g\]kfn

;+ljwfgn\] gful/snfO{ wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 / ;/sf/n\] klg
Jojxf/df To; gful/s clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg g} u/\]sf\] kfOPsf\] 5 . ;+ljwfgn\]
b\]znfO{ ...lxGb\" clw/fHoÚsf\] ?kdf k\|:t\'t u/\]sf\] 5 tfklg
lxGb\"wd{nfO{ /fHosf\] wd{ eg\]/ tf\]s\]sf\] 5}g . ;/sf/n\] cGo wfld{s
;d\"xsf wfld{s lqmofsnfkdf x:tIf\]k u/\]sf\] ;fdfGotM b\]lvFb}g /
;du\|df wfld{s ;lxi0f\'tfsf\] kfng g} ePsf\] kfOPsf\] 5 . s\]xL s\'/fdf
eg\] aGb\]h nfu\]sf\] kfOG5 .

o; k\|ltj\]bgn\] ;d\]6\]sf\] cjlwdf g\]kfndf wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] l:yltdf
kl/jt{g cfPsf\] b\]lvPg / ;/sf/sf\] gLlt wfld{s lqmofsnfknfO{ :jtGq?kdf
rfn\" /xg lbg\] b\[li6sf\]0faf6} ;\~rflnt /x\\of\] . clk\|n @))\^ df
/fhf 1fg\]Gb\|n\] zlQm /fhgLlts bnnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/\]kl5 k\'gM axfn
ul/Psf\] ;+;b\\n\] g\]kfnnfO{ wd{lg/k\]If /fHo 3f\]if0ff u/\\of\] . t/
wfld{s :jtGqtfnfO{ c;/ kg\]{u/L P\]g, sfg\"gdf kl/jt{g eg\] ul/Pg .

@)\$& ;fnsf\] ;+ljwfgsf\] wf/f !( df ls6fg;fy n\]lvPsf\] 5 M ...k\|To\]s
JolQmnfO{ k\|rlnt k/Dk/fsf\] dof{bf /fvL ;gftgb\]lv rlncfPsf\]
cfkm\\gf\] wd{sf\] cjnDag / cEof; ug\]{ :jtGqtf x\'g\]5 . t/ s;}n\]
s;}sf\] wd{ kl/jt{g ug{ kfpg\] 5}g .Ú o;k\|sf/ wdf{Gt/0fnfO{ eg\]
k\|efjsf/L 9ª\\un\] aGb\]h nufOPsf\] 5 .

cNk;+Vos wfld{s ;d\'bfosf ;b:on\] obfsbf k\|x/Låf/f ;tfOPsf\] lzsfot
u/\]sf 5g\\ .

;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n\] ltAatL ;d\'bfosf sltko ;fj{hlgs ;df/f\]xnfO{
:yfgxbdf /fVb} lgolGqt u/\]sf 36gfx? ePsf 5g\\ . vf; u/\]/ /fhgLlts cy{
nfUg\] lsl;d\\sf cj;/x? o; k\|;ª\\udf k\|efljt /xg\] u/\]sf\] kfOof\] .
;/sf/n\] ltAatL z/0ffyL{x?sf\] x\]/ljrf/ ug\]{ ;+:yfnfO{ btf{ gjLs/0f
ug\]{ cg\'dlt lbPg g t lgjf{l;t wfld{s g\]tf bnfO{ nfdfsf\] k\|ltlglwTj
ug\]{ sfof{nonfO{ g} k\~hLs/0f ug{ lbOof\] . oL b\'j} sfof{no ;g\\ @))%
df aGb ul/P / aGb ul/g\'sf\] sf/0f tL lgsfon\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf\]
k\~hLs/0f ;DaGwL gLlt, lgodx?sf\] kfng u/\]gg\\ eGg\] bfaLdf cfwfl/t
/x\] .

;dfhdf /x\]sf wfld{s ;d\"xx?aLr ;fdfGotM ;f}xfb{k\"0f{ ;DaGw /xgfn\]
To;af6 wfld{s :jtGqtf sfod /fVg ;3fp k\'Ug uof\] . g\]kfndf ePsf
leGg--leGg wfld{s dtsf ;d\"xx? zflGtk\"0f{?kdf a;\]sfn\] ;a} k\|sf/sf
wfld{s :ynsf\] kljqtfk\|lt ;a} kIfaf6 ;Ddfgefj sfod /x\\of\] . wd{
kl/jt{g u/L csf\]{ wfld{s dtdf k\|j\]z ug\]{x?dfly lx+;fTds Jojxf/ ePsf
kmf6\\6km\'6\\6 36gf / ;fdflhs alxisf/df k/\]sf Psfw 36gfafx\]s wd{
kl/jt{g u/\]sfx?n\] cfkm\\gf\] kl/jlt{t dfGotfaf/\] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf eGg,
af\]Ng 8/fpg\' k/\]g .

cd\]l/sL ;/sf/n\] g\]kfnsf\] ;/sf/l;t dfgj clwsf/ k\|j4{gsf\] Jofks
kl/j\]zdf wfld{s :jtGqtf;DaGwL dfldnfaf/\] klg 5nkmn ug\]{ u/\]sf\] 5 .
cd\]l/sL b\"tfjf;n\] lgoldt tj/n\] ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug\]{ u/\]sf wfld{s
;d\"xdf lxGb\", af}4, ox\'bL tyf cGo wdf{jnDaL ;d\"xx? kb{5g\\ .

**v08 Ps M wfld{s hg;+Vof--3gTj**

g\]kfnsf\] If\]qkmn %\$#\^# ju{ dfOn 5 / oxfF b\'O{ s/f\]8 &) nfv
dflg;sf\] a;f\]af; /x\]sf\] cg\'dfg ul/G5 . cg\'dflgt cfFs8f cg\';f/,
hg;+Vofsf\] \*! k\|ltzt efu lxGb\"x?n\] cf\]u6\]sf 5g\\ . af}4dfuL{
-clwsf+z ltAatL d\"nsf\_ !! k\|ltzt, d\';ndfg -h;df ;\'GgL ;Dk\|bfosf\]
afx\'No 5\_ \$=@ k\|ltzt, ls/fFt wd{ -:jb\]zf\]TkGg / k\|fs\[lts\_ / cGo
wd{sf cg\'ofoL \$ k\|ltzt 5g\\ . o;} ...cGoÚ \$ k\|ltztsf\] )=\$%
k\|ltztdf O{;fO{{x? kb{5g\\ . O{;fO{{ ;Dk\|bfox? yf\]/} 5g\\ t/ a9\\g\]
qmddf 5g\\ . O{;fO{{ ;d\'bfosf g\]tfx?sf cg\';f/ O{;fO{{ wdf{jnDaLx?sf\]
s\'n ;+Vof sl/j \$ nfv 5 . k\|\];df cfPsf ljj/0fx?n\] sf7df8f}+df dfq
!&) luhf{3/ -rr{\_ ePsf\] b\]vfpF5 . cGo wfld{s ;d\"xx?sf\] hg;+Vof
cr\]n slt k\|ltztn\] j\[l4 e}/x\]sf\] 5 Tof\] hfGg ;lhnf\] 5}g .
cl3Nnf\] kN6sf\] hgu0fgf ;g\\ @))! df ePsf\] lyof\] . b\]zdf @) xhf/
ltAatL af}4dfuL{ z/0ffyL{x? a;f\]af; ul//x\]sf 5g\\ .

wd{ k\|rf/--kl/jt{g u}/sfg\"gL sfo{ xf\] . t;y{ g\]kfndf cf}krfl/s ?kdf
ld;g/Lx? 5}gg\\ .

**v08 b\'O{ M wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] l:ylt**

***sfg\"gL--gLltut cfwf/***

;+ljwfgn\] wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] k\|fjwfg /fv\]sf\] 5 / ;a} wd{sf
cg\'ofoLnfO{ cf--cfkm\\gf\] wfld{s s\[To ug\]{ cg\'dlt lbPsf\] 5 . tyflk
aGb\]hsf s\]xL a\'Fbfx? klg 5g\\ . k\'gM axfn ePsf\] ;+;b\\n\] ;g\\
@))\^ sf\] d\] dlxgfdf g\]kfnnfO{ wd{lg/k\]If /fHo 3f\]if0ff u/\\of\] .
t/ o; k\|ltj\]bgn\] ;d\]6\]sf\] ;dodf g\]kfnsf\] ;+ljwfgnfO{ tbg\'?k
;+zf\]wg eg\] ul/Psf\] 5}g / ;+ljwfgn\] g\]kfnnfO{ ...lxGb\" clw/fHoÚs}
?kdf lrgf/L u/fO/x\]sf\] 5 . olt x\'Fbfx\'Fb} klg lxGb\"jfbnfO{ /fHosf\]
wd{rflxF elgPsf\] 5}g . ;+ljwfgn\] ;a} wfld{s ;d\"xsf\] wd{;DaGwL
clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f lbPsf\] 5 . o;sf\] nflu x/\]s JolQmnfO{ ...k\|rlnt
k/Dk/fsf\] dof{bf /fvL ;gftgb\]lv rlncfPsf\] cfkm\\gf\] wd{sf\] cjnDag /
cEof; ug\]{ :jtGqtfÚ sf\] k\|Tofe\"lt u/\]sf\] 5 . ;fy;fy} ;+ljwfgdf
...s;}n\] s;}sf\] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg kfpg\] 5}gÚ eGg\] k\|fjwfg klg
/flvPsf\] 5 .

;+j}wflgs Joj:yf d\'tfljs /fHon\] cfkm\\gf gful/sdfly hftsf\] cfwf/df
e\]befj ug\]{ 5}g . ...s\'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hfltkftLsf cfwf/df
5\'jf5\"tsf\] e\]befj ul/g\] jf ;fdflhs :yndf pkl:yt x\'g jf ;fj{hlgs
pkof\]usf s\'/fx?sf\] k\|of\]u ug{af6 jl\~rt ul/g\] 5}g . To:tf\] sfo{
sfg\"g adf\]lhd b08gLo x\'g\]5 .Ú of\] ;+ljwfgdf pNn\]v ePsf\] Joj:yf
xf\] . ;g\\ @))@ sf\] dfr{ dlxgfdf ;/sf/n\] Pp6f /fli6«o blnt cfof\]u
u7gu/L blnt -ljutdf ...c5\"tÚ elgPsf\_ x?nfO{ ;+/If0f lbg / ltgsf\]
clwsf/sf\] kIfdf k\|j4{g x\'g\] sfo{x? ug{ To;nfO{ lhDd\]jf/L lbof\] .
;a} blntx?sf\] :t/ prfn\]/ /fi6« lgdf{0fsf\] sfo{df blnt ;d\'bfosf\]
;lqmo ;xeflutf ;\'lglZrt u/fpg\] cfzon\] cfof\]u u7g eof\] . gjul7t
cfof\]un\] o; p2\]Zo k\|flKtsf\] nflu blnt clwsf/sf\] nflu sfg\"gL /
gLltut Joj:yfx? th\'{df ug{ kfpF5 . To:t}, g\]kfn kIf ePsf cGt/f{li6«o
;xdlt / ;Demf}tfx?sf\] kfngf ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug\]{ sfo{ /fli6«o
blnt cfof\]un\] ug{ kfpF5 . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf -Pg\\= hL= cf\]=\_ x?n\]
blnt pTyfgsf\] nflu ;\~rfng u/\]sf\] sfo{x?sf\] cg\'udg / ;+of\]hg klg
blnt cfof\]usf\] sfo{If\]qdf kb{5 . ;fdflhs e\]befj / c5\"t eGg\]
k\|rngsf\] cGTo ug\]{ x\]t\'n\] ;fdflhs hfu/0fsf sfo{qmdx? ;\~rfng ug\]{
bfloTj klg blnt cfof\]un\] kfPsf\] 5 . k\|\]; / k\|sfzg ;DaGwL P\]gn\]
ljleGg hfthflt / wfld{s ;d\'bfox?aLr ljå\]if km}nfpg\] lsl;d\\sf ;fdu\|L
k\|rf/--k\|;f/df aGb\]h nufPsf\] 5 .

lxGb\" ax\';+Vosx?nfO{ kIfkft x\'g\]u/L vf; sfg\"gx? agfOPsf\] 5}g . g t
lxGb\"jfbsf\] cleJolQmnfO{ ;/sf/n\] lgoGq0fdf g} /fv\]sf\] 5 .

wfld{s ;d\"xx?nfO{ btf{ jf k\~hLs/0f clgjfo{ 5}g t/ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf
-Pg\\=hL=cf\]=\_ x?nfO{ btf{ clgjfo{ 5 . /, ;+ljwfgn\] wd{ k\|rf/
wdf{Gt/0fnfO{ u}/sfg\"gL 3f\]lift u/\]sf\] x\'gfn\] ;/sf/n\] u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx?nfO{ vf; wfld{s ;d\"x hgfpg\] zAbx? ePsf ;+:yfut gfdx? btf{ ug{
cK7\]/f\] dfg\]sf\] b\]lvG5 . otf O{;fO{{ ;+:yfx?sf\] syg s\] /xg\]
u/\]sf\] 5 eg\] btf{ k\|lqmof dxTjk\"0f{ 5 lsgeg\] btf{ geP;Dd ltgn\]
hdLg lsGg / :jfldTj lng kfpFb}gg\\ . /, hdLg geO{sg luhf{3/\
-rr{\_ / cGTo\]li6sf 7fpFx?sf\] aGbf\]a:t ug{ ;lsFb}g . t/ o:tf\] lzsfot
jf bfaL cGo u}/lxGb\" ;d\"xx?n\] u/\]sf 5}gg\\ .

wd{ k\|rf/--kl/jt{g u}/sfg\"gL sfo{ ePsf\] x\'gfn\] cf}krfl/s ?kdf
g\]kfndf ld;g/Lx? 5}gg\\ . k/Gt\' w\]/} bzsb\]lv oxfF bh{gf}+ ld;g/L
c:ktfn, sNof0fsf/L ;+:yf Pj+ ljBfnox? ;\~rflnt x\'Fb}cfPsf 5g\\ . oL
;+:yfx?n\] wdf{Gt/0fsf\] sfo{ u/\]sf 5}gg\\ t/ cGo lx;fan\] :jtGq ?kn\]
sfd ub}{cfPsf 5g\\ . dfWolds :t/sf\] lzIffdf ld;g/L :s\"nx?sf\] :yfg
;Ddfghgs /lxcfPsf\] 5 . ;/sf/L lgsfo / Jofkfl/s ;d\'bfodf sfo{/t sltko
lzlIft, ;De\|fGt JolQmx? h\];\'O6 dfWolds ljBfnosf ;kmn 5fq--5fqf xg\\ .
ld;g/L ljBfno / c:ktfndf sfd ug\]{ ljb\]zL sfdbf/x?n\] g\]kfn k\|j\]z
ubf{ :yfgLo ;+:yf cyjf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k\|fljlws
sfdbf/sf\] k\|j\]zf1fsf\] nflu ;DalGwt ljBfno / c:ktfnn\] lhDdf lnO{
l;kmfl/z ug\]{ u/\]sf\] kfOG5 . o:tf ljb\]zL sfdbf/x? wd{ kl/jt{gsf\]
ultljlwdf ;+nUg /x\]sf\] km\]nf kbf{ b\]zlgsfnf u/\]sf\] clen\]v e\]l6G5
. cyf{t\\ ;/sf/n\] o; ;DaGwL P\]g--sfg\"g cWofudgsf\] l;nl;nfdf k\|of\]u
u/\]sf\] 5 . w\]/}j6f ljb\]zL O{;fO{{ ;+:yfx?n\] :yfgLo rr{x?l;t l;wf
;Dks{ sfod ub}{ kfi6/x?nfO{ wfld{s k\|lzIf0fsf\] nflu ;d\'b\|kf/ n}hfg\]
Joj:yfsf\] k\|fof\]hg ub{5g\\ .

wfld{s lx;fan\] kljq 7xl/Psf sltko lbgnfO{ /fli6«o labfsf\] ?kdf dfGotf
lbPsf\] 5 . o;dWo\] clwsf+z lxGb\" wd{l;t kljq lbgx? x\'g\\ . h:t}M
dxflzj/flq, a\'4hoGtL, kmfu\'k\"l0f{df, s\[i0ffi6dL, a8fbz}+ / ltxf/ .

;fj{hlgs -cyf{t\\ /fHon\] vr{ a\]xf\]g\]{\_ ljBfnodf wd{sf\] k7g--kf7g
xF\'b}g .

;/sf/n\] ljleGg wfld{s ;d\"xx?aLr cGt/--wfld{s ;dembf/L lgdf{0f
ug\]{af/\] s\'g} gLlt clVtof/ u/\]sf\] 5}g . Pp6f /fli6«o :t/sf\]
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf cGt/--wfld{s kl/ifb\\ g\]kfn -OG6/--l/lnlho; sfplG;n,
g\]kfn\_ n\] lxGb\", af}4dfuL{, d\';ndfg, O{;fO{{ / axfO{ dtsf\]
k\|ltlglwTj u/fO{ To;sf\] dfWodaf6 b\]zdf zflGtsf\] k\|j4{gsf nflu sfd
ul//x\]sf\]\
kfOof\] .

**wfld{s :jtGqtfdf aGb\]h**

ltAatL -ef\]6\_ d\"nsf af}4dfuL{x?n\] cfkm\\gf sfo{qmdx? ;\~rfng ubf{
cg\]s k\|sf/sf aGb\]hsf\] ;fdgf ug\'{k/\]sf\] 5. ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n\]
ltAatL wfld{s rf8--kj{nfO{ JolQm ljz\]ifsf\] lghL cfjf; If\]qdf dfq
dgfpg kfOg\] cj;/sf\] ?kdf :yfgxbdf /fVg\] u/\]sf\] kfOof\] . bnfO{
nfdfsf lrqx? af\]s\]/ af}4gfy :t\'k jl/kl/ kl/qmdf u/\]/ gofF jif{ dgfpg
vf\]Hg\] ltAatLx?sf\] of\]hgfnfO{ sf7df8f}+sf k\|x/Lx?n\] sfof{Gjog x\'g
lbPgg\\ . ;/sf/n\] gofF jif{, bnfO{ nfdfsf\] hGdf\]T;j, nf\]stGq lbj; /
cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj;nufotsf ;df/f\]xnfO{ s\'g} ljBfnosf\]
k\|fª\\u0f cyjf af}4--ljxf/sf\] xftfdf ;Lldt /fVg\'kg\]{ u/L
ltAatLx?nfO{ cfb\]z lbg\] u/\]sf\] 5 . ;g\\ @))% df g\]kfn ;/sf/n\]
bnfO{ nfdfl;t ;DalGwt t/ btf{ gePsf b\'O6f sfof{nonfO{ aGb u/fOlbof\] .
Pp6f bnfO{ nfdfsf\] k\|ltlglw a:g\] sfof{no / csf\]{ ltAatL z/0ffyL{
sNof0f sfof{no . ;/sf/sf\] egfOdf oL b\'O{n\] btf{ ;DaGwL k\|lqmof k\"/f
u/\]sf lyPgg\\ . o; k\|ltj\]bgsf\] ;dLIff cjlwdf ;/sf/n\] sNof0f sfof{no
/ lgjf{l;t wfld{s g\]tf bnfO{ nfdfsf k\|ltlglw a:g\] sfof{no ;\~rfng
x\'g lbPg . sNof0f sfof{non\] ;g\\ !(%( df bnfO{ nfdf ltAataf6 lg:s\]kl5
;Fu;Fu} b\]z 5f\]8L lxF8\]sfdWo\] g\]kfndf /x\]sf sl/j @) xhf/
z/0ffyL{sf\] x\]/ljrf/ ub}{ cfPsf\] lyof\] .

O{;fO{{ ;d\"xsf\] lzsfot ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n\] lhh;, afOan, lqmlZrog jf
rr{ h:tf zAbx? /fv\]/ gfdfs/0f ul/Psf ;+:yfx?nfO{ btf{ ul/lbPgg\\ eGg\]
ljifol;t ;DalGwt /xg\] u/\]sf\] 5 . oL O{;fO{{ ;d\"xn\] btf{ ge}sg hUuf
lsGg gkfOg\] / hUuf glslgsg cGTo\]li6 cyjf ;dflw:yn lgdf{0f ug\]{ 7fpF
gkfOg\] s\'/fsf\] u\'gf;f\] ub{5g\\ . sltko ;d\"xn\] rflxF O{;fO{{
wd{l;t ufFl;Psf zAbx? lems\]/ ;+:yf btf{ u/fO{ cfkm\\gf wfld{s lqmofsnfk
rfn\" /fv\]sf 5g\\ . sltko O{;fO{{n\] sf7df8f}+df / df\]km;ndf
klxn}b\]lv /x\]sf lqmlZrog lrxfgdf d\"bf{ uf8\\g\] u/\]sf 5g\\ eg\]
s;}--s;}n\] bfx;+:sf/sf\] ljlw klg\
ckgfPsf 5g\\ .

dftf--lktfnfO{ cfkm\\gf s\]6fs\]6LnfO{ cfkm\"n\] /f\]h\]sf\] wd{af/\]
k9fpg /f\]s nufPsf\] kfOPg . o;/L k9\]sf lszf\]/ lszf\]/Ln\] sfnfGt/df
cfkm\\g} 9ª\\usf\] wfld{s hLjg latfpg\] cj;/ kfpg\] 5g\\ . @)\$& df hf/L
ePsf\] ;+ljwfgsf\] wf/f !!#=# df Pp6f o:tf\] k\|fjwfg /flvPsf\] 5 M--
......s\'g} /fhgLlts ;+u7g jf bnsf\] ;b:otf k\|fKt ug{ s\]jn wd{, hft,
hflt, efiff jf ln+usf\] cfwf/df g\]kfnL gful/spk/ e\]befjk\"0f{ aGb\]h
nufOPsf\] jf s\'g} /fhgLlts ;+u7g jf bnsf\] gfd, p2\]Zo, lrGx jf em08f,
wfld{s, ;fDk\|bflos jf b\]znfO{ ljvl08t ug\]{ k\|s\[ltsf\] /x\]5 eg\]
lgjf{rg cfof\]un\] To:tf\] ;+u7g jf bnnfO{ btf{ ug\]{ 5}g . ÚÚ

g\]kfnsf\] sfg\"gn\] Ps wd{k\|lt cf:yfjfg\\ dflg;nfO{ csf\]{ wd{df n}hfg
/ wd{ k\|rf/ ug{ lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5 . o;/L lgif\]w u/\]sf lqmofsnfkdf
nfUg\]x?nfO{ hl/jfgf, s}b x\'g\] sfg\"gL k\|fjwfg 5,+ ljb\]zL eP
b\]zlgsfnfdf klg kg{;S5 . h\]eP tfklg, JolQmut lx;fan\] s;}n\]
cfkm\\gf\] wfld{s dt -dfGotf\_ km\]g{ rfxG5 eg\] To; cfwf/df x\'g\]
wdf{Gt/0fnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf\] 5 . csf\]{tkm{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n\] cyjf
JolQm ljz\]ifn\] wd{ kl/jt{gsf\] ljifodf JolQm jf ;+:yfdfly d\'2f xfNg
;Sg\] k\|fjwfg sfod} /x\\of\] .

s\]xL O{;fO{{ ;d\"xx?n\] wd{ k\|rf/dfly k\|ltaGw nufpFbf u}/lxGb\"x?sf\]
wfld{s cleJolQm s\'l07t x\'g hfG5 eg\]/ lrGtf JoQm u/\]sf\]\
kfOPsf\] 5 . wd{ k\|rf/sf\] ljifodf ph\'/L k/\] ;/sf/n\] 5fgaLg u/fpg\]
u/\]sf\] 5 . oBlk o; k\|ltj\]bgsf\] ;dLIff cjlwdf wdf{Gt/0f cyjf wd{
k\|rf/sf\] cjlwdf sf\]xL klg bl08t ePg . @& clk\|n @))% sf lbg k\|x/Ln\]
Ps hf\]8LnfO{ kqmfp u/L s\]6fs\]6LnfO{ ha/h:tL wd{ kl/jt{g u/fPsf\]
cf/f\]kdf 5fglag u/fof\] . t/ kl5 tL bDktLnfO{ ( d\] @))% sf lbg l/xf
ul/of\] . ltgLx?dfly s\'g} d\'2f klg rnfOPg .

d\';ndfgsf wfld{s ljBfno -db/;f\_ lhNnf k\|zf;g sfof{nodf btf{ ul/g\'k5{
. - lhNnf k\|zf;g u\[xdGqfno dftxtsf\] lgsfo xf\] \_ . dl:hb btf{ ug\'{
kb{}g . t/ db/;fsf\] ;DaGwdf eg\] ;\~rfnsx?n\] cfkm\\g\' cfDbfgLsf\]
;\|f\]t b\]vfpg\] nufotsf\] ;\"rgf ;/sf/nfO{ lbg\' kg\]{5 . db/;fnfO{
;/sf/L cg\'bfg k\|fKt x\'Fb}g . s\]xL d\';ndfg g\]tfx?n\] o;nfO{
e\]befjsf/L Jojxf/ 7x/\\ofPsf 5g\\ . h\] eP tfklg btf{;DaGwL lgodx? Tolt
s8fOsf ;fy nfu\" ul/Psf\] 5}g . /, d\';ndfgx?nfO{ xh ug{ -tLy{ ug{\_
hfg\] s\'/fdf klg aGb\]h nufOFb}g . t/ ;/sf/n\] xh ug{ hfg\]
d\';ndfgnfO{ ljz\]if cfly{s ;xfotf eg\] lbg\]\
ub}{g .

;+ljwfgn\] hftsf\] cfwf/df ul/g\] e\]befjnfO{ jlh{t u/\]sf\] 5 . t}klg
hfltkftLsf s\'/fn\] ;dfhnfO{ k\|efljt kfg{ 5f\]8\]sf\] 5}g . x\'g t
;/sf/n\] hftkftsf\] cf8df x\'g\] e\]befjk\|lt 68\\sf/f\], ;+j\]bgzLntf
hgfpF5 / ...tNnf\] hftÚsf g/gf/LnfO{ dlGb/ k\|j\]z ug{ lbg\] ljifodf klg
sltko 7fpFdf kl/l:ylt ;\'w\|\]sf\] 5 . t}klg sltko :yfgdf lxGb\" dlGb/df
k\"hf/Lx?n\] blnt ;d\'bfosf dflg;nfO{ k\|j\]z ug{ glbPsf 36gf ePsf 5g\\
. tNnf\] hftsf dflg;n\] lzIff, /f\]huf/L, laxfjf/L nufotsf sltko cGo
dfldnfdf klg e\]befj vKg\' kl//x\]sf\] 5 . lxGb\"afx\]s cGo wfld{s
;d\'bfodf hfltkftLdf cfwfl/t e\]befj\
ul/Fb}g . lxGb\" dlGb/df k\|j\]z lbg\] ;DaGwdf ckgfOPsf k\|rngn\] blIf0f
Pl;of aflx/sf dflg;nfO{ leq k:g glbg\] u/\]sf\] klg obfsbf b\]lvG5 .
To;/L k\|j\]z gkfpg\] dflg; lxGb\" x\'g\] ;Defjgf klg sd} x\'G5 .

wfld{s ;flxTosf\] laqmL ljt/0f ug{ / To:tf s\[lt /rgfx? ;fydf /fVg
kfpg\] cj;/af6 s;}nfO{ jl\~rt ug\]{ rng 5}g .

;/sf/L ;\]jfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Ln\] rf8--kj{ ljbf lnP/ cfkm\\gf\]
3/--cfjf;df ;df/f\]x, pT;j ug{ kfpF5g\\ . o:tf\]df ;/sf/L x:tIf\]k
x\'Fb}g .

s\'g} vf; wfld{s ;d\"xdfly dfq nfu\" x\'g\] lx;fasf P\]g, lgod agfOPsf\]
5}g .

sf\]xL dflg; wfld{s sf/0fn\] s}bL jf aGbL ePsf\] hfgsf/L o; ;dLIffsf\]
cjlwdf kfOPg .

**ha/h:tL wdf{Gt/0f**

ha/h:tL wd{ kl/jt{g ug{ nufOof\] eGg\] lsl;dsf k\|fdfl0fs hfgsf/L o;
cjlwdf st}af6 cfPg . ckx/0fdf k/\]sf, ljb\]z nluPsf / cd\]l/sf kms{g
gkfPsf slnnf\] pd\]/sf cd\]l/sL gful/sx?dWo\]af6 klg s;}nfO{ ha/h:tL wd{
kl/jt{g u/fOPsf\] 36gfaf/\] hfgsf/L k\|fKt ePg .

**cftª\\ssf/L ;+u7gaf6 x\'g\] kL8f**

g\]kfn sDo\'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf\]jfbL\_ cd\]l/sL ;/sf/sf\] ...cftª\\ssf/L
egL aflx/ kfg\'{kg\]{ km\]xl/:tÚdf kb{5 . of\] cWofudg / /fli6«otf
sfg\"g cGtu{t tof/ kfl/Psf\] ;\"rL xf\] . of\] sfo{sfl/0fL cfb\]z gDa/
!#@@\$ df ;d\]t kb{5 .

o; k\|ltj\]bgsf\] ;dLIff cjlwdf dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLn\] b\]zsf s\]xL
efudf wfld{s :jtGqtfnfO{ s\'l07t t\'NofP . sltko ljBfnodf dfcf\]jfbLsf\]
...hg--k\~rfª\\uÚ cg\';f/ sfo{tflnsf agfOg\] / To;df rf8--kj{ ljbf
glbOg\] u/\]sf\] hfgsf/L a/f\]a/ cfO/x\] . slxn\]sfxLF dfcf\]jfbLn\]
wfld{s ;+:yfsf cfug--k\|fª\\u0f dfcf\]jfbL lzIff k\|lzIf0fdf nufpg dfu
ug\]{ u/\]sf\] b\]lvof\] . /, o:tf\]df dfcf\]jfbLsf dfu k\"/f geP
ToxfFsf\] ejgd} tfNrf nufOlbg\] u/\]sf\] kfOof\] .

dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLn\] lxGb\" dlGb/x?df cfqmd0f u/\]sf / lxGb\"
k\'/f\]lxtx?nfO{ ;tfPsf 36gf ;DaGwL va/ klg a\]nf--avt ljleGg 7pFx?af6
cfO/x\] .

...g\];gn rr\]{h km\]nf\]lzk ckm g\]kfnÚ gfds O{;fO{ ;+:yfn\] lbPsf\]
hfgsf/L cg\';f/, dfcf\]jfbLx?n\] wflbª / ;\'v\]{t ;d\]t sltko lhNnfdf
rr{af6 gub rGbf ha/h:tL p7fPsf lyP . sltko 36gfdf dfcf\]jfbLn\] cfkm\\gf
dfu k\"/f gu/\] rr{sf\] ef}lts ;DklQ gi6 ul/lbg\] / rr{sf ;b:ox?dfly
abnf lng\] wDsL lbPsf\] hfgsf/L cfof\] .

;g\\ @))\$ sf\] !& d\]sf lbg Ps x\'n dfcf\]jfbLn\] tt\\sfnLg zfxL
g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf Ps k\'/f\]lxtnfO{ /fd\]5fk lhNnfaf6 ckx/0f u/\],+
lghnfO{ s\]xL lbg aGbL agfP/ /fv\] / kl5 ;s\'zn l/xf ul/lbP .

!@ ;\]K6\]Da/ @))\$ sf lbg dfcf\]jfbLn\] kf\]v/fsf\] ;\]G6 hf\];\]km
ljBfnodf ad lj:kmf\]6g u/fP,+ ljBfno aGb u/fOof\] . ljBfnosf %%!
ljBfyL{dWo\] clwsf+z ljkGg ;d\'bfosf lyP . t/ o; 36gfaf/\] st} s\'g}
ph\'/L k/\]g .

;\]K6\]Da/ @))\$ s} s\'/f\] xf\], dfcf\]jfbL wDsLsf sf/0f ;+v\'jf;ef
lhNnfsf @! j6f rr{ aGb ug\'{k/\\of\] .

@( l8;\]Da/ @))\$ sf lbg dfcf\]jfbLn\] c?0f a\'9fyf\]sLnfO{ uf\]nL
7f\]s\]/ df/\] . a\'9fyf\]sL lzj;\]gf g\]kfn gfds lxGb\" wfld{s
;+u7gsf\] afFs\], g\]kfnu\~hsf k\|d\'v lyP .

d\] @))% df ljZj lxGb\" kl/ifb\\sf\] g\]kfn zfvfsf cWoIf gf/fo0f
kf\]v/\]nsf\] ?kGb\]xL lhNnfdf xTof eof\] . Tof\] 7fpF sf7df8f}+af6 #))
lsnf\]ld6/ -!&% dfOn\_ 6f9f kb{5 . To; xTofsf\] lhDd\]jf/L tTsfn s;}n\]
lnPg t/ k\|x/Ln\] dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLsf\] ;+nUgtf /x\]sf\] cg\'dfg
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . To; 36gfsf\] 5fgaLg, sf/afxL s\]xL klg ePg .

@! ;\]K6\]Da/ @))% sf\] 36gf xf\] . wgs\'6f lhNnfsf\] d\'uf ufpFdf
/x\]sf\] /fdrGb\| dlGb/df Ps x\'n dfcf\]jfbL cfP/ cfqmd0f u/\],+
tf\]kmf\]8 eof\] .

ljBfnox?df cfqmd0f ug\]{ sfo{ lgoldt h:t} /x\\of\] . To;} qmddf
dfcf\]jfbLn\] lqmlZrog ljBfno, cgfyfno / 3/x?df xdnf u/L
s\]6fs\]6Lx?nfO{ ha/h:tL afn ;}lgs agfpg\] Wo\]on\] ultljlw ;\~rfng
ul//x\] .

**v08 tLg M ;dfhut b\'Jo{jxf/ / e\]befj**

g\]kfnsf ;a}h;f\] wfld{s ;d\"xx? k\|foM Ps--cfk;df ldn\]/ a:g\] ub{5g\\
/ ;a} k\|sf/sf wfld{s :ynk\|lt cfb/efj /fVb5g\\ . clwsf+z lxGb\"n\]
b\]ze/ 5l/P/ /x\]sf af}4 dlGb/k\|lt ;Ddfg hgfPem}+ af}4dfuL{x?n\] klg
lxGb\"x?sf kljq :ynk\|lt ;Ddfg k\|s6 ub{5g\\ . a\'4sf\] hGd:yn
dxTjk\"0f{ tLy{:yn xf\] eg\] a\'4sf\] hGdlbg /fli6«o labfsf\] lbg xf\] .

;\]K6\]Da/ @))\$ df O/fsL cftª\\ssf/Lx?sf\] Pp6f hTyfn\] O/fsdf sfd
ug\]{ !@ hgf g\]kfnL sfdbf/x?sf\] xTof u/\\of\] . To;sf\] kl/0ffd:j?k
sf7df8f}+df lx+;f e8\\lsof\] . b\]zsf cGo sltko efu klg k\|efljt /x\] .
dl:hb, d\';ndfgx?sf\] :jfldTjdf /x\]sf pBf\]u--Jofkf/ ;+:yfx?, j}b\]lzs
/f\]huf/Ldf g\]kfnLx?nfO{ k7fpg\] Dofgkfj/ ;+:yfx? / ;\~rf/u\[xx?nfO{
cfqmd0fsf\] tf/f\] agfOof\] . ;ft hgfsf\] Hofg uof\] tLdWo\] \$ d\';ndfg
ePsf\] ljZjf; ul/Psf\] lyof\] . lx+;fTds lqmofsnfksf\] nuQ}kl5
k\|wfgdGqLn\] Ps /fi6«JofkL ;Daf\]wgdfkm{t\\ gful/sx?nfO{ ;Dk\|bflos
lx+;f Tofu\]/ b\]zsf\] wfld{s d\]nldnfk sfod ug{ cfu\|x u/\] . ;/sf/n\]
5fgaLg t u/fof\] t/ sf\]xL kqmfp k/\]g . cfqmd0fdf k/\]sf Dofgkfj/
Ph\]G;Lx?nfO{ ;/sf/n\] Ifltk\"lt{ lbg\] lg0f{o u/\\of\] . 36gfsf\] s\]xL
lbgkl5 ljleGg wfld{s ;Dk\|bfosf g\]tfx?n\] sf7df8f}+df ;+o\'Qm ¥ofnL
cfof\]hgf u/\]/ cf--cfkm\\gf dtsf cg\'ofoLx?nfO{ wfld{s d\]nldnfk sfod
/fVg cfx\\jfg u/\] .

ljj\]Ro cjlwdf s\]xL O{;fO{ ;d\"xn\] xfn}sf jif{x?df lxGb\" cltjfb
rs\]{sf\] lzsfot u/\] . ltgLx?sf\] d\'Vo lrGtf ef/tsf\] lxGb\" /fhgLlts
kf6L lzj;\]gfsf g\]kfndf /x\]sf\
;Dks{--s\]Gb\|x?sf ultljlwdf s\]lGb\|t /x\\of\] . kz\'klt ;\]gf,
lzj;\]gf g\]kfn / g\]kfn lzj;\]gf o; k\|;+usf rlr{t gfd x\'g\\ .

;/sf/L gLlt lxGb\" cltjfbnfO{ ;dy{g ug\]{ lsl;dsf\] 5}g t}klg /fhgLltdf
;+nUg s\]xL JolQmx?sf ;fj{hlgs sygx? O{;fO{{ ld;g/L lqmofsnfkaf/\]
cfnf\]Ro x\'g\] u/\]sf\] kfOof\] . s\]xL gful/sx? O{;fO{{x?sf\] wd{
k\|rf/ / wd{ kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ultljlwaf6 lrlGtt eP / O{;fO{{ dtsf\] lj:tf/
x\'Fb} uPsf\]df c;Gtf\]if hgfpg k\'u\] . dfcf\]jfbLsf\] lgoGq0f /x\]sf
Onfsfx?af6 dfcf\]jfbLn\] O{;fO{ wfld{s lqmofsnfknfO{ bafpg\] u/\]sf
;dfrf/--;Gb\]z k\|fKt e}/x\\of\] . To; p2\]Zo k\|flKtsf nflu
dfcf\]jfbLn\] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ t;f{pg\] / ;tfpg\] tl/sf ckgfO/x\] .

cfkm\\gf\] wd{ 5f8\]/ c?sf\] wd{ ckgfpg\]x?dWo\] vf; u/\]/ O:nfd /
lqmlZrog dtdf hfg\] lxGb\"x? obfsbf ;fdflhs alxisf/df klg k/\]sf 5g\\ .
o:tf dflg; slxn\]sfxLF lxGb\" cltjfbL ;d\"xx?sf\] zq\'tf df\]Ng k\'U5g\\
/ e\]befjsf\] lzsf/ klg x\'G5g\\ . s;}--s;}n\] ufpF g} 5f\]8\\g\'
k/\]sf\] lyof\] . t/ of\] sfo{ s\'g} k\"jf{u\|xL jf of\]hgfa4 9ª\\uaf6
x\'g\]uYof\]{ eGg ldNb}g . tyflk a\]nf--avt Tof\] b\[li6sf\]0f s7f\]/
aGYof\] / To;n\] obfsbf lx+;fTds cfofd ;dfTg k\'UbYof\] . h\] k/\]klg
wd{ kl/jt{gstf{ eg\] ;fdfGotM lgeL{s /xg\] u/\]sf\] b\]lvof\] .
cfkm\\gf\] gofF wfld{s ;Da4tfsf\] s\'/f\] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf /fVgnfO{
ltgLx?n\] ;ª\\sf\]r dfg\]gg\\ .

;+ljwfgn\] o;k\|sf/sf e\]befjdf k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] 5, t}klg hfltkftLsf\]
k/Dk/fn\] ;dfhnfO{ k\|efljt kfg{ 5f\]8\]sf\] 5}g . ...tNnf\]Ú elgg\]
hftsf dflg; / blntx?k\|ltsf\] ;dfhut Jojxf/ e\]befjo\'Qm g} /x\\of\],+
Jofks / b\[9fu\|xL g} b\]lvof\] . ;/sf/n\] ;\'ljwfaf6 jl\~rt hflto
;d\'bfosf g/gf/Lsf\] xssf\] ;+/If0f u/f}+ eg\]/ oTg ubf{ub}{ klg
e\]befjhGo ;fdflhs Jojxf/sf k\|s/0f, k\|;+ux?df sdL cfPg .

l8;\]Da/ @))\$ sf\] 36gf xf\] . lrtjg lhNnfsf\] Pp6f lxGb\" dlGb/sf\]
Joj:yfkg ;ldltn\] ...tNnf\] hftÚsf dflg;nfO{ dlGb/ k\|j\]z ug{ glbg\]
k\|oTg u/\]kl5 k/\]sf\] em8kdf emG8} Ps bh{g 3fOt\] ePsf lyP .

\^ cS6f\]a/ @))% sf\] k\|;+u xf\] . l;/xfsf\] lbxLaf/ dlGb/df uO{
k\|fy{gf u/\]sf\]df b08 tf\]Sb} ...dflyNnf\] hftÚsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn\]
:yfgLo blntx?sf\] k;ndf uO{ lsgd\]n ug\]{ / wfgldndf uO{ s\'6fO--lk;fO
ug\]{ ...;\'ljwfÚ vf\]l;lbP . ;fj{hlgs ;\'ljwfsf\] pkef\]u ;fdfGotM
vf\]:g\
ldNb}g .

!# cS6f\]a/ @))%-- ;Kt/L lhNnfsf\] Pp6f ;fgf\] blnt a:tLsf ;a}
afl;GbfnfO{ Ps};fy c;/ kg\]{u/L ...dfYnf\]hftÚ sf dflg;x?n\] l;ª\\uf\]
ufpFdfly gfsfaGbL ul/lbP . lgx\'F lyof\] Pp6f pT;jdf 9f\]n ahfpg
kg\]{lyof\], t/ ...tNnf\] hftÚsfn\] ahfOlbPgg\\ . ;f6f\] km\]g\]{ w\"gdf
ufpFn\]x?n\] \^ kl/jf/sf blntnfO{ ;fj{hlgs af6f\] lxF8\\g /f\]s
nufpg\'sf;fy} :yfgLo wfg s\'6\\g\] ldn, cf}iflw k;n / ;fj{hlgs wf/fdf
ltgsf\] kx\'Fr /f\]lslbP .

@\^ l8;\]Da/ @))% . ;Kt/L lhNnfs} Pp6f dlGb/df Ps blnt ;lqmotfjfbLn\]
k\|j\]z ul/lbPkl5 ...dfYnf\] hftÚsf ufpFn\]x?n\] dlGb/ z\'4Ls/0f
;df/f\]xdf nfu\]sf\] vr{ lghn\] a\]xf\]g{\'kg\]{ u/L hl/jfgf tf\]s\] .

!\$ dfr{ @))\^ . e/tk\'/df Ps 3/wgLn\] P;=Pn=;L hfFr lbg\] qmddf
cfkm\\gf\] 3/df 8\]/f u/L a;\]sf\] dflg; blnt /x\]5 eGg\] yfxf kfPkl5
lghnfO{ 3/af6 lgsflnlbP . Tof\] blnt o\'js ToxfF b\'O{ ;ftf al;;s\]sf\]
lyof\] .

@! dfr{ @))\^ . ...dfYnf\] hftÚsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn\] lbkfonl:yt z}n\]Zj/L
dlGb/df k\|j\]z ug{ vf\]Hg\] blnt o\'jsx?nfO{ ltgsf\] rfxgf k\"/f x\'g
glbg dlGb/sf\] 9f\]sfdf tfNrf nufOlbP .

**v08 rf/ M cd\]l/sL ;/sf/sf\] gLlt**

cd\]l/sL ;/sf/n\] g\]kfn ;/sf/l;t wfld{s :jtGqtf ;DaGwL ljifox?df
;do--;dodf 5nkmn ubf{ oL s\'/fnfO{ dfgj clwsf/ k\|j4{gsf\] d\"n gLltsf\]
kl/k\|\]Iodf lnO{ ug\]{u/\]sf\] 5 . cd\]l/sL b\"tfjf;n\] lxGb\", O{;fO{,
af}4, ox\'bL, d\'l:nd / cGo wfld{s ;d\"xx?l;t ;Dks{ /fVg\] k\|rng sfod
/fVof\] . /, b\"tfjf;n\] wfld{s :jtGqtfnfO{ lgs6af6 cg\'udg ub}{
/x\\of\] . pko\'Qm cj;/x?df ;/sf/l;t ljifout a\'Fbfx? p7fpg 5f\]8\]g .
clk\|n @))\^ df b\"tfjf;n\] lqe\'jg ljZjljBfnosf Ps lzIfsnfO{
cGt/f{li6«o cfuGt\'s sfo{qmddf ;fd\]n u/fO{ cd\]l/sf e\|d0fdf cfdlGqt
u/\\of\] . lghn\] ...cd\]l/sfsf\] wfld{s ljljwtfÚsf\] cWoog ug\]{
cj;/sf\] pkof\]u u/\] .

**;dfKt**