### **ITEM P-156 TEMPORARY AIR AND WATER POLLUTION, SOIL EROSION, AND SILTATION CONTROL**

DESCRIPTION

**156-1.1**  This item shall consist of temporary control measures as
shown on the plans or as ordered by the Engineer during the life of a
contract to control water pollution, soil erosion, and siltation through
the use of berms, dikes, dams, sediment basins, fiber mats, gravel,
mulches, grasses, slope drains, and other erosion control devices or
methods.

The temporary erosion control measures contained herein shall be
coordinated with the permanent erosion control measures specified as
part of this contract to the extent practical to assure economical,
effective, and continuous erosion control throughout the construction
period.

Temporary control may include work outside the construction limits such
as borrow pit operations, equipment and material storage sites, waste
areas, and temporary plant sites.

MATERIALS

**156-2.1 GRASS.**  Grass that will not compete with the grasses sown
later for permanent cover shall be a quick‑growing species (such as
ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, or cereal grasses) suitable to the area
providing a temporary cover.

**156-2.2 MULCHES.** Mulches may be hay, straw, fiber mats, netting,
bark, wood chips, or other suitable material reasonably clean and free
of noxious weeds and deleterious materials.

**156-2.3 FERTILIZER.**  Fertilizer shall be a standard commercial grade
and shall conform to all Federal and state regulations and to the
standards of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists.

**156-2.4 SLOPE DRAINS.**  Slope drains may be constructed of pipe,
fiber mats, rubble, portland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, or
other materials that will adequately control erosion.

**156-2.5 OTHER.**  All other materials shall meet commercial grade
standards and shall be approved by the Engineer before being
incorporated into the project.

CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

**156-3.1 GENERAL.**  In the event of conflict between these
requirements and pollution control laws, rules, or regulations of other
Federal, state, or local agencies, the more restrictive laws, rules, or
regulations shall apply.

The Engineer shall be responsible for assuring compliance to the extent
that construction practices, construction operations, and construction
work are involved.

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> **Some states, municipalities, and pollution control authorities have
> very specific regulations for air and water pollution controls.  These
> may include requirements for:**
>
> **Use of smoke density charts.**
>
> **Measurement of weight and density (micrograms per cubic meter of
> air) of suspended particulate.**
>
> **Permissible weights of emission in pounds per hour (kilograms per
> hour) versus pounds per hour (kilograms per hour) of material
> processed.**
>
> **Open burning.**
>
> **Erosion control measures.**

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**156-3.2 SCHEDULE.**  Prior to the start of construction, the
Contractor shall submit schedules for accomplishment of temporary and
permanent erosion control work, as are applicable for clearing and
grubbing; grading; construction; paving; and structures at
watercourses.  The Contractor shall also submit a proposed method of
erosion and dust control on haul roads and borrow pits and a plan for
disposal of waste materials.  Work shall not be started until the
erosion control schedules and methods of operation for the applicable
construction have been accepted by the Engineer.

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> **Several methods of controlling dust and other air pollutants
> include:**
>
> **Exposing the minimum area of erodible earth.**
>
> **Applying temporary mulch with or without seeding.**
>
> **Using water sprinkler trucks.**
>
> **Using covered haul trucks.**
>
> **Using dust palliatives or penetration asphalt on haul roads.**
>
> **Using plastic sheet coverings.**

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**156-3.3 AUTHORITY OF ENGINEER.**  The Engineer has the authority to
limit the surface area of erodible earth material exposed by clearing
and grubbing, to limit the surface area of erodible earth material
exposed by excavation, borrow and fill operations, and to direct the
Contractor to provide immediate permanent or temporary pollution control
measures to minimize contamination of adjacent streams or other
watercourses, lakes, ponds, or other areas of water impoundment.

**156-3.4 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS.**  The Contractor will be required to
incorporate all permanent erosion control features into the project at
the earliest practicable time as outlined in the accepted schedule. 
Except where future construction operations will damage slopes, the
Contractor shall perform the permanent seeding and mulching and other
specified slope protection work in stages, as soon as substantial areas
of exposed slopes can be made available.  Temporary erosion and
pollution control measures will be used to correct conditions that
develop during construction that were not foreseen during the design
stage; that are needed prior to installation of permanent control
features; or that are needed temporarily to control erosion that
develops during normal construction practices, but are not associated
with permanent control features on the project.

Where erosion is likely to be a problem, clearing and grubbing
operations should be scheduled and performed so that grading operations
and permanent erosion control features can follow immediately thereafter
if the project conditions permit; otherwise, temporary erosion control
measures may be required between successive construction stages.

The Engineer will limit the area of clearing and grubbing, excavation,
borrow, and embankment operations in progress, commensurate with the
Contractor\'s capability and progress in keeping the finish grading,
mulching, seeding, and other such permanent control measures current in
accordance with the accepted schedule.  Should seasonal limitations make
such coordination unrealistic, temporary erosion control measures shall
be taken immediately to the extent feasible and justified.

In the event that temporary erosion and pollution control measures are
required due to the Contractor\'s negligence, carelessness, or failure
to install permanent controls as a part of the work as scheduled or are
ordered by the Engineer, such work shall be performed by the Contractor
at his/her own expense.

The Engineer may increase or decrease the area of erodible earth
material to be exposed at one time as determined by analysis of project
conditions.

The erosion control features installed by the Contractor shall be
acceptably maintained by the Contractor during the construction period.

Whenever construction equipment must cross watercourses at frequent
intervals, and such crossings will adversely affect the sediment levels,
temporary structures should be provided.

Pollutants such as fuels, lubricants, bitumen, raw sewage, wash water
from concrete mixing operations, and other harmful materials shall not
be discharged into or near rivers, streams, and impoundments or into
natural or manmade channels leading thereto.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

**156-4.1**  Temporary erosion and pollution control work required which
is not attributed to the Contractor\'s negligence, carelessness, or
failure to install permanent controls will be performed as scheduled or
ordered by the Engineer.  Completed and accepted work will be measured
as follows:

**a.**  Temporary seeding and mulching will be measured by the square
yard (square meter).

**b.**  Temporary slope drains will be measured by the linear foot
(meter).

**c.**  Temporary benches, dikes, dams, and sediment basins will be
measured by the cubic yard (cubic meter) of excavation performed,
including necessary cleaning of sediment basins, and the cubic yard
(cubic meter) of embankment placed at the direction of the Engineer, in
excess of plan lines and elevations.

**d.**  All fertilizing will be measured by the ton (kilogram).

**156-4.2**  Control work performed for protection of construction areas
outside the construction limits, such as borrow and waste areas, haul
roads, equipment and material storage sites, and temporary plant sites,
will not be measured and paid for directly but shall be considered as a
subsidiary obligation of the Contractor with costs included in the
contract prices bid for the items to which they apply.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

**156-5.1**  Accepted quantities of temporary water pollution, soil
erosion, and siltation control work ordered by the Engineer and measured
as provided in paragraph 156‑4.1 will be paid for under:

Item P‑156‑5.1 Temporary seeding and mulching---per square yard (square

meter)

Item P‑156‑5.2 Temporary slope drains---per linear foot (meter)

Item P‑156‑5.3 Temporary benches, dikes, dams and sediment basins---per

cubic yard (cubic meter)

Item P‑156‑5.4 Fertilizing---per ton (kilogram)

Where other directed work falls within the specifications for a work
item that has a contract price, the units of work shall be measured and
paid for at the contract unit price bid for the various items.

Temporary control features not covered by contract items that are
ordered by the Engineer will be paid for in accordance with Section
90‑05.

**END OF ITEM P-156**