**Before the**

**Federal Communications Commission**

**Washington, D.C. 20554**

+----------------------------------+----+------------------------------+
| In the matter of                 | *  | **File No. D145266**         |
|                                  | *) |                              |
| **Terion, Inc**.                 | ** | **Call Sign: WPKU683**       |
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| Application to modify the        | *  |                              |
| conditions of its authorization  | *) |                              |
| for its nationwide high          | ** |                              |
| frequency locating, monitoring   |    |                              |
| and telemetering system, to      | *  |                              |
| increase overall system          | *) |                              |
| capacity, and to allow           | ** |                              |
| application for renewal prior to |    |                              |
| adoption of final rules          | *  |                              |
| governing this type of operation | *) |                              |
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+----------------------------------+----+------------------------------+

**ORDER**

**Adopted: March 6, 2002 Released: March 7, 2002**

By the Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau:

# Introduction

1.  The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau ("WTB") hereby grants in part
    the captioned application, as amended, of Terion, Inc.[^1]
    ("Terion") for modification of four of the conditions of its
    existing authorization (WPKU683) to install and operate low-power
    mobile and fixed units that transmit in the high frequency (HF)
    bands.[^2] The HF transmissions from these remote units constitute
    the response path in Terion's "Digital High Frequency" ("DHF")
    system, which is a nationwide two-way locating, monitoring and
    telemetering system.[^3] For reasons set forth herein, we are
    replacing the existing conditions, equipment specifications, and
    carrier frequency list currently applicable to Terion's
    authorization with the modified, consolidated and updated conditions
    attached hereto. The modified conditions, among other things, no
    longer provide that the authorization for the DHF system may be
    renewed only in accordance with final rules governing this type of
    operation. We are, however, denying Terion's request for
    modifications to increase the traffic capacity of this system.[^4]
    In response to changed economic circumstances, Terion has recently
    decided not to expand use of the DHF system, but instead to phase
    out the existing DHF service.[^5] Consequently, authorizing an
    increase in system capacity appears to be unnecessary at this time.
    We are, however, updating the carrier frequency list, consolidating
    the operating and technical conditions, and removing the restriction
    on renewal of the authorization. We conclude that our actions herein
    serve the public interest by providing for continued operation of
    the DHF system with its originally-authorized capacity, to serve
    remaining customers during the phase out of service.

# BACKGROUND

2.  On July 10, 1997, WTB and the Office of Engineering and Technology
    ("OET") granted Terion[^6] a five-year authorization to construct
    and operate a nationwide commercial two-way short-data messaging
    system in the HF range of the electromagnetic spectrum.[^7] The
    authorization specifies 954 channels[^8] and is subject to special
    conditions and equipment requirements that are designed to allow
    Terion's system to utilize the HF range of the electromagnetic
    spectrum without impairing the operations of other HF users.[^9]
    Included within these special conditions are certain technical
    requirements that, together with the number of channels, effectively
    limit the message capacity of Terion's system.[^10]

3.  On August 11, 1997, WTB modified its earlier grant by adding another
    condition, which provides that Terion's authorization may be renewed
    only in accordance with "final rules regularly permitting operations
    of this type in the HF portion of the electromagnetic
    spectrum."[^11] In doing so, the Commission stated that it would
    initiate a rule making proceeding to consider such rules after
    technical data obtained from operation of the Terion system becomes
    available.[^12]

4.  After 18 months of testing, Terion launched full commercial service
    on October 1, 1999. According to Terion, the demand for its HF-based
    service increased rapidly. On July 28, 2000, Terion filed an
    FCC Form 600 application (File No. D145266) requesting that the
    conditions of its authorization be modified to specify additional
    channels,[^13] allow additional capacity for its system, and provide
    for possible renewal of the authorization notwithstanding the status
    of any rule making proceeding looking to establish rules providing
    for regular operation of this type of system.

5.  WTB issued a Public Notice on November 17, 2000 seeking comment on
    Terion's modification application.[^14] One comment was filed, by
    the National Association for Amateur Radio *a.k.a.* American Radio
    Relay League, Inc. ("ARRL"). ARRL believes that Terion's system is
    incompatible with amateur radio operations. While acknowledging that
    the instant Terion application does not involve current amateur
    radio service allocations, ARRL is concerned that some of the
    frequencies requested by Terion fall within frequency bands that may
    be allocated to the Amateur Radio Service in the future,[^15] *e.g.*
    pursuant to actions in matters on the agenda for WRC-2003.[^16]
    Terion replies that it has never sought to use Amateur Radio Service
    frequency bands and that its system can readily discontinue use of
    frequencies or frequency bands if allocations change.[^17]

6.  OET referred Terion's request to the Interdepartmental Radio
    Advisory Council ("IRAC"), an inter-governmental organization that
    coordinates the licensing of shared government / non-government
    frequency allocations. As a result of this coordination process, the
    National Telecommunications and Information Administration ("NTIA")
    and the Federal Emergency Management Agency ("FEMA") requested that
    the Commission not include certain individual carrier frequencies
    and frequency bands in Terion's authorized carrier frequency list,
    in order to avoid potential interference to short-wave broadcasting
    and to existing federal uses.[^18] NTIA and FEMA also provided these
    carrier frequency exclusion requests to Terion.

7.  On June 5, 2001 and August 10, 2001, Terion filed amendments to its
    application, deleting numerous specific carrier frequencies that it
    had originally requested, including all of the carrier frequencies
    and frequency bands identified by NTIA and FEMA, and also those that
    are allocated to and used by two Part 95 services.[^19]

8.  On September 13, 2001, Terion's legal counsel informed the
    Commission by letter that Terion had recently notified its customers
    that, in light of changed economic circumstances, it would suspend
    use of its "partially RF-based Mobile Cab Communications operations"
    (*i.e.* the DHF system).[^20] Despite this, Terion reiterated its
    request that the Commission process its modification application.
    Subsequently, WTB staff informed Terion's counsel by telephone that,
    in view of the planned phase-out of the DHF system, a revised
    justification would be needed for WTB to grant Terion's traffic
    capacity expansion request. In a later telephone conversation,
    Terion's counsel indicated that Terion does not plan to add anything
    further to this record.

# Discussion

9.  In light of Terion's announced plans to suspend or phase out
    operations of its DHF system, we find that expansion of the
    authorized carrier frequency list and concomitant relaxation of the
    existing limits on system traffic capacity is, at this time,
    unwarranted. Accordingly, we deny this request.

10. The recently completed federal frequency coordination effort
    associated with processing this application identified a number of
    carrier frequencies on the original authorized carrier frequency
    list that we now conclude should be deleted in order to protect
    federal and international broadcasting operations.[^21] Therefore,
    we are modifying Terion's authorized carrier frequency list to
    delete these frequencies and to add an equivalent number of carrier
    frequencies (from the additional carrier frequencies requested by
    Terion) that were cleared by the recent coordination process. The
    net result of these modifications is that the total number of
    Terion's authorized carrier frequencies remains unchanged. [^22]

11. We are removing the condition on Terion's authorization that
    provides that it may be renewed only in accordance with final rules
    regularly permitting operations of this type. When we established
    this condition, we noted that operation of Terion's system could
    provide valuable technical data that would assist the Commission in
    evaluating proposals to establish rules permitting permanent
    operations of this type in the HF spectrum.[^23] We also indicated
    that the Commission would initiate a rule making proceeding for that
    purpose after Terion commenced operations and the aforementioned
    technical data became available. The Commission, however, has not
    initiated such a rule making proceeding, and in view of the
    uncertain future of Terion's HF system, there appears to be little
    justification for doing so at this time. In the event Terion seeks
    renewal when its initial authorization expires in July 2002, its
    authorization may be renewed upon proper application.[^24]

# ORDERING CLAUSE

12. In view of the foregoing, IT IS ORDERED That the Application of
    Terion, Inc. for modification of its Part 90 authorization in the
    Industrial/Business Radio Service is granted-in-part as set forth
    herein, subject to the terms and conditions attached hereto, and
    denied in all other respects. This action is taken under authority
    delegated in Section 0.331 of the Commissions Rules,
    47 C.F.R. 0.331.

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

Thomas J. Sugrue

Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau

**Call Sign WPKU683**

**File No. D145266**

Pursuant to Order of the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, DA 02-545,
adopted on March 6, 2002 and released on March 7, 2002, the authority of
Terion, Inc. ("the licensee") to operate its commercial short-data
messaging, locating, telemetry and monitoring system ("the system")
using the high frequency ("HF") portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
(3 to 24 MHz) is subject to the following conditions:

1.  [Secondary service]{.underline}. The service provided by the system
    is a secondary service subject to the provisions of
    Section 2.104(d)(3) of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
    rules (47 C.F.R. § 2.104(d)(3)).

2.  [Equipment certification]{.underline}. Each HF transmitter used by
    the system must be of a type that has received a grant of
    certification pursuant to the Equipment Authorization Procedures set
    forth in Part 2, Subpart J of the FCC rules (47 C.F.R. part 2,
    subpart J). Grant of certification will be based on compliance with
    the following equipment technical specifications:

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
a.  [Transmitter power output]{.underline}. The transmitter power output
    must not exceed 15 Watts.

b.  [Carrier frequency stability]{.underline}. The carrier frequency
    must be stable to ± 10 parts per million over an environmental
    temperature range of --20 to +70 degrees Celsius.

c.  [Emission type]{.underline}. The operational modulated emission type
    must be 2K80G1D. Type N0N emission capability is permitted in a test
    mode; otherwise the energy must be spread over a 2.8 kHz bandwidth.

d.  [Emission mask]{.underline}. The authorized bandwidth is 3.0 kHz.
    The power of emissions outside of the authorized bandwidth must be
    attenuated below the power of the unmodulated carrier wave in
    accordance with the following:

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  On any frequency displaced from the the power of emissions must be
  carrier frequency by:               attenuated by:

  1.5 to 4.0 kHz                      At least 25 dB

  4.0 to 7.5 kHz                      At least 35 dB

  More than 7.5 kHz                   At least 43 dB
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

3.  [Station identification]{.underline}. Each HF transmitted packet
    must be identified by a digital identifier embedded in the preamble
    of the packet.

4.  [Duration of transmissions]{.underline}. The duration of each HF
    transmission by each transmitter must not exceed 4 seconds. The
    licensee must maintain a daily record of the 7-day moving average of
    the durations of all completed HF transmissions and notify the FCC
    by letter if it appears that such average is regularly exceeding
    2 seconds.

5.  [Occupancy]{.underline}. Accumulated transmissions by the system on
    each HF channel must not exceed one percent (36 seconds) in each
    hour in each geographical area in the contiguous United States
    bounded by each 5 degrees of latitude (beginning at 49° North
    Latitude and proceeding Southward) and each 5 degrees of longitude
    (beginning at 70° West Longitude and proceeding Westward).

6.  [Daily average power density limit; daily transmitted energy
    limit]{.underline}. The number of messages transmitted by the system
    must be limited such that (a) the daily accumulated average power
    density over the contiguous United States does not exceed
    --174 dBW/Hz-m² and (b) the total HF radio frequency energy
    transmitted daily by the system does not exceed 2 million
    Watt-seconds.

7.  [Radiated power]{.underline}. The radiated power of the HF
    transmitter and its antenna system(s) as typically installed must
    not exceed one Watt. Radiated power is considered to be the antenna
    current squared multiplied by the theoretical radiation resistance
    of the antenna at the operating frequency, that is, it excludes
    ohmic and ground losses.

8.  [Master control center functions]{.underline}. HF transmissions must
    be controlled by a master control center that is capable of
    (a) preventing transmissions on individual channels or frequency
    bands and (b) shutting down the entire system. The master control
    center must assess HF channel occupancy using a minimum of six
    diverse receive sites. HF channel occupancy assessments indicating a
    clear (available) channel must be valid for no longer than
    10 seconds. HF transmitters must not transmit on any channel unless
    and until that channel has been declared clear by the master control
    center. If the master control center is directed by an authorized
    official of the FCC to cease transmissions on specific HF
    channel(s), transmissions on the specified channel(s) must cease
    within one hour after such direction. If an authorized official of
    the National Telecommunications and Information Administration
    (NTIA) advises the FCC that the system should cease all
    transmissions on specific HF channel(s), the FCC may immediately
    direct the master control center to do so.

9.  [HF transmitting antennas]{.underline}. HF transmit antennas used in
    the system must be of a type that has no more directivity than a
    half-wavelength dipole antenna or a quarter-wavelength monopole on a
    ground plane, based on free-space radiation patterns.

10. [Publicly available log of transmissions]{.underline}. The licensee
    must log and make publicly available via the internet the time,
    frequency, location and duration of all completed HF transmissions
    for the prior 24 hours. The uniform resource locator (URL) or web
    site address of the internet log must be provided to the FCC and to
    the NTIA. To the extent possible, the log data must be sorted and
    presented in a manner that facilitates identification of specific
    transmissions.

11. [Carrier frequencies]{.underline}. The system may make HF
    transmissions using only the carrier frequencies specified on the
    following pages (in kHz). This list of carrier frequencies may be
    modified at the licensee's request, in consultation with the FCC and
    the NTIA, provided that (a) the total number of 3 kHz (bandwidth)
    channels listed for use by the system does not exceed 914
    (equivalent to a total authorized spectrum of 2.742 MHz) and (b) a
    15 kHz guard band is maintained between spectrum used by the system
    and all aeronautical, radio astronomy, maritime, amateur, time
    standard and industrial, scientific and medical bands. The FCC may
    modify the list of carrier frequencies if necessary to accommodate
    changes in international or domestic HF band allocations to the
    aforementioned primary services.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

[^1]: Terion, Inc. describes itself in its press releases as a
    "business-to-business wireless application service provider using
    two-way wireless communications." Terion press releases are posted
    on the internet at <http://www.terion.com/press_releases/index.asp>

[^2]: The high frequency (HF) range of the electromagnetic spectrum is
    that portion from 3 MHz to 30 MHz.

[^3]: Terion in the instant application described this system as "a
    specialized wide-area messaging and tracking service using an
    innovative digital transmission system adapted from technology
    developed by Harris Corporation for military purposes." Application,
    Exhibit 1.

[^4]: Terion requested modifications that would allow it to use
    additional channels, transmit more radio frequency energy per day,
    and employ a longer occupancy (transmission time per hour per
    geographic area).

[^5]: See Terion press release "Terion to Focus On FleetView Trailer
    Tracking Product", August 17,2001, on the internet at
    http://www.terion.com/press_releases/fleetview_focus_cranston_named_president.asp

[^6]: Terion was then known as Flash Comm, Inc.

[^7]: DA 97-1451, 12 FCC Rcd 9877 (1977). In granting the authorization,
    OET and WTB waived several rules that govern permissible use of the
    HF range of the electromagnetic spectrum, Sections 2.102(h)(1) and
    (h)(2), 90.266(b), (f) and (g), and two rules that specify operating
    procedures for private radio service stations, Sections 90.75(d) and
    90.425(a).

[^8]: The Terion system uses HF channels with a bandwidth of 3 kHz each,
    which are listed in the conditions attached hereto by their carrier
    (center) frequencies.

[^9]: The HF portion of the spectrum is home to a variety of important
    government and non-government uses, including military and national
    defense, disaster relief, short-wave broadcasting, maritime safety,
    and amateur radio.

[^10]: Although the authorization does not specifically limit the number
    of units it may deploy, Terion calculates that the existing
    conditions limit the theoretical capacity of its system to no more
    than 32,258 truck mounted units. Based on historical sales growth,
    Terion projected that it would reach this limit in 2001.

[^11]: DA 97-1710, 12 FCC Rcd 12029 (1997).

[^12]: *Id.*

[^13]: Terion initially requested that the number of channels be
    quadrupled, to 3816.

[^14]: Public Notice, "Wireless Telecommunications Bureau seeks comment
    on Terion, Inc.'s request to modify its authorization to operate a
    short-data messaging system in the high frequency (HF) range under
    Part 90 of the rules", DA 00-2600 (November 17, 2000).

[^15]: Terion requested to use frequencies that fall within the
    5250-5400 kHz frequency range. Since the end of the pleading cycle
    in this matter, the ARRL filed a Petition for Rule Making (RM-10209)
    requesting that frequency band be allocated for domestic amateur
    radio use.

[^16]: Comments of ARRL, The National Association for Amateur Radio, at
    4.

[^17]: Reply Comments of Terion, Inc., at 3.

[^18]: The NTIA request comprised the combined requests of the Justice
    Department, U.S. Coast Guard, and the Broadcasting Board of
    Governors.

[^19]: Specifically, the Citizens Band Radio Service and the Radio
    Control (R/C) Radio Service.

[^20]: Letter from Robert L. Petit, Wiley, Rein & Fielding LLP, Counsel
    for Terion, Inc. to Magalie Salas, Secretary, Federal Communications
    Commission, dated September 13, 2001.

[^21]: Terion may have already "locked out" (refrained from using) these
    carrier frequencies.

[^22]: No carrier frequencies falling within current Amateur Radio
    Service allocations, the 5250-5400 kHz band, or the 6900-7000 kHz
    band are included in this authorization. Furthermore, condition 11
    attached hereto specifically protects current and future Amateur
    Radio Service frequency allocations. Consequently, the concern
    expressed by ARRL is moot.

[^23]: See note 11.

[^24]: In addition, we are making minor amendments to the authorization
    conditions to reflect the change in company name from Flash Comm,
    Inc. to Terion, Inc, to use current FCC equipment authorization
    program terminology, and to delete the requirement concerning the
    number of receive sites during the first year of operation (which
    has passed). We are also combining the equipment technical
    requirements and the authorized frequency list into the conditions,
    resulting in a single license attachment instead of three.