# Index Items

#### Chpt 1

fine-structure constant

secondary particles

redundant measurements

approximations

electrode

interaction probability

coupling constants

electron volt

Planck's constant

Compton wavelength

speed of light,

Angstrom

Fermi

strong interaction

hadronic

Bohr energy level

ionization continuum

Bohr radius

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Compton wavelength

atomic energy levels

Fermi exclusion principle

ionization potential

metals

noble gas

valence electrons

magnetic moment

cross section

geometric cross section

mean free path

Avagadros number

mass density

atomic weight

gm/cm^2^

wave function

partial waves

solid angle

elastic scattering

phase shift

Legendre polynomial

optical theorem

index of refraction

Unitarity

center of mass

inelastic scattering

"shadow" scattering

momentum impulse

nuclear cross section

atomic number

radiation length

Boltzmann constant

photoelectric effect

pair production

## Chpt 2

lifetime

non-destructive

ionization

photomultiplier tubes

Cerenkov

photoelectric effect

time of flight

light pipes

wavelength shifting

Hamiltonian

vector potential

perturbation theory

amplitude

matrix element

Bohr radius

DeBroglie

Compton wavelength

quantum numbers

x-ray

Mosley\'s Law

mean free path

incoherent

pair production

radiation length

Compton scattering

reflection coefficient

angular distribution

dipole

searchlight

transition radiation

valence band

work function

collimation

particle identification

scintillators

fluorescent

fluor

critical angle

photocathode

quantum efficiency

stochastic

inefficiency

transmission

wavelength shifter

vacuum deposited

dynodes

secondary electron emission

gain

rise time

transit time

current source

coaxial cable

threshold voltage

oscilloscope

pulse width

light pipe

information content

Thermal noise

Boltzmann\'s constant

Hermetic

Boolean logic

2 fold AND coincidence

dielectric

discriminator

accidental

time "jitter"

deadtime

Geiger counter

#### Chpt 3

velocity of light

non-destructive

skin depth

plasma frequency

Cerenkov

permeability

Lorentz force

Maxwell\'s equations

dielectric

dimagnetic

wave equation

index of refraction

forward scattering amplitude

conductivity

current density

waveguide

number density

mass density

free propagation

binding energy

transition radiation

plasma

Mach cone

Hugyens wavelets

Cerenkov angle

threshold velocity

energy and momentum conservation

ring imaging

Ring Imaging Cerenkov Counter

particle species

optical dispersion

Energy loss

detection efficiency

coherence length

diffraction

delta function

optical phase difference

threshold

aberration

#### Chpt 4

ionization

dielectric constant

diffraction broadening

sub-threshold

transition radiation

optical path difference

phase difference

geometric path difference

constructive interference

diffraction broadening

refraction

vacuum phase shift

frequency spectrum

search light effect

"image" charge

boundary conditions

saturation

self absorption

attenuation

effective number of foils

multiple samples

## Chpt 5

Coulomb collisions

energy transfer

point-like structure

impact parameter

impulse

momentum impulse

momentum transfer

Rutherford scattering

point-like processes

power law

Feynman diagram

virtual photon

amplitude

perturbation theory

Fourier transform

Born approximation

energy loss

screening

minimum scattering angle

Bohr radius

mean scattering angle

stochastic process

multiple Coulomb scatterings

multiple scattering

radiation length

transverse energy scale

uncorrelated variables

diagonalizing

eigenvectors

energy loss

momentum transfer

grazing

energy transfer

delta rays

ionization continuum

phase coherence

fluctuations

# Chpt 6

fluctuations

critical energy

impact parameter

energy loss

secondary ionization

minimum ionizing particle

ionization

Bragg peak

cancer therapy

particle identification

relativistic rise

range

boundary condition

delta rays

multiple scattering

diffusion

knock on

radius of curvature

rad

sources

end point

Radioactive decay

ionization potential

density effect

relativistic rise

mean energy loss

truncated mean

Landau distribution

Landau tail

straggling

Bremsstrahlung

critical energy

coherent

radiation length

shower

pair production

pair creation

virtual

## Chpt 7

helical trajectory

magnetic fields

beams

electromagnets

solenoid

Amperes law

fixed target

dipole

return yoke

fringe field

lens

bubble chamber

bend

radius of curvature

cyclotron frequency

relativistic motion

superconducting

momentum conservation

transverse momentum impulse

momentum resolution

hadronic cascades

punch through

alignment

systematic errors

fold in quadrature

arc length

bend angle

transverse radius of curvature

loopers

small bend angle approximation

event vertex

quadrupole

collimators

dispersion

gradients

harmonic oscillator

thin lens

angular impulse

focal length

focus

quadrupole doublet

transport matrix

parallel beam

angular acceptance

**Chpt 8**

amplification

anode

redundant

cathode

unity gain

proportional wire chambers

drift velocity

mobility

diffusion

capacitively induced

diffusion

thermal velocity

temperature

thermal energy

mean time between collisions

drift velocity

perturbation

mobility

reduced electric field

saturated

drift chambers

capacity

current pulse

signal charge

induced charge

point" ionization

line ionization

diffusion coefficient

diffusion equation

stochastic

thermal limit

drift distance

drift time

dynamics

electrostatic separation

frictional force

Lorentz angle

diffusion errors

wire chamber

Gauss\' law

multiplication

gas gain

Townsend coefficient

Geiger region

induced voltage

capacity per unit length

rise time

transimpedence amplifier

tension

elongation

chamber instability

cathode signal

surface charge

method of images

image charge

centroid

second coordinate

pad

geometric feature size

tower

#### Chpt 9

heavy quark

decay length

decay vertices

required resolution

impact parameter

pitch

diffusion error

band gap

conduction band

valence band

intrinsic conductivity

charge carriers

holes

conduction band

Boltzmann factor

intrinsic resistivity

doping

shot noise

switch

impurities

mobility

phonon

junction diode

Continuity

charge density

dielectric constant

p-n junction

minority carriers

reverse biased

forward biased

reverse current

depletion

Maxwell's equations plateau

boundary conditions

source capacity fully depleted

transverse diffusion

pulse formation

high speed operation

leakage currents

charge collection time

hole signal

high resistivity detectors

breakdown voltage

time jitter

resolving time

irradiation

delta function

operational amplifier

charge integrator

current source

noise sources

source resistance

output filter

transfer function

dissipative element

stransconductance

thermal noise

thermal energy

white

bandwidth limiting filter

noise power

shot noise

shaping network

shaping time

input noise voltage

equivalent noise charge

shaping time

series noise

parallel noise

equivalent noise voltage

silicon strip detector

front end transistor noise

bipolar transistors

ASIC

## junction FETs

signal to noise

## oscilloscope

## hash

## pulse discrimination

## noise pickup 

## hybrid photodetectors

## 

## Chpt 10

radiation

destructive

shower

Bremmstrahlung

pair production

hadronic

critical energy

Compton scattering

photon scattering

dipole radiation

Thompson scattering

frequency spectrum

radiation length

static solutions

far zone

radiative solution

energy density

power

time averaged

stability of atoms

photon energy flux

angular distribution

cross section

geometric cross section

spherical harmonic

centrifugal potential

boundary conditions

Mie-Debye-Rayleigh Law

form factor

Raleigh scattering

Klein-Nishina cross section

virtual

Compton peak

angular distribution

Lorentz invariant

proper time

rest mass

enhanced radiation

linear acceleration

searchlight effect

frequency spectrum

radiative energy loss

relativistic circular motion

characteristic frequency

synchrotron radiation

synchrotron light

wiggles

pair production

proton radiation

heat load

co-linear photon

collision time

total energy

number of photons emitted

virtual photons

Weissacker-Williams

Feynman diagram

energy spectrum

screened

factorize

virtual photons

coherent

radiative energy loss

radiation length

shield

pigs

pair conversion

run away process

pair production

nuclear cross section

particle identification

#### Chpt 11

calorimetry

detecting medium

transverse fluctuations uniformity

active sampling

stochastic term

electromagnetic showers

destructive detection

redundancy

Bremsstrahlung

radiation length

particle identification

critical energy

ionization

cascade

electron-positron pair

depth

geometric

multiplying

shower maximum

cloud chamber

fluctuations

fractional energy

generations

fluctuation in the interaction point

relativistic transformation

isotropic decay

multiplication

linear device

shower containment

total path length

random process

impurity level

stochastic term

longitudinal energy distribution

shower development

shower parameterization

normalize

Moliere radius

range of an electron

energy resolution

sampling calorimeter

active sampling layers

stochastic coefficient

fluctuations in the sampling

fully active

path length increase

fine sampling

multiple scattering

lead glass

scintillator

homogeneous

transparent

thallium activated

uniformity

one-dimensional

delta rays

ionization fluctuations

track length fluctuations

energy calibration

muons

beam

test beams

energy centroid

#### Chpt 13

#### 

####  electroweak

general purpose

time of flight

order of magnitude

redundant measurements

rare processes

jets

## elementary particles

fermions

leptons

, neutrinos

quarks

gluons

calorimeter

collimated

"missing" energy

back to back

lego plot

ionization tracking

decay vertices

silicon detectors

heavy quarks

identify muons

towers

interaction point

longitudinal segmentation

dijet

magnetized return yoke

## Appendix A 

center of momentum

special relativity

##### Lorentz transformation

scattering angle

angular distribution

S wave

solid angle

isotropic decay

Compton scattering

Neutron

Threshold

# Appendix B

Schroedinger equation

Operators

wave function

spherical harmonic

central potential

centrifugal potential

*S* wave

radial quantum number n

deBroglie wavelength

ground state

ionization continuum

phase shift

angular momentum

scattering amplitude

partial waves

elastic cross section

geometric cross section

index of refraction

energy eigenstates

reflection

boundary conditions

reflection coefficient

coaxial cable

impedance

## Appendix C

photoelectric effect

transition rate

perturbation

Hamiltonian

matrix element

vector potential

probability density

energy conservation

form factor

angular distribution

### Thompson scattering

flux normalization

## Appendix D

transmission line

Coaxial cable

impedance of free space

termination

skin depth

capacity

inductance

cable losses

resistivity

cable loss

rise time

## Appendix E 

Lienard-Wiechert

static solutions

retarded time

virtual present position

electric dipole

Larmour

dimensionless substitution

Lorentz invariant

Fourier transform

index of refraction

radiated power

## Appendix F

Lorentz force

arc length

radius of curvature

particle trajectory

harmonic motion

complete set

initial conditions

solenoid

numerical recipes

**Appendix G**

boundary conditions

photoelectrons

photocathode

## Appendix H

silicon diode

point ionization

depletion

charge collection time

trajectory

charge carriers

holes

drift time

time constants

Energy conservation

charge induced

hole current

holes and electrons

ionization detector

ionization chamber

over depleted

## Appendix I

front end noise

operational amplifier

feedback

gain

non-inverting amplifier

buffer-follower

unity gain buffer

inverting amplifiers

adders

Integrator.

Differentiato

current sources

transimpedance amplifier

charge sensitive preamp

threshold

discriminator

coincidence

common mode rejection

#### Appendix J

Statistics

Quadrature

stochastic error

mean

mean square deviation

distribution function

probability

Gaussian

root mean square

normalize

Poisson

mean free path

decay lifetime

joint probabilities

sample mean

likelihood function

least squares

weighted mean

estimate for the error

goodness of fit

significance

least squares fit

error matrix

##### Propagation of errors

#### Appendix K

dynamical variables

Monte Carlo

random number generator

Compton scattering

Rutherford scattering

Lifetimes

free path

Lorentzian

full width

uncertainty

error function

angular distributions

rejection

weight