QuakeSim: Enabling Model Interactions in Solid Earth Science Sensor Webs

**Principal Investigator:**

Andrea Donnellan

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Mail Stop 183-335

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, CA 91109-8099

[[donnellan@jpl.nasa.gov]{.underline}](mailto:donnellan@jpl.nasa.gov)

818-354-4737

**Co-Investigators:**

John Rundle

University of California, Davis

Department of Physics

One Shields Avenue

Davis, CA  95616-8677

[[rundle@physics.ucdavis.edu]{.underline}](mailto:rundle@physics.ucdavis.edu)

530-752-6416

Geoffrey Fox and Marlon Pierce

Community Grids Laboratory

Indiana University

501 N. Morton, Suite 224

Bloomington, IN  47404-3730

[[gcf@indiana.edu]{.underline}](mailto:gcf@indiana.edu)

812-856-7977

Terry Tullis

Brown University

Department of Geological Sciences

Providence, RI 02912

<Terry_Tullis@brown.edu>

401-863-3829

Lisa Grant

University of California, Irvine

Environmental Analysis and Design

Irvine, CA 92697-7070

[[lgrant@uci.edu]{.underline}](mailto:lgrant@uci.edu)

949-824-5491

Dennis McLeod

University of Southern California

Mail Code 0781

3651 Trousdale Parkway

Los Angeles, CA 90089-0742

<mcleod@pollux.usc.edu>

213-740-7285

Walter Brooks

NASA Ames Research Center

Mail Stop 258-5

Moffett Field, California 94035

<wbrooks@mail.arc.nasa.gov>

650-604-5699

QuakeSim: Enabling Model Interactions in Solid Earth Science Sensor Webs

# Table of Contents

**Table of Contents [1](#table-of-contents)**

Proposal Summary [2](#proposal-summary)

Project Description [3](#project-description)

Applicability to Earth Science Missions
[3](#applicability-to-earth-science-missions)

Description of Proposed Technology
[5](#description-of-proposed-technology)

Applications for Earthquake Modeling and Forecasting
[8](#applications-for-earthquake-modeling-and-forecasting)

Comparative Technology Assessment
[10](#comparative-technology-assessment)

TRL Assessment [12](#trl-assessment)

Research Management Plan [12](#research-management-plan)

Personnel [13](#personnel)

Facilities and Equipment [14](#facilities-and-equipment)

Special Matters [14](#special-matters)

Curriculum Vitae [15](#curriculum-vitae)

References and Citations [25](#references-and-citations)

# Proposal Summary

We propose to expand the development of our QuakeSim Web Services
environment to integrate both real-time and archival sensor data with
high-performance computing applications for data mining and
assimilation. This work will substantially improve earthquake forecasts,
which will ultimately lead to mitigation of damage from this natural
hazard. We will federate sensor data sources, with a focus on InSAR and
GPS data, for an improved modeling environment for forecasting
earthquakes. Improved earthquake forecasting is dependent on measurement
of surface deformation as well as analysis of geological and
seismological data. Space-borne technologies, in the form of continuous
GPS networks and InSAR satellites, are the key contributors to measuring
surface deformation. These disparate measurements form a complex sensor
web in which data must be integrated into comprehensive multi-scale
models. In order to account for the complexity of modeled fault systems,
investigations must be carried out on high-performance computers. We
will build upon our "Grid of Grids" approach, which included the
development of extensive Geographical Information System-based "Data
Grid" services. In this project we will extend our earlier approach to
integrate the Data Grid components with improved "Execution Grid"
services that are suitable for interacting with high-end computing
resources. These services will be deployed on the Columbia computer at
NASA Ames and the Cosmos computer cluster at JPL. Our period of
performance is October 2, 2006 -- September 25, 2009. Entry level TRL of
this project is 3 with an exit TRL at the end of the project of 5.

# Project Description

We propose to expand the development of our QuakeSim Web Services
environment to integrate both real-time and archival sensor data with
high-performance computing applications for data mining and
assimilation. We will federate sensor data sources, focussing on InSAR
and GPS data, to improve the modeling environment for forecasting
earthquakes. Better earthquake forecasting is dependent on measurement
of surface deformation as well as analysis of geological and
seismological data. Spaceborne technologies, in the form of GPS networks
and InSAR satellites, are the key contributors to measuring surface
deformation. These disparate measurements form a complex sensor web in
which data must be integrated into comprehensive multi-scale models.

In order to account for the complexity of modeled fault systems,
investigations must be carried out on high-performance computers. We
will build upon our "Grid of Grids" approach investigated through
previous AIST funding. This included the development of extensive
Geographical Information System-based "Data Grid" services to support
ontologically described geographic data archives as well as middleware
to support real-time streaming GPS data. In this project we will extend
our earlier approach to integrate the Data Grid components with improved
"Execution Grid" services that are suitable for interacting with
high-end computing resources. These services will be deployed on the
Columbia computer at NASA Ames and the Cosmos computer cluster at JPL.

## Applicability to Earth Science Missions

NASA was a key contributor to the Southern California Integrated GPS
Network (SCIGN), a network of 250 continuously operating GPS stations.
Data from SCIGN are in the form of daily position time series of surface
deformation. The data can be analyzed for transient station motions from
the time series, or the long-term vector motions can be used to model
fault activity in southern California. This work will serve to increase
the scientific output from SCIGN. SCIGN also recently has added real
time position data (at the rate of 1-2 Hz) for selected sensor networks.

For over a decade, the solid Earth science community has been analyzing
data from radar satellites and preparing for a US-led Interferometric
Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) mission. A goal of this project is to
prepare for the anticipated data deluge from an InSAR mission. This will
serve to help develop the necessary data and modeling infrastructure for
an InSAR mission. We will also carry out simulations that will assist
with selecting target areas and the frequency of data takes at the
targets for the mission.

Use of NASA's Columbia computer will enable us to construct the complex
and detailed models necessary for accurate understanding and forecasting
of earthquakes. Columbia provides an integrated computing, visualization
and data storage environment to help NASA meet its mission goals and the
Vision for Space Exploration. This project will integrate NASA's
spaceborne data with ground-based data and simulations using NASA's
high-end computational infrastructure. We will meet a practical need of
contributing to the mitigation of disasters from earthquakes while
developing Web Service and computational tools that can be applied more
broadly to other scientific problems. We will address issues, including
security, of communication with supercomputers through a Web Services
environment making use of existing and planned NASA missions.

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="6.0in" height="4.2in"}

Figure 1. Relevancy Scenario showing mapping between a geophysical
sensor web for studying earthquakes and the Earth Surface and Interior
focus area. The sensor web is in the left column, which consists of GPS
and seismic networks and InSAR satellites, feeds into simulation and
datamining tools.

### Relevancy Scenario

Enabling model interactions in sensor webs will lead to improved
estimates of damage probability for mitigating losses from potential
earthquakes. It is directly related to the Earth Surface and Interior
focus area. *The overarching goal of the Earth\'s Surface and Interior
Structure focus area is to assess, mitigate and forecast the natural
hazards that affect society, including such phenomena as
earthquakes\....* Our sensor web data sources consist of surface
deformation data from GPS and InSAR satellites and seismicity from the
California Integrated Seismic Network. These are coupled to QuakeTables,
the earthquake fault database service and simulation and data-mining
tools (Figure 1) through execution services for application management.
The high performance software GeoFEST, Virtual California, and PARK are
used for simulations and the PI and RDAHMM methods make up the
data-mining tools. Outputs of these models describe potential
earthquakes. The locations of potential earthquakes, combined with
attenuation models, indicating how shaking diminishes from the source of
the earthquake, and local site effects are used to determine probable
ground motions. These potential ground motions combined with the
response of structures are used to estimate damage probability. Once
this is known, strategies to mitigate the effects of earthquakes such as
targeted retrofitting and disaster preparation can be more effectively
developed.

## Description of Proposed Technology

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="3.609722222222222in"
height="3.9097222222222223in"}*Enabling Model Interactions in Sensor
Webs.* We will focus on the sub-topics, "Interoperable data ingestion
for scientific algorithms," "data input from emerging Grid and Web
common languages,"and "semantic metadata to enable transformation,
exchange, and fusion." We will build upon our earlier research work
involving data assimilation, high performance computing, semantic data
modeling, and building Geographical Information Systems as Web
Service-based Grids. The objectives of our project will be a) the
extension of data assimilation and analysis applications to high
performance computing platforms, b) the support for InSAR data in
anticipation of future InSAR satellite missions, and c) and the
deployment and integration of services for high performance computing
resources with our data services infrastructure. We will provide
interoperable data ingest as well as easy plug-and-play structure for
scientific algorithms, and will develop our system using emerging grid
and web common languages. The goal is to rapidly produce scientific
understanding of earthquake processes and develop testable earthquake
forecasts and forecasting methodology to be integrated into operational
agencies (Figure 2).

We will focus on ingesting InSAR data and integrating it with other data
types such as GPS and paleoseismic (fault) data into models of
interacting fault systems. These data sources are made available through
both archival and real-time Web Services based on the Geographical
Information System service specifications defined by the Open Geospatial
Consortium. A Web Services management system, HPSearch, and Web Service
information systems (based on UDDI and WS-Context) provide the glue that
couples these data sources and the applications.

Our system currently does not support high performance computing
resources, which must be used to realistically investigate the more
interesting data mining and assimilation problems. Thus the two primary
challenges for this proposal are a) building upon our earlier successes
in high performance computing applications by applying them to new and
larger data sets, and b) integrating the high performance applications
and their associated sensor data (Table 1) with our Service Oriented
Architecture.

  ---------------- -------------- -------------------------------------------
  **Sensor Data    **Software**   **Description**
  Type**                          

  InSAR            GeoFEST        Models surface deformations caused by
                                  faults stress; directly comparable to InSAR
                                  results.

  Seismic activity Virtual        Uses interacting fault models, calculates
  records (SCSN,   California     long range earthquake activity forecasts
  SCEDC, etc).                    and compares to seismic activity archives
                                  for best-cost analysis.

  Seismic activity Pattern        Hot-spot forecasting based on data
  records          Informatics    assimilation of seismic activity archives.

  GPS position     RDAHMM         Time series analysis and mode detection in
  archives (JPL,                  GPS and other signals.
  SOPAC, etc)                     

  GPS, InSAR       Simplex        Optimally finds a dislocation model of
                                  fault slip that accounts for GPS and inSAR
                                  deformation data.

  Seismicity       PARK           Determines model parameters that best
  patterns                        reproduce the observed seismicity patterns.
  ---------------- -------------- -------------------------------------------

Table 1. Description of high-performance and other software modules and
their sensor data relevance. SERVO's supported sensor web data sources
are summarized at http://www.crisisgrid.org/html/servo.html.

Our primary goal is to establish the necessary infrastructure and
develop optimal techniques to understand the relationship between the
observable space-time patterns of earthquakes and the underlying,
nonlinear stress-strain dynamics that are inaccessible or unobservable
in nature. This will ultimately lead to vastly improved earthquake
forecasting and possibly prediction. Our primary objective is to achieve
sufficient understanding allowing us to make reliable earthquake
forecasts that will be of use to the public. We summarize below a) our
data and information services that support sensor webs, b) techniques
for integrating these with high performance computing resources, and c)
the applications (Table 1).

### Geographical Information Services, GPS Sensors Webs, and Workflow for SERVOGrid

The NASA AIST funded SERVOGrid project \[Donnellan, 2006\] has developed
component-based portals and Web Services to support geophysical
applications. Applications include traditional high performance software
as well as data analysis and assimilation codes. The modeling
applications include GeoFEST \[Parker, 2003\], a finite element model
that simulates stresses associated with earthquake faults, Virtual
California \[Rundle, 2002\], which simulates large, interacting fault
systems, and PARK \[Tullis, 2003\], which simulates complete earthquake
cycles and earthquake interaction. Analysis methods include Pattern
Informatics \[Tiampo, 2002\], which examines seismic archives to
forecast geographic regions of future high probability for intense
earthquakes, and RDAHMM \[Granat, 2004\], a time series analysis
application that can be used to determine state changes in instrument
signals (such as generated by Global Positioning System arrays).

**GIS Services:** Much of our Web Service development work has focused
on developing Geographical Information System (GIS) data services and
integrating them with the applications listed above. We have implemented
and extended a number of the Open Geospatial Consortium's standards,
including the Web Feature Service \[Vretanos, 2002\], a general purpose
data archive, typically built on the top of a relational database, and
the Web Map Service \[Beaujardiere, 2002\], a Web Service for rendering
Web Feature Service entries as human readable maps. The work summarized
at *www.crisisgrid.org.* An extensive technical report is available
\[Aktas et al, 2005a\].

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="5.808333333333334in" height="2.7375in"}

Figure 3. SERVOGrid\'s middleware supports streaming GPS data and
topic-based publication and subscription to filters. Output filters
include the Open Geospatial Consortium's "Observations and Measurements"
schema (GML-OM). Additional filters (such as wrappers for RDAHMM ) are
being tested for real-time data analysis.

**Real-Time Data Support:** Our Web Feature Service is capable of
storing archived data (such as GPS, seismic records, and fault data),
but we are also integrating real-time GPS data streams with
applications. Our approach is based on combining the Sensor Web Service
modeling languages such as SensorML \[Botts, 2006\] with topic-based
publish/subscribe middleware \[Pallickara, 2003\] that can be used to
route and filter live data streams. We have prototyped this in the AIST
project using RDAHMM. We currently support over 7 GPS sub-networks that
contain over 70 individual stations in the Southern California
Integrated GPS Network. We are interested in addressing scaling and
performance issues as we increase the number of GPS stations and in
combining the streaming applications with other event detection
applications. A summary of our work is available from \[Fox, 2005\] and
\[Aydin, 2005\].

**Workflow and Management:** Both archival and real-time Grid
applications require the integration of many different services (for
data, execution, stream routing, etc.) into a complex meta-application.
The management of these services is typically called workflow. We have
developed a general purpose Web Services management tool, HPSearch
(www.hpsearch.org), that can manage SERVO's Geographical Information
System services, GPS data streams, and applications such as Pattern
Informatics and GeoFEST \[Aydin, 2005b\]. This work is described in
extensive detail in \[Aydin, 2005\]. In this project, we propose to
extend HPSearch to support secure Web Services (such as is available
from Globus) for running applications on high performance computers.

**Information and Context:** We have also developed distributed
information services to support both stateless and stateful information
in distributed Web Services. These are based on the UDDI \[Bellwood,
2003\] and WS-Context \[Bunting, 2003\] specifications, respectively.
Stateless information sources are those that respond to all queries in
the same way. Stateful information depends on which client makes the
query. For example, different users may be interested in receiving
information about different collections of GPS stations. Matching these
users to the station streams of Fig. 3 is an example of a context
\[Aktas, 2005b,c\].

### Web Services to Support High Performance Computing 

The challenge of this project is to combine sensor data, accessible
through the Data Grid Services with high performance resources to
investigate challenging problems in earthquake modeling and forecasting
using the applications listed in Table 1. To address this issue, we will
not reinvent technology but will instead rely upon third party
solutions. The current version of the Globus Toolkit (Version 4)
\[Foster, 2005\] has been significantly revised to make use of Web
Service standards. Also, the client-programming environment for Grid
portals (grid portlets \[Alameda, 2006; Nacar, 2005\] and the Java CoG
Kit \[Amin, 2004\]) has undergone significant enhancements. Globus
services solve the two shortcomings in our current job management
services: they have built-in job managers that translate user requests
into different job scheduling systems (including PBS and others), and
they have a security system that is capable of spawning jobs as specific
users.

We will build Web services and Web portlet clients that can interact
with selected HPC resources: Columbia at NASA Ames and Cosmos at JPL. In
addition to development support, we include system administration
support for installing and running Globus. In our experience the Globus
toolkit requires commitment and maintenance from local security and
system administration personnel to manage firewall issues, account
creation, and similar deployment problems. Therefore, we include Charles
Norton from JPL and Walter Brooks from NASA Ames on our project team.

## Applications for Earthquake Modeling and Forecasting

Table 1 summarizes data sources that we will use and their associated
applications. Here, we provide a more detailed description of these
applications.

**Virtual California and GeoFEST:** Virtual California (VC) is a
numerical simulation code for the system-level dynamics of the vertical
strike-slip fault configuration in California \[Rundle *et al*, 2000;
Rundle *et al*, 2001\]. The majority of plate boundary deformation in
California is accommodated by slip (i.e. earthquakes) on the strike-slip
faults included in VC models. We have recently developed a much more
detailed model having approximately 10,000 elements at a scale of
resolution of approximately 3 km. We have parallelized the code with an
MPI implementation using MPICH. A limitation of Virtual California is
that it currently models only vertical strike slip faults. In this
project we will add dipping thrust and normal faults to the existing
QuakeTables fault data base, and couple Virtual California with GeoFEST
to compute the necessary Green's functions. In the latest version, VC
forecasting calculations can be trained on existing seismic data
archives. The importance of adding these faults was demonstrated by the
1994 Northridge earthquake on a blind thrust fault beneath the Los
Angeles metropolitan region. Dipping faults must be included in the data
base to enable forecasting based on VC simulations and interpretation of
hotspot maps based on processing sensor web archives of seismicity data.

**PARK:** The PARK code \[Tullis, 2003\] runs on both Columbia and the
JPL cluster. It uses fast multipoles to allow the efficient use of many
elements in a boundary element representation of earthquake slip using
rate and state friction and radiation damping, the most accurate
representation presently available of the quasi-dynamic behavior of
faults. Ongoing studies using the PARK code are focused on the Richter
magnitude ranges from 1.0 to 6.0 at Parkfield California, using a
multi-scale grid representation. The same approach using the multipole
method and a wide range of element sizes can be used on any array of
fault elements on any number of faults, covering any sized area of
interest -- our Virtual California code is an example of a coarser scale
gridding scheme covering a much larger area and using a simplified
frictional representation.

**Pattern Informatics and Relative Intensity Methods:** We have
developed two types of hotspot map, the original seismic Pattern
Informatics (PI) map and the Relative Intensity (RI) map. Both were
first discussed as possible forecast tools over a 10-year time span in
\[Rundle *et al*, 2002\]. In that work the original hotspot map was
published February 19, 2002. During the time of the forecast (January 1,
2002 -- 2010), 18 significant events with M \~ 5.0 or greater have
occurred in the area of the original forecast map, with 16 of them
showing a close spatial relationship to the colored hotspots
(<http://quakesim.jpl.nasa.gov/scorecard.html>). 15 of these events
occurred after February 19, 2002, and 13 of those were among the group
near the hotspots.

**RDAHMM:** Signals of interest, particularly those indicating stress
transfer between faults, are very subtle, and often overlain by other
sorts of signals, arising from sources as diverse as aquifer activity
and atmospheric disturbances Our statistical modeling approach, RDHAMM
\[Granat, 2004\], allows us to automatically infer modes of activity
within individual time series and across a network of sensors. Our
unique modeling technology will allow us to be effective even in cases
in which there is no model for the observed system, as well as overcome
stability problems that plague standard methods.

One challenge we face is that the method needs to be computationally
swift enough to be applied in real time to streaming sensor data.
Current model fitting methods, including the one we outline above, are
iterative approaches that can take an unacceptably long time to
converge. We will solve this problem by using methods such as conjugate
gradient acceleration to speed convergence. In order to take advantage
of situations in which multiple computational processors are available,
wherever possible we will implement our methods so that they can be run
in parallel.

**Data Fitting Techniques:** In order to develop an effective and
precise algorithmic component for the coming complex sensor web, we need
to integrate data and modeling software at the level where sensor
observations are sensitive to model parameters. Because we intend the
system to be used where processes are still uncharted, it is essential
that new modeling components be straightforward to add, by geophysicists
beyond the current team. We will plan and build a data-fitting core
software module such that new data or new models may be correctly
combined with prior data using all the information in each, fully
compatible with distributed components.

Initial progress toward this will be rapid by expanding the **Simplex**
application of QuakeSim, to include additional physical deformation
processes and data types, and to separate the core data-fitting
functions from the modeling software and the data input. Included
processes will include subsurface loads (aquifers, oil extraction, and
volcanic inflation), additional fault models such as locking depth slip,
addition of dipping faults, and partially known systematic errors. The
QuakeSim environment will be enhanced for ease of problem setup and
documentation for these process estimation runs. Simplex estimates slip
on faults and will estimate other deformation processes; but it is
limited to homogeneous elastic models, and so we will develop a
correction step, wherein the Simplex estimate of fault slip
automatically becomes the basis of a suite of detailed finite element
simulation including known materials variation. This suite of results
will indicate the best first-order correction to the fault parameters,
often a sufficient result. The potential for fully-iterative optimal
fits to data will be evaluated.

The goal is a broadly adaptable integrated system of precision surface
deformation monitoring, combined with a modeling system that
incorporates processes at multiple scales.  This will allow definition
of a baseline model of regional and global deformation processes, which
can be continuously compared with sensor observations for automatic
early detection of unusual events.

To account for the relevant data (e.g. InSAR, GPS) necessary for the
models and to constrain the simulations we will develop a data-fitting
core software module that connects in a standard way with separate
modeling and observational models that incorporate realistic
instrumental errors and covariance, capable of running on remote
machines. The core module would be dedicated to least-squares fitting of
all data and models chosen by the user, minimizing a chi-square cost
function that measures the weighted deviation of the observed data to
the sum of the effects of all participating modeling modules. Other
kinds of computations, including registering observations in a global
reference frame, atmospheric and orbital effects, and geophysical
processes will be relegated to the modeling modules. The end result
makes optimal use of all kinds of solid earth deformation sensors and
will be extensible to observations such as gravity. It provides a
framework in which various models may be steadily and systematically
improved by an ongoing community effort, and various sensors can be
incorporated directly. It will also lead to a slow-deformation
background model that will form the baseline from which unexpected
deviations can be rapidly detected and classified.

## Comparative Technology Assessment

Current earthquake risk estimation is based on static models inferred
from past earthquake activity as determined through paleoseismology and
historical earthquakes. Measurement of crustal deformation and rates of
strain contribute to earthquake hazard assessment, largely because of
NASA's investment in GPS and InSAR technologies. Earthquake fault
systems are continuously changing state based on deformation of the
Earth's crust and mantle as well as strain release and transfer from
earthquakes. Therefore, it is important to develop time-dependent models
for earthquake forecasting.

QuakeSim has grown out of the General Earthquake Models project proposed
by John Rundle in the late 1990s. Rundle is a co-investigator on this
project. The Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities aims
to incorporate components of QuakeSim and its methodologies into its
time dependent earthquake forecasts (Figure 3).

![](media/image4.png){width="6.0in" height="8.127777777777778in"}

Figure 4. Letter of support, outlining current state of the art, from
Ned Field, US Geological Survey.

## TRL Assessment

The entry level TRL of this project is 3, though components may have a
higher TRL. The concept of developing Web Services for high-performance
computers has been formulated but not demonstrated for this project.
However, SERVOGrid, which serves as the underlying methodology for this
project will be at TRL 6 at the end of that project in Spring of 2006.
It therefore serves as the characteristic proof-of concept for this
project. The three high-performance software tools are at TRL 6. We have
demonstrated them for scientific, but not operational models. The RDAHMM
method is at TRL 3. We are currently testing it as a proof-of-concept
method for analyzing GPS and seismic time series data. The PI method is
at TRL 4. It is currently being tested and validated against observed
data. We expect to advance the TRL by 1 each year, such that at the end
of this project we will validate QuakeSim as an operational research
tool using relevant ground data at TRL 5.

## Research Management Plan

The investigators have a proven track record in working together. We
successfully completed the NASA Computational Technologies project and
are finishing a three-year AIST project. We have met all milestones in
both projects. In this project, we've added Walter Brooks from NASA Ames
as a Co-Investigator, but we are already familiar with and have used the
Columbia computer system.

Project Schedule

![](media/image5.png){width="6.246527777777778in"
height="4.045138888888889in"}

Success criteria for the milestones of each component are as follows:
**Web Services.** Services are carried out seamlessly without user
intervention. **Database.** GPS data accessible through the portal
without user intervention. QuakeTables includes faults for all of
California including dipping faults. **Algorithms.** Database includes
error estimates, GeoFEST can ingest data constraints and simplex output.
**Pattern Informatics.** 50% speed up of Virtual California. False alarm
rate of less than 35%. Expansion coefficients transition matrix
probabilities, and mapping coefficients between RDAHMM and PI method
accuracy to better than 10%

Our project team has experiment with various ways of communicating and
coordinating our work. We are committed to quarterly face-to-face
technical interchange meetings. During these meetings we will test the
portal as well as discuss technical and interfacing issues.

Our budget includes subcontracts to each of the participating
institutions.

## Personnel

We have a well-integrated team with an excellent track record to carry
out this work.

**Andrea Donnellan** is the Principal Investigator for the project. She
has degrees and practical experience in both geophysics and computer
science which allows for ample oversight of the project. Other team
members from JPL include **Jay Parker** who has extensive experience in
data analysis, including that of InSAR and GPS, and finite element
modeling. **Charles Norton** has extensive experience with high
performance computing and all of the software programs on this project.
**Gregory Lyzenga** is one of the key authors of GeoFEST. **Robert
Granat** works on the RDAHMM method and is an expert in statistical
analysis of data. **Margaret Glasscoe** wrote the documentation for
GeoFEST and carries out geophysical modeling and analysis using GeoFEST,
Virtual California, and other components of QuakeSim. **Paul Rosen** is
a radar engineer who has a long track record of working with InSAR data
and the geophysics community. His participation will ensure that
QuakeSim properly integrates with InSAR data.

**John Rundle**, from UC Davis developed Virtual California and the PI
method. He is closely integrated with the California Working Group on
Earthquake\
Probabilities.

**Marlon Pierce** and **Geoffrey Fox** are both experts in grid
computing, development of web services, and high performance computing.
They are the key developers of the portals components and Web and Grid
services for QuakeSim.

**Dennis McLeod** is one of the originators of the concept of federating
data and has a long history as a database expert. His contributions to
QuakeSim and experience from similar projects have been invaluable.

**Lisa Grant** is a paleoseismologist who oversees the population of the
QuakeTables database. She ensures that the fault data are valid and
properly documented.

**Terry Tullis** has developed the PARK software package. This will be
one of the codes used to test the deployment of the services on the
high-end computers.

**Walter Brooks is** chief of the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS)
Division. He oversees the entire gamut of high performance computing
work done within the division. His focus on building collaborative
relationships with other NASA groups, industry partners, and colleagues
at universities and other government agencies reflects his dedication to
making NAS a national resource for expertise in distributed
heterogeneous computing.

## Facilities and Equipment

Each of the facilities has a network of computers that will be used by
this project. Standard computers are needed and are available for the
work at each of the institutions. NASA Ames will provide access to the
Columbia computer, and JPL houses the Cosmos Dell computer cluster. UC
Davis and USC have desktop workstations as well as a computer cluster
for developing Virtual California and the PI method. USC has servers
running MySQL for development of the QuakeTables database. The portal
work will be carried out at Indiana University. Indiana University's
Community Grids Laboratory maintains a heterogeneous network computing
environment consisting of Windows (2000 and XP), Linux, Sun Solaris
workstations and servers, including 40 Pentium 4-based desktop class
machines, 20 Linux/Solaris (dual-CPU) server class, and two 8-CPU 16 GB
Sun v880 server class machines to support the lab's development and
research efforts. UC Irvine will carry out the fault research for the
QuakeTables database. UC Irvine is a major research institution with
excellent research resources and facilities. Most of the geologic data
integration work for this project will be done in Grant's Environmental
Geology and GIS Laboratory. The lab currently has 3 dedicated, networked
computers, 2 workstations, a laptop, color laser printers, large format
poster printer, scanner and related computing equipment. The UCI campus
and the School of Social Ecology have licenses for standard office
software and GIS database software.

## Special Matters

NASA has invested in the development of QuakeSim and SERVO \[Donnellan
*et al*, *2004*\], the Solid Earth Research Virtual Observatory. The
goal of QuakeSim was to develop a solid Earth science framework to
better understand active tectonic and earthquake processes and to
construct a fully interoperable system of tools for studying these
processes (http://quakesim.jpl.nasa.gov). Under QuakeSim the simulation
and modeling software, pattern recognizers, and QuakeTables were wrapped
with Web Services and clients to these tools were integrated into an
interoperable web portal. The follow on project, SERVO, extended the
portal, interoperable framework, and federated databases.

QuakeSim was sponsored by NASA's Computational Technologies Program. All
of the milestones were successfully met, and the project completed in
fall of 2005. The SERVO project, funded under NASA's Advanced
Information Systems Technologies Program (AIST), completed in Spring of
2006. Through these projects we have developed a Web Services-based
problem-solving environment that links together diverse earthquake
science applications on distributed computers. This environment has
expanded to include many more applications and tools -- such as the
major simulation tools, data inverse code, pattern recognition, database
access, and visualization code. We also devoted significant effort in
the AIST project to developing Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
services, which we are integrating with several of the modeling and
simulation codes through workflow tools \[Aktas *et al*, 2004; Aydin *et
al*, 2005; and Aktas *et al*, 2005a\].

Facilities are described in the previous section.

# Curriculum Vitae

**[Andrea Donnellan]{.smallcaps}**

### Education

Ph.D., Geophysics, California Institute of Technology (1991)

M.S., Computer Science, University of Southern California (2003)

M.S., Geophysics, California Institute of Technology (1988)

B.S., Geology, Ohio State University, *with honors and distinction in
geology* (1986)

### Professional Experience

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1993 -- present)

Deputy Manager, Science Division (2002--present)

Deputy Manager, Exploration Systems Autonomy Section (2000-2002)

Supervisor, Data Understanding Systems Group, (1999--2001)

Research Scientist, Satellite Geodesy and Geodynamics Systems Group
(1997--1999)

Research Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern
California (1999--present)

Visiting Associate, Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, (1995­--1996)

National Research Council Resident Research Associate, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center (1991--1993)

### Professional Activities

InSAR Study Scientist (2005--)

Participant in NASA Earth Surface and Interior strategic planning.

QuakeFinder advisory board (2004 -- present)

US Rep. to the International Sci. Board, APEC Cooperation on Earthquake
Simulations (2000--present)

American Geophysical Union (AGU) nonlinear geophysics committee
(2000--present)

Solid Earth Science Working Group for NASA HQ (2000--2002)

Acting Deputy Director, JPL Center for Life Detection (2002--2003)

Solid Earth science chair for NASA workshop on computational
technologies needs (2002)

JPL Business Management Council (2002--2004)

JPL Science and Technology Management Council (2001--2004)

Plate Boundary Observatory steering committee (1999--2002)

### Awards

NASA Space Act awards for GeoFESTv.4.3 (2004), QuakeSim, Simplex, and
Disloc (2005)

Women at Work Medal of Excellence (2004)

Women in Aerospace Award for Outstanding Achievement (2003)

JPL Lew Allen Award for Excellence (2000)

Southern California Earthquake Center Outreach Award for Education
(1998)

Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (1996)

National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship (1991­--1993)

### Select Recent Publications

**Donnellan, A.**, J. Rundle, G. Fox, D. McLeod, L. Grant, T. Tullis, M.
Pierce, J. Parker, G. Lyzenga, R. Granat, M. Glasscoe, QuakeSim and the
Solid Earth Research Virtual Observatory, *PAGEOPH*, in press.

Grant L.B., **A. Donnellan**, D. McLeod, M. Pierce, G.C. Fox, A.Y. Chen,
M.M. Gould^1^, S.S. Sung, P.B. Rundle, A Web Service Based Universal
Approach to Heterogeneous Fault Databases, *Computing in Science and
Engineering Special Issue on Multi-Physics Modeling,* 51--57,
July/August 2005*.*

Rundle, J.B., P.B. Rundle, **A. Donnellan**, D.L. Turcotte, R.
Shcherbakov, P. Li, B.D. Malamud, L. Grant, G. Fox, D. McLeod, G.
Morein, J. Parker, W. Klein, A Simulation-based approach to forecasting
the next great San Francisco earthquake, *Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences*, 2005*.*

**Donnellan, A.**, P. Mora, M. Matsu'ura, X-C. Yin, eds. Computational
Earthquake Science, Parts I and II, PAGEOPH, 161, 2004.

Solomon, S. C., V. Baker, J. Bloxham, J. Booth, **A. Donnellan**, C.
Elachi, D. Evans, E. Rignot, D. Burbank, B. Chao, A. Chave, A.
Gillespie, T. Herring, R. Jeanloz, J. LaBrecque, B. Minster, W. C.
Pitman, M. Simons, D. L. Turcotte, M. L. C. Zoback, (2003) "A Plan for
Living on a Restless Planet," EOS Transactions of the American
Geophysical Union, **84**, 485, 2003.

**Donnellan, A.**, and B. Luyendyk, GPS Evidence for a Coherent Plate
and for Postglacial Rebound in Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, *Global
and Planetary Change*, in press.

**Donnellan, A.**, J. Rundle, J. Ries, G. Fox, M. Pierce, J. Parker, R.
Crippen, E. DeJong, B. Chao, W. Kuang, D. McLeod, M. Mastu'ura, J.
Bloxham, Illuminating the Earth's Interior Through Advanced Computing,
*Computing in Science and Engineering (CiSE)*, *)*, **6**, 36-44 , 2004.

Glasscoe, M. **Donnellan, A.**, L. Kellogg, and M. Glasscoe, Strain
partitioning across metropolitan Los Angeles, *Pure and Appl. Geophys.
(PAGEOPH)*, 161, 2004.

**Donnellan, A.**, J. Parker, and G. Peltzer, Combined GPS and InSAR
models of postseismic deformation from the Northridge earthquake,
*PAGEOPH*, 2261--2270, 2002.

Granat, R., and **A. Donnellan**, Deterministic annealing hidden Markov
models for geophysical data exploration, *PAGEOPH*, 2271--2284, 2002.

Matsu-ura, M., P. Mora, **A. Donnellan**, X. Yin, eds., Earthquake
Processes: Physical Modeling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis,
Parts I and II, *PAGEOPH,* 1905--1907 and 2169--2171, 2002.

Hurst, K.J., D. Argus, **A. Donnellan**, M.B. Heflin, D. Jefferson, G.A.
Lyzenga, J.W. Parker, F.H. Webb, J.F. Zumberge, The Co- and Immediate
Post-seismic geodetic signature of the 1999 Hector Mine Earthquake,
Geophys. Res. Lett., **27**, 2733--2736, 2000.

Fox, G.C., Ken Hurst, Andrea Donnellan, and Jay Parker, \"Introducing a
New Paradigm for Computational Earth Science - A web-object-based
approach to Earthquake Simulations\", a chapter in AGU monograph on
Physics of Earthquakes, edited by John Rundle and published by AGU in
2000.

Lyzenga, G.A., W.R. Panero, **A. Donnellan**, The Influence of Anelastic
Surface Layers on Postseismic Thrust Fault Deformation, *J. Geophys.
Res.,* **105**, 3151--3157, 2000.

Lundgren, P., M. Protti, **A. Donnellan**, M. Heflin, E. Hernandez, D.
Jefferson, Seismic cycle and plate margin deformation in Costa Rica: GPS
observations 1994--1997, *J. Geophys. Res.*, **104**, 28,915--28,926,
1999.

Hager, B.H., G.A. Lyzenga, **A. Donnellan**, and D. Dong, Reconciling
Rapid Strain Accumulation with Deep Seismogenic Fault Planes in the
Ventura Basin, California, *J. Geophys. Res.,* **104**, 25,207--25,219,
1999.

Argus, D., M.B. Heflin, **A. Donnellan**, F.H. Webb, D. Dong, K.J.
Hurst, G.A. Lyzenga, M.M. Watkins, and J.F. Zumberge, Shortening and
Thickening of Metropolitan Los Angeles Measured and Inferred Using
Geodesy, *Geology,* **27**, 703--706, 1999.

**Donnellan, A.** and G. A. Lyzenga, Fault afterslip and upper crustal
relaxation following the Northridge earthquake, *J. Geophys. Res.*,
**103**, 21,285--21,297, 1998.

**Donnellan, A.** and F.H. Webb, Geodetic observations of the M 5.1
January 29, 1994 Northridge aftershock, *Geophys. Res. Lett.*, **25**,
667--670, 1998.

Heflin, M.B., D. Dauger, D. Dong, **A. Donnellan**, K. Hurst, D.
Jefferson, G. Lyzenga, M. Watkins, F. Webb, J. Zumberge, Rate change
observed at JPLM after the Northridge earthquake, *Geophys. Res. Lett.*,
**25**, 93--96, 1998.

Bawden, G., **A. Donnellan**, L. Kellogg, D. Dong, J. Rundle, Geodetic
measurements of seven decades of hortizontal strain near the White Wolf
fault, Kern County California: I. Observations, *J. Geophys. Res.*,
**102**, 4957--4976, 1997.

Jones, L., K. Aki, M. Celebi, **A. Donnellan**, J. Hall, R. Harris, E.
Hauksson, T. Heaton, S. Hough, K. Hudnut, K. Hutton, M. Johnston, W.
Joyner, H. Kanamori, G. Marshall, A. Michael, J. Mori, M. Murray, D.
Ponti, P. Reasenberg, D. Schwartz, L. Seeber, A. Shakal, R. Simpson, H.
Thio, M. Todorovska, M. Trifunic, D. Wald, and M. L. Zobak, The
Magnitude 6.7 Northridge California, Earthquake of January 17, 1994,
*Science*, **266**, 389--397, 1994.

**Donnellan, A.**, B. H. Hager, and R. W. King, Discrepancy between
geologic and geodetic deformation rates in the Ventura basin, *Nature,*
**366**, 333--336, 1993.

**Donnellan, A.**, B. H. Hager, R. W. King, and T. A. Herring, Geodetic
measurement of deformation in the Ventura basin region, southern
California, *J. Geophys. Res.,* **98**, 21,727--21,739, 1993.

**JOHN B. RUNDLE**

**Professional Preparation/Professional Training**

Ph.D., Geophysics and Space Physics, UCLA (1976)

M.S., Planetary and Space Science, UCLA (1973)

B.S.E. Engineering Physics, Princeton University (1972), *magma cum
laude*

**Recent Honors and Awards**

Distinguished Visiting Scientist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
1996-present

Aki Award for Distinguished Service as Chair (1994-1996) of the Adv.
Board of the Southern Cal. Earthquake Ctr., Given at the Southern Cal.
Earthquake Center Annual Meeting, 2001.

4^th^ Edward Lorenz Lecturer, American Geophysical Union Meeting, Fall,
2004.

Elected Fellow, American Physical Society, 2005

Selected for inclusion in Who\'s Who in American, 60th edition, 2005

**Recent Appointments**

Professor of Physics, Engineering, and Geology, University of
California, Davis (2002-)

Director, Center for Computational Science & Engineering, Univ. of
California, Davis (2002-)

Professor, Department of Physics, and Fellow, Cooperative Institute for
Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado (1996--2002)

Director, Colorado Center for Chaos & Complexity, (1997-2002)

Deputy Director, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Science, (1998-)

**Five Related Publications:**

J.B. Rundle, PB Rundle, A Donnellan, D Turcotte, R Shcherbakov, P Li, BD
Malamud, LB Grant, GC Fox, D McLeod, G Yakovlev, J Parker, W Klein, KF
Tiampo, A simulation-based approach to forecasting the next great San
Francisco earthquake, *Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci*., 102: 15363-15367 (2005) ;
published online before print October 11 2005, 10.1073/pnas.0507528102

J.R. Holliday, K.Z. Nanjo, K.F. Tiampo, J.B. Rundle and D.L. Turcotte,
Earthquake forecasting and its verification, *Nonlin. Proc. Geophys.*,
12, 965-977 (2005).

JB Rundle, DL Turcotte, C Sammis, W Klein and R. Shcherbakov,
Statistical physics approach to understanding the multiscale dynamics of
earthquake fault systems, *Rev. Geophys. Space Phys*., **41**(4), DOI
10.1029/2003RG000135 (2003).

J.B. Rundle, K.F. Tiampo, W. Klein and J.S.S. Martins, Self-organization
in leaky threshold systems: The influence of near mean field dynamics
and its implications for earthquakes, neurobiology and forecasting,
*Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci*. USA, **99**, Supplement 1, 2514-2521, (2002)

Rundle, JB, D.L Turcotte and W. Klein, editors, *Geocomplexity and the
Physics of Earthquakes*, American Geophysical Union monograph 120,
American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC (2000). See esp. pp. 43-72,
pp. 127-146, pp. 211-218, articles by JBR et al..

**Synergistic Activities**

JUST (International Workshops on *Application of Space Technology to
Combat Natural Disasters*, Tsukuba, Japan, US Delegate, November 1993,
1998

NASA, *Earth System Science Advisory Committee* (Committee Advisory to
the Associate Administrator of NASA for Mission to Planet Earth, June
1994 - 1999

Jet Propulsion Laboratory*, Technical Divisions Advisory Board*, 2002-.
Member

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Visiting Committee, Earth and Space Science
Division, Pasadena, CA, 2005, *Member*

International Science Committee, Advisory to the Australian
Computational Earth Systems Simulator, a Major National Research
Facility, September, 2003, *Member*
<http://www.access.edu.au/frames.htm>

NASA Capability Roadmap Team, Modeling and Simulation, January, 2005,
*Member*

NASA Working Group on Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, October,
2004 , *Member*

**Geoffrey Charles Fox**

**Phone:** 8122194643(Cell), 8128567977(Lab), 8128553788(CS) **Fax**
8128567972(Lab)

**Email:** <gcf@indiana.edu>, <gcf@cs.indiana.edu>

Computer Science Department Community Grids Laboratory

228 Lindley Hall Indiana University

Bloomington Indiana 47405 501 N. Morton, Suite 224

**Education:**

B.A. in Mathematics from Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, England (1961-1964)

Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from Cambridge University (1964-1967)

M.A. from Cambridge University (1968)

**Professional Experience:**

2001- Professor of Computer Science, Informatics, and Physics. Indiana
University

2001- Dir. of Community Grids Laboratory; Pervasive Techn. Laboratories
at Indiana University

2000-2001 Professor of Computer Science, Florida State University

2000-2001 Associate Director of School for Computational Science and
Information Technology \-- Director of Computational Science and
Information Laboratory

2000-2001 Chief Technologist of Office of Distributed and Distance
Learning, FSU

2000- Distinguished Visiting Scientist, JPL

1990-2002 Professor of Computer Science, Syracuse University

1990-2002 Professor of Physics, Syracuse University

1990-2000 Director of Northeast Parallel Architectures Center, Syracuse
University

1989-2004 Visiting Professor in Computer Science, Rice University

1979-1990 Professor of Physics, California Inst. of Tech.

1986-1988 Associate Provost for Computing, California Inst. of Tech.

1983-1985 Dean for Educational Computing, California Inst. of Tech.

1981-1983 Executive Officer of Physics, California Inst. of Tech.

1974-1979 Associate Professor of Physics, California Inst. of Tech.

1971-1974 Assistant Professor of Physics, California Inst. of Tech.

1970-1971 Millikan Research Fellow in Theoretical Physics, Caltech

1970 Visiting Scientist, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island

1969-1970 Research Fellow at Peterhouse College, Cavendish
Lab.,Cambridge

1968-1969 Research Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, Calif.

1967-1968 Member of School of Natural Science, Inst. for Advanced Study,
Princeton, New Jersey

**Selected List of Publications** (Selected from over 400 in Computer
Science, Computational Science and Physics)

1)  "Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality" edited
    by Fran Berman, Geoffrey Fox and Tony Hey, John Wiley & Sons,
    Chicester, England, ISBN 0-470-85319-0, February 2003

2)  Malcolm Atkinson, David DeRoure, Alistair Dunlop, Geoffrey Fox,
    Peter Henderson, Tony Hey, Norman Paton, Steven Newhouse, Savas
    Parastatidis, Anne Trefethen and Paul Watson.Web Service Grids: An
    Evolutionary Approach UK e-Science Technical Report July 13 2004
    Special Issue on Grid Architecture of Concurrency&Computation:
    Practice and Experience 17, 377-389 (2005)
    <http://www.nesc.ac.uk/technical_papers/UKeS-2004-05.pdf>

3)  Andrea Donnellan, John Rundle, Geoffrey Fox Dennis McLeod, Lisa
    Grant, Terry Tullis, Marlon Pierce, Jay Parker, Greg Lyzenga
    *QuakeSim and the Solid Earth Research Virtual Observatory* To be
    published in Special Issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics ( PAGEOPH
    ) for Beijing ACES Meeting July 2004
    <http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/PAGEOPHDonnellan.doc>

4)  Fox, G.C., Ken Hurst, Andrea Donnellan, and Jay Parker, "Introducing
    a New Paradigm for Computational Earth Science -- A web-object-based
    approach to Earthquake Simulations", a chapter in AGU monograph on
    *GeoComplexity and the Physics of Earthquakes* edited by John
    Rundle, Donald Turcotte and William Klein and published by AGU in
    2000, pp 219-245.
    <http://www.new-npac.org/users/fox/documents/gempapermarch00>.

**Marlon Pierce**

Community Grids Lab, Indiana University

501 N. Morton Street, Bloomington IN 47404

Phone: 812-856-1212 Cell: 812-320-5402 FAX:812-856-7972

Email: <marpierc@indiana.edu>

**Research Interests**: Developing tools for computational science based
on emerging Internet and computational Grid technologies.

**Education**

-   Ph.D. in Physics, December 1998, Florida State University, under the
    direction of Professor E. Manousakis. Thesis titled \`\`Path
    Integral Monte Carlo Simulation of Helium Adsorbed on Graphite\'\'.

-   B.S. in Physics, Suma cum laude, 1990, Louisiana Tech University

**Professional Appointments**

**2001-Present:** Senior Research Associate, Community Grids Lab,
Indiana University.

**1999-2001**: Information and Communication/Enabling Technologies
On-Site Lead, Aeronautical Systems Center Major Shared Resource Center
for the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization
Program.

**1999**: Postdoctoral Researcher, Florida State University

**Selected Publications**

Marlon E. Pierce, Geoffrey Fox, Choon-Han Youn, Stephen Mock, Kurt
Mueller, Ozgur Balsoy: Interoperable Web services for computational
portals. SC 2002: 1-12.

Marlon E. Pierce, Choonhan Youn, Geoffrey Fox: Interacting Data Services
for Distributed Earthquake Modeling. International Conference on
Computational Science 2003: 863-872.

Geoffrey Fox, Shrideep Pallickara, Marlon Pierce, Harshawardhan Gadgil,
Building Messaging Substrates for Web and Grid Applications. Accepted
for publication in special Issue on *Scientific Applications of Grid
Computing* in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
2005.

Mehmet Aktas, Galip Aydin, Andrea Donnellan, Geoffrey Fox, Robert Granat
, Lisa Grant, Greg Lyzenga, Dennis McLeod, Shrideep Pallickara, Jay
Parker, Marlon Pierce, John Rundle, Ahmet Sayar, and Terry Tullis
iSERVO: Implementing the International Solid Earth Research Virtual
Observatory by Integrating Computational Grid and Geographical
Information Web Services Technical Report December 2004, To be published
in Special Issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics ( PAGEOPH ) for Beijing
ACES Meeting July 2004.

**Summary of Research Interests:**

Pierce's research interests are in the overlap of computational science
and Web technology. His work includes building component-based
computational Web portals and designing services for managing earthquake
science applications. He is also leading efforts to integrate
Geographical Information Systems services with scientific computing.

**Curriculum Vitae for Lisa B. Grant, Ph.D.**

Dept. Environmental Health, Science & Policy, University of California

Irvine, CA 92697-7070

<lgrant@uci.edu> tel 949-824-5491 fax 949-824-2056

**Professional Preparation**

Stanford University Environmental Earth Science B.S., 1985

Caltech Environmental Engineering & Science M.S., 1989

Caltech Geology M.S., 1990

Caltech Geology and Geophysics Ph.D., 1993

**Appointments**

Assistant Professor

Dept. of Environmental Health, Science & Policy, UC Irvine, 7-98 to
present

Assistant Professor

Dept. of Environmental and Chemical Sciences, Chapman University 8/95 -
6/98

Assistant Project Scientist

Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Geo-Engineering Group, 6/93 - 7/95

Graduate Research and Teaching Assistant

Caltech, Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, 3/88-5/93

Research Scientist

California Research and Technology / Titan Systems, 1/85-7/87

**Selected Publications**

1.  **Grant, L. B.**, Gould, M. M., Donnellan, A., McLeod, D., Chen, A.
    Y., Sung, S., Pierce, M., Fox, G. C., and Rundle, P., A Web Service
    based universal approach to heterogeneous fault databases,
    *Computing in Science and Engineering*, July/Aug. 2005, p. 51- 57.

2.  Rundle, J. B., Rundle, P. B., Donnellan, A., Turcotte, D. L.,
    Scherbakov, R., Li P., Malamud, B. D., **Grant, L. B.**, Fox, G. C.,
    McLeod, D., Yakolev, G., Parker, J., Klein, W. and K. F. Tiampo. A
    simulation-based approach to forecasting the next great San
    Francisco earthquake, *Proeeding. National Academy of
    Sciences*,([www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0507528102](http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0507528102))
    1-5, 2005

3.  **Grant, L. B.** and M. M. Gould. Assimilation of paleoseismic data
    for earthquake simulation. *Pure and Applied Geophysics*, 161, no.
    11/12, 2295-2306, 2004

4.  **Grant, L. B.** (2002). Paleoseismology. Chapter 30 In "IASPEI
    International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology"
    (W. H. Lee, H. Kanamori, and P.C. Jennings, Eds*.*)*,* International
    Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior, v.
    81A, p. 475-489.

5.  **Grant, L. B.** and W. R. Lettis (2002). Introduction to the
    Special Issue on Paleoseismology of the San Andreas Fault System, In
    (**Grant, L. B.** and Lettis, W. R., Eds.) *Paleoseismology of the
    San Andreas Fault System* Bulletin Seismological Society of America,
    v.92, no. 7, 2551-2554.

**Synergistic activities:**

Member, U. S. National Committee (USNC) for the International Union of
Geophysics and Geodesy (IUGG) sponsored by the National Academy of
Sciences (2004 to present)

Member, Board of Directors, Southern California Earthquake Center (2002
to present)

**Dennis McLeod**

Professor, Computer Science Department

University of Southern California

Los Angeles, CA 90089-0781

Phone: (213) 740-4504

E-mail: mcleod@usc.edu

### Professional Preparation

-   Ph.D. in Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    (MIT), August 1978.

-   M.S. in Computer Science, MIT, May 1976.

-   B.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, February
    1974.

#### Appointments

-   Professor of Computer Science (tenured), University of Southern
    California (USC), September 1991 to present.

-   Strategic Scientist, USC Integrated Media Systems Center (IMSC),
    September 1996 to present.

-   Associate Professor of Computer Science (tenured), USC, September
    1983 to August 1991.

-   Assistant Professor of Computer Science, USC, September 1978 to
    August 1983.

-   Research and Teaching Assistant, Massachusetts Institute of
    Technology (MIT), Laboratory for Computer Science, 1974 to 1978.

-   Research Staff, IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose CA, 1975 (summer).

-   Software Systems Manager, Forest Hospital, 1974 to 1975.

-   Programmer/Analyst, Behavior Reviews Inc., 1971 to 1974.

**Selected Recent Publications**

Chung, S., and McLeod, D., "Dynamic Pattern Mining: An Incremental Data
Clustering Approach", *Journal on Data Semantics*, Springer Lecture
Notes in Computer Science, 2005 (to appear).

Khan, L., McLeod, D., and Hovy, E., \"Retrieval Effectiveness of an
Ontology-Based Model for Information Selection\", *The VLDB Journal*,
Volume 13, Number 1, Pages 71-85, 2004.

Donnellan, A., Rundle, J., McLeod, D. et.al., "Illuminating the Earth's
Interior through Advanced Computing", *Computing in Science and
Engineering*, Volume 6, Number 1, Pages 36-44, January/February 2004.

Shin, H., McLeod, D., and Pryor, L. "Automatic Generation of
User-Customized Multimedia Presentations", *Proceedings of Information
Resources Management Association International Conference*, New Orleans
LA, May 2004.

Alfuraih, S., Sui, N., and McLeod, D., "Using Trusted Email to Prevent
Credit Card Fraud in Multimedia Products", *World Wide Web: Internet and
Web Information Systems*, Volume 6, 2003, Pages 244-256.

Chung, S. and McLeod, D., "Dynamic Topic Mining from a News Stream",
*International Conference on Ontologies, Databases, and Application of
Semantics*, Catania, Sicily (Italy), November 2003.

Chen, A., Donnellan, A., McLeod, D., Fox, G., Parker, J., Rundle, J.,
Grant, L., Pierce, M., Gould, M., Chung, S., and Gao, S.,
"Interoperability and Semantics for Heterogeneous Earthquake Science
Data", *International Workshop on Semantic Web Technologies for
Searching and Retrieving Scientific Data*, Sanibel Island FL, October
2003.

Aslan, G., and McLeod, D., "Semantic Heterogeneity Resolution in
Federated Databases by Metadata Implantation and Stepwise Evolution\",
*International Journal on Very Large Databases*, Volume 8, Number 2,
1999, Pages 120-132.

***Synergistic Activities***

IMSC communications vision project -- collaborative multi-disciplinary
effort centering on multi-way interpersonal multimedia communication

Personalized, multimedia information presentation and interaction
environments -- inter-disciplinary study with communication and human
factors researchers

QuakeSim and SERVO - Earthquake science database, simulation, and web
services project with NASA, JPL, the University of Indiana, The
University of California -- Davis, and the University of California,
Irvine.

**Terry E. Tullis**

i\. Professional Preparation: Carleton College B.A. Geology 1964\
UCLA M.S. Experimental Geophysics 1967\
UCLA Ph.D. Experimental Geophysics 1971

ii\. Appointments:

Brown University, Dept. of Geol. Sci.\
Asst. Prof., 1970-1976; Assoc. Prof., 1976-1989; Prof., 1989-2005;
Emeritus/Research Prof., 2005-

Adjunct Professor, 1997-1998, South Dakota School of Mines and
Technology, Department of Geology and Geological Engineering

Geophysicist, Oct-Dec, 1990, U.S. Geological Survey, Office of
Earthquakes

Visiting Professor, Sept-Oct, 1990, Harvard University, Dept. of Applied
Sciences

Visiting Professor, April-May, 1984, Texas A & M University, Center for
Tectonophysics

Geologist, Jan-June 1977, U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Earthquake
Studies

Visiting Fellow, September 1976-January 1977, Australian National
University, Research School of Earth Sciences

UCLA, Department of Geology: Acting Instructor, 1969-1970

Research Assistant, 1968-1969, Institute of Geophysics, UCLA

Tectonophysics Field Assistant, summer 1964, Shell Development Co.

iii\. Publications:

Selected publications most relevant to the proposal:

Donnellan, A., J. Rundle, G. Fox D. McLeod, L. Grant, T. Tullis, M.
Pierce, J. Parker, G. Lyzenga *QuakeSim and the Solid Earth Research
Virtual Observatory* To be published in Special Issue of Pure and
Applied Geophysics ( PAGEOPH ) for Beijing ACES Meeting July 2004
<http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/PAGEOPHDonnellan.doc>

Tullis, T. E., Earthquake models using rate and state friction and fast
multipoles, Geophysical Research Abstracts (European Geophysical
Society), 5, 13211, 2003.

Di Toro, G., D.L. Goldsby, and T.E. Tullis, Friction falls toward zero
as slip velocity approaches seismic rates, Nature, 427, 436-439,
2004.Kato, N. and T. E. Tullis, Numerical simulation of seismic cycles
with a composite rate- and state-dependent friction law, *Bull. Seis.
Soc. Am*., *93*, 841-853, 2003.

Tullis, T. E. Rock friction and its implications for earthquake
prediction examined via models of Parkfield earthquakes, in *Earthquake
Prediction: the Scientific Challenge*, ed. by Leon Knopoff, *Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 93*, 3803-3810, 1996.

Beeler, N.M., Tullis, T.E., Self-healing slip pulses in dynamic rupture
models due to velocity dependent strength, *Bull. Seis. Soc. Am*., *86*,
1130-1148, 1996.

Stuart, W. D. and Tullis, T. E., Fault model for preseismic deformation
at Parkfield, California, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 24079-24099, 1995.

Tullis, T. E., Predicting earthquakes and the mechanics of fault slip,
Geotimes, 39, 19-21, 1994.

Lorenzetti, E. A. and Tullis, T. E., 1989, Geodetic predictions of a
strike-slip fault model: implications for intermediate- and short-term
earthquake prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12343-12361.

Tullis, T. E., 1988, Rock friction constitutive behavior from laboratory
experiments and its implications for an earthquake prediction field
monitoring program, Pure Appl. Geophys., 126, 555-588.

Tullis, T. E., 1986, Friction and faulting, Pure Applied Geophys., 124,
1-9.

**Walter F. Brooks, Ph.D.**

*E-mail: Walter.Brooks@nasa[.gov](mailto:Rupak.Biswas@nasa.gov)*

*www.nas.nasa.gov/\~wfbrooks*

### Education

**Doctor of Philosophy**, Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology,
Hoboken, NJ, 1977

**Master of Science**, Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology,
Hoboken, NJ, 1972

**Master of Science**, Business (Sloan Fellow) Physics, Stanford Univ.,
Stanford, CA, 1991

**Bachelor of Science**, Physics, Rutgers the State Univ. of New Jersey,
Newark, NJ, 1970

### Professional Experience

**NASA Ames Research Center**, Mountain View, CA

**Chief**, NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, 2003 - present

**Senior Scientist**, Earth Science Tech. and Advanced Inf. Sys. Tech.,
2001 - 2002

**Manager,** Ames Earth Science Technology Office, 1998 - 2001

**Director**, Information Technology Directorate (acting), 1996 - 1997

**Manager**, Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Facility, 1995 -
1996

**Chief**, Information Technology Projects Office, 1994

**Deputy Director**, Aeronautics, 1991 - 1993

**Chief**, Infrared Astronomy Projects Office, 1988 - 1990

**Branch Chief**, Infrared (IR) Telescope Systems, 1983 -- 1988

**Engineer, Cryogenic and Thermal System Project** 1979-1981

**Research Scientist**, Thermal and Cryogenic Systems, 1977 -- 1983

**Senior Scientist**, University Space Research Association (USRA), 2001

**Research Associate**, Brookhaven National Laboratory (Thesis), 1972 -
1997

### Publications 

Over 50 articles in major journals on topics related to spacecraft
design, high-energy physics, low-temperature physics, and
supercomputing. (Publication list available on request.)

### Other Significant Activities

• Leading NASA's efforts to develop a Digital Astronaut Program based on
international progress in the efforts to develop the "digital human."

• Leading internal NASA effort to develop a unified strategy for
supercomputing.

• Co-leading NASA national leadership systems project - responsible for
the development, installation, and utilization of all of NASA's advanced
computing platforms.

• Program Manager, NASA's Project Columbia, a 61-teraflop supercomputer
developed in a record-shattering 120 days by an industry/government
team. Formulated idea for Columbia, the world's fastest supercomputer
when deployed; currently ranks third worldwide on the Top500
Supercomputer Sites list (http://www.top500.org/).

**Charles D. Norton**

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Ph: (818)
393-3920

MS 169-315, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 Fx: (818) 393-3405

Email: Charles.D.Norton@jpl.nasa.gov

**Dr. Charles D. Norton** is a Principal Member of Technical Staff at
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and
Supervisor of the Model-Based Systems Engineering and Architectures
Group. He is also the modeling and simulation representative (AD) to the
Earth Science and Technology Directorate and Program Manager for Mission
IT Science Technologies to the Space Mission IT Office at JPL. Prior to
joining JPL he was a National Research Council resident scientist at the
lab from 1996-1998. His work covers advanced scientific software for
Earth and space science modeling in addition to leading efforts in
model-based validation of large precision deployable structures and
development of smart payload instrument concepts. He has given 32
national and international keynote/invited talks; published in various
journals, conference proceedings, & book chapters. He is a member of the
editorial board of the journal Scientific Programming, the IEEE
Technical Committee on Parallel Processing, a Senior Member of IEEE, and
recipient of the 2004 JPL Lew Allen Award for Excellence---the highest
honor in recognition of significant leadership and technical innovation
performed during the early years of a researcher\'s professional career.

**Education**

1984-1988 Princeton University, B.S.E. Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science

1988-1990 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, M.S. Computer Science

1990-1996 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Ph.D Computer Science

**Employment History**

Current **Principal Member of Technical Staff and Supervisor,
Model-Based Systems Engineering and Architectures Group**

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

1996-1998 **National Research Council Resident Research Associate**

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

**Selected Recent Honors**

2005. Lew Allen Award for Excellence, Elevation to Senior Member of
      IEEE, NASA Space Act Award, JPL Team Award, NASA NOVA award, NASA
      certificates of recognition and software awards for technical
      innovations.

**Selected Relevant Publications/Posters (peer-reviewed)**

1.  C. Norton, G. Lyzenga, J. Parker, and E. R. Tisdale. Developing
    Parallel Active Tectonics Simulations using GeoFEST and the PYRAMID
    Adaptive Mesh Refinement Library. In AGU Poster Session on Frontiers
    in Remote Sensing, 2004 Fall Meeting.

2.  C. Norton and T. Cwik. Parallel Unstructured AMR and Gigabit
    Networking for Beowulf-Class Clusters. (LNCS) Springer-Verlag No.
    2328, pp. 552-563, 2002.

# References and Citations

An extensive list of publications from the QuakeSim and SERVO projects
are available from http://quakesim.jpl.nasa.gov and
http://servo.jpl.nasa.gov.

Abdelnur, A., Chien, E., and Hepper, S., (eds.), Portle Specification
1.0. Available from <http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=168>, 2003

Aktas, Mehmet, Galip Aydin, Andrea Donnellan, Geoffrey Fox, Robert
Granat , Lisa Grant, Greg Lyzenga, Dennis McLeod, Shrideep Pallickara,
Jay Parker, Marlon Pierce, John Rundle, Ahmet Sayar, and Terry Tullis
[iSERVO: Implementing the International Solid Earth Research Virtual
Observatory by Integrating Computational Grid and Geographical
Information Web
Services](http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/ISERVO_ACES_PAGEOPH.pdf)
Technical Report December 2004, To be published in Special Issue of Pure
and Applied Geophysics ( PAGEOPH ) for Beijing ACES Meeting July 2004.

Aktas, Mehmet, Galip Aydin, Andrea Donnellan, Geoffrey Fox, Robert
Granat, Greg Lyzenga, Dennis McLeod, Shrideep Pallickara, Jay Parker,
Marlon Pierce, John Rundle, and Ahmet Sayar, "[Implementing Geographical
Information System Grid Services to Support Computational Geophysics in
a Service-Oriented
Environment](http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/SERVO_ESTOJune2005.pdf)."
Report for NASA Earth-Sun System Technology Conference University of
Maryland, Adelphi, Maryland, June 28 - 30, 2005.

Aktas, Mehmet, Galip Aydin, Geoffrey Fox, Harshawardhan Gadgil, Marlon
Pierce and Ahmet Sayar, "SERVOGrid Technical Documentation" NASA AIST
Technical Report. Available from
http://www.servogrid.org/slide/iSERVO/SERVO/SERVOTechDocuments/SERVOTechReportAll.pdf

Aktas, Mehmet, Geoffrey C. Fox, Marlon Pierce "[An Architecture for
Supporting Information in Dynamically Assembled Semantic
Grids](http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/SKG2005_Aktas.pdf)"
Technical report August 2005, accepted for publications in Proceedings
of Semantics, Knowledge, and Grid, Beijing, China, November 2005.

Alameda, Jay, Marcus Christie, Geoffrey Fox, Joe Futrelle, Dennis
Gannon, Mihael Hategan, Gopi Kandaswamy, Gregor von Laszewski, Mehmet A.
Nacar, Marlon Pierce, Eric Roberts, Charles Severance, and Mary Thomas,
\"The Open Grid Computing Environments Collaboration: Portlets and
Services for Science Gateways.\" Submitted to \"Science Gateways\"
special issue of Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience.

Amin,
[Kaizar](http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/a/Amin:Kaizar.html),
[Mihael
Hategan](http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/h/Hategan:Mihael.html),
Gregor von Laszewski, [Nestor J.
Zaluzec](http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/z/Zaluzec:Nestor_J=.html):
Abstracting the Grid. [PDP
2004](http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/pdp/pdp2004.html#AminHLZ04):
250-257.

Applied Research Associates, Inc., National Institute of Building
Sciences, and Federal Emergency Management Agency, Research to Develop
Advanced Severe Storm Coastal Risk Assessment Methodology Using NASA's
WAVEWATCH III and Remote Sensing Technology. Unsolicited proposal,
submitted to NASA April 23, 2003, 34 pp., 2003.

Aydin, Galip, Mehmet S. Aktas, Geoffrey C. Fox, Harshawardhan Gadgil,
Marlon Pierce, Ahmet Sayar "[SERVOGrid Complexity Computational
Environments (CCE) Integrated Performance
Analysis](http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/gwpap243.pdf)."
In proceedings of GRID2005, Seattle Washington., November 12-13, 2005.

Berman, F., Fox, G., and Hey, T., (eds.). *Grid Computing: Making the
Global Infrastructure a Reality,* John Wiley & Sons, Chichester,
England, ISBN 0-470-85319-0,
[http://www.grid2002.org](http://www.grid2002.org/), 2003.

Botts, M (ed), OpenGIS Sensor Model Language (SensorML) Implementation
Specification. OGC 05-86r2, 2006. See also Sensor Model Language
(SensorML) Project Web Site: http://vast.nsstc.uah.edu/SensorML/.

California Earthquake Authority Governing Board Memorandum, Available
from
[http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:y3ZWxdNCgrcJ:earthquakeauthority.com/2-24-2005-GB/AI8.pdf+UCERF+California+EArthquake+authority&hl=en[]{.mark}](http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:y3ZWxdNCgrcJ:earthquakeauthority.com/2-24-2005-GB/AI8.pdf+UCERF+California+EArthquake+authority&hl=en),
February 24, 2005.

Chen, A., Donnellan, A., McLeod, D., Fox, G., Parker, J., Rundle, J.,
Grant, L., Pierce, M., Gould, M., Chung, S., and Gao, S.,
Interoperability and Semantics for Heterogeneous Earthquake Science
Data, *International Workshop on Semantic Web Technologies for Searching
and Retrieving Scientific Data*, Sanibel Island, FL, October 2003.

Cox, S., Daisey, P., Lake, R., Portele, C., and Whiteside, A. (eds),
*OpenGIS Geography Markup Language (GML) Implementation Specification.*
OpenGIS project document reference number OGC 02-023r4, Version 3.0,
2003.

de La Beaujardiere, Jeff, *Web Map Service,* OGC project document
reference number OGC 04-024.

Donnellan, A., J. Rundle, G. Fox, D. McLeod, L. Grant, T. Tullis, M.
Pierce, J. Parker, G. Lyzenga, R. Granat, M. Glasscoe, QuakeSim and the
Solid Earth Research Virtual Observatory, *PAGEOPH*, in press.

Field, E. H., H. A. Seligson, N. Gupta, V. Gupta, T. Hl Jordan and K. W.
Campbell, Loss estimates for a Puente Hills blind-thrust earthquake in
Los Angeles, California, *Earthquake* *Spectra*, **21** (2), 329-338,
May 2005.

Foster, I, C. Kesselman, G. Tsudik, S. Tuecke, A Security Architecture
for Computational Grids. Proc. 5th ACM Conference on Computer and
Communications Security Conference, pp. 83-92, 1998.

Foster, I. and Kesselman, C., (eds.) *The Grid 2: Blueprint for a new
Computing Infrastructure*, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004.

Foster, Ian: Globus Toolkit Version 4: Software for Service-Oriented
Systems. [NPC
2005](http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/npc/npc2005.html#Foster05):
2-13.

Granat, R. A., *Regularized Deterministic Annealing EM for Hidden Markov
Models*, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 2004.

Granat, R., and A. Donnellan, A hidden Markov model tool for geophysical
data exploration, *Pure and Appl. Geophys*, 2271--2284, 2002.

Grant L.B., A. Donnellan, D. McLeod, M. Pierce, G.C. Fox, A.Y. Chen,
M.M. Gould, S.S. Sung, P.B. Rundle, A Web Service Based Universal
Approach to Heterogeneous Fault Databases, Computing in Science and
Engineering Special Issue on Multi-Physics Modeling, July/Aug. 2005, p.
51- 57.

NASA Stennis Space Center, Decision Support Tools Evaluation Report For
HAZUS-MH^®^ Hurricane Model, Version 1.0, Earth Science Applications
Directorate HAZUS-MH^®^ DST Evaluation Team, John C. Stennis Space
Center, Mississippi, October 2003.

Nacar, Mehmet, Mehmet Aktas, Marlon Pierce, Zhenyu Lu, Gordon
Erlebacher, Dan Kigelman, Evan F. Bollig, Cesar De Silva, Benny Sowell,
and David A. Yuen. \"VLab: Collaborative Grid Services and Portals to
Support Computational Material Science\" GCE\'05 Workshop on Grid
Computing.at SC05 Seattle, WA. November 18 2005.

Olshansky, R. R., and Y. M. Wu, Earthquake risk analysis for Los Angeles
County under present and planned land uses, *Environ. and Planning B --
Planning and Design*, **28** (3), 419-432, May 2001.

Parker, Jay, Andrea Donnellan, Gregory Lyzenga, John B. Rundle, Terry
Tullis: Performance Modeling Codes for the QuakeSim Problem Solving
Environment. International Conference on Computational Science: 855-862,
2003.

The OpenPBS WebSite: http://www.openpbs.org/.

Rundle, J.B., D.L. Turcotte, and W. Klein eds., *Geocomplexity and the
Physics of Earthquakes*, Geophysical Monograph 120, American Geophysical
Union, Washington, DC (2000).

Rundle, J.B., K.F. Tiampo, W. Klein and J.S.S. Martins,
Self-organization in leaky threshold systems: The influence of near mean
field dynamics and its implications for earthquakes, neurobiology and
forecasting, *Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci*. USA, **99**, Supplement 1,
2514-2521, (2002).

Rundle, P.B., J.B. Rundle, K.F. Tiampo, J.S.S. Martins, S. McGinnis and
W. Klein, Nonlinear network dynamics on earthquake fault systems, *Phys.
Rev. Lett*., **87**, 148501 (2001).

Sayar, Ahmet, Mehmet Aktas, Galip Aydin, Marlon Pierce and Geoffrey Fox,
"[Developing a Web Service-Compatible Map Server for Geophysical
Applications](http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/acm-gis-sayar.pdf)"
Technical report submitted to the 13th ACM International
[Symposium](http://infolab.usc.edu/acmgis05/cfp.html) on Advances in
Geographic Information Systems

The Open Grid Computing Environments Project Web Site:
[http://www.collab-ogce.org](http://www.collab-ogce.org/).

Tiampo, K.F., Rundle, J.B., McGinnis, S., and Klein, W. Pattern dynamics
and forecast methods in seismically active regions, Pure and Applied
Geophysics, 159, 2002.

Tullis, T. E., Earthquake models using rate and state friction and fast
multipoles, Geophysical Research Abstracts (European Geophysical
Society), 5, 13211, 2003.

Vretanos, P (ed.), *Web Feature Service Implementation Specification,*
OpenGIS project document: OGC 02-058, version 1.0.0, 2002.Zebker, H., J.
Andrews, Y. Fialko, M. Glasscoe, B. Holt, K. Jezek, I. Joughin, Z.
Lehner, B. Minster, P. Rosen, J. Rundle, J. Sauber, M. Simons, W.
Thatcher, InSAR Workshop Summary Report, Oxnard, California, 64 pp.,
October 20--22, 2004.