## ***XIII. APPENDICES***  {#xiii.-appendices .unnumbered}

## *A. References*  {#a.-references .unnumbered}

U.S Department of the Interior. 1982. *General Management
Plan/Development Plan*. San Antonio Missions National Historical Park,
Southwest Regional Office, National Park Service.

U.S Department of the Interior. 1981. *Environmental Assessment, General
Management Plan/Development Concept Plan*. San Antonio Missions National
Historical Park, Southwest Regional Office, National Park Service.

U.S Department of the Interior. 1980. *Statement for Management*. San
Antonio Missions National Historical Park, National Park Service.

U.S Department of the Interior. 1984. *Resource Management Plan*. San
Antonio Missions National Historical Park, National Park Service.

U.S Department of the Interior. 1994. *Land Protection Plan Amendment*.
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, National Park Service.

U.S Department of the Interior. 1990. *A report on a study of its
boundaries*. San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, National
Park Service.

U.S Department of the Interior. 199. *Integrated Pest Management Plan*.
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, National Park Service.

U.S Department of the Interior. *NPS-75 Natural Resources Inventory and
Monitoring*. National Park Service

U.S Department of the Interior. 1991*. NPS-77 Natural Resources
Management Guidelines* . National Park Service

James and Juarez Architects. 1996. *Mission Concepcion Cultural
Landscape Report*. San Antonio Missions National Historical Park.

James and Juarez Architects. 1995. *Mission San Jose Cultural Landscape
Report*. San Antonio Missions National Historical Park.

James and Juarez Architects. 1998. *Volume 1, San Antonio Missions
Cultural Landscape Report*. San Antonio Missions National Historical
Park.

OCULUS. 1998. *Rancho De Las Cabras Cultural Landscape Report*. San
Antonio Missions National Historical Park.

F.B. Taylor, R.B. Hailey, and D.L. Richmond, Soil Conservation Service.
1991*. Soil Survey, Bexar County Texas*. United States Department of
Agriculture.

B. Definitions.

DEFINITIONS

[Appropriate Management Action:]{.underline} Specific actions taken to
implement a management strategy.

[Appropriate Management Strategy:]{.underline} A plan or direction
selected by agency administrator which guide wildland fire management
actions intended to meet protection and fire use objectives.

[Contain/Control:]{.underline} These terms are used to report the
condition of the fire, and relate to fire time keeping, but do not have
tactical meaning.

[Fire Management Plan]{.underline}: A strategic plan that defines a
program to manage wildland fires. The plan is supplemented by
operational procedures such as preparedness plans, preplanned dispatch
plans, burn plans, and prevention plans.

[Initial Actions:]{.underline} Action taken by first resources to arrive
at a wildland fire to meet protection and fire use objectives.

[Planned ignition:]{.underline} A wildland fire ignited by management
actions to meet specific objectives.

[Preparedness]{.underline}: Activities that lead to a safe, efficient,
and cost effective program in support of land management objectives
through appropriate planning and coordination.

[Prescription]{.underline}: Measurable criteria that guide selection of
appropriate management strategies and actions. Prescription criteria may
include safety, economic, public health, and environmental, geographic,
administrative, social or legal considerations.

[Suppression:]{.underline} A management action intended to protect
identified values from a fire, extinguish a fire, or alter a fire's
direction of spread.

[Unplanned Ignition]{.underline}: A wildland fire not ignited by
management actions.

[Wildland:]{.underline} Any area under fire management jurisdiction of a
land management agency.

[Wildland fire:]{.underline} Any fire that occurs in the wildland.

[Wildland Fire Situation Analysis (WFSA)]{.underline}: A decision-making
process that evaluates alternative management strategies against
selected safety, environmental, social, political, and economic
criteria.

##  {#section .unnumbered}

*C. NEPA and NHPA Compliance*

> The actions proposed under this plan fall within the review
> requirements of the National Environmental Protection Act and the
> National Historic Preservation Act. San Antonio Missions National
> Historical Park is a full suppression park. Mechanical and chemical
> treatments for removal of hazardous fuels are covered by an EA
> prepared in 2000 for the exotic species removal program at the park.
> If the park later uses prescribed burning to control hazardous fuels,
> further NEPA compliance will be necessary.
>
> The State Historic Preservation Officer for Texas has been consulted
> and concurred with the 2000 EA. They will also receive a copy of this
> approved plan. The resource management staff (and the NEPA
> interdisciplinary team) will review manual fuel reduction projects or
> planned ignitions and assessment of effect forms will be completed as
> needed.

**United States Department of the
Interior**![](media/image1.png){width="0.9604166666666667in"
height="0.9381944444444444in"}

**NATIONAL PARK SERVICE**

**SAN ANTONIO MISSIONS NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK**

**2202 Roosevelt Avenue**

**IN REPLY REFER TO: San Antonio, Texas 78210**

> Y14
>
> February 19, 2004
>
> Memorandum
>
> To: Files, San Antonio Missions National Historical Park
>
> From: Superintendent, San Antonio Missions National Historical Park
>
> Subject: Environmental Assessment for Fire Management Plan
>
> San Antonio Missions National Historical Park conducted an internal
> scoping meeting on May 5, 2003 to determine the issues and impact
> topics for a Fire Management Plan. The meeting included:
>
> Elizabeth Dupree SAAN Chief of Interpretation/
>
> Acting Superintendent
>
> Dan Steed SAAN Chief Ranger
>
> David Vekasy SAAN Facility Manager
>
> Susan Snow SAAN Archeologist
>
> James Oliver SAAN Landscape Architect
>
> Rosalind Rock SAAN Historian
>
> Mike Johnson SAAN Architect/
>
> Acting Chief of Professional Services
>
> Rich Arias SAAN Special Projects Officer
>
> David McHugh Big Thicket National Preserve Fire Management
> (Facilitator)
>
> Drew Gilmour Lyndon B. Johnson NHP Law Enforcement Ranger/Fire Mgmt
>
> Mark A. Peterson Texas Forest Service
>
> Mike Duran The Nature Conservancy
>
> Cindy Wirz Congressman Ciro D. Rodriguez
>
> Roland Hinojosa City Public Service
>
> Tim O'Krongley City of San Antonio -- Stinson Airport
>
> Dale Bransford San Antonio River Authority
>
> David Lugo San Antonio Water System
>
> David Ribble Biologist, Trinity University
>
> Monsignor Balthasar Janacek Old Spanish Missions/Archdiocese
>
> The meeting determined that wildland fires within the city of San
> Antonio have been, and will continue to be, suppressed by the city
> fire department. City regulations prevent 'open burning' \[i.e.
> prescribed burns\] and burning the 'labores' \[i.e. historic farm
> fields\] would impact the Stinson Airport flight pattern. Fire use is
> not practical due to the size, arrangement, and urban interface. As
> the NEPA process is used determine and document a decision from a
> range of alternatives, but suppression by the city fire department is
> the single alternative, no EA on fire treatments within the Missions
> Fire Management Unit will be prepared.
>
> Wildland fires at Rancho de las Cabras, a 99-acre 'rancho' located
> outside the City of Floresville, TX, are suppressed by the Floresville
> Volunteer Fire Department. The park intends to initiate a prescribed
> burn program in 2009 to manage fuels for hazard reduction and resource
> management goals. As the intended life span of a fire management plan
> is 5 years, the compliance and procedures will be included in the next
> rewrite.
>
> Chemical and mechanical treatments approved to control exotic
> Chinaberry and Wax Leaf Privet is also applicable to fuel management
> activities. NEPA compliance for these activities is covered under the
> EA/FONSI for Controlling Chinaberry and Waxleaf Privet \[dated January
> 5^th^ 2001\]. The preferred alternative states, "mechanical, cultural,
> chemical and biological methods of control, each by themselves, were
> found to be inadequate to control the target species. Together,
> however, they form a reasonable strategy to accomplish the stated
> goals of this assessment.
>
> A combination of methods including some mitigative measures such as
> erosion control, reforestation, and project maintenance make up the
> preferred Alternative."
>
> **Mechanical Controls** include girdling of large trees to prevent
> seeding, the use of chainsaws and brush cutters to fell trees and
> seedlings, and chipping. The chips could be utilized instead of
> discarding. The use of heavy equipment such as chippers and trucks
> would be limited to prevent soil disturbance and compaction. The
> percentage of plants to be removed in a single year would vary. If the
> target species represented over 50% of the area, removal would be
> phased in over a period of years.
>
> **Chemical Controls** include the use of herbicides as a stump
> treatment to prevent re-sprouting, and spot treatments of suckers and
> emerging seedlings. The park intends to use a formulation of
> glysophate \[Roundup and Rodeo, registered names by Monsanto\] for dry
> or wet sites (respectively). Previous control projects support this
> use.
>
> **Cultural controls** include an education program to inform the
> public and adjacent landowners of the importance of controlling target
> species.
>
> **Mitigation Measures** include the planting of natural vegetation to
> stabilize soils and replace lost root mass. Weed-free straw, or straw
> with a weed monitoring program, will also be used to prevent soil
> erosion or siltation in rivers. Reforestation using nursery stock
> selectively planted to appropriate zone (i.e. riparian, floodplain,
> upland, etc.) and planting of native herbaceous ground cover will be
> considered. Project maintenance is the monitoring and treatment of
> re-growth.
>
> Impacts of the preferred alternative:
>
> **Soil erosion / exotic invasion / wildlife habitat**
>
> Negligible to minor adverse impacts during initial control actions.
> Mitigating measures proposed will decrease negative impacts on the
> resource and cause greater positive long-term effects.

# Public health and safety

> A job site analysis will be completed to identify safety and health
> hazards, and will include to temporary closing of project areas. The
> proposed herbicide poses negligible effects on human health.

# Natural resources

> Short term, minor adverse effects to water resources due to the
> potential for erosion and increased siltation after the control phase.
> This will be mitigated by preventive measures. Long-term positive
> effects due to recovery of native vegetation populations that will
> improve watershed function. Healthy native communities will help
> mitigate future disturbances by providing larger wildlife habitat
> areas, and will strengthen the cultural and historical integrity of
> the park.
>
> **Cultural resources**
>
> Mechanical disturbances to cultural sites would be avoided through
> consultation with the park's Professional Services Division, and other
> control methods used if cultural artifacts were found. The park
> archeologist will be consulted where the use of chemical methods could
> affect soil chemistry on archeological sites. Unknown resources that
> may be exposed will have their significance determined and appropriate
> actions taken to protect them. The proposed action would restore the
> visual scene in accordance with approved cultural landscape reports.
> Several clearances from the Texas Historical Commission were received.
> On December 20, 2000, the commission received a copy of the
> "Assessment of Actions Having an Effect on Cultural Resources", which
> was returned with a determination of "No Adverse Effect -- Project may
> Proceed", and a second letter was received on January 17, 2002 that
> stated "by applying the Section 106 criteria, we have determined that
> the proposed project meets the guidelines of no adverse effect..."
>
> **Threatened and Endangered Species**
>
> The Mountain Plover and Whooping Crane have the potential to be found
> in the park. Neither species have been sighted, and would not be found
> in areas needing treatment. If a T&E species is spotted in a treatment
> area, work would cease and qualified staff would evaluate the
> significance of the sighting to the surrounding habitat. Mitigation
> measures would be taken to reduce impact. On September 20^th^ 2001 a
> request for section 7 consultations for this project was sent to the
> Austin, Texas office of the US Fish & Wildlife Service \[Dawn
> Whitehead\]. Two replies were received. On November 6^th^ 2001 she
> sent a reply stating, "we do not anticipate that the proposed actions
> would adversely impact any federally listed threatened or endangered
> species \[consultation \# 2-15-02-I-079\]. This was confirmed in the
> second letter, dated December 6^th^, 2003, indicating that no
> threatened or endangered species are likely to be present and thus are
> not expected to be harmed by a project \[consultation
> #2-15-2003-I-0089\].
>
> Public involvement is part of the NEPA process. The initial scoping
> meeting included: significant participation from land management
> agencies \[San Antonio Missions staff, the Fire Management Officer
> from Big Thicket National Preserve, fire management staff from Lyndon
> B. Johnson National Historical Park, a representative from the Texas
> Forest Service, and a staff member of the Nature Conservancy of
> Texas\], a congressional aide, representatives from the City of San
> Antonio, a priest for the Archdiocese, and a biologist from Trinity
> University. The fire management plan will also be sent out for public
> review and comment prior to being approved.
>
> Mechanical treatments not covered by the environmental assessment will
> be covered by a categorical exclusion on a case-by-case basis.
>
> The consensus of the Fire Management Officer and Fire Ecologist of Big
> Thicket National Preserve, and San Antonio Mission's management staff
> is that continuation of the existing fire suppression policy, and
> utilization of limited mechanical & chemical treatments covered by an
> existing environmental assessment and Finding Of NO Significant
> Impact, does not result in any major adverse effects or impacts to NPS
> resources and values. Negative environmental impacts that could occur
> are minor and temporary in effect on the human environment. There are
> no unmitigated adverse impacts on public health, public safety,
> threatened or endangered species, sites or districts listed in or
> eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, or
> other unique characteristics of the region. No highly uncertain or
> controversial impacts, unique or known risks, cumulative effects, or
> elements of precedence were identified. Implementation of the action
> will not violate any federal, state, or local environmental protection
> law.
>
> NPS Management Policies, 2001, require an analysis of potential
> effects to determine whether or not actions would impair park
> resources. Based on the above information, the IDT has determined that
> the potential impacts of the proposed fire management plan would not
> constitute "impairment" because it would not result in major or severe
> adverse effects upon resources or values whose conservation is (1)
> necessary to fulfill specific purposes identified in the establishing
> legislation or proclamation of the park; (2) key to the natural or
> cultural integrity of the park; or (3) identified as a goal in the
> park's general management plan or other relevant NPS planning
> documents.
>
> As a result, this Memorandum to the files has been prepared and the
> NEPA process has been satisfied.
>
> /s/ *Stephen E. Whitesell* Authenticated by
>
> Susan M. Hunt
>
> Stephen E. Whitesell Management Assistant
>
> cc:
>
> Chris Turk, Regional Environmental Quality Coordinator, Denver
>
> Eva Long, Natural Resource Management Specialist, Denver
>
> Brian Swift, Regional Fire Management Officer, Denver
>
> Bob Lineback, Wildland Fire Specialist, Santa Fe
>
> David McHugh, Supervisory Fire Management Officer, BITH
>
> Darrell Echols, Biologist, PAIS
>
> Randy Larson, Chief Ranger, PAIS

## *D. Species lists.* {#d.-species-lists. .unnumbered}

> *1) [Missions FMU]{.underline}*
>
> a\) Flora

Annotated List of the Vascular Plants

of San Antonio Missions National Historic Park,

Bexar County, Texas

October 2002 Draft

William R. Carr

The Nature Conservancy of Texas

This draft includes all plant taxa observed on properties of the San
Antonio Missions National Historic Park by Dr. W. O. Van Auken in 1981
(preceded by asterisks) and/or by the author during June-October 2001
and March-October 2002. Scientific names of naturally-occurring plants
follow Jones, Wipff & Montgomery (1997); pertinent synonyms,
particularly those used in Correll & Johnston (1970) and/or Van Auken
(1981), are provided in brackets. Scientific names of cultivated plants
follow Bailey Hortorium (1976). Common names follow Diggs, Lipscomb &
O\'Kennon (1999), Hatch, Gandhi & Brown (1990) and various other sources

[Ferns and Fern Allies]{.smallcaps}

Equisetaceae Horsetail Family

\**Equisetum laevigatum* A. Braun. Horsetail. Native perennial. Rare in
area but locally common on bank of old river channel upstream from old
Espada Dam in Espada Park. Voucher: Carr 19881. Photo: SAM-205. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 177.

Pteridaceae Maidenhair Fern Family

\**Adiantum capillus-veneris* L. Maidenhair-fern. Native perennial. Rare
in area but conspicuous in a few wet spots, such as the face of Espada
Dam and leak zones on Espada Aqueduct; also in alluvial soil on bank of
Sixmile (Piedras) Creek just downstream from aqueduct. Voucher: Carr
20810. Photo: SAM-837. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 197.

*Astrolepis sinuata* (Lag. ex Swartz) Benham & Windham \[*Notholaena
sinuata* (Lag. & Segura ex Swartz) Kaulf.\] Wavyleaf cloakfern. Native
perennial. Rare, one plant about 7 ft. up on N-facing rock wall on
inside of SW corner of Mission San Juan compound, at N29^o^19.916\',
W098^o^27.319\' +/- 42.8 ft. Observed in desiccated condition on 3
August 2001, removed by maintenance crew later that month; not seen in
2002. Photo: SAM-408.

*Cheilanthes alabamensis* (Buckl.) Kunze. Alabama lipfern. Native
perennial. Rare in area, noted only on cemented alluvium exposed on
walls of shallow box canyon (or old quarry?) on N side of I-410 just W
of San Antonio River floodplain, at N29^o^19.397\', W098^o^27.211\' +/-
25.0 ft. Voucher: Carr 21362. Photo: SAM-556. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 197.

*Cheilanthes horridula* Maxon. Hairy lipfern. Native perennial. Rare,
noted only on rock and mortar of walls of Mission Concepción. Voucher:
Carr & Benesh 19811. Photo: SAM-429. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 197.

*Cheilanthes lindheimeri* Hook. Lindheimer lipfern. Native perennial.
Rare, noted only on rock wall at SE corner of Mission Concepción, where
plants were in desiccated condition during 2001; presumably removed
during restoration in 2002. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 19810. Photo:
SAM-230.

Thelypteridaceae Shield-fern Family

\**Thelypteris ovata* St. John var. *lindheimeri* (Christensen) A. R.
Smith \[*Thelypteris kunthii* of Texas authors, in part\]. Lindheimer
shield-fern, river fern. Native perennial. Occasional on banks of
Acequia de Espada at Espada Aqueduct and N of Ashley Rd. Voucher: Carr
20926. Photo: SAM-897. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 205.

[Conifers]{.smallcaps}

Cupressaceae Cypress Family

*Juniperus ashei* Buchh. Ashe juniper. Native tree or large shrub. One
planted shrub at Mission San Juan appears to be this species; absent
from natural landscapes. Photo: SAM-255. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 205.

\**Juniperus virginiana* L. Eastern red cedar. Native tree. One planted
tree at Mission Concepción appears to be this species; absent from
natural landscapes. Photo: SAM-226. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 205.

Taxodiaceae Baldcypress Family

\**Taxodium distichum* (L.) Rich. Baldcypress. Native tree. Rare in
area. One large tree along old river channel at Espada Park near old
Espada Dam; at least three small trees along old river channel just NE
of Mission Espada, at N29^o^19.157\', W098^o^27.020\'; recently planted
at Mission San José. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 20913. Photos: SAM-208. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 209.

[Flowering Plants]{.smallcaps}

Acanthaceae Acanthus Family

*Carlowrightia texana* J. Henrickson & T. Daniel. Texas carlowrightia.
Native perennial. Occasional in old fields, athletic fields and other
open areas. Vouchers: Carr 19769, Carr 19847, Carr 21125. Photo:
SAM-117. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 215.

*Dicliptera brachiata* (Pursh) Spreng. Dicliptera. Native perennial.
Occasional in riparian woodlands. Vouchers: Carr & Gallyoun 20351, Carr
21361. Photo: SAM-564. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 215.

*Justicia brandegeana* Wassh. & Smith \[*Beloperone guttata*
Brandegee\]. Shrimp plant. Introduced perennial. Planted in landscapes
at Mission Concepción, Mission Espada, Mission San Juan. Photo: SAM-961.

\**Justicia pilosella* (Nees) Hilsenbeck \[*Siphonoglossa pilosella*
Nees\]. Hairy tubetongue. Native perennial. Common in lawns, athletic
fields and other open areas. Voucher: Carr 19864. Photo: SAM-148. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 217.

*Justicia spicigera* Schlect. Orange justicia, mohintli. Introduced
shrub (or hardy perennial). One large shrub or hardy perennial in front
of restrooms on north side of church, Mission San José, at
N29^o^21.754\', W098^o^28.783\' +/- 22.2 ft. Photos: SAM-349.

*Ruellia brittoniana* E. Leonard. Britton ruellia, Britton wild-petunia.
Introduced perennial. In garden in front of visitor center at Mission
San José. In addition to the typical tall form, the dwarf \"Katie\'s\"
cultivar is also present. Photo: SAM-187. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 215.

*Ruellia drummondiana* (Nees) Gray. Drummond wild-petunia. Native
perennial. Rare in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21224. Photo:
SAM-1083. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 217.

*Ruellia metzae* Tharp. Sister Mary Claire Metz\'s wild-petunia, white
ruellia. Native perennial. Apparently rare in area, noted only in old
field on San Juan Dam tract. Voucher: Carr 21159. Photo: SAM-965. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 217.

*Ruellia nudiflora* (Gray) Urban var. *runyonii* (Tharp & Barkley) B. L.
Turner \[*Ruellia runyonii* Tharp & Barkley\]. Runyon ruellia. Native
perennial. Common in upland woodlands and old fields. Vouchers: Carr
19807, Carr 19836, Carr 19856. Photo: SAM-046, SAM-065, SAM-066,
SAM-094, SAM-095, SAM-096, SAM-097, SAM-193, SAM-194.

\**Ruellia yucatana* (Leonard) Tharp & Barkley \[*Ruellia nudiflora*
(Engelm. & Gray) Urban var. *yucatana* Leonard. Yucatan wild-petunia.
Native perennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from all mission tracts.
According to Turner (1991), *Ruellia yucatana* is restricted to southern
tip of Texas, south of a line between Laredo and Corpus Christi.

Aceraceae Maple Family

\**Acer negundo* L. var. *texanum* F. Pax. Box-elder maple. Native tree.
Common in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 19874. Photo: SAM-505. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 223.

Agavaceae Agave Family

*Agave* sp. (*Agave americana* L.?). Introduced shrub. One shrub (near
old home site?) in mesquite woodland on N side of I-410 just W of San
Antonio River, at N29^o^19.393\', W098^o^27.218\'+/- 23.6 ft. Photo:
SAM-679.

*Agave* sp. (*Agave lophantha* Schiede?). Introduced shrub. Planted in
landscapes at Mission Concepción, Mission San Juan and Mission San José.
Photos: SAM-020, SAM-342, SAM-343.

*Agave* sp. (*Agave scabra* Salm-Dyck?). Introduced shrub. Planted in
garden at Mission San José. Photo: SAM-1052.

*Agave* sp. Agave. Introduced shrub. Small (at present?) species; leaves
grayish, concave in cross-section (not flat), with scattered dark
slender recurved spines along margins. Planted in front of church at
Mission San Juan. GPS point: N29^o^19.948\', W098^o^27.321\' +/- 35.7
ft. Photo: SAM-253, SAM-254.

*Agave* sp. Agave. Introduced shrub. Larger than preceding species;
leaves greener, flat and erect in lower portion, slightly convex and
curved outward at apex, with smooth margins (at least on upper half).
Planted in front of church at Mission San Juan. GPS point:
N29^o^19.948\', W098^o^27.324\' +/- 26.1 ft. Photo: SAM-251.

\**Dasylirion texanum* Scheele. Sotol. Shrub, native to western Bexar
County and westward, introduced here. Planted in garden and landscape at
Mission San José. Photo: SAM-975, SAM-976.

\**Hesperaloe parviflora* (Torr.) Coult. Red-flower yucca. Introduced
shrub. Planted in landscapes at Mission Concepción, Mission Espada and
Mission San José. Photo: SAM-275, SAM-276. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1081.

*Yucca baccata* Torr. Datil yucca. Introduced shrub. According to the
flora-and-fauna binder at the visitor center, this species is planted in
front of convento at Mission San José. Not observed during this survey

*Yucca constricta* Buckl. Buckley yucca. Native shrub. An essentially
acaulescent yucca with a rosette of numerous leaves to ca. 4 dm long and
to ca. 2 cm wide (usually ca. 1-1.5 cm wide), with white corneous
margins sporting curling white fibers; scapes usually a least 2 m tall;
inflorescence a panicle (rather than a raceme). Occasional in upland
woodlands and old fields. None of these plants bore fruit during 2001.
Voucher: Carr 20928. Photos: SAM-040, SAM-041, SAM-365, SAM-366.

*Yucca pallida* McKelvey. Pallid yucca, blue yucca. Introduced shrub.
Planted in newer garden at Mission San José; absent from the natural
landscape. Photo: SAM-247, SAM-248. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 1085.

\**Yucca treculeana* Carr. Spanish dagger. Native shrub. Occasional in
upland woodlands. Some of the \"Spanish daggers\" planted in landscapes
around various missions could also be this species, or they may be
*Yucca torreyi* Shafer, a similar plant native to western Texas. Photo:
SAM-322, SAM-323. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1089.

\**Yucca tenuistyla* Trel. White-rim yucca. Native shrub. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José and Mission Espada.

*Yucca* sp. Flaccid-leaf yucca. Introduced shrub. Acaulescent; leaves
flaccid, to ca. 6 cm wide and .75 m long. Planted in landscape at
Mission San José and Mission Concepción.. According to flora and fauna
binder at visitor center, these plants are *Yucca recurvifolia* Salisb.
They might also be *Yucca gloriosa* L. Photo: SAM-006, SAM-1097.

*Yucca* sp. Yucca, Spanish dagger. Shrub. A trunked yucca, usually
branched above, to 3-4 meters tall. Planted on grounds on S side of
Mission San José compound, NW of visitor center. GPS point:
N29^o^21.637\', W098^o^28.826\' +/- 21.3 ft. Photo: SAM-282.

Alismaceae Arrowleaf Family

\**Sagittaria graminea* Michx. Grassy arrowhead. Native perennial.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada and Espada / Acequia
Park.

*Sagittaria platyphylla* (Engelm.) J. G. Smith. Delta arrowleaf. Native
perennial. Occasional in Acequia de Espada just N and S of Ashley Rd.
and at Mission Espada. Vouchers: Carr 19833; Carr 21156. Photo: SAM-964.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1091.

Aloeaceae Aloe Family

*Aloe* sp. Aloe. Introduced perennial. Planted in front of chapel at
Mission San Juan. Photo: SAM-903, SAM-904, SAM-940.

Amaranthaceae Amaranth Family

\**Alternanthera caracasana* H. B. K. Verdolago de puerco, mat
chaff-flower. Native perennial. Common weed in unshaded lawns. Voucher:
Carr 19772. Photo: SAM-256, SAM-257, SAM-876. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 223.

\**Alternanthera philoxeroides* (Mart.) Grisebach. Alligator-weed.
Naturalized perennial. Occasional along Acequia de Espada at Espada Park
and near Espada Aqueduct; also in San Antonio River in general vicinity.
Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21051. Photo: SAM-905. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 223.

\**Amaranthus crassipes* Schlecht. Pigweed. Native annual. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from all mission sites.

\**Amaranthus palmeri* S. Wats. Careless-weed, redroot. Native annual.
Frequent to common in old fields and other open disturbed sites.
Vouchers: Carr 19780, Carr 19803. Photo: SAM-034, SAM-035. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 229.

*Amaranthus polygonoides* L. \[*Amaranthus berlandieri* (Moq.) Uline &
Bray; *Amaranthus polygonoides* L. var. *berlandieri* (Moq.) Thell.\]
Berlandier amaranth, tropical amaranth. Native annual. Frequent in dry
open disturbed sites, particularly at Mission San José. Vouchers: Carr
19890; Carr 19779. Photo: SAM-941, SAM-992. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 229.

*Celosia nitida* Vahl. Albahaca. Native perennial. Rare in riparian
woodlands, noted in only a few spots along Espada Aqueduct. Voucher:
Carr & Benesh 21054. Photo: SAM-898.

Anacardiaceae Pistachio Family

*Rhus lanceolata* (Gray) Britt. \[*Rhus copallina* L. var. *lanceolata*
Gray\]. Flameleaf sumac. Introduced tree. One planted tree at head of
San Juan Woodland Trail near SW corner of Mission San Juan complex.
Photo: SAM-176. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 235.

\**Toxicodendron radicans* (L.) Kuntze \[*Toxicodendron rydbergii*
(Small ex Rydb.) Greene; *Rhus radicans* var. *vulgaris* (Michx.) A.
DC.\]. Poison ivy. Native woody vine. Common in riparian and upland
woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20776. Photo: SAM-126, SAM-127, SAM-826.

Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Carrot Family

\**Ammi majus* L. Bishop\'s-weed. Introduced perennial. Rare along
margins of riparian woodlands; more common, at least during April 2002,
on graded banks of new channel of San Antonio River. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park. Vouchers: Carr 20813; Carr
20822. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 237.

*Bowlesia incana* Ruiz & Pav. Hoary bowlesia. Native annual. Occasional
to frequent in shaded sites in riparian woodlands, but also in drier,
sunnier sites on mission lawns. Vouchers: Carr 20451; Carr 20475. Photo:
SAM-587, SAM-682, SAM-694, SAM-695. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 245.

*Chaerophyllum tainturieri* Hook. var. *dasycarpum* Hook. ex Wats.
Hairyfruit chervil. Native annual. Common during spring in riparian
woodlands, old fields and sitrubed sites. Voucher: Carr 20462. Photo:
SAM-575, SAM-576. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 247.

*Chaerophyllum tainturieri* Hook. var. *tainturieri*. Chervil. Native
annual. Common during spring in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20550.
Photo: see SAM-575, SAM-576. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 247.

*Cicuta maculata* L. var. *maculata* \[incl. *Cicuta mexicana* Coult. &
Rose\]. Water hemlock. Native perennial. Rare along partially shaded
bank of old river channel above old Espada Dam in Espada Park. Voucher:
Carr 19792. Photo: SAM-913. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 247.

\**Coriandrum sativum* L. Cilantro, coriander. Introduced annual.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 251.

\**Daucus pusillus* Michx. Little carrot, rattlesnake weed. Native
annual. Occasional in old fields and upland woodlands; reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Mission Espada. Photo: SAM-772, SAM-773. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 251.

\**Hydrocotyle umbellata*. Water-penny. Native perennial. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park, perhaps erroneously. All
*Hydrocotyle* observed during this survey belong to the next species.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 257.

*Hydrocotyle verticillata* Thunb. var. *triradiata* (Rich.) Fern.
Whorled water-penny. Native perennial. Occasional on banks of waterways,
e.g., along creek at old Espada Dam and along Sixmile (Piedras) Creek
below Espada Aqueduct. Vouchers: Carr 20768; Carr & Benesh 21052. Photo:
SAM-838, SAM-893. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 257.

*Sanicula canadensis* L. Canada snakeroot. Native perennial. Rare in
riparian woodlands along San Juan Woodland Trail and Acequia de Espada.
Voucher: Carr 20927. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 261.

*Scandix pecten-veneris* L. Venus\'-comb, shepherd\'s-needle.
Naturalized annual. Occasional to frequent during spring in riparian
woodlands. Vouchers: Carr 20446; Carr 20458. Photo: SAM-578, SAM-579,
SAM-598. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 261.

*Spermolepis inermis* (Nutt. ex DC.) Math. & Const. Smooth scaleseed.
Native annual. Detected only in bluestem grassland at 9243 Villamain,
but doubtless present elsewhere. Voucher: Carr 20757. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 261.

\**Torilis arvensis* (Huds.) Link. Tall sockbane, hedge-parsley.
Naturalized annual. Abundant in upland woodlands; common in old fields
and on mission lawn; frequent to common in more open parts of riparian
woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20821. Photo: SAM-800, SAM-801. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 263.

*Torilis nodosa* (L.) Gaertn. Low sockbane, knotted hedge-parsley.
Naturalized annual. Occasional in old fields; also a weed in lawn near
parking lot at Mission Concepción. Vouchers: Carr 20536; Carr 20757.
Photo: SAM-713, SAM-714. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 263.

Apocynaceae Dogbane Family

*Catharanthus roseus* (L.) G. Don. Rose periwinkle. Introduced annual or
perennial. Planted in garden in front of church at Mission Espada.
Photo: SAM-301, SAM-302. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 267.

\**Nerium oleander* L. Oleander. Introduced shrub. Planted in landscapes
at several missions. Photo: SAM-227, SAM-830.

*Trachelospermum asiaticum* (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai. Asian jasmine.
Introduced creeping shrub. Planted in new gardens at Mission San José.
Photo: SAM-273, SAM-274. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 267.

*Vinca major* L. Big-leaf periwinkle. Introduced woody vine. Rare in
project area, a few feral plants in riparian woodland on slope just N of
Mission Espada. Observed on 15 March 2002; absent from site on 19 June
2002, perhaps due to removal. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 271.

Aquifoliaceae Holly Family

*Ilex decidua* Walt. Possum haw, deciduous holly, winterberry. Native
shrub. Rare in riparian woodlands; planted at Mission Concepción.
Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21055. Photo: SAM-899. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 271.

*Ilex vomitoria* Ait. Yaupon. Native shrub. Planted in new gardens
between parking lot and visitor center at Mission San José (some of
these plants are dwarf cultivars); also planted at Mission Concepción.
Photo: SAM-277, SAM-278, SAM-279. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
271.

Araceae Arum Family

\**Colocasia esculenta* L. Elephant-ears. Naturalized perennial. Locally
abundant on banks of old river channel above Espada Dam, just upstream
from San Juan Woodland Trail (where possibly increasing in abundance),
and at various locations along Acequia de Espada. Voucher: Carr &
Gallyoun 20355. Photo: SAM-190, SAM-210. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1097.

Araliaceae Aralia Family

*Hedera canariensis* Willd. Algerian ivy. Introduced woody vine.
Climbing on stone wall of shrine (and into nearby pecan) NW of Mission
Concepción. Identification courtesy of flora and fauna booklet at
visitor center; very similar to English ivy (*Hedera helix* L.). Photo:
SAM-238, SAM-239.

Arecaceae (Palmae) Palm Family

\**Sabal minor* (Jacq.) Pers. Dwarf palmetto. Native shrub. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from Mission San Juan and Espada / Acequia Park. All
*Sabal* observed in the Missions area duing this survey, both as
specimen trees in landscapes and as escapes in riparian woodlands, are a
trunked species presumed to be *Sabal mexicana*. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 1097.

\**Sabal mexicana* Mart. Sabal palm. Naturalized tree. Planted in
landscapes around various missions; escaped into riparian woodlands
along old river channel just NW of Mission San Juan and along old river
channel just NE of Mission Espada. Photo: SAM-229, SAM-264, SAM-265;
juvenile plants (those likely to be mistaken for *Sabal minor*), photo
SAM-505.

Aristolochiaceae Birthwort Family

*Aristolochia erecta* L. \[*Aristolochia longiflora* Engelm. & Gray\].
Swanflower, grassleaf pipevine. Native perennial. Rare in mission lawns,
athlectic fields, and old fields with relatively short or sparse cover.
Photo: SAM-123, SAM-124, SAM-757, SAM-758.

Asclepiadaceae Milkweed Family

*Asclepias curassavica* L. Butterflyweed, butterfly milkweed. Introduced
perennial. Planted in garden at Mission Concepción. Photo: SAM-924.

*Asclepias oenotheroides* (Cham.) Schlecht. Hierba de zizotes. Native
perennial. Occasional in old fields. Voucher: Carr & Price 20988. Photo:
SAM-388, SAM-389, SAM-390, SAM-808, SAM-967. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 279.

*Cynanchum barbigerum* (Scheele) Shinners. Bearded swallow-wort. Native
herbaceous perennial vine. Rare in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr
21200. Photo: SAM-794, SAM-1038. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
281.

*Cynanchum racemosum* (Jacq.) Jacq. var. *unifarium* (Scheele) Sundell
\[*Cynanchum unifarium* (Scheele) Woodson\]. Tayalote. Native herbaceous
perennial vine. Occasional in upland woodland along W side of San
Antonio River both N and S of Ashley / Mission Rd.; weed in garden at
Mission San José. Voucher: Carr 21223. Photo: SAM-1039, SAM-1082. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 281.

\**Matelea reticulata* (Engelm. ex Gray) Woodson. Pearl milkvine. Native
herbaceous perennial vine. Occasional in riparian and upland woodlands.
Voucher: Carr & Carré 20779. Photo: SAM-752, SAM-753, SAM-1018. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 286.

Asteraceae (Compositae) Sunflower Family

\**Acmella oppositifolia* (Lam.) Jansen \[*Spilanthes americana* (Mutis)
Hieron.\]. American spotflower. Native perennial. Locally common along
old river channel at Espada Park; rare along bank of Acequia de Espada N
of Ashley Rd. Vouchers: Carr 20795; Carr & Benesh 21352. Photo: SAM-878,
SAM-1156. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 311.

*Amblyolepis setigera* DC. Huisache daisy. Native annual. Rare along
margins of upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20474. Photo: SAM-625,
SAM-626, SAM-681. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 311.

*Ambrosia confertiflora* A. DC. Field ragweed. Native perennial. Common
in upland woodlands and old fields; also a frequent weed in mission
lawns. Voucher: Carr & Gallyoun 20358. Photo: SAM-980. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 311.

*Ambrosia psilostachya* DC. \[*Ambrosia cumanensis* Kunth in H. B. K.\]
Western ragweed. Native perennial. Occasional in upland woodlands and
old fields. Voucher: Carr 19882. Photo: SAM-201, SAM-202. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 311.

\**Ambrosia trifida* L. Giant ragweed. Native annual. Common to locally
abundant in riparian woodlands; occasional to common in upland
woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21197. Photo: SAM-377. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 311.

*Aphanostephus ramosissimus* DC. Lazy daisy. Native annual. Occasional
in lawns, athletic fields and old field sites. Vouchers: Carr 19764;
Carr 20540; Carr 20555; Carr 20737. Photo: SAM-584, SAM-585, SAM-590,
SAM-629. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 313.

*Artemisia ludoviciana* Nutt. Western mugwort. Native perennial. Rare,
one plant observed under *Celtis reticulata* sapling growing from crack
at base of small concrete foundation at baseball diamonds on S side of
Theo Ave. W of Mission Concepcion, at N29^o^23.353\', W098^o^29.695\'.
Voucher: Carr 21274. Photo: SAM-1117. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 317.

*Aster ericoides* L. \[*Symphyotrichum ericoides* (L.) Nesom\]. Heath
aster. Native perennial. Occasional in old fields and along margins of
upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Gallyoun 20347. Photo: SAM-521,
SAM-522, SAM-525. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 317.

*Aster subulatus* Michx. var. *ligulatus* Shinners \[*Symphyotrichum
divaricatum* (Nutt.) Nesom\]. Hierba del marrano. Native perennial. Rare
on banks of acequias and in depressional areas in old fields. Voucher:
Carr 21279. Photo: SAM-1123. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 323.

*Aster lanceolatus* Willd. \[*Symphyotrichum lanceolatum* (Willd.)
Nesom\] Woodland aster. Native perennial. Occasional in and along
margins of riparian woodlands and hackberry strips along edges of old
fields. Vouchers: Carr & Benesh 21346; Carr & Benesh 21349; Carr 21364.
Photo: SAM-561. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 317.

*Astranthium integrifolium* (Michx.) Nutt. Western daisy. Native annual.
Rare in openings in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Carré 20781-B.
Photo: SAM-785. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 323.

\**Baccharis neglecta* Britt. Poverty weed, Roosevelt weed, baccharis.
Native shrub. Occasional in old fields and upland woodlands. Voucher:
Carr 21229. Photo: SAM-414, SAM-1089. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 323.

*Bidens laevis* (L.) B.S.P. Smooth beggar\'s-ticks. Native annual. Local
on banks of old river channel at and above Espada Dam. Voucher: Carr &
Benesh 21348. Photo: SAM-497, SAM-1153. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 327.

\**Calyptocarpus vialis* Less. Prostrate lawnflower, straggler daisy.
Native perennial. Common lawn weed at all missions; also common in
riparian woodlands and upland woodlands; occasional in old fields.
Voucher: Carr 20893. Photo: SAM-507, SAM-791. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 331.

*Centaurea americana* Nutt. American basketflower. Native annual. Rare,
one plant with immature heads observed on lawn at Mission Espada, 25
April 2002; a chance introduction that was mown before setting seed.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 333.

*Centaurea melitensis* L. Yellow star-thistle. Naturalized annual.
Occasional in old fields, roadbeds, and weedy open upland woodlands.
Voucher: Carr 20762. Photo: SAM-812. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 333.

*Chaptalia texana* Greene \[*Chaptalia nutans* (L.) Polák var. *texana*
(Greene) Burkhart\]. Nodding lettuce. Native perennial. Rare in area,
encountered only in upland woodland on N side of I-410 just W of San
Antonio River floodplain. Voucher: Carr & Carré 20783. Photo: SAM-691,
SAM-1016 (vegetative). Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 337.

*Cirsium texanum* Buckl. Texas thistle. Native annual. Occasional in old
fields and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21102. Photo: SAM-745. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 343.

*Conyza canadensis* (L.) Cronq. Horseweed. Native annual. Robust
individuals rare along margins of woodlands; much smaller plants
occasional as weeds of garden beds and rock walls of Mission Concepción.
Voucher: Carr 21180. Photo: SAM-001, SAM-002. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 343.

*Coreopsis tinctoria* Nutt. \[*Coreopsis cardaminifolia* (DC.) T. & G.\]
Plains coreopsis. Native annual. Occasional in dry beds of acequias and
along margins of woodlands. Vouchers: Carr 20747; Carr 20907. Photo:
SAM-845. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 343.

\**Coreopsis wrightii* (Gray) Parker \[*Coreopsis basalis* (Dietr.)
Blake var. *wrightii* (Gray) Blake. Wright coreopsis. Native annual.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José and Mission Espada.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 343.

\**Dyssodia tenuiloba* (DC.) Robinson var. *tenuiloba* \[*Thymophylla
tenuiloba* (DC.) Small var. *tenuiloba*\]. Bristleleaf dogweed. Native
annual. Occasional in old fields; reported by Van Auken (1981) from
Mission San José. Voucher: Carr 20761. Photos: SAM-815. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 425.

*Echinacea* sp. Purple coneflower. Introduced perennial cultivar.
Planted in gardens at Mission Concepción and Mission San José. Flora and
fauna book at visitor center identifies this as a cultivar of *Echinacea
purpurea* (L.) Moench. Photos: SAM-354.

*Eclipta prostrata* (L.) L. \[*Eclipta alba* (L.) Hassk.\] Yerba del
tago. Native annual. Occasional on banks of waterways. Voucher: Carr
21155. Photo: SAM-963. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 349.

\**Engelmannia pinnatifida* Gray ex Nutt. \[*Engelmannia persisteria*
(Raf.) Goodman & C. A. Lawson\]. Engelmann\'s daisy. Native perennial.
Locally frequent in old field on San Juan Dam tract. Voucher: Carr
19846. Photo: SAM-087, SAM-089. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
351.

*Erigeron philadelphicus* L. Philadelphia fleabane. Native perennial.
Locally common in riparian woodland along Sixmile (Piedras) Creek at
N29^o^19.886\', W098^o^27.575 +/- 16.8 ft.; scattered in similar
woodlands along Acequia de Espada. Photo: SAM-605. Line drawing: Diggs
et al. (1999), p. 355.

*Evax verna* Raf. Roundhead rabbit-tobacco. Native annual. Occasional
around bare spots in lawn at Mission San José; occasional in roadbeds at
undeveloped sites. Voucher: Carr 20729; Carr & Price 20986. Photo:
SAM-814. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 357.

*Fleischmannia incarnata* (Walt.) King & Robinson \[*Eupatorium
incarnatum* Walt.\]. Scandent thoroughwort. Native perennial herbaceous
vine. Rare in area but locally frequent in brushy upland woodland ca.
100-500 N of I-410 ft. from points 0.2-0.4 mi W of its bridges over San
Antonio River, in Labores de Espada. Voucher: Carr 21359. Photo:
SAM-1130. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 355.

*Florestina tripteris* DC. \[*Palafoxia tripteris* (DC.) Shinners\]
White palafoxia. Native annual. Rare in old field in Labores de Espada
and on baseball diamonds W of Missions Concepcion. Voucher: Carr 20371.
Photo: SAM-528, SAM-529, SAM-1111.

\**Gaillardia pulchella* Foug. Firewheels, Indian blanket. Native
annual. Common or at least conspicuous in upland woodlands and unmown
old fields. Voucher: Carr 20746. Photo: SAM-731, SAM-782. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 361.

\**Gamochaeta falcata* (Lam.) Cabrera \[*Gnaphalium falcatum* Lam.\]
Falcate cudweed. Naturalized annual. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from
Mission San José. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 361.

*Gamochaeta pensylvanica* (Willd.) Cabrera \[*Gnaphalium pensylvanicum*
Willd.\] Pennsylvania cudweed. Native annual. Rare on mission lawns.
Voucher: Carr 20771. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 361.

*Grindelia squarrosa* (Pursh) Dun. Gumweed. Native annual. Occasional in
upland woodlands. Vouchers: Carr 19796; Carr 20925. Photo: SAM-856. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 363.

*Gutierrezia texana* (A. DC.) T. & G. \[*Xanthocephalum texanum* (A.
DC.) Shinners\]. Broomweed. Native annual. Occasional in upland
woodlands and old fields. Voucher: Carr 21282. Photo: SAM-1103. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 367.

*Hedypnois cretica* (L.) Dum. Cours. Cretan composite. Naturalized
annual. Rare on mission lawns; more frequent in disturbed soils along
margin of hike-and-bike trail along San Antonio River near Mission
Concepcion. Voucher: Carr 20467. Photo: SAM-654. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 367.

\**Helianthus annuus* L. Common sunflower. Native annual. Occasional in
dry open disturbed sites. Voucher: Carr 20896. Photo: SAM-038. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 371.

*Helianthus debilis* Nutt. subsp. *cucumerifolius* (T. & G.) Heiser.
Weak sunflower. Native annual. Occasional in upland woodlands toward S
end of Labores de Espada. Voucher: Carr 19785. Photo: SAM-311. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 371.

*Helianthus maximiliani* Schrad. Maximilian sunflower. Native perennial.
One small colony in Labores de San Juan, W side of Villamain Rd. ca. 0.3
mi S of road to parking lot for Mission San Juan, at N29^o^19.715,
W098^o^27.023\' +/- 17.4.; another on E side of South Presa St., ca.
100-300 ft. N of Graf Rd. Voucher: Carr 21280. Photo: SAM-523, SAM-524.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 371.

*Heterotheca subaxillaris* (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby \[*Heterotheca
latifolia* Buckl.\]. Camphor goldenaster. Native annual. Rare in old
fields and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21281. Photo: SAM-490,
SAM-491. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 373.

*Hymenopappus scabiosaeus* L\'Her. var. *corymbosus* (T. & G.) B. L.
Turner. Old plainsman. Native biennial. Locally common in decent
grassland at 9243 Villamain; rare in old fields elsewhere in Labores de
Espada; also rare in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20754. Photo:
SAM-810. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 377.

*Iva annua* L. Eggleaf sumpweed. Native annual. Locally frequent along
old river channel at Espada Park. Voucher: Carr 21286. Photo: SAM-496,
SAM-1127. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 379.

*Lactuca floridana* (L.) Gaertn. Florida wild-lettuce. Native annual.
Locally common in woodland along Acequia de Espada N of Ashley Rd.
Voucher: Carr 19876. Photo: SAM-1025. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 383.

*Lactuca ludoviciana* (Nutt.) Ridd. Louisiana wild-lettuce. Native
biennial. Frequent in and along margins of riparian and upland
woodlands. Voucher: Carr 19787. Photo: SAM-895, SAM-896. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 383.

*Lactuca serriola* L. Prickly lettuce. Naturalized annual or biennial.
Occasional in old fields, along woodland margins and in disturbed areas.
Voucher: Carr 19849. Photo: SAM-088. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 383.

*Lindheimera texana* Gray & Engelm. Texas star. Native annual.
Occasional in upland woodlands and old fields. Voucher: Carr 20472.
Photo: SAM-669. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 385.

*Lygodesmia texana* (T. & G.) Greene. Texas skeletonplant. Native
perennial. Rare in old fields. Voucher: Carr 21176. Photo: SAM-731,
SAM-996, SAM-1007. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 385.

*Mikania scandens* (L.) Willd. Climbing hempweed. Native perennial
herbaceous vine. Local on unshaded banks of old river channel upstream
from old Espada Dam; along Acequia de Espada upstream from (N of) Ashley
Rd. culvert; and at Espada Aqueduct. Voucher: Carr 20099. Photo:
SAM-416, SAM-1149. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 389.

\**Parthenium confertum* Gray. Lyreleaf parthenium. Native perennial.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from all mission sites.

*Parthenium hysterophorus* L. False ragweed. Native annual. Common in
lawns and other disturbed open upland sites. Vouchers: Carr 19872, Carr
21154. Photo: SAM-008, SAM-009, SAM-183, SAM-184. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 395.

*Pluchea odorata* (L.) Cass \[*Pluchea purpurascens* (Sw.) DC.\] Camphor
marsh-elder, purple march-fleabane. Native perennial. Apparently rare in
area, a few plants among wetland vegetation in impoundment upstream from
Old Espada Dam. Voucher: Carr 21195. Photo: SAM-1030. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 397.

\**Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus* (D. Don) DC. \[*Pyrrhopappus multicaulis*
DC.\]. False dandelion. Native annual. Occasional in old fields and open
parts of various woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20805. Photo: SAM-619,
SAM-620. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 401.

\**Ratibida columnifera* (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. \[*Ratibida columnaris*
(Sims) D. Don\]. Mexican hats. Native annual. Occasional in upland
woodlands and old fields. Voucher: Carr 20891. Photo: SAM-090, SAM-091.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 401.

*Rudbeckia hirta* L. var. *angustifolia* (Moore) Perdue. Black-eyed
Susan. Native annual. Apparently rare in area, noted only in partially
shaded dry bed of Acequia de San Juan. Voucher: Carr 20899. Photo:
SAM-788. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 401.

*Simsia calva* (Engelm. & Gray) Gray. Bush sunflower. Native perennial.
Rare, noted only along margin of upland woodland just NE of Espada Rd.
bridge over Sixmile (Piedras) Creek. Vouchers: Carr 19818, Carr 20806.
Photo: SAM-445, SAM-446, SAM-761, SAM-762. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 407.

*Solidago canadensis* T. & G. \[*Solidago altissima* L.\] Common
goldenrod. Native perennial. Locally common along Acequia de Espada just
downstream from Espada Aqueduct and along impoundment upstream from
Espada Dam in Espada Park. Vouchers: Carr & Gallyoun 20349; Carr 21283;
Carr 21347. Photo: SAM-1124. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 407.

*Solidago gigantea* Ait. Giant goldenrod. Native perennial. Locally
abundant in one old field in Labores de Espada. Voucher: Carr 20377.
Photo: SAM-520. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 411.

\**Sonchus asper* (L.) Hill. Sow-thistle. Naturalized annual. Occasional
throughout. Voucher: Carr 19866. Photo: SAM-101, SAM-102, SAM-616. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 417.

*Sonchus oleraceus* L. Sow-thistle. Naturalized annual. Occasional
throughout. Vouchers: Carr 21160. Photo: SAM-972. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 419.

\**Taraxacum officinale* Weber. Dandelion. Naturalized perennial.
Occasional weed of mission lawns and roadbeds. Voucher: Carr 21194.
Photo: SAM-613, SAM-614. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 419.

*Thelesperma filifolium* (Hook.) Gray. Slender greenthread. Native
perennial. Rare in old fields on San Juan Dam Tract and Labores de
Espada. Vouchers: Carr 20732, Carr 21201. Photo: SAM-1040. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 423.

*Verbesina virginica* L. Frostweed. Native perennial. Occasional in
riparian and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21199. Photo: SAM-424,
SAM-513, SAM-1036, SAM-1037, SAM-1044. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 429.

*Viguiera dentata* (Cav.) Spreng. Plateau goldeneye. Native perennial.
Frequent along margins of upland and riparian woodlands, often spreading
into adjacent old fields. Vouchers: Carr 19765, Carr & Benesh 19814;
Carr 19834; Carr & Gallyoun 20357, Carr 20376. Photo: SAM-502. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 431.

\**Xanthium strumarium* L. Abrojo, cocklebur, porcupine eggs. Native
annual. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 431.

Unknown vegetative Asteraceae? One colony in old field in Espada de San
Juan, W side of Villamain ca. 100 ft. S of jct. with road to parking lot
for Mission San Juan, at N29^o^19.882, W098^o^27.182\' +/- 13.7 ft.
Voucher: Carr 19835.

Berberidaceae Barberry Family

\**Berberis trifoliolata* Moric. \[*Mahonia trifoliolata* (Moric.)
Fedde\] Agarito. Native shrub. Occasional in upland woodlands;
occasionally utilized in landscapes around missions (e.g., at Mission
San José). Voucher: Carr & Carré 20786. Photo: SAM-671. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 435.

\**Nandina domestica* Thunb. Heavenly bamboo. Naturalized shrub. Planted
in landscape at Mission San José; one escaped plant in riparian woodland
behind Mission San Juan. Voucher: Carr 21183. Photo: SAM-883, SAM-1051.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 435.3

Bignoniaceae Catalpa Family

*Bignonia capreolata* L. Crossvine. Woody vine, native to parts of Texas
but perhaps only escaped from cultivation in this area. Rare in San Juan
Woodland (upland woodland just W of Mission San Juan), at
N29^o^19.904\', W098^o^27.363\' +/- 15.1 ft.; planted a few hundred
yards to N, on fence along S side of Ashley Road at W end of Berg\'s
Mill Bridge. Voucher: Carr 21072. Photo: SAM-943. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 447.

\**Campsis radicans* (L.) Seeman ex Bureau. Trumpet creeper. Native
woody vine. Common in riparian woodlands; also planted in landscape
around missions. Voucher: Carr 21097. Photos: SAM-200, SAM-359, SAM-360.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 447.

*Chilopsis linearis* (Cav.) Sweet. Desert willow. Introduced shrub
(native to west Texas but planted here). Planted in newer garden plots
at Mission San José; recently planted along E bank of San Antonio River
on or near NW edge of San Juan Dam tract. Photo: SAM-267, SAM-268. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 447.

Boraginaceae Borage Family

\**Ehretia anacua* (Terán & Berl.) I. M. Johnst. Anaqua. Native tree.
Occasional in upland woodlands, rare in riparian woodlands; more common
as shade tree in landscapes around missions. Voucher: Carr 20801. Photo:
SAM-141, SAM-142, SAM-829.

\**Lappula occidentalis* (S. Wats.) Greene var. *cupulata* (Gray)
Higgins \[*Lappula texana* (Scheele) Britt; *Lappula redowskii*
(Hornem.) Greene var. *texana* (Scheele) Brand.\] Texas cupseed. Native
annual. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission Concepción. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 451.

\**Lithospermum arvense* L. \[*Buglossoides arvense* (L.) I. M.
Johnston\]. Bugloss. Naturalized annual. Occasional in old fields and
disturbed soils. Voucher: Carr 20466. Photo: SAM-666. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 447.

*Onosmodium bejariense* A. DC. var. *bejariense*. Bexar marbleseed.
Native perennial. Local in riparian woodland along Acequia de Espada N
of Ashley Rd., at GPS point N29^o^22.222\', W098^o^27.582\' +/- 21.8 ft.
Voucher: Carr 19874. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 455.

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Mustard Family

*Capsella bursa-pastoris* (L.) Medik. Shepherd\'s purse. Naturalized
winter annual. Common weed in lawns at all missions. Voucher: Carr
20541. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 463.

*Draba platycarpa* T. & G. Broadpod draba. Native annual. Rare in bare
areas in old fields and roadbeds. Voucher: Carr 20455. Photo: SAM-595,
SAM-596. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 469.

*Lepidium austrinum* Small. Southern pepperweed. Native annual.
Occasional in lawns and upland old fields. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 20922.
Photo: SAM-705, SAM-706, SAM-902. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
471.

\**Lepidium densiflorum* Schrad. Prairie pepperweed. Native annual.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from all mission sites. Line drawing: Diggs
et al. (1999), p. 471.

*Rapistrum rugosum* (L.) All. Yellow rocket. Naturalized annual. Locally
common in upland woodlands and old fields. Voucher: Carr 20743. Photo:
SAM-591, SAM-592, SAM-655. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 477.

\**Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum* (L.) Hayek \[*Nasturtium officinale* R.
Br.\]. Water cress. Naturalized perennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981)
from Mission Espada and Espada / Acequia Park. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 477.

\**Sisymbrium irio* L. London rocket. Naturalized annual. Occasional to
common weed in mission lawns and old fields, often in partial shade.
Voucher: Carr 20456. Photo: SAM-568, SAM-569, SAM-570. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 481.

Bromeliaceae Bromeliad Family

\**Tillandsia recurvata* L. Ballmoss. Native perennial epiphyte.
Occasional in trees throughout. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 20917. Photo:
SAM-326. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1097.

Buxaceae Boxwood Family

*Buxus sempervirens* L. Common boxwood. Introduced shrub. Planted near
shrine on NW side of Mission Concepción and in front of convento at
Mission San José. Photo: SAM-241, SAM-242, SAM-243.

Cactaceae Cactus Family

*Ferocactus setispinus* (Engelm.) Benson \[*Thelocactus setispinus*
(Engelm.) E. F. Anderson\]. Hedgehog cactus, fish-hook cactus. Native
shrub. Rare in area, several clusters under mesquite in upland woodland
on N side of I-410 just W of cleared San Antonio River floodplain, at
N29^o^19.437\', W098^o^27.276\' +/- 15.8 ft. and elsewhere. Voucher:
Carr 21186. Photos: SAM-055, SAM-056, SAM-993, SAM-1055. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 495.

\**Opuntia engelmannii* Salm-Dyck var. *lindheimeri* (Engelm.) Parfitt &
Pinkava \[*Opuntia lindheimeri* Engelm.\]. Lindheimer pricklypear.
Native shrub. Occasional in old fields and upland woodlands. Photo:
SAM-293, SAM-325. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 493.2

*Opuntia imbricata* (Haw.) DC. Cholla. Introduced shrub. Planted in
landscape at Mission San José. Photo: SAM-974.

\**Opuntia leptocaulis* DC. Tasajillo, Christmas cactus, pencil cactus.
Native shrub. Occasional in upland woodlands at Labores de Espada; one
plant (possibly introduced) at head of San José Woodland Trail. Photo:
SAM-261. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 493.

*Opuntia* sp. Prickly-pear. Introduced shrub (cultivar?). A
*Platyopuntia* species with conspicuous brown glochids. Planted in
landscape at Mission San José, at N29^o^21.647\' W098^o^28.768\'+/- 14.4
ft. Photo: SAM-024.

*Opuntia* sp. Prickly-pear. Introduced cultivar shrub. Plants forming
massive clumps several meters wide and sometimes 2 meters tall; pads
large, with crenate margins. Planted at several locations on grounds of
Mission Espada, most notably at foot of cross in middle of mission
grounds. GPS point: N29^o^19.982, W098^o^27.291\' +/- 10.5 ft. Photo:
SAM-167, SAM-168, SAM-169.

*Opuntia* sp. Prickly-pear. Introduced shrub (culitvar?). A nearly
spineless form. Planted in front of chapel at Mission San Juan. GPS
point: N29^o^19.945\', W098^o^27.325\' +/- 25.8 ft. Photo: SAM-260.

Campanulaceae Bellflower Family

*Triodanis perfoliata* (L.) Nieuw. var. *biflora* (Ruiz & Pav.) T. R.
Bradley \[*Triodanis biflora* (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene\]. Venus\'
looking-glass. Native annual. Occasional in old fields, perhaps also on
mission lawns. Voucher: Carr 20730. Photo: SAM-726, SAM-804. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 505.

*Triodanis perfoliata* (L.) Nieuw. var. *perfoliata*. Venus\'
looking-glass. Native annual. Occasional in old fields and on mission
lawns. Voucher: Carr 20773. Photo: see SAM-726, SAM-804. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 505.

Cannaceae Canna Family

\**Canna indica* L. Canna-lily, Indian-shot. Introduced perennial.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada.

Capparidaceae Caper Family

*Polanisia dodecandra* (L.) DC. subsp. *trachysperma* (T. & G.) Iltis.
Clammyweed. Native annual. Apparently rare in area; one plant observed
at edge of pile of old shingles in Johnsongrass hay-meadow at 9243
Villamain, 1 August 2002. Voucher: Carr 21181. Photo: SAM-1008,
SAM-1009. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 509.

Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family

\**Lonicera japonica* Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle. Naturalized woody
vine. Common in riparian woodland along Acequia de Espada N of Ashley
Rd; less common in woodland along Acequia de Espada at Espada Aqueduct
and in riparian woodland along Acequia de San Juan on E side of South
Presa St. just N of Graf Rd. Voucher: Carr 20778. Photo: SAM-825. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 509.

*Lonicera sempervirens* L. Coral honeysuckle. Introduced woody vine.
Planted in landscape around information center at Mission Concepción.
Photos: SAM-357, SAM-358. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 509.

\**Sambucus canadensis* L. var. *canadensis*. Elderberry. Native shrub.
Locally common in riparian woodlands, usually on banks of acequias or
old river channels. Voucher: Carr 21068. Photo: SAM-130, SAM-131,
SAM-132, SAM-133, SAM-879, SAM-914. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 515.

Caryophyllaceae Pink Family

*Polycarpon tetraphyllum* (L.) L. Fourleaf manyseed. Naturalized annual.
Rare, noted only in sandy soil at base of wall of Mission San José.
Voucher: Carr & Price 20985. Photo: SAM-776. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 523.

\**Silene antirrhina* L. Sticky catchfly, sleepy catchfly. Native
annual. Occasional in old fields; reported by Van Auken (1981) from all
mission sites. Voucher: Carr 20731. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 527.

*Stellaria media* (L.) Vill. Common chickweed. Naturalized annual.
Occasional weed in lawns; also in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr
20549. Photo: SAM-721. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 527.

Celastraceae Staff-tree Family

*Schaefferia cuneifolia* Gray. Desert yaupon, panalero. Native shrub.
Rare in area but locally frequent in brushy upland woodland ca. 100-500
N of I-410 ft. from points 0.2-0.4 mi W of its bridges over San Antonio
River, in Labores de Espada. Vouchers: Carr 19898; Carr & Gallyoun
20345, Carr 21360. Photo: SAM-514.

Ceratophyllaceae Hornwort Family

*Ceratophyllum demersum* L. Common hornwort. Native annual submersed
aquatic. Locally common in Acequia de Espada from Ashley/Mission Rd.
bridge downstream to beyond Espada Aqueduct. Vouchers: Carr 21102, Carr
21133. Photo: SAM-938. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 531.

Chenopodiaceae Goosefoot Family

\**Chenopodium album* L. Lamb\'s-quarters. Naturalized annual. Reported
by Van Auken (1981) from four mission sites. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 537.

*Chenopodium berlandieri* Moq. Berlandier goosefoot. Native annual.
Occasional in upland woodlands and disturbed sites. Vouchers: Carr &
Benesh 19815; Carr 20109; Carr 21202. Photo: SAM-1042. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 537.

*Monolepis nuttallianus* (Schult.) Greene. Nuttall\'s monolepis. Native
annual. Rare in area, noted only around bare spot on lawn within
compound at Mission Espada, at N29^o^19.065, W098^o^27.056 +/- 12.3 ft.,
on 25 April 2002. Voucher: Carr 20772. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 541.

Commelinaceae Dayflower Family

*Commelina erecta* L. var. *angustifolia* (Michx.) Fern. Common
dayflower. Native perennial. Frequent to common in upland woodlands and
old fields. Voucher: Carr 19861. Photo: SAM-072, SAM-073, SAM-074,
SAM-373, SAM-380. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1099.

*Commelina erecta* L. var. *erecta*. Common dayflower. Native perennial.
Occasional in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20894. Photo: see SAM-072,
SAM-073, SAM-074, SAM-373, SAM-380. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 1099.

\**Commelina erecta* L. var. *deamiana* Fern. Deam\'s dayflower. Native
perennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from all mission sites.

*Setcreasea purpurea* Boom or *Setcreasea pallida* Rose \"Purple
Heart\". Purple wandering Jew. Introduced perennial cultivar. Planted at
landscapes at Mission San Juan and Mission Concepción. Photo: SAM-224,
SAM-406.

\**Tinantia anomala* (Torr.) C. B. Clarke \[*Commelinantia anomala*
(Torr.) Tharp\]. Widow\'s tears, false dayflower. Native annual. Common
to locally abundant during spring in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr
20464. Photo: SAM-574, SAM-603, SAM-719. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1103.

\**Tradescantia occidentalis* (Britt.) Smyth. Western spiderwort. Native
perennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from four mission sites. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1105.

*Tradescantia* sp. \[not *T. occidentalis*\]. Spiderwort. Native
perennial. Frequent on mission lawns; occasional in old fields and both
upland and riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20537. Photo: SAM-633,
SAM-634, SAM-710, SAM-711.

Unknown. Introduced perennial with gray-green foliage. Planted around
rocks in shaded depression (old quarry pit) on W side of lawn in front
of Mission Concepción, at N29^o^23.439\', W098^o^29.534\' +/- 16.3 ft.

Convolvulaceae Morning-glory Family

*Convolvulus arvensis* L. Field bindweed. Naturalized perennial.
Scattered in old fields, lawns and athletic fields; large colony in mown
lawn on S side of Mission San José at N29^o^21.545\', W098^o^28.765\'.
Vouchers: Carr 19775; Carr 21162; Carr 21182. Photo: SAM-968, SAM-1046.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 553.

\**Convolvulus equitans* Benth. Common bindweed. Native perennial
herbaceous vine. Occasional in upland old fields and lawns. Vouchers:
Carr 19827; Carr 19848. Photo: SAM-079, SAM-080, SAM-081. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 553.

\**Dichondra carolinensis* Michx. Carolina ponyfoot. Native perennial.
Occasional in mission lawns and along margins of riparian woodlands.
Voucher: Carr 20815; Carr & Benesh 20920. Photo: SAM-653. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 553.

*Ipomaea carnea* Jacq. var. *fistulosa* (Choisy) Austin. Shrubby
morning-glory. Introduced shrub. One large individual on south side of
building in southwest corner of Mission Espada complex, at
N29^o^19.076\', W098^o^27.071\' +/- 13.7 ft. Photo: SAM-144, SAM-145,
SAM-146.

\**Ipomaea cordatotriloba* Dennstaedt \[*Ipomaea trichocarpa* Ell. var.
*trichocarpa*; *Ipomaea trichocarpa* Ell. var. *australis* O\'Donnell;
*Ipomaea trichocarpa* Ell. var. *torreyana* (Gray) Shinners\]. Common
morning-glory. Native perennial herbaceous vine. Occasional in upland
woodlands and on lawns and athletic fields. Voucher: Carr 20890. Photo:
SAM-075, SAM-076, SAM-077, SAM-180, SAM-181, SAM-182, SAM-1001. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 557.

*Ipomaea hederacea* Jacq. Ivyleaf morning-glory. Native annual vine.
Rare in area, one patch on fenceline on N side of paved road toward N
end of San Juan Dam tract. Voucher: Carr 21275. Photo: SAM-1119. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 557.

\**Merremia dissecta* (Jacq.) Hall. f. \[*Ipomaea dissecta* (Jacq.)
Pers.; *Ipomaea sinuata* Ort.\] Alamo-vine, correhuela de las doce.
Native perennial herbaceous vine. Frequent in old fields and upland
woodlands; also utilized in landscapes around missions. Voucher: Carr
21067. Photos: SAM-334, SAM-335, SAM-336, SAM-337, SAM-1094. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 559.

Cornaceae Dogwood Family

\**Cornus drummondii* C. A. Mey. Roughleaf dogwood. Native shrub. Common
in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20794. Photo: SAM-129, SAM-139,
SAM-140, SAM-816, SAM-842. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 563.

Cucurbitaceae Gourd Family

*Cucumis melo* L. Muskmelon. Naturalized annual. One colony in graded
unshaded area along top of slope along W side of new channel of San
Antonio River, E edge of hike-and-bike trail just N of first footbridge
N of I-410, at GPS point N29^o^19.471\', W098^o^27.289\'; also in
woodland to W (clearly NPS property) but not flowering in that setting.
Voucher: Carr & Gallyoun 20344. Photo: SAM-518, SAM-519. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 567.

\**Cucurbita foetidissima* Kunth. Stinking gourd. Native annual
herbaceous vine. Rare to locally abundant in old fields near Mission
Concepción and in disturbed areas at Mission San José. Voucher: Carr
20816. Photo: SAM-107, SAM-413, SAM-877. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 567.

*Ibervillea lindheimeri* (Gray) Greene. Balsam gourd, Lindheimer
balsam-apple. Native perennial herbaceous vine. Occasional in upland
woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20808. Photo: SAM-515, SAM-775, SAM-839,
SAM-909. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 571.

\**Melothria pendula* L. Melonette, meloncito. Native annual herbaceous
vine. Occasional in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20102. Photo:
SAM-417, SAM-418. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 571.

Cyperaceae Sedge Family

*Carex bulbostylis* Mack. Globose caric-sedge. Native perennial. Rare in
riparian woodlands. Vouchers: Carr 20459; Carr 20766; Carr 20796; Carr
20818. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1117.

*Carex emoryi* Dew. Emory sedge. Native perennial. Rare in area, local
along E bank of Acequia de Espada ca. 0.4 mi (by trail) N of Ashley Rd.,
at N29^o^20.410\', W098^o^27.668\' +/- 23.0 ft. Voucher: Carr 20820.
Photo: SAM-1157. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1121.

*Carex leavenworthii* Dewey. Leavenworth sedge. Native perennial. A few
plants in shade of tall trees on N and E sides of Mission Concepción;
also locally common on partially shaded lawn on S side of Ashley Rd.
just E of bridge over old channel of San Antonio River, on NW corner of
grounds of Mission San Juan. Voucher: Carr 20540. Photo: SAM-707,
SAM-708. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1125.

\**Carex muhlenbergii* Schkuhr. Muhlenberg sedge. Native perennial.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from all mission sites. Line drawing: Diggs
et al. (1999), p. 1127.

*Carex tetrastachya* Scheele \[*Carex brittoniana* Bailey\]. Britton
sedge. Native perennial. Locally abundant in sewage swale on San Juan
Dam Tract; a small colony on moist clay bank of Acequia de Espada ca.
2000 ft. N of Ashley Rd. Voucher: Carr 20744. Photo: SAM-806. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1129.

*Cyperus erythrorhizos* Muhl. Redroot umbrellasedge. Native annual. Rare
in area, noted only on piles of clay dredged in 2002 from Acequia de
Espada north of Mission / Ashley Rd. Voucher: Carr 21226. Photo:
SAM-1086. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1137.

\**Cyperus ochraceus* Vahl. Umbrella-sedge. Native perennial. Occasional
along waterways. Voucher: Carr 19789. Photo: SAM-218, SAM-219.

\**Cyperus odoratus* L. Common umbrellasedge. Native annual. Rare on
unshaded bank of Acequia de Espada at W edge of Mission Espada. Voucher:
Carr 21277. Photo: SAM-1121. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1139.

\**Cyperus papyrus* L. Papyrus. Introduced perennial. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Mission Concepción.

*Cyperus rotundus* L. Purple nutsedge. Naturalized perennial. Common
weed in old fields, mission lawns and garden beds. Voucher: Carr 21161.
Photo: SAM-404, SAM-405, SAM-966. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1141.

\**Eleocharis montevidensis* Kunth. Montevideo spikesedge. Native
perennial. Occasional on bank of old river channel upstream from old
Espada Dam; a few plants in wet spot at foot of W end of Espada
Aqueduct. Voucher: Carr 20544. Photo: SAM-717, SAM-718. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1149.

\**Schoenoplectus tabermaemontani* (Gmel.) Palla \[*Scirpus validus*
Vahl; *Scirpus tabermaemontani* Gmel.\]. Softstem bulrush. Native
perennial. Local, one large colony in pond upstream from old Espada Dam
in Espada Park, at N29^o^20.837\', W098^o^28.070\' +/- 21.6 ft. Also
reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada. Voucher: Carr 19795.
Photo: SAM-199, SAM-495. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1159.

Ebenaceae Ebony Family

\**Diospyros texana* Scheele. Texas persimmon. Native shrub. Occasional
in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Carré 20787. Photo: SAM-310,
SAM-516, SAM-1059. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 583.

Elaeagnaceae Russian-Olive Family

*Elaeagnus macrophylla* Thunb. Silverberry. Introduced shrub. One shrub
ca. 5 m tall in riparian woodland along San Juan Woodland Tril, at
N29^o^19.918\', W098^o^27.394\' +/- 16.1 ft.; escape from cultivation?
Voucher: Carr 19784. Photo: SAM-171, SAM-172.

Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family

\**Acalypha lindheimeri* Muell. Arg. \[*Acalypha phleoides* Cav.\]
Lindheimer copperleaf. Native perennial. Rare, noted only in baseball
diamonds on S side of W. Theo Ave. W of Mission Concepción. Voucher:
Carr 19870. Photo: SAM-113, SAM-114. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 587.

*Acalypha ostryifolia* Riddell. Hornbeam copperleaf. Native annual.
Occasional along woodland margins and in disturbed sites. Vouchers: Carr
20381; Carr 21152. Photo: SAM-501. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
587.

*Argythamnia humilis* (Engelm & Gray) Muell. Arg. var. *humilis*
\[*Ditaxis humilis* (Engelm. & Gray) Pax var. *humilis*\]. Low
wild-mercury. Native perennial. Rare in old field at San Juan Dam tract.
Voucher: Carr 19808. Photo: SAM-949. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 603.

\**Croton monanthogynus* Michx. One-seed croton, prairie tea. Native
annual. Occasional in old fields. Voucher: Carr 19858. Photo: SAM-1000.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 603.

\**Euphorbia albomarginata* T. & G \[*Chamaesyce albomarginata* (T. &
G.) Small. White-margin matspurge. Native perennial. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Mission Espada. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
591.

\**Euphorbia cyathophora* Murr. \[*Poinsettia cyathophora* (Murr.) Kl. &
Gke. Wild poinsettia. Native annual. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from
Espada / Acequia Park. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 607.

\**Euphorbia dentata* Michx. \[*Poinsettia dentata* (Michx.) Kl. &
Gke.\] Toothed spurge. Native annual. Occasional in old fields and dry
disturbed sites. Voucher: Carr 19850. Photo: SAM-078, SAM-371, SAM-372,
SAM-970. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 607.

*Euphorbia hirta* L. \[*Chamaesyce hirta* (L.) Millsp.\] Introduced
annual. Apparently a greenhouse weed that persists in outdoor gardens
after introduction with nursery stock. Voucher: Carr 19879. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 595.

*Euphorbia nutans* Lag. \[*Chamaesyce nutans* (Lag.) Small\] Eyebane,
nodding spurge. Native annual. Occasional in old fields and in gravel in
creekbeds. Voucher: Carr 19851. Photo: SAM-375, SAM-376, SAM-997,
SAM-1148. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 597.

*Euphorbia prostrata* Ait. \[*Chamaesyce prostrata* (Ait.) Small\]
Prostrate matspurge. Native annual. Occasional in dry disturbed sites at
Mission San José. Vouchers: Carr 19782, 19783, Carr 19889, Carr 21185.
Photo: SAM-462. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 597.

*Euphorbia serpens* H.B.K. \[*Chamaesyce serpens* (H.B.K.) Small\]
Smooth matspurge. Native annual. Rare in old fields. Voucher: Carr
20759; Carr 21179. Photo: SAM-1006, SAM-1074. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 597.

*Euphorbia spathulata* Lam. \[*Tithymalus spathulatus* (Lam.) Weber\]
Warty spurge. Native annual. Rare in old fields and upland woodlands.
Voucher: Carr 20804. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 609.

*Euphorbia* sp. Introduced annual. Rare, noted only under boxwood
(*Buxus sempervirens*) shrubs planted in heavily irrigated garden boxes
in front of convento at Mission San José, 11 June 2002. Voucher: Carr &
Benesh 21061. Photo: SAM-875.

*Phyllanthus polygonoides* Spreng. Knotweed leaf-flower. Native
perennial. Occasional in old fields and openings in upland woodlands.
Voucher: Carr 20807. Photo: SAM-919, SAM-998. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 613.

\**Sapium sebiferum* (L.) Roxb. Chinese tallow. Naturalized tree. Rather
rare in area: a few trees along Sixmile (Piedras) Creek between Espada
Rd. bridge and hike-and-bike trail downstream; a few trees (mostly
small) along impoundment behind old Espada Dam at Espada Park; one
sapling along Acequia de Espada N of Mission/Ashley Rd. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Mission San José but apparently not extant at that
site. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 20916. Photo: SAM-223, SAM-861. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 615.

*Tragia brevispica* Engelm. & Gray. Climbing noseburn. Native perennial.
Occasional in old fields at Labores de San Juan. Vouchers: Carr 19823,
Carr 20912. Photo: SAM-1100, SAM-1131. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 615.

*Tragia ramosa* Torr. Common noseburn. Native perennial. Occasional in
old fields at Labores de San Juan. Voucher: Carr 19845. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 615.

Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Legume Family

\**Acacia minuata* (M. E. Jones) Beauchamp \[*Acacia smallii* Isely;
*Acacia farnesiana* of Texas authors\]. Huisache. Native tree or large
shrub. Common in upland and riparian woodlands; also utilized in
landscapes around missions and in city parks along San Antonio River.
Voucher: Carr 19837. Photo: SAM-930. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 627.

\**Albizia julibrissin* Dur. Silktree mimosa. Introduced tree or large
shrub. One declining tree (stump sprouts 2 ft. tall in July 2002) on
lawn N of visitor center at Mission San José. Photo: SAM-928. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 627.

*Astragalus nuttallianus* DC. var. *trichocarpus* T. & G. Annual
milkvetch. Native annual. Rare in old fields along Villamain. Voucher:
Carr 20473. Photo: SAM-670. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 633.

*Astragalus nuttallianus* DC. var. ?? Milkvetch. Native annual. Rare on
lawn just outside low wall at E edge of Mission Espada. Voucher: Carr
20553. Photo: SAM-724, SAM-725.

*Caesalpinia pulcherrima* L. Pride-of Barbados, dwarf poinciana, showy
caesalpinia. Introduced shrub. Planted in landscape at Mission San José.
Photo: SAM-188, SAM-189.

\**Cercis canadensis* L. var. *texensis* (S. Wats.) M. Hopk. Texas
redbud. Native tree. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from three mission
sites. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 641.

*Cercis canadensis* L. var. *mexicanus* (Rose) Hopkins. Mexican redbud.
Introduced tree. Planted in landscape at Mission San José. Photo:
SAM-245.

\**Desmanthus illinoensis* (Michx.) MacM. Illinois bundleflower. Native
perennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 653.

\**Desmanthus virgatus* (L.) Willd. var. *depressus* (Humb. & Bonpl.) B.
L. Turner. Sharp-pod bundleflower. Native perennial. Frequent in old
fields and athletic fields; reported by Van Auken (1981) from all
mission sites. Vouchers: Carr 19771, Carr 19786, Carr 19825. Photo:
SAM-137, SAM-138, SAM-1162. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 653.

\**Eysenhardtia texana* Scheele. Texas kidneywood. Native shrub. Rare in
upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20929. Photo: SAM-411, SAM-412, SAM-447,
SAM-488. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 659.

\**Gleditsia triacanthos* L. Honey locust. Introduced tree. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from three mission sites. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 661.

\**Leucaena leucocephala* (Lam.) de Wit. Popinac, lead-tree. Introduced
tree. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José. A cultivated
species of *Leucaena* is still present on the grounds, but its identity
is unknown. Photo: SAM-872.

\**Medicago polymorpha* L. var. *vulgaris* (Benth.) Shinners. Burclover.
Naturalized annual. Occasional weed in mission lawns and old fields.
Voucher: Carr 20465. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 675.

\**Melilotus albus* Medic. White sweet-clover. Naturalized annual. Rare
in upland woodlands at Labores de Espada on W side of San Antonio River;
more common on disturbed banks of channelized sections of San Antonio
River (not NPS property). Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21056 (taken ca. 50
outside NPS property). Photo: SAM-900. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 675.

\**Mimosa latidens* (Small) B. L. Turner \[*Schrankia latidens* (Small)
Schum.\]. Sensitive briar. Native perennial. Occasional in upland old
fields. Vouchers: Carr 19770, Carr 19844. Photo: SAM-082, SAM-083,
SAM-841, SAM-886. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 681.

*Neptunia lutea* (Leavenw.) Benth. Yellowpuff. Native perennial.
Occasional in mown lawns at Mission San José. Voucher: Carr 19776.
Photos: SAM-186, SAM-330, SAM-331. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
681.

\**Parkinsonia aculeata* L. Retama. Native tree or large shrub.
Occasional in upland woodlands and old fields. Voucher: Carr 20892.
Photo: SAM-844. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 685.

\**Prosopis glandulosa* Torr. var. *glandulosa*. Honey mesquite. Native
tree. Common but inconspicuous in old fields, becoming more apparent as
these succeed to upland woodlands; old native trees retained in
landscapes around missions. Voucher: Carr 19871. Photos: SAM-031,
SAM-032, SAM-353. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 689.

\**Rhynchosia minima* (L.) DC. Least snoutbean. Perennial herbaceous
vine, perhaps introduced. Occasional to common in upland woodlands and
old fields. Vouchers: Carr 20379, Carr 20911. Photo: SAM-1005. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 693.

*Rhynchosia senna* Hook. var. *texana* (T. & G.) M. C. Johnst.
\[*Rhynchosia texana* T. & G.\] Texas snoutbean. Native perennial
herbaceous vine. Rare in old field and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr
21131. Photo: SAM-933. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 693.

*Sesbania herbacea* (Mill.) McVaugh \[*Sesbania macrocarpa* Muhl.;
*Sesbania exaltata* (Raf.) Hill\]. Bequilla, coffee-bean sesbania.
Native annual. Rare in dry bed of Acequia de San Juan on San Juan Dam
Tract. Voucher: Carr 20905. Photo: SAM-848. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 699.

*Sophora affinis* T. & G. Eve\'s necklace. Native tree or large shrub.
Rare, one small tree noted along old road in Labores de Espada, at GPS
point: N29^o^19.683\', W098^o^27.489\' +/- 15.7 ft. Voucher: Carr 19892.
Photo: SAM-289, SAM-290. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 699.

\**Sophora secundiflora* (Ort.) DC. Texas mountain-laurel. Native shrub.
Planted in landscapes at Mission San José and Mission Concepción and in
wildscape behind Mission San Juan, but apparently not a member of the
local native flora. Photo: SAM-873, SAM-884. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 699.

\+*Strophostyles helvula* (L.) Britt. Wildbean, sidebeak pencil-flower.
Native perennial herbaceous vine. Local in opening in riparian woodland
along Acequia de Espada ca. 1/4 mi N of Ashley / Mission Rd.; rare in
this area in 2001, locally abundant on piles of clay dredged from
acequia in 2002. Vouchers: Carr 20103; Carr 21225. Photo: SAM-1026
(vegetative); SAM-1085 (flower and fruit). Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 699.

\**Trifolium dubium* Sibth. Small hop-clover. Naturalized annual.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 703.

\**Vicia ludoviciana* Nutt. subsp. *leavenworthii* (T. & G.) Lasseter &
Gunn \[*Vicia leavenworthii* T. & G.\] Leavenworth vetch. Native annual
herbaceous vine. Rare in riparian woodlands and old fields. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 709.

\**Wisteria sinensis* (Sims) Sweet. Chinese wisteria. Introduced woody
vine. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 709.

Fagaceae Beech Family

\**Quercus buckleyi* Nixon & Dorr \[*Quercus texana* of Correll &
Johnston (1970), not Buckl. Texas oak, Spanish oak. Introduced tree,
native elsewhere in Texas but apparently not in the Missions area, where
naturally-occurring oaks of all sorts are scarce or essentially absent.
Newly-planted small trees at Mission Espada, Mission San Juan, in the
San Juan Woodland landscape, and at various other sites may be this
species; *Quercus shumardii* Buckl. could also be present. Photo:
SAM-942. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 715.

*Quercus macrocarpa* Michx. Bur oak. Introduced tree, native to other
parts of Texas. At least two trees planted in landscape on E side of new
channel of San Antonio River near fenced compound around stone building
on San Juan Dam Tract; this site may lie on property of the San Antonio
River Authority rather than the National Park Service. Photo: SAM-1003.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 715.

*Quercus muhlenbergii* Engelm. Chinkapin oak. Introduced tree, native to
other parts of Texas. Several trees planted in landscape on E side of
new channel of San Antonio River near fenced compound around stone
building on San Juan Dam Tract; this site may lie on property of the San
Antonio River Authority rather than the National Park Service. Photo:
SAM-1004. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 717.

*Quercus polymorpha* Schlect. & Cham. Monterrey oak. Introduced tree.
Small trees recently planted in landscapes at Mission Concepción,
Mission San José and Mission Espada. Photo: SAM-155.

\**Quercus virginiana* Mill. Live oak. Presumably native tree.
Occasional in cultivated landscapes around some missions; rare in the
natural landscape in riparian woodlands and as seedlings in old fields.
Voucher: Carr 21066. Photo: SAM-977. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 721. The identity of these plants is problematic; if native, they may
be *Quercus virginiana* Mill. var. *virginiana*, *Quercus virginiana*
Mill. var. *fusiformis* (Small) Sarg., or members of a hybrid swarm. If
introduced, they could be any number of species.

Fumariaceae Fumitory Family

\**Corydalis curvisiliqua* Engelm. var. *curvisiliqua*. Scrambled eggs.
Native annual. Occasional in old fields and riparian woodlands; reported
by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José. Voucher: Carr 20454. Photo:
SAM-597. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 721.

*Fumaria officinalis* L. Common fumitory. Naturalized annual. Occasional
on mown lawns of missions. Voucher: Carr 20445. Photo: SAM-571. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 725.

Garryaceae Silk-tassel Family

\**Garrya ovata* Benth. subsp. *lindheimeri* (Torr.) Dahling \[*Garrya
lindheimeri* Torr.\] Lindheimer silk-tassel. Native shrub. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 725.

Geraniaceae Geranium Family

*Erodium cicutarium* (L.) L\'Hér. Pin clover, alfilaria. Naturalized
annual. Common winter weed of mission lawns. Voucher: Carr 20539. Photo:
SAM-566, SAM-567, SAM-709. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 731.

\**Erodium texanum* Gray. Texas stork\'s-bill. Native annual. Curiously
rare in area, noted only on lawn at Mission Concepción. Voucher: Carr
20538. Photo: SAM-566, SAM-567. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
731.

\**Geranium carolinianum* L. Carolina wild-geranium. Native annual.
Occasional on mission lawns, in old fields and various disturbed sites.
Voucher: Carr 20468. Photo: SAM-672. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 731.

Hydrocharitaceae Frog\'s-bit Family

*Hydrilla verticillata* (L. f.) Royle. Hydrilla. Naturalized submersed
aquatic perennial; a \"federally listed\" noxious weed. Local in Acequia
de Espada ca. 500 ft. S of Ashley Rd., where it is mixed with
*Ceratophyllum demersum*. Vouchers: Carr 19791, Carr 21132. Photo:
SAM-939. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1171.

Hydrophyllaceae Waterleaf Family

*Nama jamaicense* L. Fiddleleaf nama. Native annual. Occasional on
mission lawns, in old fields, on roadbeds, and in openings in various
woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 20921. Photo: SAM-235, SAM-702. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 745.

\**Nemophila phacelioides* Nutt. Blue eyes. Native annual. Common in
riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20461. Photo: SAM-582, SAM-583,
SAM-604, SAM-688, SAM-689. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 745.

\**Phacelia congesta* Hook. Blue curls. Native annual. Occasional in and
along margins of riparian and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Carré
20784-B. Photo: SAM-828. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 745.

Iridaceae Iris Family

\**Iris* sp. Iris. Introduced perennial. A few plants in garden at
Mission Concepción during 1991; removed during summer 2002. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada. Photo: SAM-978.

*Sisyrinchium langloisii* Greene \[incl. *Sisyrinchium pruinosum*
Bickn.\] Blue-eyed grass. Native perennial. Rare in old field at 9243
Villamain. Voucher: Carr 20468. Photo: SAM-674. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 1777.

Juglandaceae Walnut Family

\**Carya illinoinensis* (Wang) K. Koch. Pecan. Native tree. Common in
riparian and upland woodlands; a principal shade tree of parks along San
Antonio River where all competing trees have been removed. Voucher: Carr
& Benesh 20915. Photo: SAM-212. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
751.

\**Juglans nigra* L. Black walnut. Native tree. Reported by Van Auken
(1981) from all mission sites. Noted during these surveys on slope NE of
Mission Espada, where large old trees are fairly common in a somewhat
natural habitat; fruit on these trees is 4.0 cm in diameter when fresh.
A walnut is planted at the NE corner of Mission Concepción; it may or
may not be the same species. Voucher: Carr 19877. Photo: SAM-149,
SAM-150. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 757.

Juncaceae Rush Family

\**Juncus torreyi* Cov. Torrey rush. Native perennial. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1185.

Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Mint Family

*Hedeoma drummondii* Benth. Limoncillo. Native perennial. Rare in area
but locally common in decent grassland remnant at 9243 Villamain Rd. and
in openings in upland woodland on N side of I-410 W of river. Vouchers:
Carr 20370; Carr 20756. Photo: SAM-530, SAM-1041. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 761.

*Hedeoma hispida* Pursh. Rough hedeoma. Native annual. Rare in openings
in upland woodlands on N side of I-410 immediately W of San Antonio
River. Photo: SAM-1010. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 761.

*Lamium amplexicaule* L. Henbit. Naturalized annual. Occasional winter
weed of mission lawns and other disturbed open sites. Voucher: Carr
20453. Photo: SAM-588, SAM-589. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
761.

\**Marrubium vulgare* L. Common horehound. Naturalized perennial.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José. Line drawing: Diggs
et al. (1999), p. 763.

*Monarda citriodora* Cerv. var. *citriodora*. Horsemint. Native annual.
Common in upland woodlands and old fields. Photos: SAM-854. Vouchers:
Carr 19766; Carr 20774; Carr 20908; Carr & Price 20987. Photo: SAM-854.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 767.

\**Monarda pectinata* Nutt. Plains beebalm, prostrate pink horsemint.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from three mission sites. This species
occurs (in Texas) mostly on the Panhandle and is absent from the
south-central Texas. Perhaps the Van Auken record is based on plants
that were cultivated in gardens of the time. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 771.

*Rosmarinus officinalis* L. Rosemary. Introduced shrub. Planted in
gardens at Mission Espada, Mission San Juan and Mission San José. Photo:
SAM-005, SAM-1024.

\**Salvia coccinea* Buch. Scarlet sage, tropical sage. Native annual.
Rare on bank of Sixmile (Piedras) Creek at Espada Aqueduct and along
margin of strip of hackberry woodland along abandoned acequia segment at
Mission Espada. Voucher: Carr 21153. Photo: SAM-437, SAM-836, SAM-1163.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 775.

\**Salvia farinacea* Benth. Mealy sage. Native perennial. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 777.

*Salvia greggii* Gray. Gregg salvia, autumn sage. Introduced
shrub/cultivar. Planted in landscapes at Mission Concepción, Mission
Espada, and Mission San José. Photo: SAM-025 and SAM-026 (white-flowered
form). Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 775.

*Salvia leucantha* Cav. Mexican bush sage. Introduced perennial. Planted
in gardens at Mission Espada and Mission San José. Photo: SAM-250.

*Salvia* sp. Indigo spires. Introduced perennial cultivar. Planted in
landscape at Mission San José. Photo: SAM-023, SAM-535.

*Scutellaria drummondii* Benth. Annual skullcap. Native annual. Rare in
old fields. Photo: SAM-635. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 781.

*Scutellaria* sp. Red skullcap. Introduced perennial. In garden bed at
Mission Espada. Photo: SAM-158, SAM-159.

*Stachys crenata* Raf. Shade betony. Native annual. Rare in upland
woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Carré 20782. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 785.

\**Teucrium canadense* L. American germander. Native perennial. Rare
along E bank of old river channel above old Espada Dam. Voucher: Carr &
Benesh 20914. Photo: SAM-859. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 785.

*Teucrium cubense* Jacq. var. *cubense* \[*Trichostema cubense* Jacq.
subsp. *chamaedrifolium* (Miller) Epling\]. Cuban germander. Native
annual. Rare in area, locally frequent in young open hackberry-soapberry
woodland in Labores de Espada, at GPS point N29^o^19.617\',
W098^o^27.503\' and vicinity. Vouchers: Carr 19891, Carr 21203. Photo:
SAM-1043. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 785.

Lemnaceae Duckweed Family

*Lemna aequinoctialis*. Duckweed. Native annual floating aquatic. Local
in Acequia de Espada ca. 500 ft. S of Ashley Rd. and ca. 2000 ft. N of
Ashley Rd. Voucher: Carr 19790. Photo: SAM-215, SAM-216. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1189.

Liliaceae Lily Family

*Allium canadense* L. var. *canadense*. Canada wild onion. Native
perennial. Occasional to locally common in riparian woodlands. Voucher:
Carr 20551. Photo: SAM-720, SAM-723. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 1195.

\**Asparagus officinalis* L. Asparagus. Introduced perennial. Reported
by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1199.

\**Cooperia drummondii* Herb. Rain-lily, cebolleta. Native perennial.
Common in old fields, athletic fields, mission lawns, etc., after summer
rains. Voucher: Carr 20052. Photo: SAM-367, SAM-368, SAM-374, SAM-973.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1203.

\**Cooperia pedunculata* Herb. Rain lily. Native perennial. Occasional
in old fields and on mission lawns; rare in riparian woodlands. Photo:
SAM-690. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1203.

*Crinum* sp. Introduced perennial. Planted in landscape around shaded
depression (old quarry pit) on W side of lawn in front of Mission
Concepción. Photo: SAM-398, SAM-399. According to flora and fauna binder
at visitor center, these plants may be *Crinum x powellii* Hort. ex Bak.
A *Crinum* species is also planted at the E edge of the grounds at
Mission Espada; perhaps it is the same cultivar.

\**Hymenocallis caroliniana* (L.) Herb. Spider-lily. Introduced
perennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1205.

*Nothoscordum bivalve* (L.) Britt. Crow-poison. Native perennial.
Occasional in old fields and lawns. Voucher: Carr 21231. Photo: SAM-632,
SAM-1095. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1209.

Unknown Liliaceae. Naturalized perennial. Locally common in riparian
woodland along Sixmile (Piedras) Creek from bridge upstream from Espada
Aqueduct downstream to hike-and-bike trail. Voucher: Carr 20799.

Lythraceae Loosestrife Family

*Ammannia coccinea* Rottb. Scarlet ammannia. Native annual. One plant in
Acequia de Espada at culvert under Espada Rd. at SW corner of Mission
Espada grounds, at N29^o^19.030\', W098^o^27.087\' +/- 13.2 ft. Photo:
SAM-010. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 801.

\**Lagerstroemia indica* L. Crape myrtle. Introduced shrub. Planted on
grounds of Mission San José. One shrub, either an escape or a very old
planting, in woodland on bank of Acequia de San Juan on San Juan Dam
tract. Photo: SAM-011. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 801.

Malpighiaceae Malpighia Family

*Malpighia glabra* L. Barbados cherry, manzanita. Introduced shrub. One
large individual (ca. 2 meters tall) along interior west wall of mission
compound, at N29^o^21.716\', W098^o^28.848\' +/- 20.1 ft. Photos:
SAM-351, SAM-352, SAM-906.

*Mascagnia* sp. Purple orchid vine. Introduced woody vine. Climbing on
trellis in front of visitor center at Mission Concepción. Flora and
fauna booklet at visitor center identifies this species as *Miscagnia
lilacina* \[authorship unknown\]. Photo: SAM-925, SAM-1110.

Malvaceae Mallow Family

\**Abutilon fruticosum* Guillemin & Perrottet \[*Abutilon incanum*
(Link.) Sweet\]. Texas Indian-mallow. Native perennial. Occasional in
upland woodlands and old fields. Vouchers: Carr 19838, Carr 19852.
Photo: SAM-533. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 803.

\**Callirhoe leiocarpa* Martin. Poppy mallow, wine-cups. Native annual.
Common in upland woodlands; reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission
Espada. Voucher: Carr & Carré 20785. Photo: SAM-732, SAM-827. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 809.

\**Malva parviflora* L. Cheeseweed, little mallow. Naturalized annual.
Common weed in mission lawns and old fields. Voucher: Carr 20457. Photo:
SAM-593, SAM-594, SAM-595, SAM-722. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 813.

\**Malvastrum coromandelianum* (L.) Gke. Threelobe false-mallow. Native
perennial. Common in lawns, old fields and athletic fields. Voucher:
Carr 20900. Photo: SAM-007, SAM-262, SAM-263. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 813.

\**Malvaviscus arboreus* Cav. var. *drummondii* (T. & G.) Schery.
Turk\'s cap. Native perennial. Occasional to locally common in riparian
woodlands; occasional in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21053.
Photo: SAM-003, SAM-004. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 817.

*Pavonia lasiopetala* Scheele \[*Pavonia wrightii* Gray\]. Rose pavonia.
Shrub native to western Texas, introduced in Missions area. Planted in
landscapes at Mission Concepción and Mission San José; no
naturally-occurring (wild) plants seen. Photo: SAM-162, SAM-163,
SAM-164, SAM-165, SAM-166. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 819.

\**Rhynchosida physocalyx* (Gray) Fryxell \[*Sida physocalyx* Gray\].
Spearleaf sida. Native perennial. Common in lawns and old fields.
Vouchers: Carr 19826, Carr 20724. Photo: SAM-093, SAM-094, SAM-297,
SAM-298, SAM-795. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 819.

\**Sida abutifolia* H. B. K. \[*Sida filicaulis* T. & G.\]. Creeping
yellow sida. Native perennial. Occasional but omnipresent in mown lawns,
athletic fields, old fields and other open areas. Voucher: Carr 19869.
Photo: SAM-329, SAM-1033. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 819.

*Sida spinosa* L. Prickly sida. Native perennial. Rare in old fields and
upland woodlands. Vouchers: Carr 19820, Carr 20108. Photos: SAM-987,
SAM-988. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 819.

Meliaceae Mahogany Family

\**Melia azedarach* L. Chinaberry. Naturalized tree. Common in riparian
and upland woodlands; also planted in landscapes at missions. A current
target of control measures on property of NPS; hundreds of trees were
cut during the course of this survey. Voucher: Carr 20742. Photo:
SAM-395, SAM-396, SAM-805. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 825.

Menispermaceae Moonseed Family

*Cocculus carolinus* (L.) DC. Carolina snailseed. Native woody vine.
Common in riparian and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 19812.
Photo: SAM-236, SAM-237, SAM-240, SAM-427. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 825.

*Cocculus diversifolius* DC. Orientvine, correhuela. Native woody vine.
Locally common in shrubs on grounds of Mission San José. A species of
deep South Texas and northern Mexico, the occurrence of which in the
Missions area is rather curious, perhaps a result of introduction with
landscape plants. Vouchers: Carr 19777, Carr 19832. Photo: SAM-280,
SAM-281.

Moraceae Mulberry Family

\**Broussonetia papyrifera* (L.) Vent. Paper mulberry. Naturalized tree.
Locally common in woodland along E side of South Presa St. just N of
Graf Rd.; rare in woodland along N margin of Mission Espada. Voucher:
Carr 19895. Photo: SAM-307, SAM-308, SAM-309. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 829.

*Fatoua villosa* (Thunb.) Nakai. \[No common name.\] Introduced annual.
Weed in garden beds at Mission Concepción and Mission Espada. Vouchers:
Carr 19774, Carr 19878. Photo: SAM-160, SAM-161. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 829.

\**Ficus carica* L. Common fig. Naturalized shrub. Occasional in
landscapes around missions; escaped into riparian woodlands at various
spots. Voucher: Carr 20897. Photos: SAM-151, SAM-152, SAM-853. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 829.

\**Morus alba* L. White mulberry, Asian mulberry. Naturalized tree.
Common in riparian woodlands; occasional in upland woodlands. Voucher:
Carr 19800. Photo: SAM-170, SAM-174. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 833.

\**Morus rubra* L. Red mulberry. Native tree. Although most of the
mulberries in the project area to be the exotic *Morus alba*, a few seem
to be the native *Morus rubra*. Voucher: Carr 20812. Photo: SAM-1147.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 833.

Myricaceae Wax-myrtle Family

*Myrica* sp. Wax-myrtle. Introduced shrub. Planted in landscape at
Mission San José. According to flora and fauna binder in visitor center,
this is dwarf wax-myrtle (*Myrica pusilla* Raf.). Photo: SAM-029,
SAM-030.

Nyctaginaceae Four-o\'clock Family

*Acleisanthes longiflora* Gray. Angel trumpets. Native perennial. Rare
in area, noted in cleared grassy area along W side of hike & bike trail
immediately N of Mission Espada and in upland woodland N of I-410
nearby. Voucher: Carr 21232. Photo: SAM-489, SAM-1098.

*Acleisanthes obtusa* (Choisy) Standl. Berlandier trumpets. Native
perennial. Locally common in compacted soil in barish spots in lawn on
east side of Mission Espada complex; rare to locally common in upland
woodlands. Vouchers: Carr 19880, Carr & Gallyoun 20352. Photo: SAM-156,
SAM-157, SAM-459, SAM-460, SAM-461, SAM-463, SAM-511, SAM-512.

\**Boerhavia diffusa* L. \[*Boerhavia coccinea* Mill.\] Scarlet
spiderling. Native perennial. Common weed in lawns, athletic fields, old
fields and other open disturbed sites. Voucher: Carr 19862. Photos:
SAM-392, SAM-1078. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 837.

*Boerhavia erecta* L. Erect spiderling. Native annual. Relatively rare
in area, occurring mostly as a wide of cracks in pavement of streets and
sidewalks. Voucher: Carr 19819. Photos: SAM-1079, SAM-1080. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 841.

*Bougainvillea* sp. Bougainvillea. Introduced shrub. Planted in
landscape at Mission San Juan; apparently died during winter of 2002.
Also in pots at Mission Espada. Photo: SAM-1023.

*Mirabilis albida* (Walt.) Heimerl. Whitestem four\'clock. Native
perennial. Rare in area, encountered only in upland woodland on N side
of I-410 immediately W of hike & bike trail on W side of river. Voucher:
Carr 21192. Photo: SAM-1020, SAM-1021. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 841.

\**Mirabilis jalapa* L. \[*Mirabilis lindheimeri* (Standl.) Shinners\].
Common four-o\'clock. Naturalized perennial. Occasional in riparian and
upland woodlands and along woodland margins; also planted in landscapes
around missions (e.g., at Mission San José). Voucher: Carr 21101. Photo:
SAM-503, SAM-504. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 843.

*Mirabilis linearis* (Pursh) Heimerl. Slenderleaf four-o\'clock,
umbrella-wort. Native perennial. Locally frequent in old field on San
Juan Dam Tract. Voucher: Carr 19843. Photo: SAM-084, SAM-085, SAM-086,
SAM-369. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 843.

\**Nyctaginea capitata* Choisy. Scarlet muskflower. Native perennial.
Occasional but unduly conspicuous (when flowering) in old fields and
upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 19763. Photo: SAM-014, SAM-015, SAM-016,
SAM-017, SAM-103, SAM-104, SAM-105, SAM-106. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 843.

Oleaceae Olive Family

\**Forestiera angustifolia* Torr. Panalero, narrowleaf elbowbush, desert
olive. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park.

*Fraxinus berlandieriana* DC. Fresno, ash. Native tree. Occasional in
riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 19799. Photo: SAM-847.

*Fraxinus velutina* Torr. Arizona ash. Introduced tree. Planted in
landscape at Mission San José. Photo: SAM-882.

*Jasmimum mesnyi* Hance. Yellow jasmine, primrose jasmine. Introduced
shrub. Several large shrubs planted in a row on southeast side of church
at Mission San José, at N29^o^21.725\', W098^o^28.784\' +/- 14.4 ft.
Photo: SAM-346.

*Ligustrum japonicum* Thunb. Japanese ligustrum, waxleaf ligustrum.
Naturalized shrub. Common in riparian and upland woodlands; also
utilized in landscapes around missions. Voucher: Carr 19797. Photo:
SAM-394. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 851.

\**Ligustrum quihoui* Carrière. Ligustrum. Naturalized shrub. Reported
by Van Auken (1981) from four mission sites. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 851.

*Ligustrum sinense* Lour. Chinese ligustrum. Naturalized shrub. Rare in
riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21094. Photo: SAM-915. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 851.

\**Menodora heterophylla* (Moric.) DC. Redbud menodora. Native
perennial. Occasional in openings in upland woodlands and in old field
on San Juan Dam Tract; reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San
José. Voucher: Carr 20728. Photo: SAM-756, SAM-802, SAM-803. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 853.

Onagraceae Evening-Primrose Family

*Gaura coccinea* Pursh. Scarlet gaura. Native perennial. Frequent in
upland woodlands and old fields. Vouchers: Carr 19767, Carr 19831, Carr
19860. Photo: SAM-069, SAM-070, SAM-071. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 857.

\**Gaura drummondii* (Spach) T. & G. \[*Gaura odorata* Lag.\]. Wild
honeysuckle. Native annual. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from four
mission sites. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 857.

\**Gaura parviflora* Doug. Smallflower gaura. Native annual. Common in
upland woodlands; occasional in old fields. Vouchers: Carr 19867; Carr
20745. Photo: SAM-790. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 857.

*Gaura sinuata* Nutt ex. Ser. Wavyleaf gaura. Native perennial. Frequent
in same habitats as *Gaura coccinea*, but blooming earlier in season.
Vouchers: Carr 20726, Carr 20910. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
857.

*Ludwigia octovalvis* (Jacq.) Raven. Tall water-primrose. Native annual.
Occasional along acequias and old river channels. Voucher: Carr 20098.
Photo: SAM-415, SAM-1031, SAM-1084. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 861.

*Oenothera rosea* Ait. Evening-primrose. Native annual. Rare on mudflat
along impoundment behind old Espada Dam in Espada Park. Voucher: Carr
20546. Photo: SAM-716.

\**Oenothera speciosa* Nutt. Pink evening-primrose. Native perennial.
Occasional in old fields and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20727.
Photo: SAM-673. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 867.

*Oenothera triloba* Nutt. Stemless evening-primrose. Native perennial.
Occasional on exterior lawns at Mission San José and Mission Espada;
numerous plants in northwest corner of lawn at Mission Concepción.
Voucher: Carr 20554. Photo: SAM-572. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 867.

Oxalidaceae Wood-Sorrel Family

\**Oxalis dillenii* Jacq. \[*Oxalis stricta* L.\] Yellow sour-clover.
Native annual. Occasional in upland woodlands and old fields. Voucher:
Carr 20750. Photo: SAM-393. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 871.

*Oxalis drummondii* Gray. Drummond wood-sorrel. Native perennial.
Locally common in shaded lawns at Mission San Juan and Mission Espada.
Voucher: Carr 20072. Photo: SAM-402, SAM-403, SAM-1092. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 871.

*Oxalis* sp. Wood-sorrel. Native perennial. Locally common under anacuas
around old quarry pit at Mission Concepción.

Papaveraceae Poppy Family

\**Argemone albiflora* Hornem. subsp. *texanum* Ownbey. White
prickly-poppy. Native annual or biennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981)
from Mission Espada. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 875.

*Argemone aurantiaca* G. Ownbey. Hill prickly-poppy. Native annual or
biennial. Occasional in old fields and other dry open disturbed sites.
Voucher: Carr 19829. Photo: SAM-111, SAM-112. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 875.

Passifloraceae Passionflower Family

*Passiflora foetida* L. var. *gossypifolia* (Desv. ex Hamilt.) Masters.
Corona de Cristo, white passionflower. Native annual vine. Occasional
along margins of upland woodlands and in athletic fields at Mission San
José and W of Mission Concepción. In flower and early fruit, 1 August
2001; flowers closed at noon. Voucher: Carr 19873. Photo: SAM-118,
SAM-119, SAM-397, SAM-1034, SAM-1106.

\**Passiflora incarnata* L. Blue passionflower, maypop, passionaria.
Native perennial herbaceous vine. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from
Espada / Acequia Park. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 879.

*Passiflora tenuiloba* Engelm. Spread-lobe passionflower, albatross
passionflower. Native perennial herbaceous vine. Apparently rare in
area, noted only in older-growth thornscrub at S end of Labores de
Espada. Photo: SAM-739. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 879.

Phytolaccaceae Pokeweed Family

\**Phytolacca americana* L. Pokeweed. Native annual. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Mission Concepción. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 885.

\**Rivina humilis* L. Pigeonberry. Native perennial. Occasional in
riparian woodland along Acequia de Espada N of Ashley Rd.; also in
gardens at some missions, where apparently planted. Vouchers: Carr
20924; Carr 21149. Photo: SAM-400, SAM-401, SAM-425, SAM-426. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 885.

Plantaginaceae Plantain Family

\**Plantago major* L. Major plantain. Naturalized perennial. Rare on E
bank of old river channel above old Espada Dam; during 2001-2002, the
one or two plants in this area were repeatedly trampled by fishermen,
rendering impossible the collection of a useful voucher specimen.
Vegetative rosettes observed in March and April 2002 along the San
Antonio River near Mission disappeared before flowering. San Juan Photo:
SAM-858. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 887.

\**Plantago rhodosperma* Dcne. Redseed plantain. Native annual.
Occasional in old fields and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20797.
Photo: SAM-700. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 887.

Platanaceae Plane-tree Family

\**Platanus occidentalis* L. Eastern sycamore. Native tree. Essentially
absent from area. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José;
not seen in 2001-2002. Several recently-planted small tree were observed
in 2001 along San Antonio River near San Juan Dam; these trees were dead
by fall 2002. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 889.

Poaceae (Gramineae) Grass Family

\**Aristida purpurea* Nutt. var. *purpurea*. Purple threeawn. Native
perennial. Occasional in old fields and compacted soils of athletic
fields and missions grounds. Vouchers: Carr 19804, Carr 20380. Photo:
SAM-922. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1245.

\**Aristida purpurea* Nutt. var. *longiseta* (Steud.) Vasey \[*Aristida
longiseta* Steud.\]. Longawn threeawn. Native perennial. Occasional in
old fields; reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1245.

\**Aristida purpurea* Nutt. var. *wrightii* (Nash) Allred \[*Aristida
wrightii* Nash\]. Wright threeawn. Native perennial. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from three mission sites. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1245.

\**Arundo donax* L. Giant cane. Naturalized perennial. Common on banks
of waterways and in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21353.
Photo: SAM-937, SAN-1158. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1245.

*Avena sativa* L. Oats. Introduced annual. Occasional volunteer in old
field S of Mission San Juan. Voucher: Carr 20775. Photo: SAM-796. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1249.

\**Bothriochloa ischaemum* (L.) Keng var. *songarica* (Rupr.) Celerier &
Harlan. King Ranch bluestem. Naturalized perennial. Planted in athletic
fields and lawns around some missions; locally common in some old
fields. Voucher: Carr 20375. Photo: SAM-969. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1249.

\**Bothriochloa laguroides* (DC.) Herter subsp. *torreyana* (Steud.)
Allred & Gould \[*Bothriochloa saccharoides* (Sw.) Rydb. var.
*torreyana* (Steud.) Gould\]. Silver bluestem. Native perennial.
Occasional along margins of upland woodlands, in old fields, athletic
fields and lawns. Voucher: Carr 20923. Photo: SAM-534. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1249.

*Bouteloua curtipendula* (Michx.) Rydb. Sideoats grama. Native
perennial. Rare in area, a few plants at edge of garden in front of
visitor center at Mission San José, at GPS point N29^o^21.622\',
W098^o^28.803\' +/- 12.7 ft. Perhaps introduced with garden stock.
Photos: SAM-344, SAM-345. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1249.

\**Bromus catharticus* Vahl \[*Bromus unioloides* (Willd.) Kunth\].
Rescuegrass. Naturalized annual. Common in all habitats, one of the most
ubiquitous elements of the spring flora. Voucher: Carr 20809. Photo:
SAM-678. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1251.

*Bromus japonicus* Thunb. ex Murr. Japanese brome. Naturalized annual.
Occasional in old fields and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Carré
20784. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1255.

*Buchloe dactyloides* (Nutt.) Engelm. Buffalograss. Native perennial.
Occasional in old field on San Juan Dam Tract and on lawn at Mission
Espada. Voucher: Carr 20740. Photo: SAM-1045, SAM-1139. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1255.

\**Cenchrus spinifex* Cav. \[*Cenchrus incertus* Curtis\]. Sandburgrass.
Native perennial. Occasional in lawns and old fields. Voucher: Carr &
Price 20989. Photo: SAM-452, SAM-999. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 1255.

\**Chasmanthium latifolium* (Michx.) Yates. Creek oats, inland sea oats.
Native perennial. Occasional to common in riparian woodlands. Voucher:
Carr 20898. Photo: SAM-125. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1257.

*Chloris ciliata* Sw. Fringed chloris. Native perennial. Occasional in
upland woodlands. Vouchers: Carr 20106; Carr 20378; Carr 21205. Photo:
SAM-1061.

*Chloris cucullata* Bisch. Hooded windmillgrass. Native perennial.
Occasional in lawns, old fields and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr
19805. Photo: SAM-153, SAM-154, SAM-453. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1257.

\**Chloris x subdolichostachya* Mueller \[*Chloris cucullata x Chloris
verticillata*\] Windmillgrass. Native perennial. Reported by Van Auken
(1981) from Mission Espada. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1257.

*Chloris verticillata* Nutt. Tumble windmillgrass. Native perennial.
Occasional in openings in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20095. Photo:
SAM-1063. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1257.

\**Cynodon dactylon* (L.) Pers. var. *dactylon*. Bermudagrass.
Naturalized perennial. The common lawn grass throughout; also seeded in
hay meadows (old fields), persisting as these fields succeed to mesquite
woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20895. Photo: SAM-033. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 1261.

*Dichanthium annulatum* (Forsk.) Stapf. var. *annulatum*. Kleberg
bluestem. Naturalized perennial. Planted on cleared slopes along San
Antonio River and escaped into upland woodlands and old fields.
Vouchers: Carr 19828, Carr 20054. Photo: SAM-067, SAM-068, SAM-381,
SAM-956. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1265.

*Dichanthium aristatum* Stapf. Angleton bluestem. Naturalized perennial.
Rare in area, noted only on bank of Acequia de Espada at W edge of
grounds of Mission Espada. Voucher: Carr 21278. Photo: SAM-1122.

*Dichanthium sericeum* (R. Br.) A. Camus. Silky bluestem. Naturalized
perennial. Occasional in old fields. Voucher: Carr 20369. Photo:
SAM-362, SAM-363, SAM-531.

*Digitaria ciliaris* (Retz.) Koel. \[*Digitaria adscendens* (H.B.K.)
Henrard\]. Southern crabgrass. Naturalized perennial. Rare in area, a
few plants at edge of garden in front of visitor center at Mission San
José. Voucher: Carr 21128. Photo: SAM-929. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1265.

*Digitaria cognata* (Schult.) Pilger subsp. *cognata* \[*Leptoloma
cognatum* (Schult.) Chase\]. Fall witchgrass. Native perennial. Rare in
old fields. Voucher: Carr 20367. Photo: SAM-950. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 1265.

*Echinochloa colona* (L.) Link. Junglerice. Naturalized annual. Weed in
garden beds at Mission Espada. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1267.

*Echinochloa crus-galli* (L.) Beauv. Barnyardgrass. Naturalized annual.
Occasional on banks of acequias and in drier disturbed sites. Photo:
SAM-028. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1267.

*Echinochloa walteri* (Pursh) Heller. Walter\'s echinochloa. Native
annual. Rare in area, noted only on bank of Acequia de Espada ca. 1/2 mi
N of Ashley / Mission Rd. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21350. Photo: SAM-1154.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1267.

*Eleusine indica* (L.) Gaertn. Goosegrass. Naturalized annual. Weed in
lawn at Mission Concepción, Mission Espada and Mission San Juan; larger
plants occasional along old river channel at Espada Park. Voucher: Carr
19773; Carr 19883. Photo: SAM-1126. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 1267.

\**Elymus canadensis* L. Canada wild-rye. Native perennial. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from five mission tracts; not observed during surveys
of 2001-2002. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1271.

*Elymus virginicus* L. var. *virginicus*. Virginia wildrye. Native
perennial. Frequent in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20767. Photos:
SAM-764, SAM-765. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1271.

*Eragrostis barrelieri* Daveau. Mediterranean lovegrass. Naturalized
annual. Local in unpaved roadbeds and other unshaded sites offering
minimal competition. Voucher: Carr 19853. Photo: SAM-1053. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1271.

*Eragrostis curtipedicellata* Buckl. Gummy lovegrass. Native perennial.
Rare in old fields. Voucher: Carr 21177. Photo: SAM-1002. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1271.

*Eragrostis intermedia* A. S. Hitchc. Plains lovegrass. Native
perennial. Occasional in old fields. Vouchers: Carr 20374; Carr 21124;
Carr 21178; Carr 21188. Photos: SAM-923, SAM-1057. Line drawing: Diggs
et al. (1999), p. 1273. Some of these specimens approach *Eragrostis
hirsuta* (Michx.) Nees (bigtog lovegrass), another native perennial.

\**Hordeum pusillum* Nutt. Little barley, southwestern barley. Native
annual. Common in old fields and on mission lawns. Voucher: Carr 20721.
Photo: SAM-787. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1279.

*Hordeum leporinum* L. Hare barley. Naturalized annual. Noted only on
lawn within compound at Mission San Juan. Voucher: Carr 20765. Photo:
SAM-820. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1279.

*Leersia oryzoides* (L.) Swartz. Rice cut-grass. Native perennial. Rare
in area, noted only along margin on impoundment upstream from Old Espada
Dam. Voucher: Carr & Gallyoun 20354. Photo: SAM-863. Line drawing: Diggs
et al. (1999), p. 1283.

*Leptochloa dubia* (Kunth) Nees. Green sprangletop. Native perennial.
Apparently rare in area, noted only on embankment along hike & bike
trail along W side of San Antonio River ca. 0.2 trailmiles N of I-410
bridges, where perhaps seeded. Voucher: Carr 21233. Photo: SAM-1099,
SAM-1143. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1283.

*Leptochloa mucronata* (Michx.) Kunth \[*Leptochloa filiformis* (Lam.)
Beauv.\] Red sprangletop. Native annual. Rare in area, noted only in old
field at 9243 Villamain. Voucher: Carr 21228. Photo: SAM-1091. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1283.

*Limnodea arkansana* (Nutt.) L. H. Dewey. Ozarkgrass. Native annual.
Ubiquitous during spring, common in old fields and lawns but also in
shaded woodland sites. Voucher: Carr 20725. Photo: SAM-730. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1283.

\**Lolium perenne* L. \[*Lolium multiflorum* Lam.\] English rye.
Naturalized annual or perennial. Seeded along San Antonio River and
escaping into upland and riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20790. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1285.

*Miscanthus* sp. Fountain grass, maiden grass. Introduced perennial.
Planted in landscapes at Mission Concepción and Mission San José.
According to flora and fauna booklet at visitor center, these plants are
*Miscanthus sinensis* Anderss. Photo: SAM-021, SAM-022. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1285.

*Muhlenbergia lindheimeri* Hitchc. Lindheimer muhly. Native perennial.
Planted in landscape at Mission San José; no naturally-occurring (wild)
plants observed. Photo: SAM-246. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1287.

\**Nassella leucotricha* (Trin. & Rupr.) Pohl \[*Stipa leucotricha*
Trin. & Rupr.\]. Texas wintergrass, speargrass. Native perennial. Common
in upland woodlands and some old fields. Voucher: Carr 20722. Photo:
SAM-971. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1289.

*Panicum antidotale* Retz. Blue panicum. Naturalized perennial. Rare in
area, noted only along hike and bike trail on E side of Labores de
Espada. Voucher: Carr 21204. Photo: SAM-1060. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1297.

*Panicum capillare* L. Witchgrass. Native annual. Rare in area, noted
only in unshaded bed of access road along acequia de Espada N of Ashley
/ Mission Rd. after dredging operation of 2002. Voucher: Carr & Benesh
21351. Photo: SAM-1155. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1299.

*Panicum dichotomiflorum* Michx. Spreading witchgrass. Native annual.
Occasional along margins of riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Gallyoun
20356. Photo: SAM-499, SAM-500. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1299.

\**Panicum hallii* Vasey. Hall\'s panicum. Native perennial. Occasional
to locally common in old fields and upland woodlands. Vouchers: Carr
20053; Carr 20107; Carr 20372; Carr 20373; Carr 21175. Photo: SAM-370.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1301. Some specimens may be
*Panicum hallii* var. *filipes* (Scribn.) Waller \[*Panicum diffusum*
Swartz\], which was reported from Espada / Acequia Park by Van Auken
(1981).

*Panicum maximum* Jacq. Guineagrass. Naturalized perennial. Several
colonies: on recently regraded clay slope along new street that crosses
San Antonio River immediately E of Mission Espada, ca. 2000 ft. S of
I-410 bridge, at N29^o^19.127\', W098^o^26.947\'; in upland woodland
along W side of Acequia de Espada ca. 100 ft. N of Ashley Rd.; another
colony along margin of riparian woodland along old river channel below
Old Espada Dam. Vouchers: Carr & Benesh 19816; Carr 20096. Photo:
SAM-1060.

\**Panicum oligosanthes* Schult. \[*Dichanthelium oligosanthes*
(Scribn.) Gould\]. Fewflower panicgrass. Native perennial. Rare in
riparian woodlands. Vouchers: Carr 20819 (vernal form); Carr & Benesh
21357 (autumnal form). Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1303.

\**Paspalum dilatatum* Poir. Dallisgrass. Naturalized perennial.
Occasional weed in lawns and old fields. Voucher: Carr 19854. Photo:
SAM-197, SAM-198. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1307.

*Paspalum distichum* L. Knotgrass. Native perennial. Local on flat along
San Antonio River near San Juan Dam, a site that probably lies on
property of the San Antonio River Authority rather than the National
Park Service. Voucher: Carr 19887. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1307.

*Paspalum langei* (Fourn.) Nash. Rustyseed paspalum. Native perennial.
Rare in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20104. Photo: SAM-1047,
SAM-1048. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1307.

*Paspalum lividum* Trin. Longtom. Native perennial. Locally common on
shaded bank of old river channel upstream from Espada Dam in Espada
Park. Voucher: Carr 19793. Photo: SAM-945.

*Paspalum pubiflorum* Fourn. Hairyseed paspalum. Native perennial.
Occasional in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20901. Photo: SAM-440.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1309.

*Paspalum urvillei* Steud. Vaseygrass. Naturalized perennial. Occasional
on banks of waterways. Voucher: Carr 21096. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1309.

*Pennisetum ciliare* (L.) Link \[*Cenchrus ciliaris* L.\]. Buffelgrass.
Naturalized perennial. Rare, two plants in crack in asphalt at east end
of parking lot at Mission San José, at N29^o^21.504\', W098^o^28.708\'
+/- 11.2 ft. Photo: SAM-340.

*Pennisetum setaceum* (Forsk.) Chiovenda. Purple fountain-grass.
Introduced perennial. Planted in gardens at Mission San José. Photos:
SAM-061, SAM-062, SAM-063 (all ineligible; taken off-site), SAM-341.

*Phyllostachys aurea* Carrière ex Rivière & Rivière. Bamboo. Naturalized
perennial. Dense stand on E side of Acequia de San Juan on S and W sides
of San Juan Dam tract, from GPS point N29^o^21.426\', W098^o^27.999\' to
N29^o^21.379\', W098^o^27.907\'. Voucher: Carr 21221. Photo: SAM-386,
SAM-387. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1313.

*Poa annua* L. Annual bluegrass. Naturalized annual. Common on mission
lawns and in old fields; occasional in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr
20447. Photo: SAM-580, SAM-581. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1313.

\**Polypogon monspeliensis* (L.) Desf. Rabbitfootgrass. Naturalized
annual. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1317.

*Schizachyrium scoparium* (Michx.) Nash \[*Andropogon scoparius*
Michx.\]. Little bluestem. Native perennial. Rare on properties; locally
common in narrow strip of \"old field\" perhaps not recently plowed, in
Labores de San Juan, W side of Villamain Rd. ca. 0.25-0.3 mi S of road
to parking lot for Mission San Juan, at GPS point N29^o^19.735,
W098^o^27.134\'. Voucher: Carr 20368. Photo: SAM-526, SAM-527. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1321.

*Setaria leucopila* (Scribn. & Merr.) K. Schum. Plains bristlegrass.
Native perennial. Occasional in upland woodland and old fields. Voucher:
Carr 19806. Photo: SAM-951. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1321.

\**Setaria parviflora* (Poir.) Kerg. \[*Setaria geniculata* Beauv.\]
Knotroot bristlegrass. Native perennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981)
from Espada / Acequia Park. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1321.

*Setaria scheelei* (Steud.) Hitchc. Southwestern bristlegrass. Native
perennial. Frequent in upland and riparian woodlands. Vouchers: Carr
21134, Carr 21148. Photo: SAM-173, SAM-175, SAM-953. Line drawing: Diggs
et al. (1999), p. 1323.

\**Setaria viridis* (L.) Beauv. Green bristlegrass, green foxtailgrass.
Naturalized annual. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from all mission sites.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1323.

\**Sorghum halepense* (L.) Pers. Johnsongrass. Naturalized perennial.
Common in old fields and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20889. Photo:
SAM-036, SAM-037. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1325.

*Sorghum* sp. Grain sorghum. Naturalized perennial. Occasional in old
fields, where presumably seeded. Voucher: Carr 20748.

\+*Sporobolus cryptandrus* (Torr.) Gray. Sand dropseed. Native
perennial. Rare in old fields and upland woodlands. Vouchers: Carr
20105, Carr 21126. Photo: SAM-921. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1325.

\**Stenotaphrum secundatum* (Walt.) Kuntze. St. Augustine grass.
Naturalized perennial. Rare in riparian woodlands, usually simply
spreading downslope from sodded park lawn plantings, e.g., at Espada
Park. Voucher: Carr 21095. Photo: SAM-1029. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1331.

*Trichloris pluriflora* Fourn. \[*Chloris pluriflora* (Fourn.) Clayton\]
Manyflower false-Rhodesgrass. Native perennial. Rare in area, noted only
on lawn of Mission San Juan. Voucher: Carr 20073. Photo: SAM-994.

*Tridens albescens* (Vasey) Woot. & Standl. White tridens. Native
perennial. Occasional in old field on San Juan Dam tract. Voucher: Carr
19855. Photo: SAM-798. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1331.

*Tridens eragrostoides* (Vasey & Scribn.) Nash. Lovegrass tridens.
Native perennial. Rare in area, noted only in dense
mesquite-brasil-colubrina shrubland at S end of Labores de Espada, just
N of I-410, where locally common. Vouchers: Carr & Gallyoun 20346; Carr
21187; Carr 21234. Photo: SAM-1056.

*Tridens muticus* (Torr.) Nash var. *elongatus* (Buckl.) Shinners. Rough
tridens. Native perennial. Rare in area, noted only in old field on San
Juan Dam tract. Voucher: Carr 21276. Photo: SAM-1120. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1331.

\**Tridens texanus* (S. Wats.) Nash. Texas tridens. Native perennial.
Occasional in old fields and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21189.
Photos: SAM-467, SAM-1058. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1333.

*Urochloa fasciculata* (Swartz) Webster \[*Brachiaria fasciculata*
(Swartz) Parodi; *Panicum fasciculatum* Swartz\]. Browntop signalgrass.
Native annual. Occasional to locally common in garden beds, old fields
and other disturbed sites. Vouchers: Carr 19801, Carr 21198. Photo:
SAM-363, SAM-382, SAM-383, SAM-1035. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 1333.

\**Zizaniopsis miliacea* (Michx.) Doell. & Asch. Marshmillet. Native
perennial. Rare, local on E bank of old river channel ca. 500-1000 ft.
upstream from (N of) Old Espada Dam. Voucher: Carr 20789. Photo:
SAM-195. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1341.

Polygonaceae Knotweed Family

*Antigonon leptopus* Hook. & Arn. Coralvine, queen\'s wreath, coamecatl.
Naturalized perennial herbaceous vine. Planted in several areas (e.g.,
Mission San José); escaped into San Juan Woodland just W of Mission San
Juan and onto curblawns and woodlands S and NE of Mission San José, as
well as in woodland on slope N of Mission Espada. Voucher: Carr 21070.
Photo: SAM-509, SAM-510. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 901.

\**Polygonum densiflorum* Meisn. \[*Persicaria densiflora* (Meisn.
Moldenke\]. Stout smartweed. Native perennial. Occasional along
waterways; locally abundant in Acequia de Espada at Mission Espada,
summer 2002. Vouchers: Carr 19788; Carr 19794; Carr 21154. Photo:
SAM-962. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 903.

*Rumex chrysocarpus* Moris. Amanastla, dock. Native perennial.
Occasional along acequias and other wet spots. Vouchers: Carr 20764;
Carr 20903; Carr 20918. Photos: SAM-196, SAM-821, SAM-849, SAM-850.

\**Rumex crispus* L. Curly dock. Naturalized perennial. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from three mission sites. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 907.

\**Rumex pulcher* L. Fiddle dock. Naturalized perennial. Rare along
acequias; reported by Van Auken (1981) from three mission sites.
Voucher: Carr 20919. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 907.

Polemoniaceae Phlox Family

*Gilia incisa* Benth. Cutleaf gilia. Native perennial. Rare in area,
encountered only in upland woodland on N side of I-410 immediately W of
hike & bike trail on W side of river. Voucher: Carr 21191. Photo:
SAM-728, SAM-1017. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 889.

Pontederiaceae Pickerelweed Family

\**Eichhornia crassipes* (Mart.) Solms-Laubach. Water-hyacinth.
Naturalized floating aquatic perennial. Locally common in ponded area
upstream from old Espada Dam and at various locations in Acequia de
Espada. Voucher: Carr 21193. Photo: SAM-493, SAM-494, SAM-860, SAM-1027,
SAM-1028. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1341.

\**Eichhornia azurea* (Swartz) Kunth. Peacock water-hyacinth. Introduced
floating aquatic perennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission
Espada. This species is not reported for Texas in Jones, Wipff &
Montgomery (1997), even as a cultivated plant.

\**Pontederia cordata* L. Pickerelweed. Native perennial. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada and Espada / Acequia Park. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1341.

Portulacaceae Portulaca Family

*Portulaca oleracea* L. Common purslane. Native annual. Occasional in
lawns and unshaded disturbed areas. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21060. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 909.

*Portulaca pilosa* L. \[*Portulaca mundula* I. M. Johnston\] Chisme,
shaggy portulaca. Native perennial. Rare on lawn of Mission San Jose.
Voucher: Carr 21184. Photo: SAM-952, SAM-1118. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 909.

*Talinum aurantiacum* Engelm. \[*Talinum angustissimum* (Gray) Woot. &
Standl.\] Orange flameflower. Native perennial. Rare in openings in
upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21130. Photo: SAM-934. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 909.

*Talinum paniculatum* (Jacq.) Gaertn. Flame-flower. Native perennial.
Rare in area but locally occasional in older-growth thornscrub on upland
at S end of Labores de Espada. Voucher: Carr & Gallyoun 20348. Photo:
SAM-1014, SAM-1015.

Primulaceae Primrose Family

\**Anagallis arvensis* L. Scarlet pimpernel. Naturalized annual. Rare in
old fields. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park.
Voucher: Carr 21129. Photo: SAM-777. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 915.

*Samolus valerandi* L. var. *parviflorus* (Raf.) Hultén \[*Samolus
parviflorus* Raf.\] Littleflower brook-primrose. Native annual. Rare,
local on stones on dripping face of Espada Aqueduct and in wet spots
around open sewer pipes in woodland on E bank downstream. Voucher: Carr
20798. Photo: SAM-283, SAM-894. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
915.

Punicaceae Pomegranate Family

\**Punica granatum* L. Pomegranate. Introduced shrub. Planted in
landscapes at Mission Concepción, Mission Espada and Mission San José.
Photo: SAM-147, SAM-871.

Ranunculaceae Crowfoot Family

*Anemone berlandieri* Pritz. \[*Anemone heterophylla* Nutt.\] Tenpetal
anemone. Native perennial. Occasional during spring in old fields and on
mission lawns. Photo: SAM-668, SAM-789. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 919.

\**Clematis drummondii* T. & G. Old man\'s beard, barba de chivato.
Native perennial herbaceous vine. Common to abundant in upland old
fields and woodlands and on fencelines; occasional just about anywhere
elsewhere. Voucher: Carr 19868. Photo: SAM-108, SAM-109, SAM-110,
SAM-120, SAM-121, SAM-122, SAM-285. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 919.

\**Clematis pitcheri* T. & G. Purple leatherflower. Native perennial
herbaceous vine. Occasional to locally common in riparian woodlands.
Voucher: Carr 20101. Photo: SAM-419, SAM-420, SAM-421. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 919.

*Clematis terniflora* DC. \[*Clematis dioscoreifolia* H. Lev. &
Vaniot\]. Sweet-autumn clematis. Naturalized perennial herbaceous vine.
Rare in area, noted only along edge of riparian woodland along Acequia
de Espada ca. 50-75 ft. N of Mission / Ashley Rd. and along E bank of
old channel of San Antonio River just N of San Juan Woodland Trail.
Vouchers: Carr 21222, Carr 21285. Photo: SAM-1081. Line drawing: Diggs
et al. (1999), p. 923.

*Consolida ajacis* (L.) Schur \[*Consolida ambigua* (L.) Ball & Heywood;
*Delphinium ajacis* L.\] Annual larkspur. Planted in landscape at
Mission San José. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 923.

*Ranunculus muricatus* L. Roughseed buttercup. Naturalized perennial.
Occasional on streambanks and wet spots in riparian woodlands. Vouchers:
Carr 20448; Carr 20552. Photo: SAM-577, SAM-606. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 927.

*Ranunculus sceleratus* L. Blister buttercup, cursed buttercup. Native
annual. Rare in area, noted only among Colocasia on mudflats along
impoundment behind old Espada Dam in Espada Park. Voucher: Carr 20791.

Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family

\**Colubrina texensis* (T. & G.) Gray var. *texensis*. Texas colubrina,
hog plum. Native shrub. Occasional in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr &
Carré 20788. Photo: SAM-039, SAM-734, SAM-738. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 935.

\**Condalia hookeri* M. C. Johnston var. *hookeri*. Brasil, bluewood
condalia. Native tree or tall shrub. Occasional in upland woodlands.
Voucher: Carr 19817. Photo: SAM-313, SAM-314, SAM-931. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 935.

\**Ziziphus obtusifolius* (Hook. ex T. & G.) Gray. Lotebush. Native
shrub. Occasional in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21064. Photo:
SAM-312. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 939.

\**Ziziphus zizyphus* (L.) G. Karsten \[*Ziziphus jujuba* Mill.\]
Jujube. Introduced shrub or small tree. Reported by Van Auken (1981)
from Mission San José. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 939.

Rosaceae Rose Family

\**Crataegus* sp. Hawthorn. Introduced tree or shrub. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Mission Concepción.

\**Eriobotrya* sp. Loquat. Introduced shrub. Planted on grounds of
Mission Concepción, Mission San José and Mission San Juan. Photo:
SAM-944.

\**Prunus* sp. Peach. Introduced tree. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from
Mission Espada.

\**Pyrus* sp. Prairie crabapple. Introduced tree or shrub. Reported by
Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José.

*Rosa banksiae* Ait f. Lady Banks\' rose. Introduced shrub. One large
sprawling shrub planted on N side of visitor center at Mission
Concepción. Photo: SAM-926, SAM-927.

\**Rosa* sp. Yellow rose. Introduced shrub. One shrub in garden in front
of church at Mission San Juan, at GPS point: N29^o^19.949\',
W098^o^27.323\' +/- 25.2 ft. Photo: SAM-258, SAM-259. Van Auken (1981)
observed three *Rosa* species at Mission San José and Mission Espada.

\**Rubus riograndis* Bailey \[*Rubus trivialis* Michx.\] Southern
dewberry. Native woody shrub. Common in riparian woodlands; occasional
in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 21065. Photo: SAM-532, SAM-701. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 957.

Rubiaceae Madder Family

*Cephalanthus occidentalis* L. var. *californicus* Benth. Common
buttonbush. Native shrub. Occasional on banks of Acequia de Espada.
Voucher: Carr 21069. Photo: SAM-880. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 963.

\**Galium aparine* L. Clingon bedstraw, cleavers. Native annual.
Occasional to locally abundant in upland and riparian woodlands.
Voucher: Carr 20463. Photo: SAM-1146. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 963.

\**Galium virgatum* Nutt. Wand bedstraw. Native annual. Frequent in old
fields; reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San Juan. Voucher:
Carr 20735. Photo: SAM-735. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 965.

\**Hedyotis nigricans* (Lam.) Fosb. var. *nigricans* \[incl. *Hedyotis
nigricans* var. *filifolia* (Chapm.) Shinners\]. Prairie bluets. Native
perennial. Rare in decent grassland remnant at 9243 Villamain; reported
by Van Auken (1981) from Mission San José. Voucher: Carr 20755. Photo:
SAM-811. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 965.

*Houstonia parviflora* Holzinger ex Greenman \[*Hedyotis greenmanii*
Fosberg\]. Greenman\'s bluet. Native annual. Rare in less disturbed part
of old field at 9243 Villamain. Voucher: Carr 20469. Photo: SAM-667.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 969.

Rutaceae Citrus Family

\**Citrus* sp. Citrus. Introduced shrub or small tree. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Mission San José.

\**Ptelea trifoliata* L. subsp. *trifoliata* var. *mollis* T. & G. Wafer
ash. Native tree. Occasional to frequent in riparian and upland
woodlands. Voucher: Carr 19898. Photo: SAM-128, SAM-315, SAM-751. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 977.

*Thamnosma texanum* (Gray) Torr. Texas desert-rue, Dutchman\'s breeches.
Native perennial. Rare in upland woodland on N side of I-410 just W of
San Antonio River. Voucher: Carr 20476. Photo: SAM-680. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 977.

Salicaceae Willow Family

\**Populus deltoides* Bart. ex Marsh. subsp. *deltoides*. Eastern
cottonwood. Native tree. Rare, local along acequias and old river
channels. Voucher: Carr 20817. Photo: SAM-134, SAM-699. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 977.

\**Salix nigra* Marsh. Black willow. Native tree. Occasional along
acequias and old river channels. Voucher: Carr 20543. Photo: SAM-206,
SAM-207, SAM-715. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 981.

Sapindaceae Soapberry Family

*Cardiospermum halicacabum* L. Balloonvine. Native annual vine. Rare,
one plant noted along margin of upland woodland during wet fall of 2002.
Probably present in bed of channel of San Antonio River somewhere in
area. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21354. Photo: SAM-1159. Line drawing: Diggs
et al. (1999), p. 981.

\**Sapindus saponaria* L. var. *drummondii* (Hook. & Arn.) L. Benson
\[*Sapindus drummondii* Hook. & Arn.\]. Western soapberry. Native tree.
Occasional in riparian woodlands; more common in early to
mid-successional \"upland\" woodlands. Voucher: Carr 19892. Photo:
SAM-286, SAM-287, SAM-288, SAM-291, SAM-292. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 985.

*Ungnadia speciosa* Endl. Mexican buckeye. Shrub native to general area
but introduced here. Recently planted on grounds of Mission San José and
in woodland on slope north of Mission Espada, as well as in wildscape
behind Mission San Juan. Absent from the native local flora. Photo:
SAM-874. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 985.

Sapotaceae Sapodilla Family

\**Sideroxylon lanuginosum* Michx. \[*Bumelia lanuginosa* (Michx.)
Pers.\] Coma, gum bumelia, woolly-bucket bumelia. Native shrub or small
tree. Occasional in riparian and upland woodlands. According to Van
Auken (1981), these plants are subsp. *oblongifolium* (Nutt.) Pennington
\[*Bumelia lanuginosa* var. *albicans* Sarg.\]. Voucher: Carr 19857
(vegetative). Photo: SAM-018, SAM-019, SAM-316, SAM-317. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 985.

Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family

*Agalinis strictifolia* (Benth.) Penn. \[*Gerardia strictifolia*
Benth.\] Longstalk gerardia. Native perennial. Occasional in old fields
and along margin of upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 19842. Photo:
SAM-361, Photo: SAM-442, SAM-443, SAM-456.

*Castilleja indivisa* Engelm. Annual paintbrush. Native annual. Rare in
area, noted only in opening in upland woodland on N side of I-410 just W
of San Antonio River. Voucher: Carr & Carré 20780. Photo: SAM-623,
SAM-624. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 997.

\**Leucophyllum frutescens* (Berl.) I. M. Johnst. Cenizo. Native shrub.
Planted in landscapes around missions, e.g. Mission Concepción and
Mission San José; no naturally-occurring (wild) plants observed. Photo:
SAM-027.

*Maurandya antirrhiniflora* Willd. Snapdragonvine. Native perennial
herbaceous vine. Rare in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20793. Photo:
SAM-444, SAM-749. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1005.

\**Veronica agrestis* L. \[*Veronica polita* Fries\]. Wayside speedwell.
Naturalized annual. Rare in lawn at Mission Espada; reported by Van
Auken (1981) from Mission Concepción. Voucher: Carr 20449. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1011.

*Veronica anagallis-aquatica* L. Water speedwell. Naturalized perennial.
Rare on creekbanks in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20545. Photo:
SAM-611, SAM-612. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1013.

*Veronica arvensis* L. Common speedwell. Naturalized annual. Occasional
during spring on lawn at Mission San Juan. Voucher: Carr 20548. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1013.

*Veronica peregrina* L. Wandering veronica. Native annual. Occasional on
shaded banks of old river channel; rare on mission lawns. Voucher: Carr
20542. Photo: SAM-696. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1013.

*Veronica persica* Poir. Persian speedwell. Naturalized annual. Rare on
bank of old channel of San Antonio River just below old Old Espada Dam.
Voucher: Carr 20460. Photo: SAM-609, SAM-610. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1013.

Simaroubaceae Quassia Family

\**Ailanthus altissima* (Mill.) Swingle. Ghetto palm, tree-of-heaven.
Naturalized tree. Rare in upland woodland along E side of Acequia de
Espada N of Ashley/Mission Rd. and in riparian/upland woodland behind
drive-in theater NE of Mission San Juan; reported by Van Auken (1981)
from Mission San José and Espada / Acequia Park. Voucher: Carr 21150.
Photo: SAM-954, SAM-955. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1019. On
22 July 2002, the population near Acequia de Espada consisted of about
20 trunks in a 25-foot circle at N29^o^20.253\', W098^o^27.573\'; the
largest was 20-25 ft. tall and 4-5 in. dbh.

Smilacaceae Greenbriar Family

\**Smilax bona‑nox* L. Saw greenbriar. Native woody vine. Occasional in
riparian and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20752. Photo: SAM-809. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1347.

\**Smilax rotundifolia* L. Common greenbriar. Native woody vine.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Espada / Acequia Park. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1347. This is a species of East Texas that is
probably absent from the Missions area.

Solanaceae Nightshade Family

\**Capsicum annuum* L. var. *aviculare* (Dierb.) D\'Arcy & Eschbaugh
\[*Capsicum annuum* L. var. *glabriusculum* (Dun.) Heiser &
Pickersgill\]. Chilipiquín, bird pepper. Native shrub. Occasional in
upland woodlands; planted(?) at Mission San José. Vouchers: Carr 20094;
Carr 21151. Photo: SAM-1049, SAM-1050, SAM-1093. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 1019.

*Chamaesaracha coronopus* (Dun.) Gray. False ground-cherry. Native
annual. Rare, noted only in compacted silt in driveway at Mission
Espada, at N29^o^19.024\', W098^o^26.988\' +/- 13.7 ft. Voucher: Carr &
Benesh 19813. Photo: SAM-1107. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1021.

*Lycium berlandieri* Dun. Berlandier wolf-berry. Native shrub.
Occasional in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr & Gallyoun 20350. Photo:
SAM-517, SAM-935, SAM-1160.

\**Nicotiana repanda* Willd. ex Lehm. Fiddleleaf tobacco. Native annual.
Apparently rare, noted on chunk of honeycombed limestone in quarry pit
at Mission Concepcion; on lawn at NE corner of compound at Mission
Espada; and in upland woodland on Labores de Espada. Reported by Van
Auken (1981) from three mission tracts. Voucher: Carr 20800. Photo:
SAM-832. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1025.

\**Physalis cinarascens* (Dun.) Hitch. var. *cinarescens* \[*Physalis
viscosa* L. var. *cinarescens* (Dun.) Waterfall\]. Clammy ground-cherry.
Native annual. Occasional in upland woodlands and old fields. Vouchers:
Carr 19830, Carr 20055. Photo: SAM-378, SAM-379. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 1025.

*Solanum dimidiatum* Raf. Western horse-nettle. Native perennial.
Apparently rare in area, a few plants on bermudagrass lawn along margin
of riparian woodland along Acequia de San Juan on San Juan Dam Tract;
these plants were repeatedly mown during 2002, and thus both the voucher
and photo are of vegetative material. Voucher: Carr 21219. Photo:
SAM-995. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1033.

\**Solanum elaeagnifolium* Cav. Silverleaf nightshade. Native perennial.
Common to locally abundant in old fields, athletic fields and other open
sites; less common in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 19859. Photos:
SAM-227, SAM-228, SAM-333. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1033.

*Solanum ptychanthum* Dun. \[*Solanum americanum* of authors, not Mill;
*Solanum nigrum* of authors, not L.\] American nightshade, hierba mora
negra. Native annual. Voucher: Carr 21196. Photo: SAM-1032. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1033.

*Solanum rostratum* Dun. Buffalo-bur. Native annual. Apparently rare in
old fields. Vouchers: Carr 19821; Carr 21163. Photo: SAM-979. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1033.

\**Solanum triquetrum* Cav. Texas nightshade. Native shrub. Occasional
in riparian woodlands an in fencelines at some mission sites. Voucher:
Carr & Benesh 21355. Photo: SAM-438, SAM-439. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1033.

Sterculiaceae Cacao Family

*Hermannia texana* Gray. Mexican mallow. Native perennial. Rare in area,
noted only in occasionally mown bed of access road under power lines on
N side of I-410 just W of San Antonio River floodplain; this site is
probably immediately adjacent to rather than on NPS property. Voucher:
Carr 21358. Photo: SAM-946.

*Melochia pyramidata* L. Anglepod melochia. Native perennial. Occasional
in mown lawns and old fields. Voucher: Carr 19824. Photos: SAM-185,
SAM-332. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1037.

Tamaricaceae Salt-cedar Family

\**Tamarix* sp. Salt-cedar. Introduced shrub. Planted along San José
Drive at Mission San José. Also reported by Van Auken (1981) from Espada
/ Acequia Park. Photos: SAM-409, SAM-410. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1037.

Tiliaceae Basswood Family

*Corchorus hirtus* L. Orinoco jute. Native perennial (or annual in this
area?). Present in a wide variety of early- to mid-successional habitats
yet rare in all of them. Voucher: Carr 21227. Photo: SAM-1090, SAM-1152.

Typhaceae Cat-tail Family

*Typha domingensis* Pers. Narrowleaf cat-tail. Native perennial. One
large colony in impoundment upstream from Espada Dam in Espada Park.
Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21058. Photo: SAM-203, SAM-204. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1351.

Ulmaceae Elm Family

\**Celtis laevigata* Willd. var. *laevigata*. Sugar hackberry. Native
tree. Common in riparian and upland woodlands, locally dominant during
some successional stages. Many or most individuals in the area cannot be
distinguished at a glance from members of the next taxon. Vouchers: Carr
19897; Carr 20547; Carr 20753. Photo: SAM-284, SAM-384, SAM-385. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1037.

*Celtis laevigata* Willd. var. *reticulata* (Torr.) Benson \[*Celtis
reticulata* Torr\]. Netleaf hackberry. Occasional in upland woodlands.
Voucher: Carr 19896. Photo: SAM-936. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 1037.

\**Celtis lindheimeri* Engelm. Lindheimer hackberry. Native tree.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from Mission Espada and Espada / Acequia
Park.

\**Celtis pallida* Torr. Granjeno, spiny hackberry. Native tree or large
shrub. Frequent in upland woodlands; occasional in riparian woodlands.
Voucher: Carr 20777. Photo: SAM-306, SAM-885.

*Ulmus americana* L. American elm. Native tree. Rare in riparian
woodlands; one large old tree among pecans at N end of picnic area in
Espada Park. Voucher: Carr 21098. Photo: SAM-892. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 1041.

\**Ulmus crassifolia* Nutt. Cedar elm. Native tree. Occasional in
riparian and upland woodlands; also newly planted in landscapes around
several missions. Voucher: Carr 21063. Photos: SAM-338, SAM-339,
SAM-441. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1041.

\**Ulmus rubra* Muhl. Slippery elm. Native tree. Reported by Van Auken
(1981) from Mission San José. One recently-planted smallish tree in
garden in front of visitor center at Mission San José maybe this
species. Photo: SAM-271, SAM-272. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1041.

Urticaceae Nettle Family

*Boehmeria cylindrica* (L.) Sw. False nettle. Native perennial. Locally
frequent in moist soils at several locations along Acequia de Espada.
Voucher: Carr 20100. Photo: SAM-422, SAM-423. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1045.

*Parietaria pensylvanica* Muhl. ex Willd. Cucumberweed, rock pellitory.
Occasional during spring in riparian woodlands and other shaded sites.
Voucher: Carr 20811. Photo: SAM-601, SAM-602, SAM-712. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1045.

*Pilea microphylla* (L.) Liebm. Artillery-plant. Naturalized annual.
Rare in area, noted only on mortar and stone of walls of Mission
Concepción and on low wall at Mission San José. Vouchers: Carr 19762,
Carr & Benesh 19809. Photo: SAM-231, SAM-232, SAM-233.

Valerianaceae Valerian Family

*Valerianella radiata* (L.) Dufr. Common corn-salad. Native annual. Rare
in early spring along margins of riparian woodlands. Photo: SAM-683.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1047.

Verbenaceae Vervain Family

\**Aloysia gratissima* (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso. Whitebrush. Native
shrub. Occasional in upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20792. Photo:
SAM-792. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1051.

*Callicarpa americana* L. American beautyberry. Shrub, native to Texas
but introduced in area. Planted in new landscape around molino at
Mission San Jose. No wild plants observed. Photo: SAM-1096. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1051.

\**Glandularia bipinnatifida* (Nutt.) Nutt. \[*Verbena bipinnatifida*
Nutt.\] Dakota vervain. Native perennial. Occasional in old fields,
mission lawns and other disturbed unshaded sites. Voucher: Carr 20749.
Photo: SAM-807. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1051.

*Glandularia pumila* (Rydb.) Umber \[*Verbena pumila* Rydb.\]. Pink
vervain, low vervain. Native annual. Occasional on lawns at Mission
Concepción, Mission San Juan and Mission Espada. Voucher: Carr 20460.
Photo: SAM-573. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1051.

*Glandularia quadrangulata* (Heller) Umber. White vervain. Native
annual. Occasional on mission lawns. Voucher: Carr 20469. Photo:
SAM-586, SAM-627, SAM-628.

*Lantana camara* f. *hybrida* \"New Gold\". Yellow lantana. Introduced
cultivar shrub. Planted in gardens at Mission Concepción and Mission San
José. Photos: SAM-355, SAM-356. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p.
1057.

*Lantana montividensis* (Spreng.) Briq. Purple lantana, weeping lantana.
Introduced shrub. Planted in landscapes around Mission Concepción and
Mission San José. Photo: SAM-269, SAM-270.

\**Lantana urticoides* von Hayek \[*Lantana horrida* of Texas authors,
not Kunth\]. Texas lantana. Native shrub. Rare in old fields and upland
woodlands; reported by Van Auken (1981) from four mission tracts.
Voucher: Carr 21071. Photos: SAM-347, SAM-348, SAM-450. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1057.

\**Phyla nodiflora* (L.) Greene \[*Lippia nodiflora* (L.) Michx.; incl.
*Phyla incisa* Small\]. Fogfruit or frogfruit. Native perennial.
Occasional in a broad spectrum of open habitats. Voucher: Carr 20902.
Photo: SAM-852. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1057.

*Verbena brasiliensis* Vell. Brazilian vervain. Naturalized perennial.
Occasional along waterways. Voucher: Carr & Benesh 21057. Photo:
SAM-901. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1059.

*Verbena canescens* Kunth. Gray vervain. Native perennial. Occasional in
old fields and on mission lawns. Voucher: Carr 20760. Photo: SAM-932.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1059.

*Verbena halei* Small \[*Verbena officinalis* L. subsp. *halei* (Small)
Barber\]. Texas vervain. Native perennial. Occasional in upland
woodlands and old fields. Voucher: Carr 19863. Photo: SAM-786. Line
drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1059.

\**Verbena litoralis* Kunth. Seashore vervain. Introduced perennial.
Reported by Van Auken (1981) from all mission tracts.

\**Verbena neomexicana* (Gray) Small var. *hirtella* Perry. New Mexico
vervain. Native perennial. Reported by Van Auken (1981) from three
mission tracts. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1059.

*Verbena x hybrida* Voss \[*Verbena x hortensis* Hort.\] Red vervain,
garden vervain. Annual or perennial cultivar. Planted in garden in front
of visitor center at Mission Concepción. Photo: SAM-244.

\**Vitex agnus-castus* L. Chaste-bush. Naturalized shrub. Planted in
landscape around Mission Concepción; escaped along Acequia de San Juan
on San Juan Dam tract. Voucher: Carr 20904. Photos: SAM-228, SAM-851.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1063.

Violaceae Violet Family

*Hybanthus verticillatus* (Ort.) Baill. var. *verticillata*. Whorled
green-violet. Native perennial. Rare in old field on San Juan Dam Tract
and in athletic fields W of Mission Concepción. Vouchers: Carr 19768;
Carr 29723. Photo: SAM-770, SAM-799. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 1063.

\**Viola sororia* Willd var. *missouriensis* (Greene) McKinney \[*Viola
missouriensis* Greene\]. Missouri violet. Reported by Van Auken (1981)
from Mission Espada and Espada / Acequia Park. Line drawing: Diggs et
al. (1999), p. 1063.

Viscaceae Mistletoe Family

\**Phoradendron tomentosum* (DC.) Gray subsp. *tomentosum*. Mistletoe.
Native woody parasite. Occasional, usually on mesquite in upland
woodlands and in mission landscapes. Voucher: Carr 21158. Photo:
SAM-249, SAM-1133. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1067.

Vitaceae Grape Family

\**Ampelopsis arborea* (L.) Koehne. Peppervine. Native woody vine.
Occasional to locally abundant in riparian woodlands. Voucher: Carr &
Benesh 21059. Photo: SAM-134, SAM-135, SAM-191, SAM-192. Line drawing:
Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1076.

\**Cissus incisa* (Nutt.) Des Moul. Ivy tree-bine, cow‑itch. Native
woody vine. Occasional in riparian and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr
21062. Photo: SAM-295, SAM-296, SAM-774, SAM-833, SAM-1019, SAM-1144.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1067.

\**Parthenocissus quinquefolia* (L.) Planch. Virginia creeper. Native
woody vine. Rather common in riparian woodlands; scattered elsewhere.
Voucher: Carr 20906. Photo: SAM-846. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999),
p. 1071.

\**Vitis cinerea* Engelm. ex Millardet var. *helleri* (Bailey) M. O.
Moore \[*Vitis berlandieri* Planch.\]. Sweet grape, winter grape. Native
woody vine. Occasional in riparian and upland woodlands. Vouchers: Carr
19802, Carr 20823. Photo: SAM-012, SAM-013. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1073.

\**Vitis mustangensis* Buckl. Mustang grape. Native woody vine. Common
in riparian and upland woodlands. Voucher: Carr 20814. Photo: SAM-881.
Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1073.

Zygophyllaceae Caltrop Family

*Kallstroemia parviflora* Nort. Warty caltrop. Native annual. Locally
common in compacted barren areas on lawns around missions. Voucher: Carr
19781. Photo: SAM-989. Line drawing: Diggs et al. (1999), p. 1075.

\**Tribulus terrestris* L. Puncture-vine, abrojo de flor amarilla.
Naturalized annual. Locally common in compacted barren areas on lawns
around missions; also in old fields and other open disturbed areas.
Voucher: Carr 19865. Photo: SAM-099, SAM-100. Line drawing: Diggs et al.
(1999), p. 1075.

Literature Cited

Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus Third. Cornell University Press, Ithaca,
New York. 1290 pp.

Correll, D. S. and M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants
of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner. 1881 pp.

Diggs, G. M., Jr., B. L. Lipscomb and R. J. O\'Kennon. 1999. Shinners
and Mahler\'s illustrated flora of North-central Texas. Botanical
Research Institute of Texas, Ft. Worth. 1626 pp.

Hatch, S. L., K. N. Gandhi, and L. E. Brown. 1990. Checklist of the
vascular plants of Texas. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A
& M University, College Station. 158 pp.

Jones, S. D., J. K. Wipff and P. M. Montgomery. 1997. Vascular plants of
Texas: a comprehensive checklist including synonymy, bibliography, and
index. University of Texas Press, Austin. 404 pp.

Van Auken, W. O. 1981. Determination of the presence of threatened and
endangered plant species on the grounds of the San Antonio Missions
National Historic Park. Unpublished report submitted to the U. S.
Department of the Interior, National Park Service, San Antonio Missions
National Historic Park. 50 pp.