# Implementation Plan: Deployment of Caribbean Broadband Stations for Improved Earthquake Monitoring and Tsunami Warning 

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## Draft: June 11, 2005

I. Introduction

The USGS will deploy by September 2006 nine new seismic stations to
support U.S. efforts to improve tsunami warnings in the Atlantic and
Caribbean region. Destructive earthquakes and tsunamis are known to be a
threat in the Caribbean causing damage, not only from inundation and
strong ground shaking, but also from liquefaction and extensive land
sliding. Installation of the new seismic stations will be a
collaborative effort involving member institutions of the Middle America
Seismograph Consortium (MIDAS) including: the United States Geological
Survey (USGS), the Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN), Seismic Research
Unit of the University of the West Indies, The Departamento de Fisica,
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, Instituto de
Geociencias,Universidad de Panama and other institutions in the region.
The following implementation plan outlines the roles and
responsibilities of the USGS and its collaborators as well as a
time-table for project completion by September 2006.

##### Summary of Proposed Stations

This following is a summary of the nine proposed station locations. For
planning purposes stations are divided into two groups, based on two
parameters: 1) local cooperating partner, which roughly correlates to
geographic region and, 2) the level of development required for
installation of the site. At this time the options are considered either
reoccupation and upgrade of an existing regional seismic station or, a
complete new build. We hope to reoccupy as many as seven existing
regional network short-period stations and thereby install as few as two
complete new stations. New stations will require more resources than an
upgrade of an existing station. This list is preliminary and is subject
to change depending on issues such as local site conditions, the quality
of existing and planned broadband stations, partner considerations and
local infrastructure. Detailed information is outlined below and mapped
in Figure 1.

Trinidad/Tebago (lat: 10.350 lon: -61.241) Figure 1

> Partner: Seismic Research Unit of the University of the West Indies in
> Trinidad.
>
> Development: equipment upgrade of existing short-period station.

Barbados (lat: 13.166 lon: -59.556) Figure 1

Partner: Seismic Research Unit of the University of the West Indies in
Trinidad.

Development: equipment upgrade of existing short-period station.

Antigua (lat: 1 7.566 lon: -61.795) Figure 1

Partner: Seismic Research Unit of the University of the West Indies in
Trinidad.

Development: equipment upgrade of existing short-period station.

Dominican Republic (lat: 19.016 lon: -71.145 15) Figure 1

Partner: Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN)

Development: equipment upgrade of existing short-period station.

Cuba, Guatnanamo Bay (lat: 19.983 lon: -75.196) Figure 1

Partner: USGS International Programs office

> Development: complete new station build.

Grand Cayman Islands (lat: 19.283 lon: -81.234) Figure 1

> Partner University of the West Indies, Mona

Development: equipment upgrade of existing short-period station.

Honduras (lat: 14.616 lon: -87.347) Figure 1

> Partner: The Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
> Honduras

Development: equipment upgrade of existing short-period station.

Panama (lat: 9.183 lon: -79.0769) Figure 1

Partner: Instituto de Geociencias,Universidad de Panama

Development: equipment upgrade of existing short-period station.

Turks and Caicos Islands (lat: 21.883 lon: -71.942) Figure 1

Partner: Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN)

> Development: complete new station build

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="7.975in" height="6.128472222222222in"}

**Figure 1:** Planned installations of the Caribbean Seismic project.
(*map by A. Tarr*)

**II. Identification of the Roles and Responsibilities of Participating
Organizations**

The upgrade and expansion of seismic monitoring in the Caribbean will be
a collaborative, international, multi-institutional effort led by the
USGS that will leverage existing network capabilities and infrastructure
in the region. A description of each participating institution, areas of
interest and/or responsibility, potential roles and detailed contact
information is provided.

**1. Caribbean Partners**

***Puerto Rico Seismic Network, University of Puerto Rico***

The 30-station Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN) was originally
established by the USGS in 1974. In 1987, the short period network was
transferred to the Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico at
Mayaguez. PRSN will help in coordinating the siting and installation of
a seismic station in the Dominican Republic (DRP Figure 1) and TKC in
the Turks and Caicos Islands (TKC Figure 1). The PRSN will play a
critical role in identifying local partners at least two stations and
evaluating the upgrading of at least three existing sites in the eastern
Caribbean in collaboration with the Seismic Research Unit of the
University of West Indies in Trinidad. The PRSN will be a major partner
in the project with significant involvement in at least five stations.

Contact: Christa G. von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Director of PRSN

> email: <christa@midas.uprm.edu>
>
> [http://redsismica.uprm.edu](http://redsismica.uprm.edu/)

***Seismic Research Unit of the University of*** ***the West Indies in
Trinidad.***

The Seismic Research Unit (SRU) is the governmental agency responsible
for monitoring earthquakes and volcanoes for the islands of the Eastern
Caribbean. SRU, in coordination with the USGS and PRSN, will evaluate
siting and upgrade-options for seismic stations on the Islands of
Antigua, Barbados and Trinidad/Tobago (ANT, BAR, TTB Figure 1).

Contact: Dr. Richard Robertson, Head of the SRU

> email: <richie_robertson@uwiseismic.com>
>
> phone: (868) 662-4659
>
> Lloyd Lynch, seismic engineer
>
> <http://www.uwiseismic.com/index.html>

#### Jamaican Seismic Network: University of the West Indies

#### 

#### Since the late 1960\'s, the University of the West Indies has operated the Jamaican Seismograph Network (JSN) on Jamaica and Grand Cayman Island. The USGS will pursue the identification, siting and permitting of a station on either Grand Cayman or Jamaica with full coordination with the JSN.

Contact: Margaret Wiggins-Grandison (Earthquake Unit, University of the
West Indies, Mona Campus)

> wwwlibrary.uwimona.edu.jm:1104/research%20day%202005/Earthquake%20Monitoring.doc

***Honduras***

To ensure comprehensive seismic monitoring coverage of the Caribbean
basin, the USGS plans to deploy seismic stations in Honduras and Panama.
These stations provide improved coverage of the Central America
subduction zone and western most Caribbean, and these new stations are
strategically located to compliment existing GSN stations in Mexico
(TEIG) and Costa Rico (JTS). The Departamento de Fisica, Universidad
Nacional Autonoma de Honduras presently operates five stations. The
intent is to coordinate with the Department on the possibility of
upgrading an existing station in the Tecucigalpa area.

Contact: Gonzalo Cruz-Calderon

> Departamento de Fisic, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras
>
> http://www.unah.hn

#### Panama

Instituto de Geociencias Universidad de Panama (UPAN) is a member of the
MIDAS consortium and operates a small number of stations in Panama. The
intent is to coordinate with the Department on the possibility of
upgrading an existing station in the Panama City area.

Contact: Eduardo Camacho

> INSTITUTO DE GEOCIENCIAS UNIVERSIDAD DE PANAMA
>
> Cel 675-0410 Fax 263-7671

http://www.igc.up.ac.pa

#### Cuba -- US military, Guantanamo Bay Naval Base

There are no existing seismic monitoring stations at Guantanamo Bay
Naval Base. The USGS will assume the primary role of siting and
installation of a station within the U.S. controlled portion of Cuba.
Coordination for the permitting and siting of the station will be done
through the USGS International Programs office and installation will be
done through one of the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program field offices.

Contact: Jean Weaver, USGS International Program Office, Reston, VA

<jweaver@usgs.gov>

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#### **2. USGS Participants**

This is a collaborative, multi-institutional effort led by the USGS GHT
in Golden, CO with participants from several different USGS offices. Due
to the rapid deployment requirements and funding limitations, we will
combine the resources of three USGS groups. By identifying USGS
expertise and utilizing properly we will maximize the efficiency and
productivity of this project. This is a unique approach in the USGS and
should be a good model for future inter-office collaborations.

***USGS Headquarters, Reston, VA***

The USGS International Programs Office will serve in a coordinating
role, facilitating interaction between USGS and host countries in the
Caribbean. These coordination activities will be focused both in the
Caribbean and in Washington D.C. to ensure wide-spread communication.
The International Programs Office will also help in the coordination
with U.S. agencies such as Department of State, NOAA, and Department of
Defense.

Personnel: Jean Weaver -- USGS International Programs

> Regional Specialist for Central America/ South America/Caribbean

***Geologic Hazards Team (GHT)***

The USGS Geologic Hazards Team will take lead responsibility on the U.S.
side for site identification, permitting, instrument procurement,
station installation, and station operation. To accomplish these tasks,
staff members from both the Golden, Colorado and Albuquerque, New Mexico
offices will participate. Responsibilities will be as follows: siting,
permitting, and instrument procurement will be the principal
responsibility of staff in Golden. Albuquerque and Golden field
engineers will both participate in station configuration, testing,
installation, and station operator training. Once the new stations are
installed, data will be telemetered to GHT's National Earthquake
Information Center (NEIC) in Golden, CO, where network architects will
reroute it to participating institutions and the NOAA tsunami warning
centers. Long-term operations and maintenance of the new stations will
fall under the responsibility of the Albuquerque Seismic Lab, which also
provides support for other Global Seismograph Stations (GSN) operating
in the region (e.g., TEIG, SDV, Figure 1); the nine new stations will be
managed as part of the GSN inventory.

Personnel: Dan McNamara -- Project Coordinator/procurement

> Jack Odum -- station siting and permitting
>
> Bob Hutt -- ASL Coordinator
>
> Mark Sharratt -- Honeywell, Field and Telecommunications Engineer

### USGS Western Region, Menlo Park, CA

We anticipate that the deployment/installation phase of this project
will require working on multiple stations simultaneously. For this
reason we will be dependent on the contributions of field engineers from
other USGS offices. The USGS office in Menlo Park, CA will contribute
field staff for the system integration and deployment of the Caribbean
network project.

Personnel - David Oppenheimer -- Northern California Seismic Network
Coordinator

Dave Croker -- Field Engineer

**3. Additional U.S. Government and International Partners**.

The seismic station deployment in the Caribbean is an international
effort led by the USGS with significant contribution required from
numerous network host nations and international institutions. The USGS
will coordinate planning with numerous institutions that have an
interest in the success of the Caribbean project. The following is a
list of U.S. government and international organizations that will be
included in all project coordination and planning.

###### National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -- NOAA

NOAA is responsible for the oceanic portion of the planned tsunami
warning and will be a major recipient user of the seismic data generated
from the planned nine stations in the Caribbean region. The Pacific
Tsunami Warning Center will act as the regional tsunami warning center
for the Caribbean and is consequently a critical partner. The primary
NOAA contact for USGS communications on the Caribbean will be Jeff
LaDouce.

***Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission- IOC of UNESCO***

***IOCARIBE*** ***--*** ***sub-commission for the Caribbean***

The IOC has been planning for a Caribbean Tsunami warning system for
several years. The USGS will coordinate high level planning with
IOCARIBE and it's member institutions through international meetings and
scientific presentations.

***Middle America Seismograph Consortium (MIDAS)***

The umbrella organization for seismology in the Caribbean region is the
Mid America Seismology Consortium (MIDAS). The USGS has a 10-year
partnership with MIDAS. Installation of the new seismic stations is a
collaborative effort that will involve coordination with and
contributions from several MIDAS member institutions.

###### Global Seismographic Network (GSN) Standing Committee

The standing committee of the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) has
presided over the installation of hundreds of high-quality broadband
seismic stations globally. The nine new Caribbean stations will be
affiliated with the existing GSN and all planning will be coordinated
through the GSN standing committee.

III\. Project Timeline and Tasking

In this section we describe a number of tasks and subtasks required to
complete the implementation by the end of September 2006. The dates are
preliminary and subject to change depending on the schedules of
individuals involved in the specifically identified subtasks. Some tasks
of each phase will be active concurrently.

Phase I: Pre-Deployment Planning and Coordination: May-August 2005

*Subtask 1:* *Identification of Participants -- May-July 2005.* Network
operators from participating institutions in the region will be
solicited to work closely with USGS staff to identify qualified
individuals who can contribute to the deployment of the Caribbean
stations.

*Subtask* *2:* *Organizing* *Meetings with Local Partners* *-- May-July
2005.* A critical objective for the Caribbean deployment is to develop a
strong, shared partnership with host countries in the region. To
accomplish this, the USGS must engage senior government officials from
the Caribbean nations and local seismic network operators very early in
the planning stages. To this end, USGS will either organize or
participate in a series of meetings to brief participating governments,
meet local contacts and participants, discuss deployment plans and
solicit expertise. The following is a list of meetings that are
currently identified. Representatives will be sent from the NEIC in
Golden and/or USGS headquarters in Reston, VA. Briefing materials will
also be prepared to facilitate these meetings. Currently identified
meetings are listed below.

> *Department of State Briefing -- May 17, 2005*
>
> Jean Weaver, USGS

*IOC-UNESCO,* *Mexico City* *Mexico,* *June 1-3, 2005*

> Jim Dewey and Jean Weaver, USGS
>
> *Washington D.C.* *Embassy Representative Meetings* *--* *May-July*
> *2005*
>
> Jean Weaver, USGS
>
> George Dragnet -- Oceans Environment and State
>
> Ambassadors and/or representatives from partner nations
>
> *Caribbean Geologic Conference, San Juan, Puerto Rico,* *July 17-21
> 2005*
>
> The USGS will coordinate with members of the PRSN and SRU to organize
> a Special Interest Group meeting to discuss planning and deployment of
> the proposed Caribbean stations. The purpose of this meeting will be
> to meet potential collaborators, present preliminary deployment plans,
> and to solicit ideas.

*Subtask 3: Public Relations and Information Dissemination*

*Prepare* *Fact sheet --* *June* *2005*

> An informal USGS information fact sheet will be prepared that provides
> an overview of the earthquake and tsunami hazards in the region, the
> rational for expanded seismic coverage, the opportunity to add or
> upgrade nine stations in the Caribbean basin, and the need for
> region-wide cooperation and coordination in the effort. A draft
> version will be available for review by May 25, 2005. Dan McNamara,
> GHT. We will work with David Green at NOAA to create a joint statement
> on the project.
>
> *Prepare* *Website --* *July* *2005*
>
> The USGS in Golden will lead in the creation of a project website. The
> website will be used to communicate the efforts of the group to
> interested parties, disseminate relevant information to all
> participants in the project, coordinate operations, and maintain the
> equipment inventory database.

Phase II. Station Siting and Permitting. Station location selection will
be based on numerous requirements including the type of development
required, as outlined by the separate subtasks below. All stations will
be evaluated on the following criteria:

1.  Vehicle accessibility.

2.  

2\. Site conditions such as proximity to bedrock and drainage.

3.  Security.

4.  Infrastructure (e.g., enclosure requirements, power, cultural noise
    sources).

5.  Availability of telecommunications, and satellite view.

6.  Availability of reliable AC power.

7.  Local contacts and maintenance personnel.

> *Subtask 1: Existing Station Identification and Evaluation:
> May-September* *2005*

In several cases we hope to reoccupy existing sites with upgraded
equipment and communications. Each existing site will undergo a thorough
evaluation based on the criteria discussed above. In several cases we
have real-time data and can review spectral plots and telemetry
statistics.

> (see
> <http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/staffweb/mcnamara/Projects/Caribbean.html>)
>
> *Subtask 2: New Station Characterization and Evaluation: August.
> 2005-Feb. 2006*
>
> In several cases we will be required to build new broadband seismic
> stations. The sites will be evaluated and chosen based on the criteria
> discussed above. Responsible USGS personnel will be Jack Odum and Dan
> McNamara.
>
> *Subtask 3: Obtain permits for sites.* Review memoranda of
> understanding (MOU) for esisting agreements with participating
> institutions. Responsible USGS personnel will be Jack Odum and Jean
> Weaver.

8.  
9.  
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

Phase III. Procurement of Equipment/Hardware. The USGS Geologic Hazards
Team will have responsibility for identifying the major components for
each station and purchasing of all of the equipment necessary to deploy
the Caribbean stations. Based on USGS equipment specifications and
procurement authority, each of the nine stations will have the following
major pieces of equipment:

Datalogger: Quanterra Q330HR with Baler

Broadband Sensor: Streckeisen STS-2 Low gain Seismometer

Strong-motion Sensor: Episensor ES-T Force Balance Accelerometer

Power System:

> Primary: 1000-2000 Watt Photovoltaic Solar Panel system with a bank of
> 5-10 deep-cycle, 12V, 60-100 amp-hour batteris , and a generator.

Secondary: Local AC power and UPS

Procurement vehicles are currently in place for all of the above
equipment due to ongoing contracts for the ANSS backbone upgrade.
Accordingly, orders will be placed for all equipment by July 30, 2005.
Approximately six months will be required before receipt of equipment
(December 31, 2005).

Telecommunications options for the new stations must be researched. Mark
Sherrat (GHT, Albuquerque) will research options with SkyCasters and
LibiSat. Concurrently, Alena Leeds (GHT, Golden) will explore options
with Hughes. These individuals, together with ASL and ANSS managers and
Project Coordinator will determine preferred strategy for service. This
research should be completed by September 30, 2005.

> Phase IV. Equipment Testing and Configuration: Testing and system
> integration will occur at appropriate USGS facilities (either ASL or
> Golden). Lab testing and integration is expected to take two months.
> Assuming all equipment is delivered by December 31, 2005, testing and
> configuration should be completed by February 28, 2006. Instrument
> testing will take place with coordination between the ANSS NOC in
> Golden (Leeds, McNamara and ASL (Hutt).

Phase V: Training of Network Operators. Operation and maintenance of the
Caribbean stations will involve participants from a number of
organizations in the U.S. and Caribbean region. The USGS is committed to
providing training assistance and technology transfer to all
participants. Training is designed to provide network operators with the
knowledge and skills necessary to construct vaults and operate stations
in the Caribbean. Training will be conducted at appropriate USGS
facilities and will involve the following activities:

1)  Training in the use of the appropriate computer software needed for
    configuring seismic digitizers, telecommunications equipment and
    acquisition computers,

2)  Training on the installation and trouble shooting of all components
    of a station that includes power systems, telecommunication
    equipment, sensors, and digitizers,

3)  Basic training in the operation and installation of seismic
    instruments (as a preamble to establishing seismograph stations in
    the Caribbean) and,

4)  Training in the construction of high-quality vaults to optimize
    performance of the Streckheisen STS2 broadband seismometer.

Basic training to take place with visits by appropriate staff to a
workshop in the winter of 2006 (Jan.-Feb. 2006). Caribbean network
operators must work closely with USGS staff to identify qualified
individuals who will be responsible for coordination on the operation
and maintenance of the stations. Scheduling should be coordinated so
that selected engineers arrive in the United States during the equipment
testing period. The workshop will involve overview on installation and
operation procedures of individual equipment components (sensors,
dataloggers, telecommunications, power systems), conducting cultural
noise surveys, testing of the equipment that will be deployed, and a
field trip to a USGS operated station to view USGS engineer plans,
operations and procedures.

Phase VI: Network Deployment: December 2005-September 2006. Following
the equipment testing, site evaluation, site selection and engineer
training in the United States, all of the station equipment will be
packaged and shipped to the local contacts. We anticipate that a team of
two USGS personnel will be sufficient for initial site evaluation. We
also anticipate that 2-3 teams of 2 USGS personnel each will be required
for site installation. If the USGS cannot provide the required number of
field technicians, we will draw from the human resources pool of the
ANSS. The USGS field teams will meet with local participants (1-2 person
team), construct a vault and shelter then deploy the equipment.

> *Subtask 1. Reoccupation and Upgrade of existing Short-period
> Stations*: Where possible, USGS will seek to upgrade an existing
> station rather than deploy a new station. This determination will be
> based on availability of stations in regions of interest, as well as
> station quality. We estimate approximately 10-12 days for each
> upgraded station, including shipping, reassembly of equipment, and
> installation.
>
> *Subtask 2. New Station Development*
>
> In some cases stations will be built from scratch. New stations will
> require site preparation, including construction of the vault. Where
> feasible, new vaults will be based on ANSS/EarthScope design criteria,
> which is under re-evaluation at ASL. The time required to construct a
> new station is estimated to be approximately 12-20 days per site,
> including vault construction, station configuration, and station
> installation.
>
> Preliminary estimates are that two crews of two people each will be
> required to install the stations by the end of September 2006. Each
> crew requires a minimum of one USGS person on site during the
> installation. USGS personnel are required because they are certified
> installers of Hughes, SkyCasters and LibiSat telecommunications
> equipment and they are needed for initial configuration of dataloggers
> and commissioning of the station into the NEIC processing system. When
> possible, the USGS would like to partner one of their personnel with
> trained technician(s) or assistants from participating institutions.
>
> Phase VII: Network System Integration: September 2006. Data will be
> telemetered directly to the NEIC in Golden, CO. Data will then be
> integrated into the NEIC processing system for global earthquake
> monitoring and distributed in real-time to interested organizations
> and agencies of the U.S. government.

The USGS will provide the real-time data to participating institutions
in either Earthworm format or as a LISS service. Alternatively, the USGS
will provide all of the data to the PRSN and PRSN will provide
customized data services to individual networks in the region.

The USGS will provide data from these new stations to the NOAA tsunami
warning centers via established mechanisms of data exchange. If the
existing dedicated links between NEIC and the NOAA tsunami warning
centers cannot accommodate the increased data volume, the USGS will work
with NOAA to increase the bandwidth necessary or provide the data to
them via the public internet.

Phase VIII: Long-Term Operations and Maintenance. The USGS will work
with ASL GSN and Caribbean region partners to develop a plan for ongoing
operations and maintenance. The plan will include specifics on required
staff support (e.g. field engineers, analysts, computer system
administration) and associated salary costs and other operational costs
(e.g. costs for power and supplies) that are needed to maintain the
seismograph station reliably. In addition, the groups need to assign
appropriate staff to operational roles that involve maintenance of field
systems, telecommunications, computer systems, and data processing.

IV\. Refinement of Tasking and Implementation Plans

Following initial activities specified in Phases I and II more detailed
timelines will be provide on a station by station basis. At this time,
station specific implementation plans will be submitted for review by
the USGS and participating institutions. These plans will following the
guidelines outlined in the Roles and Responsibility Memo dated May 7(?),
2005 (see attached).

V. Data Management

Waveform data will be telemetered in real-time to the ANSS NOC for
processing and initial earthquake locations. Processing will include
automated and manual QC procedures performed by the USGS ASL Data
Collection Center (DCC). Data will also be transmitted from the ANSS
NEIC other interested organizations over public and dedicated internet.
Existing data links from the ANSS NEIC may require upgrades to handle
the increased data load to the tsunami warning centers. Internet
connections to local partners may also require upgrades to utilize the
real-tome data feeds. Recipients of real-time data include:

1.  The local host institution,

2.  NOAA tsunami warning centers,

3.  IRIS DMC.

VI\. Summary of Proposed Schedule and Assignments

1.  Fact Sheet: June, 2005, Dan McNamara

2.  Implementation Plan, June 2005, Dan McNamara

3.  Identification of Participants: May-July 2005

    i.  Jean Weaver, Dan McNamara. Bruce Presgrave, Jim Dewey

4.  Meetings with Local Partners (Identify local operators) : May-July
    2005

    i.  Dan McNamara, Jean Weaver

5.  Evaluate Proposed upgrades of existing stations: May-Sept. 2005

    i.  Trinidad, Barbados, Antigua, Dominican republic, Grand Cayman
        Honduras Panama

    ii. Jack Odum, Dan McNamara

6.  Research Possible New stations: Aug.-Sept. 2005

    i.  Cuba, Turks and Caicos

    ii. Jack Odum, Dan McNamara

7.  Apply for Permits and determine MOU status: June-Oct. 2005

    i.  Jean Weaver, John Derr

8.  Purchase New equipment: June 2005

    i.  Barbara Bogaert, Dan McNamara

9.  Determine VSAT needs: June 2005

    i.  Alena Leeds, Mark Sharrat

10. Equipment Delivery: by Dec. 31, 2005

11. Equipment Configuration and testing: Jan.-Feb. 2006

    i.  Leeds, McNamara, Hutt

12. Training: Jan.-Feb. 2006

    i.  Dan McNamara

13. Station Deployment: March-Sept. 2006

    i.  Dan McNamara coordinator

14. Data Integration into real-time systems: March-Sept. 2006

    i.  Dan McNamara coordinator

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