 
                 Laboratory, TN. 1984.                      

  Bishop 1989    Bishop GP, Beetham CJ, Cuff YS. Review of  Feed-to-Beef
  (9)            Literature for Chlorine, Technetium,       
                 Iodine and Neptunium, Nirex Radioactive    
                 Waste Disposal Safety Studies. Rep.        
                 NSS/R193, UK Nirex Ltd. Harwell. 1989.     

  CEC 1987 (10)  Commission of the European Communities.    Feed-to-Milk
                 1987. Radionuclide Transfer Factors for    
                 Animal Feedingstuffs and Animal Products.  
                 Doc. 7682/87. Luxembourg.                  

  Coughtrey 1983 Coughtrey PJ, Thorne MC. 1983.             Soil-to-Plant
  (11)           Radionuclide Distribution and Transport in 
                 Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems, A      
                 Critical Review of Data, Vols. 1 -- 6.     
                 A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.                   

  Coughtrey 1990 Coughtrey, PJ. Radioactivity Transfer to   Feed-to-Milk,
  (12)           Animal Products. Rep EUR 12608 EN,         Beef, Poultry, Egg
                 Commission of the European Communities,    
                 Luxembourg. 1990.                          

  Cramp 1990     Cramp TJ, Cuff YS, Davis A, Morgan JE.     Feed-to-Beef
  (13)           Review of Data for Uranium, Nickel, and    
                 Cobalt. Rep 2150-RI. Associated Nuclear    
                 Services Ltd, Epsom. 1990.                 

  Ennis 1988a    Ennis ME Jr, Ward GM, Johnson JE, Boamah   Feed-to-Poultry,
  (14)           KN. Transfer Coefficients of Selected      Egg
                 Radionuclides to Animal Products. II Hen   
                 Eggs and Meat, Health Physics 54. pp.      
                 167-170. 1988.                             

  Ennis 1988b    Ennis ME, Johnson JE, Ward GM, Voigt GM. A Feed-to-Poultry
  (15)           Specific Activity Effect in the Metabolism 
                 of Technetium. Health Physics 54. pp.      
                 157-160. 1988.                             

  Frissel 1989   Frissel MJ, van Bergeijk KE. Mean Transfer Soil-to-Plant
  (16)           Values Derived by Simple Statistical       
                 Regression Analysis, Sixth Report of IUR   
                 Working Group on Soil-to-Plant Transfer    
                 Factors, RIVM Bilthoven. 1989.             

  Frissel 1992   Frissel, MJ. An Update of the Recommended  Soil-to-Plant
  (17)           Soil-to-Plant Transfer Factors, Eighth     
                 Report of the IUR Working Group on         
                 Soil-to-Plant Transfer, IUR, Balen,        
                 Belgium. 1992.                             

  Gerzabek 1993  Gerzabek MH, Horak O, Mohamad S, Muck K.   Soil-to-Plant
  (18)           Gefabversuche zum Radionuclidtransfer      
                 Boden-Pfanze, Fusionsreaktor -- Erste      
                 Wand, Rep. OEFZS A-2531, Osterreichisches  
                 Forschungszentrum Seibersdorf, 22-31.      
                 1993.                                      

  Handl 1989     Handl J, Pfau A.. Long-Term Transfer of    Feed-to-Beef
  (19)           ^129^I into the Food Chain, Sci. Total     
                 Environ. 85. 245-252. 1989.                

  Hoffman 1988   Hoffman FO, Amaral E, Mohrbacher DA,       Feed-to-Milk
  (20)           Deming E. The Comparison of Generic Model  
                 Predictions with Chernobyl Fallout Data on 
                 the Transfer of Radioiodine Over the       
                 Air-Pasture-Cow-Milk Pathway, J.           
                 Environmental Radioactivity 8. 53-71.      
                 1988.                                      

  Johnson 1988   Johnson JE, Ward GM, Ennis ME Jr, Boamah   Feed-to-Milk, Beef
  (21)           KN. Transfer Coefficients of Selected      
                 Radionuclides to Animal Products. 1.       
                 Comparison of Milk and Meat from Dairy     
                 Cows and Goats, Health Physics 54,         
                 161-166. 1988.                             

  Kennedy 1992   Kennedy WE Jr, Strenge DL. Residual        Soil-to-Plant
  (22)           Radioactive Contamination from             
                 Decommissioning: Technical Basis for       
                 Translating Contamination Levels to Annual 
                 Total Effective Dose Equivalent. Pacific   
                 Northwest Laboratory, NUREG/CR-5512.       
                 Richland, WA. 1992.                        

  Morgan 1990    Morgan JE, Beetham CJ. Review of           Feed-to-Milk
  (23)           Literature for Radium, Protactinium, Tin,  
                 and Carbon, Nirex Radioactive Waste        
                 Disposal Studies, UK Nirex Ltd, Harwell.   
                 1990                                       

  Napier 1988    Napier BA, Peloquin RA, Strenge DL,        Soil-to-Plant
  (24)           Ramsdell JV. GENII -- The Hanford          
                 Environmental Radiation Dosimetry Software 
                 System. Pacific Northwest Laboratory.      
                 PNL-6584. Richland, WA. 1988.              

  Ng 1977 (25)   Ng YC, Colsher CS, Quinn DJ, Tompson SE.   Feed-to-Milk
                 Transfer Coefficients for the Prediction   
                 of the Dose to Man via the Forage-Cow-Milk 
                 Pathway from Radionuclides Released to the 
                 Biosphere. UCRL-51939. Lawrence Livermore  
                 National Laboratory, California. 1977.     

  Ng 1982a (26)  Ng, YC, Colsher CS, Thompson, SE.          Soil-to-Plant
                 Soil-to-Plant Concentration Factors for    
                 Radiological Assessments, Rep.             
                 NUREG/CR-2975 UCID-19463, Lawrence         
                 Livermore National Laboratory, CA. 1982.   

  Ng 1982b (27)  Ng, YC. A Review of Transfer Factors for   Feed-to-Milk
                 Assessing the Dose from Radionuclides in   
                 Agricultural Products, Nucl. Saf. 23.      
                 57-71. 1982.                               

  Ng 1982c (28)  Ng, YC, Colsher CS, Thompson, SE. Transfer Feed-to-Beef,
                 Coefficients for Assessing the Dose from   Poultry, Egg
                 Radionuclides in Meat and Eggs, Final Rep. 
                 to USNRC NUREG/CR-2976 UCID-19464 Lawrence 
                 Livermore National Laboratory, CA. 1982.   
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table F-8 Selected Values for Transfer, Bioconcentration, and
Bioaccumulation Factors

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th rowspan="2">Nuclide</th>
<th colspan="4">Soil-to-Plant Factors (dry kg/dry kg) <sup>ad</sup></th>
<th colspan="5">Animal-Intake-to-Animal Product Factors</th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th><p>Cereal and Grain</p>
<p>(CLBVCL, CLBVAG)</p></th>
<th><p>Leafy Vegetables, Animal Forage, and Hay</p>
<p>(CLBVLV,</p>
<p>CLBVAF,</p>
<p>CLBVAH)</p></th>
<th><p>Other Vegetables and Root Vegetables</p>
<p>(CLBVOV, CLBVRV)</p></th>
<th><p>Fruit</p>
<p>(CLBVFR)</p></th>
<th><p>Animal Milk</p>
<p>(CLFMK)</p>
<p>(kg/L)</p></th>
<th><p>Animal Meat</p>
<p>(CLFMT)</p>
<p>(beef)</p>
<p>(kg/kg)</p></th>
<th><p>Poultry</p>
<p>(CLFPL)</p>
<p>(kg/kg)</p></th>
<th><p>Egg</p>
<p>(CLFEG)</p>
<p>(kg/kg)</p></th>
<th><p>Freshwater Fish</p>
<p>(CLBFF)</p>
<p>Edible Portions</p>
<p>(L/kg)</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Phosphorus</td>
<td>3.5 <sup>b</sup></td>
<td>3.5 <sup>b</sup></td>
<td>3.5 <sup>y</sup></td>
<td>3.5 <sup>y</sup></td>
<td>1.6x10<sup>-02 j</sup></td>
<td>5x10<sup>-02 k</sup></td>
<td>0.19 <sup>a</sup></td>
<td>1.0 <sup>a</sup></td>
<td>5x10<sup>+04 i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Sulfur</td>
<td>1.5 <sup>b</sup></td>
<td>1.5 <sup>b</sup></td>
<td>1.5 <sup>y</sup></td>
<td>1.5 <sup>y</sup></td>
<td>1.6x10<sup>-02 j</sup></td>
<td>2x10<sup>-01 l</sup></td>
<td>2.3 <sup>m</sup></td>
<td>7.0 <sup>m</sup></td>
<td>800 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cobalt</td>
<td><p>Cereal grain</p>
<p>3.7x10<sup>-03 c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 3 values</p>
<p>0.20 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 5 values</p>
<p>0.11 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td>7 e-03 <sup>y</sup></td>
<td>Organic cobalt 3xx10<sup>-04 n</sup></td>
<td>Organic cobalt 1x10<sup>-02 k</sup></td>
<td>2 <sup>k</sup></td>
<td>0.1 <sup>k</sup></td>
<td>300 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Zinc</td>
<td><p>Wheat grain</p>
<p>1.6 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Spinach</p>
<p>3.3 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 3 values</p>
<p>12 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td>0.9 <sup>y</sup></td>
<td>0.01 <sup>p</sup></td>
<td>0.1 <sup>k</sup></td>
<td>7 <sup>k</sup></td>
<td>3 <sup>k</sup></td>
<td>1,000 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Strontium</td>
<td><p>Site-specific corn grain</p>
<p>0.15 <sup>d</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Grass in sand pH5</p>
<p>1.7 <sup>e</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 4 values</p>
<p>1.7 <sup>e</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Fruit in sand pH5</p>
<p>0.2 <sup>e</sup></p></td>
<td>2.8x10<sup>-03 o</sup></td>
<td>8x10<sup>-03 o</sup></td>
<td>0.08 <sup>o</sup></td>
<td>0.2 <sup>o</sup></td>
<td>450 <sup>d</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Yttrium</td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>0.01 <sup>f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>0.01 <sup>f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>0.01 <sup>f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>0.01 <sup>f</sup></p></td>
<td>2x10<sup>-05 p</sup></td>
<td>1x10<sup>-03 k</sup></td>
<td>1x10<sup>-02 k</sup></td>
<td>2x10<sup>-03 k</sup></td>
<td>30 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Niobium</td>
<td>2.5x10<sup>-2 g</sup></td>
<td>2.5x10<sup>-2 g</sup></td>
<td><p>Bean pod</p>
<p>1.7x10<sup>-02</sup> <sup>h</sup></p></td>
<td>2.5x10<sup>-02 g</sup></td>
<td>4.1x10<sup>-07</sup> <sup>q</sup></td>
<td>3x10<sup>-07 q</sup></td>
<td>3x10<sup>-04 r</sup></td>
<td>1x10<sup>-03 r</sup></td>
<td>300 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Zirconium</td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>1x10<sup>-03 f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>1x10<sup>-03 f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>1x10<sup>-03 f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>1x10<sup>-03 f</sup></p></td>
<td>5.5x10<sup>-07 q</sup></td>
<td>1x10<sup>-06 q</sup></td>
<td>6x10<sup>-05 r</sup></td>
<td>2x10<sup>-04 r</sup></td>
<td>300 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Technetium</td>
<td><p>Cereals grain</p>
<p>0.73 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 3 values</p>
<p>940 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 3 values</p>
<p>28 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td>1.5 <sup>y</sup></td>
<td>2.3x10<sup>-05 q</sup></td>
<td>1x10<sup>-04 aa</sup></td>
<td>0.03 <sup>s</sup></td>
<td>3 <sup>r</sup></td>
<td>20 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ruthenium</td>
<td>Wheat grain 5x10<sup>-03 c</sup></td>
<td><p>Cabbage</p>
<p>0.2 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>0.04 <sup>f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>0.04 <sup>f</sup></p></td>
<td>3.3 x10<sup>-06 o</sup></td>
<td>0.05 <sup>o</sup></td>
<td>8 <sup>o</sup></td>
<td>5x10<sup>-03 o</sup></td>
<td>10 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Iodine</td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>2x10<sup>-02 f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Grass</p>
<p>3.4x10<sup>-03 c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>0.02 <sup>f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>0.02 <sup>f</sup></p></td>
<td>0.01 <sup>t</sup></td>
<td>0.04 <sup>u</sup></td>
<td>0.01 <sup>r</sup></td>
<td>3 <sup>r</sup></td>
<td>40 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cesium</td>
<td><p>Corn grain</p>
<p>0.02 <sup>d</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Site-specific Bahai grass</p>
<p>5.31 <sup>d</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Site-specific value</p>
<p>0.9 <sup>d</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Tomato fruit</p>
<p>0.22 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td>7.9x10<sup>-03 o</sup></td>
<td>0.05 <sup>o</sup></td>
<td>10 <sup>o</sup></td>
<td>0.4 <sup>o</sup></td>
<td>4,700 <sup>d</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cerium</td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>3x10<sup>-02 f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>3x10<sup>-02 f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>3x10<sup>-02 f</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Not specified</p>
<p>3x10<sup>-02 f</sup></p></td>
<td>3x10<sup>-05</sup> <sup>v</sup></td>
<td>2x10<sup>-05 v</sup></td>
<td>3x10<sup>-03 w</sup></td>
<td>6.5x10<sup>-05 w</sup></td>
<td>30 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Thorium</td>
<td><p>Maize grain</p>
<p>3.4x10<sup>-05 c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Grass</p>
<p>1.1x10<sup>-02 c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 6 values</p>
<p>6.9x10<sup>-03 c</sup></p></td>
<td>2.5x10<sup>-04 y</sup></td>
<td>5x10<sup>-06 p</sup></td>
<td>4x10<sup>-05</sup> <sup>x</sup></td>
<td>6x10<sup>-03 x</sup></td>
<td>4x10<sup>-03 ac</sup></td>
<td>100 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Uranium</td>
<td><p>Cereals grain</p>
<p>1.3x10<sup>-03 c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Grass</p>
<p>2.3x10<sup>-02 c</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 3 values</p>
<p>0.011 <sup>c</sup></p></td>
<td>4 x10<sup>-03 y</sup></td>
<td>4x10<sup>-04 z</sup></td>
<td>3x10<sup>-04 ab</sup></td>
<td>1 <sup>k</sup></td>
<td>1 <sup>k</sup></td>
<td>10 <sup>i</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Plutonium</td>
<td><p>Site-specific corn grain</p>
<p>6x10<sup>-05 d</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Site-specific Bahai grass</p>
<p>2.2x10<sup>-03 d</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 8 values</p>
<p>8.2x10<sup>-04 e</sup></p></td>
<td>4.5x10<sup>-05 y</sup></td>
<td>1.1x10<sup>-06</sup> <sup>o</sup></td>
<td>1x10<sup>-05 o</sup></td>
<td>3x10<sup>-03 o</sup></td>
<td>5x10<sup>-04 k</sup></td>
<td>4,700 <sup>d</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Americium</td>
<td><p>Cereals grain</p>
<p>2.2x10<sup>-05 e</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Site-specific Bahai grass</p>
<p>0.067 <sup>d</sup></p></td>
<td><p>Average of 6 values</p>
<p>8.4x10<sup>-04 e</sup></p></td>
<td>2.5x10<sup>-04 y</sup></td>
<td>1.5x10<sup>-06 o</sup></td>
<td>4x10 <sup>-05 o</sup></td>
<td>6x10<sup>-03 o</sup></td>
<td>4x10<sup>-03 k</sup></td>
<td>2,400 <sup>d</sup></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^a^ GENII default value, PNNL 2002 (7), Appx D, which cites a previous
reference of Napier 1988 (24).

^b^ GENII default value, PNNL 2002 (7), Appx D, which cites a previous
reference of Kennedy 1992 (22).

^c^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), Table VI, p.17-25, which cites a
previous reference of Frissel 1989 (16).

^d^ Selected value calculated from data in Friday 1996 (3), or from a
combination of data taken from Friday 1996 (3) and IAEA 1994 (2).

^e^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), Table VI, p.17-25, which cites a
previous reference of Frissel 1992 (17).

^f^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), Table VI, p.17-25, which cites a
previous reference of Ng 1982a (26).

^g^ GENII default value, PNNL 2002 (7), Appx D; which cites a previous
reference of Coughtrey 1983 (11).

^h^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), Table VI, p.17-25, which cites a
previous reference of Gerzabek 1993 (18).

^i^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), p.45, which cites a several
previous references.

^j^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), p.35, which cites a previous
reference of Ng 1982b (27).

^k^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), pp.37, 40, and 41, which cites a
previous reference of Ng 1982c (28).

^l^ GENII default value, PNNL 2002 (7), Appendix D, which cites a
previous reference of IAEA 1987.

^m^ GENII default value, GENII V.2 constituent database, unattributed.

^n^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), p.35, which cites a previous
reference of Baes 1984 (8).

^o^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), pp.35, 37, 40, and 41, which
cites a previous reference of Coughtrey 1990 (12).

^p^ GENII default value, PNNL 2002 (7), Appx D, which cites a previous
reference of Ng 1977 (25).

^q^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), pp.35 and 37, which cites a
previous reference of Johnson 1988 (21).

^r^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), pp.40 and 41, which cites a
previous reference of Ennis 1988a (14).

^s^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), pp.40 and 41, which cites a
previous reference of Ennis 1988b (15).

^t^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), p.35, which cites a previous
reference of Hoffman 1988 (20).

^u^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), p.37, which cites a previous
reference of Handl 1989 (19).

^v^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), pp.35 and 37, which cites a
previous reference of CEC 1987 (10).

^w^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), pp. 40 and 41, which cites a
previous reference of CEC 1987 (10), average of two values for ^141^Ce
and ^144^Ce.

^x^ GENII default value, PNNL 2002 (7), Appx D, which cites a previous
reference of Coughtrey 1990 (12).

^y^ GENII default value, PNNL 2002 (7), Appx D, which cites a previous
reference of Baes 1984 (8).

^z^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), p.35, which cites a previous
reference of Morgan 1990 (23).

^aa^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), p. 37, which cites a previous
reference of Bishop 1989 (9).

^ab^ IAEA default value, IAEA 1994 (2), p. 37, which cites a previous
reference of Cramp 1990 (13).

^ac^ GENII default value, PNNL 2002 (7), Appx D, which cites a previous
reference of Ng 1982c (28).

^ad^ GENII requires some of the soil-to-plant bioaccumulation factor
variables to have the same value. The values entered for the
soil-to-cereal transfer factor (CLBVCL) are also used by GENII for three
other soil-to-grain pathways covered by the CLBVAG variable, including
soil-to-beef-cattle-feed, soil-to-poultry-feed, and
soil-to-egg-animal-feed. Similarly, the values entered for the
soil-to-leafy-vegetable transfer factor variable (CLBVLV) are also used
by GENII for three other soil-to-plant pathways covered by the CLBVAF
and CLBVAH variables, including soil-to-beef-cattle-forage,
soil-to-milk-cow-forage, and soil-to-milk-cow-feed (hay). Finally, the
values entered for the soil-to-other-vegetable transfer factor variable
(CLBVOV) are also used by GENII for the soil-to-root-vegetable transfer
factor variable (CLBVRV).

## Food Chain Variables

This section provides assumed values for GENII parameters used for the
base-case assessment and needed to assess radiation exposures from
ingestion of food (leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruit, grain) and
animal products (beef, poultry, milk, eggs). Table F-9 lists parameter
values.

Note that the parameters listed in Table F-9 only address those
parameters needed to determine annual ingestion rates of radionuclides.
Parameters needed to determine radiation dosimetry from ingestion of
radionuclides (e.g., gastro-intestinal absorption fractions) are
addressed in Section D.4 (Dose and Risk Assessment) of [Appendix
D](../Appendix_D_ready%20for%20CDC%20031405.doc).

Table F-9 Food Chain Variables Other than Transfer Factors

+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| GENII     | V       | Va  | U | I  | Value and Discussion         |
| Module -- | ariable | ria | n | nd |                              |
| Submodule | Desc    | ble | i | ic |                              |
|           | ription | N   | t | es |                              |
|           |         | ame | s |    |                              |
+===========+=========+=====+===+====+==============================+
| Exposure  | Animal  | BIO | k | 1, | Value = 1.6 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | feed    | MA2 | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | s       |     | / | ex | This pathway is not being    |
| riculture | tanding |     | m | po | modeled.                     |
| --        | biomass |     | ^ | su |                              |
|           | (wet)   |     | 2 | re | The selected value is the    |
| Animal    | -- Beef |     | ^ | lo | GENII default value (7). The |
| Feed --   | animal  |     |   | ca | value assigned to this       |
| Biomass   | feed    |     |   | ti | variable should not affect   |
|           |         |     |   | on | the model calculations       |
|           |         |     |   |    | because the amount of beef   |
|           |         |     |   |    | cattle feed consumed is set  |
|           |         |     |   |    | at Zero (see CONSUM for beef |
|           |         |     |   |    | cattle feed).                |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | BIO | k | 2, | Value = 2.4 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | feed    | MA2 | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | s       |     | / | ex | Standing biomass for poultry |
| riculture | tanding |     | m | po | feed is assumed to be        |
| --        | biomass |     | ^ | su | locally grown corn consumed  |
|           | (wet)   |     | 2 | re | by backyard chickens. USDA   |
| Animal    | --      |     | ^ | lo | 1992 Census of Agriculture   |
| Feed --   | Poultry |     |   | ca | data for Aiken County, South |
| Biomass   | feed    |     |   | ti | Carolina, (page 329, Table   |
|           |         |     |   | on | 28) includes data on corn    |
|           |         |     |   |    | silage production, which is  |
|           |         |     |   |    | presumed to include the      |
|           |         |     |   |    | entire corn plant (all       |
|           |         |     |   |    | biomass). The published USDA |
|           |         |     |   |    | report includes data for     |
|           |         |     |   |    | both 1987 and 1992 (4):      |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | 1987: 4,330 tons / 464 acres |
|           |         |     |   |    | = 2.1 kg/m^2^                |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | 1992: 4,284 tons / 362 acres |
|           |         |     |   |    | = 2.6 kg/m^2^                |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | The average of these two     |
|           |         |     |   |    | years (2.4 kg/m^2^) was      |
|           |         |     |   |    | taken as the input value.    |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | (conversion factors: 4,047   |
|           |         |     |   |    | m^2^/acre and 907 kg/ton)    |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | BIO | k | 3, | Value = 2.4 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | feed    | MA2 | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | s       |     | / | ex | The selected value is equal  |
| riculture | tanding |     | m | po | to the value used for        |
| --        | biomass |     | ^ | su | poultry feed biomass. It is  |
|           | (wet)   |     | 2 | re | assumed that milk cattle     |
| Animal    | -- Milk |     | ^ | lo | feed is locally produced     |
| Feed --   | animal  |     |   | ca | corn silage, based on Hamby  |
| Biomass   | feed    |     |   | ti | 1991 (29) (see CONSUM for    |
|           |         |     |   | on | milk cattle feed).           |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | BIO | k | 4, | Value = 2.4 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | feed    | MA2 | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | s       |     | / | ex | Standing biomass for egg     |
| riculture | tanding |     | m | po | animal feed is assumed to be |
| --        | biomass |     | ^ | su | locally grown corn consumed  |
|           | (wet)   |     | 2 | re | by backyard chickens (the    |
| Animal    | -- Egg  |     | ^ | lo | same as for poultry feed.    |
| Feed --   | animal  |     |   | ca | The selected value is equal  |
| Biomass   | feed    |     |   | ti | to the value used for        |
|           |         |     |   | on | poultry feed biomass.        |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | BIO | k | 5, | Value = 0.3 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | feed    | MA2 | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | s       |     | / | ex | The standing biomass         |
| riculture | tanding |     | m | po | represents the amount of     |
| --        | biomass |     | ^ | su | biomass present in the field |
|           | (wet)   |     | 2 | re | (e.g., foliage) on which     |
| Animal    | -- Beef |     | ^ | lo | airborne contamination is    |
| Feed --   | animal  |     |   | ca | deposited (see PNNL 2002     |
| Biomass   | forage  |     |   | ti | \[7\], pp. 149-154). While   |
|           |         |     |   | on | different values can be      |
|           |         |     |   |    | assigned to different        |
|           |         |     |   |    | exposure locations, all      |
|           |         |     |   |    | locations are assumed to     |
|           |         |     |   |    | have the same value.         |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | According to Hamby 1991      |
|           |         |     |   |    | (29), p.3: "Bermudagrass is  |
|           |         |     |   |    | the best hay plant for South |
|           |         |     |   |    | Carolina and with adequate   |
|           |         |     |   |    | fertilization and frequent   |
|           |         |     |   |    | cuttings, yields of up to 8  |
|           |         |     |   |    | tons per acre (1.8 kg/m^2^)  |
|           |         |     |   |    | are common." This is based   |
|           |         |     |   |    | on a Clemson University      |
|           |         |     |   |    | report on use of             |
|           |         |     |   |    | Bermudagrass (30). The Hamby |
|           |         |     |   |    | value represents total yield |
|           |         |     |   |    | and includes multiple        |
|           |         |     |   |    | cuttings. Hamby 1991 (29)    |
|           |         |     |   |    | states, "Bermudagrass that   |
|           |         |     |   |    | is not consumed is cut and   |
|           |         |     |   |    | bailed every 30 days\..."    |
|           |         |     |   |    | For the Base Case, it is     |
|           |         |     |   |    | assumed that the 30-day      |
|           |         |     |   |    | value is a                   |
|           |         |     |   |    | shorter-than-average period  |
|           |         |     |   |    | between cuttings (spring and |
|           |         |     |   |    | summer) and there are 6      |
|           |         |     |   |    | cuttings/year. Assuming 6    |
|           |         |     |   |    | cuttings/year, the standing  |
|           |         |     |   |    | biomass value is 1.8 kg/m^2^ |
|           |         |     |   |    | / 6 = 0.3 kg/m^2^.           |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | BIO | k | 6, | Value = 0.3 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | feed    | MA2 | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | s       |     | / | ex | The selected value for milk  |
| riculture | tanding |     | m | po | animal forage biomass is     |
| --        | biomass |     | ^ | su | equal to the value used for  |
|           | (wet)   |     | 2 | re | beef animal forage biomass.  |
| Animal    | -- Milk |     | ^ | lo | Standing biomass for milk    |
| Feed --   | animal  |     |   | ca | animal forage is assumed to  |
| Biomass   | forage  |     |   | ti | be Bermudagrass.             |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | S       | BIO | k | 1, | Value = 0.7 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | tanding | MAS | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | biomass |     | / | ex | This value is based on a     |
| riculture | (wet)   |     | m | po | recommendation in Hamby 1991 |
| --        | --      |     | ^ | su | (29), p. 4. See explanation  |
|           | Leafy   |     | 2 | re | for leafy vegetable yield.   |
| Food Crop | veg     |     | ^ | lo |                              |
| --        | etables |     |   | ca |                              |
| Biomass   |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | S       | BIO | k | 2, | Value = 0.7 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | tanding | MAS | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | biomass |     | / | ex | This value is based on a     |
| riculture | (wet)   |     | m | po | recommendation in Hamby 1991 |
| --        | -- Root |     | ^ | su | (29), p. 4. See explanation  |
|           | veg     |     | 2 | re | for leafy vegetable yield.   |
| Food Crop | etables |     | ^ | lo |                              |
| --        |         |     |   | ca |                              |
| Biomass   |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | S       | BIO | k | 3, | Value = 0.7 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | tanding | MAS | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | biomass |     | / | ex | This value is based on a     |
| riculture | (wet)   |     | m | po | recommendation in Hamby 1991 |
| --        | --      |     | ^ | su | (29), p. 4. See explanation  |
|           | Fruits  |     | 2 | re | for fruit yield.             |
| Food Crop |         |     | ^ | lo |                              |
| --        |         |     |   | ca |                              |
| Biomass   |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | S       | BIO | k | 4, | Value = 0.7 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | tanding | MAS | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | biomass |     | / | ex | This value is based on a     |
| riculture | (wet)   |     | m | po | recommendation in Hamby 1991 |
| --        | --      |     | ^ | su | (29), p. 4. See explanation  |
|           | Grains  |     | 2 | re | for fruit yield.             |
| Food Crop |         |     | ^ | lo |                              |
| --        |         |     |   | ca |                              |
| Biomass   |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | CON | k | 1, | Value = 0 kg/day             |
| --        | feed    | SUM | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | cons    |     | / | ex | This pathway is not being    |
| riculture | umption |     | d | po | modeled.                     |
| -- Animal | rate -- |     |   | su |                              |
| Feed      | Beef    |     |   | re | According to Hamby 1991 (29) |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | (p.3), "\...Farmers in the   |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca | south rely on year-round     |
|           |         |     |   | ti | grazing of fresh coastal     |
|           |         |     |   | on | bermudagrass (30)." "The     |
|           |         |     |   |    | diets of beef cattle in the  |
|           |         |     |   |    | region generally consist of  |
|           |         |     |   |    | about 75 percent pasture     |
|           |         |     |   |    | grass and 25 percent stored  |
|           |         |     |   |    | grass with total forage      |
|           |         |     |   |    | consumption averaging 36     |
|           |         |     |   |    | kg/day (29)." In the Base    |
|           |         |     |   |    | Case scenario, the entire    |
|           |         |     |   |    | beef cattle diet, including  |
|           |         |     |   |    | both stored and fresh        |
|           |         |     |   |    | forage, is modeled through   |
|           |         |     |   |    | the beef animal forage       |
|           |         |     |   |    | pathway with the beef cattle |
|           |         |     |   |    | feed pathway set at zero.    |
|           |         |     |   |    | Use of the "feed" pathway is |
|           |         |     |   |    | eliminated because this      |
|           |         |     |   |    | pathway is established in    |
|           |         |     |   |    | GENII using a transfer       |
|           |         |     |   |    | factor for cereal (i.e.,     |
|           |         |     |   |    | grain) consumption by        |
|           |         |     |   |    | cattle. The forage pathway   |
|           |         |     |   |    | is established in GENII to   |
|           |         |     |   |    | use a transfer factor for    |
|           |         |     |   |    | leafy vegetable (i.e.,       |
|           |         |     |   |    | grass) consumption by cattle |
|           |         |     |   |    | and is therefore more        |
|           |         |     |   |    | appropriate for beef cattle  |
|           |         |     |   |    | at the SRS.                  |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | CON | k | 2, | Value = 0.12 kg/day          |
| --        | feed    | SUM | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | cons    |     | / | ex | Assume GENII Default Average |
| riculture | umption |     | d | po |                              |
| -- Animal | rate -- |     |   | su |                              |
| Feed      | Poultry |     |   | re |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | CON | k | 3, | Value = 13 kg/day            |
| --        | feed    | SUM | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | cons    |     | / | ex | According to Hamby 1991      |
| riculture | umption |     | d | po | (29): "\...Farmers in the    |
| -- Animal | rate -- |     |   | su | south rely on year-round     |
| Feed      | Milk    |     |   | re | grazing of fresh coastal     |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | bermudagrass (30)." "Dairy   |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca | cattle consume approximately |
|           |         |     |   | ti | 52 kg/day of which 56        |
|           |         |     |   | on | percent is pasture grass, 25 |
|           |         |     |   |    | percent is silage, and 19    |
|           |         |     |   |    | percent is commercial        |
|           |         |     |   |    | grain."                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | Milk animal feed for the     |
|           |         |     |   |    | Base Case is based on the    |
|           |         |     |   |    | Hamby 1991 (29) figure for   |
|           |         |     |   |    | silage of 25 percent of 52   |
|           |         |     |   |    | kg/day (=13 kg/day (wet)).   |
|           |         |     |   |    | The commercial grain cited   |
|           |         |     |   |    | by Hamby is assumed to come  |
|           |         |     |   |    | from outside the SRS region. |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | CON | k | 4, | Value = 0.12 kg/day          |
| --        | feed    | SUM | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | cons    |     | / | ex | Assume GENII Default Average |
| riculture | umption |     | d | po | \[PNNL 2002\].               |
| -- Animal | rate -- |     |   | su |                              |
| Feed      | Egg     |     |   | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | CON | k | 5, | Value = 36 kg/day            |
| --        | feed    | SUM | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | cons    |     | / | ex | According to Hamby 1991(29), |
| riculture | umption |     | d | po | "...Farmers in the south     |
| -- Animal | rate -- |     |   | su | rely on year-round grazing   |
| Feed      | Beef    |     |   | re | of fresh coastal             |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | bermudagrass." (30) "The     |
|           | forage  |     |   | ca | diets of beef cattle in the  |
|           |         |     |   | ti | region generally consist of  |
|           |         |     |   | on | about 75 percent pasture     |
|           |         |     |   |    | grass and 25 percent stored  |
|           |         |     |   |    | grass with total forage      |
|           |         |     |   |    | consumption averaging 36     |
|           |         |     |   |    | kg/day." The default value   |
|           |         |     |   |    | from NRC 1971 as cited by    |
|           |         |     |   |    | Hamby 1991 (29) for beef     |
|           |         |     |   |    | animal forage consumption is |
|           |         |     |   |    | 50 kg/day (wet).             |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | Beef animal forage for the   |
|           |         |     |   |    | Base Case is based on the    |
|           |         |     |   |    | Hamby 1991 (29) figure       |
|           |         |     |   |    | including both grazing and   |
|           |         |     |   |    | stored grass. Both portions  |
|           |         |     |   |    | of the diet are included in  |
|           |         |     |   |    | the forage pathway because   |
|           |         |     |   |    | that pathway uses a transfer |
|           |         |     |   |    | factor for leafy vegetables  |
|           |         |     |   |    | and grass. None of the diet  |
|           |         |     |   |    | is modeled using the beef    |
|           |         |     |   |    | feed pathway because that    |
|           |         |     |   |    | pathway uses a transfer      |
|           |         |     |   |    | factor for cereal and grain, |
|           |         |     |   |    | and the local diet does not  |
|           |         |     |   |    | include cereal or grain.     |
|           |         |     |   |    | Including the stored grass   |
|           |         |     |   |    | portion of the diet in the   |
|           |         |     |   |    | beef forage pathway has the  |
|           |         |     |   |    | effect of increasing the     |
|           |         |     |   |    | dose because the pathway     |
|           |         |     |   |    | does not include a storage   |
|           |         |     |   |    | period during which          |
|           |         |     |   |    | radionuclides would decay.   |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | CON | k | 6, | Value = 29 kg/day            |
| --        | feed    | SUM | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | cons    |     | / | ex | According to Hamby 1991      |
| riculture | umption |     | d | po | (29): "\...Farmers in the    |
| -- Animal | rate -- |     |   | su | south rely on year-round     |
| Feed      | Milk    |     |   | re | grazing of fresh coastal     |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | bermudagrass." (30) "Dairy   |
|           | forage  |     |   | ca | cattle consume approximately |
|           |         |     |   | ti | 52 kg/day of which 56        |
|           |         |     |   | on | percent is pasture grass, 25 |
|           |         |     |   |    | percent is silage, and 19    |
|           |         |     |   |    | percent is commercial        |
|           |         |     |   |    | grain."                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | The default value from NRC   |
|           |         |     |   |    | 1971 as cited by Hamby 1991  |
|           |         |     |   |    | (29) for milk animal forage  |
|           |         |     |   |    | consumption is 50 kg/day     |
|           |         |     |   |    | (wet).\                      |
|           |         |     |   |    | Milk animal feed for the     |
|           |         |     |   |    | Base Case is based on the    |
|           |         |     |   |    | Hamby 1991 (29) figure for   |
|           |         |     |   |    | silage of 56 percent of 52   |
|           |         |     |   |    | kg/day (=29 kg/day (wet)).   |
|           |         |     |   |    | This approach assumes        |
|           |         |     |   |    | that 1) the silage is        |
|           |         |     |   |    | locally grown corn silage,   |
|           |         |     |   |    | and 2) the commercial grain  |
|           |         |     |   |    | portion of the diet is not   |
|           |         |     |   |    | locally grown.               |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | F       | DIE | f | 1, | Value = 1.0                  |
| --        | raction | TFR | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | of diet |     | a | ex | This pathway is not being    |
| riculture | that is |     | c | po | modeled. In the Base Case,   |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | t | su | no portion of the beef       |
| Feed      | minated |     | i | re | animal diet is modeled       |
|           | -- Beef |     | o | lo | through the beef animal feed |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | pathway. The value assigned  |
|           | feed    |     |   | ti | to this variable should not  |
|           |         |     |   | on | affect the model             |
|           |         |     |   |    | calculations because the     |
|           |         |     |   |    | amount of beef cattle feed   |
|           |         |     |   |    | consumed is set at Zero (see |
|           |         |     |   |    | CONSUM for beef cattle       |
|           |         |     |   |    | feed).                       |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | F       | DIE | f | 2, | Value 0.5                    |
| --        | raction | TFR | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | of diet |     | a | ex | According to Hamby 1991      |
| riculture | that is |     | c | po | (29): "\...Chickens are      |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | t | su | housed in covered shelters   |
| Feed      | minated |     | i | re | and eat feed provided by the |
|           | --      |     | o | lo | parent companies responsible |
|           | Poultry |     | n | ca | for marketing the final      |
|           | animal  |     |   | ti | product." This indicates a   |
|           | feed    |     |   | on | value of Zero for the        |
|           |         |     |   |    | contaminated fraction of     |
|           |         |     |   |    | poultry feed and thereby     |
|           |         |     |   |    | eliminates the poultry and   |
|           |         |     |   |    | egg pathways. However,       |
|           |         |     |   |    | because at least one CDC     |
|           |         |     |   |    | scenario posits "backyard    |
|           |         |     |   |    | chickens" and because        |
|           |         |     |   |    | agricultural practices may   |
|           |         |     |   |    | have changed over the time   |
|           |         |     |   |    | period of the study, a       |
|           |         |     |   |    | higher value (contaminated   |
|           |         |     |   |    | fraction =0.5) is assumed    |
|           |         |     |   |    | for the exposure scenarios.  |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | F       | DIE | f | 3, | Value = 1.0                  |
| --        | raction | TFR | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | of diet |     | a | ex | In the Base Case, milk       |
| riculture | that is |     | c | po | animal feed is modeled to    |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | t | su | represent silage that is     |
| Feed      | minated |     | i | re | locally grown, as described  |
|           | -- Milk |     | o | lo | in Hamby 1991 (29). As a     |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | result, 100 percent of this  |
|           | feed    |     |   | ti | portion of the milk animal   |
|           |         |     |   | on | diet is assumed to be        |
|           |         |     |   |    | contaminated. (Input value   |
|           |         |     |   |    | =1)                          |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | F       | DIE | f | 4, | Value = 0.5                  |
| --        | raction | TFR | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | of diet |     | a | ex | The value for poultry feed   |
| riculture | that is |     | c | po | (0.5) is assumed to equal    |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | t | su | the value for egg animal     |
| Feed      | minated |     | i | re | feed.                        |
|           | -- Egg  |     | o | lo |                              |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | F       | DIE | f | 5, | Value = 1.0                  |
| --        | raction | TFR | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | of diet |     | a | ex | In the Base Case, beef       |
| riculture | that is |     | c | po | animal forage is modeled to  |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | t | su | represent pasture grass and  |
| Feed      | minated |     | i | re | stored grass, both local, as |
|           | -- Beef |     | o | lo | described in Hamby 1991      |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | (29). As a result, 100       |
|           | forage  |     |   | ti | percent of this portion of   |
|           |         |     |   | on | the beef animal diet is      |
|           |         |     |   |    | assumed to be contaminated.  |
|           |         |     |   |    | (Input value =1)             |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | F       | DIE | f | 6, | Value = 1.0                  |
| --        | raction | TFR | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | of diet |     | a | ex | In the Base Case, milk       |
| riculture | that is |     | c | po | animal forage is modeled to  |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | t | su | represent pasture grass, as  |
| Feed      | minated |     | i | re | described in Hamby 1991      |
|           | -- Milk |     | o | lo | (29). As a result, 100       |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | percent of this portion of   |
|           | forage  |     |   | ti | the milk animal diet is      |
|           |         |     |   | on | assumed to be contaminated.  |
|           |         |     |   |    | (Input value =1)             |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DRY | f | 1, | This pathway is not being    |
| --        | feed    | FA2 | r | By | modeled. The value assigned  |
| Ag        | dry/wet |     | a | ex | to this variable should not  |
| riculture | ratio   |     | c | po | affect the model             |
| -- Animal | -- Beef |     | t | su | calculations because the     |
| Feed      | animal  |     | i | re | amount of beef cattle feed   |
|           | feed    |     | o | lo | consumed is set at Zero (see |
|           |         |     | n | ca | CONSUM for beef cattle       |
|           |         |     |   | ti | feed).                       |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DRY | f | 2, | Value = 0.91                 |
| --        | feed    | FA2 | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | dry/wet |     | a | ex | Assume value for grain       |
| riculture | ratio   |     | c | po | (0.91) (adapted from Till    |
| -- Animal | --      |     | t | su | 1983 \[31\])                 |
| Feed      | Poultry |     | i | re |                              |
|           | feed    |     | o | lo |                              |
|           |         |     | n | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DRY | f | 3, | Value = 0.22                 |
| --        | feed    | FA2 | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | dry/wet |     | a | ex | Assume value for beef forage |
| riculture | ratio   |     | c | po | (0.22) (adapted from Till    |
| -- Animal | -- Milk |     | t | su | 1983 \[31\])                 |
| Feed      | animal  |     | i | re |                              |
|           | feed    |     | o | lo |                              |
|           |         |     | n | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DRY | f | 4, | Value = 0.91                 |
| --        | feed    | FA2 | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | dry/wet |     | a | ex | Assume value for grain       |
| riculture | ratio   |     | c | po | (0.91) (adapted from Till    |
| -- Animal | -- Egg  |     | t | su | 1983 \[31\])                 |
| Feed      | animal  |     | i | re |                              |
|           | feed    |     | o | lo |                              |
|           |         |     | n | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DRY | f | 5, | Value = 0.22                 |
| --        | feed    | FA2 | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | dry/wet |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | ratio   |     | c | po | on Till 1983 \[31\] which    |
| -- Animal | -- Beef |     | t | su | cites a fresh-to-dry ratio   |
| Feed      | animal  |     | i | re | for fresh forage of 4.5. The |
|           | forage  |     | o | lo | dry/wet ratio is the         |
|           |         |     | n | ca | reciprocal of the            |
|           |         |     |   | ti | fresh-to-dry ratio. (1 /     |
|           |         |     |   | on | 4.5) = 0.22. Hamby 1991 (29) |
|           |         |     |   |    | recommends using the NRC     |
|           |         |     |   |    | Regulatory Guide 1.109 value |
|           |         |     |   |    | of 0.25 (NRC 1977 \[32\]).   |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DRY | f | 6, | Assume value for beef forage |
| --        | feed    | FA2 | r | By | (0.22) (adapted from Till    |
| Ag        | dry/wet |     | a | ex | 1983 \[31\]).                |
| riculture | ratio   |     | c | po |                              |
| -- Animal | -- Milk |     | t | su |                              |
| Feed      | animal  |     | i | re |                              |
|           | forage  |     | o | lo |                              |
|           |         |     | n | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Dry/wet | DRY | f | 1, | Value = 0.10                 |
| --        | ratio   | FAC | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | --      |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | Leafy   |     | c | po | on Till 1983 (31), which     |
| -- Food   | veg     |     | t | su | cites two fresh-to-dry       |
| Crop      | etables |     | i | re | ratios for leafy vegetables  |
|           |         |     | o | lo | of 12.6 and 8.5. The dry/wet |
|           |         |     | n | ca | ratio is the reciprocal of   |
|           |         |     |   | ti | the fresh-to-dry ratio. The  |
|           |         |     |   | on | selected value was           |
|           |         |     |   |    | determined by averaging the  |
|           |         |     |   |    | reciprocals of the cited     |
|           |         |     |   |    | values.                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | ((1 / 12.6) + (1 / 8.5)) / 2 |
|           |         |     |   |    | = 0.10                       |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Dry/wet | DRY | f | 2, | Value = 0.15                 |
| --        | ratio   | FAC | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | -- Root |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | veg     |     | c | po | on Till 1983 (31), which     |
| -- Food   | etables |     | t | su | cites three fresh-to-dry     |
| Crop      |         |     | i | re | ratios for root vegetables   |
|           |         |     | o | lo | of 4, 8.2, and 13. The       |
|           |         |     | n | ca | dry/wet ratio is the         |
|           |         |     |   | ti | reciprocal of the            |
|           |         |     |   | on | fresh-to-dry ratio. The      |
|           |         |     |   |    | selected value was           |
|           |         |     |   |    | determined by averaging the  |
|           |         |     |   |    | reciprocals of the cited     |
|           |         |     |   |    | values.                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | ((1 / 4) + (1 / 8.2) + (1 /  |
|           |         |     |   |    | 13)) / 3 = 0.15              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Dry/wet | DRY | f | 3, | Value = 0.15                 |
| --        | ratio   | FAC | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | --      |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | Fruits  |     | c | po | on Till 1983 (31), which     |
| -- Food   |         |     | t | su | cites three fresh-to-dry     |
| Crop      |         |     | i | re | ratios for fruits of 5.7,    |
|           |         |     | o | lo | 15, and 8.3. The dry/wet     |
|           |         |     | n | ca | ratio is the reciprocal of   |
|           |         |     |   | ti | the fresh-to-dry ratio. The  |
|           |         |     |   | on | selected value was           |
|           |         |     |   |    | determined by averaging the  |
|           |         |     |   |    | reciprocals of the cited     |
|           |         |     |   |    | values.                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | ((1 / 5.7) + (1 / 15) + (1 / |
|           |         |     |   |    | 8.3)) / 3 = 0.12             |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Dry/wet | DRY | f | 4, | Value = 0.91                 |
| --        | ratio   | FAC | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | --      |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | Grains  |     | c | po | on Till 1983 (31), which     |
| -- Food   |         |     | t | su | cites a fresh-to-dry ratio   |
| Crop      |         |     | i | re | for grain of 1.1. The        |
|           |         |     | o | lo | dry/wet ratio is the         |
|           |         |     | n | ca | reciprocal of the            |
|           |         |     |   | ti | fresh-to-dry ratio. The      |
|           |         |     |   | on | selected value was           |
|           |         |     |   |    | determined by taking the     |
|           |         |     |   |    | reciprocal of the cited      |
|           |         |     |   |    | value. (1 / 1.1) = 0.91      |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Intake  | DWA | L | 1, | Value = 50 L/day             |
| -- Water  | rate of | TER | / | By |                              |
| -- Animal | water   |     | d | ex | This value is the default    |
| Water     | -- Beef |     |   | po | from Table E-3 of NRC 1977   |
|           | animal  |     |   | su | (32). IAEA 1994 (2) cites a  |
|           |         |     |   | re | value of 20 to 60 L/d for a  |
|           |         |     |   | lo | 500 kg beef cattle.          |
|           |         |     |   | ca | (References cited in IAEA    |
|           |         |     |   | ti | 1994 \[2\] are Coughtrey     |
|           |         |     |   | on | 1990 \[12\] and Ng 1982      |
|           |         |     |   |    | \[33\].) Note that the       |
|           |         |     |   |    | quantity of contaminated     |
|           |         |     |   |    | water is further adjusted by |
|           |         |     |   |    | the DWFACA variable, so the  |
|           |         |     |   |    | water quantity specified by  |
|           |         |     |   |    | DWATER represents total      |
|           |         |     |   |    | water intake, not just       |
|           |         |     |   |    | contaminated water intake.   |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Intake  | DWA | L | 2, | Value = 0.3 L/day            |
| -- Water  | rate of | TER | / | By |                              |
| -- Animal | water   |     | d | ex | This value is the GENII      |
| Water     | --      |     |   | po | default. IAEA 1994 (2) cites |
|           | Poultry |     |   | su | a value of 0.1 to 0.3 L/d    |
|           |         |     |   | re | for chickens and laying      |
|           |         |     |   | lo | hens. (References cited in   |
|           |         |     |   | ca | IAEA 1994 \[2\] are          |
|           |         |     |   | ti | Coughtrey 1990 \[12\] and Ng |
|           |         |     |   | on | 1982 \[33\].)                |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Intake  | DWA | L | 3, | Value = 60 L/day             |
| -- Water  | rate of | TER | / | By |                              |
| -- Animal | water   |     | d | ex | This value is the default    |
| Water     | -- Milk |     |   | po | from Table E-3 of NRC 1977   |
|           | animal  |     |   | su | (32). IAEA 1994 (2) cites a  |
|           |         |     |   | re | value of 50 to 100 L/d for a |
|           |         |     |   | lo | dairy cow. (References cited |
|           |         |     |   | ca | in IAEA 1994 \[2\] are       |
|           |         |     |   | ti | Coughtrey 1990 \[12\] and Ng |
|           |         |     |   | on | 1982 \[33\].)                |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Intake  | DWA | L | 4, | Value = 0.3 L/day            |
| -- Water  | rate of | TER | / | By |                              |
| -- Animal | water   |     | d | ex | This value is the GENII      |
| Water     | -- Egg  |     |   | po | default. IAEA 1994 (2) cites |
|           | animal  |     |   | su | a value of 0.1 to 0.3 L/d    |
|           |         |     |   | re | for chickens and laying      |
|           |         |     |   | lo | hens. (References cited in   |
|           |         |     |   | ca | IAEA 1994 \[2\] are          |
|           |         |     |   | ti | Coughtrey 1990 \[12\] and Ng |
|           |         |     |   | on | 1982 \[33\].)                |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DWF | f | 1, | Value = 0 for all exposure   |
| -- Water  | water   | ACA | r | By | locations.                   |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | a | ex |                              |
| Water     | minated |     | c | po | These values are based on    |
|           | f       |     | t | su | the exposure scenarios. None |
|           | raction |     | i | re | of the food chain animals    |
|           | -- Beef |     | o | lo | consume contaminated water   |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | from the Savannah River or   |
|           |         |     |   | ti | Lower Three Runs Creek .     |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DWF | f | 2, | Value = 0 for all exposure   |
| -- Water  | water   | ACA | r | By | locations.                   |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | a | ex |                              |
| Water     | minated |     | c | po |                              |
|           | f       |     | t | su |                              |
|           | raction |     | i | re |                              |
|           | --      |     | o | lo |                              |
|           | Poultry |     | n | ca |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DWF | f | 3, | Value = 0 for all exposure   |
| -- Water  | water   | ACA | r | By | locations.                   |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | a | ex |                              |
| Water     | minated |     | c | po |                              |
|           | f       |     | t | su |                              |
|           | raction |     | i | re |                              |
|           | -- Milk |     | o | lo |                              |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | DWF | f | 4, | Value = 0 for all exposure   |
| -- Water  | water   | ACA | r | By | locations.                   |
| -- Animal | conta   |     | a | ex |                              |
| Water     | minated |     | c | po |                              |
|           | f       |     | t | su |                              |
|           | raction |     | i | re |                              |
|           | -- Egg  |     | o | lo |                              |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | G   | d | 1, | Value = 70 days              |
| --        | period  | RWP | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | --      |     | y | ex | The growing period is the    |
| riculture | Leafy   |     |   | po | time period over which the   |
| -- Food   | veg     |     |   | su | food crop is exposed to      |
| Crop      | etables |     |   | re | contamination. For leafy     |
|           |         |     |   | lo | vegetables, the value for    |
|           |         |     |   | ca | the growing period is based  |
|           |         |     |   | ti | on the value cited for       |
|           |         |     |   | on | unspecified vegetables by    |
|           |         |     |   |    | Hamby 1991 (29) which        |
|           |         |     |   |    | states, "The average growing |
|           |         |     |   |    | time, or time of exposure,   |
|           |         |     |   |    | for above-ground vegetables  |
|           |         |     |   |    | in South Carolina is         |
|           |         |     |   |    | approximately 70 days." This |
|           |         |     |   |    | information is from a 1990   |
|           |         |     |   |    | U.S. Department of           |
|           |         |     |   |    | Agriculture circular (34).   |
|           |         |     |   |    | This value is longer than    |
|           |         |     |   |    | the NRC default value (32)   |
|           |         |     |   |    | of 60 days.                  |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | G   | d | 2, | Value = 70 days              |
| --        | period  | RWP | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | -- Root |     | y | ex | The growing period for root  |
| riculture | veg     |     |   | po | vegetables is based on Hamby |
| -- Food   | etables |     |   | su | 1991 (p.4) (See above        |
| Crop      |         |     |   | re | discussion for the leafy     |
|           |         |     |   | lo | vegetable growing period.)   |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | G   | d | 3, | Value = 70 days              |
| --        | period  | RWP | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | --      |     | y | ex | The growing period for fruit |
| riculture | Fruit   |     |   | po | is based on Hamby 1991 (29)  |
| -- Food   |         |     |   | su | (See above discussion for    |
| Crop      |         |     |   | re | the leafy vegetable growing  |
|           |         |     |   | lo | period.)                     |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | G   | d | 4, | Value = 145 days             |
| --        | period  | RWP | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | --      |     | y | ex | The growing period for       |
| riculture | Grains  |     |   | po | grains is based on the       |
| -- Food   |         |     |   | su | growing period for corn in   |
| Crop      |         |     |   | re | South Carolina, as cited in  |
|           |         |     |   | lo | a 1997 US Department of      |
|           |         |     |   | ca | Agriculture handbook (35).   |
|           |         |     |   | ti | The difference between the   |
|           |         |     |   | on | peak planting and harvesting |
|           |         |     |   |    | dates is \~145 to 150 days.  |
|           |         |     |   |    | The difference between the   |
|           |         |     |   |    | earliest planting and        |
|           |         |     |   |    | harvesting dates is 135      |
|           |         |     |   |    | days. The difference between |
|           |         |     |   |    | the latest planting and      |
|           |         |     |   |    | harvesting dates is 145      |
|           |         |     |   |    | days.                        |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | GR  | d | 1, | This pathway is not being    |
| --        | period  | WPA | a | By | modeled. The value assigned  |
| Ag        | for     |     | y | ex | to this variable should not  |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | affect the model             |
| -- Animal | feed -- |     |   | su | calculations because the     |
| Feed      | Beef    |     |   | re | amount of beef cattle feed   |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | consumed is set at Zero (see |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca | CONSUM for beef cattle       |
|           |         |     |   | ti | feed).                       |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | GR  | d | 2, | Value = 145 days             |
| --        | period  | WPA | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | for     |     | y | ex | The growing period for       |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | poultry feed is based on the |
| -- Animal | feed -- |     |   | su | growing period for corn      |
| Feed      | Poultry |     |   | re | cited in USDA 1997 (35).     |
|           | feed    |     |   | lo | (See above discussion for    |
|           |         |     |   | ca | the grain growing period.)   |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | GR  | d | 3, | Value = 145 days             |
| --        | period  | WPA | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | for     |     | y | ex | The growing period for milk  |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | animal feed is based on the  |
| -- Animal | feed -- |     |   | su | growing period for corn      |
| Feed      | Milk    |     |   | re | cited in USDA 1997 (35).     |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | (See above discussion for    |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca | the grain growing period.)   |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | GR  | d | 4, | Value = 145 days             |
| --        | period  | WPA | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | for     |     | y | ex | The growing period for egg   |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | animal feed is based on the  |
| -- Animal | feed -- |     |   | su | growing period for corn      |
| Feed      | Egg     |     |   | re | cited in USDA 1997 (35).     |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | (See above discussion for    |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca | the grain growing period.)   |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | GR  | d | 5, | Value = 30 days              |
| --        | period  | WPA | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | for     |     | y | ex | The growing period for beef  |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | animal forage is based on    |
| -- Animal | feed -- |     |   | su | Bermudagrass consumption     |
| Feed      | Beef    |     |   | re | discussed in Hamby 1991      |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | (29), which notes that       |
|           | forage  |     |   | ca | "Bermudagrass that is not    |
|           |         |     |   | ti | consumed is cut and bailed   |
|           |         |     |   | on | every 30 days\..."           |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Growing | GR  | d | 6, | Value = 30 days              |
| --        | period  | WPA | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | for     |     | y | ex | The growing period for milk  |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | animal forage is based on    |
| -- Animal | feed -- |     |   | su | Bermudagrass consumption     |
| Feed      | Milk    |     |   | re | discussed in Hamby 1991      |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | (29), which notes that       |
|           | forage  |     |   | ca | "Bermudagrass that is not    |
|           |         |     |   | ti | consumed is cut and bailed   |
|           |         |     |   | on | every 30 days\..."           |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Time    | HL  | d | 1, | Value = 1 day (for Rural     |
| --        | from    | DUP | a | By | Family One and Two, Outdoor  |
| Ag        | harvest |     | y | ex | Person Family, Migrant       |
| riculture | to      |     |   | po | Family, and Near River       |
| -- Intake | in      |     |   | su | Family).                     |
| Delays    | gestion |     |   | re |                              |
|           | --      |     |   | lo | Value = 7 days (for Urban    |
|           | Leafy   |     |   | ca | Family and Delivery Person   |
|           | veg     |     |   | ti | Family)                      |
|           | etables |     |   | on |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | This corresponds to the      |
|           |         |     |   |    | assigned value for each      |
|           |         |     |   |    | exposure location:           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   -------------- ----------  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   **Location**   **Value     |
|           |         |     |   |    |                  (days)**    |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   1\. Girard     1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   2\. Waynesboro NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   3\. Augusta    7           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   4\. Jackson    1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   5\. New        1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |   Ellenton                   |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   6\. Barnwell   7           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   7\. Martin     1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   8\. Allendale  NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   9\. Williston  1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   10\. Onsite    NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   NA - No leafy              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   vegetable                  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   production                 |
|           |         |     |   |    |   occurs at                  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   these                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |   locations                  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   -------------- ----------  |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | The selected values are      |
|           |         |     |   |    | based on scenario-specific   |
|           |         |     |   |    | conditions. For families     |
|           |         |     |   |    | consuming vegetables from    |
|           |         |     |   |    | their own gardens, the value |
|           |         |     |   |    | is set at 1 day. For         |
|           |         |     |   |    | families consuming           |
|           |         |     |   |    | vegetables from local        |
|           |         |     |   |    | markets, the value is set at |
|           |         |     |   |    | 7 days.                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | NRC recommends a default     |
|           |         |     |   |    | value of 14 days for both    |
|           |         |     |   |    | leafy and root vegetables    |
|           |         |     |   |    | (32) for the general         |
|           |         |     |   |    | population and 1 day for the |
|           |         |     |   |    | maximum exposed individual.  |
|           |         |     |   |    | The GENII default value is   |
|           |         |     |   |    | 14 days (7).                 |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Time    | HL  | d | 2, | Value = 14 days              |
| --        | from    | DUP | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | harvest |     | y | ex | A 14-day time period is      |
| riculture | to      |     |   | po | recommended in Hamby 1991    |
| -- Intake | in      |     |   | su | (29). NRC recommends a       |
| Delays    | gestion |     |   | re | default value of 14 days for |
|           | -- Root |     |   | lo | root vegetables (32) for the |
|           | veg     |     |   | ca | general population. The      |
|           | etables |     |   | ti | GENII default value is 14    |
|           |         |     |   | on | days (7).                    |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Time    | HL  | d | 3, | Value = 1 day (for Rural     |
| --        | from    | DUP | a | By | Family One and Two, Outdoor  |
| Ag        | harvest |     | y | ex | Person Family, Migrant       |
| riculture | to      |     |   | po | Family, and Near River       |
| -- Intake | in      |     |   | su | Family)                      |
| Delays    | gestion |     |   | re |                              |
|           | --      |     |   | lo | Value = 7 days (for Urban    |
|           | Fruits  |     |   | ca | Family and Delivery Person   |
|           |         |     |   | ti | Family)                      |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | This corresponds to the      |
|           |         |     |   |    | assigned value for each      |
|           |         |     |   |    | exposure location:           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   -------------- ----------  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   **Location**   **Value     |
|           |         |     |   |    |                  (days)**    |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   1\. Girard     1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   2\. Waynesboro NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   3\. Augusta    7           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   4\. Jackson    1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   5\. New        1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |   Ellenton                   |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   6\. Barnwell   7           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   7\. Martin     1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   8\. Allendale  NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   9\. Williston  1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   10\. Onsite    NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   NA - No fruit              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   production                 |
|           |         |     |   |    |   occurs at                  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   these                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |   locations.                 |
|           |         |     |   |    |   -------------- ----------  |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | The selected values are      |
|           |         |     |   |    | based on scenario-specific   |
|           |         |     |   |    | conditions. For families     |
|           |         |     |   |    | consuming vegetables from    |
|           |         |     |   |    | their own gardens, the value |
|           |         |     |   |    | is set at one day. For       |
|           |         |     |   |    | families consuming           |
|           |         |     |   |    | vegetables from local        |
|           |         |     |   |    | markets, the value is set at |
|           |         |     |   |    | seven days. NRC recommends a |
|           |         |     |   |    | default value of 60 days for |
|           |         |     |   |    | produce (32) for the maximum |
|           |         |     |   |    | exposed individual. The      |
|           |         |     |   |    | GENII default value is 14    |
|           |         |     |   |    | days (7).                    |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Time    | HL  | d | 4, | Value = 1 day (for Rural     |
| --        | from    | DUP | a | By | Family One and Two, Outdoor  |
| Ag        | harvest |     | y | ex | Person Family, Migrant       |
| riculture | to      |     |   | po | Family, and Near River       |
| -- Intake | in      |     |   | su | Family)                      |
| Delays    | gestion |     |   | re |                              |
|           | --      |     |   | lo | Value = 7 days (for Urban    |
|           | Grains  |     |   | ca | Family and Delivery Person   |
|           |         |     |   | ti | Family)                      |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | This corresponds to the      |
|           |         |     |   |    | assigned value for each      |
|           |         |     |   |    | exposure location:           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   -------------- ----------  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   **Location**   **Value     |
|           |         |     |   |    |                  (days)**    |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   1\. Girard     1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   2\. Waynesboro NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   3\. Augusta    7           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   4\. Jackson    1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   5\. New        1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |   Ellenton                   |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   6\. Barnwell   7           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   7\. Martin     1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   8\. Allendale  NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   9\. Williston  1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   10\. Onsite    NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   NA - No grain              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   production                 |
|           |         |     |   |    |   occurs at                  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   these                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |   locations.                 |
|           |         |     |   |    |   -------------- ----------  |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | The selected values are      |
|           |         |     |   |    | based on scenario-specific   |
|           |         |     |   |    | conditions and consider      |
|           |         |     |   |    | consumption of only locally  |
|           |         |     |   |    | produced corn. For families  |
|           |         |     |   |    | consuming corn from their    |
|           |         |     |   |    | own gardens, the value is    |
|           |         |     |   |    | set at one day. For families |
|           |         |     |   |    | consuming corn from local    |
|           |         |     |   |    | markets, the value is set at |
|           |         |     |   |    | seven days. NRC recommends a |
|           |         |     |   |    | default value of 60 days for |
|           |         |     |   |    | produce (32) for the maximum |
|           |         |     |   |    | exposed individual. The      |
|           |         |     |   |    | GENII default value is 180   |
|           |         |     |   |    | days (7).                    |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Time    | HLD | d | 1, | Value = 1 day                |
| --        | from    | UP2 | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | harvest |     | y | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | to      |     |   | po | on the GENII default average |
| -- Intake | in      |     |   | su | (7). The NRC default average |
| Delays    | gestion |     |   | re | is seven days for sport fish |
|           | -- Fish |     |   | lo | (32).                        |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Time    | HLD | d | 1, | Value = 6 days               |
| --        | from    | UPA | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | harvest |     | y | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | to      |     |   | po | on Hamby 1991 (29), which    |
| -- Intake | in      |     |   | su | states, "The commercial      |
| Delays    | gestion |     |   | re | slaughtering of beef cattle  |
|           | --      |     |   | lo | is generally a six-day       |
|           | Sl      |     |   | ca | process. Cattle are          |
|           | aughter |     |   | ti | slaughtered the first day,   |
|           | to Beef |     |   | on | processed and packed the     |
|           | in      |     |   |    | next, and shipped on the     |
|           | gestion |     |   |    | sixth day. The beef is cured |
|           |         |     |   |    | for the four days between    |
|           |         |     |   |    | packing and shipping."       |
|           |         |     |   |    | \[Hamby to Mathis, personal  |
|           |         |     |   |    | communication, Nov. 12,      |
|           |         |     |   |    | 1990\] In the Base Case      |
|           |         |     |   |    | scenarios, consumption of    |
|           |         |     |   |    | locally grown beef is        |
|           |         |     |   |    | assumed, and the six-day     |
|           |         |     |   |    | slaughter-to-ingestion       |
|           |         |     |   |    | period is assumed for all    |
|           |         |     |   |    | receptor scenarios. The NRC  |
|           |         |     |   |    | default value for this       |
|           |         |     |   |    | parameter for all meat is 20 |
|           |         |     |   |    | days (32) and the GENII      |
|           |         |     |   |    | default value is 34 days     |
|           |         |     |   |    | (7). A shorter period is     |
|           |         |     |   |    | appropriate for the CDC      |
|           |         |     |   |    | receptors because the        |
|           |         |     |   |    | ingested beef is locally     |
|           |         |     |   |    | produced with less time      |
|           |         |     |   |    | required for long distance   |
|           |         |     |   |    | transport.                   |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Time    | HLD | d | 2, | Value = 6 days               |
| --        | from    | UPA | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | harvest |     | y | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | to      |     |   | po | on the corresponding value   |
| -- Intake | in      |     |   | su | for beef. The NRC default    |
| Delays    | gestion |     |   | re | value for this parameter for |
|           | --      |     |   | lo | all meat is 20 days (32) and |
|           | Sl      |     |   | ca | the GENII default value is   |
|           | aughter |     |   | ti | 18 days (7). A shorter       |
|           | to      |     |   | on | period is appropriate for    |
|           | poultry |     |   |    | the CDC receptors because    |
|           | in      |     |   |    | the ingested poultry is      |
|           | gestion |     |   |    | locally produced with less   |
|           |         |     |   |    | time required for long       |
|           |         |     |   |    | distance transport.          |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Time    | HLD | d | 3, | Value = 3 days               |
| --        | from    | UPA | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | harvest |     | y | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | to      |     |   | po | on Hamby 1991 (29) which     |
| -- Intake | in      |     |   | su | states, "Generally, milk is  |
| Delays    | gestion |     |   | re | collected every other day    |
|           | --      |     |   | lo | from local dairies and       |
|           | Harvest |     |   | ca | shipped to one of several    |
|           | to milk |     |   | ti | processing plants in the     |
|           | in      |     |   | on | Southeast. The process of    |
|           | gestion |     |   |    | homogenizing, pasteurizing,  |
|           |         |     |   |    | and packing the milk can be  |
|           |         |     |   |    | completed in about 36 hours. |
|           |         |     |   |    | Accordingly, it is assumed   |
|           |         |     |   |    | that milk is collected and   |
|           |         |     |   |    | delivered on day one,        |
|           |         |     |   |    | processed on day two, and    |
|           |         |     |   |    | shipped, ready for           |
|           |         |     |   |    | consumption on day three."   |
|           |         |     |   |    | This is based on a personal  |
|           |         |     |   |    | communication between Hamby  |
|           |         |     |   |    | and J. Bailes, Flav-O-Rich,  |
|           |         |     |   |    | Florence, SC, January 8,     |
|           |         |     |   |    | 1991, and J. Dawson, Borden, |
|           |         |     |   |    | Macon GA, January 7, 1991.   |
|           |         |     |   |    | The NRC and GENII default    |
|           |         |     |   |    | values are both four days    |
|           |         |     |   |    | (32,7).                      |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Time    | HLD | d | 4, | Value = 1 day (for Rural     |
| --        | from    | UPA | a | By | Family One and Two, Outdoor  |
| Ag        | harvest |     | y | ex | Person Family, Migrant       |
| riculture | to      |     |   | po | Family, and Near River       |
| -- Intake | in      |     |   | su | Family)                      |
| Delays    | gestion |     |   | re |                              |
|           | --      |     |   | lo | Value = 7 days (for Urban    |
|           | Harvest |     |   | ca | Family and Delivery Person   |
|           | to egg  |     |   | ti | Family)                      |
|           | in      |     |   | on |                              |
|           | gestion |     |   |    | This corresponds to the      |
|           |         |     |   |    | assigned value for each      |
|           |         |     |   |    | exposure location:           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   -------------- ----------  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   **Location**   **Value     |
|           |         |     |   |    |                  (days)**    |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   1\. Girard     1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   2\. Waynesboro NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   3\. Augusta    7           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   4\. Jackson    1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   5\. New        1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |   Ellenton                   |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   6\. Barnwell   7           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   7\. Martin     1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   8\. Allendale  NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   9\. Williston  1           |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   10\. Onsite    NA          |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    |   NA - No egg                |
|           |         |     |   |    |   production                 |
|           |         |     |   |    |   occurs at                  |
|           |         |     |   |    |   these                      |
|           |         |     |   |    |   locations.                 |
|           |         |     |   |    |   -------------- ----------  |
|           |         |     |   |    |                              |
|           |         |     |   |    | The selected values are      |
|           |         |     |   |    | based on scenario-specific   |
|           |         |     |   |    | conditions. For families     |
|           |         |     |   |    | raising their own chickens,  |
|           |         |     |   |    | the value is set at one day. |
|           |         |     |   |    | For families consuming eggs  |
|           |         |     |   |    | from local markets, the      |
|           |         |     |   |    | value is set at seven days.  |
|           |         |     |   |    | The GENII default value is   |
|           |         |     |   |    | 34 days (7).                 |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Storage | STO | d | 1, | This pathway is not being    |
| --        | time -- | RTM | a | By | modeled. The value assigned  |
| Ag        | Beef    |     | y | ex | to this variable should not  |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | affect the model             |
| -- Animal | feed    |     |   | su | calculations because the     |
| Feed      |         |     |   | re | amount of beef cattle feed   |
|           |         |     |   | lo | consumed is set at Zero (see |
|           |         |     |   | ca | CONSUM for beef cattle       |
|           |         |     |   | ti | feed).                       |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Storage | STO | d | 2, | Value = 180 days             |
| --        | time -- | RTM | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | Poultry |     | y | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | feed    |     |   | po | on the GENII default average |
| -- Animal |         |     |   | su | (180 days \[7\])             |
| Feed      |         |     |   | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Storage | STO | d | 3, | Value = 90 days              |
| --        | time -- | RTM | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | Milk    |     | y | ex | The value is based on milk   |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | cow consumption of corn      |
| -- Animal | feed    |     |   | su | silage. The value            |
| Feed      |         |     |   | re | corresponds to the value for |
|           |         |     |   | lo | beef animal feed (stored     |
|           |         |     |   | ca | grass) cited in Hamby 1991   |
|           |         |     |   | ti | (29). The GENII default      |
|           |         |     |   | on | average is 100 days (7).     |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Storage | STO | d | 4, | Value = 180 days.            |
| --        | time -- | RTM | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | Egg     |     | y | ex | The value applies to locally |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | produced corn grain that is  |
| -- Animal | feed    |     |   | su | consumed by egg animals. The |
| Feed      |         |     |   | re | selected value is base on    |
|           |         |     |   | lo | the GENII default average of |
|           |         |     |   | ca | 180 days (7).                |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Storage | STO | d | 5, | Value = 0 days               |
| --        | time -- | RTM | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | Beef    |     | y | ex | The value is based on Hamby  |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | 1991 (29) which states,      |
| -- Animal | forage  |     |   | su | "Farmers in the south rely   |
| Feed      |         |     |   | re | on year-round grazing for    |
|           |         |     |   | lo | fresh, coastal               |
|           |         |     |   | ca | bermudagrass." (Hamby        |
|           |         |     |   | ti | reference is personal        |
|           |         |     |   | on | communication with T.        |
|           |         |     |   |    | Mathis, November 12, 1990.)  |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Storage | STO | d | 6, | Value = 0 days               |
| --        | time -- | RTM | a | By |                              |
| Ag        | Milk    |     | y | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | animal  |     |   | po | on the corresponding value   |
| -- Animal | forage  |     |   | su | for beef animal forage (29). |
| Feed      |         |     |   | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TR  | f | 1, | Value = 1.0                  |
| --        | ocation | ANS | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | The translocation factor for |
| riculture | --      |     | c | po | food crops is the ratio of   |
| -- Food   | Leafy   |     | t | su | the nuclide concentration in |
| Crop      | veg     |     | i | re | the edible portion of the    |
|           | etables |     | o | lo | plant and the portion        |
|           |         |     | n | ca | exposed to air-deposited     |
|           |         |     |   | ti | contamination. The selected  |
|           |         |     |   | on | value is based on Food Chain |
|           |         |     |   |    | Models for Risk Assessment,  |
|           |         |     |   |    | Appendix F. Oak Ridge Risk   |
|           |         |     |   |    | Assessment Information       |
|           |         |     |   |    | System, at                   |
|           |         |     |   |    | <http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/ho |
|           |         |     |   |    | mepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>, |
|           |         |     |   |    | which cites a translocation  |
|           |         |     |   |    | factor for leafy vegetables  |
|           |         |     |   |    | of 1.0 as the default in     |
|           |         |     |   |    | NCRP 1984 (36). The GENII    |
|           |         |     |   |    | default average for leafy    |
|           |         |     |   |    | vegetables also equals 1.0   |
|           |         |     |   |    | (7).                         |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TR  | f | 2, | Value = 0.1                  |
| --        | ocation | ANS | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | -- Root |     | c | po | on the NCRP 1984 (36) as     |
| -- Food   | veg     |     | t | su | cited in                     |
| Crop      | etables |     | i | re | <http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/ho |
|           |         |     | o | lo | mepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>. |
|           |         |     | n | ca | The GENII default average    |
|           |         |     |   | ti | for root vegetables also =   |
|           |         |     |   | on | 0.1 (7).                     |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TR  | f | 3, | Value = 0.1                  |
| --        | ocation | ANS | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | --      |     | c | po | on NCRP 1984 (36) as cited   |
| -- Food   | Fruits  |     | t | su | in                           |
| Crop      |         |     | i | re | <http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/ho |
|           |         |     | o | lo | mepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>. |
|           |         |     | n | ca | The cited value for nonleafy |
|           |         |     |   | ti | vegetables is 0.1 and is     |
|           |         |     |   | on | applied to fruit. The GENII  |
|           |         |     |   |    | default average for fruit    |
|           |         |     |   |    | equals 0.1 (7).              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TR  | f | 4, | Value = 0.1                  |
| --        | ocation | ANS | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | --      |     | c | po | on NCRP 1984 (36) as cited   |
| -- Food   | Grains  |     | t | su | in                           |
| Crop      |         |     | i | re | <http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/ho |
|           |         |     | o | lo | mepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>. |
|           |         |     | n | ca | The cited value for nonleafy |
|           |         |     |   | ti | vegetables is 0.1 and is     |
|           |         |     |   | on | applied to grains. The GENII |
|           |         |     |   |    | default average for grains   |
|           |         |     |   |    | equals 0.1 (7).              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TRA | f | 1, | This pathway is not being    |
| --        | ocation | NSA | r | By | modeled. The value assigned  |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | to this variable should not  |
| riculture | for     |     | c | po | affect the model             |
| -- Animal | animal  |     | t | su | calculations because the     |
| Feed      | feed -- |     | i | re | amount of beef cattle feed   |
|           | Beef    |     | o | lo | consumed is set at Zero (see |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | CONSUM for beef cattle       |
|           | feed    |     |   | ti | feed). The translocation     |
|           |         |     |   | on | factor for animal diet is    |
|           |         |     |   |    | the ratio of the nuclide     |
|           |         |     |   |    | concentration in the portion |
|           |         |     |   |    | of the plant consumed by the |
|           |         |     |   |    | animal and the portion       |
|           |         |     |   |    | exposed to contamination.    |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TRA | f | 2, | Value = 0.1                  |
| --        | ocation | NSA | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | for     |     | c | po | on NCRP 1984 (36) as cited   |
| -- Animal | animal  |     | t | su | in                           |
| Feed      | feed -- |     | i | re | <http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/ho |
|           | Poultry |     | o | lo | mepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>. |
|           | feed    |     | n | ca | The cited value for nonleafy |
|           |         |     |   | ti | vegetables is 0.1 and is     |
|           |         |     |   | on | applied to poultry feed      |
|           |         |     |   |    | (corn grain). The GENII      |
|           |         |     |   |    | default average for poultry  |
|           |         |     |   |    | feed = 0.1 (7).              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TRA | f | 3, | Value = 0.1                  |
| --        | ocation | NSA | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | for     |     | c | po | on NCRP 1984 (36) as cited   |
| -- Animal | animal  |     | t | su | in                           |
| Feed      | feed -- |     | i | re | <http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/ho |
|           | Milk    |     | o | lo | mepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>. |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | The cited value for nonleafy |
|           | feed    |     |   | ti | vegetables is 0.1 and is     |
|           |         |     |   | on | applied to milk animal feed  |
|           |         |     |   |    | (corn silage). The GENII     |
|           |         |     |   |    | default average for milk     |
|           |         |     |   |    | animal feed = 0.1 (7).       |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TRA | f | 4, | Value = 0.1                  |
| --        | ocation | NSA | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | for     |     | c | po | on NCRP 1984 (36) as cited   |
| -- Animal | animal  |     | t | su | in                           |
| Feed      | feed -- |     | i | re | <http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/ho |
|           | Egg     |     | o | lo | mepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>. |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | The cited value for nonleafy |
|           | feed    |     |   | ti | vegetables is 0.1 and is     |
|           |         |     |   | on | applied to egg animal feed   |
|           |         |     |   |    | (corn grain). The GENII      |
|           |         |     |   |    | default average for egg      |
|           |         |     |   |    | animal feed = 0.1 (7).       |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TRA | f | 5, | Value = 1.0                  |
| --        | ocation | NSA | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | for     |     | c | po | on NCRP 1984 (36) as cited   |
| -- Animal | animal  |     | t | su | in                           |
| Feed      | feed -- |     | i | re | <http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/ho |
|           | Beef    |     | o | lo | mepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>. |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | The cited value for pasture  |
|           | forage  |     |   | ti | is 1.0 and is applied to     |
|           |         |     |   | on | beef animal forage (bahai    |
|           |         |     |   |    | grass). The GENII default    |
|           |         |     |   |    | average for beef animal      |
|           |         |     |   |    | forage = 1.0 (7).            |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Transl  | TRA | f | 6, | Value = 1.0                  |
| --        | ocation | NSA | r | By |                              |
| Ag        | factor  |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | for     |     | c | po | on NCRP 1984 (36) as cited   |
| -- Animal | animal  |     | t | su | in                           |
| Feed      | feed -- |     | i | re | <http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/ho |
|           | Milk    |     | o | lo | mepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>. |
|           | animal  |     | n | ca | The cited value for pasture  |
|           | forage  |     |   | ti | is 1.0 and is applied to     |
|           |         |     |   | on | milk animal forage (bahai    |
|           |         |     |   |    | grass). The GENII default    |
|           |         |     |   |    | average for milk animal      |
|           |         |     |   |    | forage = 1.0 (7).            |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | Y   | k | 1, | Value = 0.7 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | --      | ELD | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | Leafy   |     | / | ex | According to Hamby 1991 (29) |
| riculture | veg     |     | m | po | for garden productivity, the |
| -- Food   | etables |     | ^ | su | average response in a survey |
| Crop      |         |     | 2 | re | of county extension agents   |
|           |         |     | ^ | lo | was a value of 0.2 kg/m^2^.  |
|           |         |     |   | ca | This value is one-tenth the  |
|           |         |     |   | ti | NRC default value (32) and,  |
|           |         |     |   | on | therefore, would result in   |
|           |         |     |   |    | higher doses than the        |
|           |         |     |   |    | default value. Therefore,    |
|           |         |     |   |    | Hamby 1991 (29) recommends   |
|           |         |     |   |    | using a value of 0.7         |
|           |         |     |   |    | kg/m^2^, which corresponds   |
|           |         |     |   |    | to survey responses for      |
|           |         |     |   |    | average agricultural         |
|           |         |     |   |    | productivity.                |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | Y   | k | 2, | Value = 0.7 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | -- Root | ELD | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | veg     |     | / | ex | The value is based on Hamby  |
| riculture | etables |     | m | po | 1991 (29). See YELD for      |
| -- Food   |         |     | ^ | su | leafy vegetables.            |
| Crop      |         |     | 2 | re |                              |
|           |         |     | ^ | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | Y   | k | 3, | Value = 0.7 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | --      | ELD | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | Fruits  |     | / | ex | The value for agricultural   |
| riculture |         |     | m | po | productivity (0.7 kg/m^2^)   |
| -- Food   |         |     | ^ | su | cited by Hamby 1991 (29) was |
| Crop      |         |     | 2 | re | used in the Base Case for    |
|           |         |     | ^ | lo | fruits. This is the same as  |
|           |         |     |   | ca | the default value for        |
|           |         |     |   | ti | agricultural productivity    |
|           |         |     |   | on | for produce or leafy         |
|           |         |     |   |    | vegetables ingested by man   |
|           |         |     |   |    | in NRC 1977 (32).            |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | Y   | k | 4, | Value = 0.7 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | --      | ELD | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | Grains  |     | / | ex | The value for agricultural   |
| riculture |         |     | m | po | productivity (0.7 kg/m^2^)   |
| -- Food   |         |     | ^ | su | cited by Hamby 1991 (29) was |
| Crop      |         |     | 2 | re | used in the Base Case for    |
|           |         |     | ^ | lo | grains. This is the same as  |
|           |         |     |   | ca | the default value for        |
|           |         |     |   | ti | agricultural productivity    |
|           |         |     |   | on | for produce or leafy         |
|           |         |     |   |    | vegetables ingested by man   |
|           |         |     |   |    | in NRC 1977 (32).            |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | YE  | k | 1, | This pathway is not being    |
| --        | for     | LDA | g | By | modeled. The value assigned  |
| Ag        | animal  |     | / | ex | to this variable should not  |
| riculture | feed -- |     | m | po | affect the model             |
| -- Animal | Beef    |     | ^ | su | calculations because the     |
| Feed      | animal  |     | 2 | re | amount of beef cattle feed   |
|           | feed    |     | ^ | lo | consumed is set at Zero (see |
|           |         |     |   | ca | CONSUM for beef cattle       |
|           |         |     |   | ti | feed).                       |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | YE  | k | 2, | Value = 2.4 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | for     | LDA | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | animal  |     | / | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | feed -- |     | m | po | on the corresponding value   |
| -- Animal | Poultry |     | ^ | su | for poultry feed standing    |
| Feed      | feed    |     | 2 | re | biomass calculated from USDA |
|           |         |     | ^ | lo | 1992 data (4).               |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | YE  | k | 3, | Value = 2.4 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | for     | LDA | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | animal  |     | / | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | feed -- |     | m | po | on the corresponding value   |
| -- Animal | Milk    |     | ^ | su | for milk animal feed (corn   |
| Feed      | animal  |     | 2 | re | silage) standing biomass     |
|           | feed    |     | ^ | lo | calculated from USDA 1992    |
|           |         |     |   | ca | data (4).                    |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | YE  | k | 4, | Value = 2.4 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | for     | LDA | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | animal  |     | / | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | feed -- |     | m | po | on the corresponding value   |
| -- Animal | Egg     |     | ^ | su | for poultry feed standing    |
| Feed      | animal  |     | 2 | re | biomass calculated from USDA |
|           | feed    |     | ^ | lo | 1992 data (4).               |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | YE  | k | 5, | Value = 1.8 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | for     | LDA | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | animal  |     | / | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | feed -- |     | m | po | on Hamby 1991 (29) which     |
| -- Animal | Beef    |     | ^ | su | states, "Bermudagrass is the |
| Feed      | animal  |     | 2 | re | best hay plant for South     |
|           | forage  |     | ^ | lo | Carolina and with adequate   |
|           |         |     |   | ca | fertilization and frequent   |
|           |         |     |   | ti | cuttings, yields of up to 8  |
|           |         |     |   | on | tons per acre (1.8 kg/m^2^)  |
|           |         |     |   |    | are common." This is based   |
|           |         |     |   |    | on Clemson 1988 (30).        |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Yield   | YE  | k | 6, | Value = 1.8 kg/m^2^          |
| --        | for     | LDA | g | By |                              |
| Ag        | animal  |     | / | ex | The selected value is based  |
| riculture | feed -- |     | m | po | on the corresponding yield   |
| -- Animal | Milk    |     | ^ | su | value for beef animal        |
| Feed      | animal  |     | 2 | re | forage.                      |
|           | forage  |     | ^ | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | F       | RF1 | f | 0, | Value = 1.0                  |
| --        | raction |     | r | By |                              |
| Controls  | of      |     | a | ex | The selected value is based  |
|           | plant   |     | c | po | on the GENII default average |
|           | roots   |     | t | su | (7)                          |
|           | in      |     | i | re |                              |
|           | surface |     | o | lo |                              |
|           | soil    |     | n | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | IRT | m | 1, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | IMA | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | / | po | modeled. Several references  |
|           | time -- |     | y | su | indicate that no irrigation  |
|           | Beef    |     | r | re | occurs in the exposure       |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo | locations of interest        |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca | downstream from the SRS,     |
|           |         |     |   | ti | including Hamby 1991 (29)    |
|           |         |     |   | on | and Moore 2002 (37).         |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | IRT | m | 2, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | IMA | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           | time -- |     | y | su |                              |
|           | Poultry |     | r | re |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | IRT | m | 3, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | IMA | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           | time -- |     | y | su |                              |
|           | Milk    |     | r | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | IRT | m | 4, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | IMA | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           | time -- |     | y | su |                              |
|           | Egg     |     | r | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | IRT | m | 5, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | IMA | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           | time -- |     | y | su |                              |
|           | Beef    |     | r | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | forage  |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | IRT | m | 6, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | IMA | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           | time -- |     | y | su |                              |
|           | Milk    |     | r | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | forage  |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | IRT | m | 0, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | IMR | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | time    |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | for     |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           | resi    |     | y | su |                              |
|           | dential |     | r | re |                              |
|           | land    |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | IRT | m | 1, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | IMT | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | time -- |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | Leafy   |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           | veg     |     | y | su |                              |
|           | etables |     | r | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | IRT | m | 2, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | IMT | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | time -- |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | Root    |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           | veg     |     | y | su |                              |
|           | etables |     | r | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | IRT | m | 3, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | IMT | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | time -- |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | Fruits  |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           |         |     | y | su |                              |
|           |         |     | r | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | IRT | m | 4, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | IMT | o | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | time -- |     | n | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | Grains  |     | / | po | modeled.                     |
|           |         |     | y | su |                              |
|           |         |     | r | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | R   | i | 1, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | IRR | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | rate -- |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | Leafy   |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           | veg     |     | r | su |                              |
|           | etables |     |   | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | R   | i | 2, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | IRR | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | rate -- |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | Root    |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           | veg     |     | r | su |                              |
|           | etables |     |   | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | R   | i | 3, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | IRR | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | rate -- |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | Fruits  |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           |         |     | r | su |                              |
|           |         |     |   | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | R   | i | 4, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | IRR | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | rate -- |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | Grains  |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           |         |     | r | su |                              |
|           |         |     |   | re |                              |
|           |         |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | RI  | i | 1, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | RRA | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           | rate -- |     | r | su |                              |
|           | Beef    |     |   | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | RI  | i | 2, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | RRA | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           | rate -- |     | r | su |                              |
|           | Poultry |     |   | re |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | RI  | i | 3, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | RRA | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           | rate -- |     | r | su |                              |
|           | Milk    |     |   | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | RI  | i | 4, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | RRA | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           | rate -- |     | r | su |                              |
|           | Egg     |     |   | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | feed    |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | RI  | i | 5, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | RRA | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           | rate -- |     | r | su |                              |
|           | Beef    |     |   | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | forage  |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Animal  | RI  | i | 6, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | feed    | RRA | n | By | because the irrigation       |
|           | irr     |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
|           | igation |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           | rate -- |     | r | su |                              |
|           | Milk    |     |   | re |                              |
|           | animal  |     |   | lo |                              |
|           | forage  |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+
| Exposure  | Irr     | RI  | i | 0, | This variable is not used    |
| -- Water  | igation | RRR | n | By | because the irrigation       |
| --        | rate    |     | / | ex | pathways are not being       |
| General   | for     |     | y | po | modeled.                     |
|           | resi    |     | r | su |                              |
|           | dential |     |   | re |                              |
|           | land    |     |   | lo |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ca |                              |
|           |         |     |   | ti |                              |
|           |         |     |   | on |                              |
+-----------+---------+-----+---+----+------------------------------+

## Additional Parameter Values

This appendix identifies the source, transport, and exposure variables
used in the SRS Base Case GENII model runs, indicates the GENII module
and the section and subsection of FRAMES where the variable is used
(this corresponds to the dialog boxes contained in the FRAMES user
interface), states the units and input value(s) of each variable, and
describes how each value was determined. Supporting references are also
identified.

In addition to the variables addressed herein, another set of
variables---receptor factors---is discussed in [Appendix
E](../Appendix_E%20ready%20for%20CDC%20031405.doc). For the Base Case
analysis, the receptor factors are input into a custom post-processor
unit rather than input into GENII using the FRAMES interface.

The variables discussed here are organized according to the GENII
modules and FRAMES sections and subsections listed in Table F-10.

F-10 GENII Modules and FRAMES Sections and Subsections

  ------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
  GENII Module                    FRAMES Section and Subsection

  Source                          Atmospheric Flux

                                  Atmospheric Flux -- Flux Types

  Air                             Model Information -- Meteorological
                                  Files

                                  Model Information -- Default Parameters

                                  Model Information -- Model Parameters

                                  Model Information -- Radial Grid
                                  Definition

  Constituent Database            Partitioning

                                  Toxicity Parameters -- Exposure Factors

  Exposure                        Agriculture -- General

                                  Controls

                                  Soil -- Leaching

                                  Soil -- Resuspension

                                  Soil -- Surface Soil

  Water                           General

  River                           Surface Water
  ------------------------------- ---------------------------------------

The following notes apply to the discussions of variables and input
values in this document.

[Significant Figures]{.underline}. Generally, for any numerical value
documented, only the first two digits should be considered significant.
Some values reported here are shown with more significant digits than
are appropriate given the lack of precision in data and models. In these
cases, the additional significant digits are included to reduce the
round-off error in the subsequent computer calculations and to help
readers and reviewers trace these values to the original data sources.
For example, the value used for relative humidity---0.01125 kg/m^3^---is
a 42-year average with a standard deviation of 0.00053 kg/m^3^. This
clearly implies the last two digits in the cited value are in doubt, but
they are included so the value may be more easily traced through the
computer calculation.

[Stochastic Analysis]{.underline}. A list of the variables selected for
stochastic analysis is provided in [Chapter
12](../Chapter_12_ready%20for%20CDC_031405.doc).

[Parameters pertaining to human radiation dosimetry]{.underline}. The
GENII Health Impacts submodule and the FRAMES Constituent Parameter
section require that the code use input values for some parameters
addressing human dosimetry (e.g., lung clearance classes for
determination of dose and risk from inhalation, soil depth, and density
for determination of dose and risk from external exposure to
contaminated soil). Assumed values for these parameters are provided in
Section D.4 of [Appendix
D](../Appendix_D_ready%20for%20CDC%20031405.doc).

[References]{.underline}. Table F-11 summarizes the references used to
support the variables addressed in this appendix. Parameter values and
their bases are listed in Table F-12.

Table F-11 References Used to Support Variables Addressed in Section A.3

+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Citation  | Reference                                   | Variables |
|           |                                             | Supported |
+===========+=============================================+===========+
| ATL 2003a | Advanced Technologies and Laboratories      | Flux      |
| (38)      | International, Inc. Combining sources of    | type,     |
|           | air releases for the SRS dose               | Two,      |
|           | reconstruction. June 5, 2003.               | ARRADVAL  |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| ATL 2003b | Source Term Analysis (under preparation)    | CFLUX     |
| (39)      |                                             |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| ATL 2003c | Distribution Coefficients for Radionuclides | CLKD,     |
| (40)      | Considered in the Dose Reconstruction of    | SOILKD    |
|           | Savannah River Site. ATL June xx, 2003.     |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Chaki     | Chaki S, Parks B. CAP88-PC Version 2.1      | ABSHUM    |
| 2000 (41) | Updated Users Guide (Beta Version), Ch.12,  |           |
|           | p.8. September 2000.                        |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| DOE 2002  | Savannah River Site High-Level Waste Tank   | SLDN,     |
| (42)      | Closure Final Environmental Impact          | BULKD,    |
|           | Statement. U.S. Department of Energy.       | SSLDN     |
|           | DOE/EIS-0303. May 2002.                     |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| EPA 2000  | EPA Soil Screening Guidance for             | MOISTC    |
| (43)      | Radionuclides, Users Guide.                 |           |
|           | EPA/540-R-00-007. October 2000.             |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| EPA 2001  | Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund:     | SHOUT     |
| (44)      | Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual     |           |
|           | (Part D, Standardized Planning, Reporting,  |           |
|           | and Review of Superfund Risk Assessments),  |           |
|           | Final. U.S. Environmental Protection        |           |
|           | Agency. Publication 9285.7-47. December     |           |
|           | 2001.                                       |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| EPA 2003  | Radionuclide Table: Radionuclide            | SOLUBIL   |
| (45)      | Carcinogenicity -- Slope Factors,           |           |
|           |                                             |           |
|           | (Federal Guidance Report No.13, Morbidity   |           |
|           | Risk Coefficients, in Units of Picocuries). |           |
|           | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.       |           |
|           | <http://www.epa.gov/radia                   |           |
|           | tion/heast/docs/heast2_table_4-d2_0401.pdf> |           |
|           | . 2003.                                     |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Cook      | JR Cook, MA Phifer, EL Wilhite, KE Young.   | VLEACH    |
| 2002a     | Closure Plant for the E-Area Low-Level      |           |
| (46)      | Waste Facility, Rev. 2. WSRC-RP-2000-00425. |           |
|           | WSRC, SRS, September 2, 2002.               |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Cook      | JR Cook and EL Wilhite. Analysis of         | VLEACH    |
| 2002b     | Disposal of Lead in the E-Area Low-Level    |           |
| (47)      | Waste Facility. WSRC-TR-2002-00101. WSRC,   |           |
|           | SRS. February 20, 2002.                     |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Hamby     | Hamby DM. Land and Water Use                | VLEACH    |
| 1991 (29) | Characteristics in the Vicinity of the      |           |
|           | Savannah River Site. WSRC-RP-91-17.         |           |
|           | Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Aiken, |           |
|           | SC. March 1, 1991.                          |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Hamby     | Hamby DM. A Probabilistic Estimation of     | ABSHUM    |
| 1993 (48) | Atmospheric Tritium Dose. Health Physics;   |           |
|           | 65(1):33-40. July 1993.                     |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Hubbard   | Hubbard JE and Engelhardt M. Calculation of | RAIN,     |
| 1987 (49) | Groundwater Recharge at the Old SRP Burial  | VLEACH    |
|           | Ground Using the CREAMS Model (1961-1986).  |           |
|           | Memorandum. July 31, 1987                   |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Johnson   | Johnson JE. ^35^S Releases from Reactor     | SOLUBIL   |
| 1962 (50) | Areas. Dupont Interoffice Memorandum to CM  |           |
|           | Patterson. Savannah River Plant. RAC        |           |
|           | reference no. SKR1994020129. July 19, 1962. |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Kennedy   | WE Kennedy and DL Strenge. Residual         | LEAFRS,   |
| 1992 (22) | Radioactive Contamination from              | RESFAC    |
|           | Decommissioning, Technical Basis for        |           |
|           | Translating Contamination Levels to Annual  |           |
|           | Total Effective Dose Equivalent, Final      |           |
|           | Report. NUREG/CR-5512, PNL-7994. October    |           |
|           | 1992.                                       |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Moore     | Moore MS. Critical Pathway Assessment of    | VLEACH    |
| 2002 (37) | the Savannah River Site, Aiken, South       |           |
|           | Carolina. South Carolina Department of      |           |
|           | Health and Environmental Control. May 2002. |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Napier    | Personal communication. Napier BA, PNNL, to | Radius,   |
| 2003a     | WE Joyce, ATL International. March 4, 2003. | Density   |
| (51)      |                                             |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Napier    | Personal communication. Napier BA, PNNL, to | Density   |
| 2003b     | WE Joyce, ATL International. June 9, 2003.  |           |
| (52)      |                                             |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Napier    | Personal communication. Napier BA, PNNL, to | DEPFR1,   |
| 2003c     | WE Joyce, ATL International. March 31,      | DEPFR2    |
| (53)      | 2003.                                       |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Napier    | Personal communication. Napier BA, PNNL, to | ANDKR     |
| 2003d     | WE Joyce, ATL International. February 12,   |           |
| (54)      | 2003.                                       |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| NCDC 2003 | 2002 Local Climatological Data (LCD) Annual | RAIN      |
| (55)      | Summary with Comparative Data, Augusta, GA. |           |
|           | ISSN 0198-1587. National Oceanic and        |           |
|           | Atmospheric Administration. National        |           |
|           | Climactic Data Center. 2003.                |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| NRC 1977  | Regulatory Guide 1.109, Calculation of      | WTIM,     |
| (32)      | Annual Doses to Man from Routine Releases   | SLDN,     |
|           | of Reactor Effluents for the Purpose of     | SEDDN,    |
|           | Evaluating Compliance with 10 CFR Part 50,  | SOILT     |
|           | Appendix I. Revision 1. U.S. Nuclear        |           |
|           | Regulatory Commission. October 1977.        |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| ORNL 2002 | Food Chain Models for Risk Assessment,      | DEPFR1,   |
| (56)      | Appendix F. Risk Assessment Information     | DPVRES    |
|           | System. Oak Ridge National Laboratory.      |           |
|           | <http://risk.                               |           |
|           | lsd.ornl.gov/homepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>. |           |
|           | July 1, 2002.                               |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Phifer    | M.A Phifer and L.B. Collard. Unreviewed     | VLEACH    |
| 2003 (57) | Disposal Question Evaluation: Backfill Soil |           |
|           | Compaction Requirements.                    |           |
|           | WSRC-TR-2003-00081. WSRC, SRS. February 6,  |           |
|           | 2003.                                       |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| PNNL 2002 | Napier, BA, Strenge DL, Ramsdell JV,        | \[n       |
| (7)       | Eslinger PW, and Fosmire C. GENII Version 2 | umerous\] |
|           | Software Design Document. Pacific Northwest |           |
|           | National Laboratory (PNNL). November 2002.  |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Simpkins  | Ali A. Simpkins. Estimating Derived         | SLDN,     |
| 2002 (6)  | Response Levels at the Savannah River Site  | SEDDN     |
|           | for Use with Emergency Response Models.     |           |
|           | WSRC-MS-2002-00596. Westinghouse Savannah   |           |
|           | River Company. 2002.                        |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Till 1983 | Till JE, Meyer HR, Peterson, HT.            | WTIM,     |
| (31)      | Radiological Assessment, A Textbook on      | LEAFRS,   |
|           | Environmental Dose Analysis. NUREG/CR-3332, | DPVRES,   |
|           | ORNL-5968. September 1983.                  | RESFAC    |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Till 2001 | Till JE. FINAL REPORT, Savannah River Site  | Radius,   |
| (58)      | Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project,  | Density   |
|           | Phase II: Source Term Calculation and       |           |
|           | Ingestion Pathway Data Retrieval,           |           |
|           | Evaluation of Materials Released from the   |           |
|           | Savannah River Site. Risk Assessment        |           |
|           | Corporation, Neeses, SC. April 30, 2001.    |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Wild 2003 | Wild EW, Brigmon RL, Berry CJ, Altman DJ,   | VLEACH    |
| (59)      | Rossabi J, Looney BB, and Harris SP. D-Area |           |
|           | Drip Irrigation-Phytoremediation Project:   |           |
|           | SRTC Final Report. WSRC-TR-2002-00080.      |           |
|           | Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Aiken, |           |
|           | SC. January 2003.                           |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| WSRC 1991 | Savannah River Site Environmental Report    | SHIN,     |
| (60)      | for 1990. WSRC-IM-91-28. Westinghouse       | SWFAC     |
|           | Savannah River Company, Aiken, SC. 1991.    |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| WSRC 1992 | Savannah River Site Environmental Report    | SHIN,     |
| (61)      | for 1991. Westinghouse Savannah River       | SWFAC     |
|           | Company, Aiken, SC. 1992.                   |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+
| WSRC 1993 | Savannah River Site Environmental Report    | SHIN,     |
| (62)      | for 1992. WSRC-TR-93-075 and -077.          | SWFAC     |
|           | Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Aiken, |           |
|           | SC. 1993.                                   |           |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+-----------+

Table F-12 Values for Variables and their Bases

+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| *  | **Mo | **    | **Va   | *  | **Value and Basis**               |
| *G | dule | Varia | riable | *I |                                   |
| EN | Sect | ble** | Name   | nd |                                   |
| II | ion- |       | (Un    | ic |                                   |
| Mo | Subs |       | its)** | es |                                   |
| du | ecti |       |        | ** |                                   |
| le | on** |       |        |    |                                   |
| ** |      |       |        |    |                                   |
+====+======+=======+========+====+===================================+
| So | Atm  | Flux  | (none) | By | Value = Point source (for offsite |
| ur | osph | Type  |        | so | exposure locations)               |
| ce | eric |       |        | ur |                                   |
|    | Flux |       |        | ce | For air releases, all sources     |
|    |      |       |        |    | will be defined as point sources  |
|    |      |       |        |    | (as opposed to area sources). The |
|    |      |       |        |    | rationale is as follows: The four |
|    |      |       |        |    | defined model sources are virtual |
|    |      |       |        |    | sources representing several (\~2 |
|    |      |       |        |    | to \~5) actual sources. Most of   |
|    |      |       |        |    | the nuclide releases come from    |
|    |      |       |        |    | elevated sources (typically 61    |
|    |      |       |        |    | meters). GENII can only model an  |
|    |      |       |        |    | elevated source if it is a point  |
|    |      |       |        |    | source; area sources cannot be    |
|    |      |       |        |    | elevated. The selection of point  |
|    |      |       |        |    | or area has an effect on air      |
|    |      |       |        |    | concentrations very close to the  |
|    |      |       |        |    | release location, but would not   |
|    |      |       |        |    | have a substantive effect on      |
|    |      |       |        |    | concentrations that are far       |
|    |      |       |        |    | (several miles) from the release  |
|    |      |       |        |    | location (7,38). In this study,   |
|    |      |       |        |    | the offsite exposure locations    |
|    |      |       |        |    | are far enough away from the      |
|    |      |       |        |    | sources that using the simpler    |
|    |      |       |        |    | point source flux type is not     |
|    |      |       |        |    | expected to substantively affect  |
|    |      |       |        |    | the results.                      |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| So | Atm  | Exit  | Two    | By | Value = \[see table below\]       |
| ur | osph | h     | (m)    | m  |                                   |
| ce | eric | eight |        | ed | This variable is established for  |
|    | Flux | of    |        | ia | each of four distinct "virtual    |
|    |      | s     |        | ty | sources," each of which           |
|    |      | ource |        | pe | represents several actual         |
|    |      | (m)   |        | (  | sources. Each virtual source      |
|    |      |       |        | 3= | represents the combined releases  |
|    |      |       |        | Ai | from several physical sources     |
|    |      |       |        | r) | such as stacks or evaporation     |
|    |      |       |        |    | from basins. The exit height for  |
|    |      |       |        |    | each virtual source is based on   |
|    |      |       |        |    | the heights of the individual     |
|    |      |       |        |    | physical sources that it          |
|    |      |       |        |    | represents. The process under     |
|    |      |       |        |    | which these sources are defined   |
|    |      |       |        |    | is described in [Appendix         |
|    |      |       |        |    | A](../Appendix_A%20-%2            |
|    |      |       |        |    | 0ready%20for%20CDC%20031405.doc). |
|    |      |       |        |    | The source heights are specified  |
|    |      |       |        |    | as follows:                       |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | +------+---+-----------------+    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | *    | * | **Actual        |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | *Vir | * | Sources         |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | tual | H | Represented**   |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | So   | e |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | urce | i |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Gro  | g |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | up** | h |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | t |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | ( |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | m |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | ) |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | * |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | * |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | +------+---+-----------------+    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | 1    | 1 | A Area, M Area, |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | 0 | SRL             |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | +------+---+-----------------+    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | 2    | 6 | F Canyon, H     |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | 1 | Canyon, H Area  |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | Tritium Stack   |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | (includes       |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | stacks and      |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | basin           |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | evaporation)    |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | +------+---+-----------------+    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | 3    | 6 | C, K, and L     |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | 1 | Reactors        |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | (includes       |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | stacks and      |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | basin           |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | evaporation)    |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | +------+---+-----------------+    |
|    |      |       |        |    | | 4    | 6 | P and R         |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      | 1 | Reactors        |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   |                 |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | (includes       |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | stacks and      |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | basin           |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | |      |   | evaporation)    |    |
|    |      |       |        |    | +------+---+-----------------+    |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| So | Atm  | Re    | CFLUX  | By | Value = \[see [Appendix           |
| ur | osph | lease |        | M  | B](../Appendix_B_r                |
| ce | eric | Rate  | (pCi,  | ed | eady%20for%20CDC%20031405.doc)\]. |
|    | Flux |       | ,      | ia |                                   |
|    |      |       | p      | Ty | The release rate is the Base Case |
|    |      |       | Ci/ml) | pe | source term data. For air         |
|    |      |       |        | a  | releases, the release rate is     |
|    |      |       |        | nd | entered in the GID file (and the  |
|    |      |       |        | I  | FRAMES interface) in units of pCi |
|    |      |       |        | so | for each nuclide over a 1-year    |
|    |      |       |        | to | period (corresponding to          |
|    |      |       |        | pe | pCi/year) for each of the four    |
|    |      |       |        |    | virtual release points. For water |
|    |      |       |        |    | releases, the release is in terms |
|    |      |       |        |    | of radionuclide concentrations in |
|    |      |       |        |    | Savannah River or Lower Three     |
|    |      |       |        |    | Runs Creek (pCi/ml). .            |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| So | Atm  | Par   | Radius | By | Value = 0.5 um                    |
| ur | osph | ticle | (um)   | fl |                                   |
| ce | eric | r     |        | ux | Particle radius is used to        |
|    | Flux | adius |        | ty | characterize the source release   |
|    | --   | (um)  |        | pe | for the air pathway. The particle |
|    | Flux |       |        |    | radius value is used in the model |
|    | T    |       |        |    | to determine the rate of          |
|    | ypes |       |        |    | deposition (7). The user can      |
|    |      |       |        |    | specify multiple flux types,      |
|    |      |       |        |    | including up to three particle    |
|    |      |       |        |    | types (defined by their radii and |
|    |      |       |        |    | density) and a gas fraction for   |
|    |      |       |        |    | each nuclide. For this analysis,  |
|    |      |       |        |    | all nuclides except the following |
|    |      |       |        |    | were modeled as particles. The    |
|    |      |       |        |    | following nuclides were modeled   |
|    |      |       |        |    | as gases, based on their physical |
|    |      |       |        |    | properties: H-3 (both as HT or    |
|    |      |       |        |    | HTO), ^41^Ar, ^129^I, ^131^I      |
|    |      |       |        |    | (51). Part of the iodine source   |
|    |      |       |        |    | terms will also be modeled as a   |
|    |      |       |        |    | particulate release.              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Limited data on particle size is  |
|    |      |       |        |    | available (58), and an analysis   |
|    |      |       |        |    | of this data did not yield a      |
|    |      |       |        |    | meaningful single value or range  |
|    |      |       |        |    | of values to be used for particle |
|    |      |       |        |    | diameter. The limited available   |
|    |      |       |        |    | data focused on stack             |
|    |      |       |        |    | measurements of particle size.    |
|    |      |       |        |    | However, as used in the model,    |
|    |      |       |        |    | particle size [after]{.underline} |
|    |      |       |        |    | the time of release (i.e., at the |
|    |      |       |        |    | time of deposition) is more       |
|    |      |       |        |    | relevant. The stack measurements  |
|    |      |       |        |    | do not account for the particle   |
|    |      |       |        |    | agglomeration and other           |
|    |      |       |        |    | physiochemical changes that would |
|    |      |       |        |    | be expected to occur after the    |
|    |      |       |        |    | particles are released. A radius  |
|    |      |       |        |    | value of 0.5 micron (i.e., 1.0    |
|    |      |       |        |    | micron diameter) was selected to  |
|    |      |       |        |    | model particle deposition. At     |
|    |      |       |        |    | this size, depletion of the air   |
|    |      |       |        |    | concentration by gravitational    |
|    |      |       |        |    | deposition should be minimal,     |
|    |      |       |        |    | resulting in conservative (high)  |
|    |      |       |        |    | air concentrations at the         |
|    |      |       |        |    | exposure locations. In the        |
|    |      |       |        |    | absence of applicable data and    |
|    |      |       |        |    | with many factors causing         |
|    |      |       |        |    | variation over time, choice of a  |
|    |      |       |        |    | standard value is justified.      |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| So | Atm  | Par   | D      | By | Value = 2.0 g/cm^3^               |
| ur | osph | ticle | ensity | Pa |                                   |
| ce | eric | de    | (g/    | rt | Particle density is used with     |
|    | Flux | nsity | cm^3^) | ic | particle radius in the model to   |
|    | --   | (g/c  |        | le | determine the rate of dry         |
|    | Flux | m^3^) |        | Si | deposition (7). Previous SRS      |
|    | T    |       |        | ze | studies identified in the RAC     |
|    | ypes |       |        |    | Phase II report (58) have assumed |
|    |      |       |        |    | particle densities of 1 and 2     |
|    |      |       |        |    | g/cm^3^. However, there are no    |
|    |      |       |        |    | available data that characterize  |
|    |      |       |        |    | particle density for SRS air      |
|    |      |       |        |    | releases. Since the emissions at  |
|    |      |       |        |    | the SRS may be particulates as    |
|    |      |       |        |    | well as dehydrated solutions, a   |
|    |      |       |        |    | density between water (1.0) and   |
|    |      |       |        |    | soil (\~2.5) has some appeal.     |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| So | Atm  | N     | D      | No | Value = 0.5 (Iodine isotopes)     |
| ur | osph | onrea | ensity | ne |                                   |
| ce | eric | ctive | (fra   |    | This variable is used when a      |
|    | Flux | fra   | ction) |    | nuclide source term air release   |
|    | --   | ction |        |    | is specified as a gas rather than |
|    | Flux | if    |        |    | a particle. The nonreactive       |
|    | T    | gas   |        |    | fraction represents the           |
|    | ypes |       |        |    | proportion of the release         |
|    |      |       |        |    | quantity that is not reduced      |
|    |      |       |        |    | through degradation, except for   |
|    |      |       |        |    | iodine, which uses a special      |
|    |      |       |        |    | model (the reactive fraction is   |
|    |      |       |        |    | converted to a particle), forms   |
|    |      |       |        |    | of tritium, and noble gases. For  |
|    |      |       |        |    | forms of tritium and noble gases, |
|    |      |       |        |    | GENII automatically assigns a     |
|    |      |       |        |    | nonreactive gas fraction of 1.0.  |
|    |      |       |        |    | For other gaseous nuclides, GENII |
|    |      |       |        |    | allows a single nonreactive gas   |
|    |      |       |        |    | fraction to be specified. For     |
|    |      |       |        |    | iodine, a value of 0.5 is         |
|    |      |       |        |    | assumed, based on the assumption  |
|    |      |       |        |    | that the release will eventually  |
|    |      |       |        |    | reach equilibrium at 40%          |
|    |      |       |        |    | particle, 30% reactive gas, and   |
|    |      |       |        |    | 30% nonreactive gas (51,52).      |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| A  | M    | Name  | ARM    | No | The name of the file containing   |
| ir | odel | of    | ETFILE | ne | met data to be read into GENII is |
|    | Inf  | met   |        |    | determined according to the       |
|    | orma | file  | (met   |    | pre-processor design document     |
|    | tion |       | file   |    | (see [Appendix                    |
|    | --   |       | name)  |    | G](../Appendix_G_                 |
|    | Me   |       |        |    | ready%20for%20CDC%20031405.doc)). |
|    | teor |       |        |    |                                   |
|    | olog |       |        |    |                                   |
|    | ical |       |        |    |                                   |
|    | F    |       |        |    |                                   |
|    | iles |       |        |    |                                   |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| A  | M    | Tra   | A      | No | Value = 10 s/m                    |
| ir | odel | nsfer | RTRANS | ne |                                   |
|    | Inf  | resis | RESIST |    | Transfer resistance is used in    |
|    | orma | tance | (s/m)  |    | the GENII air deposition model as |
|    | tion | for   |        |    | a mathematical device to          |
|    | --   | I     |        |    | establish an upper limit on the   |
|    | Def  | odine |        |    | deposition velocity of            |
|    | ault |       |        |    | contaminants depositing on the    |
|    | Pa   |       |        |    | soil and foliage. The deposition  |
|    | rame |       |        |    | velocity is the factor relating   |
|    | ters |       |        |    | the concentration of contaminants |
|    |      |       |        |    | in the air and the flux rate of   |
|    |      |       |        |    | the contamination depositing on   |
|    |      |       |        |    | the ground. High transfer         |
|    |      |       |        |    | resistance reduces the deposition |
|    |      |       |        |    | velocity and the amount of        |
|    |      |       |        |    | contamination deposited. As       |
|    |      |       |        |    | transfer resistance is decreased, |
|    |      |       |        |    | deposition velocities and         |
|    |      |       |        |    | contaminant fluxes increase until |
|    |      |       |        |    | transfer resistance becomes small |
|    |      |       |        |    | in comparison to aerodynamic and  |
|    |      |       |        |    | surface resistances (which are    |
|    |      |       |        |    | calculated from near surface wind |
|    |      |       |        |    | data), at which point these other |
|    |      |       |        |    | resistances dominate dry          |
|    |      |       |        |    | deposition velocity. The GENII    |
|    |      |       |        |    | default for gases (iodine) is 10  |
|    |      |       |        |    | s/m (7). The Base Case analysis   |
|    |      |       |        |    | adopted the GENII default value   |
|    |      |       |        |    | (10 s/m).                         |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| A  | M    | Tra   | A      | No | Value = 100 s/m                   |
| ir | odel | nsfer | RTRANS | ne |                                   |
|    | Inf  | resis | RESIST |    | The transfer resistance for       |
|    | orma | tance | (s/m)  |    | particulates is used in the GENII |
|    | tion | for   |        |    | air deposition model in the same  |
|    | --   | pa    |        |    | manner as the transfer resistance |
|    | Def  | rticu |        |    | for iodine. The Base Case         |
|    | ault | lates |        |    | analysis adopted the GENII        |
|    | Pa   |       |        |    | default value of 100 s/m (7).     |
|    | rame |       |        |    |                                   |
|    | ters |       |        |    |                                   |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| A  | M    | Sigma | ARS    | No | Value = Pasquill-Gifford (NRC)    |
| ir | odel | P     | IGPARM | ne |                                   |
|    | Inf  | arama | (none) |    | This variable is used in the      |
|    | orma | teriz |        |    | GENII air dispersion module       |
|    | tion | ation |        |    | chronic plume model. This         |
|    | --   | Usage |        |    | variable is used to specify the   |
|    | M    |       |        |    | approach to calculate plume       |
|    | odel |       |        |    | diffusion coefficients which are  |
|    | Pa   |       |        |    | used to describe the spread of    |
|    | rame |       |        |    | effluents in plumes. These        |
|    | ters |       |        |    | coefficients are related to       |
|    |      |       |        |    | atmospheric turbulence and the    |
|    |      |       |        |    | time since release. Most of the   |
|    |      |       |        |    | schemes used to estimate          |
|    |      |       |        |    | diffusion coefficients are based  |
|    |      |       |        |    | on atmospheric stability classes  |
|    |      |       |        |    | and distance from the source (see |
|    |      |       |        |    | PNNL 2002, p. 59-67 \[7\]). The   |
|    |      |       |        |    | following five options available  |
|    |      |       |        |    | in GENII:                         |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Brigg's Open Country (Default)    |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Pasquill-Gifford (ISC3)           |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Pasquill-Gifford (NRC)            |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Brigg's Urban Condition, and      |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Turbulence Statistics.            |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Note: For each option, it is      |
|    |      |       |        |    | possible to select a              |
|    |      |       |        |    | user-supplied calm wind           |
|    |      |       |        |    | distribution, which includes the  |
|    |      |       |        |    | fraction of time the wind blows   |
|    |      |       |        |    | in each given direction during    |
|    |      |       |        |    | calm periods. (See GENII FRAMES   |
|    |      |       |        |    | User Interface, air dispersion    |
|    |      |       |        |    | module, Model Parameters tab.)    |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | The Pasquill-Gifford (NRC) was    |
|    |      |       |        |    | selected because it is consistent |
|    |      |       |        |    | with how SRS meteorological data  |
|    |      |       |        |    | is collected and stability        |
|    |      |       |        |    | classes determined.               |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| A  | M    | Ring  | AR     | By | Value = \[see below\].            |
| ir | odel | Dis   | RADVAL | Ri |                                   |
|    | Inf  | tance | (m)    | ng | This variable is the radii of the |
|    | orma |       |        | I  | rings used in the sector-based    |
|    | tion |       |        | nd | air dispersion analysis. When     |
|    | --   |       |        | ex | GENII determines air              |
|    | Ra   |       |        |    | concentrations at various         |
|    | dial |       |        |    | locations, the locations are      |
|    | Grid |       |        |    | moved to the closest calculation  |
|    | De   |       |        |    | point on a grid formed by         |
|    | fini |       |        |    | user-defined ring distances and   |
|    | tion |       |        |    | 16 established compass headings.  |
|    |      |       |        |    | The ring diameters will be set so |
|    |      |       |        |    | as to minimize the distance a     |
|    |      |       |        |    | exposure location must be moved   |
|    |      |       |        |    | to get to a grid point. The radii |
|    |      |       |        |    | value of each ring is set so that |
|    |      |       |        |    | it coincides with the distance    |
|    |      |       |        |    | between the source and exposure   |
|    |      |       |        |    | locations.                        |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | A separate set of ring distances  |
|    |      |       |        |    | is calculated for each source.    |
|    |      |       |        |    | Since there are 4 sources and up  |
|    |      |       |        |    | to 10 distances can be calculated |
|    |      |       |        |    | for each source, (4 x 10) 40 ring |
|    |      |       |        |    | distances are calculated. The     |
|    |      |       |        |    | distances are listed below in     |
|    |      |       |        |    | units of meters (m):              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   ------------                    |
|    |      |       |        |    | -- ------------ -------------- -- |
|    |      |       |        |    | ---------- -------------- ------- |
|    |      |       |        |    | ----- -------------- ------------ |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | **A-Area,                   **F-  |
|    |      |       |        |    | and                    **C-, K-,  |
|    |      |       |        |    | &                 **P- &          |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | M-Area, SRL**               H-Are |
|    |      |       |        |    | a**                    L-Reactors |
|    |      |       |        |    | ,                 R-Reactors**    |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                        D-Area,    |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                        CMX-TNX**  |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   **Distance                      |
|    |      |       |        |    | **   **Exposure   **Distance**    |
|    |      |       |        |    | **Exposure   **Distance**   **Exp |
|    |      |       |        |    | osure   **Distance**   **Exposure |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |      Location**                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Location**                  Locat |
|    |      |       |        |    | ion**                  Location** |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   4,824                           |
|    |      |       |        |    |         Jackson      8,666        |
|    |      |       |        |    |    On site      1,889          On |
|    |      |       |        |    |  site      8,881          On site |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   9,266                           |
|    |      |       |        |    |        New Ellenton 12,392        |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Jackson      16,582         Jac |
|    |      |       |        |    | kson      20,648         Barnwell |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   16,226                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |    On site      14,205         Ne |
|    |      |       |        |    | w Ellenton 21,092         New Ell |
|    |      |       |        |    | enton 20,666         New Ellenton |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   24,196                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |         Augusta      25,657       |
|    |      |       |        |    |    Williston    23,149         Gi |
|    |      |       |        |    | rard       20,961         Jackson |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   30,065                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |          Williston    28,585      |
|    |      |       |        |    |     Barnwell     23,629         M |
|    |      |       |        |    | artin       21,880         Martin |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   36,789                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |       Barnwell     29,293         |
|    |      |       |        |    |  Martin       27,743         Barn |
|    |      |       |        |    | well     22,354         Williston |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   37,477                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |          Girard       30,033      |
|    |      |       |        |    |     Girard       29,256         W |
|    |      |       |        |    | illiston    25,800         Girard |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   38,309                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |       Martin       33,397         |
|    |      |       |        |    |  Augusta      36,775         Wayn |
|    |      |       |        |    | esboro   36,775         Allendale |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   38,710                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |         Waynesboro   39,858       |
|    |      |       |        |    |    Waynesboro   38,318         Au |
|    |      |       |        |    | gusta      41,940         Augusta |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   54,256                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |      Allendale    45,038          |
|    |      |       |        |    | Allendale    40,178         Allen |
|    |      |       |        |    | dale    44,286         Waynesboro |
|    |      |       |        |    |   ------------                    |
|    |      |       |        |    | -- ------------ -------------- -- |
|    |      |       |        |    | ---------- -------------- ------- |
|    |      |       |        |    | ----- -------------- ------------ |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| C  | Part | Soil- | CLKD   | By | This is the same as the soil      |
| on | itio | water | (ml/g) | I  | adsorption coefficient (SOILKD),  |
| st | ning | Part  |        | so | which is addressed in the         |
| it |      | ition |        | to | Exposure-Soil-Leaching GENII      |
| Da |      | C     |        | pe | module.                           |
| ta |      | oeffi |        | a  |                                   |
| ba |      | cient |        | nd |                                   |
| se |      |       |        | Da |                                   |
|    |      |       |        | ug |                                   |
|    |      |       |        | ht |                                   |
|    |      |       |        | er |                                   |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| C  | Toxi | Water | CLWPF  | By | Value = 0.0                       |
| on | city | Pu    | (none) | i  |                                   |
| st | Pa   | rific |        | so | This variable is used in drinking |
| it | rame | ation |        | to | water/showering pathways. In the  |
| Da | ters | F     |        | pe | SRS Base Case, no families use    |
| ta | --   | actor |        | a  | the contaminated water for indoor |
| ba | Expo |       |        | nd | uses. Usage of this variable is   |
| se | sure |       |        | d  | documented in PNNL 2002, p. 156   |
|    | Fac  |       |        | au | (7).                              |
|    | tors |       |        | gh |                                   |
|    |      |       |        | te |                                   |
|    |      |       |        | rs |                                   |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Agr  | Weath | WTIM   | No | Value = 14 days                   |
| po | icul | ering | (days) | ne |                                   |
| su | ture | rate  |        |    | This variable is the weathering   |
| re | --   | con   |        |    | half-life of nuclides that have   |
|    | Gen  | stant |        |    | been deposited on plant surfaces. |
|    | eral | from  |        |    | It used in calculations of        |
|    |      | p     |        |    | contaminant levels on foliage     |
|    |      | lants |        |    | that is consumed by humans or by  |
|    |      |       |        |    | animals that are subsequently     |
|    |      |       |        |    | consumed by humans (7). NRC 1977, |
|    |      |       |        |    | p.69 (32), recommends a value of  |
|    |      |       |        |    | 14 days (this is also the GENII   |
|    |      |       |        |    | default value). Till 1983 (31)    |
|    |      |       |        |    | includes a range of values (4     |
|    |      |       |        |    | days to 300 days) and recognizes  |
|    |      |       |        |    | how the value can be affected by  |
|    |      |       |        |    | different seasons and different   |
|    |      |       |        |    | plant species. Most cited values  |
|    |      |       |        |    | are in the 10- to 30-day range    |
|    |      |       |        |    | (Till 1983, p. 5-33 to 5-38       |
|    |      |       |        |    | \[31\]). The default value (14    |
|    |      |       |        |    | days) is therefore reasonable.    |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Agr  | Dry   | DEPFR1 | No | Value = 0.25                      |
| po | icul | depos | (fra   | ne |                                   |
| su | ture | ition | ction) |    | This variable represents the      |
| re | --   | rete  |        |    | fraction of dry-deposited         |
|    | Gen  | ntion |        |    | contamination that is retained on |
|    | eral | fra   |        |    | plant surfaces. It is also        |
|    |      | ction |        |    | considered the interception       |
|    |      | to    |        |    | fraction (see Napier 2003c        |
|    |      | p     |        |    | \[53\]). The GENII default value  |
|    |      | lants |        |    | is 0.20. The selected value of    |
|    |      |       |        |    | 0.25 is considered a reasonable   |
|    |      |       |        |    | value based on the following      |
|    |      |       |        |    | analysis cited by Oak Ridge 2002  |
|    |      |       |        |    | (56)                              |
|    |      |       |        |    | (<http://risk.lsd.ornl.go         |
|    |      |       |        |    | v/homepage/bjcor271/appf.shtml>): |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | "\...The interception fraction    |
|    |      |       |        |    | accounts for the proportion of    |
|    |      |       |        |    | aerial deposition that is         |
|    |      |       |        |    | intercepted by plant surfaces.    |
|    |      |       |        |    | The interception fraction varies  |
|    |      |       |        |    | with plant type and density of    |
|    |      |       |        |    | vegetation. NRC (1977) and NCRP   |
|    |      |       |        |    | (1984) use a default value of     |
|    |      |       |        |    | 0.25 for pasture grasses and 0.2  |
|    |      |       |        |    | for vegetable crops. NCRP (1989)  |
|    |      |       |        |    | used 0.25 as the default for both |
|    |      |       |        |    | vegetables and pasture. However,  |
|    |      |       |        |    | Miller (1980) reviewed a number   |
|    |      |       |        |    | of studies and reported a range   |
|    |      |       |        |    | of 0.02-0.82 for various grasses. |
|    |      |       |        |    | The midpoint of this range (0.42) |
|    |      |       |        |    | is suggested as the default value |
|    |      |       |        |    | for use in the pasture plant      |
|    |      |       |        |    | models in this report.            |
|    |      |       |        |    | Interception fractions for        |
|    |      |       |        |    | vegetable crops ranged from       |
|    |      |       |        |    | 0.06-1.2 (Miller 1980), but 10 of |
|    |      |       |        |    | 13 values were less than 0.49.    |
|    |      |       |        |    | The value of 0.42 used for        |
|    |      |       |        |    | pasture grasses is also suggested |
|    |      |       |        |    | as the default for vegetable      |
|    |      |       |        |    | crops. Breshears et al. (1992)    |
|    |      |       |        |    | examined a number of values and   |
|    |      |       |        |    | determined that the geometric     |
|    |      |       |        |    | mean for the interception         |
|    |      |       |        |    | fraction was 0.39. The reader     |
|    |      |       |        |    | should note that there is         |
|    |      |       |        |    | considerable variability in the   |
|    |      |       |        |    | interception fraction values.     |
|    |      |       |        |    | Iodines exhibit a greater         |
|    |      |       |        |    | tendency to be retained on        |
|    |      |       |        |    | vegetation. The default iodine    |
|    |      |       |        |    | value of 1.0 from NRC (1977) is   |
|    |      |       |        |    | recommended in this white paper   |
|    |      |       |        |    | for both pasture and vegetable    |
|    |      |       |        |    | crops. The recommended value for  |
|    |      |       |        |    | interception of particles         |
|    |      |       |        |    | deposited by spray irrigation is  |
|    |      |       |        |    | 0.25; this is the default value   |
|    |      |       |        |    | used by NRC (1977) and is within  |
|    |      |       |        |    | the range reported by Miller      |
|    |      |       |        |    | (1980)."                          |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Agr  | Wet   | DEPFR2 | No | Value = 0.25                      |
| po | icul | depos | (fra   | ne |                                   |
| su | ture | ition | ction) |    | This variable represents the      |
| re | --   | rete  |        |    | fraction of wet-deposited         |
|    | Gen  | ntion |        |    | contamination that is retained on |
|    | eral | fra   |        |    | plant surfaces. It is also        |
|    |      | ction |        |    | considered the interception       |
|    |      | to    |        |    | fraction. \[see Napier 2003c\]    |
|    |      | plant |        |    | The GENII default value is 0.25.  |
|    |      | sur   |        |    | The rationale for selecting 0.25  |
|    |      | faces |        |    | is the same as described above    |
|    |      |       |        |    | for DEPFR1.                       |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Agr  | Re    | LEAFRS | No | Value = 10^-5^ & 10^-7^           |
| po | icul | suspe | (1/m)  | ne | (depending on location)           |
| su | ture | nsion |        |    |                                   |
| re | --   | f     |        |    | The values used for this variable |
|    | Gen  | actor |        |    | are the same as those used for    |
|    | eral | from  |        |    | soil resuspension for use in the  |
|    |      | soil  |        |    | soil inhalation pathway (see      |
|    |      | to    |        |    | RESFAC, below). These values are  |
|    |      | plant |        |    | 10^-5^ m^-1^ for the Girard (1),  |
|    |      | sur   |        |    | New Ellenton (5), and Williston   |
|    |      | faces |        |    | (9) exposure locations, and       |
|    |      |       |        |    | 10^-7^ m^-1^ for all other        |
|    |      |       |        |    | exposure locations.               |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Agr  | Depos | DPVRES | No | Value = 0.001 m/s.                |
| po | icul | ition | (m/s)  | ne |                                   |
| su | ture | vel   |        |    | The selected value of 0.001 m/s   |
| re | --   | ocity |        |    | is based on a review of Till      |
|    | Gen  | from  |        |    | 1983, p.5-16 through 5-21 \[31\]. |
|    | eral | soil  |        |    | Limited data are available, most  |
|    |      | to    |        |    | of it for iodine deposition.      |
|    |      | plant |        |    | Values tend to cover a range      |
|    |      | sur   |        |    | between 0.01 and 0.00001 m/s. The |
|    |      | faces |        |    | GENII Default = 0.001 m/s, and    |
|    |      |       |        |    | NCRP 1989 (as cited in ORNL 2002  |
|    |      |       |        |    | \[56\]) recommends a value of     |
|    |      |       |        |    | 1000 m/d (roughly equal to 0.01   |
|    |      |       |        |    | m/s). GENII requires a single     |
|    |      |       |        |    | value be used for all nuclides.   |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Agr  | Ra    | HARVST | No | Value = FALSE (OFF)               |
| po | icul | dionu | (o     | ne |                                   |
| su | ture | clide | n/off) |    | This variable is an on/off switch |
| re | --   | re    |        |    | used to account for reductions in |
|    | Gen  | moval |        |    | soil contamination levels         |
|    | eral | due   |        |    | resulting when contaminated       |
|    |      | to    |        |    | plants are harvested and removed  |
|    |      | harve |        |    | from the area (7). To be          |
|    |      | sting |        |    | conservative, the switch will be  |
|    |      |       |        |    | OFF in the Base Case scenario.    |
|    |      |       |        |    | OFF means that the soil           |
|    |      |       |        |    | contamination levels will not be  |
|    |      |       |        |    | automatically reduced to account  |
|    |      |       |        |    | for contamination removed from    |
|    |      |       |        |    | the field when crops are          |
|    |      |       |        |    | harvested.                        |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Cont | Abs   | ABSHUM | No | Value = 0.01125 kg/m^3^           |
| po | rols | olute | (kg    | ne |                                   |
| su |      | humi  | /m^3^) |    | The absolute humidity parameter   |
| re |      | dity, |        |    | is used only in the tritium model |
|    |      | used  |        |    | of the GENII exposure module (7). |
|    |      | only  |        |    | Only a single value is needed to  |
|    |      | for   |        |    | model the Base Case scenario. The |
|    |      | tr    |        |    | following two candidate values    |
|    |      | itium |        |    | were identified:                  |
|    |      | model |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | The value selected for the Base   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Case scenario is a site-specific  |
|    |      |       |        |    | value (0.01125 kg/m^3^).          |
|    |      |       |        |    | According to Hamby 1993 \[48\],   |
|    |      |       |        |    | weekly averages at the SRS over a |
|    |      |       |        |    | two-year period ranged from       |
|    |      |       |        |    | 0.0032 to 0.0244 kg/m^3^ (Hamby   |
|    |      |       |        |    | and Jumper 1990, cited in Hamby   |
|    |      |       |        |    | 1993, p. 34 \[48\]). Annual       |
|    |      |       |        |    | averages, however, are less       |
|    |      |       |        |    | variable. A database of average   |
|    |      |       |        |    | daily temperature and average     |
|    |      |       |        |    | daily wet-bulb temperature from   |
|    |      |       |        |    | the Columbia, SC, National        |
|    |      |       |        |    | Weather Service station were      |
|    |      |       |        |    | analyzed to generate a            |
|    |      |       |        |    | distribution of annual average    |
|    |      |       |        |    | absolute humidity values for the  |
|    |      |       |        |    | SRS. The database includes the    |
|    |      |       |        |    | 42-year period from 1949 to 1990  |
|    |      |       |        |    | and provides the basis for the    |
|    |      |       |        |    | selected value of the absolute    |
|    |      |       |        |    | humidity parameter. The mean      |
|    |      |       |        |    | value of the distribution of the  |
|    |      |       |        |    | 42 data points is 0.01125         |
|    |      |       |        |    | kg/m^3^, with a standard          |
|    |      |       |        |    | deviation of 0.00053 kg/m^3^      |
|    |      |       |        |    | (48).                             |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | An alternative, non-site-specific |
|    |      |       |        |    | default value (not used) of 0.008 |
|    |      |       |        |    | kg/m^3^ is proposed in the        |
|    |      |       |        |    | documentation for EPA's CAP88-PC  |
|    |      |       |        |    | computer model for estimating     |
|    |      |       |        |    | dose and risk for radionuclide    |
|    |      |       |        |    | emissions to air. The 0.008       |
|    |      |       |        |    | kg/m^3^ value is proposed for use |
|    |      |       |        |    | with the CAP-88 tritium module    |
|    |      |       |        |    | (Chaki 2000 \[41\]). The GENII    |
|    |      |       |        |    | default value = 0.008.            |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Cont | Av    | RAIN   | No | Value = 11.4mm/d                  |
| po | rols | erage | (mm/d) | ne |                                   |
| su |      | daily |        |    | This is the average daily rain    |
| re |      | rain  |        |    | rate, when it is raining. It is   |
|    |      | rate  |        |    | used in the calculation of wet    |
|    |      |       |        |    | deposition (7).                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | A value of 11.4 mm/d was          |
|    |      |       |        |    | calculated using data from two    |
|    |      |       |        |    | references (55,49). Hubbard 1987  |
|    |      |       |        |    | \[49\] presents annual rainfall   |
|    |      |       |        |    | data for F-Area at the SRS for    |
|    |      |       |        |    | the 1961-1986 period and          |
|    |      |       |        |    | calculates an average value of    |
|    |      |       |        |    | 48.51 inches. This value is       |
|    |      |       |        |    | slightly higher than the "normal" |
|    |      |       |        |    | annual rainfall reported for      |
|    |      |       |        |    | Augusta on NCDC 2003, p. 3 (55)   |
|    |      |       |        |    | (44.66 inches/year). NCDC 2003,   |
|    |      |       |        |    | p. 3, (55) also reports 108.2     |
|    |      |       |        |    | days/year with precipitation of   |
|    |      |       |        |    | at least 0.01 inches (normal      |
|    |      |       |        |    | long-term average). Using this    |
|    |      |       |        |    | data, the average daily rain rate |
|    |      |       |        |    | is calculated as follows:         |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | (48.51 in/yr) \* (25.4 mm/in) /   |
|    |      |       |        |    | (108.2 d/yr) = 11.4 mm/d          |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Soil | Su    | MOISTC | No | Value = 0.22                      |
| po | --   | rface | (fra   | ne |                                   |
| su | Leac | soil  | ction) |    | This variable is used in the      |
| re | hing | moi   |        |    | GENII leach rate calculations.    |
|    |      | sture |        |    | GENII offers 3 options for leach  |
|    |      | co    |        |    | rates:                            |
|    |      | ntent |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Use GENII Default leach rates     |
|    |      |       |        |    | (Not Used)                        |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Use leach rates calculated from   |
|    |      |       |        |    | user input. For this option, the  |
|    |      |       |        |    | user must specify the following   |
|    |      |       |        |    | variables:                        |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Surface Soil Thickness            |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Surf. Soil Moisture Content       |
|    |      |       |        |    | (fraction)                        |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Surf. Soil Bulk Density           |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Total Infiltration Rate           |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Soil Adsorption Coefficient (Kd), |
|    |      |       |        |    | which is specific for each        |
|    |      |       |        |    | nuclide                           |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Use User-provided leach rate      |
|    |      |       |        |    | constants. (Not Used)             |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | In this study, leach rates are    |
|    |      |       |        |    | determined using option (2),      |
|    |      |       |        |    | above. See formulas in PNNL 2002, |
|    |      |       |        |    | p.101, 104, and 143 (7). Using    |
|    |      |       |        |    | the formulas and values in EPA    |
|    |      |       |        |    | 2000, pp. A-5 and A-6 (43), the   |
|    |      |       |        |    | following soil moisture values    |
|    |      |       |        |    | can be calculated using the local |
|    |      |       |        |    | 40 cm/year infiltration rate and  |
|    |      |       |        |    | the following formula:            |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Soil Moisture (unitless fraction) |
|    |      |       |        |    | = n \* ( I / K~s~)^e^, where:     |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | n = total soil porosity (unitless |
|    |      |       |        |    | fraction) \[value = 0.4 (see      |
|    |      |       |        |    | below)\]                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | I = infiltration rate (m/yr)      |
|    |      |       |        |    | \[local value =0.373 m/yr\]       |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | K~s~ = saturated hydraulic        |
|    |      |       |        |    | conductivity (m/yr)               |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | e = soil-specific exponential     |
|    |      |       |        |    | parameter (unitless)              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Values for K~s~ and e are         |
|    |      |       |        |    | provided by EPA 2000 (43) for     |
|    |      |       |        |    | different soil types (below).     |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | For total soil porosity (n), n =  |
|    |      |       |        |    | (1 -- (dry soil bulk density /    |
|    |      |       |        |    | soil particle density))           |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Using EPA's recommended soil      |
|    |      |       |        |    | particle density value of 2.65    |
|    |      |       |        |    | g/cm^3^ and the local soil bulk   |
|    |      |       |        |    | density of 1.59 g/cm^3^, n = 0.4: |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   --------                        |
|    |      |       |        |    | ---------- ---------- ------- --- |
|    |      |       |        |    | ---------- ------------ --------- |
|    |      |       |        |    |   **Soil                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |    **I        **K~s~     **E**    |
|    |      |       |        |    | **(I/Ks)e**   **BulkSoil   **Soil |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Type**                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |   (m/yr)**   (m/yr)**             |
|    |      |       |        |    |              Porosity**   Moist** |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Sand                            |
|    |      |       |        |    |      0.373      1830       0.09   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.47          0.4          0.19 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Loam                            |
|    |      |       |        |    | y    0.373      540        0.085  |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.54          0.4          0.22 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Sand                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Sand                            |
|    |      |       |        |    | y    0.373      230        0.08   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.60          0.4          0.24 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Loam                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Silt                            |
|    |      |       |        |    |      0.373      120        0.074  |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.66          0.4          0.26 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Loam                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Loam                            |
|    |      |       |        |    |      0.373      60         0.073  |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.69          0.4          0.28 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Sand                            |
|    |      |       |        |    | y    0.373      40         0.058  |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.77          0.4          0.30 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Clay                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Loam                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Silt                            |
|    |      |       |        |    |      0.373      13         0.054  |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.83          0.4          0.33 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Clay                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Loam                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Clay                            |
|    |      |       |        |    |      0.373      20         0.05   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.82          0.4          0.33 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Loam                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Sand                            |
|    |      |       |        |    | y    0.373      10         0.042  |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.87          0.4          0.35 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Clay                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Silt                            |
|    |      |       |        |    |      0.373      8          0.042  |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.88          0.4          0.35 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Clay                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Clay                            |
|    |      |       |        |    |      0.373      5          0.039  |
|    |      |       |        |    |   0.90          0.4          0.36 |
|    |      |       |        |    |   --------                        |
|    |      |       |        |    | ---------- ---------- ------- --- |
|    |      |       |        |    | ---------- ------------ --------- |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | The soil type at the SRS was      |
|    |      |       |        |    | taken to be loamy sand, and a     |
|    |      |       |        |    | soil moisture value of 0.22 was   |
|    |      |       |        |    | selected.                         |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | So   | Su    | THICK  | No | GENII Default = 15 cm.            |
| po | il - | rface | (cm)   | ne |                                   |
| su | Leac | soil  |        |    | Used in direct exposure and leach |
| re | hing | thic  |        |    | rate calculations - See PNNL      |
|    |      | kness |        |    | 2002, p. 186 (7).                 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | (same as SURCM). This is a        |
|    |      |       |        |    | standard value widely used.       |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Soil | Total | VLEACH | No | Value = 37.3 cm/yr                |
| po | --   | in    | (      | ne |                                   |
| su | Leac | filtr | cm/yr) |    | This value is based on a study    |
| re | hing | ation |        |    | conducted at the SRS (49) which   |
|    |      | rate  |        |    | calculated ground-water recharge  |
|    |      |       |        |    | rates at the SRS in the vicinity  |
|    |      |       |        |    | of the Old SRP Burial Ground from |
|    |      |       |        |    | 1961 to 1986. Several other SRS   |
|    |      |       |        |    | and local studies have cited a    |
|    |      |       |        |    | local value of about 40 cm/yr.    |
|    |      |       |        |    | Phifer 2003, p. 5 (57), cites an  |
|    |      |       |        |    | infiltration rate of 40 cm/year   |
|    |      |       |        |    | based on "past infiltration       |
|    |      |       |        |    | studies conducted at SRS." Other  |
|    |      |       |        |    | references citing a 40 cm/yr      |
|    |      |       |        |    | infiltration rate (46,47). Wild   |
|    |      |       |        |    | 2003, p.17 (59), cites an         |
|    |      |       |        |    | infiltration rate of "1/6^th^ to  |
|    |      |       |        |    | 1/3 of rainfall" which, when      |
|    |      |       |        |    | combined with the 1961-86 average |
|    |      |       |        |    | precipitation rate at F-Area      |
|    |      |       |        |    | (48.51 inches/year \[49\]) yields |
|    |      |       |        |    | an infiltration rate of 20 to 41  |
|    |      |       |        |    | cm/year.                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | These studies use values that do  |
|    |      |       |        |    | not consider additional           |
|    |      |       |        |    | infiltration resulting from       |
|    |      |       |        |    | irrigation. In this analysis,     |
|    |      |       |        |    | irrigation is assumed to be zero  |
|    |      |       |        |    | (see Moore 2002, pp. 17-18        |
|    |      |       |        |    | \[37\], and Hamby 1991 \[29\]).   |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Soil | Soil  | SOILKD | By | This variable is also known the   |
| po | --   | adsor | (ml/g) | I  | Kd or distribution coefficient.   |
| su | Leac | ption |        | so | The Kd is used in the soil model  |
| re | hing | c     |        | to | to calculate leaching of          |
|    |      | oeffi |        | pe | contaminants from the surface     |
|    |      | cient |        | I  | soil to deeper soil (PNNL 2002,   |
|    |      |       |        | nd | pp. 105 & 143 \[7\]). Higher Kds  |
|    |      |       |        | ex | result in the contaminant         |
|    |      |       |        |    | remaining in the surface soil     |
|    |      |       |        |    | longer and resulting in higher    |
|    |      |       |        |    | availability of the contaminant   |
|    |      |       |        |    | to transfer to the air            |
|    |      |       |        |    | (resuspension) or to plants (for  |
|    |      |       |        |    | ingestion).                       |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | An analysis of available Kd data  |
|    |      |       |        |    | from several sources for the      |
|    |      |       |        |    | purpose of this model is          |
|    |      |       |        |    | presented in ATL 2003c (40). The  |
|    |      |       |        |    | Kd values resulting from the      |
|    |      |       |        |    | analysis are as follows:          |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   ---------- ------               |
|    |      |       |        |    | ----- ---- ---------- ----------- |
|    |      |       |        |    |   **Nuc.**   **Va                 |
|    |      |       |        |    | lue**        **Nuc.**   **Value** |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Am                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |  2000             Pu         4100 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Ar                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |    Not Applic       Ru         55 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   C                               |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Not Applic       S          7.5 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Ce                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |  490              Sr         3041 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Co                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |  60               Tc         2.49 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Cs                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |  59               Th         3000 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   H3                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |  0                U          1000 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   I                               |
|    |      |       |        |    |   1.55             Y          510 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   Nb                              |
|    |      |       |        |    |   160              Zn         200 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    |   P                               |
|    |      |       |        |    |   173              Zr         600 |
|    |      |       |        |    |   ---------- ------               |
|    |      |       |        |    | ----- ---- ---------- ----------- |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Soil | Re    | RESFAC | No | Value = 10^-5^ m^-1^ and 10^-7^   |
| po | --   | suspe | (1/m)  | ne | m^-1^, depending on location      |
| su | Resu | nsion |        |    |                                   |
| re | spen | f     |        |    | GENII offers 3 different ways to  |
|    | sion | actor |        |    | calculate a soil resuspension     |
|    |      |       |        |    | factor (1/m), which is multiplied |
|    |      |       |        |    | by the areal soil concentration   |
|    |      |       |        |    | (Bq/m^2^) to calculate an air     |
|    |      |       |        |    | concentration (Bq/m^3^) (PNNL     |
|    |      |       |        |    | 2002, p. 159 \[7\]):              |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Mass loading model. This method   |
|    |      |       |        |    | requires a Mass Loading Factor    |
|    |      |       |        |    | \[GENII Default = 5.00x10^-5^     |
|    |      |       |        |    | g/m3\] to calculate a             |
|    |      |       |        |    | resuspension factor (1/m). \[Not  |
|    |      |       |        |    | Used\]                            |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Anspaugh model. This is a         |
|    |      |       |        |    | time-dependent approach that is   |
|    |      |       |        |    | independent of soil               |
|    |      |       |        |    | characteristics. It calculates a  |
|    |      |       |        |    | resuspension factor that is       |
|    |      |       |        |    | exponential with time. It         |
|    |      |       |        |    | requires a top soil depth \[GENII |
|    |      |       |        |    | Default = 1 cm\]. \[Not Used\]    |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | User input of resuspension        |
|    |      |       |        |    | factor, GENII default =           |
|    |      |       |        |    | 1.0x10^-9^ m^-1^.                 |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | The third option, which allows    |
|    |      |       |        |    | the user to input a resuspension  |
|    |      |       |        |    | factor, was selected for this     |
|    |      |       |        |    | analysis.                         |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Two values are selected for this  |
|    |      |       |        |    | variable. A higher value          |
|    |      |       |        |    | (10^-5^/m) is assigned to         |
|    |      |       |        |    | exposure locations around         |
|    |      |       |        |    | agricultural areas where there is |
|    |      |       |        |    | a relatively higher level of soil |
|    |      |       |        |    | disturbance. A lower value        |
|    |      |       |        |    | (10^-7^/m) is assigned to         |
|    |      |       |        |    | exposure locations in areas where |
|    |      |       |        |    | there is comparatively less soil  |
|    |      |       |        |    | disturbance. In each case, the    |
|    |      |       |        |    | available literature does not     |
|    |      |       |        |    | identify a single preferred value |
|    |      |       |        |    | for this variable. However,       |
|    |      |       |        |    | recommended values occur over a   |
|    |      |       |        |    | range (see Kennedy 1992, Table    |
|    |      |       |        |    | 6-4 \[22\], and Till 1983, Sect   |
|    |      |       |        |    | 5.2.2.6 (p.5-30) and Table 5.8    |
|    |      |       |        |    | \[31\]).                          |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Exposure Locations, CDC           |
|    |      |       |        |    | Scenarios, (Location Index        |
|    |      |       |        |    | Numbers),                         |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | and Assigned Values for           |
|    |      |       |        |    | Resuspension Factor               |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | +-------------+---------------+   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | 1x10^-5^    | 10x10^-7^     |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | m^-1^       | m^-1^         |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             |               |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | (More       | (Less         |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Disturbed   | Disturbed     |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Exposure    | Exposure      |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Locations)  | Locations)    |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | +-------------+---------------+   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Girard --   | Waynesboro -- |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Rural       | Rural Family  |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Family One  | One (2)       |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | (1)         |               |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Augusta --    |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | New         | Urban Family  |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Ellenton -- | (3)           |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Migrant     |               |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Family (5)  | Jackson --    |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Outdoors      |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Williston   | Family(4)     |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | -- Rural    |               |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | Family Two  | Barnwell --   |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | | (9)         | Delivery      |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Person (6)    |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             |               |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Martin/LTRC   |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | -- Near River |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Family,       |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Delivery      |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Family (7 and |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | 21)           |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             |               |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Allendale --  |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Delivery      |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Family (8)    |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             |               |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Onsite        |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Location --   |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Urban Family, |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Delivery      |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Family,       |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Outdoors      |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Family (10)   |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             |               |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Savannah      |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | River         |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | Downstream    |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | |             | (22)          |   |
|    |      |       |        |    | +-------------+---------------+   |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Soil | Su    | SLDN   | No | Value = 240 kg/m^2^               |
| po | --   | rface | (kg    | ne |                                   |
| su | Sur  | soil  | /m^2^) |    | This variable is used in          |
| re | face | areal |        |    | calculating soil concentrations   |
|    | Soil | de    |        |    | for use in food chain pathways.   |
|    |      | nsity |        |    | It represents the bulk mass of    |
|    |      |       |        |    | soil into which air-deposited     |
|    |      |       |        |    | contamination is mixed. The       |
|    |      |       |        |    | selected value of is consistent   |
|    |      |       |        |    | with a soil thickness of 15 cm    |
|    |      |       |        |    | and the site-specific soil        |
|    |      |       |        |    | density of 1,600 kg/m^3^. This    |
|    |      |       |        |    | value is also equal to the        |
|    |      |       |        |    | default value (240 kg/m^3^)       |
|    |      |       |        |    | recommended by the NRC (32). The  |
|    |      |       |        |    | SRS adopted the same NRC default  |
|    |      |       |        |    | value in a dose modeling study    |
|    |      |       |        |    | (6). The 240 kg/m^2^ value is     |
|    |      |       |        |    | also the GENII default value (7). |
|    |      |       |        |    | The basis for the soil thickness  |
|    |      |       |        |    | and density values cited above is |
|    |      |       |        |    | explained below.                  |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Soil | GENII | SURCM  | No | Value = 15 cm                     |
| po | --   | soil  | (cm)   | ne |                                   |
| su | Sur  | layer |        |    | This variable is used in          |
| re | face | thic  |        |    | calculating direct exposure from  |
|    | Soil | kness |        |    | contaminated soil (PNNL 2002, p.  |
|    |      | used  |        |    | 186 \[7\]). GENII Default = 15 cm |
|    |      | for   |        |    | (7).                              |
|    |      | de    |        |    |                                   |
|    |      | nsity |        |    |                                   |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Soil | Su    | BULKD  | No | Value 1.60 g/cm^3^                |
| po | --   | rface |        | ne |                                   |
| su | Sur  | soil  | (g/    |    | This variable is used in          |
| re | face | bulk  | cm^3^) |    | connection with SURCM in the      |
|    | Soil | de    |        |    | calculation of the direct         |
|    |      | nsity |        |    | exposure pathway (7). The         |
|    |      |       |        |    | selected value of 1.60 g/cm^3^ is |
|    |      |       |        |    | based on the bulk density of soil |
|    |      |       |        |    | of the vadose zone at H and F     |
|    |      |       |        |    | areas used in DOE 2002, p.C-22    |
|    |      |       |        |    | (42) (the value was rounded from  |
|    |      |       |        |    | 1.59 g/cm^3^).                    |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Wat  | Delay | HOLDDW | No | Value = 0 days                    |
| po | er - | time  | (days) | ne |                                   |
| su | Gen  | in    |        |    | This variable is the drinking     |
| re | eral | water |        |    | water and shower inhalation       |
|    |      | di    |        |    | pathways. For the base case,      |
|    |      | strib |        |    | because no member of any exposure |
|    |      | ution |        |    | scenario is assumed to use        |
|    |      | s     |        |    | contaminated water for drinking   |
|    |      | ystem |        |    | or showering, the assumption of a |
|    |      |       |        |    | value has no effect on the base   |
|    |      |       |        |    | case assessment. It would be      |
|    |      |       |        |    | otherwise reasonable to assume    |
|    |      |       |        |    | that any river water used by a    |
|    |      |       |        |    | scenario family would have        |
|    |      |       |        |    | minimal holdup time between when  |
|    |      |       |        |    | it is removed from the river and  |
|    |      |       |        |    | used in the household. Therefore, |
|    |      |       |        |    | a value of zero (0) is assumed    |
|    |      |       |        |    | for input to GENII.               |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | W    | Shor  | SEDDN  | No | Value = 240 kg/m^2^               |
| po | ater | eline | (kg    | ne |                                   |
| su | --   | sed   | /m^2^) |    | This variable is used in          |
| re | Gen  | iment |        |    | determining the direct exposure   |
|    | eral | de    |        |    | rate resulting from contaminant   |
|    |      | nsity |        |    | deposition along the shoreline.   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Neither default nor site-specific |
|    |      |       |        |    | data for sediment density was     |
|    |      |       |        |    | found. The selected value is      |
|    |      |       |        |    | based on the value selected for   |
|    |      |       |        |    | the surface soil areal density    |
|    |      |       |        |    | (SLDN).                           |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Ex | Wat  | I     | ANDKR  | No | Value = 0.0                       |
| po | er - | ndoor | (l     | ne |                                   |
| su | Gen  | vola  | /m^3^) |    | This variable is used in          |
| re | eral | tiliz |        |    | determining the amount of         |
|    |      | ation |        |    | nuclides in water that volatilize |
|    |      | f     |        |    | into indoor breathing air. This   |
|    |      | actor |        |    | exposure pathway is not           |
|    |      | for   |        |    | considered in the base case       |
|    |      | rad   |        |    | assessment. Nonetheless, because  |
|    |      | ionuc |        |    | the variable is not contaminant   |
|    |      | lides |        |    | specific, and because most        |
|    |      |       |        |    | radionuclides that were           |
|    |      |       |        |    | discharged to surface water from  |
|    |      |       |        |    | SRS are nonvolatile, this         |
|    |      |       |        |    | variable should always be set to  |
|    |      |       |        |    | 0 (54).                           |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Re | Exte | I     | SHIN   | No | Value = 0.7                       |
| ce | rnal | ndoor | (none) | ne |                                   |
| pt | Gr   | shie  |        |    | A value of 0.7 is assumed. Values |
| or | ound | lding |        |    | of 0.5, 0.7 and 0.8 were found in |
|    | Expo | f     |        |    | the literature.                   |
|    | sure | actor |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | EPA recommends a value of 0.8 for |
|    |      |       |        |    | Reasonable Maximum Exposure in an |
|    |      |       |        |    | example screening scenario (EPA   |
|    |      |       |        |    | 2001, Example Scenario 11, Table  |
|    |      |       |        |    | 4.3 \[44\]).                      |
|    |      |       |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | Values 0.7 and 0.5 are used by    |
|    |      |       |        |    | the SRS in population dose        |
|    |      |       |        |    | modeling (WSRC 1991, p. A-48      |
|    |      |       |        |    | \[60\]; WSRC 1992, p. 115 \[61\]; |
|    |      |       |        |    | WSRC 1993, p. 133 \[62\]).        |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Re | Exte | Ou    | SHOUT  | No | Value = 1.0                       |
| ce | rnal | tdoor | (none) | ne |                                   |
| pt | Gr   | shie  |        |    | A value of 1.0 is assumed. The    |
| or | ound | lding |        |    | GENII default value = 1.0 (PNNL   |
|    | Expo | f     |        |    | 2002, p. 300 \[7\]).              |
|    | sure | actor |        |    |                                   |
|    |      |       |        |    | No shielding would be expected in |
|    |      |       |        |    | outdoor situations. A value of    |
|    |      |       |        |    | 1.0 is specified by EPA for       |
|    |      |       |        |    | Reasonable Maximum Exposure (44). |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| Re | Exte | Shor  | SWFAC  | No | Value = 0.2                       |
| ce | rnal | eline | (none) | ne |                                   |
| pt | Expo | width |        |    | The shore width factor is a       |
| or | sure | f     |        |    | factor for reduction of the       |
|    | to   | actor |        |    | external dose rate factor for     |
|    | S    |       |        |    | exposure to the shoreline. The    |
|    | hore |       |        |    | external dose rate factors are    |
|    | line |       |        |    | based on exposure to an infinite  |
|    |      |       |        |    | flat plane of contamination.      |
|    |      |       |        |    | Because most shorelines do not    |
|    |      |       |        |    | represent an infinite plane, a    |
|    |      |       |        |    | reduction is allowed to address   |
|    |      |       |        |    | this difference in geometry. A    |
|    |      |       |        |    | value of 0.2 was selected based   |
|    |      |       |        |    | on its use in SRS analyses and    |
|    |      |       |        |    | use as a GENII default value      |
|    |      |       |        |    | (PNNL 2002, p.300 \[7\], WSRC     |
|    |      |       |        |    | 1991, p.A-56 \[60\], WSRC 1992,   |
|    |      |       |        |    | p. 123 \[61\], WSRC 1992, p. 138  |
|    |      |       |        |    | \[61\]). A value of 0.2 accounts  |
|    |      |       |        |    | for the shoreline being a narrow  |
|    |      |       |        |    | strip rather than an infinite     |
|    |      |       |        |    | plane.                            |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+
| R  | Sur  | Con   | CVAL   | pC | This variable represents the      |
| iv | face | centr |        | i/ | concentration of each contaminant |
| er | W    | ation |        | ml | at a specified exposure location. |
|    | ater |       |        |    | The values for this variable      |
|    |      |       |        |    | differ based on the year of       |
|    |      |       |        |    | release, the nuclide of interest, |
|    |      |       |        |    | and the specified exposure        |
|    |      |       |        |    | location. Values for this         |
|    |      |       |        |    | variable are determined through a |
|    |      |       |        |    | separate analysis of releases,    |
|    |      |       |        |    | water flowrates, and holdup/loss  |
|    |      |       |        |    | between the release and exposure  |
|    |      |       |        |    | locations.                        |
+----+------+-------+--------+----+-----------------------------------+

## References

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[^1]: All references to GENII in this chapter refer to Version 2 of the
    GENII code.

[^2]: In this case, the FRAMES software that forms the user interface
    for GENII lets the user input values for three different transfer
    factors (CLBVLV, CLBVAF, and CLBVAH). But only CLGVLV is actually
    read by GENII and it is used for two different pathways. GENII
    ignores the values input for the other variables.