CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME AND ADDRESS Lee J. Helman, M.D.

Chief, Pediatric Oncology Branch, and

Acting Scientific Director for Clinical Sciences,

> Center for Cancer Research

National Cancer Institute,

National Institutes of Health

Building 31 Room 3A11

31 Center Drive MSC 2440

Bethesda MD 20892-2440

phone: 301 496 4257

fax: 301 480 4318

e-mail: helmanl@nih.gov

DATE & PLACE OF BIRTH July 9, 1952, Washington, D.C.

CITIZENSHIP United States

MARITAL STATUS Married, two children

EDUCATION

1976 BA with distinction

George Washington University

Washington, D.C.

1980 MD Magna Cum Laude

University of Maryland School of Medicine

Baltimore, Maryland

SPECIALTY BOARD CERTIFICATION

Internal Medicine 1983 certificate \# 90797

Medical Oncology 1985 certificate \# 90797

POSITIONS HELD

2005-present Acting Chief, Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Research,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

2005-present Acting Scientific Director for Clinical Sciences, Center
for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD

POSITIONS HELD (cont.)

2001-2005 Deputy Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

1997-present Chief, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

1999-present Professor of Pediatrics, Part-Time, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore Maryland

1999-present Professor of Oncology, Part-Time, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore Maryland

1996-1997 Acting Chief, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

1995-1996 Acting Deputy Chief, Pediatric Branch, National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

1993-present Head, Molecular Oncology Section, Pediatric Oncology
Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD

1994-1998 Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services of the
Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD

1990-1992 Medical Officer, Molecular Genetics Section, Pediatric Branch,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

1987-1990 Senior Staff Fellow, Molecular Genetics Section, Pediatric
Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD

1986-1987 Biotechnology Fellow, Molecular Genetics Section, Pediatric
Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD

1984-1986 Medical Staff Fellow, Molecular Genetics Section, Pediatric
Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD

1983-1984 Medical Staff Fellow, Pediatric Branch and Medicine Branch,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

POSITIONS HELD (cont.)

1982-1983 Senior Assistant Resident in Internal Medicine, Barnes
Hospital, St. Louis, MO

7/82-12/82 Chief Resident, Washington University Medical Service, St.
Louis Veterans Administration Medical Center, St. Louis, MO

1981-1982 Junior Assistant Resident in Internal Medicine, Barnes
Hospital, St. Louis, MO

1980-1981 Internship in Internal Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis,
MO

STATE LICENSURE Maryland (#D25357, 1980) exp. 09/30/08

SOCIETIES

American Association of Cancer Research, Member

--- Clinical Pharmacology/Modality-based Clinical Research Section,
Clinical Research Subcommittee, 2001 Program Committee, 2001

--- Pediatric Cancers-Basic Science to the Clinic Section of the
Clinical Research Subcommittee, 2003 Program Committee

-   Pediatric Oncology Task Force, 2003-present

-   Subsection Committee Member, 2004 Program Committee

-   Pediatric Cancer-Basic Science Section, Cellular, Molecular and
    Tumor Biology Subcommittee; Pediatric Cancer-Clinical Investigations
    Section, Clinical Research Subcommittee, 2004 Program Committee

-   Grants Committee, 2004-2006

-   Pediatric Cancers-Basic Science and Pediatric Cancer-Clinical
    Investigations Sections, 2005 Program Committee

American Society of Clinical Oncology, Member

--- Program Committee 1990

--- Board of Directors (Specialty Other Than Medical
Oncology/Hematology), 2003-2006

--- Audit Committee, 2003-2006, Chair 2004-2006

-   2004, 2005 International Travel Grants Mentorship Program

-   Cancer Communications Committee 2004-2006

-   Board Liaison to Committee and Task Forces 2004-2006

-   Governance Task Force 2005

-   Bylaws Committee 2006

American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Member

Connective Tissue Oncology Society

--- Founding Member 1995

--- Board of Directors 1996-1998

-   Treasurer 1998-1999; Secretary 1999-2000; Vice President 2000-2001,
    President 2001-2002, Immediate Past President 2002-2003

-   

NATIONAL SERVICE

Cancer Research Foundation of America Grant Reviewer, 1990

Israel Science Foundation Grant Reviewer, 1993

Dutch Cancer Society Grant Reviewer, 1994

American Cancer Society Grant Reviewer

International Human Frontier Science Program Grant Reviewer, 1995

U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Breast Cancer Research
Program-Endocrinology 3 Study Section, 1996

National Cancer Institute of Canada --- Program Project Review, 1996

Children's Cancer Foundation --- Medical Advisory Board, 1996-present;
Chairman, 2000-present; Grant Review Panel Chairman, 2000-present

Children's Inn at NIH --- Board of Directors & Clinical Advisor,
1997-present; Secretary. Board of Directors, 2004-2005

Dept. of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System Grant
Reviewer, 1997

Israel Cancer Research Fund - Scientific Review Panel, 1997-1999

Association for International Cancer Research Grant Reviewer, 1998

US Israel Bi-National Science Foundation Grant Reviewer, 1998

Ohio Cancer Research Associates Grant Reviewer, 1999

Israel Cancer Research Fund Scientific Advisory Board, 1999-present

Candlelighters Ad Hoc Grant Reviewer, 1999, 2000

Children's Oncology Group Ewing's Biology Committee, 2000-present, Bone
Sarcoma Disease Committee, 2001-present, Scientific Advisory Committee,
2001-present

American Joint Committee on Cancer Bone Task Force, 2000-present

Canadian Institutes of Health Research Grant Reviewer, 2000

Scientific Review Board, Cancer Research Foundation of America's Hope
Street Kids, 2000-present

International Consortium for CURE of Childhood Cancer in China, National
Cancer Institute Representative and Senior Consultant, 2000-present

Scientific Advisory Board, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna,
Austria, 2001-present

Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Advisory Committee for the Lab Research
Training in Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Training Grant, 2001-present

Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant Reviewer, 2001-present

Sarcoma Foundation of America Medical Advisory Board, 2002-present

National Cancer Institute of Canada Review Team for Program Project
Applications, 2002

NATIONAL SERVICE (cont.)

Ireland-Northern Ireland-National Cancer Institute Cancer Consortium,
Implementation Group Member, 2003-present

European Commission's 6^th^ Framework Programme for Research and
Demonstration Activities, Major Diseases Unit for Cancer-Evaluation of
European Projects on Cancer Research, 2005

Coaches Curing Kids' Cancer, Co-Chair Medical Advisory Board, 2005 to
present

MD Anderson Cancer Center, External Advisory Board for the Department of
Sarcoma Medical Oncology, 2006

NIH SERVICE

Ad Hoc Review Committee --- Programs of Excellence in Endocrinology,
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1990

Ad Hoc Review Committee --- Endocrine Aspects of Human Neoplasia,
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1990

Institutional Review Board Panel, 1995-1997

Non-Melanoma Vaccine Working Group Steering Committee, NCI 1998-present

NCI/Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center Committee,
1998-present

NCI Intramural Advisory Board, NIH, 1998-2002; Vice Chairman, 2000,
Chairman, 2001, 2002; NCI Intramural Working Group Co-Chair, 2000, 2001

Pediatric Care Committee, Clinical Center, NIH, 1998-present

Office of Research Services Advisory Committee, NIH, 1998-2002

White Ribbon NCI Ethics Panel, 1999-present

Physician Data Query, NCI, Reviewer of Clinical Trial Protocols,
1999-present

NIH Clinical Research Training Program Tutor/Mentor, 2000-present

NIH SERVICE (cont.)

NIH Clinical Center Review Team Bench-to-Bedside Awards, 2001, 2002,
2003, 2004, 2005

NCI Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Faculty Steering
Committee, 2001-2005

NCI Metastasis Working Group Steering Committee 2003-present

NCI Title 42 Standing Committee, 2002-present

NCI Intramural Clinical Trials Committee, 2002-present

NCI Sarcoma Progress Review Group, Executive Director, 2003-present

Board of Governors, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, NIH,
2003-2008 (Restructured and Renamed Advisory Board for Clinical Research
in 2004)

Member, Careers in Clinical Research Committee, Advisory Board for
Clinical Research 2003-present, Chair, 2003-2006

NCI Roundtable Meeting of the Translational Research Working Group, 2006

Clinical Trials Operations Committee, 2006

EDITORIAL BOARDS

Consulting Editor, *SARCOMA* - A multidisciplinary Journal (through
2005)

Associate Editor, Cancer Research, 2000-2006

Associate Editor, Clinical Cancer Research 2002-present

Editorial Board, Clinical Proteomics, 2003-2004

Associate Editor, Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 2003-2004

HONORS AND AWARDS

Phi Beta Kappa, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 1976

Alpha Omega Alpha, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore,
MD 1979

ASCO Travel Awards 1986 and 1987

American Society of Clinical Investigation 1996

Israel Cancer Research Fund's Elliott Osserman Award for Distinguished
Service in Support of Cancer Research 1999

NIH Merit Award 2002

Association of American Physicians 2003

NCI Director's Award 2005

Federal Technology Transfer Award 2005

PATENTS Novel Immunotherapeutic Methods and Vaccines, 1999 U.S. Patent
No. 5,997,869.

RESEARCH INTERESTS

My research focuses on three major themes related to the biology and
treatment of pediatric sarcomas: (1) the role of insulin-like growth
factors on the biology of these tumors; (2) identification of the
molecular mechanisms of metastases using animal models of spontaneously
metastatic tumors; (3) translation of these findings into treatments to
improve the outcome of patients with pediatric sarcomas.

HOME ADDRESS & TELEPHONE:

7600 Shadywood Road

Bethesda, Maryland 20817

\(301\) 299-2922

INVITED LECTURES

International Symposium on Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma-Speaker,
Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, October 1989

1st Robert Steel Foundation International Symposium on Molecular
Genetics and Developmental Biology of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma and
Sarcomas of Bone in Children-Speaker, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY, June 1990

UCLA Symposium on The Biology Sarcomas-Speaker, Lake Tahoe, CA, March
1990

INVITED LECTURES (cont.)

American Association of Cancer Research-Session Chairs, Biology of
Cancer Poster Discussion, 1992, and Molecular Markers, Orlando, FL, 1993

Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Symposiums-Speaker, Boca Raton, FL, February
1993

4th International Symposium on Insulins, IGFs, and Their
Receptors-Speaker, Woods Hole, MA, April 1993

9th Annual Forbeck Forum-Speaker, Hilton Head, SC, October 1993

1995 Endocrine Society Annual Meeting Plenary Session-Speaker,
Washington, DC, May 1995

National Cancer Institute Clinical Oncology Grand Rounds-Guest Speaker,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1995 and 1997

Second Annual Connective Tissue Oncology Society Meeting-Speaker,
Toronto, Canada, October 1996

Second Osteosarcoma Research Conference-Speaker, Bologna, Italy,
November 1996

Clinical Center Grand Rounds, National Institutes of Health-Guest
Speaker, Bethesda, MD, 1996 and 1998

American Society of Clinical Oncology-*Meet the Professor*, Denver, CO,
May 1997

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Division of Solid Tumor Oncology
Conference-Speaker, New York, NY, May 1997

Robert Steel Foundation International Symposium on Sarcomas, Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center-Speaker, New York, NY, September 1997

Wells Center for Pediatric Research Combined Seminar Series-Speaker,
Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, October 1997

8^th^ International Congress on Anti-Cancer Treatment-Speaker Paris,
France, Feb 1998

Centernet Grand Rounds Program, Clinical Center, National Institutes of
Health-Guest Speaker, Bethesda, MD, March 1998

American & European Muscoloskeletal Tumor Societies Presidential-Guest
Lecturer, Washington, D.C., May 1998

Frances Hester Dornette Lecture, 16th Annual, The Jewish Hospital-Guest
Lecturer, Cincinnati, OH, May 1998

Robert Steel Foundation International Symposium on New Strategies for
Stimulating and Augmenting Host Resistance to Malignant Cells-Speaker,
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, October 1998

Hematology/Oncology Research Seminar, Children's Hospital of
Philadelphia-Speaker, Philadelphia, PA, February 1999

INVITED LECTURES (cont.)

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of
Oncology-Visiting Professor, Baltimore, MD, February 1999

Pharmacology and Toxicology Seminar Series, Dartmouth Medical
School-Speaker, Hanover, NH, March 1999

American Society of Clinical Oncology 35^th^ Annual Meeting-Panel
Discussant Pediatric Solid Tumors, Atlanta, GA, May 1999

International Meeting on Multidisciplinary Approach to Treatment of Bone
and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas-Speaker, Naples, Italy, June 1999

Serono Symposia USA's International Symposium on Growth Hormone in
Immune Reconstitution: Basic and Clinical Studies-Speaker, St.
Petersburg Beach, FL, October 1999

American Association for Cancer Research 91^st^ Annual Meeting, Symposia
Exploiting the Genetic Defects of Pediatric Tumors-Speaker, San
Francisco, CA, April 2000

European Musculoskeletal Oncology Society-Mario Campanacci Lecturer,
London, England, May 2000

American Society of Clinical Oncology 36^th^ Annual Meeting,
Distinguishing Between Fact and Fiction in the Treatment and
Pathogenesis of Pediatric Solid Tumors-Education Session Chair New
Orleans, LA, May 2000

Childhood Bone Sarcomas-Molecular Characterization and Growth Factors-
Distinguished Guest Speaker Symposium, Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem,
Israel, July 2000

Training Scientists for the Forthcoming Decade, The Hospital for Sick
Children-Keynote Speaker, Toronto, Canada, January 2001

Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Specialty Day, Diagnosis and Staging
Session, Adjuvant Therapy: Immunotherapy-Speaker, San Francisco, CA,
March 2001

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Soft Tissue
and Bone Sarcoma Group 25th Anniversary Meeting on Sarcomas-Speaker,
Aarhus, Denmark, April 2001

University of Minnesota Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical
School and University of Minnesota Cancer Center-Visiting Professor in
Musculoskeletal Oncology, April 2002

American Association for Cancer Research 93^rd^ Annual Meeting-Forum
Participant, The Best Targets in Sarcoma, San Francisco, April 2002

The 10^th^ Federation Meeting of Korean Basic Medical Scientists 2002,
Korean Society of Pathologists-Pathobiology of Pediatric Tumors-Guest
Speaker, Seoul, Korea, May 2002

INVITED LECTURES (cont.)

American Society of Clinical Oncology 38^th^ Annual Meeting,
Co-Chair-Discussant, Scientific Session, Sarcoma, Orlando, FL, May 2002

Symposium on Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in
Neurofibromatosis 1 and on Microarrays in Neurofibromatosis 1, The
National Neurofibromatosis Foundation Meeting-Invited Participant,
Aspen, CO, June 2002

Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/Sarcoma Service, University of Washington
School of Medicine-Visiting Professor, Seattle, WA, June 2002

Cancer in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults Conference, Southern
Illinois University School of Medicine-Keynote Speaker, Springfield, IL,
September 2002

2^nd^ Pediatric Oncology Conference-Methods In Drug Development,
European School of Oncology-Invited Faculty, Rome, Italy, March 2003

National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research Grand Rounds,
National Institutes of Health- Guest Speaker, Bethesda, MD, June 2003

VI International Colloquium on Hematology & Oncology-Invited Speaker,
Ixtapa, Mexico, August 2003

Experimental Hematology-Hematology/Oncology Seminar Series, Children's
Hospital

Medical Center-Guest Speaker, Cincinnati, OH, September 2003

Grand Rounds, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital-Guest Speaker,
Memphis, TN, September 2003

Symposium Advances and Prospects in Pediatric Cancer Research,
Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Children's
Hospital-Speaker, Vienna, Austria, November 2003

Baylor College of Medicine-Guest Speaker, Houston, TX, December 2003

Huntsman Cancer Institute, Sarcoma Symposium-Invited Speaker, February
2004

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Adolescent and Young Adult Symposium,
*Sarcomas in Adolescents and Young Adults*-Invited Speaker, April 2004

Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center,
Lebanon, NH, Grand Rounds speaker-September 2004

Children's Hospital, Boston, Orthopedic Research Seminar Series-Invited
Speaker, December 2004

Grand Rounds, Cancer Institute of New Jersey-Grand Rounds-Invited
Speaker, New Brunswick, NJ, February 2005

Tulane/Louisiana State University Center for Gene Therapy, Joint Journal
Club-Invited Speaker, New Orleans, LA, March 2005

INVITED LECTURES (cont.)

Sarcoma Meeting Stuttgart-Key Speaker, Stuttgart, Germany, June 2005

International Society of Pediatric Oncology 37^th^ Conference-Keynote
Lecture on behalf of the American Society of Clinical Oncology,
Vancouver, BC, Canada, September 2005

Robert Steel Foundation for Pediatric Cancer Research, International
Symposium, *Molecular Signatures Distinguishing the Clinical Behavior of
Human Malignancies and Sensitivity to Targeted Therapeutics*-Invited
Speaker, New York, NY, November 2005

University of Chicago-Suzanne Berman Visiting Professor, Chicago, IL,
December 2005

American Association for Cancer Research, *Meet-the-Expert Sunrise
Session*-Invited Speaker, Annual Meeting 2006, Washington, DC, April
2006

American Society of Clinical Oncology, Education Session, *What Do You
Do When Adult Cancers Occur in Children?*-Invited Speaker, Annual
Meeting 2006, Atlanta, GA, May 2006

Interdisciplinary Meeting on Soft-Tissue Sarcomas-Invited Speaker,
Milan, Italy, May 2006

Texas Children's Cancer Center's Donald J. Fernbach, M.D. Lectureship:
Series Research Seminar-Invited Speaker, Houston, TX, November 2006

3^rd^ All-Ireland Cancer Conference-Plenary Speaker, Belfast, Northern
Ireland, November 2006

Gordon Research Conference, *Insulin-like Growth Factors in Physiology &
Disease-Invited Speaker*, Ventura, California, March 2007

## BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.  Von Hoff DD, Penta JS, Helman LJ, and Slavik M. Incidence of
    drug-related deaths secondary to high-dose methotrexate and
    citrovorum factor administration. Cancer Treat Rep, 61(4):745-8,
    1977.

2.  Von Hoff DD, Rozencweig M, Soper WT, Helman LJ, Penta JS, Davis HL,
    and Muggia FM. Whatever happened to NSC \_\_\_? An analysis of
    clinical results of discontinued anticancer agents. Cancer Treat
    Rep, 61(5):759-68, 1977.

3.  Plaut SM, Walker-Bartnick L, Helman LJ, Ginsberg R, Rapoport RG,
    Plaut JM, Cannon MJ, and Dies RR. Improving staff-student relations:
    effects of a humanistic medicine programme. Medical Teacher,
    2(1):32-9, 1980.

4.  Helman LJ, Ozols RF, and Longo DL. Thrombocytopenia and extragonadal
    germ-cell neoplasm. (Letter) Ann Int Med, 101(2):280, 1984.

5.  Helman LJ, Thiele CJ, Linehan WM, Nelkin BD, Baylin SB, and Israel
    MA. Molecular markers of neuroendocrine development and evidence of
    environmental regulation. Proc Natl. Acad Sci USA, 84:2336-9, 1987.

6.  Helman LJ, Gazdar AF, Park J-G, Cohen PS, Cotelinghan JD, and Israel
    MA. Chromogranin A expression in normal and malignant human tissues.
    J Clin Invest, 82:686-90, l988.

7.  Helman LJ, Ahn TG, Levine MA, Allison A, Cohen PS, Cooper MJ, Cohn
    DV, and Israel MA. Molecular cloning and primary structure of human
    chromogranin A (secretory protein I) cDNA. J Biol Chem,
    263(23):11559-63, l988.

8.  Gazdar AF, Helman LJ, Israel MA, Russell EK, Linnoila RI, Mulshine
    JL, Schuller HM, and Park J-G. Expression of neuroendocrine cell
    markers L-Dopa decarboxylase, chromogranin A, and dense core
    granules in human tumors of endocrine and nonendocrine origin.
    Cancer Res, 48:4078-82, l988.

9.  Cooper MJ, Helman LJ, Evans AE, Swamy S, O\'Connor DT, Helson L, and
    Israel MA. Chromogranin A expression in childhood peripheral
    neuroectodermal tumors. Adv Neuroblastoma, 2:175-84, 1988.

10. Reeves SA, Helman LJ, Allison A, and Israel MA. Molecular cloning
    and primary structure of human glial fibrillary acidic protein. Proc
    Natl Acad Sci USA, 86:5178-82, 1989.

11. El-Badry OM, Romanus JA, Helman LJ, Cooper MJ, Rechler MM, and
    Israel MA. Autonomous growth of a human neuro­blastoma cell line is
    mediated by insulin-like growth factor II. J Clin Invest, 84:829-39,
    1989.

12. Helman LJ, Cohen PS, Averbuch SD, Cooper MJ, Keiser HR, and Israel
    MA. Neuropeptide Y expression distinguishes malignant from benign
    pheochromocytoma. J Clin Oncol, 7:1720-5, 1989.

13. Peng Z, Calvert I, Clark J, Helman LJ, Kahn R, and Kung HF.
    Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and mRNA expression of human
    ADP-ribosylation factor. Biofactors, 2(1):45-9, 1989.

14. Cooper MJ, Helman LJ and Israel MA. Molecular biology and the
    pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. Cancer Cells,
    7:95-9, 1989.

15. Levine MA, Smallwood PM, Moen, Jr. PT, Helman LJ and Ahn TG.
    Molecular cloning of β3 subunit, a third form of the Gprotein β-
    subunit polypeptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 87:2329-33, 1990.

16. Helman LJ, Sack N, Plon SE and Israel MA. The sequence of an adrenal
    specific human cDNA, pG2. Nuc Acid Res, 18(3):685, 1990.

17. Cooper MJ, Hutchins GM, Cohen PS, Helman LJ, Mennie RJ and Israel
    MA. Human neuroblastoma tumor cell lines correspond to the arrested
    differentiation of chromaffin adrenal medullary neuroblasts. Cell
    Growth, 1:149-59, 1990.

18. El-Badry OM, Minniti CP, Kohn EL, Houghton PJ, Daughaday WH and
    Helman LJ. Insulin-like growth factor II acts as an autocrine growth
    and motility factor in human rhabdomyosarcoma tumors. Cell Growth
    Differ, 1:325-31, 1990.

19. Cohen PS, Cooper MJ, Helman LJ, Thiele CJ, Seeger RC and Israel MA.
    Neuropeptide Y expression in the developing adrenal gland and in
    childhood neuroblastoma tumors. Cancer Res, 50:6055-61, 1990.

20. Levine MA, Dempsey MA, Helman LJ and Ahn TG. Expression of
    chromogranin-A messenger ribonucleic acid in parathyroid tissue from
    patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,
    70(6):1668-73, 1990.

21. Prior TI, Helman LJ, FitzGerald DJ and Pastan I. Cytotoxic activity
    of a recombinant fusion protein between insulin-like growth factor I
    and *pseudomonas* exotoxin. Cancer Res, 51:174-80, 1991.

22. El-Badry OM, Helman LJ, Chatten J, Steinberg SM, Evans AE and Israel
    MA. Insulin like growth factor II-mediated proliferation of human
    neuroblastoma. J Clin Invest, 87:648-57, 1991.

23. Crouch GD and Helman LJ. All-*trans*-retinoic acid inhibits the
    growth of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Cancer Res, 51:4882-7,
    1991.

24. Minniti CP, Maggi M and Helman LJ. Suramin inhibition of human
    rhabdomyosarcoma cell growth may occur through a block of the IGF-I
    receptor. Cancer Res,52:1830-5, 1992.

25. Felix CA, Kappel CC, Mitsudomi T, Nau MM, Tsokos M, Crouch GD, Nisen
    PD, Winick NJ and Helman LJ. Frequency and diversity of p53
    mutations in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Res, 52:2243-7,
    1992.

26. Minniti CP, Kohn EC, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Oh Y, Rosenfeld RG and Helman
    LJ. The IGF-II/Mannose 6-phosphate receptor mediates insulin like
    growth factor-II induced motility in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. J
    Biol Chem, 267:9000-4, 1992.

27. Park J-G, Choe GY, Helman LJ, Gazdar AF, Yang H-K, Kim J-P, Park SH,
    and Kim YI. Chromogranin-A expression in gastric and colon cancer
    tissues. Int J Cancer, 51:189-94, 1992.

28. Crouch GD, Kalebic T, Tsokos M and Helman LJ. Ara-C treatment leads
    to differentiation and reverses the transformed phenotype in a human
    rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. Exp Cell Res, 204:210-6, 1993.

29. Parmer RJ, Xiao-Ping X, Hong-Jiang W, Helman LJ and Petz LN.
    Secretory protein traffic: chromogranin A contains a dominant
    targeting signal for the regulated pathway. J Clin Invest,
    92(2):1042-54, 1993.

30. Minniti CP, Tsokos M, Newton, Jr. WA and Helman LJ. Specific
    expression of insulin-like growth factor-II in rhabdomyosarcoma
    tumor cells. Am J Clin Path, 101(2):198-203, 1994.

31. Hirschfeld S and Helman LJ. Diverse roles of insulin-like growth
    factors in pediatric solid tumors. In Vivo, 8:81-90, 1994.

32. Luján HD, Mowatt MR, Helman LJ and Nash TE. Insulin-like growth
    factors stimulate growth and L-cysteine uptake by the intestinal
    parasite *Giardia lamblia*. J Biol Chem, 269(18):13069-72, 1994.

33. Zhan S, Shapiro DN and Helman LJ. Activation of an imprinted allele
    of the insulin-like growth factor II gene implicated in
    rhabdomyosarcoma. J Clin Invest, 94(1):445-8, 1994.

34. Kappel CC, Velez-Yanguas MC, Hirschfeld S and Helman LJ. Human
    osteosarcoma cell lines are dependent on insulin-like growth factor
    I for *in vitro* growth. Cancer Res, 54(10):2803-7, 1994.

35. Wexler LH and Helman LJ. Pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas. CA Cancer J
    Clin, 44(4):211-47, 1994.

36. Kalebic T, Tsokos M and Helman LJ. *In vivo* treatment with antibody
    against IGF-1 receptor suppresses growth of human rhabdomyosarcoma
    and down-regulates p34cdc2. Cancer Res, 54(21):5531-4, 1994.

37. Nolan EM, Helman LJ, Burton DW and Deftos LJ. Cloning of the human
    chromogranin-A promoter and identification of a sequence that
    possesses enhancer-like activity. Endocrine, 2:891-7, 1994.

38. Helman L. The role of insulin-like growth factors in
    rhabdomyosarcomas and osteosarcomas, pp 56-57. In: LeRoith D,
    moderator. Insulin-like growth factors and cancer. Ann Intern Med,
    122:54-9, 1995.

39. Lee YL, Helman LJ, Hoffman T and Laborda J. dlk, pG2 and Pref-1
    mRNAs encode similar proteins belonging to the EGF-like superfamily.
    Identification of polymorphic variants of this RNA. Biochim Biophys
    Acta, 1261:223-232, 1995.

40. Minniti CP, Luan D, O\'Grady C, Rosenfeld RG, Oh Y and Helman LJ.
    Insulin-like growth factor II overexpression in myoblasts induces
    phenotypic changes typical of the malignant phenotype. Cell Growth
    Differ, 6:263-269, 1995.

41. Gaetano C, Manni I, Bossi G, Piaggio G, Soddu S, Farina A, Helman LJ
    and Sacchi A. Retinoic acid and cAMP differentially regulate human
    chromogranin A promoter activity during differentiation of
    neuroblastoma cells. Eur J Cancer, 31A:447-452, 1995.

42. Zhan S, Shapiro DN and Helman LJ. Loss of imprinting of IGF2 does
    not correlate with levels of IGF2 mRNA expression in Ewing\'s
    Sarcoma. Oncogene, 11: 2503-2507, 1995.

43. Zhan S, Shapiro DP, Zhan S, Zhang L, Hirschfeld S, Elassal J and
    Helman LJ. Concordant loss of imprinting of the human insulin-like
    growth factor II gene promoters in cancer. J Biol Chem,
    270:27983-27986, 1995.

44. Hernandez-Sanchez C, Blakesley V, Kalebic T, Helman L and LeRoith D.
    The role of the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin-like growth
    factor-I receptor in intracellular signaling, cellular
    proliferation, and tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem, 270: 29176-29181,
    1995.

45. LeRoith D, Werner H, Neuenschwander S, Kalebic T and Helman LJ. The
    role of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in cancer. Ann N Y
    Acad Sci, 766: 402-405, 1995.

46. Blakesley VA, Kalebic T, Helman LJ, Stannard B, Faria TN, Roberts CT
    and LeRoith D. Tumorigenic and mitogenic capacities are reduced in
    transfected fibroblasts expressing mutant IGF-I receptors.
    Endocrinol, 137:410-4217, 1996.

47. Velez-Yanguas MC, Kalebic T, Maggi M, Kappel CC, Letterio J,
    Uskokovic M and Helman LJ. 1α, 25-dihydroxy-16-ene-23-yne-26,
    27-hexaflurocholecalciferol (Ro24-5531) modulation of insulin-like
    growth factor-binding protein-3 and induction of differentiation and
    growth arrest in a human osteosarcoma cell line. J Clin Endocrinol
    Metab, 81:93-99, 1996.

48. Zhang L, Kashanchi F, Zhan Q, Zhan S, Brady JN, Fornace AJ, Seth P
    and Helman LJ. Regulation of IGF-II P3 promoter by p53: a potential
    mechanism for tumorigenesis. Cancer Res, 56:1367-1373, 1996.

49. Toretsky JA and Helman LJ. Involvement of insulin-like growth factor
    II in human cancer. J Endocrinol, 149:367-372, 1996.

50. Kalebic T, Tsokos M and Helman LJ. Suppression of rhabdomyosarcoma
    growth by fumagillin analog TNP-470. Int. J. Cancer, 68:596-599,
    1996.

51. Kalebic T, Uudde JG, Velez-Yanguas, M, Knutsen T and Helman LJ.
    Metastatic human rhabdomyosarcoma: molecular, cellular and
    cytogenetic analysis of a novel cellular model. Invasion and
    Metastasis, 16: 83-96, 1996.

52. Blakesley VA, Stannard B S, Kalebic T, Helman, L J and LeRoith D.
    Role of the IGF-1 receptor in mutagenesis and tumor promotion. J.
    Endocrinol, 152:339-344, 1997.

53. Schulte TW, Toretsky JA, Ress E, Helman L and Neckers LM. Expression
    of PAX3 in Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. Biochem Mol Med,
    60:121-126, 1997.

54. Toretsky J, Kalebic T, Blakesley V, LeRoith D and Helman L J. The
    insulin-like growth factor-I receptor is required for EWS/FLI-1
    transformation of fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem, 272:30822-30827, 1997.

55. Weintraub M, Kalebic T, Helman LJ and Bhatia KG. Disruption of the
    MyoD/p21pathway in rhabdomyosarcoma. Sarcoma, 1, 135-141, 1997.

56. Zhang, L, Zhan Q, Zhan S, Kashanchi F, Fornace, Jr., A J, Seth P and
    Helman L J. p53 regulates human insulin-like growth factor II gene
    expression through active P4 promoter in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. DNA
    and Cell Biol, 17:125-131, 1998.

57. Kalebic T, Blakesley V, Slade C, Plasschaert S, LeRoith D and
    Helman, LJ. Expression of a kinase-deficient IGF-I-R suppresses
    tumorigenicity of rhabdomyosarcoma cells constitutively expressing a
    wild type IGF-I-R. Int. J. Cancer, 76, 223-227, 1998.

58. Zhan S, Zhan S, Zhang, L, Van M, Yeung C and Helman LJ. Biallelic
    expression of all four IGF-II promoters and its association with
    increased methylation of H19 gene in human brain. Brain Research,
    792, 283-290, 1998.

59. Zhan S and Helman LJ. *Gli*mpsing the cause of rhabdomyosarcoma.
    Nature Medicine, 4:559-560, 1998.

60. Zhang L, Zhan S, Navid F, Li Q, Choi YH, Kim M, Seth P, and Helman
    LJ. AP-2 may contribute to IGF-II overexpression in
    rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene, 17:1261-1270, 1998.

61. Wang W, Kumar P, Wang W, Epstein J, Helman L, Moore JV and Kumar S.
    Insulin-like growth factor II and PAX3-FKHR cooperate in the
    oncogenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Res, 58:4426-4433, 1998.

62. Zhang L, Kim M, Choi YH, Goemans B, Yeung C, Hu Z, Zhan S, Prem S
    and Helman LJ. Diminished G1 checkpoint after γ-irradiation and
    altered cell cycle regulation by IGFII overexpression. J Biol Chem,
    274:13118-13126, 1999.

63. Merlino G and Helman LJ. Rhabdomyosarcoma -- working out the
    pathways. Oncogene, 18:5340-5348, 1999.

64. Cope JU, Tsokos M, Helman, LJ, Gridley G and Tucker MA. Inguinal
    hernia in patients with Ewing sarcoma: A clue to etiology. Med Ped
    Onc, 34:195-199, 2000.

65. Liu XF, Helman LJ, Yeung C, Bera TK, Lee B and Pastan I. XAGE-1, a
    new gene that is frequently expressed in Ewing's sarcoma. Cancer
    Res, 60:4752-4755, 2000.

66. Navid F, Letterio JJ, Yeung CL, Pegtel M and Helman LJ. Autocrine
    transforming growth factor-β growth pathway in murine osteosarcoma
    cell lines associated with inability to affect phosphorylation of
    retinoblastoma protein. Sarcoma, 4:93-102, 2000.

67. Khanna C, Prehn J, Yeung C, Caylor J, Tsokos M and Helman L. An
    orthotopic model of murine osteosarcoma with clonally related
    variants differing in pulmonary metastatic potential. Clin Exper
    Metastasis, 18:261-271, 2000.

68. Khanna C, Khan J, Nguyen P, Prehn J, Caylor J, Yeung C, Trepel J,
    Meltzer P and Helman L. Metastasis-associated differences in gene
    expression in a murine model of osteosarcoma. Cancer Res,
    61:3750-3759, 2001.

69. Dagher R, Pham TA, Sorbara L, Kumar S, Long L, Bernstein D, Mackall,
    C, Raffeld M, Tsokos M and Helman L. Molecular confirmation of
    Ewing's sarcoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 23:221-224, 2001.

70. Dupont J, Fernandez AM, Glackin CA, Helman L and LeRoith D.
    Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1)-induced twist expression is
    involved in the anti-apoptotic effects of the IGF-1 receptor. J Biol
    Chem, 276:26699-26707, 2001.

71. Merino ME, Navid F, Christensen BL, Toretsky JA, Helman LJ, Cheung
    NK and Mackall CL. Immunomagnetic purging of Ewing's sarcoma from
    blood and bone marrow: quantitation by real-time polymerase chain
    reaction. J Clin Oncol, 19:3649-3659, 2001.

72. Dupont J, Khan J, Qu B-H, Meltzer P, Helman L and LeRoith D. Insulin
    and IGF-1 induce different patterns of gene expression in mouse
    fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells: identification by cDNA microarray
    analysis. Endocrinology, 142:4969-4975, 2001.

73. Worley BS, van den Broeke LT, Goletz TJ, Pendleton CD, Daschbach,
    EM, Thomas EK, Marincola FM, Helman LJ and Berzofsky JA.
    Antigenicity of fusion proteins from sarcoma-associated chromosomal
    translocations. Cancer Res, 61:6868-6875, 2001.

74. Weil R, Zhuang Z, Pack S, Kumar S, Helman L, Fuller BG, Mackall CL
    and Oldfield EH. Intramedullary Ewing sarcoma of the spinal cord:
    consequences of molecular diagnostics. Case report. J Neurosurg,
    95:270-275, 2001.

75. Toretsky JA, Steinberg SM, Thaker M, Counts D, Pironis B, Parente C,
    Eskenazi A, Helman L and Wexler LH. Insulin-like growth factor type
    1 (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 in patients with Ewing sarcoma
    family of tumors. Cancer, 192:2941-2947, 2002.

76. Dagher R, Long L, Read EJ, Leitman SF, Carter CS, Tsokos M, , Goletz
    TJ, Avila N, Berzofsky JA, Helman LJ and Mackall CL. Pilot trial of
    tumor-specific peptide vaccination and continuous infusion
    interleukin-2 in patients with recurrent Ewing sarcoma and alveolar
    rhabdomyosarcoma: an inter-institute NIH study. Med Pediatr Oncol,
    38:158-164, 2002.

77. Wan X and Helman LJ. Effect of insulin-like growth factor II on
    protecting myoblast cells against cisplatin-induced apoptosis via
    p70 S6 kinase pathway. Neoplasia, 4:400-408, 2002.

78. Khanna C, Prehn J, Hayden D, Cassaday RD, Caylor J, Jacob S, Bose
    SM, Hong S-H, Hewitt SM and Helman LJ. A randomized controlled trial
    of octreotide pamoate long-acting and carboplatin versus carboplatin
    alone in dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcoma: evaluation of
    insulin-like growth factor suppression and chemotherapy. Clin Cancer
    Res, 8:2406-2412, 2002.

79. Gobbi G, Sangiorgi L, Lenzi L, Casadei R, Canaider S, Strippoli P,
    Lucarelli E, Ghedini I, Donati D, Fabbri N, Warzecha J, Yeoung (sic
    Yeung) C, Helman LJ, Picci P and Carinci P. Seven BMPs and all their
    receptors are simultaneously expressed in osteosarcoma cells. Int J
    Oncol, 20:143-147, 2002.

80. Mansky PJ, Liewehr DJ, Steinberg SM, Chrousos GP, Avila NA, Long L,
    Bernstein D, Mackall CL, Hawkins DS and Helman LJ. Treatment of
    metastatic osteosarcoma with the somatostatin analog OncoLar:
    Significant reduction of IGF-1 serum levels. J Ped Hem Onc,
    24:440-446, 2002.

81. Houghton PJ, Adamson PC, Blaney S, Fine HA, Gorlick R, Haber M,
    Helman L, Hirschfeld S, Hollingshead MG, Israel MA, Lock RB, Maris
    JM, Merlino G, Patterson W, Reynolds CP, Shannon K, Yu A, Yu J, and
    Smith MA. Testing of new agents in childhood cancer preclinical
    models: meeting summary. Clin Cancer Res, 8:3646-3657, 2002.

82. Sharp R, Recio JA, Chamelli J, Otsuka T, Liu S, Yu Y, Liu W, Anver
    M, Navid F, Helman LJ, DePinho RA and Merlino G. Synergism between
    INK4a/ARF inactivation and aberrant HGF/SF signaling in
    rhabdomyosarcomagenesis. Nature Medicine, 8:1276-1280, 2002.
    Corrigendum: Nat Med, 9:146, 2003.

83. Goorin AM, Schwartzentruber DJ, Devidas M, Gebhardt MC, Ayala AG,
    Harris MB Helman LJ, Grier HE and Link MP. Presurgical chemotherapy
    compared with immediate surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for
    nonmetastatic osteosarcoma: Pediatric Oncology Group Study POB-8651.
    J Clin Oncol, 21:1574-1580. 2003.

84. Wan X and Helman LJ. Levels of PTEN protein modulate Akt
    phosphorylation on serine 473, but not on threonine 308, in IGF-II
    overexpressing rhabdomyosarcomas cells. Oncogene, 22:8205-8211,
    2003.

85. Debelenko LV, Arthur DC, Pack SD, Helman LJ, Schrump DS and
    Tsokos M. Identification of CARS-ALK fusion in primary and
    metastatic lesions of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Lab
    Invest, 83:1255-1265, 2003.

86. Zhang H, Merchant MS, Chua KS, Khanna C, Helman LJ, Telford B, Ward
    Y, Summers J, Toretsky J, Thomas EK, June CH and Mackall CL. Tumor
    expression of 4-1BB ligand sustains tumor lytic T cells. Cancer Biol
    Ther, 2:579-586, 2003.

87. Khanna C, Wan X, Bose S, Cassaday R, Olomu O, Mendoza A, Yeung C,
    Gorlick R, Hewitt SM and Helman LJ. The membrane-cytoskeleton linker
    ezrin is necessary for osteosarcoma metastasis. Nature Medicine,
    10:182-186, 2004.

88. Yu Y, Khan J, Khanna C, Helman L, Meltzer and Merlino G. Expression
    profiling identifies the cytoskeletal organizer ezrin and the
    developmental homeoprotein Six-1 as key metastatic regulators.
    Nature Medicine, 10:175-181, 2004.

89. Toyoshima Y, Karas M, Yakar S, Dupont J, **Lee Helman (sic)** and
    LeRoith D. TDAG51 mediates the effects of insulin-like growth factor
    1 (IGF-1) on cell survival. J Biol Chem, 24:25898-25904, 2004.

90. Nathan PC,Tsokos M, Long L, Bernstein D, Wexler LH, Mackall CL and
    Helman LJ. Adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced
    pediatric nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma: The National
    Cancer Institute Experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 44:1-6, 2005.

91. Wan X, Mendoza A, Khanna C and Helman LJ. Rapamycin inhibits
    ezrin-mediated metastatic behavior in a murine model of
    osteosarcoma. Cancer Res, 65:2406-2411, 2005.

92. Savage SA, Stewart BJ, Liao JS, Helman LJ and Chanock SJ. Telomere
    stability genes are not mutated in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer
    Genetics and Cytogenetics, 160:79-81, 2005.

93. Capponcelli S, Pedrini E, Cerone MA, Corti V, Fontanesi S, Alessio
    M, Bachi Soddu S, Ribatti D, Picci P, Helman LJ, Cantelli-Forti G
    and Sangiorgi L. Evaluation of the molecular mechanisms involved in
    the gain of function of a Li-Fraumeni TP53 mutation. Hum Mutat,
    26:94-103, 2005

94. Man, T-K, Chintagumpala M, Visvanathan J, Shen J, Perlaky L, Hicks
    J, Johnson M, Davino N, Murray J, Helman L, Meyer W, Triche T, Wong
    K-K and Lau C. Expression profiles of osteosarcoma that can predict
    response to chemotherapy. Cancer Res, 65:8142-8150, 2005

95. Zhang H, Chua KS, Guimond M, Kapoor V, Brown MV, Fleisher TA, Long
    L, Bernstein D, Hill BJ, Douek DC, Berzofsky JA, Carter CS, Read EJ,
    Helman LJ and Mackall CL. Lymphopenia and interleukin-2 therapy
    alter homeostasis of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. Nat Med,
    11:1238-1243, 2005

96. van den Broeke LT, Pendleton CD, Mackall C, Helman LJ and Berzofsky,
    JA. Identification and epitope enhancement of a PAX-FKHR fusion
    protein breakpoint epitope in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells
    created by a tumorigenic chromosomal translocation inducing CTL
    capable of lysing human tumors. Cancer Res, 66:1818-1823, 2006

97. Terabe M, Khanna C, Bose S, Melchionda F, Mendoza A, Mackall CL,
    Helman LJ and Berzofsky JA. CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells
    can down-regulate tumor immunosurveillance independent of
    Interleukin-4 receptor-signal transducer and activator of
    Transcription 6 or Transforming Growth Factor-β. Cancer Res,
    66:3869-3875, 2006

98. Wan X, Shen N, Mendoza A, Khanna C and Helman LJ. CCI-779 inhibits
    rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft growth by an antiangiogenic mechanism
    linked to the targeting of mTOR/Hif-1α/VEGF signaling. Neoplasia,
    8:384-401, 2006

99. Krishnan K, Bruce B, Hewitt S, Dafydd T, Khanna C, and Helman LJ.
    Ezrin mediates growth and survival in Ewing's sarcoma through the
    AKT/mTOR, but not the MAPK signaling pathway. Clinical &
    Experimental Metastasis, **in press**

100. Wan X, Harkavy B, Shen N, Grohar P, and Helman LJ. Rapamycin
     induces feedback activation of Akt signaling through an
     IGF-1R-dependent mechanism. Oncogene, **in press**

## REVIEW ARTICLES AND BOOK CHAPTERS

1.  Helman LJ, Thiele CJ, Linehan WM and Israel MA. A role for
    differentiation arrest in the develop­ment of neural crest tumors. In
    Lapis K, Liotta LA, and Rabson AS. (Eds): [Biochemistry and
    Molecular Genetics of Cancer Metastases]{.underline}. Boston:
    Martinus Nijhoff Publishing 1986:73-82

2.  Israel MA, Helman LJ and Miser JM. Patterns of proto-oncogene
    expression: A novel approach to the development of tumor markers. In
    DeVita VT, Hellman S, and Rosenberg SA. (Eds): [Important Advances
    in Oncology 1987]{.underline}. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co
    1987:87-104.

3.  Thiele CJ, McKeon C, Helman LJ and Israel MA. Patterns of
    proto-oncogene expression: A tool to subtype histo-pathologically
    similar solid tumors. In Minna J and Kuelhl WM (Eds): [Cellular and
    Molecular Biology of Tumors and Potential Clinical
    Applications]{.underline}. New York: Alan R Liss 1988:56:301-5.

4.  Cooper MJ, Helman LJ and Israel MA. Molecular genetics and the
    diagnosis of peripheral nervous system tumors. In Cossman J (Ed):
    [Molecular Genetics in Cancer Diagnosis]{.underline}. New York:
    Elsevier 1990:313-29.

5.  Helman LJ, Cooper MJ, Cohen PS and Israel MA. Molecular biology of
    neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. In Lack EE and Oertel JE (Eds):
    [Pathology of the Adrenal Glands]{.underline}. New York: Churchill
    Livingstone Inc 1991:311-21.

6.  Thiele CJ and Helman LJ. New insights into the causes of cancer. In
    Pizzo PA and Horowitz ME (Eds) [Pediatric Clinics of North America:
    Solid Tumors]{.underline}. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1991;201-21.

7.  Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, Magrath IT, Ungerleider RS, Balis FM, Helman
    LJ and Horowitz M. Cancers in children. In Wittes R (Ed): [Manual of
    Oncologic Therapeutics.]{.underline} 1991/1992. Philadelphia: JB
    Lippincott Co 1991:287-303.

8.  Helman LJ and Horowitz ME. Rhabdomyosarcoma. In Tonini GP, Sansone
    R, and Thiele CJ (Eds): [Molecular Genetics of Pediatric Solid
    Tumors. Basic Concepts and Recent Advances]{.underline}. Chur,
    Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers 1992:337-58.

9.  Thiele CJ and Helman LJ. Differentiating agents, growth factors, and
    novel molecular approaches to the treatment of pediatric cancer. In
    Pizzo PA and Poplack DG (Eds): [Principles and Practice of Pediatric
    Oncology]{.underline}, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co
    1992:409-28.

10. Minniti CP and Helman LJ. IGF-II in the pathogenesis of
    rhabdomyosarcoma: a prototype of IGFs involvement in human
    tumorigenesis. In LeRoith D and Raizada MK (Eds.): [Current
    Directions in Insulin-like Growth Factor Research]{.underline}. New
    York: Plenum Press 1994:327-43.

11. Wexler LH and Helman LJ. Rhabdomyosarcoma and the undifferentiated
    sarcomas. In: Pizzo PA and Poplack DG (Eds.): [Principles and
    Practice of Pediatric Oncology]{.underline}, 3rd ed. Philadelphia:
    JB Lippincott Co., 1997:799-829.

12. Toretsky JA and Helman LJ. Cytogenetics and experimental models. In:
    Current Opinion in Oncology. 9:342-347:1997. Review.

13. Helman LJ and Wexler LH. Insulin-like growth factors and cytokines
    in pediatric cancer. Bondy C and LeRoith D (Eds.): [Growth Factors
    and Cytokines in Health and Disease]{.underline}. Vol. 3B. pp.
    331-354. JAI Press Inc. 1997.

14. Goletz TJ, Mackall CL, Berzofsky JA and Helman LJ. Molecular
    alterations in pediatric sarcomas: potential targets for
    immunotherapy. In: Sarcoma, 2:77-87, 1998. Review.

15. Dagher R and Helman L. Rhabdomyosarcoma: An Overview. In: The
    Oncologist. 4:34-44, 1999. Review.

16. Navid F and Helman LJ. Childhood cancers. Srivastava S, Henson DE
    and Gazdar A . (Eds.). [Molecular Pathology of Early
    Cancer]{.underline}. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press, 1999:
    123-134.

17. Mackall C, Berzofsky J and Helman LJ. Targeting tumor specific
    translocations in sarcomas in pediatric patients for immunotherapy.
    In: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 373:25-31, 2000.
    Review.

18. Berzofsky JA, Helman LJ and Carbone DP. Cancer Vaccines: Cancer
    Antigens: Oncogenes and Mutations. Rosenberg SA (ed.). [Biologic
    Therapy of Cancer: Principles and Practice,]{.underline} 3^rd^ ed.
    New Haven, CT: DHR Publishers, 2000: 526-541.

19. Wexler L and Helman L. Soft Tissue Sarcomas of Childhood. [Cancer
    Medicine]{.underline}, 5^th^ Ed. New York, NY: BC Decker, 2000,
    2198-2203.

20. Mackall CL and Helman L. Targeting pediatric malignancies for T
    cell-mediated immune responses. In: Current Oncology Reports.
    2:539-546:2000. Review.

21. Maher VE, Worley BS, Contois D, Smith MC, Kelley MJ, Stipanov M,
    Khleif SN, Goletz T, van den Broeke L, Mackall C, Helman LJ, Carbone
    DP and Berzofsky JA. Mutant Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Gene
    Products and Fusion Proteins Created by Chromosomal Translocations
    as Targets for Cancer Vaccines. Kast MW (Ed). [Peptide-Based Cancer
    Vaccines]{.underline}. Georgetown, TX: Landes Bioscience, and
    Austin, TX: Eurekah.com, 2000:17-39.

22. Rao VK and Helman L. Sarcomas and Malignancies of the Bone. Abraham
    J and Allegra C (Eds.) [Bethesda Handbook of Clinical
    Oncology]{.underline}. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
    2001: 233-245.

23. Mackall CL and Helman LJ. High-dose chemotherapy for
    rhabdomyosarcoma: where do we go from here. Editorial Commentary,
    In: J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 23:266-267, 2001. Review.

24. Helman, LJ. Book Review, [Cancer Treatment]{.underline}, Haskell CM
    (ed.). Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 2001. In: Jnl Ped Hem-Onc.
    23:474. Review.

25. Helman L and Malkin D. Molecular Biology of Childhood Cancers.
    DeVita, Jr VT, Hellman S and Rosenberg, SA (Eds.). [Cancer:
    Principles and Practice of Oncology]{.underline}, 6^th^ Edition.
    Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001:2161-2169.

26. Mackall CL, Goletz, TJ, Berzofsky, JA and Helman LJ. Toward New
    Approaches: Targeting Tumor Specific Molecular Alterations with
    Immune Based Therapy. [Translocations in Solid Tumors]{.underline}.
    Georgetown, TX: Landes Bioscience, and Austin, TX: Eurekah.com.
    2002: 180-195.

27. Wexler LH, Crist WM and Helman LJ. Rhabdomyosarcoma and the
    Undifferentiated Sarcomas. Pizzo PA and Poplack DG (Eds.).
    [Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology]{.underline}, 4^th^
    Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
    2002:939-971.

28. Cohen KJ and Helman LJ. Pediatric Emergencies. [Oncologic
    Emergencies]{.underline}. Eds. Johnston and Spence. Oxford, England:
    Oxford University Press, 2002:239-251.

29. Mackall CL, Meltzer PS and Helman LJ. Focus on sarcomas, In: Cancer
    Cell. 2:175-178, 2002. Review.

30. Wayne AS and Helman LJ. Pediatric Malignancies. Pollock R. (Ed.).
    [Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) Manual of Clinical
    Oncology]{.underline}, 8^th^ Edition. UICC Education. John Wiley &
    Sons, Inc, 2004.

31. Navid F and Helman LJ. IGFs and sarcomas. [Insulin-Like Grow
    Factors]{.underline}. Eds. Le Roith, Zumkeller and Baxter.
    Georgetown, TX: Eurekah.com, 2003.

32. Helman LJ and Meltzer P. Mechanisms of sarcoma development. In: Nat
    Rev Cancer, 3:685-694, 2003. Review.

33. Gorlick R, Anderson P, Andrulis I, Arndt C, Beardsley GP, Bernstein
    M, Bridge J, Cheung NK, Dome JS, Ebb D, Gardner T, Gebhardt M, Grier
    H, Hansen M, Healey J, Helman L, Hock J, Houghton J, Houghton P,
    Huvos A, Khanna C, Kieran M, Kleinerman E, Ladanyi M, Lau C, Malkin
    D, Marina N, Meltzer P, Meyers P, Schofield D, Schwartz C, Smith MA,
    Toretsky J, Tsokos M, Wexler L, Wigginton J, Withrow S, Schoenfeldt
    M and Anderson B. Biology of childhood osteogenic sarcoma and
    otential targets for therapeutic development: meeting summary. Clin
    Cancer Res, 15:5442-5443, 2003. Review

34. Mansky PJ and Helman L. Sarcomas and Malignancies of the Bone.
    Abraham J and Allegra C (Eds.) Bethesda Handbook of Clinical
    Oncology, 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
    2005:265-279

35. LeRoith D and Helman L. The new kid on the block(ade) of IGF-1
    receptor. In: Cancer Cell. 5:201-202, 2004. Review. Erratum in:
    Cancer Cell. 5:403, 2004.

36. Malawer MM, Helman LJ and O'Sullivan B. Sarcomas of the Bone.
    DeVita, Jr. VT, Hellman S and Rosenberg SA (Eds.). [Cancer:
    Principles and Practice of Oncology]{.underline}, 7^th^ Edition.
    Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005:1638-1686.

37. Helman LJ and Malkin D. Molecular Biology of Childhood Cancers.
    DeVita, Jr. VT, Hellman S and Rosenberg SA (Eds.). [Cancer:
    Principles and Practice of Oncology]{.underline}, 7^th^ Edition.
    Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005:1889-1937.

38. Krishnan K, Khanna C and Helman LJ. The biology of metastasis in
    pediatric sarcomas. Cancer J. 11:306-313, 2005. Review.

39. Khanna C and Helman L. Molecular approaches in Pediatric Oncology.
    [Ann Rev Med]{.underline}. 57:83-97, 2006. Review

40. Wexler LH, Meyer WH and Helman LJ. Rhabdomyosarcoma and the
    Undifferentiated Sarcomas. Pizzo PA and Poplack DG (Eds.).
    [Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology]{.underline}, 5^th^
    Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006:
    971-1001.

41. Krishnan K, Khanna C, and Helman LJ. The molecular biology of
    pulmonary metastases. [Thorac Surg Clin]{.underline}
    16:115-124, 2006. Review.