+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # DIVISION 700                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| **MATERIAL**                                                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

## Section 701. --- CEMENT

**701.01 Hydraulic Cement.** Do not mix cement brands or types. Furnish
cement according to the following:

**(a) Portland Cement.** Conform to AASHTO M 85, type I, II, or V.

**(b) Blended Hydraulic Cement.** Conform to AASHTO M 240, type IS, IP
P, I(PM), or I(SM).

**701.02 Masonry and Mortar Cement.**

**(a) Masonry Cement.** Conform to ASTM C 91, type N, S, or M.

**(b) Mortar Cement.** Conform to ASTM C 1329, type N, S, or M.

##  {#section .unnumbered}

## Section 702. --- ASPHALT MATERIAL

**702.01 Asphalt Binder.** Conform to AASHTO M 20, M 226, or M320.
Conform to Subsection 702.04.

**702.02 Cut-Back Asphalt.** Conform to Subsection 702.04.

**(a) Rapid-curing.** Conform to AASHTO M 81.

**(b) Medium-curing.** Conform to AASHTO M 82.

**702.03 Emulsified Asphalt.** Conform to Subsection 702.04. When
specified for tack coat, an equivalent anionic grade emulsion may be
substituted for a cationic grade and vice versa. The sieve test in
AASHTO M 140 and M 208 is not required.

**(a) Anionic emulsions.** Conform to AASHTO M 140. For RS-1h and RS-2h,
conform to AASHTO M 140 for RS-1 and RS-2, except conform the following
for the penetration on the residue.

Ductility, 25 ºC, 50 mm/min, AASHTO T 51 40 mm min.

**(b) Cationic emulsions.** Conform to AASHTO M 208. For CRS-1h and
CRS-2h, conform to AASHTO M 208 for CRS-1 and CRS-2, except conform to
the following for the penetration on the residue.

Ductility, 25 ºC, 50 mm/min, AASHTO T 51 40 mm min.

**(c) Quick-setting emulsions.** Conform to AASHTO M208.

**(d) Polymer modified emulsions.** For micro-surfacing, mill or blend
the polymer material into the asphalt or emulsifier solution before the
emulsification process. Use a polymer quick set emulsified asphalt
conforming to AASHTO M 208, ISSA 143, and the following:

**(1)** Residue by distillation, AASHTO T 59 62%min.

**(2)** Softening point, AASHTO T 53 57 °C min.

**(3)** Penetration at 25 °C, ASTM D 2397 40-90

**702.04 Application Temperatures.** Apply asphalt within the
temperature ranges shown in Table 702‑1.

Table 702-1

Application Temperatures - Range ºC

+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| **Type and Grade**       | **Temperature        |                    |
|                          | Ranges**             |                    |
| **of**                   |                      |                    |
|                          | **Minimum -          |                    |
| **Asphalt**              | Maximum**            |                    |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
|                          | **Spraying**         | **Mixing**         |
|                          |                      |                    |
|                          | **Temperatures**     | **Temperatures     |
|                          |                      | ^(1)^**            |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| **Cut-back asphalt**     |                      |                    |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > MC-30                  | 30 - ^(2)^           | ---                |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > RC or MC-70            | 50 - ^(2)^           | ---                |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > RC or MC-250           | 75 - ^(2)^           | 60 - 80^(3)^       |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > RC or MC-800           | 95 - ^(2)^           | 75 - 100^(3)^      |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > RC or MC-3000          | 110 - ^(2)^          | 80 - 115^(3)^      |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| **Emulsified asphalt**   |                      |                    |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > RS-1                   | 20 - 60              | ---                |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > RS-2                   | 50 - 85              | ---                |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > MS-1                   | 20 - 70              | 20 - 70            |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > MS-2, MS-2h            | ---                  | 20 - 70            |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > HFMS-1, 2, 2h, 2s      | 20 - 70              | 10 - 70            |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > SS-1, 1h, CSS-1, 1h    | 20 - 70^(4)^         | 20 - 70            |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > CRS-1                  | 50 - 85              | ---                |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > CRS-2                  | 60 - 85              | ---                |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > CMS-2, CMS-2h          | 40 - 70              | 50 - 60            |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| **Asphalt binder**       |                      |                    |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| > All grades             | 185 max.             | 185 max.           |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------------------+

\(1\) Temperature of mix immediately after discharge.

\(2\) The maximum temperature at which fogging or foaming does not
occur.

\(3\) Temperature may be above flash point. Take precautions to prevent
fire or explosion.

\(4\) For fog seals and tack coats.

**702.05 Material for Dampproofing and Waterproofing Concrete and
Masonry Surfaces.**

**(a) Primer.** Conform to ASTM D 41.

**(b) Asphalt.** For mop coat, conform to ASTM D 449, type III.

**(c) Waterproofing fabric.** Furnish asphalt saturated fabric
conforming to ASTM D 173.

**(d) Mortar.** Conform to Subsection 712.05(b).

**(e) Asphalt plank.** Conform to ASTM D 517 and the following:

**(1) Thickness.** 32 millimeters.

**(2) Width.** 225±75 millimeters. Use only one width of plank for a
single structure except for necessary closers.

**(3) Length.** 1 to 2.5 meters. Use length that permit the laying of
planks to the best advantage on the surface to be covered.

**(f) Asphalt roll roofing.** Conform to ASTM D 224, type II.

**702.06 Recycling Agent.** Conform to AASHTO R 14 or use an approved
petroleum product additive that restores aged asphalt to the required
specifications.

**702.07 Asphalt Mastic.** Conform to AASHTO M 243.

**702.08 Antistrip Additive.** Conform to the following:

**(a) Type 1.** Furnish commercially produced, heat stable liquid
products that when added to an asphalt have the chemical and physical
properties to prevent separation of the asphalt from aggregates.

**(b) Type 2.** Furnish cement conforming to Subsection 701.01 or fly
ash conforming to Subsection 725.04.

**(c) Type 3.** Furnish lime conforming to AASHTO M 303.

**702.09 Evaluation Procedures for Asphalt.** Evaluate under Subsection
106.04 subject to the following:

**(a) Shipping container.** Before loading, examine the shipping
container and remove all remnants of previous cargos that may
contaminate the asphalt.

**(b) Delivery ticket.** Furnish with each shipment 2 copies of the
delivery ticket containing the following:

**(1)** Consignees;

**(2)** Project number;

**(3)** Grade;

**(4)** Net volume ;

**(5)** Net mass;

**(6)** Type and amount of antistrip additive;

**(7)** Identification number (truck, car, tank, etc.);

**(8)** Destination;

**(9)** Date;

**(10)** Loading temperature; and

**(11)** Specific gravity at 15 ºC

**(c) Sampling procedures.** Obtain samples of asphalt according to
AASHTO T 40 at the applicable sampling location as follows:

**(1) Asphalt used in direct application on the road.** Take samples
from each shipping container at the time of discharge into distributors
or other conveyances on the project.

**(2) Asphalt initially discharged into storage tanks on the project.**
Take samples from the line between the storage tank and the distributor
or the mixing plant after each delivery. Take samples after a sufficient
period of circulation to ensure samples are representative of the
material in the storage tank.

**702.10 Cold Asphalt Mix.** Conform to ASTM D 4215.

Do not use an aggregate asphalt mix that strips. For patching mixes, use
an asphalt grade and mix that remains pliable and workable at -10 ºC.

## Section 703. --- AGGREGATE

**703.01 Fine Aggregate for Concrete.** Furnish sand conforming to
AASHTO M 6, class B including the reactive aggregate supplementary
requirement, except as amended or supplemented by the following:

**(a)** Material passing 75-µm sieve, AASHTO T 11 3.0% max.

**(b)** Sand equivalent value, AASHTO T 176, 75 min.

> alternate method no. 2, reference method

For lightweight fine aggregate, conform to AASHTO M 195.

**703.02 Coarse Aggregate for Concrete.** Conform to AASHTO M 80, class
A, except as amended or supplemented by the following:

**(a)** Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 40% max.

**(b)** Adherent coating, ASTM D 5711 1.0% max.

**(c)** Grading, AASHTO M 43 All sizes except numbers 8, 89, 9, or 10

For bridge decks or surface courses, do not use aggregates known to
polish or carbonate aggregates containing less than 25 percent by mass
of insoluble residue as determined by ASTM D 3042.

For lightweight coarse aggregate, conform to AASHTO M 195.

**703.03 Granular Backfill.** Furnish aggregate for the following
installations.

**(a) Underdrain pipe with geotextile.** Furnish granular backfill
conforming to AASHTO M 80, class E and AASHTO M 43, size number 3, 4, 5,
7, 57, or 67.

**(b) Underdrain pipe without geotextile.** Furnish granular backfill
conforming to AASHTO M 6, except the soundness test is not required.

**703.04 Permeable Backfill.** Furnish either sand conforming to
Subsection 703.15 or coarse aggregate consisting of sound, durable
particles of gravel, slag, or crushed stone conforming to Table 703‑1.

Table 703 ‑ 1

Permeable Backfill Gradation

+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| **Sieve Size**             | **Percent by Mass Passing**             |
|                            |                                         |
|                            | **Designated Sieve**                    |
|                            |                                         |
|                            | **(AASHTO T 27 & T 11)**                |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 75 mm                      | 100                                     |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 19.0 mm                    | 50 -- 90                                |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 4.75 mm                    | 20 -- 50                                |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 75 µm                      | 0.0 -- 2.0                              |
+----------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

**703.05 Subbase, Base, and Surface Course Aggregate.**

**(a) General.** Furnish hard, durable particles or fragments of crushed
stone, crushed slag, or crushed gravel conforming the following:

**(1)** Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 50% max.

**(2)** Sodium sulfate soundness loss (5 cycles), 12% max.

AASHTO T 104

**(3)** Durability index (coarse), AASHTO T 210 35 min.

**(4)** Durability index (fine), AASHTO T 210 35 min.

**(5)** Fractured faces, ASTM D 5821 50% min.

**(6)** Free from organic matter and lumps or balls of clay

Do not use material that breaks up when alternately frozen and thawed or
wetted and dried.

Obtain the aggregate gradation by crushing, screening, and blending
processes as necessary. Fine aggregate, material passing the
4.75-millimeter sieve, shall consist of natural or crushed sand and fine
mineral particles.

**(b) Subbase or base aggregate.** In addition to (a) above, conform to
the following:

**(1)** Gradation Table 703-2

**(2)** Liquid limit, AASHTO T 89 25 max.

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="6"><p>Table 703-2</p>
<p>Target Value Ranges for Subbase and Base Gradation</p></td>
<td rowspan="5"><strong>Percent by Mass Passing Designated Sieve (AASHTO
T 27 and T 11)</strong></td>
<td rowspan="5"><strong>Grading Designation</strong></td>
<td><strong>E (Base)</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td>62 – 90 (6)</td>
<td>436 – 74 (6)</td>
<td>12 – 26 (4)</td>
<td>4.0 – 7.0 (3)</td>
<td rowspan="6">(1) Statistical procedures do not apply.</td>
<td rowspan="6">( ) The value in the parentheses is the allowable
deviation (±) from the target values..</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>D (Base)</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td>86 – 100 (6)</td>
<td></td>
<td>51 – 82 (6)</td>
<td>36 – 64 (6)</td>
<td>12 – 26 (4)</td>
<td>4.0 – 7.0 (3)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>C (Base)</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td>80 – 100 (6)</td>
<td>64 – 94 (6)</td>
<td></td>
<td>40 – 69 (6)</td>
<td>31 – 54 (6)</td>
<td></td>
<td>4.0 –7.0 (3)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>B (Subbase)</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td>97 – 100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>40 – 60 (8)</td>
<td></td>
<td>4.0 – 12.0 (4)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>A (Subbase)</strong></td>
<td>100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td>97 – 100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td></td>
<td>65 – 79 (6)</td>
<td></td>
<td>45 – 59 (7)</td>
<td></td>
<td>28 – 42 (6)</td>
<td>9 – 17 (4)</td>
<td>4.0 – 8.0 (3)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3"><strong>Sieve Size</strong></td>
<td>63 mm</td>
<td>50 mm</td>
<td>37.5 mm</td>
<td>25 mm</td>
<td>19 mm</td>
<td>12.5 mm</td>
<td>9.5 mm</td>
<td>4.75 mm</td>
<td>425 μm</td>
<td>75μm</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

**(c) Surface course aggregate.** In addition to (a) above, conform to
the following:

**(1)** Gradation and plasticity index, AASHTO T 90 Table 703-3

**(2)** Liquid limit, AASHTO T 89 35 max.

Do not furnish material that contains asbestos fibers.

Table 703-3

Target Value Ranges for

Surface Course Gradation and Plasticity Index

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Sieve Size**            | **Percent by Mass Passing**              |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | **Designated Sieve**                     |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | **(AASHTO T 27 & T 11)**                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 25 mm                     | 100^(1)^                                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 19 mm                     | 97 - 100^(1)^                            |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 4.75 mm                   | 41 - 71 (7)                              |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 425 µm                    | 12 - 28 (5)                              |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 75 µm                     | 9 - 16 (4)                               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Plasticity index          | 8 (4)                                    |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

\(1\) Statistical procedures do not apply.

( ) The value in the parentheses is the allowable deviation (±) from the
target values.

**703.06 Crushed Aggregate.** Furnish hard, durable particles or
fragments of crushed stone or gravel conforming to the size and quality
requirements for crushed aggregate material normally used locally in the
construction and maintenance of highways by Federal or State agencies.
Furnish crushed aggregate with a maximum size of 25 millimeters as
determined by AASHTO T 27 and T 11. Furnish crushed aggregate uniformly
graded from coarse to fine and free of organic matter, lumps or balls of
clay, and other deleterious matter.

**703.07 Hot Asphalt Concrete Pavement Aggregate.**

**(a) Coarse aggregate (retained on a 4.75-millimeter sieve).** Furnish
hard, durable particles or fragments of crushed stone, crushed slag, or
crushed gravel conforming to the following:

**(1)** Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 40% max.

**(2)** Sodium sulfate soundness loss (5 cycles), 12% max.

AASHTO T 104

**(3)** Fractured faces, ASTM D 5821 75% min.

**(4)** Durability index (coarse), AASHTO T 210 35 min.

For the surface course, do not use aggregates known to polish or
carbonate aggregates containing less than 25 percent by mass of
insoluble residue when tested according to ASTM D 3042.

**(b) Fine aggregate (passing a 4.75-millimeter sieve).** Furnish
natural sand, stone screenings, slag screenings, or a combination
thereof conforming to AASHTO M 29 including sulfate soundness and the
following:

**(1)** Durability index (fine), AASHTO T 210 35 min.

**(2)** Sand equivalent value, AASHTO T 176, 45 min.

alternate method no. 2, reference method

**(c) Composite aggregate blend.** Size, grade, and combine the
aggregate fractions in mix proportions conforming to the following:

**(1)** Gradation Table 703‑4

**(2)** Clay lumps and friable particles, AASHTO T 112 1.0% max.

**(3)** Reasonably free from organic or other deleterious material

**(d) Lightweight aggregate (slag).** Furnish crushed slag conforming to
the quality requirements of AASHTO M 195. Do not use any other kind or
type of lightweight aggregate as defined in AASHTO M 195.

Table 703‑4

Target Value Ranges for

Hot Asphalt Concrete Pavement Aggregate Gradation

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><p><strong>Sieve</strong></p>
<p><strong>Size</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="12"><p><strong>Percent by Mass Passing Designated
Sieve</strong></p>
<p><strong>(AASHTO T 27 &amp; T 11)</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="13"><strong>Grading Designation</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>A</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>B</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>C</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>D</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>E</strong></td>
<td><strong>F</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">37.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="2">100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">25 mm</td>
<td colspan="2">97-100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2">100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2">100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">19 mm</td>
<td colspan="2">—</td>
<td colspan="2">97-100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2">97-100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2">100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2">100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">12.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="2">—</td>
<td colspan="2">76-88(5)</td>
<td colspan="2">*(5)</td>
<td colspan="2">97-100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2">97-100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">9.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="2">53-70(6)</td>
<td colspan="2">—</td>
<td colspan="2">*(6)</td>
<td colspan="2">—</td>
<td colspan="2">*(5)</td>
<td colspan="2">100<sup>(1)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">4.75 mm</td>
<td colspan="2">40-52(6)</td>
<td colspan="2">49-59(7)</td>
<td colspan="2">*(7)</td>
<td colspan="2">57-69(6)</td>
<td colspan="2">*(6)</td>
<td colspan="2">33-47(6)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">2.36 mm</td>
<td colspan="2">25-39(4)</td>
<td colspan="2">36-45(5)</td>
<td colspan="2">*(5)</td>
<td colspan="2">41-49(6)</td>
<td colspan="2">*(6)</td>
<td colspan="2">7-13(4)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">600 µm</td>
<td colspan="2">12-22(4)</td>
<td colspan="2">20-28(4)</td>
<td colspan="2">*(4)</td>
<td colspan="2">22-30(4)</td>
<td colspan="2">*(4)</td>
<td colspan="2">—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">300 µm</td>
<td colspan="2">8-16(3)</td>
<td colspan="2">13-21(3)</td>
<td colspan="2">*(3)</td>
<td colspan="2">13-21(3)</td>
<td colspan="2">*(3)</td>
<td colspan="2">—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">75 µm</td>
<td colspan="2">3-8(2)</td>
<td colspan="2">3-7(2)</td>
<td colspan="2">3-8(2)</td>
<td colspan="2">3-8(2)</td>
<td colspan="2">3-8(2)</td>
<td colspan="2">2-4(2)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\(1\) Statistical procedures do not apply.

\* Contractor specified target value.

( ) The value in the parentheses is the allowable deviation (±) from the
target values.

**703.08 Open‑Graded Asphalt Friction Course Aggregate.** Conform to
Subsection 703.07 grading F and the following:

**(a)** 2 or more fractured faces, ASTM D 5821 75% min.

**(b)** 1 or more fractured faces, ASTM D 5821 90% min.

**(c)** Flakiness index, ASTM D 4791 30 max.

**703.09 and Tables 703-5 and 703-6 Reserved.**

**703.10 Asphalt Surface Treatment Aggregate.** Furnish hard, durable
particles or fragments of crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed
gravel. Use only one type of aggregate on a project.

Size, grade, and combine the aggregate fractions in mix proportions
conforming to the following:

**(a)** Gradation Table 703-7

**(b)** Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 40% max.

**(c)** Sodium sulfate soundness loss, 12% max.

AASHTO T 104

**(d)** Fractured faces, ASTM D 5821 90% min.

**(e)** Flat and elongated particles, 10% max.

1:3 ratio & 9.5 mm sieve calculated

by mass, weighted average, ASTM D 4791

**(f)** Durability index (coarse), AASHTO T 210 35 min.

**(g)** Durability index (fine), AASHTO T 210 35 min.

**(h)** Clay lumps and friable particles, AASHTO T 112 1.0% max.

Do not use lightweight aggregate according to AASHTO M 195.

Table 703‑7

Target Value Ranges for

Single and Multiple Course Surface Treatment Aggregate Gradation

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3"><strong>Sieve</strong></td>
<td colspan="14"><p><strong>Percent by Mass Passing Designated
Sieve</strong></p>
<p><strong>(AASHTO T 27 &amp; T 11)</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><strong>Size</strong></td>
<td colspan="16"><strong>Grading Designation</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3"><strong>A</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>B</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>C</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>D</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>E</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>F</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">37.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="3">100(1)</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="3"></td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="4"></td>
<td rowspan="4"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">25 mm</td>
<td colspan="3">90-100(3)</td>
<td colspan="3">100(1)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">19 mm</td>
<td colspan="3">0-35(5)</td>
<td colspan="3">90-100(3)</td>
<td colspan="3">100(1)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2">12.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="3">0-8(3)</td>
<td colspan="3">0-35(5)</td>
<td colspan="3">90-100(3)</td>
<td colspan="3">100(1)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3">9.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="3">—</td>
<td colspan="3">0-12(3)</td>
<td>0-35(5)</td>
<td colspan="3">85-100(3)</td>
<td colspan="2">100(1)</td>
<td colspan="2">100(1)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3">4.75 mm</td>
<td colspan="3">—</td>
<td colspan="3">—</td>
<td>0-12(3)</td>
<td colspan="3">0-35(5)</td>
<td colspan="2">85-100(3)</td>
<td colspan="2">85-100(1)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3">2.36 mm</td>
<td colspan="3">—</td>
<td colspan="3">—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td colspan="3">0-8(3)</td>
<td colspan="2">0-23(4)</td>
<td colspan="2">—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3">75 µm</td>
<td colspan="3">0-1(1)</td>
<td colspan="3">0-1(1)</td>
<td>0-1(1)</td>
<td colspan="3">0-1(1)</td>
<td colspan="2">0-1(1)</td>
<td colspan="2">0-10(1)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\(1\) Statistical procedures do not apply.

( ) The value in the parentheses is the allowable deviation (±) from the
target values.

**703.11 Slurry Seal and Micro-Surfacing Aggregate.** Furnish natural or
manufactured sand, slag, crushed fines, or other mineral aggregate
conforming to AASHTO M 29 and the following:

**(a) Slurry seal aggregate.**

**(1)** Gradation Table 703-8

**(2)** Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 35% max.

**(3)** Sand equivalent value, AASHTO T 176, 45 min.

alternate method no. 2, reference method

**(4)** Smooth textured sand with \< 1.25% 50% max.

water absorption content by weight

of total combined aggregate

Table 703‑8

Slurry Seal and Micro-Surfacing Aggregate

Gradation^(1)^ and Application Rates^(2)^

+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| **Sieve**           | **Percent by  |               |                |
|                     | Mass Passing  |               |                |
| **Size**            | Designated    |               |                |
|                     | Sieve**       |               |                |
|                     |               |               |                |
|                     | **(AASHTO T   |               |                |
|                     | 27 & T 11)**  |               |                |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
|                     | **Slurry Seal |               |                |
|                     | Type**        |               |                |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
|                     | **I**         | **II**        | **III**        |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| 9.5 mm              | ---           | 100           | 100            |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| 4.75 mm             | 100           | 90-100        | 70-90          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| 2.36 mm             | 90-100        | 65-90         | 45-70          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| 1.18 mm             | 65-90         | 45-70         | 28-50          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| 600 µm              | 40-65         | 30-50         | 19-34          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| 300 µm              | 25-42         | 18-30         | 12-25          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| 150 µm              | 15-30         | 10-21         | 7-18           |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| 75 µm               | 10-20         | 5-15          | 5-15           |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| Application         | 3.3 - 5.5     | 5.5 - 8.2     | 8.2 or more    |
| rate^(2)^ kg/m²     |               |               |                |
+---------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+

\(1\) Statistical procedures do not apply.

\(2\) Based on the dry mass of the aggregate.

**(b) Micro-surfacing aggregate.**

**(1)** Gradation, type II or III Table 703-8

**(2)** Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 30% max.

**(3)** Sand equivalent value, AASHTO T 176, 65 min.

alternate method no. 2, reference method

**(4)** Sodium sulfate soundness, AASHTO T 104

Using NA~2~SO~4~ 15 max.

Using MgSO~4~ 25 max.

**703.12 Choker Aggregate.** Furnish hard durable particles or fragments
of crushed gravel or crushed stone conforming to the following:

**(a)** Gradation Table 703-9

**(b)** Sand equivalent value, AASHTO T 176, 75 min.

> alternate method no. 2, reference method

**(c)** Free from organic matter and clay balls

Table 703‑9

Choker Aggregate Gradation^(1)^

+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **Sieve**               | **Percent by Mass Passing**                |
|                         |                                            |
| **Size**                | **Designated Sieve**                       |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | **(AASHTO T 27 & T 11)**                   |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| 9.5 mm                  | 100                                        |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| 4.75 mm                 | 70 -- 100                                  |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| 75 µm                   | 0.0 - 5.0                                  |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+

\(1\) Statistical procedures do not apply.

**703.13 Blotter.** Furnish sound durable particles of gravel or crushed
stone conforming to the following:

**(a)** Material passing 9.5-mm sieve, AASHTO T 27 100%

**(b)** Liquid limit, AASHTO T 89 25 max.

**(c)** Free of organic matter and clay balls

**703.14 Aggregate for Aggregate-Topsoil Course.** Conform to the
following:

**(a)** Gradation AASHTO M 43, size number 57

**(b)** Quality AASHTO M 80, class E

**703.15 Sand.** Furnish clean material conforming to the following:

**(a)** Gradation AASHTO M 6

**(b)** Deleterious substances AASHTO M 6, class B

**703.16 Aggregate for Lean Concrete Backfill.** Furnish hard, clean,
durable, nonplastic, nonorganic, nonreactive aggregate.

**703.17 Superpave Asphalt Concrete Pavement Aggregate.** Furnish hard,
durable particles or fragments of crushed stone, crushed slag, or
crushed gravel conforming to the following:

**(a)** Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 35% max.

**(b)** Sodium sulfate soundness loss of coarse 12% max.

and fine aggregate (5 cycles), AASHTO T 104

**(c)** Fractured faces, ASTM D 5821 Table 703-10

**(d)** Fine aggregate angularity, AASHTO T 304, Table 703-11

method A

**(e)** Flat and elongated particles, 3 to 1 ratio, Table 703-11

ASTM D 4791

**(f)** Sand equivalent value, AASHTO T 176, Table 703-11

alternate method no. 2, reference method

**(g)** Gradation. See Table 703-12. Size, grade, and combine the
aggregate fractions in mix proportions that result in a composite blend
between the control points. Nominal maximum size is one sieve size
greater than the first sieve to retain more than 10 percent of the
combined aggregate. Test according to AASHTO T 27 and T 11.

For the surface course, do not use aggregates known to polish or
carbonate aggregates containing less than 25 percent by mass of
insoluble residue when tested according to ASTM D 3042.

Table 703-10

Fractured Faces Coarse Aggregate Requirement

+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| **Traffic**           | **Fractured Faces**   |                       |
|                       |                       |                       |
| **ESALs (million)**   | **(1face % min. / 2   |                       |
|                       | face % min.)**        |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
|                       | **Depth from          |                       |
|                       | Surface**             |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
|                       | **≤ 100 mm**          | **\> 100 mm**         |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| \< 0.3                | 55/-                  | -/-                   |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 0.3 to \< 3           | 75/-                  | 50/-                  |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 3 to \< 10            | 85/80                 | 60/-                  |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 10 to \< 30           | 95/90                 | 80/75                 |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| ≥ 30                  | 100/100               | 100/100               |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+

**Note:** \"85/80\" denotes that a minimum of 85 percent of the coarse
aggregate has one fractured face and a minimum of 80 percent has two
fractured faces.

Table 703-11

Superpave Aggregate Requirements

  ------------- --------------- -------------- ------------- --------------
  **Traffic     **Uncompacted                  **Sand        Flat and
  ESALs         Void Content of                Equivalent    Elongated (%
  (million)**   Fine Aggregate                 (minimum)**   max.) 3:1
                (% minimum)**                                Ratio

                **Depth from                                 
                Surface**                                    

                **≤100 mm**     **\> 100 mm**                

  \< 3          40              40             40            10

  3 to \< 10    45              40             45            

  10 to \< 30   45              40             45            

  ≥ 30          45              45             50            
  ------------- --------------- -------------- ------------- --------------

Table 703-12

Superpave Aggregate Gradation

+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| *        | *    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| *Sieve** | *Nom |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | inal |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| **Size** | Max  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | imum |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | A    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | ggre |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | gate |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | Size |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | --   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | Per  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | cent |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | P    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | assi |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | ng** |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|          | *    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | *Gra |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | ding |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | D    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | esig |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | nati |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|          | on** |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|          | **   |      | **   |      | **   |      | *    |      |
|          | 25.0 |      | 19.0 |      | 12.5 |      | *9.5 |      |
|          | mm** |      | mm** |      | mm** |      | mm** |      |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|          | **Mi | **Ma | **Mi | **Ma | **Mi | **Ma | **Mi | **Ma |
|          | n.** | x.** | n.** | x.** | n.** | x.** | n.** | x.** |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 37.5 mm  | 100  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 25.0 mm  | 90   | 100  | 100  |      |      |      |      |      |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 19.0 mm  | \*   | \*   | 90   | 100  | 100  |      |      |      |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 12.5 mm  | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | 90   | 100  | 100  |      |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 9.5 mm   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | 90   | 100  |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 4.75 mm  | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 2.36 mm  | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 600 µm   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 300 µm   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   | \*   |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 75 µm    | 3    | 8    | 3    | 8    | 3    | 8    | 3    | 8    |
+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

**\*** Contractor specified target values. See Table 703-13 for
allowable deviations.

Table 703-13

Allowable Deviations for Target Value Gradations

  ---------------------- ------------------------- -----------------------
  **Gradation Range**                              **Allowable Deviation**

  **Minimum**            **Maximum**               

  70.1                   89.9                      4

  60.1                   70.0                      5

  55.1                   60.0                      6

  45.1                   55.0                      7

  40.1                   45.0                      6

  30.1                   40.0                      5

  21.1                   30.0                      4

  8.1                    21.0                      3

  0                      8.0                       2
  ---------------------- ------------------------- -----------------------

Table 703-14

Coarse and Fine Gradation Classification

  --------------------- ------------- ------------ ----------- -----------
  **Nominal Maximum     Primary                                
  Aggregate Size**      Control Sieve                          
                        (PCS) for                              
                        Mixture                                
                        Nominal                                
                        Maximum Sieve                          
                        Size                                   

                        **25.0 mm**   **19.0 mm**  **12.5 mm** **9.5 mm**

  **PCS**               4.75 mm       4.75 mm      2.36 mm     2.36 mm

  **PCS Control Point   40            47           39          47
  (% Passing)**                                                
  --------------------- ------------- ------------ ----------- -----------

**703.18 Shotcrete Aggregate.** For fine aggregate, furnish rounded
particles conforming to Subsection 703.01. For coarse aggregate, conform
to AASHTO M 80, class B, except as amended or supplemented by the
following:

**(a)** Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 40 % max.

**(b)** Adherent coating, ASTM D 5711 1.0 % max.

Combine the aggregates to meet the designated gradation in Table 703-15

Table 703 - 15

Shotcrete Gradation Limits for Combined Aggregates

+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| **Sieve** | **Percent by  |                   |                     |
|           | Mass Passing  |                   |                     |
| **Size**  | Designated    |                   |                     |
|           | Sieve**       |                   |                     |
|           |               |                   |                     |
|           | **(AASHTO T   |                   |                     |
|           | 27 & T 11)**  |                   |                     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
|           | **Grading     |                   |                     |
|           | Designation** |                   |                     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
|           | **A**         | **B**             | **C**               |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 19 mm     | ---           | ---               | 100                 |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 12.5 mm   | ---           | 100               | 80-95               |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 9.5 mm    | 100           | 90-100            | 70-90               |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 4.75 mm   | 95-100        | 70-85             | 50-70               |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 2.36 mm   | 80-100        | 50-70             | 35-55               |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 1.18 mm   | 50-85         | 35-55             | 20-40               |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 600 µm    | 25-60         | 20-35             | 10-30               |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 300 µm    | 10-30         | 8-20              | 5-17                |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 150 µm    | 2-10          | 2-10              | 2-10                |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+

**703.19 Recycled Asphalt Pavement.** Furnish recycled asphalt pavement
that is processed in some form (by crushing and screening) to produce a
well graded gradation and asphalt content. Process recycled asphalt
pavement so that no particle in the mixture made with recycled asphalt
pavement will exceed the mixture maximum aggregate size at the time of
production. Millings will be considered processed provided they have a
uniform gradation and asphalt content. Provide recycled asphalt pavement
material with a maximum of 2 percent deleterious materials.

## Section 704. --- SOIL

**704.01 Foundation Fill.** Furnish granular material free of excess
moisture, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material and
conforming to the following:

**(a)** Maximum particle size 50-mm

**(b)** Soil classification, AASHTO M 145 A-1-a

**(c)** Material passing 75-µm sieve, 6% max.

AASHTO T 27 and T 11

**704.02 Bedding Material.** Furnish material free of excess moisture,
muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material conforming
to the following:

**(a)** Maximum particle size 12.5 mm or half the corrugation

> depth, whichever is smaller

**(b)** Soil classification, AASHTO M 145 A-1, A-2-4, A-2-5, or A-3

**704.03 Backfill Material.** Furnish a well-graded, compactable
material free of excess moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or
other deleterious material conforming to the following:

**(a) For all structures and pipes other than plastic pipe:**

**(1)** Maximum particle size 75 mm

**(2)** Soil classification, AASHTO M 145 A-1, A-2, or A-3

**(b) For plastic pipe:**

**(1)** Maximum particle size 37.5 mm

**(2)** Soil classification, AASHTO M 145 A-1, A-2-4, A-2-5,

> or A-3

**704.04 Structural Backfill.** Furnish free draining granular material
free of excess moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other
deleterious material conforming to the following:

**(a)** Maximum particle size 75 mm

**(b)** Material passing 75-µm sieve, 15% max.

AASHTO T 27 and T 11

**(c)** Liquid limit, AASHTO T 89 30% max.

**704.05 Topping.** Furnish a granular material free of excess moisture,
muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material conforming
to the following:

**(a)** Maximum particle size 100 mm

**(b)** Soil classification, AASHTO M 145 A‑1 or A-2-4

**704.06 Unclassified Borrow**. Furnish granular material free of excess
moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material
conforming to the following:

**(a)** Maximum particle size 600 mm

**(b)** Soil classification, AASHTO M 145 A‑1, A-3, or A‑2‑4

**704.07 Select Borrow.** Furnish granular material free of excess
moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material
conforming to the following:

**(a)** Gradation Table 704-1

**(b)** Liquid limit, AASHTO T 89 30 max.

Table 704-1

Select Borrow Gradation

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| **Sieve Size**           | **Percent by Mass Passing Designated      |
|                          | Sieve**                                   |
|                          |                                           |
|                          | **(AASHTO T 27 & T 11)**                  |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| 75 mm                    | 100                                       |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| 25.0 mm                  | 70-100                                    |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| 4.75 mm                  | 30-70                                     |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| 75 µm                    | 0-5                                       |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

**704.08 Select Topping.** Furnish granular material free of excess
moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material
conforming to the following:

**(a)** Gradation, well graded coarse to fine Table 704-2

**(b)** Liquid limit, AASHTO T 89 30 max.

Table 704-2

Select Topping Gradation

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| **Sieve Size**           | **Percent by Mass Passing Designated      |
|                          | Sieve**                                   |
|                          |                                           |
|                          | **(AASHTO T 27 & T 11)**                  |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| 75 mm                    | 100                                       |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| 75 µm                    | 0-15                                      |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

**704.09 Bed Course.** Furnish porous, free‑draining granular material
free of excess moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other
deleterious material conforming to the following:

**(a)** Gradation, well graded coarse to fine Table 704-3

**(b)** Liquid limit, AASHTO T 89 30 max.

Table 704-3

Bed Course Gradation

+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **Sieve Size**          | **Percent by Mass Passing Designated       |
|                         | Sieve**                                    |
|                         |                                            |
|                         | **(AASHTO T 27 & T 11)**                   |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| 12.5 mm                 | 100                                        |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| 75 µm                   | 0 -- 10                                    |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------+

**704.10 Select Granular Backfill.** Furnish sound, durable, granular
material free from organic matter or other deleterious material. Conform
to the following:

**(a) Quality requirements.**

**(1)** Gradation Table 704-4

**(2)** Angle of internal friction 34° min.

on the portion passing the 2-mm sieve,

AASHTO T 236

**Note:** Compact samples for AASHTO T 236 to 95 percent of the maximum
density determined according to AASHTO T 99, method C or D and corrected
for oversized material according to AASHTO T 99, Note 9.

**(3)** Sodium sulfate soundness loss (5 cycles), 15% max.

AASHTO T 104

**(4)** Plasticity index, AASHTO T 90 6 max.

**(b) Electrochemical requirements for MSE walls with metallic
reinforcements.**

**(1)** Resistivity, AASHTO T 288 3000 Ωcm min.

**(2)** pH, AASHTO T 289 5.0 to 10.0

**(3)** Sulfate content, AASHTO T 290 200 ppm max.

**(4)** Chloride content, AASHTO T 291 100 ppm max.

**Note:** Tests for sulfate and chloride content are not required when
resistivity is greater than 5000 ohm centimeters.

**(c) Electrochemical requirements for MSE walls with geosynthetic
reinforcements.**

pH, AASHTO T 289 5.0 to 10.0

Table 704-4

Select Granular Backfill Gradation

  --------------------------- -------------------------------------------
  **Sieve Size**              **Percent by Mass Passing Designated Sieve
                              (AASHTO T 27 & T 11)**

  100 mm                      100

  425 µm                      0 -- 60

  75 µm                       0 -- 15
  --------------------------- -------------------------------------------

**704.11 Reserved.**

**704.12 Crib Wall Backfill.** Furnish material according to Subsection
704.10, except conform to the gradation in Table 704-5.

Table 704-5

Crib Wall Backfill Gradation

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Sieve Size**            | **Percent by Mass Passing Designated     |
|                           | Sieve**                                  |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | **(AASHTO T 27 & T 11)**                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 75 mm                     | 100                                      |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 4.75 mm                   | 25 -- 70                                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 300 µm                    | 5 -- 20                                  |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 75 µm                     | 0 -- 5                                   |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

## Section 705. --- ROCK

**705.01 Gabion and Revet Mattress Rock.** Furnish hard, durable rock
that is resistant to weathering and reasonably free of organic and spoil
material. Conform to the following:

**(a)** Coarse durability index, AASHTO T 210 52 min.

**(b)** Unit mass of a filled basket 1600 kg/m^3^ min.

**(c)** Gradation:

**(1)** Baskets 0.3 meters or greater in the vertical dimension.

*(a)* Maximum dimension 200 mm

*(b)* Minimum dimension 100 mm

**(2)** Baskets less than 0.3 meters in the vertical dimension.

*(a)* Maximum dimension 150 mm

*(b)* Minimum dimension 75 mm

**705.02 Riprap Rock.** Furnish hard, durable, angular rock that is
resistant to weathering and water action and free of organic or other
unsuitable material. Do not use shale, rock with shale seams, or other
fissile or fissured rock that may break into smaller pieces in the
process of handling and placing. Conform to the following:

**(a)** Apparent specific gravity, AASHTO T 85 2.50 min.

**(b)** Absorption, AASHTO T 85 4.2% max.

**(c)** Coarse durability index, AASHTO T 210 50 min.

**(d)** Gradation for the class specified Table 705-1

Table 705-1

Gradation Requirements for Riprap

+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
| **C    | **Percent of**   | **Mass**       | * |                        |
| lass** |                  |                | * |                        |
|        | **Rock by Mass** | **(kg)**       | A |                        |
|        |                  |                | p |                        |
|        |                  |                | p |                        |
|        |                  |                | r |                        |
|        |                  |                | o |                        |
|        |                  |                | x |                        |
|        |                  |                | i |                        |
|        |                  |                | m |                        |
|        |                  |                | a |                        |
|        |                  |                | t |                        |
|        |                  |                | e |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
|        |                  |                |   |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
|        |                  |                | C |                        |
|        |                  |                | u |                        |
|        |                  |                | b |                        |
|        |                  |                | i |                        |
|        |                  |                | c |                        |
|        |                  |                | D |                        |
|        |                  |                | i |                        |
|        |                  |                | m |                        |
|        |                  |                | e |                        |
|        |                  |                | n |                        |
|        |                  |                | s |                        |
|        |                  |                | i |                        |
|        |                  |                | o |                        |
|        |                  |                | n |                        |
|        |                  |                | ^ |                        |
|        |                  |                | ( |                        |
|        |                  |                | 2 |                        |
|        |                  |                | ) |                        |
|        |                  |                | ( |                        |
|        |                  |                | 3 |                        |
|        |                  |                | ) |                        |
|        |                  |                | ^ |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
|        |                  |                |   |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
|        |                  |                | ( |                        |
|        |                  |                | m |                        |
|        |                  |                | m |                        |
|        |                  |                | ) |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
|        |                  |                | * |                        |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
| 1      | 20               | 10 to 15       |   | 150 to 200             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 30               | 5 to 10        |   | 125 to 150             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 40               | 0.5 to 5       |   | 50 to 125              |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 10 ^(1)^         | 0 to 0.5       |   | 0 to 50                |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
| 2      | 20               | 25 to 50       |   | 200 to 250             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 30               | 10 to 25       |   | 150 to 200             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 40               | 1 to 10        |   | 75 to 150              |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 10 ^(1)^         | 0 to 1         |   | 0 to 75                |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
| 3      | 20               | 100 to 150     |   | 350 to 400             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 30               | 50 to 100      |   | 250 to 350             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 40               | 5 to 50        |   | 125 to 250             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 10 ^(1)^         | 0 to 5         |   | 0 to 125               |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
| 4      | 20               | 250 to 350     |   | 450 to 500             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 30               | 100 to 250     |   | 350 to 450             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 40               | 10 to 100      |   | 150 to 350             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 10 ^(1)^         | 0 to 10        |   | 0 to 150               |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
| 5      | 20               | 700 to 1000    |   | 650 to 700             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 30               | 350 to 700     |   | 500 to 650             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 40               | 25 to 350      |   | 200 to 500             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 10 ^(1)^         | 0 to 25        |   | 0 to 200               |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
| 6      | 20               | 850 to 1600    |   | 700 to 850             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 30               | 500 to 850     |   | 550 to 700             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 40               | 50 to 500      |   | 250 to 550             |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+
|        | 10 ^(1)^         | 0 to 50        |   | 0 to 250               |
+--------+------------------+----------------+---+------------------------+

\(1\) Furnish spalls and rock fragments graded to provide a stable dense
mass.

\(2\) The volume of a rock with these cubic dimensions has a mass
approximately equal to the specified rock mass.

\(3\) Furnish rock with breadth and thickness at least one-third its
length.

**705.03 Rock for Masonry Structures.** Furnish sound, durable rock that
is native to the vicinity of the work or is similar in texture and color
to the native rock and has been proven satisfactory for the intended
use.

Furnish dimensioned masonry rock free of reeds, rifts, seams,
laminations, and minerals that may cause discoloration or deterioration
from weathering.

**(a) Sizes and shapes.** Do not use rock with depressions or
projections that might weaken it or prevent it from being properly
bedded.

When no dimensions are shown on the plans, furnish the rocks in the
sizes and face areas necessary to produce the general characteristics
and appearance indicated on the plans.

Unless otherwise specified, furnish rock fragments with the following
dimensions:

**(1)** Minimum thickness 125 mm

**(2)** Minimum width 300 mm or 1½ times the thickness, whichever is
greater

**(3)** Minimum length 1½ times the width

**(4)** Rocks with volume ≥ 0.03 m^3^ 50% min.

When headers are required, furnish headers with lengths no less than the
width of bed of the widest adjacent stretcher plus 300 millimeters.

**(b) Dressing.** Remove all thin or weak portions. Dress face rock bed
and joint lines to a maximum variation from true line as follows:

**(1)** Rubble masonry 40 mm

**(2)** Class B masonry 20 mm

**(3)** Class A masonry 5 mm

**(4)** Dimensioned masonry Reasonably true

**(c) Bed surfaces.** Dress face rock bed surfaces normal to the face to
a depth of 75 millimeters. Beyond that point, the departure from normal
may not exceed 25 millimeters in 300 millimeters for dimensioned masonry
or 50 millimeters in 300 millimeters for all other classes.

**(d) Joint surfaces.** For dimensioned masonry, dress face rock joint
surfaces normal to the bed surface. For all other classes of masonry,
dress face rock joint surfaces to form an angle with the bed surface of
not less than 45 degrees.

Dress face rock joint surfaces normal to the face to a depth of 50
millimeters. Beyond that point, the departure from normal may not exceed
25 millimeters in 300 millimeters.

Do not round corners at the meeting of the bed and joint lines in excess
of the following radii:

**(1)** Rubble masonry 40 mm

**(2)** Class B masonry 25 mm

**(3)** Class A masonry No rounding

**(4)** Dimensioned masonry No rounding

**(e) Arch ring rock joint surfaces.** Dress ring rock joint surfaces
radial to the arch or normal to the front face to a depth of 75
millimeters. Beyond that point, the departure from the radial or normal
may not exceed 20 millimeters in 300 millimeters.

Dress the back surface adjacent to the arch barrel concrete parallel to
the front face and normal to the intrados to a depth of 150 millimeters.
When concrete is placed after the masonry is constructed, vary adjacent
ring stones at least 150 millimeters in depth.

**(f) Finish for exposed faces.** Remove all drill or quarry marks from
exposed faces. Pitch face stones to the line along all beds and joints.
Finish the exposed faces as specified in the contract. The following
symbols are used to represent the type of surface or dressing specified:

**(1) Fine pointed (F.P.).** Make point depressions approximately 10
millimeters apart. Limit surface variations to 3 millimeters or less
from the pitch line.

**(2) Medium pointed (M.P.).** Make point depressions approximately
15 millimeters apart. Limit surface variations to 5 millimeters or less
from the pitch line.

**(3) Coarse pointed (C.P.).** Make point depressions approximately
30 millimeters apart. Limit surface variations to 10 millimeters or less
from the pitch line.

**(4) Split or seam face (S.).** Provide a smooth appearance, free from
tool marks, with no depressions below the pitch line, and no projection
exceeding 20 millimeters beyond the pitch line.

**(5) Rock faced (R.F.).** Provide an irregular projecting surface
without tool marks, concave surfaces below the pitch line, and
projections beyond the specified pitch line. For example, the
specification \"40 R.F.\" means no projections 40 millimeters beyond the
pitch line. Where a \"variable rock face\" is specified, uniformly
distribute stones of the same height of projection.

**705.04 Rock for Special Rock Embankment.**

**(a) Mechanically-placed embankments.** Furnish hard, durable rock that
is angular in shape, resistant to weathering, and graded in a
well-balanced range conforming to Table 705-2.

Table 705-2

Gradation for Mechanically-placed Rock

+------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| **Percent of Rock**    | **Mass**           | **Equivalent**         |
|                        |                    |                        |
| **Fragments by**       | **(kg)**           | **Cubic Dimension**    |
|                        |                    |                        |
| **Mass**               |                    | **(mm)**               |
+------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| 50                     | Greater than 900   | Larger than 700        |
+------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| 50                     | 40 to 900          | 250 to 700             |
+------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+

**(b) Hand-placed embankments.** Furnish hard, durable rock that is
angular in shape, resistant to weathering, and graded in a well-balanced
range conforming to Table 705‑3.

Table 705-3

Gradation for Hand-placed Rock

+------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+
| **Percent of Rock**    | **Mass**          | **Equivalent**          |
|                        |                   |                         |
| **Fragments by**       | **(kg)**          | **Cubic Dimension**     |
|                        |                   |                         |
| **Mass**               |                   | **(mm)**                |
+------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+
| 75                     | Greater than 75   | Larger than 300         |
+------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+
| 25                     | 40 to 75          | 250 to 300              |
+------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+

**705.05 Rock for Buttresses.**

**(a) General.** Furnish hard, durable, angular rock free of organic and
spoil material, resistant to weathering and water action. Furnish rock
with breadth and thickness at least one-third its length. Conform to the
following:

**(1)** Apparent specific gravity, AASHTO T 85 2.50 min.

**(2)** Absorption, AASHTO T 85 4.2% max.

**(3)** Coarse durability index, AASHTO T 210 52 min.

**(b) Mechanically-placed buttresses.** In addition to (a) above,
furnish rock graded in a well-balanced range conforming to Table 705-2.

**(c) Hand-placed buttresses.** In addition to (a) above, furnish rock
graded in a well-balanced range conforming to Table 705-3.

**705.06 Stone Curbing.**

**(a) Stone curb, type I.** Conform to the size and shape specified and
the following:

Furnish quarried limestone, sandstone, or granite from an approved
source. Use one type of stone throughout the project. Do not use stone
with visible drill marks on the exposed faces.

Saw or point the top surface of all vertical stone curb to an
approximate true plane with no depression or projection on that surface
of over 6 millimeters. Pitch the front and back arris lines straight and
true. Limit projections or depressions on the back surface to not exceed
a batter of 25 millimeters horizontal to 75 millimeters vertical.

Saw, point, or smooth quarry split the front exposed face of the
vertical stone curb and form to an approximately true plane. Limit
projections or depressions on the remaining face distance to 25
millimeters or less from the plane of the exposed face.

Square the ends of vertical stone curb with the top back and face and
finish so when the sections are placed end to end, no space more than 13
millimeters shall show in the joint for the full width of the top
surface and for the entire exposed front face. The remainder of the end
may break back no more than 100 millimeters from the plane of the joint.
Cut the joints of circular or curved stone curb on radial lines.

The minimum length of any segment of vertical stone curb is 1.2 meters.
However the length may vary where a depressed or modified section of
curb is required for driveways, crossings, closures, etc.

**(b) Stone curb, type II.** Slope stone curb shall conform to the
requirements for type I stone curb except as follows:

The maximum allowable projection or depression on a horizontal top
surface is limited to 13 millimeters. On other exposed faces, the
maximum allowable projection or depression is limited to 25 millimeters.

For unexposed surfaces, the maximum allowable projection or depression
from a true plane on a 0.5-meter length shall be 75 millimeters.

The maximum allowable space showing on exposed faces between adjacent
segments of slope stone curb is 19 millimeters. The minimum length of
any segment of slope stone curb is 0.5 meter.

## Section 706. --- CONCRETE AND PLASTIC PIPE

**706.01 Non-Reinforced Concrete Pipe.** Conform to AASHTO M 86M for the
diameters and strength classes specified.

**706.02 Reinforced Concrete Pipe.** Conform to AASHTO M 170M for the
diameters and strength classes specified. For precast reinforced
concrete end sections, conform to cited specifications to the extent
they apply.

**706.03 Perforated Concrete Pipe.** Conform to AASHTO M 175M, type 1 or
2 and AASHTO M 86M for the diameters and strength classes specified.

**706.04 Reinforced Arch-Shaped Concrete Pipe.** Conform to AASHTO M
206M for the diameters and strength classes specified.

**706.05 Reinforced Elliptically-Shaped Concrete Pipe.** Conform to
AASHTO M 207M for the diameters, placement design (horizontal or
vertical), and strength classes specified.

**706.06 Reinforced D-Load Concrete Pipe.** Conform to AASHTO M 242M for
the diameters specified.

**706.07 Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections.** Conform to AASHTO M
259M or M 273M, as applicable, for dimensions and loading conditions
specified.

**706.08 Plastic Pipe.** Furnish perforated and nonperforated plastic
pipe conforming to the following for the sizes and types specified. For
watertight joints, conform to ASTM D 3212.

**(a) Smooth wall polyethylene pipe.** Furnish 300- to 1050-millimeter
diameter pipe conforming to ASTM F 714 and minimum cell class, ASTM D
3350, 335434C.

**(b) Corrugated polyethylene pipe.** Furnish 300- to 1200-millimeter
diameter pipe conforming to AASHTO M 294. For sanitary sewer
applications, furnish AASHTO M 294, type S pipe with watertight joints.

**(c) Profile wall (ribbed) polyethylene pipe.** Furnish 450- to
1200‑millimeter diameter pipe conforming to ASTM F 894 and minimum cell
class, ASTM D 3350, 334433C or 335434C.

**(d) Corrugated polyethylene drainage tubing.** Furnish 75- to
250‑millimeter diameter tubing conforming to AASHTO M 252.

**(e) Smooth wall polyvinyl chloride pipe.** Furnish 100- to
375-millimeter diameter pipe conforming to AASHTO M 278 and minimum cell
class, ASTM D 1784, 12454 or 12364. For sanitary sewer applications,
conform to ASTM D 3034.

**(f) Profile wall (ribbed) polyvinyl chloride pipe.** Furnish 100- to
1200‑millimeter diameter pipe conforming to AASHTO M 304 and minimum
cell class, ASTM D 1784, 12454C or 12364C. For sanitary sewer
applications, conform to ASTM F 794 or F 949.

**(g) Acrylonitrile‑butadiene‑styrene (ABS) pipe.** Conform to AASHTO M
264. For perforations, conform to AASHTO M 278.

## Section 707. --- METAL PIPE

**707.01 Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe.** Conform to ASTM A 716 for the
sizes specified.

**707.02 Metallic-Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe.** Furnish pipe, special
sections (such as elbows, branch connections, and prefabricated flared
end sections), and coupling bands conforming to AASHTO M 36 and either
AASHTO M 218, M 274, or M 289 for the dimensions and thicknesses
specified.

Fabricate underdrain pipe from steel sheets with a minimum thickness of
1.32 millimeters. Use any class of perforation specified in AASHTO M 36.

**707.03 Aluminum-Alloy Corrugated Pipe.** Furnish pipe, special
sections (such as elbows, branch connections, and prefabricated flared
end sections), and coupling bands conforming to AASHTO M 196 for the
dimensions and thicknesses specified.

Fabricate underdrain pipe from aluminum sheets with a minimum thickness
of 1.22 millimeters. Use any class of perforation.

**707.04 Asphalt-Coated Pipe.** Furnish pipe, special sections (such as
elbows, branch connections, and prefabricated flared end sections), and
coupling bands conforming to Section 707 as applicable for the kinds of
pipes to be coated.

Coat the pipe with asphalt material conforming to AASHTO M 190 for the
type of coating specified. Coat special sections (such as elbows, branch
connections, and end sections) and coupling bands according to AASHTO M
190. Coat flared end sections with an asphalt coating conforming to
AASHTO M 190, type A or a field applied asphalt mastic coating
conforming to AASHTO M 243.

**707.05 Steel Structural Plate Structures.** Furnish structures and
assembly fasteners for connecting plates conforming to AASHTO M 167 for
the sizes and types specified.

**707.06 Aluminum-Alloy Structural Plate Structures.** Furnish
structures and assembly fasteners for connecting plates conforming to
AASHTO M 219 for the sizes and types specified.

**707.07 Asphalt-Coated Structural Plate Structures.** Furnish
structures conforming to either Subsection 707.05 or 707.06 as
applicable. Coat with an asphalt coating conforming to AASHTO M 190,
type A or a field applied asphalt mastic coating conforming to AASHTO M
243.

If the asphalt coating is applied to the plates before field erection,
identify each plate\'s nominal metal thickness by painting the data on
the inside surface of the plates after coating. Other methods of plate
identification may be used if approved.

**707.08 Polymer-Coated Steel Pipe.** Furnish pipe, special sections
(such as elbows and branch connections), and coupling bands conforming
to AASHTO M 245, grade 250/250 and M 246, grade 250/250.

**707.09 Fiber-Bonded Asphalt Coated Steel Pipe.** Furnish pipe, special
sections (such as elbows, branch connections, and prefabricated flared
end sections), and coupling bands conforming to Subsection 707.02 except
use a zinc metallic coating impregnated with an aramid fiber composite
conforming to ASTM A 885M.

After fabrication, coat the pipe sections with asphalt material
according to AASHTO M 190 for the type of coating specified.

Coat coupling bands with a asphalt material according to AASHTO M 190,
type A. Coupling bands do not require fiber bonding.

**707.10 Slotted Drain Pipe.** Furnish pipe conforming to AASHTO M 36
and either AASHTO M 218, 274, or M 289 for the dimensions and
thicknesses specified. Fabricate the pipe with either angle slots or
grate slots and as shown on the plans.

Furnish grate assemblies for the grate slot drain conforming to ASTM
A 570M, grade 250. Galvanize slot angles and grate slot assemblies
according to Subsection 725.12.

**707.11 Metallic-Coated Spiral Rib Pipe.** Furnish pipe, special
sections (such as elbows and branch connections), and coupling bands
conforming to AASHTO M 36, type IR and IIR, AASHTO M 218, M 274, or M
289 for the dimensions and thicknesses specified.

**707.12 Aluminum-Alloy Spiral Rib Pipe.** Furnish pipe, special
sections (such as elbows and branch connections), and coupling bands
conforming to AASHTO M 196, type IR and IIR for the dimensions and
thicknesses specified.

**707.13 Concrete-Lined Corrugated Steel Pipe.** Furnish pipe, special
sections (such as elbows and branch connections), and coupling bands
conforming to Subsection 707.02 for the dimensions and thicknesses
specified. Fully line the pipe and special sections with concrete
according to ASTM A 849, class C.

**707.14 Invert-Paved Corrugated Steel Pipe.** Furnish pipe, special
sections (such as elbows and branch connections), and coupling bands
conforming to Subsection 707.02 for the dimensions and thicknesses
specified. Pave the invert of the pipe and special sections with
concrete or asphalt material according to ASTM A 849, class C or B, as
specified.

## Section 708. --- PAINT

**708.01 General.** Furnish a contrasting color for each coat of paint.
For the finish coat color, conform to Federal Standard 595 B. If
requested, provide color chips from the paint supplier.

**(a) Packaging.** Furnish paint in strong, substantial containers,
plainly marked with the following:

**(1)** Trade name or trade mark;

**(2)** Paint type, color, formulation, lot number, and date of
manufacture;

**(3)** Net mass;

**(4)** Volume including the percent of solids and the percent of
volatile organic compound (VOC);

**(5)** Storage requirements;

**(6)** Mixing instructions and equipment cleanup instructions; and

**(7)** Name and address of the manufacturer.

**(b) Volatile organic compound (VOC) content.** Conform to the
following VOC limits for both shop and field painting:

**(1)** Clear (unpigmented) coatings 450 g/L max.

**(2)** Other coatings 350 g/L max.

**(c) Lead content.** max. 0.06% by mass in the dried film

**(d) Other properties.** Furnish paint that:

**(1)** Does not show excessive settling in a freshly‑opened full can;

**(2)** Easily redisperses with a paddle to a smooth, homogeneous state
free of curdling, livering, caking, color separation, lumps, and skins;

**(3)** Does not skin within 48 hours in a ¾ filled, closed container;

**(4)** Brushes on easily;

**(5)** Possess good leveling properties;

**(6)** Shows no running or sagging tendencies when applied to smooth
steel vertical surfaces;

**(7)** Dries to a smooth uniform finish, free from roughness, grit,
unevenness and other surface imperfections;

**(8)** Shows no streaking or separation when flowed on clean glass; and

**(9)** Shows no thickening, curdling, gelling, or hard caking after 6
months of storage in a full, tightly‑covered container at a temperature
of 20 ºC.

**708.02 Paint for Timber Structures.**

**(a) Primer.** Conform to MPI no. 5 or 7.

**(b) Paint.** Conform to MPI no. 8, 9, 10, 11, 94, or 119.

**708.03 Paint for Concrete and Masonry Block Structures.** Conform to
MPI 10, 11, or 119. Color tint with universal or all purpose
concentrates.

**708.04 Paint for Steel Structures.** Conform to the following:

**(a) Inorganic zinc primer.** SSPC no. 20, type I

**(b) Vinyl wash primer.** SSPC no. 27

**(c) Aluminum vinyl paint.** SSPC no. 8

**(d) White or colored vinyl paint.** SSPC no. 9

**(e) Aliphatic urethane coating.** SSPC no. 36

**(f) Latex primer for steel surfaces.** SSPC no. 23

**(g) Acrylic latex coating.** SSPC no. 24

**(h) Epoxy coating.** SSPC no. 22

**(i) Alkyd primer.** SSPC no. 31

**(j) Silicone alkyd coating.** SSPC no. 21

**708.05 Penetrating Stain.** Conform to the following:

**(a)** Weatherometer on base 1000 h

material, ASTM G 23

**(b)** Acrylic dispersion 73.4% of nonvolatile vehicle

**(c)** Viscosity 58±2 Krebs units

**(d)** Solids volatile content 40.3

Store stain according to the manufacturer\'s recommendations.

## Section 709. --- REINFORCING STEEL AND WIRE ROPE

**709.01 Reinforcing Steel.**

**(a) General.** Furnish the following information with each shipment of
steel to the project:

**(1)** Name and location of the steel rolling mill;

**(2)** Manufacturing process;

**(3)** Heat number(s);

**(4)** Size(s);

**(5)** Specifications;

**(6)** Copies of mill test analyses for chemical and physical tests;
and

**(7)** Consignee and destination of shipment.

**(b) Reinforcing bars.** Furnish deformed, grade 420 bars conforming to
AASHTO M 31M, M 42M, or M 53M.

**(c) Epoxy‑coated reinforcing bars.** Furnish bars conforming to
Subsection 709.01 (b). Conform to AASHTO M 284M.

Inspect the reinforcing bars after the near white blast cleaning. Reject
all bars with steel slivers or scabs. Selective sorting and rejection at
the fabricator\'s shop may avoid unnecessary delays and subsequent
rejection of bars during the precoating inspection at the coating
applicator\'s shop.

Coat epoxy coated reinforcing steel in a plant certified by CRSI as a
fusion bonded epoxy applicator.

**(d) Tie bars.** Furnish deformed, grade 420 bars conforming to AASHTO
M 31M or M 42M, except do not use AASHTO M 42M steel for tie bars bent
and restraightened during construction.

**(e) Hook bolts.** Furnish plain, grade 420 bars conforming to AASHTO M
31M or M 42M with M14 rolled threads or M16 cut threads. Furnish a
threaded sleeve nut capable of sustaining a minimum axial load of 67
kilonewtons.

**(f) Dowel bars.** Conform to AASHTO M 254, type A or B. Use plain
round bars, free from burring or other deformation restricting free
movement in the concrete. Paint half the length of each dowel bar with
one coat of tar paint. When the paint dries and immediately before
placing the dowels, lubricate the painted end to prevent concrete from
bonding to the painted end.

For expansion joints, furnish a dowel cap that snugly covers 50±5
millimeters of the dowel, has a closed end, and has a suitable stop to
hold the closed end 25 millimeters from the end of the dowel bar.

Lubricants for type B dowels may be rapid-curing cut-back asphalt,
medium setting emulsified asphalt, or a flaked graphite and vehicle.
Lubricants are not required for type A coated dowel bars.

Furnish dowel assemblies that hold dowel bars within 6-millimeter
tolerance vertically and horizontally during concrete placement and
permit unrestricted movement of the pavement slab.

Use wire conforming to AASHTO M 32M for dowel assemblies. Coat dowel
assemblies with the same material as the dowel bar. Recoat or repair
damaged coatings equivalent to the manufacturer\'s original coating.

**(g) Deformed steel wire.** Conform to AASHTO M 225M.

**(h) Welded steel wire fabric.** Conform to AASHTO M 55M.

**(i) Cold‑drawn steel wire.** Conform to AASHTO M 32M.

**(j) Welded deformed steel wire fabric.** Conform to AASHTO M 221M.

**(k) Fabricated deformed steel bar or rod mats.** Conform to AASHTO M
54M.

**(l) Low alloy steel deformed bars.** Conform to ASTM A 706M.

**709.02 Wire Rope or Wire Cable.** Conform to AASHTO M 30 for the size
and strength class specified.

**709.03 Prestressing Steel.** Fabricate from one of the following:

• Stress-relieved wire strand, AASHTO M 204M, type BA or WA;

• Stress-relieved seven-wire strand, AASHTO M 203M, grade 1860; or

• High-strength steel bars, AASHTO M 275M, type II

Submit representative samples from prestressed members fabricated off
site. In the case of wire or strand, take the sample from the same
master roll.

**(a) Pretensioning method.** Furnish a sample at least 2 meters long of
each strand size from each coil.

**(b) Post‑tensioning method.** Furnish samples of the following
lengths.

**(1)** For wires requiring a head, 5 meters.

**(2)** For wires not requiring a head, sufficient length to make up one
parallel‑lay cable 1.5 meters long consisting of the same number of
wires as the cable to be furnished.

**(3)** For strands furnished with fittings, 1.5 meters between near
ends of fittings.

**(4)** For bars to be furnished with threaded ends and nuts, 1.5 meters
between threads at ends.

## Section 710. --- FENCE AND GUARDRAIL

**710.01 Barbed Wire.** Furnish galvanized wire conforming to AASHTO M
280 or aluminum coated wire conforming to AASHTO M 305, type I.

**710.02 Woven Wire.** Furnish galvanized fabric conforming to AASHTO M
279 or aluminum coated fabric conforming to ASTM A 584.

**710.03 Chain Link Fence.** Furnish fabric, posts, rails, ties, bands,
bars, rods, and other fittings and hardware conforming to AASHTO M 181.

Furnish 4.5-millimeter coiled spring steel tension wire conforming to
ASTM A 641M hard temper with a class 3 galvanized coating or an
aluminized coating having a minimum coating mass of 120 grams per square
meter of aluminum. Use the same coating on the tension wire as used on
the rest of the chain link fence.

**710.04 Fence Posts and Bollards.**

**(a) Wood.** Conform to AASHTO M 168.

Peel all bark, except for red cedar posts and bracing, which do not
require peeling. Trim all knots flush with the surface and season the
wood.

For dimension lumber for fences, bollards, or gates, use timber that is
sound, straight, and reasonably free from knots, splits, and shakes.
Provide S4S finish.

**(b) Concrete.** Conform to Section 601.

**(c) Steel.** For line fence posts, conform to AASHTO M 281. For chain
link fence, conform to AASHTO M 181.

**710.05 Fence Gates.** For frame gates used with chain link fences,
conform to AASHTO M 181. Use the same chain link fabric in the gate and
the fence.

**710.06 Metal Beam Rail.** Conform to AASHTO‑AGC‑ARTBA *A Guide to
Standardized Highway Barrier Hardware*.

**(a) Galvanized steel rail.** Furnish W-beam or thrie beam rail
elements fabricated from corrugated sheet steel conforming to AASHTO M
180 for the designated shape, class, type, and mass of coating
specified.

**(b) Corrosion resistant steel rail.** Furnish W-beam or thrie beam
rail elements and associated weathering steel hardware conforming to the
following:

**(1)** Shapes and plates ASTM A 242

**(2)** Rail elements AASHTO M 180

**(3)** Fasteners AASHTO M 180

**710.07 Box Beam Rail.** Furnish steel box beam rail elements
conforming to the AASHTO‑AGC‑ARTBA *A Guide to Standardized Highway
Barrier Hardware*.

**710.08 Steel-Backed Timber Rail.** Furnish timber conforming to AASHTO
M 168. Fabricate the timber rail, blockouts, and posts from dry, well
seasoned, and dressed rough sawn Douglas fir, southern pine, or other
species having a stress grade of at least 10 megapascals. Treat the
timber rail, blockout elements, and posts according to AASHTO M 133.

Fabricate the steel backing elements from 9.5-millimeter structural
steel conforming to ASTM A 242. For fastener hardware, conform to ASTM A
242.

**710.09 Guardrail Posts.** Conform to AASHTO-AGC-ARTBA *A Guide to
Standardized Highway Barrier Hardware*.

Do not use a wood guardrail post that has a through check, shake, or end
slit in the same plane as, or a plane parallel to the bolt hole and
extending from the top of the post to within 75 millimeters or the bolt
hole.

For steel-backed timber rail posts, furnish 250 by 300-millimeter posts
conforming to Subsection 710.08.

**710.10 Guardrail Hardware.** Conform to the AASHTO‑AGC-ARTBA *A Guide
to Standardized Highway Barrier Hardware*.

For angles, channels, wide flanges, and plates not contained in the
above standard, conform to ASTM A 36M. For structural tubing for short
steel posts, conform to ASTM A 500 or ASTM A 513, grade 1008. Galvanize
soil plates and structural tubing according to AASHTO M 111M. Do not
punch, drill, cut, or weld the metal after galvanizing.

Manufacture reflector tabs from 4-millimeter aluminum or galvanized
steel sheets. Use an adhesive that resists peeling with a force of 0.89
kilograms per centimeter of width. Use mildew-resistant adhesive that
has no staining effect on retroreflective sheeting.

**710.11 Temporary Plastic Fence.** Furnish plastic noncorrosive fence
fabricated from polyethylene (HDPE) and UV stabilized for outdoor
weathering. Conform to the following:

**(a)** Height 1200 mm min.

**(b)** Mesh openings 80 to 85 mm

**(c)** Color International orange

**(d)** Mass 0.25 kg/m min.

## Section 711. --- CONCRETE CURING MATERIAL AND ADMIXTURES

**711.01 Curing Material.** Conform to the following:

**(a)** Burlap cloth AASHTO M 182

**(b)** Waterproof paper AASHTO M 171

**(c)** Polyethylene film AASHTO M 171

**(d)** Liquid membrane forming compounds AASHTO M 148, type 1-D or 2

**711.02 Air‑Entraining Admixtures.** Conform to AASHTO M 154.

**711.03 Chemical Admixtures.** Furnish water‑reducing, retarding,
set‑accelerating, and hydration stabilizing admixtures, or combinations
thereof, conforming to AASHTO M 194. For hydration stabilizing
admixtures, conform to AASHTO M 194, type B or D.

**711.04 Latex Modifier.** Furnish a homogeneous, nontoxic, film forming
polymeric emulsion with stabilizers added at the point of manufacture.
Conform to the following:

**(a)** Color white

**(b)** Styrene butadiene polymer type 68±4% styrene

> 32±4% butadiene

**(c)** Chlorides 0%

**(d)** Polymer particle size 0.15 to 0.25 µm avg.

**(e)** Emulsion stabilizers anionic and non-ionic surfactant

**(f)** Solids 46.5 to 49.0%

**(g)** Mass 1.00 to 1.02 kg/L

**(h)** pH 9 to 13

**(i)** Shelf life 2 years min.

**711.05 Concrete Coloring Agents.** Conform to ASTM C 979. Use only
coloring agents composed of synthetic or natural inorganic iron oxides.

## Section 712. --- JOINT MATERIAL

**712.01 Sealants, Fillers, Seals, and Sleeves.** Conform to the
following:

**(a) Joint sealants and crack fillers.** Furnish a commercial
certification identifying the batch and lot number, material, quantity
of batch, date and time of manufacture, and the name and address of the
manufacturer.

**(1)** Concrete joint-sealer, AASHTO M 173

hot-poured elastic type

**(2)** Joint sealants, hot-poured, ASHTO M 301

for rigid and asphalt pavement

**(3)** Crack filler, hot applied, for asphalt ASTM D 5078

concrete and rigid pavements

**(4)** For proprietary asphalt-rubber products, furnish the following:

*(a)* Source and grade of asphalt binder;

*(b)* Total granulated rubber content and mass, as percent of the
asphalt-rubber mixture;

*(c)* Granulated rubber type(s) and content of each type (if blend);

*(1)* Mass as a percent of combined rubber; and

*(2)* Gradation of granulated rubber.

*(d)* Type of asphalt modifier, if any;

*(e)* Quantity of asphalt modifier and mass as a percent of asphalt
binder;

*(f)* Other additives;

*(g)* Heating and application temperatures; and

*(h)* Manufacturer\'s recommended application procedures.

**(5)** Multi-component joint sealant, conforming to TT-S-00227E, type
I, class A or ASTM C 920, type M, grade P, class 25, use T. Provide
sealant matching the color of the adjacent sidewalk. Conform to the
sealant manufacturer's recommendations for use of primers.

**(6)** Flexible cellular joint filler ASTM D 1056, type 2, grade 4 or 5

**(b) Preformed expansion joint fillers.** Furnish in a single piece for
the depth and width required for the joint.

**(1)** Preformed expansion joint filler AASHTO M 33

for concrete (bituminous type)

**(2)** Preformed sponge rubber expansion AASHTO M 153

joint fillers for concrete paving and structural

construction

**(3)** Preformed cork expansion joint AASHTO M 153

fillers for concrete paving and structural

construction^(1)^

**(4)** Preformed expansion joint fillers AASHTO M 213

for concrete paving and structural

construction (nonextruding and

resilient bituminous types)

**Note:** (1) Do not use in major concrete structures.

**(c) Preformed joint seals and sleeves.**

**(1) Paving applications.** Conform to AASHTO M 220. Use a lubricant
conforming to ASTM D 2835, which was manufactured within 9 months of
use.

**(2) Circular concrete sewer and culvert pipes using rubber gaskets.**
Furnish oil resistant gaskets conforming to AASHTO M 315M and the
following:

*(a)* Minimum thickness Recommendation of

> drainage element manufacturer

*(b)* Tear resistance, N/mm, ASTM D 624 (die B)

*(1)* Ethylene propylene dimonomer 40 N/mm min.

(EPDM)

*(2)* Neoprene 20 N/mm min.

**(3) Resilient connectors between reinforced concrete manhole
structures and pipes.** Conform to ASTM C 923M.

**(4) Preformed flexible joint sealants for concrete pipe, manholes, and
precast box sections.** Conform to ASTM C 990M.

**(d) Foam filler.** Furnish an expanded polystyrene filler having a
compressive strength of not less than 70 kilopascals.

**(e) Silicone joint sealer.** Conform to ASTM D 5893, type NS.

**(f) Low-modulus silicone joint sealant.** Conform to ASTM D 5893, type
SL.

**(g) Backer rod.** Conform to ASTM D 5249, type 1. Use a compatible
sealant as recommended by the rod manufacture. For size of backer rod,
conform to Table 712‑2.

**712.02 Joint Mortar.** Conform to Subsection 712.05. Use the mortar
within 30 minutes after mixing.

**712.03 Watertight Gaskets.** For ring gaskets for rigid pipe, conform
to AASHTO M 198. For ring gaskets for flexible metal pipe, conform to
ASTM C 361M. For continuous flat gaskets for flexible metal pipe with
flat bands or bands with projections, conform to ASTM D 1056, grade SCE
41 and use a gasket with a thickness 13 millimeters greater than the
nominal depth of the pipe corrugations. For continuous flat gaskets for
flexible metal pipe with corrugated bands, conform to ASTM D 1056, grade
SCE 43 and use a 9-millimeter thick gasket.

Table 712‑2

Backer Rod Sizes

  ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------
  **Joint Width After Preparation**        **Rod Diameter**

  8 mm                                     9 mm

  9 mm                                     13 mm

  13 mm                                    16 mm

  16 mm                                    19 mm

  19 mm                                    25 mm

  25 mm                                    32 mm

  32 mm                                    38 mm

  38 mm                                    50 mm
  ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------

**712.04 Reserved.**

**712.05 Mortar for Masonry Beds and Joints.**

**(a) Type I mortar.** Furnish and proportion masonry mortar according
to ASTM C 270 proportion specifications. Mortar may be preblended or
mixed on site. Use only masonry cement mortar type M or S.

**(b) Type II mortar.** Furnish mortar and material for use in mortar
conforming to the following:

**(1)** Cement

*(a) Portland Cement* Subsection 701.01(a), type I, IA,

> II, IIA, III, or IIIA

*(b) Blended hydraulic cement* Subsection 701.01 (b), type IS,

> IS-A, IP, IP-A, I(PM) or I(PM)-A

*(c) Masonry cement* Subsection 701.02

**(2)** Fine aggregate Subsection 703.01or

> AASHTO M 45

**(3)** Lime ASTM C 207, type S or SA.

> Type N or NA, if tests show it not to be detrimental to mortar
> soundness.

**(4)** Water Subsection 725.01

**(5)** Air entraining admixture Subsection 711.02

**(6)** Composition Conform to the proportions for

> one of the mixes in Table 712-3. Uniformly mix with water to a
> spreading consistency.

**(7)** Compressive strength 14 MPa, 28-day min.

> AASHTO T 106

Table 712-3

Mortar Proportions by Volume

  ------------ ------------ ------------- ----------- ---------- --------------- ---------
  **Mortar**   **Portland   **Hydraulic   **Masonry   **Lime**   **Aggregate**   **Air
               Cement**     Cement**      Cement**                               (%)\***

  Cement --    1            ---           ---         ¼ to ½     Not less than   8-12
  Lime                                                           2-1/4 and not   
                                                                 more than 3     
                                                                 times total     
                                                                 volume of       
                                                                 cementous       
                                                                 material        

  Masonry      ---          ---           1           ---                        8-12
  Cement                                                                         

  Hydraulic    ---          1             ---         ¼ to ½                     8-12
  Cement                                                                         
  ------------ ------------ ------------- ----------- ---------- --------------- ---------

**\*** When air is required, determine air content per ASTM C 91 except
use the same material and proportions used in construction.

## Section 713. --- ROADSIDE IMPROVEMENT MATERIAL

**713.01 Topsoil.**

**(a) Furnished topsoil.** Furnish fertile, friable, free draining,
sandy loam soil that is free of subsoil, refuse, stumps, roots, brush,
weeds, rocks larger than 25 millimeters, or other substances detrimental
to the development of vegetative growth. Demonstrate that the soil can
sustain healthy crops of grass, shrubs, or other plant growth. Conform
to the following:

**(1)** Texture

*(a)* Organic matter, AASHTO T 267 3 to 10%

*(b)* Sand, AASHTO T 88 20 to 70%

*(c)* Silt, AASHTO T 88 10 to 60%

*(d)* Clay, AASHTO T 88 5 to 30%

**(2)** pH, AASHTO T 289 6 to 8

**(b) Conserved topsoil.** See Subsection 204.02(c).

**713.02 Agricultural Limestone.** Furnish calcic or dolomitic ground
limestone conforming to the standards of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists International, applicable State and Federal
regulations, and the following:

**(a)** Purity (calcium and magnesium) carbonates 75% min.

**(b)** Gradation Table 713-1

Table 713-1

Agricultural Limestone Gradation

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Sieve Size**            | **Minimum Percent by Mass**              |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | **Passing Designated Sieve**             |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | **(AASHTO T 27)**                        |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 2.00 mm                   | 90                                       |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 425 µm                    | 50                                       |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

Granulated slag or other approved natural sources of lime may be used
provided the application rate is adjusted to equal the total
neutralizing power of the specified ground limestone.

**713.03 Fertilizer.** Furnish standard commercial grade dry formulated
fertilizer conforming to the standards of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists International, applicable State and Federal
regulations, and required minimum percentages of available nutrients.

Supply the fertilizer in new, clean, sealed, and properly labeled
containers with name, mass, and guaranteed analysis of contents clearly
marked.

Liquid fertilizer containing the minimum percentage of available
nutrients may be used.

**713.04 Seed.** Conform to the Federal Seed Act, the Federal Noxious
Weed Act, and applicable State and local seed and noxious weed laws. Do
not use wet, moldy, or otherwise contaminated or damaged seed. Furnish
each seed type in separate sealed container. Clearly label each
container with the following:

**(a)** Name and type of seed;

**(b)** Lot number;

**(c)** Net mass;

**(d)** Percent of purity, germination, and hard seed;

**(e)** Percent of maximum weed seed content;

**(f)** Seed Origin;

**(g)** Noxious weeds present;

**(h)** Other crop seed;

**(i)** Inert matter;

**(j)** Name and address of seed distributor; and

**(k)** Mixture percent of each component.

Inoculate legume seed with approved cultures according to the
manufacturer\'s instructions.

**713.05 Mulch.**

**(a) Straw.** Furnish certified weed free straw from oats, wheat, rye,
or other grain crops that is free from mold or other objectionable
material. Furnish straw in an air‑dry condition suitable for placing
with mulch blower equipment.

**(b) Wood fiber.** Furnish processed wood fiber from wood chips
conforming to the following:

**(1)** Colored with a green dye noninjurious to plant growth;

**(2)** Readily dispersible in water;

**(3)** Nontoxic to seed or other plant material;

**(4)** Free of growth or germination inhibiting substances;

**(5)** Free of weed seed;

**(6)** Air dried to an equilibrium moisture content of 12±3 percent;

**(7)** Packaged in new labeled containers; and

**(8)** Packaged in a condition appropriate for mixing in a homogeneous
slurry suitable for application with power spray equipment

**(c) Grass straw cellulose fiber.** Furnish processed grass straw fiber
conforming to the following:

**(1)** Colored with a green dye noninjurious to plant growth;

**(2)** Readily dispersible in water;

**(3)** Nontoxic to seed or other plant material;

**(4)** Free of growth or germination inhibiting substances;

**(5)** Free of weed seed;

**(6)** Air dried to a moisture content of 10±0.2 percent;

**(7)** Air dried to a uniform mass of ±5 percent;

**(8)** Packaged in new containers labeled with the manufacturer\'s name
and air-dry mass; and

**(9)** Packaged in a condition appropriate for mixing in a homogeneous
slurry suitable for application with power spray equipment.

**(d) Peat moss.** Furnish a granulated sphagnum peat moss conforming to
the following:

**(1)** Sticks, stones, and mineral matter 0%

**(2)** Partially decomposed stems 75% min.

and leaves of sphagnum

**(3)** Color brown

**(4)** Textured from porous fibrous to spongy fibrous

**(5)** pH 3.5 to 7.5

**(6)** Air-dried

**(e) Mature compost.** Furnish partially decomposed organic material,
such as leaves, grass, shrubs, and yard trimmings, cured for 4 to 8
weeks. Maturity is indicated by temperature stability and soil-like
odor. Furnish friable, dark brown, weed-free, and pathogen-free mature
compost conforming to the following:

**(1)** Carbon/nitrogen ratio 25/1 to 35/1

**(2)** Carbon/phosphorus ratio 120/1 to 240/1

**(3)** pH 6.0 to 7.8

**(4)** Water content 40% max.

**(5)** Particle size

> *(a)* *Seeding and sodding* 12 mm max.
>
> *(b)* *Erosion control* 25 mm max.

**(6)** Organic material 50% min.

**(7)** Man-made inserts (plastic, glass, metal) 2% max.

**(f) Straw for hydroseeding.** Furnish clean agricultural straw milled
to 25 millimeters or less in length. Dry the fibers to 10 percent
moisture for compaction. Bale in heat-sealed plastic bags.

**(g) Bonded fiber matrix hydromulch.** Furnish a mixture of long-wood
fibers and bonding agent which, when hydraulically applied and dried,
produce a matrix conforming to the following:

**(1)** Does not dissolve or disperse when wetted;

**(2)** Holds at least 1000 grams of water per 100 grams of dry matrix;

**(3)** Has no germination or growth inhibiting factors;

**(4)** Forms no water insensitive crust;

**(5)** Contains material that is 100 percent biodegradable; and

**(6)** Is colored with a green dye noninjurious to plant growth.

**(h) Recycled pulp fiber.** Furnish cellulose fiber mulch products
manufactured from natural material diverted from the waste-stream of
manufacturing processes or produced from recycled material. These
include newsprint, chipboard, corrugated cardboard, wood chips, and
similar material. Process the material to eliminate substances that
inhibit seed germination and plant growth. Add a colored dye that is
non-injurious to plant growth and fades rapidly with exposure to light.
The fiber shall readily blend with water, grass seed, fertilizer, and
other additives to for a slurry suitable for application with power
spray equipment. Furnish a homogeneous mixture conforming to the
following:

**(1)** Synthetic, plastic, metal, or glass material 0%

**(2)** Weed Seed 0%

**(3)** Moisture content 15% max.

**(4)** Ash content 7% max.

**(5)** Organic matter 90 min.

**(6)** Boron 250 ppm max.

**(7)** Water-holding capacity 800 to 1200% by mass

**(8)** pH 4.0 to 8.5

**713.06 Plant Material.** Conform to the *American Standard for Nursery
Stock.*

**(a) Quality of plant material.** Furnish plants that are excellent
representatives of their normal species or varieties. Furnish nursery
grown stock that has been transplanted or root‑trimmed two or more times
according to the kind and size of plant. Furnish plants with a normally
developed branch system. Do not furnish plants with disfiguring knots,
sun-scald, injuries, abrasions of the bark, dead or dry wood, broken
terminal growth, or other objectionable disfigurements.

Furnish trees with reasonably straight stems and well branched and
symmetrical branches according to their natural habits of growth.

**(b) Plant names.** For scientific and common plant names, conform to
*Standardized Plant Names* as adopted by the American Joint Committee on
Horticultural Nomenclature. Legibly tag and identify all plants by name
and size.

**(c) Grading standards.** Conform to *American Standard for Nursery
Stock* as approved by ANSI.

**(d) Nursery inspection and plant quarantine.** Furnish plants that are
essentially free from plant diseases and insect pests.

Comply with all nursery inspection and plant quarantine regulations of
the states of origin and destination including Federal regulations
governing interstate movement of nursery stock. Provide a valid copy of
the certificate of inspection with each package, box, bale, or carload
shipped or otherwise delivered.

**(e) Balled and burlapped (B&B) plants.** Furnish plants from the
original and undisturbed soil in which the plants were grown. Dig B&B
plants to retain as many fibrous roots as possible. Wrap, transport, and
handle the plants so the soil ball and small and fibrous roots remain
intact.

**713.07 Cellular Confinement Systems.** Furnish a flexible honeycomb
3-dimensional structure fabricated from light stabilized polyethylene
plastic. Conform to the following:

**(a)** Functional longevity 120 months min.

**(b)** Cell area 200 to 300 cm^2^

**(c)** Sheet thickness, ASTM D 751 1.24 to 1.26 mm

**(d)** Density, ASTM D 792 0.941 to 0.960 g/cm^3^

**(e)** Carbon black content, ASTM D 1603 1.5 to 2.5 %

**(f)** Environmental stress crack resistance, 2000 hours min.

ASTM D 1693

**(g)** Conform to Table 713-2 for the depth specified.

Table 713-2

Cellular Confinement Systems

  --------------- -------------------- --------- ----------- ----------- ------------
  **Property**    **Specifications**                                     

  Nominal cell    50 mm                75 mm     100 mm      150 mm      200 mm
  depth                                                                  

  Cell joint      500 N min.           700 N     1000 N min. 1400 N min. 2000 N min.
  strength                             min.                              
  --------------- -------------------- --------- ----------- ----------- ------------

**713.08 Miscellaneous Planting Material.**

**(a) Stakes for bracing and anchoring.** Conform to the *American
Lumber Standards*. Fabricate stakes for bracing and anchoring trees from
rough cypress, cedar, locust, or other approved wood essentially free
from knots, rot, crossgrain, or other defects that would impair the
strength of the stake. Furnish stakes with a minimum 50 by 50‑millimeter
square cross-section and adequate length.

Furnish anchor stakes of the same size and quality as bracing stakes.
The diameter and length of the deadman is specified in the contract.

**(b) Hose.** Furnish 25-millimeter diameter garden or steam hose
(rubber and fabric) to be used with wire for bracing and anchoring
trees.

**(c) Wire.** Furnish 3.8-millimeter diameter soft annealed galvanized
steel wire for bracing and anchoring trees.

**(d) Wrapping material.** Furnish 100-millimeter wide rolls of
waterproof paper (triple lamination 30‑30‑30) or 150-millimeter wide
rolls of burlap for wrapping trees.

**(e) Twine.** Furnish 2-ply twine for trees 75 millimeters and less in
diameter and 3-ply twine for trees over 75 millimeters in diameter for
tying wrapping material to the trees.

**(f) Antidesiccant.** If approved, furnish a commercially available
antidesiccant emulsion to provide a film over plant surfaces that is
permeable enough to permit transpiration.

**(g) Tree wound dressing.** Furnish a commercially available product
with asphalt base and fungicide. Furnish material that is antiseptic,
waterproof, adhesive, and elastic. Do not use material that is harmful
to living tree tissue such as kerosene, coal tar, or creosote.

**713.09 Reserved.**

**713.10 Sod.** Furnish living vigorous sod of the type of grass and
thickness specified in the contract. Furnish sod with a dense root
system that is reasonably free from noxious weeds and grasses. Before
taking up the sod, cut the top growth to less than 75-millimeter height.

**713.11 Pegs for Sod.** Furnish square or round pegs of sound wood and
conform to the following:

**(a)** Length 200 mm min.

**(b)** Approximate cross-sectional area 600 mm^2^

**713.12 Stabilizing Emulsion Tackifiers.** Furnish a commercially
available product containing no solvents or other diluting agents toxic
to plant life. Conform to one of the following:

**(a)** Emulsified asphalt grades SS-1, SS-1h, CSS-1, or CSS-1h;

**(b)** Nonasphalt emulsions having a water soluble natural vegetable
gum, blended with gelling and hardening agents or a water soluble blend
of hydrophilic polymers, viscosifiers, sticking agents, and gums; and

**(c)** Polyvinyl acetate using emulsion resins and containing 60±1
percent total solids by mass.

**713.13 Erosion Control Bales, Wattles, Logs, and Rolls.**

**(a) Straw bales.** Furnish bales tied with either commercial quality
baling wire or string. Conform to the following:

**(1)** Straw Subsection 713.05(a)

**(2)** Approximate length 1 meter

**(3)** Shape rectangular

**(4)** Approximate mass 30 kilograms

**(b) Wood excelsior bales.** Furnish bales of curled wood excelsior.
Tie the bales with either a commercial bailing wire, plastic, or string.
Conform to the following:

**(1)** Approximate dimensions 400 by 450 by 900 mm

**(2)** Approximate mass 33 kilograms

**(c) Excelsior fiber wattles, logs or rolls.** Furnish wattles, logs,
or rolls of curled excelsior fiber rolled into a cylindrical shape and
encased in a seamless photodegradable tubular netting. Conform to the
following:

**(1)** Diameter 300 mm min.

**(2)** Mass 1.36 kg/300 mm min.

**(d) Straw wattles, logs or rolls.** Furnish straw wattles that are
manufactured from weed free straw and wrapped in a tubular
photodegradable plastic netting made from 85% high density polyethylene,
14% ethyl vinyl acetate and 1% color for UV inhibition. Conform to the
following:

**(1)** Diameter 230 mm min.

**(2)** Netting strand thickness 0.75 mm

**(3)** Netting knot thickness 1.4 mm

**(4)** Mass of netting 29.3 to 35.8 g/m

**713.14 Sandbags.** Use clean, silt free material for sand filler.
Conform to the following:

**(a)** Bag material canvas or burlap

**(b)** Volume per bag 0.01 cubic meter min.

**713.15 Erosion Control Culvert Pipe.** Furnish culvert pipe fabricated
from corrugated metal, plastic, or concrete for use in diverting live
streams through work areas. Provide for AASHTO loading M18 on temporary
culvert pipe placed beneath the traveled way.

**713.16 Silt Fence.** Conform to AASHTO M 288.

**713.17 Temporary Rolled Erosion Control Products.** Furnish temporary
rolled erosion control products conforming to Table 713-3 and the
following. See the Erosion Control Technology Council website (ECTC.org)
for commercially available products that may conform to these
specifications.

**(a) Type 1.A, ultra-short term mulch control netting.** Furnish a
mulch control netting consisting of rapidly degrading photodegradable
synthetic mesh or woven biodegradable natural fiber netting with a
3-month typical functional longevity designed for use on geotechnically
stable slopes with gradients up to 1:5 and channels with shear stresses
up to 12 pascals.

**(b) Type 1.B, ultra-short term netless erosion control blanket.**
Furnish an erosion control blanket composed of processed rapidly
degrading natural or polymer fibers mechanically interlocked or
chemically adhered together to form a continuous matrix with a 3-month
typical functional longevity designed for use on geotechnically stable
slopes with gradients up to 1:4 and channels with shear stresses up to
24 pascals.

**(c) Type 1.C, ultra-short term single-net erosion control blanket and
open weave textile.** Furnish one of the following materials: (1) an
erosion control blanket composed of processed degradable natural or
polymer fibers mechanically-bound together by a single rapidly
degrading, synthetic or natural fiber netting to form a continuous
matrix or (2) an open weave textile composed of processed rapidly
degrading natural or polymer yarns or twines woven into a continuous
matrix. The material must have a 3-month typical functional longevity
and be designed for use on geotechnically stable slopes with gradients
up to 1:3 and channels with shear stresses up to 72 pascals.

**(d) Type 1.D, ultra-short term double-net erosion control blankets.**
Furnish an erosion control blanket composed of processed natural or
polymer fibers mechanically-bound between two rapidly degrading,
synthetic or natural fiber nettings to form a continuous matrix, with a
3-month typical functional longevity designed for use on geotechnically
stable slopes with gradients up to 1:2 and channels with shear stresses
up to 84 pascals.

**(e) Type 2.A, short-term mulch control netting.** Furnish a mulch
control netting consisting of photodegradable synthetic mesh or woven
biodegradable natural fiber netting with a 12-month typical functional
longevity designed for use on geotechnically stable slopes up to 1:5 and
channels with shear stresses up to 12 pascals.

**(f) Type 2.B, short-term netless erosion control blanket.** Furnish an
erosion control blanket composed of processed degradable natural or
polymer fibers mechanically-interlocked or chemically-adhered together
to form a continuous matrix with a 12‑month typical functional longevity
designed for use on geotechnically stable slopes with gradients up to
1:4 and channels with shear stresses up to 24 pascals.

**(g) Type 2.C, short-term single-net erosion control blanket or open
weave textile.** Furnish one of the following materials: (1) an erosion
control blanket composed of processed degradable natural or polymer
fibers mechanically-bound together by a single degradable synthetic or
natural fiber netting to form a continuous matrix; or (2) an open weave
textile composed of processed degradable natural or polymer yarns or
twines woven into a continuous matrix. The material must have a 12-month
typical functional longevity and be designed for use on geotechnically
stable slopes with gradients up to 1:3 and channels with shear stresses
up to 72 pascals.

**(h) Type 2.D, short-term double-net erosion control blankets.**
Furnish an erosion control blanket composed of processed natural or
polymer fibers mechanically bound between two natural fiber or synthetic
nettings to form a continuous matrix with a 12‑month typical functional
longevity designed for use on geotechnically stable slopes with
gradients up to 1:2 and channels with shear stresses up to 84 pascals.

**(i) Type 3.A, extended term mulch control netting.** Furnish a mulch
control netting consisting of a slow degrading synthetic mesh or woven
natural fiber netting with a 24-month typical functional longevity
designed for use on geotechnically stable slopes with gradients up to
1:5 and channels with shear stresses up to 12 pascals.

**(j) Type 3.B, extended term erosion control blanket or open weave
textile.** Furnish one of the following materials: (1) an erosion
control blanket composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer
fibers mechanically-bound together between two slow degrading synthetic
or natural fiber nettings to form a continuous matrix; or (2) an open
weave textile composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer
yarns or twines woven into a continuous matrix. The material must have a
24-month typical functional longevity and be designed for use on
geotechnically stable slopes with gradients up to 1:1.5 and channels
with shear stresses up to 96 pascals.

**(k) Type 4, long-term erosion control blanket or open weave textile.**
Furnish one of the following materials: (1) an erosion control blanket
composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer fibers
mechanically-bound together between two slow degrading synthetic or
natural fiber nettings to form a continuous matrix; or (2) an open weave
textile composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer yarns or
twines woven into a continuous matrix. The material must have a 36-month
typical functional longevity and be designed for use on geotechnically
stable slopes with gradients up to 1:1 and channels with shear stresses
up to 108 pascals.

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="13"><p>Table 713-3</p>
<p>Temporary Rolled Erosion Control Products</p></td>
<td rowspan="13"><strong>Rolled Erosion Control Product
Type</strong></td>
<td><strong>Test Method</strong></td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>ASTM D 4595</td>
<td>ASTM D6459 or other qualified independent test<sup>(7)</sup></td>
<td>ASTM D6460 or other qualified independent test<sup>(7)</sup></td>
<td rowspan="13">(1) Obtain max “C” factor and allowable shear stress
for mulch control nettings with the netting used in conjunction with
pre-applied mulch material.</td>
<td rowspan="13">(2) Functional longevities are for guidance only.
Actual functional longevities may vary based on site and climatic
conditions.</td>
<td rowspan="13">(3) Minimum average roll values, machine
direction.</td>
<td rowspan="13">(4) “C” factor calculated as ratio of soil loss from
rolled erosion control product protected slope (tested at specified or
greater gradient, v:h) to ratio of soil loss from unprotected (control)
plot in large-scale testing. These performance test values should be
supported by periodic bench scale testing under similar test conditions
and failure criteria using Erosion Control Technology Council (ECTC)
Test Method #2).</td>
<td rowspan="13">(5) Minimum shear stress the rolled erosion control
product (unvegetated) can sustain without physical damage or excess
erosion (&gt; 12.7-millimeter soil loss) during a 30-minute flow event
in large-scale testing. These performance test values should be
supported by periodic bench scale testing under similar test conditions
and failure criteria using ECTC Test Method #3.</td>
<td rowspan="13">(6) The permissible shear stress levels established for
each performance category are based on historical experience with
products characterized by Manning’s roughness coefficients in the range
of 0.01 to 0.05.</td>
<td rowspan="13">(7) Other large scale test methods determined
acceptable by the CO.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>4</strong></td>
<td>36</td>
<td>1.82</td>
<td><p>0.25</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:1</p></td>
<td>108</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>3.B</strong></td>
<td>24</td>
<td>1.45</td>
<td><p>0.25</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:1.5</p></td>
<td>96</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>3.A <sup>(1)</sup></strong></td>
<td>24</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td><p>0.10</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:5</p></td>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>2.D</strong></td>
<td>12</td>
<td>1.09</td>
<td><p>0.20</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:2</p></td>
<td>84</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>2.C</strong></td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0.73</td>
<td><p>0.15</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:3</p></td>
<td>72</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>2.B</strong></td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0.73</td>
<td><p>0.10</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:4</p></td>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>2.A <sup>(1)</sup></strong></td>
<td>12</td>
<td>0.073</td>
<td><p>0.10</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:5</p></td>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>1.D</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1.09</td>
<td><p>0.20</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:2</p></td>
<td>84</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>1.C</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0.73</td>
<td><p>0.15</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:3</p></td>
<td>72</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>1.B</strong></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0.073</td>
<td><p>0.10</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:4</p></td>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>1.A<sup>(1)</sup></strong></td>
<td>3</td>
<td>0.073</td>
<td><p>0.10</p>
<p>at</p>
<p>1:5</p></td>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Property</strong></td>
<td>Typical functional longevity<sup>(2)</sup> (months)</td>
<td>Minimum tensile strength<sup>(3)</sup> (kN/m)</td>
<td>Maximum “C” factor<sup>(4)</sup></td>
<td>Minimum permissible shear stress<sup>(5)(6)</sup> (Pa)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

**713.18 Permanent Rolled Erosion Control Products.** Furnish permanent
turf reinforcement mats conforming to Table 713-4 and the following. See
the Erosion Control Technology Council website (ECTC.org) for
commercially available products that may conform to these
specifications.

**(a) Type 5.A, permanent turf reinforcement mat.** Furnish a
non-degradable turf reinforcement mat with sufficient thickness,
strength and void space for permanent erosion protection and vegetation
reinforcement on geotechnically stable slopes with gradients up to 2:1,
channels with design shear stresses up to 288 pascals, and other areas
where design flow conditions exceed the limits of natural vegetation.

**(b) Type 5.B, permanent turf reinforcement mat.** Furnish a
non-degradable turf reinforcement mat with sufficient thickness,
strength and void space for permanent erosion protection and vegetation
reinforcement on geotechnically stable slopes with gradients up to 2:1,
channels with design shear stresses up to 384 pascals, and other areas
where design flow conditions exceed the limits of natural vegetation.

(c) **Type 5.C, permanent turf reinforcement mat.** Furnish a
    non-degradable turf reinforcement mat with sufficient thickness,
    strength and void space for permanent erosion protection and void
    space for permanent erosion protection and vegetation reinforcement
    on geotechnically stable slopes up to 2:1, channels with design
    shear stresses up to 480 pascals, and other areas where design flow
    conditions exceed the limits of natural vegetation.

Table 713-4

Permanent Turf Reinforcement Mats

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 37%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 35%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3"><strong>Properties<sup>(1)</sup></strong></td>
<td colspan="7"><strong>Rolled Erosion Control Product
Type</strong></td>
<td><strong>Test Method</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>5.A</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>5.B</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"><strong>5.C</strong></td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Minimum tensile strength<sup>(2)(3)</sup> (kilonewtons per
meter)</td>
<td colspan="3">1.82</td>
<td colspan="2">2.19</td>
<td colspan="2">2.55</td>
<td colspan="3">ASTM D4595</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>UV stability (minimum % tensile retention)</td>
<td colspan="3">80</td>
<td colspan="2">80</td>
<td colspan="2">80</td>
<td colspan="3"><p>ASTM D 4355</p>
<p>(500-hour exposure)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>Minimum thickness<sup>(2)</sup></p>
<p>(millimeters)</p></td>
<td colspan="3">6.35</td>
<td colspan="2">6.35</td>
<td colspan="2">6.35</td>
<td colspan="3">ASTM D 6525</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Minimum permissible shear stress<sup>(4)</sup> (pascals)</td>
<td colspan="3">288</td>
<td colspan="2">384</td>
<td colspan="2">480</td>
<td colspan="3">ASTM D 6460 or other qualified independent
test<sup>(5)</sup></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

\(1\) For turf reinforcement mats containing degradable components,
obtain all property values on the non-degradable portion of the matting
alone.

\(2\) Minimum average roll values, machine direction only.

\(3\) Field conditions with high loading and high survivability
requirements may warrant the use of turf reinforcement mats with tensile
strengths of 44 kilonewtons per meter or greater.

\(4\) Minimum shear stress the turf reinforcement mat (fully vegetated)
can sustain without physical damage or excess erosion (\>12.7-millimeter
soil loss) during a 30‑minute flow event in large-scale testing. These
performance test values should be supported by periodic bench scale
testing under similar test conditions and failure criteria using Erosion
Control Technology Council Test Method #3.

\(5\) Other large-scale test methods determined acceptable by the CO.

## Section 714. --- GEOTEXTILE AND GEOCOMPOSITE DRAIN MATERIAL

**714.01 Geotextile.** Use long-chain, synthetic polymers, composed at
least 95 percent by mass of polyolefins or polyesters, to manufacture
geotextile or the threads used to sew geotextile. Form the geotextile,
including selvedges, into a stable network such that the filaments or
yarns retain their dimensional stability relative to each other.

**(a) Physical requirements.** Conform to the following tables for the
type of geotextile specified:

**(1) Type I (A - F)** Subsurface drainage Table 714-1

**(2) Type II (A - C)** Separation Table 714-2

**(3) Type III (A - B)** Stabilization geotextile Table 714-3

**(4) Type IV (A - F)** Permanent erosion control Table 714-4

**(5) Type V (A - C)** Temporary silt fence Table 714-5

**(6) Type VI** Paving fabric Table 714-6

All property values, with the exception of apparent opening size (AOS),
in these specifications represent minimum average roll values in the
weakest principal direction (i.e., average test results of any roll in a
lot sampled for conformance or quality assurance testing shall meet or
exceed the specified values). Values for AOS represent maximum average
roll values.

Elevate and protect rolls with a waterproof cover if stored outdoors.
When using a geotextile for a permanent installation, limit the
geotextile exposure to ultraviolet radiation to less than 10 days.

**(b) Evaluation procedures.** Geotextile will be evaluated under
Subsection 106.03. Furnish a commercial certification including the name
of the manufacturer, product name, style number, chemical composition of
the filaments or yarns, and other pertinent information to fully
describe the geotextile.

When samples are required, remove a 1-meter long, full-width sample from
beyond the first outer wrap of the roll. Label the sample with the lot
and batch number, date of sampling, project number, item number,
manufacturer, and product name.

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><p>Table 714-1</p>
<p>Physical Requirements for Subsurface Drainage Geotextile</p></td>
<td rowspan="6"><strong>Specifications <sup>(1)</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>Type I-F</strong></td>
<td>800/500</td>
<td>720/450</td>
<td>300/175</td>
<td>300/175</td>
<td>2100/950</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.22 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
<td rowspan="6"><blockquote>
<p>50 % after 500 hours of exposure</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td rowspan="9">(1) The first values in a column apply to geotextiles
that break at &lt; 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632). The second
values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at ≥ 50 elongation
(ASTM D 4632).</td>
<td rowspan="9">(2) Maximum average roll value.</td>
<td rowspan="9">(3) The minimum average roll tear strength for woven
monofilament geotextile is 245 N.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type I-E</strong></td>
<td>800/500</td>
<td>720/450</td>
<td>300/175</td>
<td>300/175</td>
<td>2100/950</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.25 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Type I-D</strong></td>
<td>800/500</td>
<td>720/450</td>
<td>300/175</td>
<td>300/175</td>
<td>2100/950</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.43 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type I-C</strong></td>
<td>1100/700</td>
<td>990/630</td>
<td>400<sup>(3)</sup>/250</td>
<td>400/250</td>
<td>2750/1350</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.22 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Type I-B</strong></td>
<td>1100/700</td>
<td>990/630</td>
<td>400<sup>(3)</sup>/250</td>
<td>400/250</td>
<td>2750/1350</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.25 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type I-A</strong></td>
<td>1100/700</td>
<td>990/630</td>
<td>400<sup>(3)</sup>/250</td>
<td>400/250</td>
<td>2750/1350</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.43 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Units</strong></td>
<td>N</td>
<td>N</td>
<td>N</td>
<td>N</td>
<td>kPa</td>
<td>s<sup>-1</sup></td>
<td>mm</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Test Method ASTM</strong></td>
<td>D 4632</td>
<td>D 4362</td>
<td>D 4533</td>
<td>D 4833</td>
<td>D 3786</td>
<td>D 4491</td>
<td>D 4751</td>
<td>D 4355</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Property</strong></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Grab strength</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Sewn seam strength</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Tear strength</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Puncture strength</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Burst strength</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Permittivity</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Apparent opening size</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Ultraviolet stability</p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

In addition, when geotextile joints are sewn, submit the seam assembly
description and a sample of the sewn material. This description shall
include the seam type, seam allowance, stitch type, sewing thread tex
ticket number(s) and type(s), stitch density, and stitch gauge. If the
production seams are sewn in both the machine and cross-machine
directions, provide sample sewn seams that are oriented in both the
machine and cross-machine directions. Furnish a sewn sample that has at
least 2 meters of sewn seam and is at least 1.5 meters wide. Sew the
sample seams with the same equipment and procedures that are used to sew
the production seams. For seams sewn on-site, conform to the
manufacturer\'s recommendations. Obtain approval of the seam before
installation.

Table 714-2

Physical Requirements For Separation Geotextile

  -------------------- ---------- ----------- ------------------ -------------- ----------
  **Property**         **Test     **Units**   **Specifications                  
                       Method                 ^(1)^**                           
                       ASTM**                                                   

                                              **Type II-A**      **Type II-B**  **Type
                                                                                II-C**

  Grab strength        D 4632     N           1400/900           1100/700       800/500

  Sewn seam strength   D 4632     N           1260/810           990/630        720/450

  Tear strength        D 4533     N           500/350            400^(3)^/250   300/180

  Puncture strength    D 4833     N           500/350            400/250        300/180

  Burst strength       D 3786     kPa         3500/1700          2700/1300      2100/950

  Permittivity         D 4491     s^-1^       0.02               0.02           0.02

  Apparent opening     D 4751     mm          0.60 ^(2)^         0.60 ^(2)^     0.60 ^(2)^
  size                                                                          

  Ultraviolet          D 4355     \%          50% after 500                     
  stability                                   hours of exposure                 
  -------------------- ---------- ----------- ------------------ -------------- ----------

\(1\) The first values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at \<
50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632). The second values in a column apply
to geotextiles that break at ≥ 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

\(2\) Maximum average roll value.

\(3\) The minimum average tear strength for woven monofilament
geotextile is 245 N.

Table 714-3

Physical Requirements For Stabilization Geotextile

  ---------------------- ------ ---------- ----------- ------------------ --------------
  **Property**                  **Test     **Units**   **Specifications   
                                Method                 ^(1)^**            
                                ASTM**                                    

                                                       **Type III-A**     **Type III-B**

  Grab strength          D 4632            N           1400/900           1100/700

  Sewn seam strength     D 4632            N           1260/810           990/630

  Tear strength          D 4533            N           500/350            400^(3)^/250

  Puncture strength      D 4833            N           500/350            400/250

  Burst strength         D 3786            kPa         3500/1700          2700/1300

  Permittivity           D 4491            s^-1^       0.05               0.05

  Apparent opening size  D 4751            mm          0.43 ^(2)^         0.43 ^(2)^

  Ultraviolet stability  D 4355            \%          50% after 500      
                                                       hours of exposure  
  ---------------------- ------ ---------- ----------- ------------------ --------------

\(1\) The first values in a column apply to geotextiles that break at \<
50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632). The second values in a column apply
to geotextiles that break at ≥ 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

\(2\) Maximum average roll value.

\(3\) The minimum average tear strength for woven monofilament
geotextile is 245 N.

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><p>Table 714-4</p>
<p>Physical Requirements for Permanent Erosion Control
Geotextile</p></td>
<td rowspan="6"><strong>Specifications <sup>(1)</sup></strong></td>
<td><strong>Type IV-F</strong></td>
<td>1100/700</td>
<td>990/630</td>
<td>400<sup>(3)</sup>/250</td>
<td>400/250</td>
<td>2750/1350</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.22 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
<td rowspan="6">50 % after 500 hours of exposure</td>
<td rowspan="9">(1) The first values in a column apply to geotextiles
that break at &lt;50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632). The second values
in a column apply to geotextiles that break at ≥ 50 elongation (ASTM D
4632).</td>
<td rowspan="9">(2) Maximum average roll value.</td>
<td rowspan="9">(3) The minimum average roll tear strength for woven
monofilament geotextile is 245 N.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type IV-E</strong></td>
<td>1100/700</td>
<td>990/630</td>
<td>400<sup>(3)</sup>/250</td>
<td>400/250</td>
<td>2750/1350</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.25 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Type IV-D</strong></td>
<td>1100/700</td>
<td>990/630</td>
<td>400<sup>(3)</sup>/250</td>
<td>400/250</td>
<td>2750/1350</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.43 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type IV-C</strong></td>
<td>1400/900</td>
<td>1260/810</td>
<td>500/350</td>
<td>500/350</td>
<td>3500/1750</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.22 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Type IV-B</strong></td>
<td>1400/900</td>
<td>1260/810</td>
<td>500/350</td>
<td>500/350</td>
<td>3500/1750</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.25 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type IV-A</strong></td>
<td>1400/900</td>
<td>1260/810</td>
<td>500/350</td>
<td>500/350</td>
<td>3500/1750</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.43 <sup>(2)</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Units</strong></td>
<td>N</td>
<td>N</td>
<td>N</td>
<td>N</td>
<td>kPa</td>
<td>s<sup>-1</sup></td>
<td>mm</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Test Method ASTM</strong></td>
<td>D 4632</td>
<td>D 4632</td>
<td>D 4533</td>
<td>D 4833</td>
<td>D 3786</td>
<td>D 4491</td>
<td>D 4751</td>
<td>D 4355</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="2"><strong>Property</strong></td>
<td>Grab strength</td>
<td>Sewn seam strength</td>
<td>Tear strength</td>
<td>Puncture strength</td>
<td>Burst strength</td>
<td>Permittivity</td>
<td>Apparent opening size</td>
<td>Ultraviolet stability</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Table 714-5

Physical Requirements For Temporary Silt Fence

  -------------------- ---------- ----------- -------------------- ----------- -----------
  **Property**         **Test     **Units**   **Specifications**               
                       Method                                                  
                       ASTM**                                                  

                                              **Type V-A**         **Type V-B  **Type V-C
                                                                   ^(2)^**     ^(3)^**

  Grab strength        D 4632     N                                            

  Machine direction                           400                  550         550

  Cross direction                             400                  450         450

  Permittivity         D 4491     s^-1^       0.05                 0.05        0.05

  Apparent opening     D 4751     mm          0.60 ^(1)^           0.60 ^(1)^  0.60 ^(1)^
  size                                                                         

  Ultraviolet          D 4355     \%          70% after 500 hours              
  stability                                   of exposure                      
  -------------------- ---------- ----------- -------------------- ----------- -----------

\(1\) Maximum average roll value.

\(2\) Elongation at break ≥ 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

\(3\) Elongation at break \< 50 percent elongation (ASTM D 4632).

Table 714-6

Physical Requirements For Paving Fabric

  --------------------------- ----------------- ----------- ------------------
  **Property**                **Test Method**   **Units**   **Specifications
                                                            Type VI**

  Grab strength               ASTM D 4632       N           500

  Ultimate elongation         ASTM D 4632       \%          50% at break

  Asphalt retention           ASTM D 6140       L/m^2^      0.90

  Mass per unit area          ASTM D 5261       g/m^2^      140

  Melting point               ASTM D 276        ºC          150
  --------------------------- ----------------- ----------- ------------------

**714.02 Geocomposite Drains.** Furnish a drainage core with a
subsurface drainage geotextile attached to or encapsulating the core.
Include all necessary fittings and material to splice one sheet, panel,
or roll to the next and to connect the geocomposite drain to the
collector and outlet piping.

For the drainage core, use long chain synthetic polymers composed at
least 85 percent by mass of polypropylene, polyester, polyamide,
polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, or polystyrene. Fabricate the core in
sheets, panels, or rolls of adequate strength to resist installation
stresses and long-term loading conditions. Build the core up in
thickness by means of columns, cones, nubs, cusps, meshes, stiff
filaments, or other configurations.

Furnish geocomposite drains with a minimum compressive strength of 275
kilopascals when tested according to ASTM D 1621, procedure A. Furnish
splices, fittings, and connections with sufficient strength to maintain
the integrity of the system during construction handling and permanent
loading without impeding flow or damaging the core.

Elevate and protect sheets, panels, or rolls with a waterproof and
ultraviolet resistant cover if stored outdoors.

When using a geocomposite drain for a permanent installation, limit the
geocomposite exposure to ultraviolet radiation to less than 10 days.

Geocomposites will be evaluated under Subsection 106.03. When samples
are required, provide a 1-meter square sample from products supplied as
sheets or panels or a 1-meter length full-roll width sample from
products supplied in rolls. Label the sample with the lot and batch
number, date of sampling, project number, item number, manufacturer, and
product name.

**(a) Geocomposite underdrains.** The horizontal and vertical flow of
water within the core shall interconnect at all times for the full
height of the core. The drainage core with the geotextile fully
encapsulating the core shall provide a minimum flow rate of 1 liter per
second per meter of width when tested according to ASTM D 4716 under the
following test conditions:

**(1)** 350-millimeter long specimen;

**(2)** Applied load of 50 kilopascals;

**(3)** Gradient of 1.0;

**(4)** 100-hour seating period; and

**(5)** Rubber membrane between platens and geocomposite.

Firmly attach the geotextile to the core so folding, wrinkling, or other
movement cannot occur either during handling or after placement. Achieve
bonding using nonwater-soluble adhesive, heat sealing, or other methods
recommended by the manufacturer. Do not use adhesive on areas of the
geotextile fabric where flow is intended to occur.

If heat sealing is used, do not weaken the geotextile below the required
strength values. Extend the geotextile below the bottom of the core a
length sufficient to completely encapsulate the collector pipe.

**(b) Geocomposite sheet drains.** The horizontal and vertical flow of
water within the sheet drain shall interconnect at all times for the
full height of the core. The drainage core with the geotextile laminated
to one side of the core shall provide a minimum flow rate of 1 liter per
second per meter of width when tested according to ASTM D 4716 under
test conditions (1) through (5) in (a) above.

If core construction separates the flow channel into two or more
sections, only the flow rate on the in-flow face is considered in
determining the core\'s acceptability.

Firmly attach the geotextile to the core so folding, wrinkling, or other
movement cannot occur either during handling or after placement. Achieve
bonding using nonwater-soluble adhesive, heat sealing, or other method
recommended by the manufacturer. Do not use adhesive on areas of the
geotextile fabric where flow is intended to occur.

If heat sealing is used, do not weaken the geotextile below the required
strength values. Extend the geotextile below the bottom of the core
length sufficient to completely encapsulate the collector pipe.

**(c) Geocomposite pavement edge drains.** The geotextile shall tightly
encapsulate the geocomposite edge drain. The edge drains shall permit
in-flow from both sides. The drain core with the geotextile in place
shall provide a minimum flow rate of 3 liters per second per meter of
width when tested according to ASTM D 4716 under test conditions (1)
through (5) in (a) above, except the gradient shall be 0.1.

If the geocomposite polymer core separates the flow channel into two or
more parts, consider only the tested flow rate of the channel facing the
pavement.

All pipe and pipe fittings used for an outlet to the edge drain shall be
non-perforated plastic pipe conforming to Subsection 706.08.

The solvent cement for the outlet pipe and fittings shall be according
to ASTM D 2564. The material composition of the outlet fittings shall be
compatible for direct solvent welding to PVC.

## Section 715. --- PILING

**715.01 Untreated Timber Piles.** Conform to AASHTO M 168. Fabricate
the piles from the following species for the sizes and dimensions
specified in the contract:

**(a)** Douglas fir;

**(b)** Larch;

**(c)** Norway pine;

**(d)** Red oak; or

**(e)** Southern yellow pine.

Install steel straps along the length of the pile at not more than
3-meter centers. In addition, place a strap at 75, 150, and 300
millimeters from the tip and 2 additional straps within 600 millimeters
of the butt. Use 32-millimeter wide by 0.8-millimeter thick steel
strapping material fabricated from cold-rolled, heat-treated,
high-tensile steel having a minimum tensile strength of 22 kilonewtons.

Hold straps in place with clips that are secured by crimping twice in
the clip length with a notch type sealer. Fabricate the clips from
57-millimeter by 0.9‑millimeter thick steel. The clip joint shall
develop at least 75 percent of the strap tensile strength. Straps shall
encircle the pile once and be tightened by hand-operated or
power-assisted tensioning tools.

**715.02 Treated Timber Piles.** Conform to AASHTO M 133. Use Douglas
fir or southern yellow pine for saltwater installations. Conform to
Subsection 715.01 steel strap requirements.

Use the pressure method procedure prescribed in AWPA Standard C1. Apply
the treatment to the piles after all millwork is completed.

Imprint legible symbols or legend on the end of all piles identifying
the name of the treating company and type and year of treatment
according to AWPA Standards M1 and M6.

**715.03 Concrete Piles.** Fabricate piles from class A (AE) concrete
conforming to Section 552. For billet steel and rail steel reinforcement
bars, conform to Subsection 709.01. For prestressing reinforcement
steel, conform to Subsection 709.03.

Construct precast concrete piles according to Section 552. Construct
prestressed concrete piles according to Section 553. When lifting
anchors are used, maintain at least a 25‑millimeter clearance from the
pile reinforcing steel or prestressing steel.

Use metal, plywood, or dressed lumber forms that are watertight, rigid,
and true to line. Use a 25-millimeter chamfer strip in all corners of
the forms.

Cast piles separately or, if alternate piles are cast in a tier, cast
the intermediate piles at least 4 days after the adjacent piles are
poured. Separate piles cast in tiers with tar paper or other suitable
separating material. Place concrete in each tier in a continuous
operation that prevents the formation of stone pockets, honeycombs, or
other defects. Leave forms in place for at least 24 hours.

Make piles straight so when a line is stretched from butt to tip on any
face, the line is no more than 25 millimeters from the face of the pile
at any point. Make the pile surface true, smooth, even, and free from
honeycombs and voids.

Remove lifting anchors to a depth of at least 25 millimeters below the
concrete surface and fill the resulting hole with concrete. Finish the
surface of each pile with a class 1 ordinary surface finish according to
Subsection 552.16. Cure the piles according to Sections 552 and 553 as
applicable.

If concrete test cylinders are made and tested according to Section 552,
do not move piles until the tests indicate a compressive strength of at
least 80 percent of the design 28-day compressive strength. Do not
transport or drive piles until tests indicate the minimum design 28-day
compressive strength is attained.

If concrete test cylinders are not made, do not move piles until they
have cured for at least 14 days at a minimum temperature of 15 ºC or 21
days at a minimum temperature of 4 ºC. Do not transport or drive piles
until cured for at least 21 days at a minimum of 15 ºC or 28 days at a
minimum of 4 ºC. When high‑early‑strength cement is used, do not move,
transport, or drive piles until cured for at least 7 days.

**715.04 Steel Shells.** Furnish either cylindrical or tapered pile
shells of spiral welded, straight-seam welded, or seamless tube steel
material. Use only one type of pile shell throughout a structure.
Conform to the following minimum shell wall thicknesses:

> • Outside cylinder diameter \< 350 mm 6 mm
>
> • Outside cylinder diameter ≥ 350 mm 10 mm
>
> • Tapered or fluted 4.5 mm

**(a) Shells driven without a mandrel.** For tapered or step tapered
cast-in‑place concrete piles, furnish shells having a minimum
300-millimeter diameter at cutoff and a minimum 200-millimeter diameter
tip. For constant diameter cast-in-place concrete piles, furnish shells
having a minimum nominal diameter of 270 millimeters.

Fabricate shells from not less than 4.5-millimeter plate stock
conforming to ASTM A 36M. Shells may be either spirally welded or
longitudinally welded and may be either tapered or constant in section.
Seal the tips as noted on the drawings.

**(b) Shells driven with a mandrel.** Furnish shells of sufficient
strength and thickness to withstand driving without injury and to resist
harmful distortion and buckling due to soil pressure after being driven
and the mandrel removed. Butt and tip dimensions are specified in the
contract.

**715.05 Steel Pipes.** Conform to the following:

**(a)** Steel pipe to be filled with concrete ASTM A 252, grade 2

**(b)** Closure plates for closed end piles ASTM A 36M

**(c)** Reinforced conical points AASHTO M 103M

for pipe closure at the tip

**(d)** Unfilled tubular steel piles for welded and ASTM A 252, grade 2

seamless steel pipe piles with chemical

properties conforming to ASTM A 53, grade B

**715.06 Steel H‑Piles.** Furnish steel H‑piles from rolled steel
sections of the mass and shape specified in the contract. Fabricate the
H-piles from structural steel conforming to ASTM A 36M, except do not
use steel manufactured by the acid‑bessemer process.

For copper‑bearing structural steel, furnish steel with 0.20 to 0.35
percent copper.

**715.07 Sheet Piles.** For steel sheet piles, conform to AASHTO M 202M
or ASTM A 572M. For all other sheet piles, conform to the requirements
prescribed above for the particular material specified. Make the joints
practically watertight when the piles are in place.

**715.08 Pile Shoes.** For timber piles, prefabricate shoes from cast
steel conforming to AASHTO M 103M.

**715.09 Splices.** For H or pipe piles, manufacture splices from
structural steel conforming to ASTM A 36M.

## Section 716. --- MATERIAL FOR TIMBER STRUCTURES

**716.01 Untreated Structural Timber and Lumber.** Conform to AASHTO M
168. Furnish an inspection certification from an agency accredited by
the American Lumber Standards Committee for the species and grade. Mark
all pieces with the inspection service, grade designation, species, and
inspector identity.

Season and dry all structural timber and lumber before fabrication. Do
not use material that is twisted, curved, or otherwise distorted.

Do not use boxed-heart pieces of Douglas fir or redwood in outside
stringers, floor beams, caps, posts, sills, or rail posts. Boxed-heart
pieces are defined as timber so sawed that, at any point in the length
of a sawed piece, the pith lies entirely inside the four faces.

**716.02 Hardware.** Machine bolts, drift bolts and dowels may be medium
steel. Fabricate washers from gray iron or malleable iron castings
unless structural washers are specified.

Use square-headed bolts and nuts. Use a standard commercial type of cut
or round nail. Use cut, round, or boat spikes as specified.

Galvanize all hardware according to AASHTO M 232M or cadmium plate all
hardware according to ASTM B 766, class 12, type III.

Use ring or shear-plate timber connectors conforming to AASHTO *Standard
Specifications for Highway Bridges* Division II, article 16.2.6, Timber
Connectors.

**716.03 Treated Structural Timber and Lumber.** Furnish wood according
to Subsection 716.01. Incise all wood and make all dimensional cuts and
holes in the wood before pressure treatment. Treat the wood and mark
each piece of treated timber according to AASHTO M 133. Treat glued
laminated timber members according to AWPA Standards C14 and C28. Use
the type of treatment and minimum net retention of preservative shown in
the plans.

Treat timber members according to *Best Management Practices for the Use
of Treated Wood in Aquatic Environments* as published by the Western
Wood Preservers Association.

All treated timber members must have a quality mark approved by the
American Lumber Standards Committee for individual pieces or sealed
pallets assuring that treatment conforms to the appropriate AWPA
standards.

Provide a production certification for each lot of treated wood
according to Subsection 106.03. Indicate the preservative used,
penetration in millimeters, retention in kilograms per cubic meter
(assay method), and the "Best Management Practices" used in treating
timber members.

**716.04 Structural Glued Laminated Timber.** Furnish structural glued
laminated timber according to AITC 117. Fabricate according to the
combination and grade as indicated in the contract. Fabricate structural
glued laminated members according to ANSI/AITC A190.1, Structural Glued
Laminated Timber.

Manufacture members as industrial appearance grade for wet use
conditions, using a phenol-resorcinol resin type of adhesive throughout.
Use only single- or multiple-piece laminations with bonded edge joints.

## Section 717. --- STRUCTURAL METAL

**717.01 Structural Steel.**

**(a) Structural carbon steel.** Conform to the following:

**(1)** Primary bridge members AASHTO M 270M, grade 250T

**(2)** Fracture critical bridge members AASHTO M 270M, grade 250F

**(3)** Other shapes, plates, and bars AASHTO M 270M, grade 250

**(b) High-strength low-alloy structural (HSLA) steel.** Conform to the
following:

**(1)** Primary bridge members AASHTO M 270M, grade 345T

and welded members or 345WT

**(2)** Fracture critical bridge members AASHTO M 270M, grade 345F

and fracture critical welded members or 345WF

**(3)** Other shapes, plates, and bars AASHTO M 270M, grade 345

> or 345W

**(c) High-strength quenched and tempered (QT) steel.** Conform to the
following:

**(1)** Primary bridge members AASHTO M 270M, grade

> 485WT, 690T, or 690WT

**(2)** Fracture critical bridge members AASHTO M 270M, grade

> 485WF, 690F, or 690WF

**(3)** Other shapes, plates, and bars AASHTO M 270M, grade 485W,

> 690, or 690W

**(d) Bolts and nuts.** Conform to ASTM A 307.

**(e) High-strength bolts, nuts, and washers.** Conform to either AASHTO
M 164M or M 253M as specified.

**717.02 Steel Forgings.** Conform to AASHTO M 102M, classes C, D, F,
and G.

**717.03 Pins and Rollers.** Furnish pins and rollers more than 225
millimeters in diameter from annealed carbon‑steel forgings conforming
to AASHTO M 102M, class C.

Furnish pins and rollers 225 millimeters or less in diameter from either
annealed carbon‑steel forgings conforming to AASHTO M 102, class C or
cold finished carbon‑steel shafting conforming to AASHTO M 169, grade
1016 to 1030 inclusive, with a minimum Rockwell Scale B hardness of 85.
The hardness requirement may be waived if the steel develops a tensile
strength of 480 megapascals and a yield point of 250 megapascals.

For pin threads, conform to ANSI B1.1 Coarse Thread Series, class 2A.
Thread pin ends with a diameter of 35 millimeters or more with 6 threads
in 25 millimeters.

**717.04 Castings.**

**(a) Steel castings.** Conform to AASHTO M103M, grade 485-250.

**(b) Chromium alloy steel castings.** Conform to AASHTO M 163M, grade
CA-15.

**(c) Gray iron castings.** Conform to AASHTO M 105, class no. 30B,
unless otherwise specified. Make the castings free from pouring faults,
sponginess, cracks, blow holes, and other defects in positions affecting
strength and value for the service intended. Boldly fillet the castings
at angles and make the arrises sharp and perfect. Sand blast all
castings or otherwise effectively remove the scale and sand to present a
smooth, clean, and uniform surface.

**(d) Malleable iron castings.** Conform to ASTM A 47M, grade 35018,
unless otherwise specified. For workmanship, finishing, and cleaning,
conform to (c) above.

**717.05 Welded Stud Shear Connectors.** Conform to AASHTO M 169 and
AASHTO *Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges* Division II,
article 11.3.3, Welded Stud Shear Connectors.

**717.06 Steel Pipe.** Furnish galvanized steel pipe conforming to ASTM
A 53, type F, standard weight class, and plain ends for the designation
specified in the contract.

**717.07 Galvanized Coatings.** When specified, galvanize structural
steel according to AASHTO M 111M.

**717.08 Sheet Lead.** Furnish common desilverized lead conforming to
ASTM B 29. Furnish sheets in a uniform 6±1 millimeter thickness free
from cracks, seams, slivers, scale, and other defects.

**717.09 Steel Grid Floors.** Conform to ASTM D 5484, type I. Furnish
galvanized steel grid floors unless painting is specified.

**717.10 Bearings.**

**(a)** Elastomeric bearings, plain or laminated. Conform to AASHTO M
251.

**(b)** Elastomeric bearings, high load rotational confined. Conform to
ASTM D 5212.

**(c)** High load rotational spherical bearings. Conform to ASTM D 5977.

**717.11 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Surfaces for Bearings.** When
PTFE surfaces are specified for bearings, which are not listed in
Subsection 717.10, conform to the following:

**(a) PTFE resin.** Furnish virgin PTFE resin material conforming to
ASTM D 4895 and the following:

**(1)** Specific gravity 2.13 to 2.19

**(2)** Melting point 328 ºC ±1 ºC

**(b) Filler material.** Furnish milled glass fibers, carbon, or other
approved inert material.

**(c) Adhesive material.** Furnish epoxy resin adhesive conforming to
FSS MMM‑A‑134, FEP film, or an approved equal.

**(d) Unfilled PTFE sheet.** Furnish unfilled PTFE sheet made from PTFE
resin. Conform to the following:

**(1)** Tensile strength, ASTM D 638 19 MPa min.

**(2)** Elongation, ASTM D 638 200% min.

**(e) Filled PTFE sheet.** Furnish filled PTFE sheet made from PTFE
resin uniformly blended with filler material. For filled PTFE sheets
containing glass fibers or carbon, conform to Table 717-1.

**(f) Fabric containing PTFE fibers.** Furnish fabric made from oriental
multifilament PTFE fluorocarbon and other fibers. Use PTFE fibers,
conform to the following:

**(1)** Tensile strength, ASTM D 2256 165 MPa min.

**(2)** Elongation, ASTM D 2256 75% min.

Table 717-1

Filled Polytetrafluoroethylene Sheeting

  ------------------------- ------------ ------------------- -------------
  **Property**              **ASTM       **15% Glass         **25%
                            Method**     Fibers**            Carbon**

  Mechanical:                                                

  Min. tensile strength     D 638        14 MPa              9 MPa

  Min. elongation           D 638        150%                75%

  Physical:                                                  

  Min. specific gravity     D 792        2.20                2.10

  Melting point             D 638        327±10 ºC           327±10 ºC
  ------------------------- ------------ ------------------- -------------

**(g) Interlocked bronze and filled PTFE components.** Furnish a
phosphor bronze plate conforming to AASHTO M 108 with an 0.25-millimeter
thick porous bronze surface layer conforming to ASTM B 103M into which
is impregnated a PTFE compound. Overlay the surface with compounded PTFE
not less than 25 micrometers thick.

**(h) PTFE metal composite.** Furnish virgin PTFE molded on each side
and completely through a 33-millimeter perforated stainless steel sheet
conforming to ASTM A 240, type 304.

**(i) Surface treatment.** For epoxy bonding, factory treat one side of
the PTFE sheet with a sodium napthalene or sodium ammonia process.

**(j) Stainless steel mating surface.** Conform to ASTM A 240, type 304
and the following:

**(1)** Thickness 0.91 mm min.

**(2)** Surface finish 0.5-µm root mean square max.

Polish or roll stainless steel mating surfaces as necessary to meet the
specified friction properties.

**717.12 Structural Aluminum Alloy.** Conform to the *Specifications for
Aluminum Structures* published by the Aluminum Association, Inc. For
aluminum expansion joint material, furnish aluminum extrusion alloy
6061‑T6.

**717.13 Aluminum Alloy for Bridge Rail.** Conform to AASHTO-AGC-ARTBA
*A Guide to Standardized Highway Barrier Hardware*.

**717.14 Aluminum Bolt Heads and Nuts.** Conform to American standard
heavy hexagon ANSI B18.2. For threads, conform to American standard
coarse series, class 2 fit, ANSI specification B1.1.

**717.15 Aluminum Welding Wire.** Conform to Table 717-2.

Table 717-2

Aluminum Welding Wire

  ------------------------- ------------------- --------------------------
  **Alloys Series**         **Specification**   **Wire**

  3xxx and 6xxx             AWS 5.10            ER 4043

  3xxx, 5xxx, and 6xxx                          ER 5356

  5xxx and 6xxx                                 ER 5556 or ER 5183
  ------------------------- ------------------- --------------------------

**717.16 Elastomeric Compression Joint Seals.** Conform to AASHTO M 297.

## Section 718. --- TRAFFIC SIGNING AND MARKING MATERIAL

**718.01 Retroreflective Sheeting.** Conform to ASTM D 4956.

Conform to ASTM D 4956 Supplemental Requirement S1, Fungus Resistance,
if specified. For reboundable retroreflective sheeting, conform to ASTM
D 4956 including Supplemental Requirement S2, Reboundable Sheeting
Requirements.

When an adhesive is used, use ASTM D 4956, backing class 1, 2, or 3.

**718.02 Reserved.**

**718.03 Plywood Panels.** Furnish exterior type B-B high-density
overlay plywood or better conforming to NIST specification PS‑1 for
construction and industrial plywood. Use 13-millimeter thick plywood for
sign panels with a facial area 0.4 square meters or less and the
horizontal dimension no greater than the vertical dimension. Use
19‑millimeter thick plywood for larger panels.

Abrade, clean, and degrease the face of the plywood panel according to
methods recommended by the manufacturer of the retroreflective sheeting.
Treat the edges of the plywood panel with an approved edge sealant.

**718.04 Steel Panels.** Furnish 2-millimeter continuous coat galvanized
sheet steel blanks conforming to ASTM A 653M. Mill phosphatize the zinc
coating (designation G 90) to a thickness of 1.1±0.5 grams per square
meter of surface area.

Furnish panels with a substantially plane surface. Do not use twisted or
buckled panels. Clean, degrease, or otherwise prepare the panels
according to methods recommended by the sheeting manufacturer.

**718.05 Aluminum Panels.** Conform to ASTM B 209M, alloy 6061‑T6 or
5052-H38.

Fabricate all temporary panels and those permanent panels that are 750
by 750 millimeters or smaller from 2-millimeter thick aluminum sheets.
Fabricate larger permanent panels from 3-millimeter thick aluminum
sheets.

The blanks shall be free from laminations, blisters, open seams, pits,
holes, or other defects that may affect their appearance or use. The
thickness shall be uniform and the blank commercially flat. Perform
shearing, cutting, and punching before preparing the blanks for
application of reflective material.

Clean, degrease, and chromate the blanks or otherwise properly prepare
the panels according to methods recommended by the sheeting
manufacturer.

**718.06 Plastic Panels.**

**(a) Plastic.** Furnish light, flexible, high-impact, and ultraviolet
chemical resistant polycarbonate material, or approved equal that will
accept adhesives, coatings, and retroreflective sheeting material as
recommended for such material.

Fabricate panels that are 600 by 600 millimeters or smaller from
2-millimeter thick plastic blanks. Fabricate larger panels from
3-millimeter thick plastic blanks.

The panels shall be flat and free of buckles, warps, and other defects.
Where multiple panels adjoin, the gap between adjacent panels shall not
be greater than 16 millimeters. Signs larger than 600 by 600 millimeters
shall have reinforcement stiffeners attached on the back for rigidity
and for mounting on the supports.

**(b) Fiberglass reinforced plastic.** Furnish fiberglass reinforced
thermoset polyester acrylic modified laminate sheets. Furnish sign panel
UV stabilized for outdoor weathering ability. The sign panel shall
accept adhesives, coatings, and retroreflective sheeting material as
recommended.

Furnish sign panel free of visible cracks, pinholes, foreign inclusions,
or surface wrinkles that would affect implied performance, alter the
specific dimensions of the panel, or otherwise affect the sign panels
serviceability.

Wipe sign panel surface clean with a slightly dampened cloth before
applying reflective sheeting.

Make fiberglass reinforced panels conform to the following mechanical
and physical properties:

**(1)** Average tensile strength, ASTM D 638M 69 MPa min.

**(2)** Average tensile modulus, ASTM D 638M 8.3 GPa min.

**(3)** Average flexural strength, ASTM D 790M 140 MPa min.

**(4)** Average flexural modulus, ASTM D 790M 8.3 GPa min.

**(5)** Average compression strength, 220 MPa min.

ASTM D 695M

**(6)** Average compression modulus, 9.7 GPa min.

ASTM D 695M

**(7)** Punch shear, ASTM D 732 90 MPa min.

**(8)** Thickness 3.4±0.1 mm

**(9)** Size, dimension \< 3.7 m, ASTM D 3841 ±3 mm

**(10)** Squareness in 3.7 m length, ±3 mm

ASTM D 3841

**(11)** Surfaces, top and bottom Smooth

**(12)** Color, visually uniform gray, N.7.5/ - N.8.5/

Munsel^R^ range

**(13)** Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion, 0.01 µm/mm/ºC max.

ASTM D 696

**(14)** Impact resistance, -54 to 100 ºC, 0.54 kg from 18.3 m

ASTM D 3841

**(15)** Flame resistance, ASTM D 635 25 mm max.

**(16)** Weather resistance, 3000±100 h, grade II min.

ASTM D 3841

**718.07 Extruded Aluminum Panels.** Furnish panels conforming to ASTM B
221M, aluminum alloy 6063‑T6. For panel thickness and fabrication,
conform to Subsection 718.05. The maximum allowable deviation from flat
on the face is 4 millimeters per meter.

**718.08 Signposts.** Furnish wood, steel, or aluminum signposts as
specified.

**(a) Wood posts.** Furnish posts from dry no. 1 grade Douglas fir,
southern or Ponderosa pine, hemlock, spruce, or western larch conforming
to AASHTO M 168. Treat the posts with water-borne preservative ACA,
ACZA, or CCA according to AWPA Standard C14 except the minimum
preservative retention is 6 kilograms per cubic meter.

**(b) Galvanized steel posts.** Furnish posts that are straight, smooth,
and free from defects affecting strength, durability, or appearance.
Conform to the following:

**(1) U-channel steel posts.** Furnish flanged, channel, galvanized
steel posts conforming to ASTM A 499, grade 60, and the following:

*(a)* Dimensions of U cross-section

*(1)* Width of opened end of U 75 -- 90 mm

including flanges

*(2)* Width of closed end of U 25 -- 40 mm

*(3)* Depth of U 25 -- 50 mm

*(4)* Thickness of steel 3 -- 5 mm

*(b)* Punching. Starting 25 millimeters from the top and extending the
full length of the post, drill or punch 10-millimeter holes on
25-millimeter centers along the centerline of the bottom of the U.
Remove all burrs and sharp edges.

*(c)* Galvanizing after punching AASHTO M 111M

**(2) Square tubular steel posts.** Furnish square tubular galvanized
steel posts conforming to ASTM A 1011M, grade 55, or ASTM A 715, grade
60, and the following:

*(a)* Dimensions

*(1)* Outside dimensions 44.5 mm by 44.5 mm or

> 50.8 mm by 50.8 mm

*(2)* Wall thickness 2.1 mm

*(3)* Mass 2.5 -- 3.0 kg/m

*(b)* Punching. Starting 25 millimeters from the top and extending the
full length of the post, drill or punch 11-millimeter holes on
25-millimeter centers along the centerline of all four sides, in true
alignment and opposite each other directly and diagonally. Remove all
burrs and sharp edges.

*(c)* Galvanizing after punching ASTM A 635M, (inside and outside of
post) coating Z275

designation

**(c) Aluminum posts.** Furnish approved standard shapes and thicknesses
conforming to ASTM B 221M, alloy 6061‑T6, 6351‑T5, 6063-T6, or 6005‑T5.

**(d) Corrosion resistant steel posts.** Furnish posts conforming to
ASTM A 588 or ASTM A 242.

**718.09 Object Marker and Delineator Posts.** Furnish wood, steel, or
aluminum object marker and delineator posts. Delineator posts may also
be fabricated from plastic.

**(a) Wood posts.** Furnish 100 by 100-millimeter wooden posts
conforming to Subsection 718.08.

**(b) Steel posts.** Furnish flanged U‑channel steel posts weighing not
less than 3 kilograms per meter and conforming to ASTM A 36M. Galvanize
the posts according to AASHTO M 111M.

**(c) Aluminum posts.** Furnish standard shaped 3-millimeter thick
aluminum posts conforming to ASTM B 221M, alloy 356.0‑T6.

**(d) Plastic posts.** Furnish flexible delineator posts made with high
impact resistant polymer material.

**718.10 Hardware.** For lag screws, washers, clip angles, wood screws,
shear plates, U-bolts, clamps, bolts, nuts, and other fasteners, use
galvanized steel or aluminum alloy.

For high-strength steel bolts, nuts, and washers, conform to Subsection
717.01. Galvanize steel hardware according to AASHTO M 232M.

For aluminum alloy bolts, nuts, and washers, conform to Subsections
717.13 and 717.14 as applicable.

Furnish oversize bolt heads and oversize neoprene or nylon washers for
plastic sign panels.

**718.11 Letters, Numerals, Arrows, Symbols, and Borders.** Colors will
be specified in the contract and shall conform to Subsection 718.01.

Form letters, numerals, and other units to provide a continuous stroke
width with smooth edges. Make the surface flat and free of warp,
blisters, wrinkles, burrs, and splinters. Conform to one of the
following:

**(a) Type L‑1 (screen process).** Apply letters, numerals, arrows,
symbols, and borders on the retroreflective sheeting or opaque
background of the sign by direct or reverse screen process. Apply
messages and borders of a color darker than the background to the paint
or the retroreflective sheeting by direct process. Produce messages and
borders of a color lighter than sign background by the reverse screen
process.

Use opaque or transparent colors, inks, and paints in the screen process
of the type and quality recommended by the retroreflective sheeting
manufacturer.

Perform the screening in a manner that results in a uniform color and
tone, with sharply-defined edges of legends and borders, and without
blemishes on the sign background that will affect intended use.

Air dry or bake the signs after screening according to manufacturer\'s
recommendations to provide a smooth hard finish. Any signs with blisters
or other blemishes will be rejected.

**(b) Type L‑3 (direct applied characters).** Cut letters, numerals,
symbols, borders, and other features of the sign message from the type
and color of the retroreflective sheeting specified, and apply to the
sign background\'s retroreflective sheeting according to the
retroreflective sheeting manufacturer\'s instructions. For the
retroreflective sheeting minimum coefficient of retroreflection (R~A~),
conform to AASHTO M 268.

**718.12 Delineator and Object Marker Retroreflectors.** Furnish type 1
or type 2 retroreflectors that are ready for mounting. Furnish antitheft
hardware for mounting as required.

**(a) Type 1 (acrylic plastic lens).** Furnish a 4500-square millimeter
minimum acrylic plastic lens with prismatic optical elements and a
smooth, clear, transparent face. Fabricate the back from similar
material and fuse it to the lens around the entire perimeter to form a
homogenous unit. Permanently seal the units against the intrusion of
dust, water, or air. Conform to Table 718-1 regardless of the
orientation angle.

Table 718‑1

Minimum Coefficient of (Retroreflective) Luminous Intensity (R~I~) ^(1)^

Candelas per lux

  ----------------- --------------- ---------------- ------------ -----------
  **Observation     **Entrance      **White^(2)^**   **Yellow**   **Red**
  Angle º**         Angle º**                                     

  0.1               0               10.7             6.5          2.8

  0.1               20              4.2              2.3          1.1
  ----------------- --------------- ---------------- ------------ -----------

\(1\) See AASHTO T 257.

\(2\) Crystal, clear, or colorless are acceptable color designations.

Mount the retroreflector unit in a housing fabricated from
1.6-millimeter aluminum alloy 3003‑H‑14 or similar, or from cold rolled,
hot dip, galvanized steel, having a thickness of 1.6 millimeters.
Provide antitheft attachment hardware.

**(b) Type 2 (retroreflective sheeting).** Furnish a fungus resistant
type III, V, VII, VIII, or IX retroreflective sheeting with a class 1 or
2 adhesive backing conforming to ASTM D 4956. Attach the sheeting to an
aluminum or plastic support panel (target plate) of the size and
dimension specified.

**718.13 Conventional Traffic Paint.** Conform to AASHTO M 248.

**718.14 Waterborne Traffic Paint.** Furnish an acrylic water-based,
ready-mixed paint for use on asphalt and rigid pavements conforming to
the following:

**(a) Composition.** Furnish a paint composed of resin solids of 100
percent acrylic polymer with the exact formulation determined by the
manufacturer. Conform to the following:

**(1)** Pigment, % by mass, ASTM D 3723 45% to 55%

**(2)** Lead, chromium, cadmium, or barium 0%

ASTM D 3335 & D3718

**(3)** Volatile organic compounds, 150 g/L max.

ASTM D 2369

**(4)** Mass of paint, 1.44 kg/L min.

ASTM D 1475

**(b) Viscosity.** ASTM D 562 75-90 Krebs units

**(c) Drying time.**

**(1)** Dry to no pickup, ASTM D 711 10 minutes max.

**(2)** Drying to no track, 0.7 kg/L type 1 90 seconds max.

waterproofed glass beads,

0.38±0.03-mm wet film thickness at 54 ºC

**(d) Flexibility.** No cracking or flaking

ASTM D 522, using the 6.4 mm cylindrical mandrel

**(e) Dry opacity.** ASTM D 2805, contrast ratio at 0.96 min.

7.85 m^2^/L spreading rate

**(f) Color.**

**(1)** White, ASTM D 1729 Match FHWA standard

> highway white

**(2)** Yellow, ASTM D 1729 Match FHWA standard

> highway yellow

**(g) Daylight reflectance.** (Without glass beads)

**(1)** White, FTMS 141 method 6121 84% relative to

> magnesium ASTM E 1347 oxide standard

**(2)** Yellow, FTMS 141 method 6121 55% relative to

> magnesium ASTM E 1347 oxide standard

**(h) Bleeding ratio.** ASTM 969. 0.96 min.

Determine reflectance in accordance with

ASTM D 1347 immediately after drying.

Divide the average of 3 reflectance readings

of the paint over the bleeding surface by

the average of 3 readings over the non-bleeding

surface to determine the bleeding ratio.

**(i) Scrub resistance.** ASTM D 2486 300 cycles min.

**(j) Freeze-thaw stability.** ASTM D 2243

**(1)** Change in viscosity ±5 Krebs units max.

**(2)** Decrease in scrub resistance -10% max.

**(k) Storage stability.** During a 12-month storage period, conform to
the following:

**(1)** No excessive setting, caking, or increase in viscosity; and

**(2)** Readily stirred to a consistency for use in the striping
equipment.

**718.15 Epoxy Markings.** Furnish a 2-component, 100 percent solids
type system for hot-spray application conforming to the following:

**(a) Pigments.** Component A. Percent by mass.

**(1) White.**

*(a)* Titanium dioxide (TiO~2~), 18% min.

ASTM D 476, type II and type III

*(b)* Epoxy resin 75 to 82%

**(2) Yellow:**

*(a)* Chrome yellow (PbCrO~4~), 23% min.

*(b)* ASTM D 126, type III.

*(c)* Epoxy resin 70 to 77%

**(3) Non-Lead Yellow:**

*(a)* Titanium dioxide (TiO~2)~ 14% min.

ASTM D 476, type II and type III.

*(b)* Organic yellow 7 to 8%

*(c)* Epoxy resin 75 to 79%

**(b) Epoxy content.** Component A. Manufacturer\'s target

Mass per epoxy equivalent, ASTM D 1652 value ±50

**(c) Amine value.** Component B, Manufacturer\'s target

ASTM D 2074 value ±50

**(d) Toxicity.** Toxic or injurious fumes none

at application temperature

**(e) Color.** 0.38-millimeter film thickness specimen(cured).

**(1)** White, ASTM D 1729 Match FHWA standard

> highway white

**(2)** Yellow, ASTM D 1729 Match FHWA standard

> highway yellow

**(f) Directional reflectance.** (Without glass beads)

**(1)** White, ASTM E 1347 84% relative to

> magnesium oxide standard

**(2)** Yellow, ASTM E 1347 55% relative to

> magnesium oxide standard

**(g) Drying time.** 0.38-millimeter film thickness with beads.

**(1)** Laboratory at 22 ºC, ASTM D 711 30 minutes maximum

to no-pick-up condition

**(2)** Field at 25 ºC, viewed from 15 m 10 minutes maximum

to no-tracking condition

**(h) Abrasion resistance.** Wear index 82 max.

with a CS-17 wheel under a 1000 g load

for 1000 cycles, ASTM D 4060

**(i) Hardness.** Shore D hardness with 72- 75 to 100

to 96-hour cure at 22 ºC, ASTM D 2240

**(j) Storage.** When stored for up to 12 months, individual epoxy
components shall not require mixing before use.

**718.16 Polyester Markings.** Furnish a 2-component system conforming
to the following:

**(a) Directional reflectance.** (Without glass beads)

**(1)** White, ASTM E 1347 80% relative to

> magnesium oxide standard

**(2)** Yellow, ASTM E 1347 55% relative to

> magnesium oxide standard

**(b) Color.**

**(1)** White, ASTM D 1729 match FHWA standard

> highway white

**(2)** Yellow, ASTM D 1729 match FHWA standard

> highway yellow

**(c) Viscosity.** Uncatalyzed polyester 70 to 90 Krebs units

at -4 ºC, ASTM D 562

**(d) Bleeding.** ASTM D 969 6 minimum

**(e) Drying time in field.** Viewed from 15 m 45 minutes maximum

> to no-tracking condition

**718.17 Thermoplastic Markings.** Conform to AASHTO M 249.

**718.18 Preformed Plastic Markings.** Conform to ASTM D 4505, type I,
V, VI, or VII, grade A, B, C, D, or E.

**718.19 Glass Beads.** Conform to AASHTO M 247 for the type specified.
Table 1, Gradation of Glass Beads in AASHTO M 247 is supplemented by
Table 718-2. Treat glass beads with an adherence coating as recommended
by manufacturer.

Table 718-2

Gradation of Glass Beads

  ---------------------- --------------- -------------- -----------------
  **Sieve Size**         **Percent by                   
                         Mass Passing                   
                         Designated                     
                         Sieve (ASTM D                  
                         1214)**                        

                         **Grading                      
                         Designation**                  

                         **Type 3**      **Type 4**     **Type 5**

  2.36 mm                                               100

  2.0 mm                                 100            95 - 100

  1.7 mm                 100             95 - 100       80 - 95

  1.4 mm                 95 - 100        80 - 95        10 - 40

  1.18 mm                80 - 95         10 - 40        0 - 5

  1.0 mm                 10 - 40         0 - 5          0 - 2

  850 µm                 0 - 5           0 - 2          

  710 µm                 0 - 2                          
  ---------------------- --------------- -------------- -----------------

For type 3, 4, and 5 glass beads, also conform to the following:

**(a)** Treat beads with a reactive adherence coating as recommended by
the manufacturer.

**(b)** Roundness, FLH T 520 70% min/sieve size

**(c)** Refractive index, AASHTO M 247 1.50 - 1.55

**718.20 Raised Pavement Markers.**

**(a) Non-plowable, extended life, retroreflective, pavement markers.**
Conform to ASTM D 4280.

**(b) Plowable, retroreflective, pavement markers.** Conform to ASTM D
4383.

**718.21 Temporary Pavement Markings.**

**(a) Preformed retroreflective tape.** Furnish 100-millimeter wide tape
conforming to ASTM D 4592, type I (removable).

**(b) Raised pavement markers.** Furnish an L-shaped polyurethane marker
body with retroreflective tape on both faces of the vertical section,
capable of retroreflecting light from opposite directions, and with an
adhesive on the base.

Provide a minimum coefficient of retroreflection of 1200 candela per lux
per square meter at 0.1-degree observation angle and -4 degrees entrance
angle.

Fabricate the marker body from 1.5-millimeter minimum thickness
polyurethane. Fabricate the vertical leg about 50 millimeters high by
about 100 millimeters wide. Fabricate the base for the marker body about
30 millimeters wide.

Factory apply a 3-millimeter minimum thickness and 19-millimeter wide
pressure sensitive adhesive to the marker base and protect it with
release paper.

If approved, variations in design and dimensions will be permitted to
meet manufacturer\'s standards.

**718.22 Temporary Traffic Control Devices.** Use suitable commercial
grade material for the fabrication of the temporary traffic control
devices. Construct the devices from material capable of withstanding
anticipated weather, traffic conditions, and suitable for the intended
use. Do not use units used on other projects without approval.

**718.23 Epoxy Resin Adhesives.** Epoxy resin adhesives for bonding
traffic markers to rigid and asphalt concrete pavements shall conform to
AASHTO M 237.

## Section 719. --- Reserved

## Section 720. --- STRUCTURAL WALL AND STABILIZED EMBANKMENT MATERIAL

**720.01 Mechanically-Stabilized Earth Wall Material.**

**(a) Concrete face panels.** Conform to Section 552 and the following:

**(1)** Use concrete class A(AE) with a minimum 30-megapascal, 28-day
compressive strength.

**(2)** Conform to Section 562 and fully support the units until the
concrete reaches a minimum compressive strength of 7 megapascals. The
units may be shipped and installed after the concrete reaches a minimum
compressive strength of 24 megapascals.

**(3)** Finish the front face of the panel with a class 1 finish
according to Subsection 552.16. Screed the rear face of the panel to
eliminate open pockets of aggregate and surface distortions in excess of
6 millimeters. Cast the panels on a flat area. Do not attach galvanized
connecting devices or fasteners to the face panel reinforcement steel.

**(4)** Clearly scribe on an unexposed face of each panel the date of
manufacture, the production lot number, and the piece mark.

**(5)** Handle, store, and ship all units in such a manner as to
eliminate the dangers of chipping, discoloration, cracks, fractures, and
excessive bending stresses. Support panels in storage on firm blocking
to protect the panel connection devices and the exposed exterior finish.

**(6)** Manufacture all units within the following tolerances:

*(a) Panel dimensions.* Position of panel connection devices within
25 millimeters. All other dimensions within 5 millimeters.

*(b) Panel squareness.* Squareness, as determined by the difference
between the 2 diagonals, shall not exceed 13 millimeters.

*(c) Panel surface finish.* Surface defects on smooth formed surfaces
1.5 meters or more in length shall not exceed 3 millimeters. Surface
defects on textured‑finished surfaces 1.5 meters or more in length shall
not exceed 8 millimeters.

Concrete face panels having any or all of the following defects will be
rejected.

• Defects that indicate imperfect molding;

• Defects indicating honeycombed or open texture concrete;

• Cracked or severely chipped panels; or

• Color variation on front face of panel due to excess form oil or other
reasons.

**(b) Wire facing.** Fabricate from welded wire fabric conforming to
AASHTO M 55M, except that section 7.4. applies for all longitudinal and
transverse wire sizes. After fabrication, galvanize according to AASHTO
M 111M.

**(c) Backing mat.** Fabricate from welded wire fabric conforming to
AASHTO M 55M except that section 7.4 applies for all longitudinal and
transverse wire sizes. After fabrication, galvanize according to AASHTO
M 111M.

**(d) Clevis connector.** Fabricate from cold-drawn steel wire
conforming to AASHTO M 32M, and weld according to AASHTO M 55M. After
fabrication, galvanize according to AASHTO M 111M.

**(e) Connector bars.** Fabricate from cold-drawn steel wire conforming
to AASHTO M 32M. Galvanize according to AASHTO M 111M.

**(f) Fasteners.** Furnish 13-millimeter diameter, heavy hexhead bolts,
nuts, and washers conforming to AASHTO M 164M. Galvanize according to
AASHTO M 232.

**(g) Hardware cloth.** Fabricate with maximum 7-millimeter square mesh
openings from woven or welded galvanized steel wire fabric conforming to
ASTM A 740.

**(h) Reinforcing mesh.** Fabricate from cold-drawn steel wire
conforming to AASHTO M 32M. Weld the wire into the finished mesh fabric
according to AASHTO M 55M. After fabrication, galvanize according to
AASHTO M 111M. Repair all damage to the galvanized coating before
installation.

**(i) Reinforcing strips.** Fabricate from high-strength, low-alloy
structural steel conforming to ASTM A 572M, grade 450, type 3. After
fabrication, galvanize according to AASHTO M 111M.

**(j) Tie strip.** Fabricate from hot-rolled steel conforming to ASTM A
570M, grade 50. Galvanize according to AASHTO M 111M.

**720.02 Gabion and Revet Mattress Material.**

**(a) Basket mesh.** Twist or weld the mesh from galvanized steel wire
conforming to ASTM A 641M, class 3 or aluminized steel wire conforming
to ASTM A 809. Use wire with a minimum tensile strength of 415
megapascals when tested according to AASHTO T 244. The galvanized or
aluminized coating may be applied after mesh fabrication. Make the mesh
openings with a maximum dimension less than 120 millimeters, an area
less than 7000 square millimeters, and a size less than the gabion or
revet mattress rock to be used with the mesh.

**(1) Gabion baskets (0.3 meter or greater in the vertical dimension).**
Fabricate the mesh for galvanized or aluminized coated baskets from
nominal-sized 3.0-millimeter or greater diameter wire and fabricate the
mesh for polyvinyl chloride coated baskets from nominal-sized
2.7-millimeter or greater diameter wire.

*(a) Twisted wire mesh.* Form the mesh in a uniform hexagonal pattern
with nonraveling double twists. For galvanized or aluminized coated
baskets, tie the perimeter edges of the mesh for each panel to a
3.9-millimeter or greater diameter selvedge wire. For polyvinyl chloride
coated baskets, tie the perimeter edges of the mesh for each panel to a
3.4-millimeter or greater diameter selvedge wire. Make the selvedge at
least the same strength as the body of the mesh. Furnish selvedge wire
from the same type of material used for the wire mesh.

*(b) Welded wire mesh.* For galvanized or aluminized coated baskets,
weld each connection to obtain a minimum average weld shear strength of
2600 newtons with no value less than 2000 newtons. For polyvinyl
chloride coated baskets, weld each connection to obtain a minimum
average weld shear strength of 2100 newtons with no value less than
1600 newtons.

Fabricate gabion baskets in the dimensions required with a dimension
tolerance of ±5 percent. Where the length of the basket exceeds 1.5
times its width, equally divide the basket into cells less than or equal
to the basket width using diaphragms of the same type and size mesh as
the basket panels. Prefabricate each basket with the necessary panels
and diaphragms secured so they rotate into place.

**(2) Revet mattresses (less than 0.3 meter in the vertical
dimension).** Fabricate the mesh from nominal-sized 2.2-millimeter or
greater diameter wire.

*(a) Twisted wire mesh.* Form the mesh in a uniform hexagonal pattern
with nonraveling double twists. Tie the perimeter edges of the mesh for
each panel to a 2.7-millimeter or greater diameter selvedge wire. Make
the selvedge at least the same strength as the body of the mesh. Furnish
selvedge wire from the same type of material used for the wire mesh.

*(b) Welded wire mesh.* Weld each connection to obtain a minimum average
weld shear strength of 1300 newtons with no value less than
1000 newtons.

Fabricate revet baskets in the dimensions required with a dimension
tolerance of ±5 percent in length and width and ±10 percent in height.
Where the length of the basket exceeds 0.5 times its width, equally
divide the basket into cells less than or equal to 0.5 times the basket
width using diaphragms of the same type and size mesh as the mattress
panels. Prefabricate each basket with the necessary panels and
diaphragms secured so they rotate into place.

**(3) Polyvinyl chloride coated baskets.** Use either a fusion bonded or
extruded coating to coat the galvanized or aluminized mesh. Conform to
the following:

*(a)* Color Black or gray

*(b)* Thickness 0.38 mm min.

*(c)* Specific gravity, ASTM D 792 1.20 to 1.40

*(d)* Tensile strength, ASTM D 638M 15.7 MPa min.

*(e)* Modulus of elasticity, ASTM D 638M 13.7 MPa min.

> at 100 strain

*(f)* Hardness --- shore \"A\", ASTM D 2240 75 min.

*(g)* Brittleness temperature, ASTM D 746 -9 ºC max.

*(h)* Abrasion resistance, ASTM D 1242, 12% max.

method B at 200 cycles, mass loss

CSI-A abrader tape, 80 grit

*(i)* Salt spray (ASTM B 117) and No visual effect

ultraviolet light exposure *(c)* ∆\< 6%

(ASTM D 1499 and G 23 using *(d)* ∆\< 25%

apparatus type E and 63 ºC) *(e)* ∆\< 25%

for 3000 hours *(h)* ∆\< 10%

*(j)* Mandrel bend, 360º bend at --18 ºC No breaks or

around a mandrel 10 times the wire cracks in

diameter coating

**(b) Permanent fasteners.**

**(1) Lacing wire.** Furnish nominal-sized 2.2-millimeter diameter wire
of the same type, strength, and coating as the basket mesh.

**(2) Spiral binders.** Form with wire having at least the same
diameter, type, strength, and coating as the basket mesh.

**(3) Alternate fasteners.** Furnish fasteners according to the basket
manufacturer\'s specification that remain closed when subjected to a
2600‑newton tensile force while confining the maximum number of wires to
be confined in the gabion structure or revet mattress. Submit
installation procedures and fastener test results.

**(c) Internal connecting wire.** Furnish lacing wire as described in
(b)(1) above or alternate stiffeners according to the basket
manufacturer\'s specification.

**720.03 Metal Bin Type Crib Walls.** Fabricate members from the type
and kind of material specified in the contract. Conform to the
following:

**(a)** Galvanized steel sheets AASHTO M 218

**(b)** Aluminum sheets AASHTO M 197

**(c)** Fiber-bonded steel sheets Subsection 707.09

**(d)** Aluminum coated steel sheets AASHTO M 274

**(e)** Bolts and nuts ASTM A 307, grade A

Furnish heavy hexagon heads and nuts without washers or hexagon heads
and nuts with 2 plate washers. Fabricate washers from 3.3-millimeter
thick round steel plate including coating with holes not more than 1.6
millimeters larger than the bolt diameter. Galvanize the bolts, nuts,
and washers according to AASHTO M 232M.

## Section 721. --- ELECTRICAL AND ILLUMINATION MATERIAL

**721.01 Electrical Material.** Conform to the following:

**(a) Conduit.** Conform to the following:

**(1) Nonmetallic conduit and duct couplings, elbows, bends, and
nipples.** For above ground and underground use without concrete
encasement, furnish rigid PVC, heavy wall conduit conforming to UL 651.
For solvent cement to join conduit, conform to ASTM D 2564.

**(2) Metallic conduit and duct, couplings, elbows, bends, and
nipples.** Furnish rigid galvanized steel conduit conforming to UL 6.
Uniformly coat the conduit on the outside with an asphalt mastic
conforming to AASHTO M 243 or a 0.5-millimeter PVC coating. Furnish
rigid, full-mass sherardized or galvanized threaded fittings.

**(3) Flexible conduit.** Furnish a watertight metallic conduit
conforming to UL 360, acceptable for equipment grounding. Furnish
insulated throat, grounding, malleable iron watertight fittings.

**(4) Conduit bodies, boxes, and fittings.** Furnish watertight,
galvanized steel conforming to UL 514 B.

**(b) Pull boxes, frames, and covers.** For boxes formed in concrete,
fabricate with cast iron or welded sheet steel having a minimum
thickness of 5 millimeters. Galvanize, inside and out, according to
AASHTO M 232M.

**(c) Wire and cable.** Furnish 600-volt stranded copper conductors,
insulation, and jackets. Label and color code the wire and cable to
identify its type, size, UL symbol, and manufacturer. Conform to the
following:

**(1)** Rubber-insulated wires and cables UL 44

**(2)** Thermoplastic-insulated wires and cables UL 83

**(3)** Thermoplastic-insulated underground feeder UL 493

and branch circuit cables

**(4)** Nonmetallic sheathed cable UL 719

**(5)** Service-entrance cables UL 854

**(6)** Machine-tool wires and cables UL 1063

**(7)** Reference standard for electrical wires, cables, UL 1581

and flexible cords

**(d) Circuit breakers and panels.** Conform to UL 489 and UL 67.
Furnish molded case thermal magnetic trip type breakers. Furnish panel
enclosures conforming to NEMA 3R, lockable with padlocks.

**(e) Safety disconnect switches.** Furnish heavy duty, NEMA 3R, safety
disconnect switches conforming to UL 98.

**(f) Grounding and bonding equipment.** Furnish 16-millimeter diameter,
2.5-meter long, copper-clad steel ground rods, ground clamps, grounding
and bonding bushings, and lock nuts conforming to UL 467.

**(g) Contactors and control transformers.** Furnish a magnetic,
60-ampere, 2-pole contactor with a 120-volt coil, equipped with control
switches for automatic actuation conforming to UL 508. Furnish
cadmium-sulfide type photocell controls for 120 or 240-volt operation,
as applicable; rated at 1000 watts resistive load or 1800 volt‑amperes
inductive load; adaptable for pole-top mounting in a plug-in,
locking-type receptacle, conforming to UL 773; and with a built-in surge
protective device for protection from induced high-voltage and
follow-through currents.

Furnish single-phase, 240/480 volt primary, 120/240 volt secondary, dry
type, 60 hertz, 1 KVA transformers for indoor or outdoor use, conforming
to UL 506.

**(h) Secondary lightning arrester.** Furnish a secondary lightning
arrester rated for a maximum operating voltage of 650 volts RMS with a
bracket for mounting on the control cabinet backboard.

**(i) Service poles.** Furnish treated southern yellow pine, treated
Douglas fir, butt‑treated western red cedar, or butt‑treated northern
white cedar service poles that is at least 9 meters long. Treat the
poles according to Subsection 716.03.

**(j) Meter cabinet.** Conform to local power company requirements.

**(k) Control cabinet.** Furnish a NEMA type IV cabinet, equipped with
door clamps on the unhinged sides, solid neoprene gasket, welded seams,
continuous hinge with stainless steel pin, stainless steel external
hardware, backboard for mounting apparatus, padlock with an outdoor,
tumbler-type padlocks keyed the same, supplied with 2 keys for each
lock. Furnish a cabinet constructed of one of the following:

**(1)** Code-gauge stainless steel, ASTM A 167, type 304; or

**(2)** Code-gauge aluminum sheet with mechanical properties equivalent
or exceeding ASTM B 209M, alloy 5052-H32.

**721.02 Lighting Material.** Conform to the following:

**(a) Poles.** Furnish 3-millimeter-thick round steel conforming to ASTM
A 595 or aluminum shafts conforming to ASTM B 429, alloy 6063-T6,
tapered uniformly at 12 millimeters per meter. Provide hand holes with
no rough edges and a reinforcing frame and cover designed to maintain
the required pole strength. Weld a 60- to 75‑millimeter outside diameter
vertical tenon, fabricated from the same material as the pole, and
welded at the top and on the same axis as the pole.

Furnish pole sections in minimum 4.5-meter lengths. Furnish pole
sections less than 21 meters in height in 2 sections or less; between 21
and 30 meters in 3 sections or less; and over 30 meters in 4 sections or
less.

Design and furnish poles capable of sustaining the following loadings:

**(1)** A horizontal load of 2.2 kilonewtons applied 450 millimeters
from the shaft top, in any direction, without failure of any component
part, and a maximum allowable vertical deflection of 7.5 percent of the
shaft length.

**(2)** A horizontal load of 220 newtons applied at the luminaire
attachment point and normal to the pole bracket member plane, with a
vertical load of 130 newtons on the luminaire supporting arm, and a
maximum allowable horizontal deflection of 10 percent of the luminaire
supporting arm\'s horizontal length.

**(3)** A vertical load of 440 newtons applied at the luminaire
attachment point, and a maximum allowable vertical deflection of 5.5
percent of the pole arm\'s horizontal length.

**(4)** A vertical load of 1.1 kilonewtons applied at the luminaire
attachment point, and no collapse or rupture of any portion of the
structure.

**(5)** The pole arm and luminaire mass with a maximum allowable
deflection from vertical at the top of the pole of 1 percent of the
total shaft length.

Prime the poles inside and out according to the fabricator\'s
recommendation. Use epoxy modified enamel matching FSS 595A color 27040
for the finish coat.

**(b) Pole arms.**

**(1) Material.** Furnish steel or aluminum. Use the same material as
the pole.

**(2) Type.** Furnish bracket type, truss or single member arms. Furnish
single member arms with a minimum diameter of 50 millimeters and the
same taper as the pole.

**(3) Connection.** Furnish a weather resistant connection to the pole
and a smooth raceway for wiring. Furnish all fittings for connection to
the pole.

**(c) Anchor bases.** Furnish a one-piece base dimensioned for adequate
pole mounting and structural support with holes for anchor bolts and
tapped holes for anchor bolt covers. Fabricate anchor bases from
material similar to the pole material and conform to the following:

**(1)** Steel casings AASHTO M 103M, grade 450-240

**(2)** Steel plate ASTM A 36M

**(3)** Aluminum castings ASTM B 26M, alloy SG70A-T6 (356-T6)

**(d) Bolts, nuts, and washers.**

**(1) Steel anchor bolts.** Conform to ASTM A 36M, except as amended by
*(a)* or *(b)* below:

*(a) (1)* Yield strength 380 MPa min.

*(2)* Tensile strength 520 to 650 MPa

*(3)* Elongation in 200 mm 18% min.

*(4)* Elongation in 50 mm 21% min.

*(5)* Area reduction 30% min.

*(b)* *(1)* Yield strength 725 MPa min.

*(2)* Tensile strength 680 to 1030 MPa

*(3)* Elongation in 50 mm 15% min.

*(4)* Area reduction 45% min.

**(2) Hex head bolts.** Conform to the following:

*(a)* 380 MPa yield anchor bolts AASHTO M 164

*(b)* 725 MPa yield anchor bolts ASTM A 354, grade BC

**(3) Nuts.** Conform to AASHTO M 291M. Furnish nuts appropriate for the
strength of the anchor bolt.

**(4) Washers.** Furnish flat, circular washers conforming to AASHTO M
293M.

Galvanize the top 300 millimeters of anchor bolts and all associated
hardware according to AASHTO M 232M.

**(e) Anchor bolt covers.** Furnish a bolt cover for each anchor bolt
and 6‑millimeter stainless steel, Phillips-head or hex-head screws to
attach the cover to the base or pole.

**(f) Luminaires.** Operate luminaires on a 240-volt series circuit.
Furnish the following types of luminaires.

**(1) Conventional highway luminaires.** Furnish 250-watt, 100-volt,
high pressure sodium vapor lamps including all materials for a complete
installation. Furnish aluminum housings with refractor holder and
slipfitter. Furnish thermal shock-resistant glass prismatic refractors
with gaskets and clips. Furnish aluminum detachable reflectors with
ethylene propylene terpolymer gaskets.

Furnish internal regulator or auto regulator type ballast, with a power
factor greater than 90 percent that will start lamps at a minimum
ambient temperature of -29 ºC.

**(2) Sign lighting luminaires.** Furnish deluxe white, 250-watt mercury
vapor lamps with a minimum rated life of 24,000 hours. Include all
material for a complete installation. Furnish die-cast aluminum housings
with mounting bracket and door assembly. Furnish thermal,
shock-resistant, borosilicate glass refractors with gaskets. Furnish
aluminum reflectors.

Furnish 120/240 volt, 60 hertz, constant-wattage ballasts with a power
factor greater than 90 percent that will start lamps at a minimum
ambient temperature of -29 ºC.

## Section 722. --- ANCHOR MATERIAL

**722.01 Anchorage Devices.** For post-tensioning, furnish anchorage
devices capable of holding the prestressing steel at a load producing a
stress of not less than 95 percent of the guaranteed minimum tensile
strength of the prestressing steel.

Use a steel distribution plate or assembly to effectively distribute the
compressive stresses from the anchoring device to the concrete. If the
anchorage device is sufficiently large and is used with a steel grillage
embedded in the concrete, the distribution plate or assembly may be
omitted. Conform to the following:

**(a)** The final unit compressive stress on the concrete directly
beneath the plate or assembly shall not exceed 21 megapascals.

**(b)** Bending stresses in the plates or assemblies induced by the pull
of the prestressing shall not exceed the yield point of the material or
cause visible distortion in the anchorage plate when 100 percent of the
ultimate load is applied.

Furnish 2 anchorage devices (complete with distribution plates or
assemblies) for each size and type to be used.

**722.02 Ground Anchors.** Conform to the following:

**(a) Tendons.** For either single or multiple elements, conform to one
of the following:

**(1)** Steel strand uncoated seven-wire stress AASHTO M 203M

relieved for prestressed concrete

**(2)** Uncoated high-strength steel bar for AASHTO M 275M

prestressed concrete

**(3)** Steel strand uncoated seven-wire ASTM A 779 and

compacted stress relieved for AASHTO M 203M

prestressing concrete

(**b) Couplers.** Furnish couplers for tendon sections that are capable
of developing 95 percent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile
strength of the tendon.

**(c) Sheathing.** Conform to one of the following:

**(1) Unbonded length.**

*(a) Polyethylene tube.* Conform to ASTM D 1248, type II, III, or IV
with a minimum wall thickness of 1.5 millimeters.

*(b) Hot-melt extruded polypropylene tube.* Conform to ASTM D 4101, cell
classification PP 210 B5554211 with a minimum wall thickness of
1.5 millimeters.

*(c) Hot-melt extruded polyethylene tube.* Conform to ASTM D 3350 and
D 1248 high-density type III with a minimum wall thickness of
1.5 millimeters.

*(d) Steel tubing.* Conform to ASTM A 500 with a minimum wall thickness
of 5 millimeters.

*(e) Steel pipe.* Conform to ASTM A 53, schedule 40 minimum.

*(f) Plastic pipe.* Conform to ASTM D 1785, schedule 40 minimum.

**(2) Bonded length.**

*(a) High-density corrugated polyethylene tubing.* Conform to AASHTO
M 252 with a minimum wall thickness of 0.75 millimeters.

*(b) Corrugated, polyvinyl chloride tubes.* Conform to ASTM D 1784,
class 13464-B.

*(c) Fusion-bonded epoxy.* Conform to AASHTO M 284M with a minimum film
thickness of 0.4 millimeters.

**(d) Grease.** Conform to Table 3.2.1 of the PTI *Post Tensioning
Manual*. Formulate to provide corrosion inhibiting and lubricating
properties.

**(e) Grout.** Furnish a pumpable mixture of portland cement, sand,
water, and admixtures. Use type I, II or III portland cement conforming
to AASHTO M 85.

Chemical additives that control bleed or retard set may be used provided
the additives conform to Subsection 711.03 and are mixed according to
the manufacturer\'s recommendations.

For permanent ground anchors, furnish grout capable of reaching a cube
strength (AASHTO T 106) of 25 megapascals in 7 days. For soil nails,
furnish grout capable of reaching a cube strength of 10.5 megapascals in
3 days and 21 megapascals in 28 days.

Make grout cubes for testing from random batches of grout as directed.
Normally, strength testing for permanent ground anchors will not be
required as system performance will be measured by proof-testing each
anchor. Grout cube testing will be required if admixtures are used or
irregularities occur in anchor testing.

**(f) Centralizers.** Fabricate centralizers and spacers from any type
of material, except wood, that is not deleterious to the prestressing
steel.

**(g) Anchorage devices.** Conform to Section 3.2.3 of the PTI *Post
Tensioning Manual*. For strand tendons, design anchorage devices to
permit lift‑off testing without the jack engaging the strand. For
anchorage device bearing plates, furnish steel plates conforming to ASTM
A 36M or A 588M.

Extend a pipe or trumpet from the anchor plate a sufficient distance to
encapsulate the protective sheath. Furnish anchorage devices capable of
developing 95 percent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength
of the anchor tendon.

**722.03 Rock Bolts.** Conform to ASTM F 432.

**722.04 Soil Nails.**

**(a) Tendon.** Furnish deformed bars conforming to one of the
following:

**(1)** Deformed bars, grade 420 or 520 ASTM A 615

**(2)** Deformed bars, grade 1035 ASTM A 722

Provide new, straight, continuous, undamaged, bare, epoxy coated, or
encapsulated bars.

**(b) Coupler.** Furnish couplers that are capable of developing the
full, ultimate tensile strength of the tendon as certified by the
manufacturer.

**(c) Fusion bonded epoxy coating.** Apply epoxy coating conforming to
ASTM A 775, with the exception of the bend test requirements.
Electrostatically apply the coating to a minimum thickness of 0.3
millimeters. The coating at the wall anchorage end of epoxy-coated bars
may be omitted over the length provided for threading the nut against
the bearing plate.

**(d) Encapsulation.** Furnish corrugated polyethylene pipe conforming
to AASHTO M 252 or corrugated polyvinyl chloride pipe conforming to ASTM
D 1784, class 13464-B.

## Section 723. --- Reserved

## Section 724. --- Reserved

## Section 725. --- MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

**725.01 Water.** Conform to the following:

**(a) Water for mixing or curing cement concrete, mortar, or grout.**
Conform to AASHTO M 157. Potable water of known quality may be used
without testing according to AASHTO T 26. Potable water is safe for
human consumption as defined by the public health authority having
jurisdiction.

**(b) Water for planting or care of vegetation.** Furnish water that is
free of substances injurious to plant life such as oils, acids,
alkalies, or salts.

**(c) Water for earthwork, pavement courses, dust control, and
incidental construction.** Furnish water free of substances detrimental
to the work.

**725.02 Calcium Chloride, Calcium Chloride Flakes and Magnesium
Chloride.**

**(a) Calcium chloride liquid.** Conform to AASHTO M 144, type L for the
specified concentration.

**(b) Calcium chloride flakes.** Conform to AASHTO M 144, type S, grade
1, 2, or 3, class A.

**(c) Magnesium chloride.** Furnish a brine solution conforming to the
following:

**(1)** Magnesium chloride by mass 28% minimum

**(2)** Water by mass 72% maximum

**(3)** Specific gravity, AASHTO T 227 1.290 to 1.330

**725.03 Lime.**

**(a) Lime for masonry.** Furnish hydrated lime conforming to ASTM
C 207, type N.

**(b) Lime for soil stabilization and paving.** Conform to AASHTO M 216.

**725.04 Pozzolans.** Conform to the following:

**(a)** Fly ash AASHTO M 295, class C or F

**(b)** Ground iron blast-furnace slag AASHTO M 302, grade 100 or 120

**(c)** Silica fume (microsilica) AASHTO M 307

**725.05 Mineral Filler.** Conform to AASHTO M 17.

**725.06 Precast Concrete Curbing and Wheelstops.** Furnish units
conforming to the following:

**(a)** Concrete Section 601

**(b)** Reinforcing steel Subsection 709.01

**725.07 Clay or Shale Brick.** Conform to one of the following:

**(a)** Sewer brick AASHTO M 91, grade SM

**(b)** Building brick AASHTO M 114, grade SW

**725.08 Concrete Brick.** Conform to ASTM C 55, grade N-I.

**725.09 Concrete Masonry Units.** Conform to one of the following:

**(a)** Load-bearing concrete masonry units ASTM C 90

**(b)** Concrete masonry units for constructing ASTM C 139

catch basins and manholes

**(c)** Nonload-bearing concrete masonry units ASTM C 129

**725.10 Cellular Concrete Blocks.** Conform to ASTM C 936 or C 1319.

**725.11 Precast Concrete Units and Accessories.**

**(a) Reinforced concrete manholes sections.** Conform to AASHTO M 199M

**(b) Precast concrete barrier.** Conform to ASTM C 825.

**(c) Reinforced concrete crib wall members.** Conform to ASTM C 915.

**(d) Underground concrete utility structures.** Conform to ASTM C 858.

**(e) Concrete water and waste water structures.** Conform to ASTM C
913.

**(f) Solid concrete interlocking paving units.** Conform to ASTM C 936.

**(g) Other precast concrete units not covered by the preceding
requirements.** Cast the units in substantial permanent steel forms.
When reinforcing steel is required, conform to Section 709. Provide
additional reinforcement as necessary for handling the units. Use
concrete conforming to the following.

**(1)** Minimum design strength (f^'^~c~) 25 MPa min.

at 28-day strength, AASHTO T 22

**(2)** Air entrained concrete for precast

units exposed to freezing and thawing

environment. For air-entrained concrete,

conform to the following:

*(a)* 9.5 mm max. size aggregate 5% min.

*(b)* \> 9.5 mm max. size aggregate 4% min.

Cure the units according to AASHTO M 170M.

Sample for verification of required average compressive strength
(f^'^~cr~). Cast a sufficient number of concrete cylinders from each
unit or randomly selected from a production run of units to permit
compressive strength testing at 7, 14, and 28 days. Fabricate at least 2
cylinders for each test age. Each compressive strength test consists of
two or more cylinders tested according to AASHTO T 22 at the same age.
If the minimum required average (f^'^~cr~) strength requirement is met
at 7 or 14 days, the units may be used 14 days from date of casting.

Do not use precast concrete units when:

• Compressive strength as determined by AASHTO T 22 from each unit or
production run does not meet the minimum required average (f^'^~cr~)
strength requirement by the age of 28 days.

• Cracks, honeycombed, or patched areas are larger than 0.02 square
meters.

**725.12 Frames, Grates, Covers, and Ladder Rungs.** Fabricate metal
grates and covers to evenly bear on the frames. Correct bearing
inaccuracies by machining. Assemble all units before shipment. Mark all
pieces to facilitate reassembly at the installation site. Uniformly coat
all castings with a commercial preservative according to the
manufacturer\'s standard practice. Conform to the following:

**(a)** Gray iron castings AASHTO M 105

**(b)** Carbon steel castings AASHTO M 103M

**(c)** Structural steel ASTM A 36M

**(d)** Galvanizing AASHTO M 111M

**(e)** Malleable iron castings ASTM A 47M

**(f)** Aluminum alloy ladder rung material ASTM B 221M, alloy 6061‑T6

**(g)** Aluminum castings ASTM B 26M, alloy 356.0‑T6

**725.13 Corrugated Metal Units.** For steel corrugated units, conform
to AASHTO M 36. For aluminum corrugated units, conform to AASHTO M 196.
For coatings, conform to the following:

**(a)** Asphalt-coated corrugated units AASHTO M 190, type A

**(b)** Polymer precoated corrugated units AASHTO M 245, grade 250/250

**(c)** Fiber-bonded units Subsection 707.09

**725.14 Protective Coatings for Concrete.** Furnish protective coatings
for bridge decks, curbs, sidewalks, and concrete portions of bridge
railings conforming to one of the following:

**(a)** Boiled linseed oil ASTM D 260, type I or II

**(b)** Petroleum spirits (mineral spirits) ASTM D 235

**725.15 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe for Water Distribution Systems.**
Conform to the following for the designated sizes and strength
schedules:

**(a)** PVC pipe ASTM D 1785

**(b)** Solvent cement for pipe and fittings ASTM D 2564

**725.16 Polyethylene (PE) Pipe for Water Distribution Systems.**
Conform to ASTM D 2447 for the designated sizes and strength schedules.

**725.17 Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings.** Conform to ASTM A 74, class
SV for the designated sizes.

**725.18 Seamless Copper Water Tube and Fittings.** Conform to ASTM B
88M, type L for the designated sizes.

**725.19 Plastic Lining.** Furnish a film or fabric that is serviceable
for the duration of the installation.

**725.20 Lignosulfonate.** Furnish a water solution with a base cation
of ammonia, calcium, or sodium. Conform to the following:

**(a)** Solids^(1)^ 50%

**(b)** Specific gravity 1.25

**(c)** pH, AASHTO T 289 4.5 min.

**Note:** (1) Determine the percentage of solids according to the
modified Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Standard T
650‑TM-84 or by a specific gravity/percent solids versus temperature
graph that correlates with the standard.

**725.21 Epoxy Resin Adhesives.** Conform to AASHTO M 235.

**725.22 Grout.** Furnish grout mixtures conforming to the following for
the type or types specified in the contract.

**(a) Expansive hydraulic sanded cement grout.** Furnish a mixture of
hydraulic cement, fine aggregate, water, expansive admixture, and/or
pozzolan, or additional admixtures, conforming to the following:

**(1)** 7-day compressive strength, AASHTO T 106 4 MPa

**(2)** Flow (time of efflux), ASTM C 939 16s to 26s

**Note:** A more fluid mix, having a flow cone time of efflux of 9 to 15
seconds, may be used during the initial injection.

Submit the following with the production certification:

• Current material certifications for the hydraulic cement, fine
aggregate, expansive admixture, and other grout additives; and

• Independent laboratory test results for 1-day, 3-day, and 7-day
strengths, flow cone times, shrinkage and expansion observed, and time
of initial set.

**(b) Polymer grout.** Furnish a polymer binder and fine aggregate in
the proportions recommended by the polymer manufacturer with a minimum
compressive strength of 25 megapascals in 4 hours.

**(c) Nonshrink grout.** Conform to ASTM C 1107.

**(d) Grout for Post-Tensioned Structures.** Conform to the requirements
of the *PTI Guide Specification for Grouting of Post-Tensioned
Structures.*

**(e) Sanded Hydraulic Cement Grout for Miscellaneous Applications.**
Furnish 1 part hydraulic cement and 3 parts sand. Thoroughly mix with
water to produce a thick, creamy consistency.

**(f) Neat hydraulic cement grout.** Furnish a grout consisting of a
mixture of hydraulic cement, water, and admixtures. Do not exceed a
water/cement ratio of 0.44. Fly ash, if used, shall not exceed 20% of
the cement by weight. Admixtures to reduce water content, improve the
flowability, control bleeding, or control shrinkage may be added
according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Admixtures shall be
free of chlorides, fluorides, sulphites, and nitrates.

**725.23 Reserved.**

**725.24 Color Coating.** Furnish a semiopaque colored toner containing
methyl methacrylate‑ethyl acrylate copolymer resins or equivalent
resins, solvents, and color‑toning pigments suspended in solution by a
chemical suspension agent. The color-toning pigments shall consist of
laminar silicates, titanium dioxide, and inorganic oxides. Conform to
the following:

**(a)** Mass per liter, ASTM D 1475 38 kg min.

**(b)** Solids by mass, ASTM D 2369 30% min.

**(c)** Solids by volume 21% min.

**(d)** Drying time, ASTM D 1640 30 minutes at 21 ºC

> and 50% max. humidity

**(e)** Color change, ASTM D 822, 1000 h No appreciable change

**(f)** Resistance to acids, alkalies, gasoline, Excellent

and mineral spirits, ASTM D 543

**(g)** Water vapor transmission from interior Transmittable

concrete, ASTM D 1653

**(h)** Exterior moisture absorption into the Reduces rate

concrete surface pores, FSS TT‑C‑555

**(i)** Oxidation over time None

**725.25 Explosives and Blasting Accessories.** Only use explosives and
initiating devices less than 1-year old. Explosives and initiating
devices include, but are not necessarily limited to, dynamite and other
high explosives, slurries, water gels, emulsions, blasting agents,
initiating explosives, detonators, and detonating cord.

**725.26 Mineral Slurry (Drillers Mud).** Furnish commercially available
sodium bentonite or attapulgite in potable water. Use a mineral grain
size that remains in suspension with sufficient viscosity and gel
characteristics, so the mixture is capable of transporting excavated
material to a suitable screening system.

**725.27 Form Liner.** Furnish a high quality product that attaches
easily to the forming system. Install the form liner so it does not
compress more than 6 millimeters at a concrete pour rate of 3650
kilograms per square meter.

**725.28 Aluminum-Impregnated Caulking Compound.** Conform to FSS
TT-C-598, grade 1.

**725.29 Reinforcing Fibers.** Use deformed steel or fibrillated
polypropylene fibers conforming to ASTM C 1116.