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**OFFICE OF VETERANS BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT**

**U.S. Small Business Administration**

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**[Frequently Asked Questions]{.underline}**

1.  **When is a reservist considered a veteran?**

> According to the *Center for Veteran Enterprises* of the Department of
> Veterans Affairs (VA) in concurrence with U.S.C Title 38, a reservist
> attains veteran status when he or she has been called to active duty
> and serves in an active duty capacity for a 60 day timeframe.

2.  **What is the definition of a veteran?**

> The term veteran as defined by the Department of Veterans Affairs in
> concurrence with U.S.C. Title 38 is a person who has served on active
> duty in the military, naval or air services; and who has been
> discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable.

3.  **How do I become certified as a veteran-owned business owner?**

> The documentation that the VA provides to service members who have
> been discharged or released from the armed forces under anything other
> than dishonorable conditions is the documentation that self-certifies
> you as a veteran or service-disabled veteran. This also is the
> documentation that self-certifies you as a veteran or service-disabled
> veteran business owner.

4.  **How do I become certified as a service-disabled veteran-owned
    business owner?**

> The same answer for **Question 2** above applies in this case as well.
> Hence to reiterate, the documentation that the VA provides to service
> members who have been discharged or released from the armed forces
> under anything other than dishonorable conditions is the documentation
> that self-certifies you as a veteran or service-disabled veteran.

5.  **Does SBA certify veteran-owned businesses?**

> The Small Business Administration does not certify a business owned by
> a veteran or service-disabled veteran as such in either case. The SBA
> has relied upon and continues to rely upon the documentation provided
> by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in concurrence with U.S.C.
> Title 38, as proof of veteran status, which is itself self-certifying.
> SBA, therefore, does not require certification beyond the VA
> documentation for both veteran and service-disabled veteran-owned
> small business concerns.

6.  **Are there grants for starting businesses?**

> SBA is not aware of any grant funding opportunities for starting a
> small business. The Agency has never provided grant funds for business
> startups, expansions or diversifications. It has, however, through it
> various loans programs provided funding to **creditworthy**
> individuals, small business owners and entrepreneurs to aid them in
> their efforts to start and grow successful small business concerns.
>
> Grant opportunities do exist within the federal sector, and you may
> respond to such solicitations. To review grant opportunities for the
> various federal agencies, as well as for some state agencies, visit
> [www.grants.gov](http://www.grants.gov/). This website provides links
> to outside grant opportunities as well.

7.  **What requirements must I meet to qualify for an SBA loan?**

> The most important requirements that you must meet to secure a loan
> from the Small Business Administration are (1) your credit history,
> (2) your ability to repay the loan, (3) collateral for investment in
> the business venture (4) and equity.
>
> (1). Credit history is an important aspect of a loan application
> because the bank uses this information to determine whether your
> personal credit is good. That is if you pay your bills on time and if
> you are delinquent on payments.
>
> (2). The ability to repay the loan and must be justified in your loan
> package. Banks want and need to see two sources of repayment, i.e.,
> cash flow from the business and a secondary source such as collateral.
> For a new business, the cash flow data is reflected in your business
> plan through a thorough explanation of how the business will be able
> to repay the loan. For an established business, the bank will examine
> the business's financial statements, which reflects both cash inflows
> and outflows. If the business has consistently made a profit and that
> profit can cover the payment of additional debt, then it is likely
> that the loan will be approved. If, however, the business has been
> operating marginally and now has a new opportunity to grow of if that
> business is a start-up, then it is necessary to prepare a thorough
> loan package with detailed explanation addressing how the business
> will be able to repay the loan.
>
> \(3\) Collateral is typically the second source of repayment for which
> financial institutions look on loan applications. Collateral are those
> personal and business assets that can be sold to pay back the loan.
> Every loan program, even many mciroloan programs, requires at least
> some collateral to secure a loan. If the potential borrower has no
> collateral to secure a loan, he or she will need a co-signer who has
> collateral to pledge. Otherwise it may be difficult to obtain a loan.
>
> \(4\) Equity applies on a loan application for established businesses
> only. Financial institutions want to see a certain amount of equity in
> a business. Equity can be built up in a business through retained
> earnings or the injection of cash from either the owner or investors.
> Most banks what to see that the total liabilities or debt of a
> business is not more than 4 times the amount of equity.

8.  **What procurement programs exist for non-service disabled
    veterans?**

> There are no special procurement programs for non-service disabled
> veterans. As a result, small business concerns owned and controlled by
> veterans must complete as all other small business owners for
> government contracts that are not part of specified set-aside
> programs, such as 8(a), HUBZone, Small Disadvantaged Business,
> service-disabled veterans and women-owned businesses

9.  **How do I secure a federal contract?**

> The key to securing a federal contract stems primarily from how
> effectively you market your small business. Being on the GSA Schedule
> or in the CCR does not necessarily mean that by default you will
> secure a federal contract. You have to establish working relationships
> with the appropriate contracting officer(s) and market your product
> and services to them. They need to be aware of your business, what
> products or services you offer, performance capabilities, and business
> references.
>
> Your marketing program should include conventional marketing
> techniques, such as a professionally generated brochure, business
> cards, networking, letters of introduction sent periodically to
> contracting officers in the federal agencies with which you desire to
> do business, cold calls to introduce yourself to the contracting
> officer(s) and schedule an appointment to meet with them and introduce
> yourself, advertisements in the various media (print, radio,
> television -- extremely expensive; use only when affordable) and
> e-business advertising --development/maintenance of a website,
> meta-tags, affiliate programs, trade links, testimonials, etc, e-zines
> (electronic or Internet-based magazines).

10. **How do I identify procurement opportunities with a specific
    agency, such as DLA?**

> To identify procurement opportunities with a federal government
> agency, you will need to work directly with that Agency. This requires
> that you establish a working relationship with contracting officer
> through introduction and assistance from the OSDBU specialist or small
> business specialist within that Agency. To identify the OSDBU
> specialist or small business special with in a specific government
> agency, go to the respective agency's website and browse through the
> programs hyperlink, which should provide a brief summary and mission
> of each program office. Locate the link for the OSDBU or SB Office.

**11. Is a formal certification required from the SBA, or any other
federal agency,to participate in the SDVOSBC procurement program?**

> No. A SDVOSBC will be able to "self-represent" its status as a SDVOSBC
> to the contracting activity as part of its offer. However, for sole
> source procurements, the SBA or the contracting officer may protest
> the proposed awardee's service-disabled veteran status, and for
> competitive set-asides, any interested party may protest the apparent
> successful offeror's SDVOSBC status.

**12. What are the basic requirements for business concerns to
participate in the**

**SDVOSBC procurement program?**

-   The SDVOSBC must be a small business;

    -   51 percent of the SDVOSBC must be unconditionally and directly
        owned by one or more service-disabled veterans; and

    -   The management and daily business operations of the SDVOSBC must
        be controlled by one or more service-disabled veterans (or in
        the case of a veteran with permanent and severe disability, the
        spouse or a permanent caregiver of such veteran).

**13. What is SBA\'s definition of a small business concern?\
**

> A small business is a concern that is organized for profit, with a
> place of business in the United States, and which operates primarily
> within the United States or makes a significant contribution to the
> U.S. economy through payment of taxes or use of American products,
> materials or labor.  Further, the concern cannot be dominant in its
> primary field, on a national basis.  Finally, the business concern's
> size can not exceed the size standard established for its industry in
> the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code. The
> most common size standards are as follows:

-   **[Construction]{.underline}** -- General building and heavy
    construction contractors have a size standard of \$28.5 million in
    average annual receipts.  Special trade construction contractors
    have a size standard of \$12 million. 

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-   **[Manufacturing]{.underline}** -- For approximately 75 percent of
    the manufacturing industries, the size standard is 500 employees.  A
    small number have a 1,500 ­employee size standard and the balance
    have a size standard of either 750 or 1,000 employees. 

-   **[Mining]{.underline}** -- All mining industries, except mining
    services, have a size standard of 500 employees. 

-   **[Retail Trade]{.underline}** -- Most retail trade industries have
    a size standard of \$6 million in average annual receipts.  A few,
    such as grocery stores, department stores, motor vehicle dealers and
    electrical appliance dealers, have higher size standards.  None are
    above \$24.5 million. 

-   **[Services]{.underline}** -- For the service industries, the most
    common size standard is \$6 million in average annual receipts. 
    Computer programming, data processing and systems design have a size
    standard of \$21 million.  Engineering and architectural services
    have different size standards, as do a few other service
    industries.  The highest annual receipts size standard in any
    service industry is \$30 million.  Research and development and
    environmental remediation services are the only service industries
    with size standards stated in number of employees. 

-   **[Wholesale Trade]{.underline}** -- When acting as a dealer on
    Federal contracts the small business size standard is 500 employees.
    In addition, on procurement set-aside for small business over
    \$25,000, the firm must deliver the product of a small domestic
    manufacturer, as set forth in SBA's non-manufacturer rule, unless
    waived by the SBA for a particular class of product.  However, for
    those procurements made under the Simplified Acquisition Procedures
    of the FAR and where the purchase does not exceed \$25,000, the
    non-manufacturer may deliver the goods of any domestic
    manufacturer. 

-   **[Other Industries]{.underline}** -- Other industry divisions
    include: Agriculture; transportation, communications, electric, gas,
    and sanitary services; and finance, insurance and real estate. 
    Because of wide variation in the structure of the industries in
    these divisions, there is no common pattern of size standards.  For
    specific size standards refer to the size regulations in
    13 CFR § 121.201 or the table of small business size standards. 

**14. Who is a service-disabled veteran?**

> A service-disabled veteran is a person who served in the active
> military, naval, or air service, and who was discharged or released
> under conditions other than dishonorable, and whose disability was
> incurred or aggravated in line of duty in the active military, naval,
> or air service.
>
> The definitions of the terms "veteran" and "service-disabled veteran"
> are derived from Title 38 U.S.C. § 101.

**15. What percentage of a concern must be owned by a service-disabled
veteran for it to be qualified as a SDVOSBC?**

> At least 51 percent of the small business concern must be directly and
> unconditionally owned by service-disabled veteran(s).
>
> In the case of a small business concern which is a partnership, at
> least 51 percent of every class of partnership interest must be
> unconditionally owned by one or more service-disabled veterans. The
> ownership must be reflected in the small business concern\'s
> partnership agreement.
>
> In the case of a small business concern which is a limited liability
> company, at least 51 percent of each class of member interest must be
> unconditionally owned by one or more service-disabled veterans.
>
> In the case of a small business concern which is a corporation, at
> least 51 percent of each class of voting stock outstanding and 51
> percent of the aggregate of all stock outstanding must be
> unconditionally owned by one or more service-disabled veterans.
>
> Stock options, held by non service-disabled veterans, are given
> present effect. Any unexercised stock options or similar agreements
> held by service-disabled veterans will be disregarded. However, any
> unexercised stock options or similar agreements (including rights to
> convert non-voting stock or debentures into voting stock) held by
> non-service-disabled veterans will be treated as exercised.

**16. Who does SBA considered to control a SDVOSBC?**

> Control is not the same as ownership, although both may reside in the
> same person. Control is regarded as including both the strategic
> policy setting exercised by boards of directors and the day-to-day
> management and administration of business operations. A SDVOSBC's
> management and daily business operations must be conducted by one or
> more service-disabled veterans, or in the case of a veteran with a
> permanent and severe disability, the spouse or permanent caregiver of
> such veteran.
>
> Service-disabled veterans managing the service-disabled veteran owned
> small business concern must have managerial experience of the extent
> and complexity needed to run the service-disabled veteran owned small
> business. However, a service-disabled veteran individual need not have
> the technical expertise or possess a required license to control a
> service-disabled veteran owned small business concern if he or she has
> ultimate managerial and supervisory control over those who possess the
> required licenses or technical expertise.
>
> Finally, a service-disabled veteran, or in the case of a veteran with
> a permanent and severe disability, the spouse or permanent caregiver
> of such veteran, must hold the highest officer position in the
> concern.

-   Control over a partnership -- in the case of a partnership, one or
    more service-disabled veterans, or in the case of a veteran with a
    permanent and severe disability, the spouse or permanent caregiver
    of such veteran, must serve as general partners with control over
    all partnership decisions.

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-   Control over a limited liability company -- in the case of a limited
    liability company, one or more service-disabled veterans, or in the
    case of a veteran with a permanent and severe disability, the spouse
    or permanent caregiver of such veteran, must serve as managing
    members with control over all decisions of the limited liability
    company.

-   Control over a corporation -- in the case of a corporation, one or
    more service-disabled veterans, or in the case of a veteran with a
    permanent and severe disability, the spouse or permanent caregiver
    of such veteran, must control the Board of Directors.

**18. How does SBA view the management and daily business operations of
a SDVOSBC controlled by the spouse or permanent caregiver of a veteran
with permanent and severe disability?**

> The management and daily business operations of an SDVOSBC may be
> controlled by a spouse or permanent caregiver (the spouse, or an
> individual, 18 years of age or older, who is legally designated, in
> writing, to undertake responsibility for managing the well-being of
> the service-disabled veteran) of a service-disabled veteran with a
> permanent and severe disability (a veteran with a service-connected
> disability that has been determined by the U.S. Department of Veterans
> Affairs to have a permanent and total disability for purposes of
> receiving disability compensation or a disability pension).

**19. What documentation should I have to confirm my status as a
service-disabled veteran?**

> Contact the National Archives and Records Administration at
> **[http://www.archives.gov](http://www.archives.gov/)** to request
> certified copies of your Department of Defense discharge papers that
> demonstrates a service-incurred disability. Additionally, if you have
> been adjudicated by the Department of Veterans Affairs as having a
> service-connected disability, contact your local VA regional office
> for appropriate documentation.