CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 06100

[ROUGH CARPENTRY]{.underline}

Page

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 Summary [2](#summary)

1.02 References [2](#references)

1.03 Submittals [3](#submittals)

1.04 Quality Assurance [4](#quality-assurance)

1.05 Delivery, Storage, And Handling [4](#delivery-storage-and-handling)

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Lumber, General [5](#lumber-general)

2.02 Wood-Preservative-Treated Materials
[6](#wood-preservative-treated-materials)

2.03 Fire-Retardant-Treated Materials
[6](#fire-retardant-treated-materials)

2.04 Dimension Lumber [7](#dimension-lumber)

2.05 Miscellaneous Lumber [8](#miscellaneous-lumber)

2.06 Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels, General
[8](#wood-based-structural-use-panels-general)

2.07 Concealed, Performance-Rated Structural-Use Panels
[8](#concealed-performance-rated-structural-use-panels)

2.08 Structural-Use Panels For Backing
[9](#structural-use-panels-for-backing)

2.09 Structural-Use Panels For Underlayment
[9](#structural-use-panels-for-underlayment)

2.10 Particleboard [10](#particleboard)

2.11 Fasteners [10](#fasteners)

2.12 Metal Framing Anchors [10](#metal-framing-anchors)

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Installation, General [11](#installation-general)

3.02 Wood Grounds, Nailers, Blocking, And Sleepers
[11](#wood-grounds-nailers-blocking-and-sleepers)

3.03 Wood Furring [11](#wood-furring)

3.04 Wood Framing, General [11](#wood-framing-general)

3.05 Floor Joist Framing [13](#__RefHeading___Toc26759157)

3.06 Rafter And Ceiling Joist Framing
[13](#rafter-and-ceiling-joist-framing)

3.07 Stair Framing [14](#stair-framing)

3.08 Installation Of Structural-Use Panels
[14](#installation-of-structural-use-panels)

3.09 Particleboard Underlayment [15](#__RefHeading___Toc26759161)

CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 06100

[ROUGH CARPENTRY]{.underline}

# PART 1 - GENERAL

## 1.01 SUMMARY

This Section includes the following :

A. Framing with dimension lumber.

B. Wood furring, grounds, nailers, and blocking.

C. Sheathing.

D. Subflooring.

E. Underlayment.

F. Rooftop equipment bases and support curbs.

G. Fasteners and metal framing anchors.

## 1.02 REFERENCES

A. American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA)

Manual for Wood Frame Construction

B. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

A208.1 Mat-Formed Manufactured Panels

C. Engineered Wood Association

Form E30 Engineered Wood Design/Construction Guide

D. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws - Inch Series

B18.6.1 Wood Screws (Inch Series)

E. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

A153 Specification for Zinc -Coating (Hot-Dip of Iron and Steel
Hardware)

A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI Tensile
Strength

A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts

A653 Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or
Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process

D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable
Properties for Visually Graded Lumber

D2555 Test Method for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values

F. American Wood Preservers Association (AWPA)

C2 Lumber, Pressure Treatment

C9 Plywood, Pressure Treatment

C20 Structural Lumber, Fire-Retardant Pressure Treatment

C27 Plywood, Fire-Retardant Pressure Treatment

M4 Standard for the Care of Preservative-Treated Wood Products

G. Federal Specification (FS)

FF-N-105B Nails, Brads, Staples and Spikes: Wire, Cut and Wrought

H. International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO)

International Building Code (IBC) Chapter 23 Wood

I. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and
Technology

PS 1 US Product Standard for Construction and Industrial Plywood

PS 2 Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels

PS 20 American Softwood Lumber Standard (ASLS)

## 1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. General: Submit the following in accordance with the conditions of
Contract and Section 01330, "Submittal Procedures."

B. Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data for each distinct
product specified.

C. Material certificates for dimension lumber specified to comply with
minimum allowable unit stresses. Indicate species and grade selected for
each use, and design values approved by American Lumber Standards
Committee's (ALSC) Board of Review.

D. Wood treatment data as follows, including chemical treatment
manufacturer's warranty and instructions for handling, storing,
installing, and finishing treated materials:

1\. For each type of preservative-treated wood product, include
certification by treating plant stating type of preservative solution
and pressure process used, net amount of preservative retained, and
compliance with applicable standards.

2\. For waterborne-treated products, include statement that moisture
content of treated materials was reduced to levels indicated before
shipment to Project site.

3\. For fire-retardant-treated wood products, include certification by
treating plant that treated materials comply with specified standard and
other requirements as well as data relative to bending strength,
stiffness, and fastener-holding capacities of treated materials.

E. LEED Submittals

1\. Credit EQ 4.1: Manufacturers' product data for construction
adhesive, including

printed statement of VOC content.

2\. Credit EQ 4.4: composite wood manufacturer's product date for each
composite

wood product used indication that bonding agent used contains no urea

formaldehyde.

3\. Credit MR 7: Certificates of chain-of-custody signed by
manufacturers

certifying that products specified to be made from certified wood were
made

from wood obtained from forests certified by an FSC-accredited
certification body

to comply with FSC 1.2, "Principles and Criteria". Include evidence that
mill is

certified for chain-of-custody by an FSC-accredited certification body.

## 1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Single-Source Responsibility for Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood: Obtain
each type of fire-retardant-treated wood product from one source and by
single producer.

## 1.05 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Deliver wood products bundled or crated to provide adequate
protection during transit and job storage, with required grade marks
clearly identifiable. Inspect wood products for damage upon delivery.
Remove and replace damaged materials.

B. Keep materials under cover and dry. Protect from weather and contact
with damp or wet surfaces. Stack lumber, plywood, and other panels.
Provide for air circulation within and around stacks, and under
temporary coverings.

For lumber and plywood pressure treated with waterborne chemicals, place
spacers between each bundle to provide air circulation.

C. Protect sheet materials during handling to prevent breaking of
corners and damage to surfaces.

# PART 2 - PRODUCTS

## 2.01 LUMBER, GENERAL

A. Lumber Standards: Comply with PS 20-99, "American Softwood Lumber
Standard," and with applicable grading rules of inspection agencies
certified by ALSC's Board of Review. Lumber design values are to comply
with ASTM D245 and ASTM D2555.

B. Inspection Agencies: Inspection agencies, and their grading rules
include the following:

1\. Northeastern Lumber Manufactures Association (NELMA)

Standard Grading Rules

2\. National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA)(Canadian)

Standard Grading Rules

3\. Redwood Inspection Service (RIS)

Standard Specifications for Grades of California Redwood Lumber

4\. Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB)

Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber

5\. West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLIB)

No. 17 Standard Grading Rules for West Coast Lumber

6\. Western Wood Products Association (WWPA)

Western Lumber Grading Rules

C. Grade Stamps: Provide lumber with each piece factory marked with
grade stamp of inspection agency evidencing compliance with grading rule
requirements and identifying grading agency, grade, species, moisture
content at time of surfacing, and mill.

For exposed lumber, furnish pieces with grade stamps applied to ends or
back of each piece, or omit grade stamps and provide grade-compliance
certificates issued by inspection agency.

D. Where nominal sizes are indicated, provide actual sizes required by
PS 20-99 for moisture content specified. Where actual sizes are
indicated, they are minimum dressed sizes for dry lumber.

1\. Provide dressed lumber, surfaced four sides (S4S), unless otherwise
indicated.

2\. Provide dry lumber with 19 percent maximum moisture content at time
of dressing for 2-inch nominal (38 mm actual) thickness or less, unless
otherwise indicated.

## 2.02 WOOD-PRESERVATIVE-TREATED MATERIALS

A. General: Where lumber or plywood is indicated as preservative treated
or is specified to be treated, comply with applicable requirements of
AWPA C2 (lumber) and AWPA C9 (plywood). Mark each treated item with
Quality Mark Requirements of inspection agency approved by ALSC's Board
of Review.

For exposed items indicated to receive stained finish, use chemical
formulations that do not bleed through, contain colorants, or otherwise
adversely affect finishes.

B. Pressure treat aboveground items with waterborne preservatives to
minimum retention of 0.25 lb/cu. ft. (4.0 kg/cu. m.). After treatment,
kiln-dry lumber and plywood to maximum moisture content of 19 and 15
percent, respectively. Treat indicated items and the following:

1\. Wood cants, nailers, curbs, equipment support bases, blocking,
stripping, and similar members in connection with roofing, flashing,
vapor barriers, and waterproofing.

2\. Wood sills, sleepers, blocking, furring, stripping, and similar
concealed members in contact with masonry or concrete.

3\. Wood framing members less than 18 inches (460 mm) above grade.

4\. Wood floor plates installed over concrete slabs directly in contact
with earth.

C. Pressure treat wood members in contact with ground or freshwater with
waterborne preservatives to minimum retention of 0.40 lb/cu. ft. (6.4
kg/cu. m.).

D. Complete fabrication of treated items before treatment, where
possible. If cut after treatment, apply field treatment complying with
AWPA M4 to cut surfaces. Inspect each piece of lumber or plywood after
drying and discard damaged or defective pieces.

## 2.03 FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED MATERIALS

A. General: Where fire-retardant-treated wood is indicated, comply with
applicable requirements of AWPA C20 (lumber) and AWPA C27 (plywood).
Identify fire-retardant-treated wood with appropriate classification
marking of Underwriter Laboratory (UL), U.S. Testing, or Timber Products
Inspection, Inc.

B. Interior Type A: For interior locations, use chemical formulation
that produces treated lumber and plywood with the following properties
under conditions present after installation:

1\. Bending strength, stiffness, and fastener-holding capacities are not
reduced below values published by manufacturer of chemical formulation
under elevated temperature and humidity conditions simulating installed
conditions when tested.

2\. No form of degradation occurs due to acid hydrolysis or other causes
related to treatment.

3\. Contact with treated wood does not promote corrosion of metal
fasteners.

C. Exterior Type: Use for exterior locations, and where indicated.

D. Inspect each piece of treated lumber of plywood after drying, and
discard damaged or defective pieces.

## 2.04 DIMENSION LUMBER

A. General: If not indicated on Contract documents, provide dimension
lumber of any species and grades indicated for applicable use category
listed in table below. Lumber shall comply with ALSC National Grading
Rule (NGR) provisions of inspection agency applicable to species.

+-----------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| PRODUCT               | GRADE           | USE                       |
|                       |                 |                           |
| (Nominal Dimension)   |                 |                           |
+-----------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| Structural Light      | Select          | Structural applications   |
| Framing               | Structural      | where highest design      |
|                       |                 | values are needed in      |
| 2 to 4 inches thick   | No. 1           | light framing sizes.      |
|                       |                 |                           |
| 2 to 4 inches wide    | No. 2           |                           |
|                       |                 |                           |
|                       | No. 3           |                           |
+-----------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| Light Framing         | Construction    | Where high-strength       |
|                       | Standard        | values are not required,  |
| 2 to 4 inches thick   |                 | such as wall framing,     |
|                       | Utility         | plates, sills, cripples,  |
| 2 to 4 inches wide    |                 | and blocking.             |
+-----------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| Stud                  | Stud            | Optional all-purpose      |
|                       |                 | grade designed primarily  |
| 2 to 4 inches thick   |                 | for stud uses, including  |
|                       |                 | bearing walls.            |
| 2 inches and wider    |                 |                           |
+-----------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+
| Structural Joists and | Select          | Intended to fit           |
| Planks                | Structural      | engineering applications  |
|                       |                 | for lumber nominal 5      |
| 2 to 4 inches thick   | No. 1           | inches and wider, such as |
|                       |                 | joists, rafters, headers, |
| 5 inches and wider    | No. 2           | beams, trusses, and       |
|                       |                 | general framing.          |
|                       | No. 3           |                           |
+-----------------------+-----------------+---------------------------+

B. Species and grades must meet or exceed the following values, unless
indicated otherwise on Contract documents.

1\. F~b~ (extreme fiber stress in bending): Minimum 850 psi (5.9 MPa).

2\. E (modulus of elasticity): Minimum 1,300,000 psi (8950 MPa).

C. Exposed Framing: Refers to dimension lumber which is not concealed by
other work, and is indicated to receive stained, painted, or natural
finish.

Provide material hand-selected from lumber of species and grade
indicated for type of use, for uniformity of appearance, and freedom
from characteristics that would impair finish appearance.

## 2.05 MISCELLANEOUS LUMBER

A. General: Provide lumber for support or attachment of other
construction, including rooftop equipment curbs and support bases, cant
strips, bucks, nailers, blocking, furring, grounds, stripping, and
similar members.

B. Fabricate miscellaneous lumber from dimension lumber of sizes
indicated, and into shapes shown on Contract documents.

C. Moisture Content: 19 percent maximum for lumber items not specified
to receive wood preservative treatment.

D. Grade and Species: For dimension lumber sizes, provide No. 3 or
Standard grade lumber per ALSC's NGRs of any species. For board-size
lumber, provide No. 3 Common or Standard grade per WWPA of any species.

## 2.06 WOOD-BASED STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS, GENERAL

A. Structural-Use Panel Standards: Panel thickness, grade, veneer
qualities and group number or span rating, shall be as shown on
Drawings, and in accordance with recommendations of APA. Comply with PS
1 for plywood panels, and PS 2 for products not manufactured under PS 1
provisions.

1\. Panels which have any edge or surface permanently exposed to weather
shall be classed Exterior Grade.

2\. Panel thickness, grade, and group number or span rating shall be at
least equal to that shown on Drawings.

3\. Application shall be in accordance with recommendations of APA.

B. Trademark: Factory-mark each structural-use panel with APA trademark
evidencing compliance with grade requirements.

## 2.07 CONCEALED, PERFORMANCE-RATED STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS

A. General: Where structural-use panels are indicated for concealed
types of applications, provide APA performance rated panels complying
with requirements indicated for grade designation, span rating, exposure
durability classification, and edge detail (where applicable).

1\. Provide panel clips for edge support as recommended by panel
manufacturer, or where required by IBC.

2\. Provide panels of thickness meeting requirements specified, but not
less than thickness indicated.

B. Combination Subfloor-Underlayment: APA- rated Sturd-I-Floor.

1\. Exposure Durability Classification: Exposure 1.

2\. Span Rating: As required to suit joist spacing indicated.

3\. Edge Detail: Tongue and groove.

4\. Surface Finish: Fully sanded face.

C. Subflooring: APA-rated sheathing.

1\. Exposure Durability Classification: Exposure 1.

2\. Span Rating: As required to suit joist spacing indicated.

D. Wall Sheathing: APA-rated sheathing.

1\. Exposure Durability Classification: Exposure 1. Where sheathing is
exposed on any side, it shall be Exposure Durability Classification
"Exterior."

2\. Span Rating: As required to suit stud spacing indicated.

E. Roof Sheathing: APA-rated sheathing.

1\. Exposure Durability Classification: Exposure 1.

2\. Span Rating: As required to suit joist or truss spacing indicated.

## 2.08 STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS FOR BACKING

Plywood Backing Panels: For mounting electrical or telephone equipment,
provide fire-retardant-treated plywood panels with grade C-D plugged
Exposure 1, in thickness indicated on Contract documents or, if not
otherwise indicated, not less than 15/32 inch (11.9 mm) thick.

## 2.09 STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS FOR UNDERLAYMENT

A. General: Over smooth subfloors, provide underlayment not less than
1/4 inch (6.4 mm) thick. Over board or uneven subfloors, provide
underlayment not less than 11/32 inch (8.7 mm) thick.

B. Plywood Underlayment for Resilient Flooring: For underlayment under
19/32 inch (15.1 mm) thick, provide plywood panels with fully sanded
face, APA Underlayment grade, Exposure 1.

C. Structural-Use Panel Underlayment for Resilient Flooring: For
underlayment 19/32 inch (15.1 mm) thick or more, provide fully sanded,
veneer-faced, APA-rated, Sturd-I-Floor panels, Exposure 1.

D. Plywood Underlayment for Ceramic Tile: Provide APA-rated,
Underlayment grade, exterior plywood, 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) thick, for
ceramic tile set in epoxy mortar.

E. Plywood Underlayment for Carpet: For underlayment under 19/32 inch
(15.1 mm) thick, provide plywood panels with fully sanded face, APA
Underlayment grade, Exposure 1.

F. Structural-Use Panel Underlayment for Carpet: For underlayment 19/32
inch (15.1 mm) thick or more, provide APA-rated Sturd-I-Floor panels
with touch-sanded face, Exposure 1.

## 2.10 PARTICLEBOARD

A. General: Comply with and factory mark each panel according to ANSI
A208.1. Provide thickness indicated on Contract documents.

B. Particleboard Underlayment: Grade PBU.

C. Particleboard Subflooring: Grade M-3-Exterior Glue.

D. Particleboard Wall Sheathing: Grade M-1-Exterior Glue.

## 2.11 FASTENERS

A. General: Provide fasteners of size and type indicated, that comply
with requirements specified.

Where rough carpentry work is exposed to weather, in ground contact, or
in areas of high relative humidity, provide fasteners with hot-dip,
zinc-coating per ASTM A153

B. Nails, Wire, Brads, and Staples: ASTM F1667

C. Wood Screws: ASME B18.6.1.

D. Lag Bolts: ASME B18.2.1.

E. Bolts: Steel bolts complying with ASTM A307, Grade A with ASTM A563
hex nuts and, where indicated, flat washers.

## 2.12 METAL FRAMING ANCHORS

A. General: Provide galvanized steel framing anchors of structural
capacity, type, and size indicated, with allowable design loads as
published by manufacturer, that meet or exceed those indicated.

B. Galvanized Steel Sheet: Hot-dip, zinc-coated steel sheet complying
with ASTM A653, G60 coating designation; structural, commercial, or
lock-forming quality, as standard with manufacturer for type of anchor
indicated.

# PART 3 - EXECUTION

## 3.01 INSTALLATION, GENERAL

A. Discard units of material with defects that impair quality of rough
carpentry and that are too small to use with minimum number of joints or
optimum joint arrangement.

B. Set rough carpentry to required levels and lines, with members plumb,
true to line, cut, and fitted.

C. Fit rough carpentry to other construction; scribe and cope as
required for accurate fit. Correlate location of furring, nailers,
blocking, grounds, and similar supports to allow attachment of other
construction.

D. Apply field treatment complying with AWPA M4 to cut surfaces of
preservative-treated lumber and plywood.

E. Securely attach rough carpentry work to substrate by anchoring and
fastening as indicated, complying with IBC Table 2304.9.1 Fastening
Schedule.

## 3.02 WOOD GROUNDS, NAILERS, BLOCKING, AND SLEEPERS

A. Install wood grounds, nailers, blocking, and sleepers where shown,
and where required for screeding or attaching other work. Form to shapes
shown and cut as required for true line and level of attached work.
Coordinate locations with other work involved.

B. Attach to substrates to support applied loading. Recess bolts and
nuts flush with surfaces, unless otherwise indicated. Build into masonry
during installation of masonry work. Where possible, anchor to formwork
before concrete placement.

C. Install permanent grounds of dressed, preservative-treated,
key-beveled lumber not less than 1-1/2 inches (38.1 mm) wide, and of
thickness required to bring face of ground to exact thickness of finish
material. Remove temporary grounds when no longer required.

## 3.03 WOOD FURRING

A. Install plumb and level with closure strips at edges and openings.
Shim with wood as required for tolerance of finish work.

B. Firestop furred spaces of walls at each floor level, and at ceiling
with wood blocking or noncombustible materials, accurately fitted to
close furred spaces.

## 3.04 WOOD FRAMING, GENERAL

A. Framing Standard: Comply with AFPA's "Manual for Wood Frame
Construction," unless otherwise indicated.

B. Install framing members of size and at spacing indicated.

C. Do not splice structural members between supports.

D. Firestop concealed spaces of wood-framed walls and partitions at each
floor level and at ceiling line of top story. Where firestopping is not
inherent in framing system used, provide closely fitted wood blocks of
2-inch nominal (38 mm actual) thickness lumber of same width as framing
members.

E. Arrange studs so that wide face of stud is perpendicular to direction
of wall or partition and narrow face is parallel.

1\. Provide single bottom plate and double top plates using members of
2-inch nominal (38 mm actual) thickness whose widths equal that of
studs; except single top plate may be used for non-load-bearing
partitions. Nail or anchor plates to supporting construction, unless
otherwise indicated.

2\. For exterior walls, provide 2 by 6-inch nominal (38 by 140 mm
actual) size wood studs spaced 24 inches (610 mm) o.c., except where
otherwise indicated or required.

3\. For interior partitions and walls, provide 2 by 4-inch nominal (38
by 89 mm actual) size wood studs spaced 16 inches (406 mm) o.c., except
where otherwise indicated or required.

F. Construct corners and intersections with three (3) or more studs.
Provide miscellaneous blocking and framing as shown, and as required to
support facing materials, fixtures, specialty items, and trim.

Provide continuous horizontal blocking at midheight of single-story
partitions over 96 inches (2.4 m) high and multistory partitions, using
members of 2-inch nominal (38 mm actual) thickness and of same width as
wall or partitions.

G. Frame openings with multiple studs and headers. Provide nailed header
members of thickness equal to width of studs. Set headers on edge and
support on jamb studs.

1\. For non-load-bearing partitions, provide double-jamb studs with
headers not less than 4-inch nominal (89 mm actual) depth for openings
36 inches (914 mm) and less in width, and not less than 6-inch nominal
(140 mm actual) depth for wider openings.

2\. For load-bearing walls, provide double-jamb studs for openings 72
inches (1.8 m) and less in width, and triple-jamb studs for wider
openings. Provide headers of depth shown as indicated on Contract
documents.

H. Provide bracing in exterior walls and at interior load-bearing walls
(that are not more than 25 feet (7.6 m) from other parallel braced
walls) at each end and at not more than 25 feet (7.6 m) apart, to comply
with IBC Section 2308.9.3 "Bracing" and IBC Table 2308.9.3(I).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc26759157 .anchor}3.05 FLOOR JOIST FRAMING

A. General: Install floor joists with crown edge up and support ends of
each member with not less than 1-1/2 inches (38.1 mm) of bearing on wood
or metal, or 3 inches (76 mm) on masonry. Attach floor joists as
follows:

1\. Where supported on wood members, by toe nailing or by using metal
framing anchors.

2\. Where framed into wood supporting members, by using wood ledgers as
shown or, if not shown, by using metal joist hangers.

B. Frame openings with headers and trimmers supported by metal joist
hangers; double headers and trimmers where span of header exceeds 48
inches (1.2 m).

C. Do not notch in middle third of joists; limit notches to 1/6 depth of
joist, 1/3 at ends. Do not bore holes larger than 1/3 depth of joist; do
not locate closer than 2 inches (51 mm) from top or bottom.

D. Provide solid blocking of 2-inch nominal (38 mm actual) thickness by
depth of joist at ends of joists unless nailed to header or band.

E. Lap members framing from opposite sides of beams, girders, or
partitions not less than 4 inches (102 mm) or securely tie opposing
members together. Provide solid blocking of 2-inch nominal (38 mm
actual) thickness by depth of joist over supports.

F. Under jamb studs at openings, provide solid blocking between joists.

G. Under non-load-bearing partitions, provide double joists separated by
solid blocking equal to depth of studs above.

Provide triple joists separated as above, under partitions receiving
ceramic tile and similar heavy finishes or fixtures.

H. Provide bridging of type indicated below, at intervals of 96 inches
(2.4 m) o.c., between joists.

1\. Form diagonal wood bridging from bevel cut 1 by 3-inch nominal (19
by 64 mm actual) size lumber, double-crossed and nailed both ends to
joists.

2\. Install steel bridging to comply with manufacturer's written
instructions.

## 3.06 RAFTER AND CEILING JOIST FRAMING

A. Ceiling Joists: Install ceiling joists with crown edge up and
complying with requirements specified above for floor joists. Face nail
to ends of parallel rafters.

B. Rafters: Notch to fit exterior wall plates and toe nail or use metal
framing anchors. Double rafters to form headers and trimmers at openings
in roof framing, if any, and support with metal hangers. Where rafters
abut at ridge, place directly opposite each other and nail to ridge
member or use metal ridge hangers.

C. Provide collar beams (ties) as shown or, if not shown, provide 1 by
6-inch nominal (19 by 140 mm actual) size boards between every third
pair of rafters, but not more than 48 inches (1219 mm) o.c. Locate below
ridge member, at third point of rafter span. Cut ends to fit roof slope
and nail to rafters.

D. Rafter Ties: Tie straps shall be provided from each roof framing
member to exterior studs, posts or other supporting members below the
roof. Opposing rafters at ridges shall be aligned and connected with
straps.

## 3.07 STAIR FRAMING

A. Provide stair framing members of size, space, and configuration
indicated or, if not otherwise indicated, to comply with the following
requirements:

1\. Stringer Size: 2 by 12-inch nominal (38 by 286 mm actual) size
minimum.

2\. Notching: Notch stringers to receive treads, risers, and supports;
leave at least 3-1/2 inches (89 mm) of effective depth.

3\. Stringer Spacing: At least three (3) stringers for each 36-inch (914
mm) clear width of stair.

B. Provide stair framing that does not exceed the following variations
between treads and risers within each flight:

1\. Adjacent Treads and Risers: 3/16 inch (4.76 mm).

2\. Between Largest and Smallest Treads and Risers: 3/8 inch (9.53 mm).

## 3.08 INSTALLATION OF STRUCTURAL-USE PANELS

A. General: Comply with applicable recommendations contained in APA Form
No. E30, for types of structural-use panels and applications indicated.

B. Fastening Methods: Fasten panels as indicated below:

1\. Combination Subflooring-Underlayment: Glue subflooring and
underlayment to floor joists, and screw to joists. Space panels 1/8 inch
(3.18 mm) at edges and ends.

2\. Subflooring: Glue subflooring to floor joists, and screw to joists.
Space panels 1/8 inch (3.18 m) at edge and ends.

3\. Sheathing: Nail to framing. Space panels 1/8 inch (3.18 mm) at edges
and ends.

4\. Underlayment: Nail to subflooring. Space panels 1/32 inch (0.8 mm)
at edges and ends.

5\. Plywood Backing Panels: Nail or screw to supports.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc26759161 .anchor}3.09 PARTICLEBOARD UNDERLAYMENT

Install to comply with the recommendations of the National Particleboard
Association (NPA) for type of subfloor indicated.

A. Fill and sand gouges, gaps, and chipped edges. Sand uneven joints
flush.

B. Glue and nail underlayment to subflooring throughout.

END OF SECTION