# The George Washington University

***Graduate Degree and Certificate Programs***

### In Crisis, Emergency and Risk Management

**School of Engineering and Applied Science**

**Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering**

The George Washington University's Department of Engineering Management
and Systems Engineering, supported by the GW Institute for Crisis,
Disaster, and Risk Management, offers the degree of **Master of
Science** (M.S.) with a concentration in **Crisis, Emergency, and Risk
Management** and **Graduate Level Certificate in Crisis and Emergency
Management** and a **Graduate Certificate in Emergency Management and
Public Health.** The Department also solicits applications for the
Engineering Management **Doctor of Science** degree program from persons
with research interests in the field of crisis, disaster, emergency, and
risk management.

The Certificate, and Masters and Doctor of Science degree programs are
designed to provide interdisciplinary graduate education for persons
engaged in or seeking professional careers in crisis, disaster, and
emergency management in the public, private, and not for profit sectors.
The 18 credit hour Crisis and Emergency Management Certificate program
requires completion of six Crisis, Emergency, and Risk Management
courses. The 18 credit hour Emergency Management and Public Health
Certificate program requires completion of four Crisis, Emergency, and
Risk Management courses and six credit hours from the Public Health
curriculum. The 36 credit hour Masters degree programs require
completion of four Engineering Management and Systems Engineering core
courses, four required Crisis, Emergency and Risk Management courses,
and four additional Crisis, Emergency, and Risk Management or elective
courses in the student's area of interest. The Doctor of Science degree
requires completion of six courses in a major area, four courses in a
minor area, and 24 credit hours of research and dissertation work.

####### Master of Science with a concentration in Crisis, Emergency and Risk Management

####### 

####### [Four (4) Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Core Courses]{.underline}

[EMSE 212]{.underline} The Management of Technical Organizations

[EMSE 260]{.underline} Survey of Finance and Engineering Economics

[EMSE 269]{.underline} Elements of Problem Solving and Decision Making
for Managers

[EMSE 283]{.underline} Systems Engineering

[Four (4) courses required by the Crisis, Emergency and Risk Management
Concentration]{.underline}

## 

## [EMSE 232]{.underline} Crisis and Emergency Management

## [EMSE 233]{.underline} Information Technology in Crisis and Emergency Management

[EMSE 234]{.underline} Management of Risk and Vulnerability for Natural
and Technological Hazards

###### [EMSE 256]{.underline} Information Management and Information Systems

[Four (4) Elective Courses, at least two selected from the below listed
Crisis, Emergency, and Risk Management Courses; two additional free
electives may be selected from this list, from any EMSE course, or from
outside the EMSE Department with the permission of the
Advisor]{.underline}

###### 

###### [EMSE 218]{.underline} Management of Information and Systems Security

[EMSE 238]{.underline} Issues in International Crisis and Disaster
Management

[EMSE 239]{.underline} Health and Medical Issues in Emergency Management

[EMSE 240]{.underline} Terrorism Preparedness, Critical Infrastructure
Protection, and Emergency Management

######## EMSE 298 Masters and Graduate Certificate Level Directed Studies

[EMSE 298A]{.underline} Disaster Mitigation and Recovery (spring 2003)

[EMSE 298B]{.underline} Crisis Communication (spring 2003)

## [EMSE 332]{.underline} Crisis Management, Disaster Recovery, and Organizational Continuity

[EMSE 334]{.underline} Environmental Hazard Management

[EMSE 398]{.underline} Doctoral Level Directed Studies

[PPSY 205]{.underline} Political Violence and Terrorism

**Graduate Certificate in Crisis and Emergency Management**

[Four (04) courses required by the Crisis, Emergency and Risk Management
Concentration from above]{.underline}

[Two (02) elective courses from the Crisis, Emergency and Risk
Management courses from above]{.underline}

**Graduate Certificate in Emergency Management and Public Health**

[Four (04) courses required by the Crisis, Emergency and Risk Management
Concentration from above]{.underline}

[Six (06) credit hours from the Public Health Curriculum]{.underline}

> **THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY**

**EMGT 232: Crisis and Emergency Management**

## Spring 2002 - Wednesdays, 6:00 -- 9:00 PM

**Instructor:**

# 

# Mr. George Haddow

Adjunct Professor

GWU/ICDRM

Tel: (301) 270-5554

Fax: (301) 270-2447

Email: <george_haddow@hotmail.com>

***1. Class Schedule***

# Date Class Topic

1/16/02 Introductions

1/23/02 Overview of History and Current Status of Emergency Management

1/30/02 Hazards

2/6/02 Statutory Authority and Organization

2/13/02 Communications

2/20/02 Mitigation and Preparedness

2/27/02 Response

3/6/02 Recovery

3/13/02 Business Continuity Planning

3/20/02 International

3/27/02 Terrorism

4/3/02 Review and Wrap-Up

***2. Course Products***

-   **EMSE 232 Monthly Newsletter** --produced by course participants
    and distributed by email -- publication dates: February 1, March 1
    and April 1 -- copies of last semester's newsletters can be found at
    the following website location:

> [http://www.seas.gwu.edu/\~emse232/emse232dec1](http://64.4.14.250:80/cgi-bin/linkrd?_lang=EN&lah=59539a251866eeda14388e06c4b8df77&lat=1008012279&hm___action=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seas.gwu.edu%2F~emse232%2Femse232dec1)

-   **Class Paper** -- Each student will be assigned a topic to research
    and write a paper that examines the systems and operating principals
    that drive emergency management practices. An outline of the paper
    is due for review on February 20 and the final paper is due
    March 27. Papers will be judged by three criteria:

    -   Quality of Research (40%)

    -   Quality of Writing (40%)

    -   Quality of Presentation (10%)

***3. Student Requirements***

-   Class Paper (50%)

-   Contribute to the production of Monthly Newsletter (35%)

-   Class Participation (15%)

# EMSE 233. Information Technology for Crisis and Emergency Management

# Summer 2002

6:00 to 9:00 PM

Virginia Square Campus

Instructor Information:

Elizabeth D\'Andrea

Adjunct Professor, Institute for Crisis, Disaster and Risk Management
and Professor, Engineering Management and Systems Engineering

Telephone Number: (540) 653-2377

Fax Number: (540) 371-5360

cell - 540-220-0398

E-mail:sdandrea@earthlink.net

Office Hours: Call for an appointment

## Course Description

The application of appropriate information technology to crisis and
emergency management is a national and international priority. This
course focuses on the unique nature of managing and decision making in
the high velocity, complex, and unstructured environment created by
crises and disasters. Emergency and crisis managers must take actions
and make critical decisions, under great stress and time pressure, with
incomplete and contradictory information. Effective management of
information is critical to the success of these decisions and actions.
Information management requires an understanding of the decision making
process and environment, the capability, limitations, and
appropriateness of available technologies, and the ability to collect,
store, analyze, and communicate the information required. In short, the
object is to get the right information, in the right form, to the right
people, at the right time. The course describes information requirements
analysis methods and information management procedures based on a
conceptual framework of the nature of crises, emergencies, and
disasters. Software tools such as GIS, simulation, GDSS, DSS and EIS
that have been adapted to crisis and emergency management are
demonstrated. Emerging hardware capabilities such as remote sensing,
high performance computing and communications, and advances in
interoperablity that enhance crisis and emergency management are
described. Potential areas for research are identified.

## Prerequisites

## 

## **EMSE 232\--Crisis and Emergency Management and EMSE 256 Information Management and Information Systems are recommended** 

## Course Objectives

A student who successfully completes this course should demonstrate the
following skills and knowledge:

1\. An understanding of the concepts of crisis, disaster, and emergency
management

2\. An understanding of the decision environment encountered by crisis,
emergency, and disaster managers.

3\. The ability to determine and to structure the information
requirements for a crisis or emergency management application.

4\. The ability to apply technologies such as GIS, DSS and GDSS,
simulations, and EIS to support crisis and disaster management.

5\. An understanding of remote sensing and warning system technologies
and their objectives and limitations.

6\. An understanding of the technologies used to collect and communicate
information during a crisis or emergency.

7\. An understanding of problems and issues that impede the effective
utilization of information technology in crisis, disaster and emergency
management.

## Method of Instruction

Lecture, 2 case studies, laboratory, final team project.

## Method of Evaluation

## 

## **Course Products: Students are expected to complete reading assignments prior to the class indicated on the syllabus and will complete two individual case studies and a term project. The term project will consist of an in depth investigation focused on an area of potential research interest within the scope of the course. Results of the term project will be described in a classroom presentation.** 

GRADING: The course grade will be calculated as follows:

1\. Class preparation and participation - 20%

2\. Two Individual case studies - 40%

3\. Final Term project - 40%

## Required and recommended texts

Required Texts:

An extensive site for reports and other disaster information can be
found on the Western Disaster Center site at http://www.wdc.ndin.net/.

All of these texts can be found and downloaded off the site using Adobe.
Once you are on that site, on the left is a \"reference\" hot link.

Unless you want to order a book from Amazon - I recommend you download
from this site.

Harnessing information and technology for disaster management.
http://www.wdc.ndin.net/DITF.pdf

National Research Council, Computer Science and Telecommunications
Board. 1996. Computing and Communications in the

Extreme: Research for Crisis Management and Other Applications National
Academy Press. Washington, D.C. 160 pp.

National Research Council, Computer Science and Telecommunications
Board. 1999. Information Technology Research for Crisis Management.
National Academy Press. Washington, D.C. 85 pp.
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309067901/html/

National Research Council, Board on Natural Disasters 1999. Reducing
Disaster Losses Through Better Information. National Academy Press.
Washington, D.C., 60pp. http://www.nap.edu/books/0309063396/html/

Sub Committee on Natural Disaster Reduction. Nov 2000 Effective Disaster
Warnings. Washington, D.C.

41pp.http://www.nnic.noaa.gov/CENR/NDIS_rev_Oct27.pdf

Notebook of readings to be distributed in class

GIS Materials distributed in class

References:

Alter, Steven, 1999. Information Systems and Management.

Calvo, A.B. AV. Fullerton, and M.F. Vetter. U.s. Dept. of Commerce.
1997. Information Technology and Emergency Response. NTIS

Chartrand, R.L, and K.C. Chartrand. 1988. Strategies and Systems for
Disaster Survival: The Symposium on Information Technology and

Emergency Management. Research Associates, Rockville, Md. 281. Pp.

National Research Council, Computer Science and Telecommunications
Board. 1996. The Unpredictable Uncertainty: Information Infrastructure
Through 2000. National Academy Press. Washington. 281 pp.

Waugh, Jr., William. 1999. Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters:
An Introduction to Emergency Management. NY: M.E. Sharpe.1999

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
(year). World Disasters Report (year) Oxford University Press. Oxford,
UK (Annual publication)

# EMSE 234: Management of Risk and Vulnerability for Natural and Technological Hazards 

## Summer 2002

### General Course Information

EMSE 234.10 Management of Risk and Vulnerability for Natural and
Technological Hazards

Wednesday, 6:00 PM -- 9:00 PM

Arlington, VA Graduate Education

**[Instructor Information]{.underline}**

Lead Professor - Dr. J. Rene van Dorp

Assistant Professor of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering

Office Address: Staugthon Hall, Office 207, 707 22nd Street, NW,
Washington DC 20052

Telephone Number: 202-994-6638

Fax Number: 202-994-4606

E-mail:dorpjr@seas.gwu.edu

Office Hours: Wednesday - 9:00 to 11:00 PM or by Appointment

Course Instructor -- Mr. Duane Bonniface

### Course Description

\"Natural Hazards have always been part of human history. But in the
modern world there is an increasing paradox between the outstanding
achievements of science and medicine and the continuing destruction
associated with the extremes of nature. Science itself is not without
hazard and has led to the comparatively recent emergence of threats
which arise from the misapplication and failure of technology. People
and property are now at risk not only from geophysical events, such as
earth quakes and floods, but also from industrial explosions, the

release of toxic substances and major transport accidents.\" (Source:
Environmental Hazards, Keith Smith 1992).

Risk managers have to manage risk in a meaningful manner. This requires
that risk managers can function as intermediaries between quantitative
risk assessors and risk takers (e.g. the institution employing the risk
manager or more general the public). To that end it is important that
risk managers have a common understanding of quantitative risk
assessment techniques and their limitations as well as a common
understanding of risk communication and risk perception issues.

Recommended Prerequisites: ApSc 115 and EMGT 269

Students are not expected to perform quantitative analyses similar to
the analyses performed in the prerequisite classes. However, students
will benefit more from and appreciate more the risk assesment\\risk
management concepts discussed in this class with a working knowledge of
the prerequisite cases.

### Course Objectives

The objective of this course is to introduce students to these concepts
by; (1) exposing them to material in the risk communication/risk
perception literature; (2) introducing them to basic modeling techniques
in quantitative risk assessment; (3) presenting a risk management
framework suitable for quantitative risk modeling and risk
communication, and (4) presenting case studies related to technological
hazards and natural hazards.

### Method of Instruction

Text: Course Handouts and Selected Journal Papers

Class Sessions: Students will be assigned reading assignments which they
are expected to read before class. During class the material will be
presented using slides. A copy of the slides may be viewed/printed from
this site. Students are encouraged to do so before class to reduce the
burden on taking notes.

To view or print a copy of the slides one needs to install adobe acrobat
reader which students can download for free from
http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html

Instruction : 1 hour and 30 minutes.

Break : 10 minutes.

Instruction : 1 hour and 20 minutes.

Total : 3 hours

Class Participation: Class Participation and Class Discussions are
considered to be a vital part of the course. Students are expected to
read the reading assignments before class and are expected to
participate in discussion regarding the reading assignments. The
instructor may select a student and ask her or him to briefly describe
the reading to class.

### Method of Evaluation

Students are expected to complete reading assignments prior to the class
indicated on the syllabus. Students will be assigned to complete a

Request For Proposal (=RFP)

and develop

a Proposal as a response to their own RFP

Request for Proposal: Writing a request for proposal (RFP) for a risk
assessment project will most likely be on of the tasks of a risk
manager. One of the class assignments is to prepare an RFP containing a
description of the scope of work and a decomposition of the work in a
set of tasks. The scope of work in the proposal needs to relate to a
Technical Hazard or Natural Hazard. The RFP needs to contain a clear
definition of Risk and utilize Risk Assessment/Risk Management concepts
discussed in class. The RFP may not exceed more than 5 pages.

Proposal: The second class assignment is preparing a proposal as a reply
to the student\'s RFP. The proposal needs to discuss & suggest the Risk
Assessment/Risk Management approach to be used in the proposed work. The
proposal should utilize Risk Assessment/Risk Management concepts
discussed in class. The proposal should contain the following sections

1\. Summary

2\. Introduction

3\. Objectives and Scope

4\. Background

5\. Proposed Work

6\. Project Implementation

7\. References

Section 1 may not exceed more than 1 page. Section 2 - Section 6 may not
exceed more than 15 pages.

Pages exceeding the limit set for the RFP and Proposal will be discarded
in the review

process.

Class Presentation: The third assignment is a class presentation
explaining why the student thought the topic discussed in the RFP
required a risk assessment/risk management project. In the second part
of the presentation the student needs to defend his suggested approach
as if he is given the presentation to the client for proposal selection.

Grading: 10% Class Participation + Attendance

30% Request for Proposal

50% Proposal

10% Class Presentation

### Reference Text Book

The following book contains some of the journal papers we are discussing
in

class and additional materials usefull for RFP and Proposal Development.

The Perception of Risk by Paul Slovic

Publisher: EarthScan

www.earthscan.co.uk

ISBN: 1 85383 528 5 Paperback

ISBN: 1 85383 527 7 Hardback

Check out the Publisher's web-site for additional publications on Risk
Management/Risk Assessment.

**Emse 238: current issues in international disaster & crisis
management**

**COURSE SYLLABUS**

**Robert E. McCreight, D.P. A.**

**Adjunct Professor -- George Washington University**

**Focus and Objectives:**

The graduate seminar will focus on the guiding principles, key
institutions, operational requirements, policy issues, and common
fundamentals associated with international crisis and disaster
management. By examining existing international disaster response
systems and structures utilized by the United Nations, the seminar's
main objective will be to identify and compare the principle tasks,
responsibilities and relative capabilities of international disaster
management agencies and multilateral institutions on which nation-states
must rely in handling the full spectrum of natural and man-made
disasters in terms of crisis prevention, mitigation, response and
recovery. Emphasis will be placed on identifying the essential elements
of international crisis and disaster management, in terms of the U.S.
approach towards disaster management and response, in relation to
alternative operational frameworks, structural arrangements and
comparative national capabilities using a combination of lectures,
assigned readings, guided discussion, research projects, expert panels
and exercises.

**Course Requirements and Grading Scheme:**

**Using a combination of instructor lectures, assigned readings, guest
speakers, workshops and practical exercises the seminar requires
students to discuss and examine key seminar themes. Grades will be
comprised of: a 10-15page 'NGO Study' research paper (30%); a 10-15 page
"crisis case study and lessons learned" assessment paper (30%); a formal
in-class presentation of your case study and its findings (30%); with
overall class participation in discussions and exercises (10%).**

**Class Schedule/Assigned Readings and Major Seminar Themes:**

**Class #1 \[August 28\] Course Overview**

-   **course objectives and main themes**

-   **scope of study 'Issues and Institutions within the All-Hazard
    Spectrum'**

-   **course requirements and activities**

**Class#2 \[September 4\] Fundamental Issues and Institutions**

**\--principles and perspectives on international crisis and disaster
management**

**\[norms, expectations, values, leadership, organizational
imperatives,**

> **crisis typologies, approaches toward the study of emergency and**
>
> **crisis management, resources, archived lessons-learned,
> structural-societal-**
>
> **situational-institutional-political variables in crisis context\]**

**\--analytical matrix and framework for study**

**all-hazard spectrum/national-regional-local/diversity of duties/task
clock**

**\[crisis-type/common elements/unique aspects/functional
imperatives\]**

**EMSE 238 Syllabus/ page 2:**

**Class #3 \[Sept 11\] Crisis Management USA: The de facto norm...**

**\--terms of reference/comparative priorities \[US vs UN vs others\]**

**\--International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)**

**\--UN perspectives on disasters and development**

**\--operational requirements**

**\[Normative and descriptive crisis management fundamentals;
examining**

**crisis typologies and the 'all hazard spectrum';
mitigation-relief-recovery**

> **continuum; mega-cities and failed states; complex contingency
> operations; logistics, communications, public health infrastructure,
> transport, medical, C3 components, rescue and recovery technologies,
> the beat the clock game \]**

**[Readings:]{.underline} Mileti \[Chapters 1-3\]**

**Class #4 \[Sept 18\] UN Crisis Management and the Global 911
Paradigm**

**\--key institutions and influential entities/the UN system -actors and
agents**

**\--dilemmas and challenges involving Complex Humanitarian Emergencies
(CHEs)**

**\[NGOs, media, UN, state emergency agencies, medical support,
transport,**

**military role, host country assets, donor states, and regional
cooperation\]**

**[Readings]{.underline} Cahill & Annan \[Chapters 1-4\]**

**Class #5 \[Sept 25\] The Science of Readiness & the Art of the
Possible**

**\--policy issues, political imperatives, the science of readiness- the
art of the possible**

**\--'early warning' issues and dilemmas**

**\-- the elusive quest for lessons learned**

**\[investing in readiness; comparative capabilities; self sufficiency
vs. help;**

**deterrence and insurance; infrastructure risks; recovery
imperatives;**

**nation-building, thwarting terrorism and criminal investigation
protocols\]**

**[Readings]{.underline} Mitchell \[Chapters 1-3\] Mileti \[Chapters
4-6\]**

**Class #6 \[October 2\] Institutional Imperatives and Insights**

**Speaker Panel: USAID\-\-\-\--RedCross/Salvation Army\-\-\-\--PAHO**

-   **case study \[//Hurricane Mitch\]**

-   **situation map at D+2**

-   **lessons learned/insights gleaned**

-   **read ahead case study \[Mozambique Floods/Rwanda Complex
    Emergency\]**

**[Readings]{.underline} Mitchell \[Chapters 4-6\] Cahill & Annan
\[Chapters 7-8 \]**

**EMSE 238 Syllabus/ Page 3**

**Class #7 \[October 9\] Complex WMD Contingencies & the Mother of All
Crises**

**\--Worst case Scenarios/Special Circumstances/the Acid Test**

**-suspicious outbreaks, bioterrorism (Avian Flu/West Nile/Sverdlovsk)**

**-agroterrorism/ food insecurity**

> **-nuclear accidents and incidents \[Chernobyl and TMI\]**

**-toxic cloud releases (Bhopal\--Cameroon)**

-   **Consequence Management \[DoD/StatePM/HA//PRM//OFDA//FEMA\]**

**Class #8 \[October 16\] Readiness Assessments & Contingency Plans**

**-three-dimensional chess:**

**prevention-mitigation-response/ /doctrine-training-experience**

**\[readiness assessments; cooperative arrangements; contingency
plans;**

**emergency/disaster gaming; is experience the best teacher?\]**

**-read ahead scenario \[Kobe and Loma Prieta Quakes\]**

**[Readings]{.underline} Mileti \[finish\], Mitchell \[finish\]**

**Class #9 \[ October 23\] Comparing Kobe with Loma Prieta: Outside
Assistance?..Thanks, but No Thanks............Lessons Learned?**

**\--case study exercise**

**\[in class discussion of Kyoto and Loma Prieta Quake in comparative
detail\]**

**\*\*\*\*\*NGO RESEARCH PAPER DUE\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**Class #10 \[Oct 30\] Raising the Bar: Pushing for Excellence in Crisis
Managment**

**\--top notch crisis and disaster management; cooperative technologies
and leverage**

> **\[benchmarking an international standard; the price of skill and the
> cost of time; training for improved crisis management; alternative
> operational frameworks; leadership and coordination; codification of
> lessons learned**

**Class #11 \[November 6\] Complex Humanitarian Emergencies American
Style:**

**Nobody Does it Better**

**\--US Security Policy and Disaster Response \[speakers\]**

**Kosovo as Humanitarian Disaster and Security Issue**

**Somalia as Humanitarian Disaster and Security Issue**

**Complex Emergencies/Foreign Disasters**

**\--NGOs, The Moral Imperative and the Donor/Recipient State Problem**

## Readings \[Cahill and Annan, Chapters 10-20\]

**EMSE 238 Syllabus/Page 4**

**Class #12 \[November 13\] Lingering Doubts and Future Challenges**

**/Disaster Spectrum/ Future Directions/Trends**

**\--political/economic/organizational/technical ideals**

**\--sovereignty and intervention**

**\--building the 'perfect disaster response system'**

**\[C3; funding; accountability; deployment, transport; communication
links\]**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*LESSONS LEARNED PAPER DUE\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**Class #13 \[November 20\] Media Issues: Is the Whole World Watching?**

-   **media influences good and bad**

-   **reporting news versus making news**

-   **assigning responsibility and evading it**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*FIRST GROUP STUDENT PRESENTATIONS\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**Class #14 \[November 27\] The Private Sector as Victim and Partner**

-   **bringing out the dead**

-   **'zombie infrastructures'**

-   **the costs of catastrophe---who pays?**

**\*\*\*\*\*\*SECOND GROUP STUDENT PRESENTATIONS\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**Class #15 \[December 4\] Retrospectives**

-   **insights and lessons learned**

-   **challenges and unanswered questions**

-   **course adjourns**

**\--COURSE CONCLUSION---SEMESTER ENDS**

**Required Readings**

**A Framework for Survival: Health, Human Rights and Humanitarian**

**Assistance in Conflicts and Disasters,** Kevin Cahill and Kofi Annan,
eds.

Routledge, 1999 ISBN 0415922356

**Crucibles of Hazard: Mega-Cities and Disasters in Transition,** James
Mitchell, ed.

UN Publications, 1999 ISBN 9280809873

# Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States

####  Dennis S. Mileti, 1999, John Henry Press ISBN 0309063604

**OPTIONAL READING**

**Public Health Consequences of Disasters,** Erik Noji, ed., Oxford
University Press

**REVISED 29Jan 2001; 12Aug2001**

> ***[EMSE 240]{.underline}* *Terrorism Preparedness: Critical
> Infrastructure and Emergency Management***
>
> **Lead professor**: Joseph A. Barbera, Associate Professor of
> Engineering Management, The George Washington University

**Description**: In depth investigation of terrorists, their targets and
potential methods, and the resultant implications for emergency
management mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Explores
terrorists and their motives, vulnerability of critical infrastructure
and other civilian targets, risk assessment and emergency management
interventions. Describes and critiques local, national and international
resources and initiatives in this evolving modern phenomenon.

**Goal**: To provide a multidisciplinary understanding of the phenomenon
of modern terrorist acts and the relevant emergency management
implications.

**Objectives**: At the end of this course, the participant will:

1.  Understand the general types of terrorists, their objectives,
    potential targets and methods.

2.  Understand the essential elements in developing a risk and
    vulnerability assessment related to terrorism.

3.  Understand an emergency management systems approach to addressing
    mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery for each of the
    general types of terrorist threat.

**Prerequisites**: None required, but emergency management introductory
courses or equivalent knowledge/experience are recommended.

**Coursework** (subject to change): readings, class participation,
mid-term and final papers with class presentation ("briefing") of the
papers, possible final exam.

**Syllabus** (subject to change depending upon current events):

Introduction

1.  Welcome & faculty introduction

2.  Student introductions

3.  Course goals and objectives (above)

4.  Overview of the course, assignments, methods, and announcements

5.  Terrorism definitions and brief historical review

6.  Tabletop exercise highlighting many of the important concepts to be
    covered in the course.

7.  Readings/assignments for following week.

Understanding the terrorist

1.  Faculty introduction

2.  Objectives

3.  Terrorism classifications with a description of their motivations,
    goals, potential methods (with case examples)

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a)  U.S. vs "foreign"

b)  "Religious"

c)  Nationalistic

d)  Economic

e)  Others

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4.  Readings/assignments for following week.

"Counter terrorism": mitigation, monitoring and prevention directed at
potential terrorists.

1.  Objectives

2.  Mitigating factors in development of terrorist organizations and
    recruitment of terrorists.

3.  Monitoring of potential terrorists organizations/individuals.

4.  Law enforcement strategies for preventing the implementation of
    plans.

5.  Case studies.

6.  Readings/assignments for following week.

Critical Infrastructure: Targets and methods -- implications for
emergency management

1.  Objectives

2.  Potential infrastructure targets

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a)  Usual functions of potential targets

b)  Potential terrorist methods for impacting each type of target

c)  Potential impact of successful terrorism attack on each type of
    target.

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3.  Strategies and methodologies for:

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a)  Critical infrastructure mitigation/protection

b)  Preparation for terrorism action against critical infrastructure
    targets

c)  Response to attacks

d)  Recovery

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4.  Dual use/multi-use potential of strategies

5.  Critical Infrastructure: Local, national and international
    organizations and their inter-relations.(

6.  Readings/assignments for following week.

Weapons of mass destruction overview

1.  Objectives

2.  WMD:

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a)  Definition (legal, operational),

b)  Categories with definitions

c)  Operational Overview of prep/response differences between multiple
    casualty and mass casualty

d)  Operational differences between terrorist incidents and other mass
    casualty incident responses: Forensic issues, Secondary targets,
    "Perp as victim" and other issues.

Explosives

1.  Blast

2.  Shrapnel

3.  Structural collapse

4.  Response requirements

5.  Readings/assignments for following week.

Chemical and nuclear/radiation terrorism

1.  Objectives

2.  Chemical effects by major category (inhalation, cutaneous, ingested)
    with basic pathophysiology & timelines

3.  Delivery methods

4.  Response requirements

5.  Radiation vs nuclear, delivery methods

6.  Radiation health effects & timelines

7.  Medical & environmental response

8.  Readings/assignments for following week.

Biological terrorism

1.  Objectives

2.  Readings/assignments for following week.

3.  Medical effects of biological agents by category (infectious vs
    contagious vs direct effect, with timelines) and basic
    pathophysiology (respiratory, sepsis, GI, mediastinal, etc), basic
    epidemiology

4.  Potential biological agents (major ones)

5.  Delivery methods

6.  Recognition and management/response/recovery.

7.  Readings/assignments for following week.

Presentation (briefing) of mid-term papers (terrorism & infrastructure
issues)

Weapons of Mass Destruction: Emergency Management *mitigation* and
*preparation* issues.

1.  Objectives

2.  Concepts/principles underlying effective programs:

3.  Scientifically valid, politically acceptable, cost effective,
    sustainable, multi-use.

4.  Mitigation

5.  Preparedness

6.  Surveillance

7.  Program development, implementation, training, exercise

8.  CASE STUDIES

9.  Readings/assignments for following week.

Weapons of Mass Destruction: Emergency Management *response* issues.

1.  Objectives

2.  Technical issues : What needs done?

3.  Public information & Media interaction.

4.  Management of the Terrorism Event: Crisis vs. Consequence

5.  "Who's in charge?"

6.  Local issues.

7.  FRP with Terrorism Annex,

8.  Federal Contingency Plan

9.  PDD 39 & 62, Law enforcement

10. Readings/assignments for following week.

Weapons of Mass Destruction: Emergency Management *recovery* issues.

1.  Objectives

2.  Technical issues : What needs done?

3.  Public information & recovery.

4.  "Who's in charge?"

5.  Local issues.

6.  FRP with Terrorism Annex,

7.  Federal Contingency Plan

8.  Readings/assignments for following week.

Tabletop exercise

Presentation of final papers. (Presentation of final papers (Terrorism &
WMD issues)

Course wrap-up.

**Course Syllabus**

**EMSE 298A - Hazard Mitigation in Disaster Management**

**First Convening Spring 2003**

**Course Description:** Definition of natural and man-made hazard
mitigation and its role in disaster management; analysis of past and
current government and private sector programs; examination of new
approaches; structural versus non-structural actions; role of the
natural environment in mitigating natural hazards; role of
prevention/preparedness in reducing the impacts of future terrorism
events.

**Class One: Introduction** -- Define hazard mitigation and outline
goals and objectives of the course.

**Class Two: Risk Assessment** -- What is risk assessment. What are the
different approaches and processes for assessing risk from mapping to
computer modeling to satellite imagery. What tools are currently out
there and who are the players. Review of existing research on risk
assessment including work by the Natural Hazards Center, the WorldWatch
Institute, the University of Delaware Disaster Research Center, FEMA,
National Science Foundation, Department of Transportation, Department of
Justice (terrorism) and others.

**Class Three: Hazard Reduction Programs** -- Review and analysis of
current and past government natural and man-made hazard reduction
programs including the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program
(NEHRP), FEMA's fire, hurricane, tornado, radiological emergency
preparedness and chemical stockpile programs, SBA business programs and
the COE programs in dam safety, flood management and coastal erosion.
Examination of existing private sector programs such as the PG&E
lifeline safety program in California and the AT&T cyberspace protection
program.

**Class Four: National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)** -- Review and
analysis of this unique Federal program that not only provides
subsidized flood insurance to the public in partnership with the
nation's insurance industry but also works at the community level to
promote sustainable growth that is flood resistant. Discussion of the
role of insurance and reinsurance in hazard reduction.

**Class Five: Approaches to the design of effective hazard reduction
programs** -- What qualifies as an effective hazard mitigation action.
Examination of the issue of structural vs. non-structural approaches.
What past practices are being relooked and why. Has the political
climate changed? Roles and responsibilities of the different partners in
government and the private sector. Examples of issues to be discussed
include the work done by the US Army Corps of Engineers to provide flood
protection in the United States and FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program those funds FEMA's Property Acquisition Program.

**Class Six: Techniques for Hazard Reduction** -- What authorities,
techniques, strategies, authorities etc do we have to implement hazard
reduction programs including building codes, land use planning, zoning,
reforestation, coastal setbacks, etc and how well do they work at each
level of application.

**Class Seven: Role of the Natural Environment** -- discussion of how
maintaining and nurturing our natural environment in most cases is the
most effective and least costly method for reducing the impacts of
natural events. Issues to be discussed include wetlands permitting,
global climate change, land use planning, mapping, etc.

**Class Eight: Technology Innovations** -- what is the state of the art
in hazard mitigation and how these technologies become part of the
practice and why some don't A look at the role the professional
architects and developers play.. Where are there gaps and who is
supporting research. A case study of how tornado safe rooms evolved will
be part of this session.

**Class Nine: New Local Approaches to Hazard Mitigation Part 1** -- an
examination of national and local efforts to promote community based
public-private partnerships in addressing natural hazards, using Project
Impact and NAPA, California as case studies.

**Class Ten: New Regional Approaches to Hazard Mitigation Part 2** -- an
examination of an international approach to flood mitigation in the Red
River Basin in North Dakota, Minnesota and Manitoba and an effort to
plan for future sustainable and flood resistant development in the as
yet undeveloped New River Watershed. The International Flood Mitigation
Initiative (IFMI) and the New River Watershed Mitigation Plan will be
the focus of the review.

**Class Eleven: International Approaches to Sustainable Development** --
Review and analysis of efforts by the United Nations, US Agency for
International Development, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank,
the Inter-American Development Bank and other international financial
and foreign aid agencies to promote sustainable and disaster resistant
projects in developing countries.

**Class Twelve: Economics of Hazard Mitigation** -- Review of existing
scientific research on the economic costs and benefits of hazard
mitigation. Review and analysis of existing Federal, State and local
sources of funding for hazard mitigation.

**Class Thirteen: Marketing Hazard Mitigation** -- Discussion of the
issues surrounding marketing hazard mitigation to the general public and
the business sector including examination of past marketing efforts by
the US Fire Administration to market smoke detectors and fire
extinguishers and FEMA to promote its Project Impact concept.

**Class Fourteen: Reducing the Impacts of Terrorism** -- Examination of
the costs of the Sept 11 terrorist events and discussion of how
communities, individuals, businesses and corporations can take action to
reduce the loss of life, property damage and economic disruption caused
by future terrorist events.

**Course Materials:**

FEMA Hazard Book

APA/FEMA Book on Planning for Disasters

DRC Studies on Small Businesses in Northridge and Des Moines, IA

NEHRP Yellow Book Series on earthquakes and the built environment

Hazus and other loss estimation models

NFPA Standards materials

NFIP Studies and maps

NOAA storm surge and hurricane models

Miletti Book

Project Impact materials and evaluations

USFA materials and evaluations

Cost Benefit Studies done for FEMA

Economic Studies on Insurance, Northridge Impacts, etc done by Hal
Cochran, et al.

Biennial Assessment of Dam Safety

Safe Room reports

NWF study of repetitive losses

NEHRP Five Year plan

IDB plan for hazard reduction

Hurricane Mitch Recovery Reports

IFMI reports

New River study report

NAPA materials

Unnatural Disaster study by WorldWatch Institute

NSF reports

FEMA Ad Hoc committee report on hazard mitigation

Sierra Club reports on flooding in the Midwest

Study of funding sources for WI community mitigation plan

EPA Reports on National Watershed Forum

:

**EMSE 332.CM Crisis Management, Disaster Recovery & Organizational
Continuity**

# Summary 

An introduction to crisis management and organizational continuity from
a private sector business perspective. Course content and sequence are
based on a multi-function model of crisis management and organizational
continuity, stressing function inter-relationships and the necessity for
their integration. Course topics include risk assessment and management,
contingency planning, training and exercises, the role of the crisis
management team, crisis communications, and public and private sector
roles and relationships in emergency management.

**Required Text**

The Crisis Manager : Facing Risk and Responsibility (Communication
Series) by Otto Lerbinger. Paperback (November 1996) Lawrence Erlbaum
Assoc; ISBN: 0805823875 The paperback version costs approximately
\$36.00 - \$39.95 and is available at the GWU Bookstore and through
http://barnesandnoble.com or http://www.borders.com

# Additional Course Reading Assignments 

Course reading assignments will be accessible through the Internet
and/or printed copies will be provided for those articles for which the
instructor has received reproduction and distribution permission from
the appropriate authority.

# Course Summary and Purpose 

Crisis management, disaster recovery, and organizational continuity have
become increasingly critical areas of competence for managers in private
sector, as well as public sector organizations. Significant business
disruptions or loss of consumer confidence can threaten the ability of
industrial and service organizations to provide financial benefits to
their owners and employees and to contribute to national and regional
economic recovery and viability. Natural disasters can disrupt the
supply and distribution chains for even the best-prepared business.
Service businesses are increasingly vulnerable to electrical,
communication, and other critical infrastructure failures. Industrial
disasters can have significant human and environmental impacts that lead
to potentially bankrupting liabilities. A crisis caused by harmful
products or by product tampering can seriously injure a manufacturer of
consumer products. Recent history has shown that no organization is
immune to the threat of the external terrorist or the internal saboteur.

The approach of typical business organizations to the many facets and
problems inherent in effective crisis management, disaster recovery and
organizational continuity has been fragmented. Financial departments
have dealt with loss control and risk management. Operational and
facility managers have been responsible for contingency planning, first
responder training and emergency management for industrial accidents.
Information department heads have created disaster recovery procedures
and business continuity plans. Most companies have developed crisis
management teams and procedures based on their industry type and
perceived threats that may be too narrowly focused to adequately address
the full range of vulnerabilities they may face. For example, many
petrochemical companies see crisis management as a part of the
environmental safety and health function and focus attention and
resources accordingly. Crisis management in food product companies is
often the domain of the legal and corporate communications departments
with primarily a public relations focus. In financial institutions,
crisis management has generally been closely linked to computer system
security and recovery with overall business continuity relegated to
secondary importance.

This course identifies, examines and integrates the diverse crisis
management, disaster recovery and organizational continuity issues
facing a private sector organization. Basic crisis management,
contingency planning, disaster recovery, business continuity/resumption,
and emergency management skills and knowledge elements will be
identified, discussed, developed and integrated according to the
\"Crisis Management and Organizational Continuity Model\" developed by
Professor John R. Harrald as set forth in his article \"A Strategic
Framework for Corporate Crisis Management.\" The strategic importance of
crisis management, disaster recovery and organizational continuity to
private sector organizations will be emphasized throughout the course.

Instructional methodologies, including case studies, small group
activities, and student led presentations are used to actively involve
each student in the learning process. When possible and practical,
processing of learning activities to include not only \"what\" was
learned, but the

\"so what\" and \"now what\" to complete the learning cycle will be
followed to the maximum extent possible.

# Course Objectives 

1\. Understand the similarities and differences between public sector
emergency management and private sector crisis management.

2\. Understand the concepts of crisis management, disaster recovery and
organizational continuity and apply them to the examination of
organizations presented in case studies.

3\. Understand the characteristics of an organization which indicate
crisis preparedness (or crisis proneness) and apply these
characteristics to evaluate and explain the crisis
preparedness/proneness of an organization.

4\. Understand risk assessment and its component vulnerability and risk
analysis methodologies and apply the methodologies in case studies.

5\. Understand the importance of risk perception and risk communication
in the consideration of risks associated with, natural, technological
and human induced hazards.

6\. Understand the process of business area impact analysis and apply
the process in case studies.

7\. Understand risk management and loss control strategies.

8\. Understand the contents and characteristics of realistic and
effective contingency, response, business recovery, and crisis
management plans and critique the adequacy of plans in case studies.

9\. Discuss the purpose, value and types of drills/exercises/training
sessions needed to support an effective crisis management, disaster
recovery, and organizational continuity program.

10\. Understand the composition of and resources required to create and
manage effective crisis management teams.

11\. Understand the importance of and principles of effective crisis
communications and critique the effectiveness of crisis communications
in case studies.

12\. Understand the requirements for adequate emergency event response
as related to emergency response management, business resumption and
business recovery and apply the requirements in case studies.

13\. Understand the role and responsibilities of private sector
organizational continuity in the regional and social recovery from a
major disaster.

14\. Understand the need to integrate all facets of crisis management,
disaster recovery and organizational continuity into a single crisis
management plan and the complexity of the integration effort.

**Reading Assignments**

Students are to complete reading assignments prior to the class for
which assigned. Classes will include a discussion of the assigned
readings. A course requirement is for each student to prepare a
statement of a main point of each article or chapter assigned, or a
question related to the article or chapter that can be used to
facilitate the class discussion. The instructor will call upon students
to share their statement or question with the rest of the class.

#  Issue Paper 

Choose a topic of interest (related to crisis management, disaster
recovery and organizational continuity) and pose the issue in the form
of a question for instructor approval. Upon approval, prepare a two page
issue paper with the following sections:

Issue statement

Background

Discussion

Recommendation/s

Use 1 inch margins around, size 11 font, single spaced. Include
additional page/s for footnotes, references, appendices, etc. as
required.

Issue Paper Briefing

Provide a short (3 - 4 minutes) briefing of your issue to the class.

**Student Evaluation Criteria**

Class preparation and participation (individually and in groups) 25%

including discussion of assigned reading material

2\. Mid term examination (one hour exam requiring 15% short essay
responses to questions derived from course session objectives).

3\. Final examination (one hour exam requiring 15% short essay responses
to questions derived from course session objectives).

4\. First issue paper 10%

5\. First issue paper briefing 5%

6\. Second issue paper 10%

7\. Second issue paper briefing 5%

8\. Third issue paper 10%

9\. Third issue paper briefing 5%

**Session Topics**

Session 1 - Introduction, Overview, and Terminology

Session 2 - Strategic Crisis Management, Risk, and Risk Assessment

Session 3 - Business Area Impact Analysis and Commercial Sources, Legal
Implications of Crisis Management, Risk Based Decision Making

Session 4 - Risk Perception, Risk Communication, Risk Based Decision
Making, Risk Management, First Issue Paper Due

Session 5 - Student Briefings, Insurance, Contingency Planning,
Alternate Sites

Session 6 - Contingency Planning, Natural Disasters, Training and
Exercises

Session 7 - Mid Term Exam, Incident Command System, Crisis Management
Team, Crisis Decision Making

Session 8 - Second Issue Paper Due, Mid Term Exam Review, Crisis
Communication

Session 9 - Student Briefings, Industrial Crises, Confrontation Crises,
Crises of Malevolence

Session 10 - Crises of Deception, Crises of Management Misconduct,
Business Ethics

Session 11 - Third issue Paper Due, Hind Casting Exercise

Session 12 - Student Briefings, Final Examination and Review