Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 3/6/2005

**GAIN Report Number:** TU5006

TU5006

**Turkey**

**Grain and Feed**

**Annual**

**2005**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Jim Higgiston, Agriculture Counselor

U.S. Embassy

**Prepared by:**

Unal Sarigedik, Agriculture Specialist

**Report Highlights:**

Turkish wheat and barley production are expected to be lower than normal
in MY 2005 due to dry weather last fall in the Central Anatolia Region.
Therefore, precipitation in April and May will be very important this
year. Corn production should increase significantly while chickpea and
lentil production only slightly in 2005. Tariff and non-tariff barriers
are being used by the government to successfully limit imports of most
commodities while increasing domestic prices.

Includes PSD Changes: Yes

Includes Trade Matrix: Yes

Annual Report

Ankara \[TU1\]

\[TU\]

Table of Contents

[Executive Summary 3](#executive-summary)

[Production 4](#production)

[Wheat 4](#wheat)

[Barley 5](#barley)

[Corn 5](#corn)

[Rice 5](#rice)

[Pulses 6](#pulses)

[Consumption 6](#consumption)

[Wheat 6](#wheat-1)

[Barley 7](#barley-1)

[Corn 8](#corn-1)

[Rice 8](#rice-1)

[Pulses 8](#pulses-1)

[Trade and Trade Policy 8](#trade-and-trade-policy)

[Wheat 9](#wheat-2)

[Export Trade Matrix for Wheat Flour
10](#export-trade-matrix-for-wheat-flour)

[Barley 11](#barley-2)

[Corn 11](#corn-2)

[Rice 11](#rice-2)

[Pulses 12](#pulses-2)

[Stocks 12](#stocks)

[Policy 12](#policy)

[Production Policy 12](#production-policy)

[Marketing 12](#marketing)

[Statistical Tables 14](#statistical-tables)

[PSD Table for Wheat 14](#psd-table-for-wheat)

[Export Trade Matrix for Wheat 15](#export-trade-matrix-for-wheat)

[Import Trade Matrix for Wheat 15](#import-trade-matrix-for-wheat)

[PSD Table for Barley 16](#psd-table-for-barley)

[Export Trade Matrix for Barley 17](#export-trade-matrix-for-barley)

[Import Trade Matrix for Barley 17](#import-trade-matrix-for-barley)

[PSD Table for Corn 18](#psd-table-for-corn)

[Export Trade Matrix for Corn 19](#export-trade-matrix-for-corn)

[Import Trade Matrix for Corn 19](#import-trade-matrix-for-corn)

[PSD Table for Rice 20](#psd-table-for-rice)

[Export Trade Matrix for Rice 21](#export-trade-matrix-for-rice)

[Import Trade Matrix for Rice 21](#import-trade-matrix-for-rice)

[PSD Table for Chickpeas 22](#psd-table-for-chickpeas)

[Export Trade Matrix for Chickpeas
23](#export-trade-matrix-for-chickpeas)

[Import Trade Matrix for Chickpeas
23](#import-trade-matrix-for-chickpeas)

[PSD Table for Lentils 24](#psd-table-for-lentils)

[Export Trade Matrix for Lentils 25](#export-trade-matrix-for-lentils)

[Import Trade Matrix for Lentils 25](#import-trade-matrix-for-lentils)

# Executive Summary

Turkish grain production in MY 2005 is projected to be less than normal
due to low precipitation in the fall, especially in the Central
Anatolia. Precipitation in January and February were normal for most
areas. Because the mild winter produced little snow, crop development
will be more sensitive to drought conditions. Spring rains, especially
in April and May, will be more import this year.

In MY 2004, TMO procured larger quantities of wheat and corn compared to
MY 2003 due to higher production. On the other hand, TMO procured
smaller quantities of barley and paddy rice. A quota system limited TMO
paddy rice procurement (see Trade Policy Section). TMO procured a total
of about 1.9 MMT of wheat, 1 TMT of barley, 0.5 MMT of corn, and 15 TMT
of paddy rice in MY 2004. TMO paid a total of YTL 820 million for the
grain procurement (USD 638 million). MY 2005 TMO procurement prices are
expected to be announced at the end of May or early June. MY 2005 prices
are expected to be slightly above of the MY 2004 prices because of
smaller harvests and, as a result, higher prices in the market. TMO is
also expected to procure fewer quantities of grains as there are signs
that the GOT intends for TMO to have a diminishing role in grain
business. (See Trade Policy Section)

Turkey is likely to continue to use high import duties, seasonal bans,
and quota systems to control grain imports in order to protect local
farmers. Since last September, the GOT stopped issuing of import
licenses for all grains and pulses. Wheat is currently being sold from
TMO stocks to exporters of flour and products. Normally exporters would
be able to import wheat against their export receipts. Rice imports were
allowed only to those traders that bought paddy rice from domestic
producers. Licenses to import pulses were distributed shortly before the
New Year to protect local producers. Even though it was assigned to
import barley, TMO did not import because prices came down shortly after
this decision. No announcement has been made yet for corn imports since
locally produced corn is still available in the market.

U.S. grain exporters to Turkey continue to face stiff competition in the
market. EU countries enjoy tariff advantages, which range from low to
zero duty tariff rate quotas stipulated by the EU Customs Union
Agreement. Neighboring countries also have the ability to sell grain in
small consignments and offer faster and lower cost shipping.

In 2005, import duties for durum and milling wheat were raised to 60
percent for the EU and EFTA countries and 85 percent for other
countries. Corn duties were raised to 100 percent for all countries.
Duties for barley are 85 percent, for chickpeas and lentils, 19.3
percent. Import duties for rice were reduced by two percent from the
2005 Import Regime with the quota system for all paddy, brown, and
milled rice and applied as 32 percent, 34 percent, and 43 percent,
respectively.

(As of March 1, 2005, USD 1.00 is around TL 1,285,000 or YTL 1.285)

# Production

Turkish grain production is expected to be lower than normal in MY 2005
(June 2005 -- May 2006). The projected decrease in production is due to
very low precipitation in most parts of the Central Anatolia, especially
in Konya, Ankara, Kayseri, Nevsehir, and Nigde Provinces, during the
fall. Precipitation in January and most of February was normal. The
climate was relatively mild and it did not snow much this winter, which
will make grains more sensitive to drought during the spring months.

In MY 2004, TMO procured larger quantities of wheat and corn but less
barley and paddy rice. TMO paid a total of YTL 820 million for these
purchases.

The Prime Minister made a press conference about a month ago and
announced the new agricultural policies. The titles and summary are
provided as follow:

1\. Diesel support: Farmers will pay TL 1,373,000 per liter in stead of
TL 1,797,000 per liter according to the registration certificate and up
to 80 liters per hectare. Total registered area is 18,000 hectares.
Total support is expected to reach TL 69 trillion (or YTL 69 million).

2\. VAT reduction on chemical fertilizer: The VAT ratio will be reduced
from 18 percent to 8 percent on chemical fertilizer. Total support is
expected to reach TL 180 billion (or YTL 180,000).

3\. Farmers electricity debts: Farmers will be able to pay their
electricity debts in installment plans. The original debts will be
elevated according to the WPI (wholesalers price index). Farmers are
expected to pay 25 percent of the new debt at the beginning and they can
pay the remainder in 36 months as monthly installments.

4\. Electricity support: The price of electricity farmers' use for
irrigation will be reduced by 25 percent. Total support is expected to
reach TL 87.5 trillion (or YTL 87.5 million).

5\. Cotton premium: Cotton growers will receive a premium of TL 190 per
kilogram of cotton. Those growers who use and document that they used
certified seeds; they will receive a premium of TL 228,000 per kilogram
of cotton.

6\. Citrus and poultry meat support: It is expected that exports of
citrus crop, especially orange and tangerine, and poultry meet will be
increased.

7\. Use of certified seed support: Support on use of certified seeds
already started. Wheat and barley will be included to this program this
year. Total support is expected to reach TL 55 trillion (or YTL 55
million).

## Wheat

MY 2005 wheat production is currently projected at about 17 MMT, which
is about 6 percent lower than the revised level in MY 2004.
Precipitation in April and May is normally very important for cereal
production in Turkey and, as a result, production estimates may change
later in the year. If Turkey, especially the Central Anatolia Region,
does not receive sufficient precipitation in April and May, wheat
production estimates may be revised further downward. Wheat planting
area in MY 2005 is projected to be about the same as in MY 2004.

TMO procured larger quantities of wheat in MY 2004 compared to recent
years because of a large harvest, high procurement prices, and cash
payments, which it offered. As a result, farmers preferred to sell more
to TMO. By law TMO is required to purchase all wheat offered by farmers.
According to the TMO procurement system, farmers are paid the first half
of the value of the purchases at the time of the procurement and the
remainder is paid 30 days later. In MY 2004, TMO procured a total of
1,890,000 MT of wheat and paid YTL 658 million.

In 2004, Turkey used more efficient pest control programs, particularly
for the Sunni bug and "aelia rostrata", which are important factors for
wheat yields and quality. Farmers have come to recognize the benefits of
spraying in recent years. It is expected that more farmers will spray
against these pests because of higher prices they received for better
quality grains.

MY 2004 wheat crop estimate was revised upward by 1.7 percent to 18 MMT
according to industry sources and traders. About nine percent of this
total (1.6 MMT) was durum.

## Barley

Barley production is also projected to be slightly lower, at 6.8 MMT, in
MY 2005 compared to MY 2004 because of the same climatic reasons.
Precipitation through May will certainly affect yields. Barley planted
area in MY 2005 is also projected to remain about the same as was
estimated in MY 2004.

TMO procured much smaller quantities of barley in MY 2004, because
market prices were higher than the prices TMO offered. TMO procured only
1,026 MT of barley in MY 2004.

## Corn

Corn area and production are expected to increase by around 15 percent
in MY 2005. This will be the result of shifts from other crops,
primarily cotton, sugar beets, and tobacco. For the first time in MY
2004, the GOT announced a premium of TL 25,000 per kilogram, which also
encouraged farmers to grow corn.

TMO procured larger quantities of corn in MY 2004 compared to recent
years because of large supply, high procurement prices, and cash
payments it offered. As a result of these factors, farmers preferred to
sell larger quantities to TMO. According to the TMO procurement system,
farmers are paid the first half of the value of the purchases at the
time of the procurement and the remainder is paid 30 days later. In
addition to these factors, TMO applied a seven month deferred payment
system in order to sell all its corn stocks in MY 2003. Many millers
expected TMO to do the same in MY 2004, and, as a result, did not buy
much corn. Their ability to pay cash, since they were still paying the
remaining debt to TMO because of the purchases made by deferred payment
also limited their purchases. In MY 2004, TMO procured 473,000 MT of
corn and paid YTL 150 million.

## Rice

Rice area and production in MY 2005 are projected to be about the same
as they were in MY 2004.

Rice production in Turkey increased significantly in MY 2004. MY 2004,
rice area is estimated at 80,000 hectares while milled production is
estimated at 325,000 MT. Rice production increased more than the area in
MY 2004 due to higher yields, especially in the Thrace Region, which had
record high yields in MY 2004. Increase in production was mostly in
Osmancik variety, which competes directly with Calrose

On August 27, 2004, the GOT announced a new rice quota import regime,
which is explained in the Trade Policy Section in detail. As a result,
TMO did not have to buy large quantities of paddy rice. TMO bought only
15,000 MT and paid a total of YTL 10 million in MY 2004. TMO paid TL
864,000 per kilogram for Baldo, TL 756,000 per kilogram for other long
grain, TL 696,000 per kilogram for Veneria, TL 685,000 per kilogram for
other medium grain, and TL 621,000 per kilogram for short grain, all
prices were as paddy.

## Pulses

Pulse area and production both are projected to increase slightly in MY
2005 due to higher prices driven by higher export demand. MY 2004
production are estimated at 620,000 MT for chickpeas and 450,000 MT for
lentils.

GUNEYDOGUBIRLIK, which used to procure large amounts of red lentils to
protect farmers, procured a very small quantity in MY 2004.
GUNEYDOGUBIRLIK only procured 9,946 kilograms and paid an average price
of TL 586,000 per kilogram last July due to low prices. However,
GUNEYDOGUBIRLIK stopped procurement after prices increased. No other
organization is procuring any pulses.

# Consumption

## Wheat

Wheat consumption, especially for feed, is projected to decrease
slightly in MY 2005 because of reduced supplies.

Total MY 2004 wheat consumption was revised upward, primarily as a
result of larger use for feed due to large supply and low prices.
Industry contacts indicated that low quality and low priced wheat
replaced corn significantly, even in poultry feed. TMO also sold low
quality wheat to the feed millers with low prices and deferred payment
system.

Some industry sources estimate the wheat consumption in Turkey as
following breakdown:

1.  11,000,000 MT as bread,

2.  1,800,000 MT as seed,

3.  1,000,000 MT as bulgur (cracked wheat),

4.  1,000,000 MT as patisserie and luxury consumption, including cake,
    baklava, semolina, and etc.,

5.  650,000 MT as pasta,

6.  500,000 MT as biscuits and waffles, and

7.  1,000,000 MT as feed (This value is the lower limit and may go up
    higher depend upon the availability of other feed grains and their
    prices).

These figures also include quantities used for export purposes,
especially for pasta, biscuits, waffles, bulgur, semolina, etc. Turkey
exported about 70,000 MT pasta in 2003 and 125,000 MT in 2004. Similarly
Turkey exported about 90,000 MT biscuits and waffles in 2003 and 110,000
MT in 2004.

TMO wheat selling prices are listed in Table 1.

Table 1: TMO Wheat Selling Prices (February 2005)

  ----------------------------------- ----------------- ------------------
  **Type of Grains**                  **TL Per          **YTL Per
                                      Kilogram**        Kilogram**

  **Durum Wheat**                                       

  Anatolian Durum No: 1               498,000           0.4980

  Other Durum No: 1                   480,000           0.4800

  Low Quality Durum                   422,000           0.4220

  **Milling Wheat**                                     

  Anatolian Hard Red or White No: 1   458,000           0.4580

  Anatolian Semi Hard Red or White    436,000           0.4360
  No: 1                                                 

  Other Milling (Red or White) No: 1  413,000           0.4130

  Feed Wheat                          370,500           0.3705

  **Imported Wheat**                                    

  European Union                      416,000 1/        0.3750 2/

  Kazakistan                          416,000 1/        0.3700 2/

  European Union (Germany)            432,000 1/        0.3900 2/
  ----------------------------------- ----------------- ------------------

1/ Price with the deferred payment system

2/ Price if it is paid cash

Source: TMO Website -- www.tmo.gov.tr

Currently USD 1.00 is around YTL 1.285 (or TL 1,285,000)

The prices at the major grain commodity exchanges are given below for
comparison. These prices may be considered as current market prices. A
total of 1,245 MT of durum wheat was sold at an average price of YTL
0.33 per kilogram, a total of 350 MT of hard red milling wheat was sold
at an average price of YTL 0.35 per kilogram, a total of 94 MT of
semi-hard white milling wheat was sold at an average price of YTL 0.32
per kilogram, and a total of 450 MT of feed wheat was sold at an average
price of YTL 0.30 per kilogram at the Konya Commodity Exchange on
February 25, 2005. The quantities of sales and average prices at the
Polatli Commodity Exchange on the same day were: 210 MT of hard red
milling wheat at YTL 0.352 per kilogram, 23 MT of other milling wheat at
YTL 0.34 per kilogram, and 125 MT of feed wheat at YTL 0.325 per
kilogram.

## Barley

Barley consumption in MY 2005 is projected to remain unchanged from
previous years. About half of the feed barley is used for making
commercial feed and the other half is fed directly or crashed by farmers
for making their own mix, according to industry sources. Malting barley
consumption, which is estimated at 900,000 MT, has been steady in recent
years.

TMO barley selling prices are listed in Table 2.

**Table 2: TMO Barley Selling Prices**

  ------------------------------ ------------------- --------------------
  **Type of Grains**             **TL Per Kilogram** **YTL Per Kilogram**

  **Barley**                                         

  Malting                        335,000             0.3350

  White                          330,000             0.3300

  Black and Blue                 310,000             0.3100

  Imported                       310,000             0.3100
  ------------------------------ ------------------- --------------------

Compared to the TMO prices, 121 MT of feed barley was sold at an average
price of YTL 0.295 per kilogram at the Konya Commodity Exchange and 21
MT at YTL 0.31 at the Polatli Commodity Exchange on February 25, 2005.

## Corn

Corn consumption is projected to increase in MY 2005, because of
anticipated recovery of the poultry sector.

The corn market is rather quiet at the moment and corn consumption is
expected to decrease slightly in MY 2004 primarily as a result of more
feed wheat and lower demand from the poultry sector. The poultry sector
is recovering from bad publicity according to which some NGO's claimed
that the poultry sector was using hormones for their production. Even
though Ministry officials and sector representatives declared that this
is not the case, the poultry sector as consumption and prices have
decreased significantly. However, industry sources anticipate the sector
will recover from this crisis in MY 2005 and corn consumption will
rebound. The total quantity of corn used in feed is estimated at 2.7 MMT
and in starch and sweetener production is at 900,000 MT, about
three-quarters of the total consumption. The quantity of corn used by
the starch and sweetener industry can easily go higher because of its
price advantage over sugar produced from sugar beets. However, total
sweetener production is limited to ten percent of the total sugar supply
of Turkey.

The TMO selling price for corn is YTL 0.4030 per kilogram compared to
the average price of YTL 0.32 per kilogram at the Adana Commodity
exchange and YTL 0.34 per kilogram at the Eskisehir Commodity Exchange
on February 25, 2005

## Rice

Rice consumption estimates for Turkey vary considerably but range
between 7 and 8 kilograms. Our data puts per capita Turkish rice
consumption at about seven kilogram. Most of the rice is consumed in the
big cities and western provinces. Rural areas and central and eastern
provinces prefer to consume bulgur (cracked wheat). Pasta also competes
with rice, especially considering the availability of inexpensive pasta.
Rice consumption is also very price-sensitive. Bulgur is being sold at
one half price of the Egyptian rice in the market and considered to be
healthier than rice by many people. Many people make their own bulgur in
rural areas.

TMO is currently selling Baldo rice at YTL 1.95 per kilogram and other
long grain rice at YTL 1.53 per kilogram. These prices are slightly
lower in 50-kilogram bags (YTL 1.92 per kilogram of Baldo and YTL 1.47
per kilogram of other long grain). In retail outlets in Ankara, Baldo
rice is currently sold around YTL 2.50 per kilogram, Calrose is sold
around YTL 2.20 per kilogram, and Egyptian medium grain rice is sold
around YTL 1.90 per kilogram.

## Pulses

Per capita consumption of chickpeas is estimated at slightly less than
seven kilograms and lentils at about 6 kilograms all for human
consumption.

Green lentils and chickpeas are currently sold around YTL 2.50 per
kilogram and red lentils are sold around YTL 2.00 per kilogram in the
retail markets in Ankara.

# Trade and Trade Policy

The GOT is not issuing any control certificates (import licenses) for
wheat, barley, corn and rice imports at this point.

## Wheat

Turkey is projected to import more wheat in MY 2005 compared to MY 2004
because of the projected decrease in production (1.2 MMT in MY 2005
compared to 0.7 MMT in MY 2004). However, wheat imports are historically
related to exports of flour and other flour products, i.e., pasta,
biscuits, waffles, etc.

Turkey imported less wheat in MY 2004 because of large domestic
supplies. As a result, TMO procured large quantities and accumulated
large stocks. The GOT has not been issuing any control certificate for
wheat imports during the last several years. Wheat imports are possible
only with quotas primarily with the EU countries. In the past control
certificates were provided to the industry for re-exporting wheat
products such as flour, pasta, biscuits, etc. The GOT has also stopped
issuing control certificates for wheat flour and product exporters since
last September in order to allow TMO to reduce its stocks. However,
previously issued certificates, which became very rare, were honored.

Instead, TMO is selling wheat to the industry "at the world market
prices" for exporting of wheat products. These prices are not actually
the world market prices, but are still lower than the domestic market
prices and regular TMO sales prices. In other words, TMO is selling
wheat to flour and pasta exporters at prices below their procurement
prices. TMO sold about 1 MMT of wheat to the wheat product exporters "at
the world market prices" since last September. TMO selling prices for
March 2005 are listed in the following table.

**Table 3: TMO Wheat Selling Prices to Wheat Flour and Products
Exporters**

**in March 2005**

  --------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------
  **Type of Wheat**                 **MY 2004 Crop      **MY 2003 Crop
                                    (USD/MT)**          (USD/MT)**

  **Durum Wheat**                                       

  No: 1 Anatolian Durum             191                 186

  No: 1 Other Durum                 189                 184

  **Milling Wheat**                                     

  A1 Anatolian Hard White & A1      155                 143
  Anatolian Hard Red                                    

  A2 Anatolian Hard White & A2      147                 135
  Anatolian Hard Red                                    

  A1 Semi Hard Red & B1 Semi Hard   147                 135
  White                                                 

  A2 Semi Hard Red & B2 Semi Hard   139                 127
  White                                                 
  --------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------

Source: TMO Website -- www.tmo.gov.tr

Turkey exports a large quantity of wheat flour. Export Trade Matrix for
Wheat Flour, which is provided as Table 4 below, shows the quantities
exported by destination in 2003 and 2004.

## Export Trade Matrix for Wheat Flour

+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| ######## Turkey       |              |              |               |
|                       |              |              |               |
| Wheat Flour           |              |              |               |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Time Period           | Jan. - Dec.  | Units:       | Metric Tons   |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Exports for:          | 2003         |              | **2004**      |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| U.S.                  | 25           | U.S.         | 10            |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Others                |              | Others       |               |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Libya                 | 105562       | Iraq         | 194268        |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Israel                | 61370        | Georgia      | 90588         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Eritrea               | 50766        | Libya        | 88333         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Iraq                  | 44929        | Israel       | 65794         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Indonesia             | 28028        | Eritrea      | 56648         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Albania               | 21467        | Bulgaria     | 50602         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Azerbaijan            | 21266        | Azerbaijan   | 30588         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Venezuela             | 21000        | Indonesia    | 28259         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Georgia               | 17249        | Albania      | 26677         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Jordan                | 10392        | Gambia       | 19740         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Total for Others      | 382029       |              | 651497        |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Others not Listed     | 205723       |              | 127156        |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Grand Total           | 587777       |              | 778663        |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+

The quality of the TMO wheat is not satisfactory for millers, who
millers have been asking the GOT that high quality wheat (i.e., protein
content of 14 percent or higher) imports should be allowed. The industry
was not successful and it is not expected that significant quantities of
wheat will be imported until the new marketing year. Turkey has an
import quota for 200,000 MT of milling wheat and 100,000 MT of durum
wheat with zero duty from EU countries. The GOT officials and the
industry contacts are not sure at this point that the GOT will allow
these imports, since they have to be imported before May 31 of 2005.

The GOT assigns TMO to export grains from its stocks and, if this is the
case, the difference in between purchase prices and export prices is
paid by the Treasury. The GOT usually announces a small amount of export
support only for pasta; however, it has not been announced in 2005.
There are no support programs for any other cereals, cereal products, or
pulses.

Import duties for durum and milling wheat were increased to 60 percent
for the EU and EFTA countries and to 85 percent for the other countries
in 2005. These were 30 percent for durum and 40 percent for milling
wheat for all countries in 2004. However, duties for barley (85
percent), rice (34 percent for paddy, 36 percent for brown, and 45
percent for milled rice), chickpeas (19.3 percent), and lentils (19.3
percent) remained the same as they were in 2004.

Turkish wheat and flour exports to Iraq have gone up significantly in
recent years and took the first place in wheat and flour exports.

## Barley

Turkey is projected to import more barley (400,000 MT) in MY 2005
compared to (150,000 MT) in MY 2004 because of the projected decrease in
production. Turkey imported about 250,000 MT in MY 2003.

The GOT issued a decree for TMO to import 250,000 MT of barley duty-free
when barley prices increased last fall. However, barley prices went down
shortly after this announcement due to the availability of low priced
feed wheat. As a result, TMO has not imported any barley and is not
expected to import any until the end of the current marketing year. The
GOT will not issue import permits to the private sector to import
barley. The duty on barley imports is 85 percent.

## Corn

The quantity of corn to be imported in MY's 2004 and 2005 is projected
at 500,000 MT.

Historically, the corn duty has been increased to prohibitive levels
during the domestic harvest, and then reduced early in the New Year or
spring once the domestic crop has been sold out. In 2004 the GOT
announced a quota system that was somewhat disruptive to the trade,
since import quantities were allocated through an application process
that left many importers dissatisfied.

Corn import duties were raised from 80 percent to 100 percent for all
countries in 2005. At this point, future GOT policy on corn imports is
unclear for 2005. Since TMO has relatively large stocks, some speculate
that TMO may implement a policy similar to one it announced for rice
last spring. Under this system, importers first have to purchase TMO
stocks in order to obtain permission to import a similar quantity.

Regardless what the policy will be, almost all sources agree that Turkey
will import less corn compared with previous years. This is primarily
due to the increase in domestic production. Turkish millers also prefer
local corn and are willing to pay USD 10 higher per MT because of its
quality. Sweetener producers, for example, are required by many of their
customers to source non-biotech corn for their production of fructose.
For many millers Argentine corn is the second choice, followed by U.S.
corn.

The development of draft biosafety legislation also threatens to disrupt
commercial trade in corn. Legislation has been drafted, and GOT sources
have indicated that it will go to Parliament by the end of the month.
Realistic observers expect the law to spend considerably more time under
review since it would have such a significant impact on food and
agricultural industries in Turkey. For example, registration and
application procedures are quite arduous, and liability provisions are
very strict. While the spirit of the law is not to ban biotech products,
many sources indicate that if the law were passed in its current form,
trade in all products derived through agriculture biotechnology would
come to a halt.

## Rice

Turkey is projected to import less rice (170,000 MT) in MY 2005 compared
to (215,000 MT) the quantity in MY 2004.

Rice imports are governed by a quota regime published by the Foreign
Trade Under Secretariat on August 27, 2004. According to the new system,
rice imports were only possible if importers purchased paddy rice from
domestic producers. A quota received from the Foreign Trade Under
Secretariat after TMO first approves the firms' documents that they
bought paddy from producers. The GOT provided quotas to traders
according to the quantities they bought from producers. Traders have
already registered that they bought a total of 440,000 MT of paddy rice.
As a result, a total of 185,000 MT of milled rice (or paddy as milled
equivalent) quota was provided to traders. The quantity already imported
was estimated around 100,000 MT. Most of this total was taken from
bonded warehouses. The import duty rates are two points less than
announced in the 2005 Import Regime (they are 32 percent, 34 percent,
and 43 percent for paddy, brown, and milled rice, respectively). In
addition to this quantity, Turkey has an agreement to import 30,000 MT
of rice from the EU countries with zero duty. Thus, total imports in MY
2005 are estimated at 215,000 MT. This quota system has restricted the
total level of rice exports to Turkey, and effectively required the
domestic traders to finance domestic procurement -- an expensive job
that was previously done by TMO.

It is expected that the GOT will attempt to continue to use the quota
system for rice imports for upcoming years as well. TMO hopes to control
and regulate the local market by this way while domestic producers will
be protected. The GOT may also use this import regime system for
providing import licenses to other grains starting from the new
marketing year.

## Pulses

Turkey exported larger quantities of chickpeas and lentils in 2003 and
ended the year with lower carryover stocks. As a result, Turkey exported
lower quantities of chickpeas and lentils in MY 2004. Turkey is also
projected to export similar quantities of chickpeas and lentils in 2005.
Turkey exports red lentils and imports mostly green lentils.

The policy of the GOT on imports of pulses is to restrict issuance of
any control certificate during the harvest season, but to allow imports
around the beginning of the calendar year after the domestic market
situation becomes clearer.

# Stocks

Official stock data are not available. PSD stock data were derived
according to the information received from industry and trade sources.
It is estimated that TMO has 2.1 MMT of wheat in stocks as of
mid-February. Of this total, 0.6 MMT are estimated to be durum and 1.5
MMT are estimated to be milling wheat. TMO barley stocks are very low in
recent years and are currently estimated at around 2,000 MT. In addition
to these, TMO has 473,000 MT of corn and 17,000 MT of paddy rice in its
stocks at the moment. Stocks of most grains are projected to decrease
slightly at the end of MY 2005, including wheat, corn, and rice.

# Policy

## Production Policy

In order to reduce the budget deficit, Turkey has been going through
some major economic reforms, most of which were initiated by the IMF.
Agricultural support policies were probably the most significant
component of these reforms because it is estimated that around 35 or 40
percent of the population is involved in agriculture.

The GOT eliminated most price supports, procurement and export
subsidies. A direct payment system was implemented instead. One of the
aims of applying direct payment system was to improve the farmers
registration system, which will be very important during the
negotiations with the EU.

# Marketing

TMO purchased larger quantities of wheat in 2004, compared to previous
years, due to larger production. Turkey announced four sales tenders for
wheat since last October, but sold only a total of 100,000 MT of wheat
(of this total, 50,000 MT is milling and 50,000 MT is durum) because of
low market prices. TMO is selling most of its wheat stocks in the
domestic market to the industry for re-exports of flour and products,
because it is not able to export larger quantities. TMO sold around one
MMT of wheat from September 2004 until mid February 2005. Sales are
continuing and it is expected that TMO will sell nearly 1.5 MMT of wheat
to flour and products re-exporters until the end of the current
marketing year.

Turkey is one of the region's leading wheat flour exporters and becoming
one of the leading pasta exporters. These policies allow Turkey to
remain a significant long-term wheat importer as a result of increasing
demand for high quality wheat, combined with existing crop quality. In
addition, Turkey is expected to remain a long-term rice importer, policy
issues aside. However, Turkey is also expected to import less corn due
to projected increases in production, even though the consumption is
also projected to grow.

The United States is well positioned to meet the growing demand for
constant quality and value. U.S. Wheat Associates, U.S. Grain Council,
and U.S. Rice Federation have done a good job creating an awareness of
the quality and value of U.S. grains. There is a stiff competition,
however, from other suppliers with respect to both quality and price.
Supply reliability is a major asset of U.S. products. The GSM 102 credit
guarantee program also remains an important marketing tool for U.S.
grains.

# Statistical Tables

## PSD Table for Wheat

+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| Turkey      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
|             |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| Wheat       |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **20 | *     | **20 | **    | **20 | **    | **    |
|             | 03** | *Revi | 04** | Estim | 05** | Forec | UOM** |
|             |      | sed** |      | ate** |      | ast** |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **   | *     | **   | *     | **   | *     |       |
|             | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post |       |
|             | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   |       |
|             | cial | imate | cial | imate | cial | imate |       |
|             | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  |       |
|             | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** |       |
|             | \]** |       | \]** |       | \]** |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| ###         |      | 06    |      | 06    |      | 06    | MM    |
| #### Market |      | /2003 |      | /2004 |      | /2005 | /YYYY |
|  Year Begin |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Area      | 8600 | 8600  | 8600 | 8600  | 0    | 8600  | 1000  |
| Harvested** |      |       |      |       |      |       | HA    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Beginning | 1258 | 1395  | 1315 | 1795  | 1615 | 1795  | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **P         | 1    | 16800 | 1    | 18000 | 0    | 17000 | 1000  |
| roduction** | 6800 |       | 7700 |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 1096 | 1485  | 800  | 700   | 0    | 1200  | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jul-Jun   | 1056 | 1453  | 800  | 700   | 0    | 1200  | 1000  |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jul-Jun   | 55   | 111   | 0    | 100   | 0    | 100   | 1000  |
| Import      |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| U.S.**      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 1    | 19680 | 1    | 20495 | 1615 | 19995 | 1000  |
| SUPPLY**    | 9154 |       | 9815 |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 839  | 735   | 1000 | 1200  | 0    | 1200  | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jul-Jun   | 854  | 736   | 1000 | 1200  | 0    | 1200  | 1000  |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Feed Dom. | 1000 | 1250  | 1000 | 1500  | 0    | 1250  | 1000  |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 1    | 17150 | 1    | 17500 | 0    | 17400 | 1000  |
| Dom.        | 7000 |       | 7200 |       |      |       | MT    |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Ending    | 1315 | 1795  | 1615 | 1795  | 0    | 1395  | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 1    | 19680 | 1    | 20495 | 0    | 19995 | 1000  |
| DIS         | 9154 |       | 9815 |       |      |       | MT    |
| TRIBUTION** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+

## Export Trade Matrix for Wheat

+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Turkey             |             |                    |             |
|                    |             |                    |             |
| Wheat              |             |                    |             |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Time Period        | Jan. - Dec. | Units:             | Metric Tons |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Exports for:       | 2003        |                    | **2004**    |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| U.S.               | 1           | U.S.               | 9           |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others             |             | Others             |             |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Tajikistan         | 300         | Iraq               | 392         |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Germany            | 177         | Germany            | 211         |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Georgia            | 156         | Northern Cyprus    | 61          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Jordan             | 69          | Macedonia          | 39          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Israel             | 40          | Belgium            | 26          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Netherlands        | 33          | United Kingdom     | 26          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Belgium            | 28          | Netherlands        | 22          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Macedonia          | 27          | Azerbaijan         | 15          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Hungry             | 22          | Australia          | 8           |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Austria            | 15          | Austria            | 8           |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Total for Others   | 867         |                    | 808         |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others not Listed  | 70          |                    | 47          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Grand Total        | 938         |                    | 864         |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+

## Import Trade Matrix for Wheat

+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Turkey               |              |               |               |
|                      |              |               |               |
| Wheat                |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Time Period          | Jan. - Dec.  | Units:        | Metric Tons   |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Imports for:         | 2003         |               | **2004**      |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| U.S.                 | 55226        | U.S.          | 163753        |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others               |              | Others        |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Russia               | 593548       | Australia     | 262751        |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Kazakhstan           | 533125       | Canada        | 160204        |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Germany              | 428161       | Russia        | 152725        |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Canada               | 108131       | Brazil        | 70516         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Lithuania            | 38359        | Kazakhstan    | 67699         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Ukraine              | 24174        | Austria       | 38476         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Romania              | 21367        | Germany       | 35438         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Hungary              | 14464        | Argentina     | 21209         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Bulgaria             | 8750         | Romania       | 18632         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Iraq                 | 5762         | Hungary       | 14442         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Total for Others     | 1775841      |               | 842092        |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others not Listed    | 7672         |               | 53124         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Grand Total          | 1838739      |               | 1058969       |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+

## PSD Table for Barley

+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| Turkey      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
|             |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| Barley      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **20 | *     | **20 | **    | **20 | **    | **    |
|             | 03** | *Revi | 04** | Estim | 05** | Forec | UOM** |
|             |      | sed** |      | ate** |      | ast** |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **   | *     | **   | *     | **   | *     |       |
|             | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post |       |
|             | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   |       |
|             | cial | imate | cial | imate | cial | imate |       |
|             | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  |       |
|             | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** |       |
|             | \]** |       | \]** |       | \]** |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| ###         |      | 06    |      | 06    |      | 06    | MM    |
| #### Market |      | /2003 |      | /2004 |      | /2005 | /YYYY |
|  Year Begin |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Area      | 3450 | 3450  | 3500 | 3500  | 0    | 3500  | 1000  |
| Harvested** |      |       |      |       |      |       | HA    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Beginning | 673  | 530   | 679  | 463   | 679  | 463   | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **P         | 6900 | 6900  | 7100 | 7100  | 0    | 6800  | 1000  |
| roduction** |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 223  | 250   | 150  | 150   | 0    | 400   | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Oct-Sep   | 200  | 264   | 150  | 150   | 0    | 400   | 1000  |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Oct-Sep   | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Import      |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| U.S.**      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 7796 | 7680  | 7929 | 7713  | 679  | 7663  | 1000  |
| SUPPLY**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 17   | 17    | 50   | 50    | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Oct-Sep   | 0    | 10    | 50   | 50    | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Feed Dom. | 6200 | 6300  | 6300 | 6300  | 0    | 6300  | 1000  |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 7100 | 7200  | 7200 | 7200  | 0    | 7200  | 1000  |
| Dom.        |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Ending    | 679  | 463   | 679  | 463   | 0    | 463   | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 7796 | 7680  | 7929 | 7713  | 0    | 7663  | 1000  |
| DIS         |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| TRIBUTION** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+

## Export Trade Matrix for Barley

+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Turkey                 |               |           |                |
|                        |               |           |                |
| Barley                 |               |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Time Period            | Jan. - Dec.   | Units:    | Metric Tons    |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Exports for:           | 2003          |           | **2004**       |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| U.S.                   |               | U.S.      |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Others                 |               | Others    |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Saudi Arabia           | 244936        | Georgia   | 10             |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Jordan                 | 57750         | Belgium   | 5              |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Spain                  | 50777         |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Israel                 | 20900         |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Syria                  | 14745         |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Lebanon                | 5250          |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Northern Cyprus        | 1625          |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Belgium                | 5             |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
|                        |               |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
|                        |               |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Total for Others       | 395988        |           | 15             |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Others not Listed      |               |           |                |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Grand Total            | 395988        |           | 15             |
+------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+

## Import Trade Matrix for Barley

+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Turkey               |              |               |               |
|                      |              |               |               |
| Barley               |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Time Period          | Jan. - Dec.  | Units:        | Metric Tons   |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Imports for:         | 2003         |               | **2004**      |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| U.S.                 |              | U.S.          |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others               |              | Others        |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| France               | 55588        | Ukraine       | 120422        |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Denmark              | 31488        | Kazakhstan    | 55996         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| United Kingdom       | 2352         | Russia        | 42813         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Netherlands   | 8715          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Iraq          | 6458          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | France        | 5393          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Syria         | 490           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Bulgaria      | 53            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Total for Others     | 89428        |               | 240340        |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others not Listed    |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Grand Total          | 89428        |               | 240340        |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+

## PSD Table for Corn

+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| Turkey      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
|             |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| Corn        |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **20 | *     | **20 | **    | **20 | **    | **    |
|             | 03** | *Revi | 04** | Estim | 05** | Forec | UOM** |
|             |      | sed** |      | ate** |      | ast** |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **   | *     | **   | *     | **   | *     |       |
|             | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post |       |
|             | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   |       |
|             | cial | imate | cial | imate | cial | imate |       |
|             | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  |       |
|             | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** |       |
|             | \]** |       | \]** |       | \]** |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| ###         |      | 09    |      | 09    |      | 09    | MM    |
| #### Market |      | /2003 |      | /2004 |      | /2005 | /YYYY |
|  Year Begin |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Area      | 625  | 625   | 700  | 700   | 0    | 800   | 1000  |
| Harvested** |      |       |      |       |      |       | HA    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Beginning | 646  | 875   | 696  | 686   | 696  | 576   | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **P         | 2800 | 2500  | 3000 | 3000  | 0    | 3500  | 1000  |
| roduction** |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 1050 | 1023  | 900  | 500   | 0    | 500   | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Oct-Sep   | 1050 | 1038  | 900  | 500   | 0    | 500   | 1000  |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Oct-Sep   | 654  | 678   | 0    | 300   | 0    | 300   | 1000  |
| Import      |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| U.S.**      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 4496 | 4398  | 4596 | 4186  | 696  | 4576  | 1000  |
| SUPPLY**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 12    | 0    | 10    | 0    | 10    | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Oct-Sep   | 0    | 12    | 0    | 10    | 0    | 10    | 1000  |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Feed Dom. | 2900 | 2800  | 3000 | 2700  | 0    | 3100  | 1000  |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 3800 | 3700  | 3900 | 3600  | 0    | 4000  | 1000  |
| Dom.        |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Ending    | 696  | 686   | 696  | 576   | 0    | 566   | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 4496 | 4398  | 4596 | 4186  | 0    | 4576  | 1000  |
| DIS         |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| TRIBUTION** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+

## Export Trade Matrix for Corn

+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Turkey               |              |               |               |
|                      |              |               |               |
| Corn                 |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Time Period          | Jan. - Dec.  | Units:        | Metric Tons   |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Exports for:         | 2003         |               | **2004**      |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| U.S.                 |              | U.S.          | 3             |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others               |              | Others        |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Italy                | 3367         | Italy         | 5339          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Spain                | 2953         | Germany       | 1086          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| France               | 780          | Spain         | 677           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Israel               | 500          | France        | 486           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Germany              | 424          | Israel        | 389           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Netherlands          | 282          | Netherlands   | 297           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| United Kingdom       | 152          | Croatia       | 179           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Hungry               | 48           | Albania       | 36            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Austria              | 28           | Iraq          | 31            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Northern Cyprus      | 22           | Japan         | 31            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Total for Others     | 8556         |               | 8551          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others not Listed    | 2432         |               | 1971          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Grand Total          | 10988        |               | 10525         |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+

## Import Trade Matrix for Corn

+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Turkey                |              |              |               |
|                       |              |              |               |
| Corn                  |              |              |               |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Time Period           | Jan. - Dec.  | Units:       | Metric Tons   |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Imports for:          | 2003         |              | **2004**      |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| U.S.                  | 1113484      | U.S.         | 678471        |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Others                |              | Others       |               |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Argentina             | 356753       | Argentina    | 197461        |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Hungary               | 163622       | Hungary      | 45362         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Ukraine               | 42856        | Ukraine      | 42459         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Romania               | 40228        | Romania      | 24675         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Bulgaria              | 37509        | France       | 24106         |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Brazil                | 31353        | Bulgaria     | 8998          |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| France                | 21414        | Spain        | 4517          |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Croatia               | 7810         | Germany      | 1373          |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Moldova               | 2407         | Yugoslavia   | 692           |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| South Africa          | 216          | Italy        | 586           |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Total for Others      | 704168       |              | 350229        |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Others not Listed     | 480          |              | 1004          |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+
| Grand Total           | 1818132      |              | 1029704       |
+-----------------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+

## PSD Table for Rice

+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| ##          |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| #### Turkey |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
|             |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| ###### R    |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| ice, Milled |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **20 | *     | **20 | **    | **20 | **    | **    |
|             | 03** | *Revi | 04** | Estim | 05** | Forec | UOM** |
|             |      | sed** |      | ate** |      | ast** |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **   | *     | **   | *     | **   | *     |       |
|             | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post |       |
|             | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   |       |
|             | cial | imate | cial | imate | cial | imate |       |
|             | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  |       |
|             | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** |       |
|             | \]** |       | \]** |       | \]** |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| ###         |      | 09    |      | 09    |      | 09    | MM    |
| #### Market |      | /2003 |      | /2004 |      | /2005 | /YYYY |
|  Year Begin |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Area      | 75   | 70    | 90   | 80    | 0    | 80    | 1000  |
| Harvested** |      |       |      |       |      |       | HA    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Beginning | 130  | 175   | 75   | 70    | 145  | 110   | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Milled    | 270  | 270   | 350  | 325   | 0    | 325   | 1000  |
| P           |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| roduction** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Rough     | 415  | 415   | 538  | 500   | 0    | 500   | 1000  |
| P           |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| roduction** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **MILLING   | 6505 | 6500  | 6500 | 6500  | 0    | 6500  | 1000  |
| RATE        |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| (.9999)**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 250  | 126   | 300  | 215   | 0    | 170   | 1000  |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jan-Dec   | 200  | 385   | 250  | 145   | 0    | 170   | 1000  |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jan-Dec   | 0    | 150   | 0    | 17    | 0    | 40    | 1000  |
| Import      |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| U.S.**      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 650  | 571   | 725  | 610   | 145  | 605   | 1000  |
| SUPPLY**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 1     | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jan-Dec   | 0    | 4     | 0    | 1     | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 575  | 500   | 580  | 500   | 0    | 510   | 1000  |
| Dom.        |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Ending    | 75   | 70    | 145  | 110   | 0    | 95    | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 650  | 571   | 725  | 610   | 0    | 605   | 1000  |
| DIS         |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| TRIBUTION** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+

## Export Trade Matrix for Rice

+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Turkey             |             |                    |             |
|                    |             |                    |             |
| Rice, Milled       |             |                    |             |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Time Period        | Jan. - Dec. | Units:             | Metric Tons |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Exports for:       | 2003        |                    | **2004**    |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| U.S.               | 39          | U.S.               | 59          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others             |             | Others             |             |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Belgium            | 3082        | Belgium            | 172         |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| United Kingdom     | 397         | Northern Cyprus    | 191         |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Northern Cyprus    | 198         | United Kingdom     | 64          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Russia             | 100         | Kazakhstan         | 50          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Italy              | 66          | Turkmenistan       | 37          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Turkmenistan       | 59          | Germany            | 30          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Bulgaria           | 36          | Iraq               | 27          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Greece             | 26          | Russia             | 26          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Kazakhstan         | 24          | France             | 24          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Iraq               | 21          | Afghanistan        | 17          |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Total for Others   | 4009        |                    | 638         |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Others not Listed  | 200         |                    | 146         |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+
| Grand Total        | 4248        |                    | 843         |
+--------------------+-------------+--------------------+-------------+

## Import Trade Matrix for Rice

+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Turkey                 |               |            |                |
|                        |               |            |                |
| Rice, Milled           |               |            |                |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Time Period            | Jan. - Dec.   | Units:     | Metric Tons    |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Imports for:           | 2003          |            | **2004**       |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| U.S.                   | 149937        | U.S.       | 17149          |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Others                 |               | Others     |                |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Egypt                  | 102310        | Egypt      | 76609          |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| China                  | 70109         | Italy      | 24576          |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Italy                  | 22616         | China      | 17396          |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Australia              | 21511         | Vietnam    | 6234           |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Vietnam                | 10000         | Thailand   | 1252           |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Uruguay                | 3250          | Russia     | 892            |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Thailand               | 2267          | Spain      | 406            |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Ukraine                | 1272          | France     | 109            |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Spain                  | 789           | Pakistan   | 42             |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Pakistan               | 640           | India      | 22             |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Total for Others       | 234764        |            | 127538         |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Others not Listed      | 591           |            | 436            |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+
| Grand Total            | 385292        |            | 145123         |
+------------------------+---------------+------------+----------------+

## PSD Table for Chickpeas

+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| ##          |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| #### Turkey |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
|             |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| Garbanzos   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **20 | *     | **20 | **    | **20 | **    | **    |
|             | 03** | *Revi | 04** | Estim | 05** | Forec | UOM** |
|             |      | sed** |      | ate** |      | ast** |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **   | *     | **   | *     | **   | *     |       |
|             | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post |       |
|             | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   |       |
|             | cial | imate | cial | imate | cial | imate |       |
|             | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  |       |
|             | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** |       |
|             | \]** |       | \]** |       | \]** |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| ###         |      | 01    |      | 01    |      | 01    | MM    |
| #### Market |      | /2003 |      | /2004 |      | /2005 | /YYYY |
|  Year Begin |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Area      | 0    | 630   | 0    | 640   | 0    | 650   | 1000  |
| Harvested** |      |       |      |       |      |       | HA    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Beginning | 0    | 85    | 0    | 20    | 0    | 30    | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **P         | 0    | 600   | 0    | 620   | 0    | 630   | 1000  |
| roduction** |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 0     | 0    | 1     | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jul-Jun   | 0    | 1     | 0    | 1     | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jul-Jun   | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Import      |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| U.S.**      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 685   | 0    | 641   | 0    | 660   | 1000  |
| SUPPLY**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 190   | 0    | 133   | 0    | 140   | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jul-Jun   | 0    | 182   | 0    | 130   | 0    | 140   | 1000  |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Feed Dom. | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 475   | 0    | 478   | 0    | 480   | 1000  |
| Dom.        |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Ending    | 0    | 20    | 0    | 30    | 0    | 40    | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 685   | 0    | 641   | 0    | 660   | 1000  |
| DIS         |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| TRIBUTION** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+

##  Export Trade Matrix for Chickpeas

+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Turkey               |              |                |              |
|                      |              |                |              |
| Garbanzos            |              |                |              |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Time Period          | Jan. - Dec.  | Units:         | Metric Tons  |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Exports for:         | 2003         |                | **2004**     |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| U.S.                 | 518          | U.S.           | 1156         |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Others               |              | Others         |              |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Iraq                 | 56898        | India          | 18814        |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| India                | 27138        | Saudi Arabia   | 13115        |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Saudi Arabia         | 10681        | Italy          | 12111        |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Italy                | 10577        | Iraq           | 10096        |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Jordan               | 10160        | Sri Lanka      | 9670         |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Tunisia              | 8245         | Tunisia        | 9043         |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Algeria              | 7193         | Algeria        | 6932         |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Pakistan             | 5117         | Jordan         | 6237         |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Sri Lanka            | 5021         | Spain          | 4660         |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Lebanon              | 4768         | Israel         | 4389         |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Total for Others     | 145798       |                | 95067        |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Others not Listed    | 43284        |                | 36749        |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
| Grand Total          | 189600       |                | 132972       |
+----------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+

## Import Trade Matrix for Chickpeas

+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Turkey               |              |               |               |
|                      |              |               |               |
| Garbanzos            |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Time Period          | Jan. - Dec.  | Units:        | Metric Tons   |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Imports for:         | 2003         |               | **2004**      |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| U.S.                 |              | U.S.          |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others               |              | Others        |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| United Kingdom       | 14           | Algeria       | 322           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Portugal      | 88            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Italy         | 82            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Netherlands   | 40            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Azerbaijan    | 3             |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Total for Others     | 14           |               | 535           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others not Listed    | 27           |               | 11            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Grand Total          | 41           |               | 546           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+

## PSD Table for Lentils

+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| ##          |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| #### Turkey |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
|             |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| Lentils     |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **20 | *     | **20 | **    | **20 | **    | **    |
|             | 03** | *Revi | 04** | Estim | 05** | Forec | UOM** |
|             |      | sed** |      | ate** |      | ast** |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
|             | **   | *     | **   | *     | **   | *     |       |
|             | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post | USDA | *Post |       |
|             | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   | Offi | Est   |       |
|             | cial | imate | cial | imate | cial | imate |       |
|             | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  | \    | \[Ne  |       |
|             | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** | [Old | w\]** |       |
|             | \]** |       | \]** |       | \]** |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| ###         |      | 01    |      | 01    |      | 01    | MM    |
| #### Market |      | /2003 |      | /2004 |      | /2005 | /YYYY |
|  Year Begin |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Area      | 0    | 440   | 0    | 450   | 0    | 460   | 1000  |
| Harvested** |      |       |      |       |      |       | HA    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Beginning | 0    | 135   | 0    | 60    | 0    | 40    | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **P         | 0    | 540   | 0    | 560   | 0    | 580   | 1000  |
| roduction** |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 17    | 0    | 6     | 0    | 10    | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jul-Jun   | 0    | 14    | 0    | 6     | 0    | 10    | 1000  |
| Imports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jul-Jun   | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Import      |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| U.S.**      |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 692   | 0    | 626   | 0    | 630   | 1000  |
| SUPPLY**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 217   | 0    | 171   | 0    | 160   | 1000  |
| Mkt. Yr.    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Jul-Jun   | 0    | 137   | 0    | 150   | 0    | 160   | 1000  |
| Exports**   |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Feed Dom. | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 0    | 0     | 1000  |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 415   | 0    | 415   | 0    | 420   | 1000  |
| Dom.        |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| Co          |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
| nsumption** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **Ending    | 0    | 60    | 0    | 40    | 0    | 50    | 1000  |
| Stocks**    |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+
| **TOTAL     | 0    | 692   | 0    | 626   | 0    | 630   | 1000  |
| DIS         |      |       |      |       |      |       | MT    |
| TRIBUTION** |      |       |      |       |      |       |       |
+-------------+------+-------+------+-------+------+-------+-------+

## Export Trade Matrix for Lentils

+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Turkey              |             |                   |             |
|                     |             |                   |             |
| Lentils             |             |                   |             |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Time Period         | Jan. - Dec. | Units:            | Metric Tons |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Exports for:        | 2003        |                   | **2004**    |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| U.S.                | 966         | U.S.              | 993         |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Others              |             | Others            |             |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Iraq                | 44993       | Egypt             | 53927       |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Sri Lanka           | 37529       | Iraq              | 24330       |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Bangladesh          | 30840       | Sri Lanka         | 17528       |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Egypt               | 22897       | Bangladesh        | 14444       |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| United Kingdom      | 10085       | Sudan             | 13283       |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Saudi Arabia        | 8624        | United Kingdom    | 8892        |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Sudan               | 8053        | Saudi Arabia      | 6846        |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Eritrea             | 5347        | Israel            | 5603        |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Germany             | 3521        | Eritrea           | 4501        |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Israel              | 3364        | Germany           | 4464        |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Total for Others    | 175253      |                   | 153818      |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Others not Listed   | 40699       |                   | 16287       |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Grand Total         | 216918      |                   | 171098      |
+---------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------+

## Import Trade Matrix for Lentils

+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Turkey               |              |               |               |
|                      |              |               |               |
| Lentils              |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Time Period          | Jan. - Dec.  | Units:        | Metric Tons   |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Imports for:         | 2003         |               | **2004**      |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| U.S.                 | 281          | U.S.          |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others               |              | Others        |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Canada               | 15497        | Canada        | 3591          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| China                | 887          | Syria         | 1719          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Saudi Arabia         | 102          | Iraq          | 100           |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Russia               | 100          | Israel        | 44            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Spain                | 42           | Switzerland   | 40            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Azerbaijan    | 21            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Germany       | 21            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              | Netherlands   | 20            |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
|                      |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Total for Others     | 16628        |               | 5556          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Others not Listed    |              |               |               |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+
| Grand Total          | 16909        |               | 5556          |
+----------------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+