D-1348 rev. F

Standard: Electrostatic Discharge Control

This standard implements the requirements of JPL SPI 4-11-7, Control of
Electrostatic Discharge,

JPL D-560, Flight Systems Safety Requirements, paragraph 4.2.9.1, and
JPL D-5357, Electronic

Parts Program Requirements for Flight Equipment, paragraph 7.5 of Appdx.
A and B.

Ionizers shall be calibrated by the JPL Calibration Lab (4-2981) using a

charge plate monitor and the method described in Calibration Procedure
SL0168, *Bench Top*

*Air Ionizer Performance Procedure.*

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| 1.0.                                                            | 7  |
| INTRODUCTION...............                                     |    |
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| 1.1                                                             | 7  |
| PURPOSE..................                                       |    |
| ..................\........................................\... | 7  |
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| 1.2.                                                            | 7  |
| SCOPE..................                                         |    |
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| > 1.3                                                           | 8  |
| > APPLICABILITY...............                                  |    |
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| > 1.4 REFERENCE                                                 |    |
| >                                                               |    |
| DOCUMENTS...................................................... |    |
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| 1.5                                                             |    |
| WAIVERS............\....                                        |    |
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| 2.0                                                             | 9  |
| REQUIREMENTS...............                                     |    |
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| 2.1                                                             | 9  |
| PURPOSE\...............                                         |    |
| ............................................................... | 9  |
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| 2.2                                                             | 9  |
| SCOPE..................                                         |    |
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| 2.3                                                             |    |
| REQUIREMENTS.....                                               |    |
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| 2.3.1 Personnel                                                 | 9  |
| Res                                                             |    |
| ponsibilities.................................................. | 10 |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.2 ESD Sensitivity                                           | 10 |
| Levels.........................................\..............  |    |
|                                                                 | 11 |
| 2.3.3 Personnel ESD Control Training and                        |    |
| Certification.....................                              | 11 |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.4 ESD Control Materials and                                 | 11 |
| Equipment...................................                    |    |
|                                                                 | 12 |
| 2.3.5 ESD Related                                               |    |
| Consultation/Questions\.                                        | 13 |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 | 14 |
| 2.3.6 ESD Protected                                             | 15 |
| Areas\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\                      |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... | 15 |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.7 ESD Control                                               | 15 |
| Surveys\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..                      |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... | 16 |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.8 Static Generating                                         | 16 |
| Sources\...\...\...\...\...\...\.                               |    |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... | 17 |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.9                                                           | 17 |
| Grou                                                            |    |
| nding\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\. | 18 |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 | 18 |
| 2.3.10 Personnel                                                |    |
| Grounding\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\                  | 18 |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 | 19 |
| 2.3.11 Wrist                                                    |    |
| Straps\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.    | 19 |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 | 19 |
| 2.3.12 ESD Safe                                                 |    |
| Footwear-*OPTIONAL*\...\...\                                    | 19 |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 | 19 |
| 2.3.13 ESD Safe                                                 |    |
| Flooring-*OPTIONAL*\...\...\.                                   | 19 |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 | 20 |
| 2.3.14 Work Surfaces, Tables, and                               |    |
| Benches\..                                                      | 20 |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 | 20 |
| 2.3.15 Garments, Smocks and Bunny                               |    |
| Suits\...\                                                      | 21 |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.16 Stools, Chairs and Other                                 |    |
| Furniture\...\..                                                |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.17 Hand                                                     |    |
| Tools\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\  |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.18 AC Powered                                               |    |
| Tools\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\                  |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.19 Relative Humidity                                        |    |
| Limits\...\...\...\...\...\...\..                               |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.20 Air                                                      |    |
| Ionization-*OPTIONAL*\...\...\...\...\...\...\                  |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.21. Computer Monitors and Video                             |    |
| Dis                                                             |    |
| plays\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.22. Gloves and Finger                                       |    |
| Cots-*OPTIONAL*\..                                              |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.23. Adhesive Tape and Tacky                                 |    |
| Mats\...\...\...\.                                              |    |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.24 Grounding of Support and Test                            |    |
| Equipment\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....  |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.25. Tooling and                                             |    |
| Fixtures\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\                   |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.26. Environmental Test                                      |    |
| Chambers\...\...\...\...\                                       |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.27. Interconnect                                            |    |
| Cables\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..                   |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| > 2.3.28 Cleaning and Coating                                   |    |
| > Operations\...\...\.                                          |    |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
| >                                                               |    |
| > 2.3.29 ESD Protective                                         |    |
| > Packaging\...\...\...\...\...\...\                            |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
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| 2.3.30. Pink-Polyethylene                                       | 21 |
| (pink-poly)\...\...\...\...\                                    |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... | 21 |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.31. Packing and Filler                                      | 22 |
| Materials\...\...\...\...\...\                                  |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... | 22 |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.32.                                                         | 22 |
| Recei                                                           |    |
| ving\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.. | 22 |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 | 22 |
| 2.3.33. Receiving                                               |    |
| Inspection\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\                 | 22 |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 | 22 |
| 2.3.34. Exposure of ESDS                                        |    |
| Items\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\                              | 23 |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 | 23 |
| 2.3.35. Storage of ESDS                                         |    |
| Items\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..                            | 23 |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 | 23 |
| 2.3.36. Movements and Handling of ESDS                          |    |
| Items\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...   | 23 |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.37                                                          | 24 |
| Pr                                                              |    |
| ocurement\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\. | 24 |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.38. Waste                                                   |    |
| Receptacles\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\            |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.39. Topical Anti-Static Sprays and                          |    |
| Cle                                                             |    |
| aners\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.40. Plastic                                                 |    |
| Notebooks\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..            |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.41. Plastic Connector Dust                                  |    |
| Caps\...\...\...\...\...\                                       |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.42. Plastic Wash and Pumper                                 |    |
| Bottles\...\...\.                                               |    |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.43. Conductive Hand                                         |    |
| Lotion\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\                             |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.44. ESD Control Web                                         |    |
| Page\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..                             |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 2.3.45. Records and Records                                     |    |
| Maintenance\...\..                                              |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
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| 2.4 QUALITY                                                     | 24 |
| ASSURANCE\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\              |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
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| 3.0 CONTRACTOR                                                  | 25 |
| REQUIREMENTS\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..                 |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
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| 3.1                                                             | 25 |
| PURPOSE\...\...\..                                              |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\. | 25 |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 | 25 |
| 3.2                                                             |    |
| SCOPE\...\...\...\...\.                                         | 25 |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\ |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... | 25 |
|                                                                 |    |
| 3.3                                                             | 26 |
| APPLICAB                                                        |    |
| ILITY\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\. | 26 |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 | 26 |
| 3.4                                                             |    |
| RESP                                                            | 26 |
| ONSIBILITIES\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.. |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 3.5 ESD CONTROL                                                 |    |
| PLAN\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.              |    |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 3.6 MATERIALS AND                                               |    |
| EQUIPMENT\...\...\...\...\...\.                                 |    |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| 3.7                                                             |    |
| I                                                               |    |
| MPLEMENTATION\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\. |    |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| > 3.8 ESD CONTROL                                               |    |
| > AUTHORITY\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\                        |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
| >                                                               |    |
| > 3.9 QUALITY                                                   |    |
| > ASSURANCE\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\            |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... |    |
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|                                                                 |    |
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| APPENDIX A. EXAMPLE VISITOR'S ESD BRIEFING                      | 28 |
| \.                                                              |    |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... | 29 |
|                                                                 |    |
| APPENDIX B. STANDARD                                            | 35 |
| DEFINITIONS\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\                        |    |
| ...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... | 37 |
|                                                                 |    |
| APPENDIX C. ESD CONTROL                                         | 39 |
| SURVEYS\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.                           |    |
| ..\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... | 42 |
|                                                                 |    |
| APPENDIX D. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND ESD CONTROL CERTIFICATIONS.. |    |
| APPENDIX E. ESD CAUTION AND WARNING                             |    |
| STICKERS\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....   |    |
|                                                                 |    |
| APPENDIX F. EXAMPLE TEST                                        |    |
| LOG                                                             |    |
| ..............................\...\............................ |    |
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|                                                                 |    |
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| Figure 2-1 Example of an ESD protected                          | 2  |
| workstation\...\..                                              | -5 |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... |    |
|                                                                 | 2  |
| Figure 2-2 Example of an ESD safe work                          | -8 |
| surface\...\...\...\..                                          |    |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... | 2  |
|                                                                 | -8 |
| Figure 2-3 Acceptable use of metal work                         |    |
| surfaces\...\...\...\..                                         | 2- |
| .\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... | 11 |
|                                                                 |    |
| Figure 2-4 Minimum requirements for an ESD protective           |    |
| container\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\....              |    |
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Comments and Recommendations

The JPL ESD Control Engineer within the Quality Assurance Office 512 has
developed this standard. Users of this standard having beneficial
comments (recommendations, additions, deletions, etc.) for change in
this document are encouraged to forward their comments to:

ESD Control Engineer

Mail stop 83-204

Please be as specific as possible about particular problem areas, such
as wording that requires interpretations, is too rigid, restrictive,
loose, ambiguous, or incompatible, and give proposed wording changes
which would alleviate the problem. Additionally, statements not related
to a specific existing paragraph of the standard may be submitted for
consideration.

If your name and mail stop are included, an acknowledgment will be
mailed to you within 30 days to let you know that your comments were
received and are being considered.

Background

This document, "*JPL Standard for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Control*," establishes the requirements for protection of electronic
parts and assemblies against ESD during the various stages of product
development. This document is released and maintained by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ESD Control Engineer within the Quality
Assurance Office, Section 512.

ESD is a prevalent and dangerous problem affecting modern electronic
parts and systems. It is estimated that ESD accounts for losses over
\$40 billion worldwide each year. ESD is the sudden transfer of
electrical charge between two objects at different potentials. Almost
everyone has experienced ESD. One example occurs when you, wearing
shoes, walk across a carpet and touch a conductive object, such as a
metal doorknob. The "zap" that you feel and hear is a form of ESD.

The human body or other conductive objects can become electrostatically
charged if not properly grounded. If this charge comes in contact with,
or passes near an ESD sensitive (ESDS) device, ESD damage can occur.
Charge is not localized on the surface of a conductor, but is spread out
uniformly over the conductor's surface. Thus, surprisingly low voltages
are capable of damaging ESDS devices.

Cathode ray tubes and other high voltage electric devices can create
high electrical field potentials. Moving an ESDS device through such a
field can induce current to flow through the device causing damage, even
if the device does not come in contact with the charged surface. In
addition, grounding a device that has become charged in an external
electrostatic field can cause damage.

The structures on modern devices are vanishingly small. Very small
charges accumulated on conductive elements of a device can exceed the
breakdown potential of the insulating layers or the air gaps between
them, causing the device to destroy itself. The presence of mechanical
damage, such as fine scratches or contaminants within and on the surface
of the device tend to increase its' ESD sensitivity.

Conductive, static dissipative and insulative materials in the work
place can become charged due to the triboelectric effect. These must be
controlled to below damaging potentials through the use of grounding in
the case of conductive and dissipative materials, or through the use of
air ionization for insulative materials.

Where the static safe work place is in a clean room, the requirements of
contamination control may place restrictions on the approaches that
might ordinarily be available for controlling ESD.

The smallest ESD event most people can detect is about 3,000 volts. This
same voltage, when applied to an ESDS device, can result in catastrophic
failure. Some parts are severely damaged by ESD events of tens of volts.
Thus, many damaging ESD events are not noticeable.

Once a part has been "zapped", the internal damage may lead to many
types of failures. First, very low-level ESD events can interrupt the
operation of microprocessors or can corrupt recorded data. A
catastrophic failure occurs when the damage is sufficient to cause the
permanent failure of the component: the part does not work. A parametric
failure is one where a part has been damaged, but the damage is
insufficient to cause a catastrophic failure. The part works, but not
perfectly. An example of a parametric failure is a microprocessor that
works correctly at one speed, but shows problems at higher speeds. The
part may continue to partially operate, have intermittent problems, or
fail in the future. Both the catastrophic and parametric failures are
usually found during product testing, where isolation and replacement is
possible. Correcting these failures often results in increased costs and
schedule delays.

Some electronic parts may be exposed to ESD levels that cause only minor
internal damage. If the amount of damage is insufficient to cause either
a catastrophic or parametric failure, the damage remains latent (hidden)
and the part continues to operate as designed. Parts with latent damage
are sometimes referred to as the "walking wounded." The latent damage
remains undetected during routine system testing and product
development. However, after time and use, the damage leads to early
failure. This failure is referred to as a latent defect because it
occurred well after the ESD event. Latent failures may occur from
minutes to years after the initial ESD event.

Manufacturers sometimes classify latent failures as field returns or
warranty repairs, since they occurred after product delivery. These
failures often result in customer dissatisfaction and increased costs to
the manufacturer. However, depending upon the type and location of the
products, the repair of a latent failed part may be impossible. This is
the case for the majority of the products developed by JPL, since these
products are spacecraft. A latent failure on a launched spacecraft could
reduce the mission accomplishments or lead to possible loss of a
mission. Thus, the need to control ESD to prevent catastrophic,
parametric, and latent ESD failures is crucial to the success of JPL
projects.

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this document is to define the minimum requirements for
protection against electrostatic overstress (EOS) or electrostatic
discharge (ESD) damage to ESD sensitive (ESDS) devices. The ESD
sensitivity of modern electronic devices continues to increase.
Procedures, which may have afforded adequate protection for devices in
the past, may no longer be sufficient. Sources of ESD damage include the
human body, tools and workstations, indirect materials, and the device
itself. This document defines procedures for coping with each of these
sources of ESD damage and provides guidance for implementing and
maintaining the JPL ESD control program. Included are methods and
materials used to protect ESDS items, techniques for identifying such
materials and methods for approving and monitoring designated ESD safe
facilities.

1.2 Scope

This document applies to any ESDS electrical or electronic part,
assembly or equipment that is received, inspected, kitted, stocked,
processed, assembled, installed, packaged, labeled, serviced, tested,
transported, removed or repaired at JPL facilities and JPL satellite
facilities, and other locations as described in Section 1.3,
Applicability.

1.3 Applicability

The requirements stated in this standard are applicable to all
electronic ESDS parts, assemblies and equipment designated as
engineering model, flight hardware, ground support equipment or deep
space network. This document applies to devices with human body model
ESD sensitivity down to 20 volts.

*Note: This document does not apply to Electrically Initiated Explosive
Devices (EED). These are covered with other pyros in "Explosives,
Propellants, and Pyrotechnics," Rules! 42517.*

Types of ESDS discrete parts include, but are not limited to, the
following:

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  BJTs (bipolar junction transistors) MMIC (monolithic microwave
                                      integrated circuit)

  CCDs (charge-coupled devices)       MOS (metal oxide semiconductor)

  CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide     MCMs (multichip modules)
  semiconductor) devices              

  GaAs (gallium arsenide) devices     Oscillators

  Hybrid microcircuits                Operational amplifiers

  Integrated circuits                 Piezoelectric crystals

  JFETs (junction field-effect        Resistor networks/chips
  transistors)                        

  Microwave devices                   Silicon rectifiers

  MEMS (micro electromechanical       Small signal diodes
  systems)                            

  MLC (multilayer ceramic)            Thin/thick film resistors
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

This standard applies to JPL operational areas, contractor facilities,
field test sites and launch sites, while the equipment in question
remains under JPL control. It also applies to equipment acquired from
other sources over which JPL retains contractual or administrative
control. Some "Black Box" equipment is delivered to JPL from external
sources that are not under JPL project controls. The requirements of
this standard do not apply to equipment not under JPL project control,
unless specific ESD control requirements are delivered with the Black
Box equipment when it is transferred to JPL control. Where ESD control
requirements for delivered equipment are stricter than the requirements
of D-1348, the stricter requirements shall apply.

1.4 References

ANSI/EOS/ESD S1.1: Wrist Straps

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM2.1: Garments

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM3.1: Ionization

ANSI/EOS/ESD SP3.3: Periodic Verification of Air Ionizers

ANSI/EOS/ESD S4.1: Worksurfaces \-- Resistance Measurements

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM4.2: ESD Protective Worksurfaces - Charge Dissipation
Characteristics

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM5.1: Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Testing \--
Human Body Model (HBM) Component Level

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM5.2: Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity Testing \--
Machine Model (MM) Component Level

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM5.3: Charged Device Model (CDM) \-- Component Level

ANSI/EOS/ESD S6.1: Grounding \-- Recommended Practice

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM 7.1: Resistive Characterization of Materials \-- Floor
Materials

ANSI/EOS/ESD S8.1: Symbols \-- ESD Awareness

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM 9.1: Footwear \-- Resistive Characterization

ANSI/EOS/ESD SP10.1: Automated Handling Equipment (AHE)

AMSI/EOS/ESD STM 11.11: Surface Resistance Measurement of Static
Dissipative Planar Materials)

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM11.31: Bags

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM12.1: Seating-Resistive Measurement

AMSI/EOS/ESD STM13.1: Electrical Soldering/Desoldering Hand Tools

ANSI/EOS/ESD STM97.1: Floor Materials and Footwear \-- Resistance
Measurement in Combination with a Person

QAP 61.12 Packing and Unpacking ESD Sensitive Hardware

QAP 144.2 [Control of Nonconforming Product,
Rev. C](http://dmie.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocRevID=63263)

QAP 141.10 [JPL Inspection Report,
Rev. K](http://dmie.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocRevID=77603)

[Explosives Propellents and Pyrotechnics (4-08-84),
Rev. 0](http://dmie.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocRevID=62806)

[Flight Project Practices,
Rev. 5](http://dmie.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocRevID=89790)

1.5 Waivers

Once program/project or instrument managers have made commitments to the
use of specific ESD requirements through documentation in appropriate
plans, deviations from those plans require waivers approved by the
program/project or instrument manager and the concurrence of the JPL ESD
Control Engineer.

2.0 Requirements

2.1 Purpose

The purpose of this section is to provide specific requirements of the
ESD control program, including a description of the tasks, activities
and procedures necessary to protect ESDS items, identification of
organizational responsibilities, and a listing of the ESD protective
materials and equipment used in the control program.

2.2 Scope

This section applies to all hardware meeting the criteria identified in
Section 1.3, Applicability.

2.3 Requirements

2.3.1 Personnel Responsibilities

*Facility Supervisor*. The facility supervisor for each work location to
which this standard is applicable, are responsible for the following:

-   Provide the materials, furnishings and equipment necessary for
    compliance with the requirements of this section.

-   Maintain ESD controls and equipment through the duration of ESDS
    equipment operations.

-   Maintain ESD control disciplines in the subject areas.

a.  *Cognizant Engineer*. Cognizant engineers are responsible for
    ensuring that ESD controls are appropriate for the ESDS items under
    their control. This shall include determination of the Human Body
    Model (HBM) and/or the Machine Model (MM) and/or Charged Device
    Model (CDM) ESD sensitivity level of the devices, as appropriate.
    This may be determined by experimentation, by use of the supplier's
    knowledge of the ESD sensitivity of the device, or by estimation
    based on comparison to devices of similar design. (See Section
    2.3.2, ESD Sensitivity Levels.)

b.  *Operating Personnel*. Personnel working with ESDS items are
    responsible for the implementation of requirements and constraints
    identified in this section.

c.  *Quality Assurance Representatives*. QA representatives are
    responsible for the ESD Control Surveys of the controlled areas and
    control systems. They are also responsible for monitoring personnel
    to ensure compliance with the ESD control measures of this standard.

d.  *ESD Control Engineer*. The ESD Control Engineer shall have the
    overall responsibility for the ESD Control program including:
    oversight, analysis, and development of ESD requirements and
    constraints, including the specifications and publications necessary
    to implement them. These responsibilities include:

-   Maintain and revise the JPL Standard for ESD Control, JPL D-1348.

-   Investigate, monitor, and evaluate the effectiveness of the ESD
    control program.

-   Recommend additional or revised criteria, control techniques and
    standards relevant to ESD problems.

-   Prepare ESD control training used in the QA certification classes.

-   Provide services to investigate and resolve ESD hazards from
    equipment, including facilities, processing, testing, transportation
    storage, etc.

-   Maintain an ESD test lab to approve ESD control materials used at
    JPL.

-   Investigate ESD induced failures.

-   Provide technical support to QA staff and technical divisions.

2.3.2 ESD Sensitivity Levels

ESD sensitivity (ESDS) levels of devices are determined using three
different models. In the human body model (HBM) the discharge is from a
charged, 100 picoFarad (pF) capacitor through a 1,500 ohm resistor. In
the machine model (MM), the discharge is from a charged, 200 pF
capacitor through nil resistance. In the charged device model (CDM), the
device is placed in an external electrostatic field and the device is
then grounded.

The HBM ESDS of a device is critical where people will be handling the
device and is the most commonly specified. The MM ESDS is critical where
the device will come in contact with ungrounded conductors that may be
charged and is important where tooling is a likely source. The CDM ESDS
is critical when the device may be exposed to external electrostatic
fields.

Three levels of HBM ESDS devices are defined for the purpose of this
specification: these levels affect the selection of ESD control
technology and performance in the ESD protected work place. The
performance required for air ionizers for three levels of HBM ESD
sensitivity are defined in Table 1.

Table 1. HBM ESD Sensitivity Levels and Selection and Performance of Air
Ionization

  ------------------ ------------ ---------------------------- -----------
  HBM ESD            Air          Discharge Time               Float
  Sensitivity        Ionization                                Potential

  \>200 V            Optional     ± 1000 to \< ± 100 V in \<   \< ± 100 V
                                  45 sec.                      

  \<200 to \>50 V    Optional     ± 1000 to \< ± 50 V in \< 20 \< ± 50 V
                                  sec.                         

  \<50 V             Mandatory    ± 1000 to \< ± 20 V in \< 20 \< ± 20 V
                                  sec.                         
  ------------------ ------------ ---------------------------- -----------

2.3.3 Personnel ESD Control Training and Certification

All personnel who have access to an ESD controlled area must be trained
and certified. Further, a QA Representative may revoke the certification
of any personnel "who exhibit poor attention to ESD controls." To
request information regarding ESD Control Certification, contact the JPL
Training and Certification Center, Mail Stop 83-204.

a*. All Personnel*. Initial and recurrent ESD control training is
required of all personnel who have access to an ESD protected work area.
Training shall be performed by the JPL QA Training Center, with
retraining not to exceed two years. Personnel shall possess a QA
Training and Certification Card. Recertification is available by
attending the certification class. Personnel who exhibit poor attention
to ESD controls may be decertified by QA personnel.

b\. *ESD Control Auditors*. QA representatives, who are assigned the
responsibility of performing ESD surveys, require certification in "ESD
Control Auditor" training: recertification is required every two years.

Examples of both the "ESD Control" and "ESD Control Auditor" training
and certification cards are shown in Appendix D.

2.3.4 ESD Control Materials and Equipment

ESD control materials and equipment must be obtained from the approved
materials list, which is available on the ESD Control web page:
<http://eis.jpl.nasa.gov/qa/esd/>. The JPL ESD Control Engineer must
approve materials and equipment deemed necessary for use that are not
pre-approved on the ESD Control web page before they are used.

2.3.5 ESD Related Consultation/Questions

The techniques and methods to control most forms of ESD are fully
described within this standard. If conditions arise where further
assistance is needed, the user should contact the assigned QA
representative for the specific program or project or the [ESD Control
Engineer](mailto:Roger.W.Welker@jpl.nasa.gov), MS 83-204.

2.3.6 ESD Protected Areas

All handling of ESDS parts, assemblies and equipment without
ESD-protective covering or packaging shall be performed within ESD
protected areas. An ESD-protected area may be a single workstation,
laboratory, room, building or any area with pre-designated boundaries
that contain materials and equipment designed to limit damage by
electrostatic discharge. Personnel access to ESD-protected areas shall
be controlled using locked entries. Access to the protected area shall
be limited to personnel who have current ESD control certification.

Personnel who occasionally enter ESD protected areas (e.g., custodians,
maintenance, security) are not required to have ESD control training but
must be authorized by the facility manager or the cognizant engineer, be
briefed on ESD control procedures and be continuously escorted by ESD
certified personnel while within the ESD-protected area. A minimal ESD
control briefing is included in Appendix A.

An ESD protected area shall extend a minimum of one meter surrounding
ESDS items and be clearly designated as such by signs or warning floor
tape. The one-meter requirement does not apply where access to the work
station is physically precluded by wall, cabinets, benches, or any
object that prevents contact with ESDS items at the work station. ESD
CAUTION signs or floor tape designating the area as "ESD-protected"
shall be used and be clearly visible to personnel prior to entry to the
protected area. The JPL CAUTION placard, Form 11009, is shown in
Appendix E.

2.3.7 ESD Control Surveys

Work areas where ESD sensitive electronic devices are being handled must
be surveyed and approved. To request an ESD survey, contact the [JPL ESD
Control Office](mailto:Roger.W.Welker@jpl.nasa.gov), Mail Stop 83-204.

The following, or ESD Control Engineer approved equivalent, calibrated
equipment shall be used by the QA representative to conduct ESD surveys
and audits:

*Note: Only the calibrated kits controlled by the ESD Control Office may
be used for surveys.*

1\. ProSTAT (Professional Static Control Products) PCK-40 ESD
Coordinators Kit,

Containing:

-   ProSTAT PFM-711A Electrostatic Fieldmeter (upgrade)

-   ProSTAT PHT-770 Hygro-Thermometer

-   ProSTAT PMM-810 Digital Multimeter

-   ProSTAT PSI-870 Surface Resistance/Resistivity Indicator

-   ProSTAT PMT-872 Wrist Strap/Footwear Checker

-   ProSTAT AC Outlet Tester

Use of the kit is also enhanced with the following instrument:

2\. IonSystems Model 775-PVS Periodic Verification System.

*JPL Facilities*. Prior to any exposure of an ESDS item that is not
protected within a JPL facility, lab, room or workstation, the QA
representative responsible for performing ESD surveys shall survey the
area. The QA representative shall be trained and certified as an "ESD
Control Auditor" by the JPL QA Training Center and have a current
Certification card as shown in Appendix D. The survey shall verify that
the area and its operating personnel comply with the applicable
mandatory and optional requirements of this specification. ESD control
surveys shall be reported using the ESD Control Survey Report, JPL Form
\# 2731 (a PDF version is available at
http://eis.jpl.nasa.gov/quality/qadc/templates/esdsurvey2731.pdf). The
ESD Control Survey process, as defined in Appendix C, shall be followed.

b\. *ESD Control Certification*. Upon closure of the ESD Control Survey,
the ESD Control Engineer shall issue an ESD Control Certificate (JPL
Form #10005). A sample of the ESD Control Certificate is shown in
Appendix D. The QA representative shall ensure that the ESD Control
Certification is posted in plain view at the entrance to the surveyed
facility, laboratory or workstation outside the outermost locked
entrance to the facility.

The ESD Control Certificate contains space for the entry of five
different surveys for the same location. For cases when multiple
projects use a common facility, each project shall have its own unique
survey and survey number and shall be so annotated on the ESD Control
Certificate. Where multiple projects use a common facility, the facility
shall conform to the requirements of the most ESD sensitive project.

Flagrant violations or repeated failures to observe ESD control
requirements shall be considered grounds for decertification of the
project. The QA representative shall issue "Stop Work" orders until
problems are corrected. Problems shall be noted on an Inspection Report
form per QAP 141.10. The QA representative shall notify the facility
supervisor and program/project personnel in writing that the
certification has been canceled. This notice shall include details of
the ESD control violations. Once the problems have been corrected, a
repeat ESD survey shall be performed.

c.  *ESD Control Survey Recertification*. ESD Control Survey
    recertification is required when at least one of the following
    criteria occurs:

-   A facility has been unused for three months or more.

-   One year has elapsed since the last ESD Control Survey.

-   Rearrangement that has changed the physical layout of the area.

-   The ESD Control Survey certification for the area has been
    cancelled.

d\. *Contractor Facilities*. The contractor shall designate an "ESD
responsible person" for ESD control measures within the facility. Prior
to ESDS items delivery into that facility, an ESD Control Survey of that
facility shall be conducted by the contractor's ESD responsible person
and QA personnel responsible for the area to be surveyed. The survey
shall be conducted as specified in Section 3 and Appendix C of this
standard.

e\. *Abandonment of Facilities.* When a facility is no longer in use by
a project as an ESD protected work area, it shall be abandoned. When an
area is abandoned, the ESD control certificate (JPL form 10005) shall
either be removed or, in the case where multiple projects use the same
certification label, the line containing the certification for the
project abandoning the area shall be obliterated.

2.3.8 Static Generating Sources

All nonessential items, such as coffee cups, food wrappers, plastic bags
and personal items shall be removed from the ESD-protected work area.
Essential materials/items used in the normal/intended manner within one
meter of unprotected ESDS items shall not generate voltages greater than
specified in Table 1. Electrostatic field meters shall be used to check
for such voltages.

Operations, materials, or equipment generating voltages greater than
specified in Table 1 within one meter of *unprotected* ESDS items shall
be neutralized. Work shall be stopped until the static source is
neutralized. Acceptable neutralization techniques include relocating the
object to a distance greater than one meter from ESDS items, using
static-dissipative materials and air ionization. Items that have been
relocated should be identified as static generators using warning
stickers found in Appendix D (JPL form \# 11010). The use of topical or
anti-static sprays is prohibited as a static-neutralizing method.

2.3.9 Grounding

Grounding shall be used to ensure that all ESDS items, personnel and
other conductors are at the same electrical potential. An ESD ground
shall be established for all ESD protective workstations and personnel
grounding systems located within ESD-protected areas. The ESD ground
shall be labeled (JPL form \# 11006 or 11006-1). The ESD ground shall be
securely connected to the facility ground. The resistance between the
ESD ground and the facility ground shall be less than one ohm. A
volt-ohm meter with a valid calibration sticker shall be used to verify
this resistance limit. Figure 2-1 illustrates a grounding method for an
ESD-protected workstation.

![](media/image1.png){width="5.25in" height="3.5006944444444446in"}

Figure 2-1. Example of Work Station Grounding

*Note: Establishing an ESD ground by direct connection to an
earth-grounding electrode is acceptable, providing the resistance
between the earth grounding electrode and the ESD ground shall not
exceed one ohm. When both the facility ground and earth ground are used,
they shall be connected together.*

2.3.10 Personnel Grounding

People are the greatest source of uncontrolled electrostatic discharge.
Thus, all personnel within one meter of *unprotected* ESDS items must be
grounded using an approved grounding device: either wrist straps or
groundable footwear. If groundable footwear is used as the *primary*
method for personnel grounding, a grounded flooring system is required.
When personnel sit at ESD-protective workstations, they must be
connected to the ESD ground using a wrist strap.

2.3.11 Wrist Straps

Wrist straps shall be used as the primary method to ground personnel
when within one meter of *unprotected* ESDS items. Wrist straps must be
worn in direct contact with the user's bare skin. Wearing a wrist strap
over clothing is prohibited. The ground connection end of the wrist
strap cord must be securely connected to the ESD ground. Wrist straps
must contain a 1 megohm ± 20% resistor.

*CAUTION: Cloth wrist straps are prohibited. Although these wrist straps
can ground personnel, they increase the risk of contamination. The
conductive fibers in the cuff can become dislodged, leading to possible
electrical shorting and/or contamination problems within electronic
assemblies.*

Each person handling ESDS items must electrically test their wrist strap
and coiled cord at the start of each work shift. Wrist straps shall be
tested while being worn. Only JPL calibrated touch-type "go/no-go" wrist
strap testers that check for a total system resistance may be used.
Wrist strap coiled cords that fail this test shall be discarded*.* A
wrist strap test log (see Appendix F for template) shall be used to
indicate that the wrist strap was checked each day that they are used.
The test log shall contain the wearer's name, building/room location,
date, and a check mark for each day's test. Continuous wrist strap
monitors are acceptable for use. When continuous monitors are used, a
wrist strap test log is not required.

2.3.12 ESD Safe Footwear-OPTIONAL

For personnel grounding, the use of ESD safe footwear in conjunction
with a grounded conductive, or static dissipative, flooring system is an
optional alternative to the wrist strap in situations where wrist straps
are inappropriate or unsafe for use.

ESD safe footwear consisting of heel or toe grounders, shoes or shoe
covers are acceptable for personnel grounding. A user is grounded only
when direct contact exists between the user's footwear device and a
grounded flooring system. The resistance from the person through the
footwear device and flooring system to ground shall be greater than 750
kilo ohm and less than 100 megohm. Dirt buildup on the footwear device
can affect conductivity to the floors or mats, so they shall be kept
acceptably clean. In conditions where groundable footwear is worn
footwear grounding devices must be worn on *both* feet.

Footwear shall not be used as the primary ground for seated personnel.

Each person handling ESDS items shall be capable of, and responsible
for, electrically testing their groundable footwear device at the start
of each work shift. Groundable footwear shall be tested while being
worn, with each foot tested separately. Only JPL calibrated "go/no-go"
footwear testers that check for a total system resistance shall be used.
Footwear devices that do not satisfy this resistance range shall be
discarded. A footwear test log (see Appendix F for template) shall be
used to indicate that the footwear strap was checked each day that they
are used. The footwear test log shall contain the wearer's name,
building/room location, date, and a check mark for each day's test.

*WARNING!!*

*[Possible electrical shock!!]{.underline} The lower resistance limit of
a personnel grounding device (PGD) is important to protect the user from
possible electrical shock. A person wearing a PGD containing less than
750 kilo ohms could place them at risk from electrical shock. The upper
resistance limit is also important since it ensures that each person is
discharged in a reasonable amount of time. PGDs must be tested before
use.*

2.3.13 Grounded Flooring-OPTIONAL

Grounded conductive or static dissipative floors or mats are an optional
technique to ground personnel and furniture. When used for personnel
grounding, flooring systems are only effective when used in conjunction
with groundable footwear such as heel straps, toe grounders or shoes.
The use of carpet in ESD controlled work areas is subject to the written
approval of the ESD control engineer. The use of floor wax or other
substances on an ESD protective floor is prohibited.

2.3.14 Work Surfaces, Tables, and Benches

The type of surface that contacts *unprotected* ESDS items must be
controlled. Tabletops, bench tops and other similar places where
unprotected ESDS items are placed, must be static-dissipative and must
be hard grounded. The surface resistivity shall be verified for each new
installation and during periodic ESD control surveys. Surfaces in
contact with unprotected ESDS devices must have surface resistivity
between 10^6^ and 10^12^ ohms/square. Static-dissipative tablemats and
benches must not be connected to others in series (daisy-chained). Each
tablemat or bench shall be connected directly to the ESD ground.
Excessively cut or damaged tablemats shall be discarded. An acceptable
method for supporting exposed ESDS items is shown in Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-3 illustrates an acceptable use of a hard-grounded work
surface. Hard-grounded work surfaces are acceptable only when there are
no exposed (i.e. unprotected) ESDS items.

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="5.186805555555556in"
height="3.602777777777778in"}

Figure 2-2. Example of an ESD Safe Work Surface

*Notes: For unprotected ESDS parts, the supporting surface must be
static-dissipative and hard grounded. A static-dissipative work surface
is one that has a surface resistively between 10^6^ and 10^12^
ohms/square.*

2.3.15 Garments, Smocks and Coverall Suits

Personnel clothing can be a source of static charge. All personnel
within one meter of ESDS items shall wear ESD protective smocks or
overall suits. Zippers or snaps shall close the smocks or overall suits.
Sleeves of personal clothing shall not protrude beyond the sleeve of the
ESD protective clothing. Protective clothing that has been ripped or cut
shall be repaired or discarded.

Only a laundry qualified to process ESD-protective garments shall
launder ESD-protective clothing. Home laundering of ESD-protective
clothing is prohibited. ESD-protective garments that exhibit static
voltages greater than those shown in Table 1 during normal/intended use
shall be removed from service.

2.3.16 Stools, Chairs and Other Furniture

Stools, chairs and other furniture that exhibit static voltages greater
than that shown in Table 1 during normal/intended use shall not be used
within one meter of unprotected ESDS items. Items failing these
conditions shall be labeled with warning stickers as shown in Appendix D
(JPL form \# 11010).

2.3.17 Hand Tools

Plastic handled hand tools such as screwdrivers, wire strippers and
pliers are acceptable for use near ESDS items.

*CAUTION: Wrapping hand tools (e.g. screwdrivers, wire strippers, etc.)
with conductive or static dissipative tape or other materials is
prohibited. Over time and use, contamination may shed, leading to
possible contamination problems within nearby assemblies.*

2.3.18 AC Powered Tools

All AC powered tools such as soldering irons, thermal wire strippers and
powered drivers, which may contact ESDS items, must be grounded. The
resistance between the portion of the tool that contacts the ESDS item
and the third wire ground shall not exceed twenty ohms. The voltage
between these points shall be less than 20 mV~ac~ (0.020 V~ac~). These
measurements shall be made under operating conditions (i.e., at
operating temperature and with a clean tip). These constraints apply
equally to soldering pots. A powered tool test log (see Appendix F for
template) shall be used to indicate that each soldering iron/wire
stripper used on ESD sensitive items is checked each day they are used.
The powered tool test log shall have as a minimum, the operator's name,
building/room, date, identification of the tool and a check mark to
indicate that the tool meets the voltage and resistance requirements.

2.3.19 Relative Humidity Limits

a\. Minimum Relative Humidity

The relative humidity shall be maintained above a minimum of 30% in
areas where ESD protection is a requirement. *If the relative humidity
cannot be maintained above 30%, work shall be stopped*. *Work can
continue if relative humidity falls below 30% in the work area only if
air-ionization is used.*

b.Maximum Relative Humidity

The maximum relative humidity limit is determined by the constraints of
the equipment and ESDS items within the area and shall be established by
the program/project personnel. Excessive humidity can cause problems
such as corrosion, possible leakage paths for high voltages and moisture
contamination within equipment. The relative humidity limits shall be
verified using JPL calibrated recording hygrometers. Some conditions may
occur in which enforcement of the relative humidity limits may be
waived. These conditions include:

-   Testing and/or processing of ESDS assemblies outdoors.

-   Testing and/or processing of ESDS assemblies in environmental test
    chambers and/or ovens.

-   System testing in which ESDS assemblies are safely protected against
    ESD.

2.3.20 Air Ionization

Air ionization is a technique to neutralize charges on insulators and
ungrounded conductors. When required, only air ionizers that contain a
current JPL calibration sticker shall be used. There shall be an
unrestricted, straight-line air-flow between the ionizer and the ESDS
items. The JPL ESD control lab, JPL IMTE lab, or outside vendor, shall
verify performance of air ionizers "in-place" per Metrology Group
Instruction SI-0363, Calibration Instruction for Air Ionizers. The
charge decay time and float potentials shall be as specified in Table 1.
Outside vendors may be used for repair of air ionizers.

CAUTION: An improperly adjusted air ionizer can actually charge ESDS
devices and lead to possible damage to the device. Only calibrated air
ionization systems shall be used.

2.3.21 Displays: Computer Monitors, Oscilloscopes and Other Displays

All displays producing electrostatic fields greater than that shown in
Table 1 shall be located at least one meter from ESDS items and be
labeled with an ESD warning sticker (JPL form \# 11010). This
requirement applies to all sides of the display, not just directly in
front. Where relocation is not feasible, displays shall be replaced or
shielded to meet the requirements of Table-1.

2.3.22 Gloves and Finger Cots - OPTIONAL

The use of gloves and finger cots is not mandatory. However, when
required, only gloves and finger cots made of approved
static-dissipative materials shall be used.

2.3.23 Adhesive Tape and Tacky Mats

Ordinary adhesive tapes such as duct tape, masking tape and cellophane
tape can be highly chargeable. Only approved tape shall be used near or
in direct contact with ESDS item. Peel tape slowly to avoid developing
electrostatic charge; the use of air ionizers is recommended.

Tacky mats shall not be used or stripped *within* three meters of ESDS
items.

2.3.24 Grounding of Support and Test Equipment

The chassis of all support and test equipment connected to ESDS
equipment shall be hard grounded using the third wire ground.

2.3.25 Tooling and Fixtures

Tooling and/or fixtures used to hold ESDS items during processing,
testing or storage shall be made of grounded conductive or static
dissipative materials. If conductive tooling is used, it shall not be
allowed to directly contact unprotected ESDS items. Exceptions are
allowed for tweezers, wire cutters and powered driver bits where they
are not available in static dissipative forms. Exceptions are allowed
for optical benches and other precision work surfaces where the use of
static dissipative treatments interfere with stability of alignment.

2.3.26 Environmental Test Chambers

All chambers, ovens and racks shall be constructed of metal and be hard
grounded. Unprotected ESDS items used in test chambers shall not be
allowed to directly contact hard grounded conductive surfaces (See
Figure 2-3).

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="5.198611111111111in"
height="3.6569444444444446in"}

Figure 2-3. Acceptable Use of Metal Work Surfaces

*Assembly A contains no exposed ESDS parts; it is acceptable for it to
be placed in direct contact with the hard grounded conductive surface.
Assembly B contains exposed ESDS items and must not be in contact with
conductive surface.*

2.3.27 Interconnect Cables

The conductors within unconnected interconnect cables can become
charged. Cables to be connected or mated to ESDS items shall be
grounded, either by contact to the bare hand of a grounded person or to
a ground wire, prior to connection.

2.3.28 Cleaning and Coating Operations

The use of pressurized "air cans" directed onto ESDS items is
acceptable. Particles within gases can transfer charge: do not shake or
invert the can before or during use. Rubbing or sanding printed wiring
boards, circuit card assemblies, terminal boards, or other surfaces
containing ESDS items is prohibited.

2.3.29 ESD Protective Packaging

*Note: For complete instructions, refer to QAP 61.12, Packing and
Unpacking of ESDS Hardware.*

a\. All ESDS items shall be contained within approved ESD-protective
containers for movement between ESD-protected areas, per the procedures
of [Packing and Unpacking ESD Sensitive
Hardware,](http://rules.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocID=61692) [QAP
61.12](http://rules.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocID=61692) (JPL Rules
DocID 61692). ESD and Contamination Control must approve package
materials for use. The objective of ESD protection is to prevent ESD to
the item contained within, to allow for dissipation of charge, and to
prevent charging of the ESDS item by an external electrostatic field.
ESD protective packaging shall display ESD warning signs. Symbols used
in Appendix D are acceptable for use as packaging labels. If the
packaging is not ESD safe, it shall be labeled with JPL Form 11015, as
shown in Appendix E.

b\. Figure 2-4 illustrates the minimum required container system for
enclosing ESDS items for shipment out of JPL. The container shall
provide:

\(1\) An outer shell that provides adequate mechanical protection for
the contents.

\(2\) Foam or bubble wrap shock absorbing liners that have static
shielding covers.

\(3\) A shielding package for the ESD sensitive contents.

![](media/image4.png){width="6.0in" height="1.7277777777777779in"}

Figure 2-4. Minimum Requirements for an ESD-protective Container

2.3.30 Pink-Polyethylene (pink-poly)

The use of pink-poly bags, film, bubble-wrap or foam near any ESDS item
or within an ESD protected area is prohibited. Pink-poly provides little
protection against ESD events and voltage fields and is a contamination
source. The preferred alternative is the metalized static-shielding bag.

2.3.31 Packing and Filler Materials

Shipping popcorn, foam liners and polystyrene foam shall not be used
near ESDS items unless shielding overwrap protects them.

2.3.32 Receiving

Packages or containers received at JPL displaying ESD warning symbols or
text shall be opened only by personnel certified in ESD Control at
ESD-protected workstations. Packages or containers received that contain
ESDS items that are not properly identified, or properly enclosed within
static-shielding materials shall be treated as out-of-compliance and
identified on an Inspection Report as discrepant material per QAPs
141.10 and 144.02.

2.3.33 Receiving Inspection

Personnel with current JPL ESD control certification shall perform
inspection of ESDS items only at ESD-protected workstations.

2.3.34 Exposure of ESDS Items

ESDS items shall not be left exposed and/or unattended at a workstation,
or elsewhere. ESDS items, which must be left unattended for short
periods of time, (e.g., lunch break), shall be placed on an
ESD-protective surface and wrapped or covered with static-shielding
packaging material.

2.3.35 Storage of ESDS Items

When stored, ESDS items shall be contained within a static-shielding
container. Direct contact of unprotected ESDS items with metal shelves
or cabinets is prohibited. It is acceptable for metal storage cabinets
to be ungrounded as long as the ESDS contents that are stored in the
cabinet are safely enclosed within ESD shielding.

2.3.36 Movement and Handling of ESDS Items

*Note: Refer to QAP 61.12, Packing and Unpacking of ESDS Hardware, for
detailed instructions.*

Unprotected ESDS items shall not be passed from one person to another
unless both persons are properly grounded. ESDS items shall not be moved
out of ESD protected rooms, work stations, or facilities without
static-shielding protection as described in [Packing and Unpacking ESD
Sensitive
Hardware,](http://rules.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocID=61692) [QAP
61.12](http://rules.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocID=61692) (JPL Rules
DocID 61692). ESDS items being moved using rolling carts shall be
enclosed within static-shielding packaging.

If conditions arise (e.g., field testing) in which wrist strap or floor
grounding systems are unavailable, *always* touch grounded surfaces both
*before* and *during* handling of ESDS items.

ESDS items delivered to JPL or contractor facilities shall not be opened
or removed from their ESD-protective containers until they are within an
ESD protected area.

2.3.37 Procurement

When procuring ESDS items, the requester and purchasing agent shall
state that the merchandise is ESD sensitive. Designation that the item
is ESD sensitive shall be included on the purchase requisition.
Suppliers and/or JPL contractors shall be required to identify all ESDS
packages that are delivered to JPL with an appropriate ESD
warning/caution label(s) as described in Appendix D of this standard.

2.3.38 Waste Receptacles

Plastic waste containers and plastic liners shall not be allowed within
one meter of unprotected ESDS items.

2.3.39 Topical Anti-Static Sprays

The use of any ESD spray, anti-static spray or anti-static glass cleaner
is prohibited within ESD-protected areas. The chemicals within these
sprays are a contamination source.

2.3.40 Plastic Notebooks

Certain plastic covered notebooks can be a source of static charge.
Plastic notebooks that generate surface voltages greater than that in
Table 1 under normal/intended use shall be neutralized. Acceptable
neutralization techniques include: relocate to a distance greater than
one meter from ESDS items, cover or use notebook with static-shielding
sheet material or use notebooks constructed of static-dissipative
plastics.

2.3.41 Plastic Connector Dust Caps

Plastic connector dust caps are acceptable for use on ESDS hardware or
cables attached to ESDS hardware.

2.3.42 Plastic Fluid Bottles

Hand-held plastic bottles that are commonly used to hold fluids (e.g.,
deionized water, isopropyl alcohol) that emit a voltage field exceeding
the limits specified in Table 1 after normal/intended use shall be
removed from the ESD-protected area. An acceptable alternative is to use
bottles constructed of static-dissipative plastics. It is not acceptable
to wrap plastic bottles with metalized tape or static dissipative
sleeves. Plastic fluid bottles shall be left untreated.

2.3.43 Conductive Hand Lotion

Only approved conductive hand lotions are permitted for use in
ESD-protected areas. Chemicals in non-approved lotions may introduce
contaminants.

2.3.44 ESD Control Web page

An ESD Control Web page shall be maintained allowing users access to JPL
ESD related documents and information. The page shall contain as a
minimum, the following:

-   A link to download JPL D-1348, the JPL Standard for ESD Control.

-   A link to download JPL Form \# 2731, ESD Control Survey Report.

-   An ESD approved materials list.

-   

The ESD Control Web page or a link to the page is available at the
following address: <http://eis.jpl.nasa.gov/qa/esd/>

2.3.45 Records

Records of the following items shall be maintained:

+--------------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------+
| Record Title       | JPL Form | Certification   | Record Location   |
|                    | \#       | Type            |                   |
+--------------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------+
| ESD Control        | 10005    | F               | Posted at         |
| Certification      |          | acility/Project | entrance to       |
|                    |          | ESD Control     | surveyed area     |
+--------------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------+
| ESD Control Survey | 2731     | F               | ESD Control       |
| Report             |          | acility/Project | Engineer          |
|                    |          | ESD Control     |                   |
|                    |          |                 | QA Auditor        |
|                    |          |                 |                   |
|                    |          |                 | Project personnel |
+--------------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------+
| ESD Control and    | N/A      | Personnel and   | Refer to QAP 21.0 |
| Auditing training  |          | QA personnel    |                   |
+--------------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------+

2.4 Quality Assurance

The QA representative assigned to a program/project, ESD-protected
facility, workstation, or handling ESDS items shall perform the
following:

-   Perform the ESD Control Survey for the subject area/project.
    Appendix C defines the ESD Control Survey process.

-   Ensure that the ESD control environment, control disciplines, and
    ESD controls over personnel, furnishings, materials and/or equipment
    brought into or out of the area are maintained during the duration
    of work involving ESDS items.

Should it become established that ESDS items have been exposed to an ESD
event, the QA representative shall enter a discrepancy to that effect
into the Inspection Report for the hardware in question.

3.0 Contractor Requirements

3.1 Purpose

The purpose of this section is to provide guidelines for control of ESD
at contractor locations, guidelines for preparation of ESD control plans
and the implementation of ESD control requirements as specified by
Section 2 of this standard.

3.2 Scope

When required by contract, contractors and other external suppliers
furnishing ESDS items for delivery to JPL are subject to the same
requirements and constraints as those specified in

Section 2.

3.  Applicability

The requirements and constraints identified in Section 2 of this
standard apply equally to ESDS

items procured by JPL from contractors and other external sources.

3.4 Responsibilities

It is the responsibility of the contractor to ensure that the
requirements of this standard are implemented.

3.5 ESD Control Plan

3.5.1 When required by the contract, the contractor shall prepare and
submit for JPL approval, an ESD control plan.

3.5.2 The contractor is encouraged to use their existing ESD control
plan to the greatest extent possible. It is *not* necessary to create an
entirely new document in response to this ESD control plan requirement.

3.5.3 JPL needs to understand how the requirements identified in Section
2 of this standard will be implemented within the contractor's facility.
It may be necessary to supplement contractor's existing plans or
procedures to handle any new JPL requirements that had not been
previously addressed.

4.  There is some flexibility in the Section 2 requirements. It is
    recommended that the contractor contact responsible JPL project
    personnel and request a review of the Section 2 requirements should
    any of the following conditions prevail:

-   One or more of the requirements cannot be met.

-   The cost/benefit ratio of compliance with the requirements is
    inappropriate.

-   The contractor believes the requirement is unnecessary and
    compliance creates a hardship or disruption of the contractor's
    normal operations.

-   The contractor has an equivalent or better solution to the problem
    and prefers to use it in place of the Section 2 requirements.

Clarification and resolution of these issues prior to submission of the
contractor's ESD control plan will greatly facilitate the review and
approval process at JPL.

3.6 Materials and Equipment

It is acknowledged that contractor facilities may already be equipped
with ESD control devices and equipment. Performance data on these
devices shall be made available to JPL for approval.

3.7 Implementation

The implementation of ESD control measures at the contractor shall be in
accordance with the JPL approved contractor's ESD control plan.

If the procurement documentation does not include a requirement for the
submission of an ESD control plan by the contractor, but does reference
this standard, then implementation of ESD controls at the contractor
facility shall be in accordance with Section 2 of this Standard, subject
to modification by the procuring JPL agency.

3.8 ESD Control Authority

The contractor will establish a responsible ESD control authority. This
authority shall be responsible for the interpretation and implementation
of the ESD control requirements within the contractor's operational
areas for JPL ESDS items that are supplied or procured.

This ESD control authority shall be identified in the contractor's ESD
control plans or procedures.

3.9 Quality Assurance

Survey, audit and surveillance activities are the responsibility of the
contractor quality assurance/inspection operations, in conjunction with
the ESD control authority.

In the current TQM environment, many responsibilities formerly assigned
to QA have been transferred to other organizations. This
notwithstanding, the ESD survey and surveillance requirements remain in
effect.

In either event, where these responsibilities are located must be
identified in the contractor's ESD control plans or procedures. The
implementation of contractor ESD control plans and/or procedures will be
subject to survey and periodic audits by the assigned JPL quality
assurance personnel.

Contractor work areas for JPL-ordered ESDS hardware may be certified in
the same manner JPL internal facilities are certified. The contractor's
responsible ESD authority or JPL QA Representative may use the ESD
Survey Worksheet, JPL Form 2731
(<http://eis.jpl.nasa.gov/quality/qadc/templates/esdsurvey2731.pdf>) in
conducting the certification survey.

Appendix A - Example Visitors ESD Briefing

BUILDING \_\_\_ ROOM \_\_\_\_\_

1\. All visitors must wear a wrist trap directly in contact with skin
and be connected to an acceptable ESD ground when within one meter of
unprotected ESD sensitive hardware.

2\. Option: A pair of foot grounders may be worn in place of a wrist
trap so long as you are not seated. If you sit down you must use a wrist
strap as instructed in no.1.

3\. All visitors must wear ESD protective garments when within one meter
of unprotected ESD sensitive hardware.

4\. Do not handle unprotected ESD sensitive hardware unless absolutely
necessary and under the direct supervision of a person certified in ESD
awareness control.

5\. ESD sensitive packages may only be opened at the ESD safe
workstation.

6\. Be aware that there may be work surfaces in this room that are not
approved for use with ESD sensitive items. These will be labeled with an
appropriate sticker.

Appendix B - Standard Definitions

The following definitions are provided for information purposes and are
applicable as used within this standard.

[Air ionizer]{.underline}: Equipment that provides a charged atmosphere,
consisting of both positive and negative ions. Air ionizers neutralize
static charge accumulation on insulators and on ungrounded conductors.
Air naturally contains ions. However, they are not sufficiently abundant
in most cases to neutralize static charges rapidly enough to protect
static sensitive devices. Further, air ions are completely removed by
HEPA and ULPA filters in clean rooms. For this reason, ESD problems in
clean rooms occasionally require that air ionization be used.

[Antistat, antistatic agent]{.underline}: A chemical compound that is
impregnated into or applied to the surface of a material to render the
material more conductive and less prone to retain charge. Plastics made
static dissipative through incorporation of topical antistatic agents
become depleted by water and alcohol cleaning, rendering them
ineffective. Most topical antistatic agents have significant vapor
pressure. For this reason topical antistatic agents are not to be used
in clean rooms.

[Antistatic:]{.underline} A term no longer in use, primarily because a
formal definition was never developed.

[Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) field suppression screen]{.underline}: A device
placed on the face of a CRT that blocks the electric field emanating
from the face of the device. This device must be grounded, and does not
reduce fields emanating from the top, bottom or sides of the CRT.

[Charged Device Model (CDM)]{.underline}: A model characterizing a
particular ESD failure mechanism in which an electronic device isolated
from ground is charged, and is subsequently discharged, causing a short
duration discharge pulse.

[Charged plate monitor]{.underline}: An instrument used to measure the
charge neutralization effectiveness and balance of ionization equipment.

[Conductive material]{.underline}: For ESD control purposes, materials
with a surface resistivity less than 10^6^ ohms/square and a volume
resistivity less than 10^5^ ohm-centimeter.

[Decay time]{.underline}: Time required for voltage to reduce to a
specified percentage of its initial value. One of the two principal
criteria for evaluating acceptability of air ionizers and materials used
in work stations provided with air ionizers.

[Dielectric]{.underline}: A non-conductor that can sustain an electric
field.

[Dielectric breakdown voltage]{.underline}: The voltage at which an
electrically conductive path is created through a dielectric.

[Electrical Overstress (EOS)]{.underline}: The exposure of an electronic
part to a current and/or voltage beyond its maximum ratings.

[Electrostatic charge]{.underline}: An excess or deficiency of electrons
within or on the surface of a material, measured in units of coulombs.

[Electrostatic discharge (ESD)]{.underline}: Exchange of energy between
objects at different electrostatic potentials, caused by direct contact
or induced by an electrostatic field.

[Electrostatic field]{.underline}: A voltage gradient between
electrostatically charged surfaces of different potentials.

[Electrostatic field meter]{.underline}: A noncontact used for measuring
the potential and polarity of an electrical voltage field.

[ESD component classification:]{.underline} A rating scheme used to
classify ESDS components according to their ESD damage thresholds.

[ESD controlled area]{.underline}: An area which is constructed and
equipped with the necessary ESD protective materials, equipment, and
procedures to eliminate or reduce electrostatic voltage fields and
direct ESD.

[ESD damage]{.underline}: The internal part damage or destruction
resulting from an ESD event. Damage is caused by the application of
excessive energy and/or voltage.

[Electrostatic field]{.underline}: The lines of force surrounding an
electrically charged object.

[Electrostatic potential]{.underline}: The voltage difference between a
point and an agreed-upon reference.

[ESD protective clothing]{.underline}: Clothing manufactured from
fabrics specially designed or treated to inhibit buildup and to allow
rapid dispersal of electrostatic charge.

[ESD protective flooring]{.underline}: A flooring system or floor
covering constructed of conductive or static dissipative materials. The
flooring provides a path to ground to effectively remove charges from
grounded contacting personnel or objects. A conductive element is needed
to electrically connect a person\'s body to the flooring system. Heel
straps, toe straps, conductive booties and shoe covers are commonly used
for this purpose.

[ESD protective material:]{.underline} A property of materials capable
of one or more of the following: limiting the generation of static
electricity, dissipating electrostatic charges, or providing shielding
from ESD or electrostatic fields.

[ESD sensitive (ESDS):]{.underline} ESDS refers to the measure of the
sensitivity of an item to ESD damage. Sensitivity is defined as that
level of ESD that produces changes, such that the item fails to meet its
specified parameters or looses reliability.

[Electrostatic shield:]{.underline} A barrier or enclosure that limits
the penetration of an electrostatic field.

[Faraday cage]{.underline}: An enclosure that provides an electrostatic
shield. Note: May or may not affect electromagnetic waves.

[Field induced model (FIM):]{.underline} A standardized ESD test model
characterizing an electrically floating ESDS device that is subjected to
an electrostatic field.

[Float Potential]{.underline}: The second measure of performance of an
air ionizer. The highest positive and negative potential recorded during
60 seconds of monitoring using an uncharged, ungrounded charged plate
monitor.

Ground:

> [ESD Ground]{.underline}: The point at a workstation where ESD control
> devices such as wrist straps, and table mats are connected. This point
> is in turn connected directly to the facility ground.
>
> [Earth Ground:]{.underline} A conducting body connected to Earth used
> as a return path for electric currents and as an arbitrary zero
> voltage reference point.
>
> [Equipment Ground:]{.underline} The ground point at which the
> equipment grounding conductor is bonded to any piece of equipment, at
> the equipment end of the conductor. The entire low impedance path from
> a piece of electrical equipment to a hard ground electrode.
>
> [Facility Ground]{.underline}: A system of bus bars, braided wire,
> metal strips or other installed conductors that form a path to a
> common grounding system within a facility.
>
> [Hard Ground:]{.underline} A direct low resistance (typically less
> than one ohm) connection to facility ground.
>
> [Soft Ground:]{.underline} A connection to ground through a resistance
> intended to limit current flow.
>
> [Third Wire Ground]{.underline}: The green third wire terminal of an
> electrical receptacle. This point is common with the equipment and
> facility grounding system

[Grounded]{.underline}: Connected to ground.

[Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)]{.underline}: A device intended
for the protection of personnel that functions to de-energize a circuit
when leakage current exceeds a specified value.

[Ground strap]{.underline}: An item intended to provide a conductive
path to ground.

[Groundable footwear tester]{.underline}: A device used to measure the
functional effectiveness of groundable footwear. A go/no-go device.

[Hardware:]{.underline} A system, assembly, subassembly, component or
part.

[Human Body Model]{.underline}: A model representing the ESD from a
human body.

[Induction]{.underline}: The process by which an electrical field causes
charge separation within a nearby object without physical contact.

[Input Protection]{.underline}: Structures, devices or networks
connected at the terminals of an item to prevent damage due to ESD.

[Ionizer verifier]{.underline}: An instrument used in place of a charged
plate monitor to periodically verify performance of an air ionizer.

[Insulator]{.underline}: For ESD control purposes, a material exhibiting
a surface resistivity of greater than 10^12^ ohms/square or a volume
resistivity greater than 10^11^ ohm-cm. Insulators do not conduct
electricity. Also known as a \"dielectric\" material.

[Ionization]{.underline}: The process by which neutral atoms or
molecules, such as those found in air or on surfaces, acquire positive
or negative charges.

[Latent failure]{.underline}: An impending or possible failure at a
weakened or damaged location in a device. Often used in the context of
ESD damage that did not cause immediate part failure.

[Resistivity]{.underline}:

> [Surface resistivity]{.underline}: The ratio of DC voltage to DC
> current that passes across the surface of a material. The unit of
> measurement is generally given in ohms/square.
>
> [Volume resistivity]{.underline}: The ratio of the DC voltage to the
> DC current passing through a material. The unit of measurement for
> volume resistivity is generally given in ohm-centimeters.

[Sensitive electronic device symbols]{.underline}: The symbols placed on
hardware assemblies and documentation for identification of ESDS items.
Refer to Appendix E.

[Shall]{.underline}: Indicates a mandatory requirement.

[Should]{.underline}: Indicates a recommendation that is advised but not
required.

[Shunting bar]{.underline}: A device that shorts the terminals of an
ESDS item forming an equipotential surface.

[Spark]{.underline}: An electrical discharge of very short duration,
normally between two objects separated by a gas (such as air).

[Static charge]{.underline}: (See \"Electrostatic charge\")

[Static decay test]{.underline}: A procedure which specifies
contact-charging a material and measuring the decay time to a specific
voltage. Decay to 10% of the initial voltage is frequently used.

[Static-dissipative material]{.underline}: For ESD control purposes, a
material with a surface resistivity greater than 10^6^ and less than
10^12^ ohms/square or a volume resistance of greater than 10^5^ but less
than 10^11^ ohm-centimeter.

[Static electricity]{.underline}: Electrical charge at rest.

[Static Eliminator, Electrical]{.underline}: Electrical static
eliminators generally consist of one or more electrodes and a high
voltage power supply. Ion generation from electrical static eliminators
occurs in the air space surrounding the high voltage electrodes. (See
Air Ionizer, Ionization.)

[Static Eliminator, Induction]{.underline}: A passive device having an
electric field of sufficient intensity to supply ions for static
elimination.

[Static Eliminator, Nuclear]{.underline}: Nuclear static eliminators
create ions by the irradiation of air molecules. Most models use an
alpha particle emitting isotope to create ion pairs to neutralize static
charges. (See also Ionization, Air Ionizer).

[Static meter:]{.underline} (See \"Electrostatic Field Meter")

[Static shielding bag]{.underline}: A material that provides protection
against triboelectric charging, external electrostatic fields and ESD.
These bags are typically of multiple layer construction and usually
include a heat sealable inside surface, an embedded metal layer and an
external antistatic film.

[Surface Resistivity]{.underline}
![](media/image5.png){width="0.3236111111111111in"
height="0.19791666666666666in"}: The ratio of d.c. voltage to the
current that passes across the surface of the system. In this case, the
surface consists of a square unit of area. In effect, the surface
resistivity is the resistance between two opposite sides of a square and
is independent of the size of the square or its dimensional units.
Surface resistivity is expressed in ohms/square.

*Note: This particular term is in review by EOS/ESD Standards
Subcommittee 11.0.*

[Surfactant]{.underline}: (See "Antistat, Antistatic agent)

[Tacky mat]{.underline}: A small floor mat with an adhesive surface,
used to remove loose contamination from soles and heels of footwear.

[Topical antistat]{.underline}: (See \"Antistat, antistatic agent)

[Triboelectric charging]{.underline}: The generation of electrostatic
charges when two pieces of material in intimate contact are separated
(where one or both is an insulator). Substantial generation of static
electricity can be caused by contact and separation of two materials or
by rubbing two substances together. (See also Triboelectric Series.)

[Triboelectric series]{.underline}: A list of substances arranged so
that one can become positively charged when separated from one farther
down the list, or negatively charged when separated from one farther up
the list. The series' main utility is to indicate likely resultant
charge polarities after triboelectric generation. However, this series
is derived from specially prepared and cleaned materials tested in very
controlled conditions. In everyday circumstances, materials reasonably
close to one another in the series can produce charge polarities
opposite to that expected.

[Voltage Suppression]{.underline}: A phenomenon where increasing the
capacitance of the object rather than decreasing the charge on the
object reduces the voltage from a charged object. The following relation
describes this phenomenon:

Q = CV or V = Q/C

Where:

Q = Charge in coulombs

> C = Capacitance in farads
>
> V = Voltage in volts

[Wrist strap tester]{.underline}: A device used to measure the
functional effectiveness of a wrist strap. A go/no-go device.

Appendix C - ESD Control Surveys

General

A valid ESD Control Certification is required for all hardware meeting
the Applicability requirements (Section 1.3). An ESD Control
Certification is obtained after successful completion of the ESD Control
Survey process.

The ESD Control Survey is based on the requirements identified in
Section 2 of this Standard.

The assigned QA representative or alternate shall perform the ESD
Control Survey. In situations where a QA representative is not assigned
to a project, the ESD Control Engineer can perform the survey. The QA
representative and ESD Control Engineer shall be trained and have
current certification as an ESD Control Auditor by the JPL QA Training
Center.

Surveys shall be performed using an ESD Audit kit. The Audit kit shall
contain the necessary equipment to physically verify the Section 2
requirements of this Standard.

ESD Control Survey Process

The ESD Control Survey Report (JPL Form \# 2731) shall be used to
conduct the survey and to document the results. A blank ESD Control
Survey Report can be downloaded from the ESD Control Web page. The
requirements are audited and identified with "yes", "no", or "not
applicable (n/a)" responses on the survey report. Corrective actions are
required when a "no" response is indicated.

Each ESD Control Survey Report shall have an assigned survey number. The
survey number will be assigned by the ESD Control Engineer or by an
authorized QA representative.

Every attempt should be made to correct violations of Section 2
requirements on the spot during the survey. When a violation cannot be
corrected on the spot, it shall be noted on the ESD survey report, under
the "corrective action needed" heading. For times when ESDS hardware has
been exposed in areas with corrective action needed identified during a
survey, the problems shall be entered on the hardware Inspection Report
(IR) in order to document conditions in which the hardware was
processed.

The responsible facility supervisor and/or project personnel, as
identified on the survey report, shall perform corrective action. The
means by which the corrective action is resolved or eliminated, is at
the discretion of facility supervision and/or the program/project
personnel.

The QA representative shall verify that appropriate corrective actions
have been incorporated and closed before ESDS items are exposed within
the subject area. To continue work involving ESDS items while a survey
remains open during the thirty-day period, the QA representative shall
enter each corrective action needed into the PR system. The Cog E or
alternate shall disposition each corrective action. The ESD control
engineer shall be responsible for closure approval of each item.

Upon completion of the ESD Control Survey, the QA representative shall
send a hard copy of the survey report to the appropriate facility
supervisor, cognizant engineer and applicable project personnel listing
all corrective action needed, if any is required.

Discrepancies noted during the survey that require definition and
explanation shall be listed in the "Additional Notes" section of the
survey report and referenced to the item where the discrepancy was
noted. Recommended corrective action requirements shall also be
indicated.

Should any ESD hazard(s) be discovered that are not addressed within
this Standard, the particulars of the hazard shall be identified in the
"Additional Notes" section, as noted above.

The ESD Control Survey Report shall be submitted to the ESD Control
Engineer after completion of the corrective actions, or after completion
of the survey form, if no corrective actions were noted.

The ESD Control Engineer shall determine the appropriateness of the
corrective actions. If the corrective actions are acceptable, or if none
are required, the ESD Control Engineer shall issue an ESD Control
Certification (JPL Form \# 10005).

The ESD Control Engineer shall send the ESD Control Certification to the
QA representative. The QA representative shall ensure that the ESD
Control Certification is posted in plain view near the entrance to the
surveyed facility, laboratory or workstation.

A database of closed ESD Control Survey Reports shall be kept either in
hard copy form by the ESD Control Engineer or electronically through the
ESD Control web page. The QA representative or ESD Control Engineer
shall cancel the ESD Control Certification if the ESD control
requirements are not properly maintained.

The ESD Control Survey shall be repeated per the requirements of Section
2 of this Standard.

Appendix D - Personnel Training and ESD Control Survey Certifications

+-----------------------------------------+---+----------------------------+
| ![](media/                              |   | ESD Control Certification, |
| image6.png){width="3.602777777777778in" |   | JPL Form 10005             |
| height="2.0097222222222224in"}          |   |                            |
|                                         |   | *Required of all areas     |
|                                         |   | where ESDS hardware is     |
|                                         |   | exposed.*                  |
|                                         |   |                            |
|                                         |   | Identifies a JPL or        |
|                                         |   | contractor work area as a  |
|                                         |   | certified ESD controlled   |
|                                         |   | area. Issued by the QA     |
|                                         |   | representative after       |
|                                         |   | successful completion of   |
|                                         |   | the ESD Survey per         |
|                                         |   | Appendix C. Must be posted |
|                                         |   | in plain view at the       |
|                                         |   | entrance to the surveyed   |
|                                         |   | facility, laboratory or    |
|                                         |   | workstation "outside the   |
|                                         |   | outermost locked entrance  |
|                                         |   | to the facility" (ref.     |
|                                         |   | Sections 2.3.7.b, *ESD     |
|                                         |   | Control Certification*,    |
|                                         |   | and 2.3.7.d, *Contractor   |
|                                         |   | Facilities*).              |
|                                         |   |                            |
|                                         |   | When an area is no longer  |
|                                         |   | in use as an ESD protected |
|                                         |   | area, the certificate      |
|                                         |   | should be removed. In the  |
|                                         |   | case of multiple projects, |
|                                         |   | the appropriate survey     |
|                                         |   | line should be crossed     |
|                                         |   | out. (ref. Section         |
|                                         |   | 2.3.7.e, *Abandonment of   |
|                                         |   | Facilities*).              |
+-----------------------------------------+---+----------------------------+
| ![](media/                              | P |                            |
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+-----------------------------------------+---+----------------------------+
| ![](media/i                             |   | Personnel ESD Control      |
| mage8.png){width="3.6145833333333335in" |   | Auditor Certificate, Form  |
| height="1.9256944444444444in"}          |   | maintained by QA Training  |
|                                         |   | Center                     |
|                                         |   |                            |
|                                         |   | *Required for ALL who      |
|                                         |   | conduct ESD Surveys*       |
|                                         |   |                            |
|                                         |   | The QA representative,     |
|                                         |   | conducting an ESD survey,  |
|                                         |   | shall be trained and       |
|                                         |   | certified as an "ESD       |
|                                         |   | Control Auditor" by the    |
|                                         |   | JPL QA Training Center and |
|                                         |   | have current certification |
|                                         |   | status (ref. Section       |
|                                         |   | 2.3.7.a, *JPL              |
|                                         |   | Facilities*).              |
+-----------------------------------------+---+----------------------------+

Appendix E - ESD Caution and Warning Stickers

+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/imag                      | DOD ESD Sensitivity Symbol.    |
| e9.png){width="2.438888888888889in" |                                |
| height="2.1145833333333335in"}      | *Devices and Packaging*        |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | This symbol is required by     |
|                                     | MIL-STD-129J to be on ESD      |
|                                     | sensitive devices. This symbol |
|                                     | may be seen on devices and     |
|                                     | packaging of devices normally  |
|                                     | sold to the US military.       |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | *Note: All ESD device          |
|                                     | packaging received at JPL is   |
|                                     | subject to rejection if not    |
|                                     | properly ESD labeled (ref.     |
|                                     | Sections 2.3.29.* ESD          |
|                                     | Protective Packaging *and      |
|                                     | 2.3.32,* Receiving).           |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/image                     | ESD Association "ESD           |
| 10.png){width="2.354861111111111in" | Susceptibility Symbol"         |
| height="1.823611111111111in"}       |                                |
|                                     | *Devices and Packaging*        |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | This symbol is the official    |
|                                     | Electrostatic Discharge        |
|                                     | Association identification for |
|                                     | ESD sensitive devices. It is   |
|                                     | established by ANSI ESD        |
|                                     | S8.1-1993: ESD Awareness       |
|                                     | Symbols.                       |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | *Note: All ESD device          |
|                                     | packaging received at JPL is   |
|                                     | subject to rejection if not    |
|                                     | properly ESD labeled (ref.     |
|                                     | Section 2.3.29,* ESD           |
|                                     | Protective Packaging *and      |
|                                     | 2.3.32,* Receiving*).*         |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/image                     | ESD Association "ESD           |
| 11.png){width="2.321527777777778in" | Protective Symbol"             |
| height="1.71875in"}                 |                                |
|                                     | *Packaging*                    |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | This symbol is the official    |
|                                     | Electrostatic Discharge        |
|                                     | Association identification for |
|                                     | ESD protective packaging. It   |
|                                     | is established by ANSI ESD     |
|                                     | S8.1-1993: ESD Awareness       |
|                                     | Symbols.                       |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | *Note: All ESD device          |
|                                     | packaging received at JPL is   |
|                                     | subject to rejection if not    |
|                                     | properly ESD labeled (ref.     |
|                                     | Sections 2.3.29,* ESD          |
|                                     | Protective Packaging *and      |
|                                     | 2.3.32,* Receiving).           |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/image                     | JPL ESD Sensitive Symbol, JPL  |
| 12.png){width="2.498611111111111in" | Form 11016.                    |
| height="2.438888888888889in"}       |                                |
|                                     | *Devices and Packaging*        |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | This symbol is proprietary to  |
|                                     | JPL for identification of JPL  |
|                                     | developed or identified ESDS   |
|                                     | device.                        |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | *Note: All ESD device          |
|                                     | packaging received at JPL is   |
|                                     | subject to rejection if not    |
|                                     | properly ESD labeled (ref.     |
|                                     | Sections 2.3.29,* ESD          |
|                                     | Protective Packaging *and      |
|                                     | 2.3.32,* Receiving*).*         |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Yellow vinyl stock with        |
|                                     | adhesive backing, 3 inches     |
|                                     | square.                        |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/image1                    | JPL ESD Control Area Symbol,   |
| 3.png){width="2.6756944444444444in" | JPL Form 11009.                |
| height="3.479861111111111in"}       |                                |
|                                     | *ESD Controlled Areas          |
|                                     | Doorways*                      |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | This symbol is proprietary to  |
|                                     | JPL for identification of ESD  |
|                                     | controlled areas. It is        |
|                                     | established by D-1348, JPL ESD |
|                                     | Control Standard. It is        |
|                                     | printed on yellow vinyl stock  |
|                                     | with adhesive backing, and is  |
|                                     | 8 ½ x 11 inches.               |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | *Note: Use of this placard is  |
|                                     | not a substitute for the       |
|                                     | requirement that a completed   |
|                                     | ESD Control Certification,     |
|                                     | Form 10005 must be displayed   |
|                                     | as specified in Sections 2.3.7 |
|                                     | b, d, e.*                      |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Yellow vinyl stock with        |
|                                     | adhesive backing, 8 X 11       |
|                                     | inches.                        |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/image                     | JPL Unsafe ESD Container       |
| 14.png){width="2.873611111111111in" | Warning,                       |
| height="2.0006944444444446in"}      |                                |
|                                     | JPL Form 11015 (large) /-1     |
|                                     | (small)                        |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | *Unsafe ESD Containers*        |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | For use on all ESDS hardware   |
|                                     | containers. Place one large    |
|                                     | label per container on top     |
|                                     | (preferred), or near handle.   |
|                                     | Use smaller label only for     |
|                                     | small containers.              |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Packing and unpacking of ESDS  |
|                                     | hardware, and transport from   |
|                                     | one ESD controlled area to     |
|                                     | another, must follow [Packing  |
|                                     | and Unpacking ESD Sensitive    |
|                                     | Har                            |
|                                     | dware,](http://rules.jpl.nasa. |
|                                     | gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocID=61692) |
|                                     | [QAP                           |
|                                     | 61.12](http://rules.jpl.nasa.  |
|                                     | gov/cgi/doc-gw.pl?DocID=61692) |
|                                     | (JPL Rules DocID 61692) (ref.  |
|                                     | Section 2.3.29 *ESD Protective |
|                                     | Packaging*).                   |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/image                     | JPL ESD Generating Device      |
| 15.png){width="2.873611111111111in" | Warning, JPL Form 11010        |
| height="0.8548611111111111in"}      |                                |
|                                     | *ESD generating devices*       |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Identifies operations,         |
|                                     | materials, or equipment, which |
|                                     | generate voltages greater than |
|                                     | specified in Table 1. Such     |
|                                     | static generators can include  |
|                                     | stools (ref. Section 2.3.16,   |
|                                     | *Stools, Chairs and other      |
|                                     | Furniture*) and displays (ref. |
|                                     | Section 2.3.21, *Displays* et. |
|                                     | al.). To neutralize such       |
|                                     | static generators, see Section |
|                                     | 2.3.8, *Static Generating      |
|                                     | Sources*).                     |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Yellow vinyl with permanent    |
|                                     | adhesive.                      |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/image1                    | JPL ESD Safe Workstation, JPL  |
| 6.png){width="3.5722222222222224in" | Form 11010-1                   |
| height="1.020138888888889in"}       |                                |
|                                     | *ESD safe workstations*        |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | For use on workstations that   |
|                                     | form whole or part of an ESD   |
|                                     | controlled area per per        |
|                                     | D-1348, Appendix C.            |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | *Note: Use of this placard is  |
|                                     | not a substitute for the       |
|                                     | requirement that a completed   |
|                                     | ESD Control Certification,     |
|                                     | Form 10005 must be displayed   |
|                                     | as specified in Sections 2.3.7 |
|                                     | b, d, e.*                      |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Yellow vinyl with permanent    |
|                                     | adhesive.                      |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/image                     | JPL ESD Ground, JPL Form 11006 |
| 17.png){width="2.873611111111111in" | (large) / -1 (small)           |
| height="0.75in"}                    |                                |
|                                     | *ESD safe ground*              |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Indicates ground through which |
|                                     | ESDS items, personnel, and     |
|                                     | other conductors are at the    |
|                                     | same electrical potential.     |
|                                     | Such grounds must be           |
|                                     | established in all ESD         |
|                                     | controlled areas (ref. Section |
|                                     | 2.3.9, *Grounding*).           |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Yellow vinyl with permanent    |
|                                     | adhesive.                      |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ![](media/image1                    | Electrostatic Discharge        |
| 8.png){width="1.3944444444444444in" | Association ESD Ground         |
| height="1.3944444444444444in"}      |                                |
|                                     | *ESD safe ground*              |
|                                     |                                |
|                                     | Symbol is established by ANSI  |
|                                     | ESD S8.1-1993: ESD Awareness   |
|                                     | Symbols.                       |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+

# Appendix F - Example Test Log

Example Wrist Strap/Footwear/Hand Tool Test Log.

Click here for template file:
<http://eis.jpl.nasa.gov/quality/qadc/templates/esdtestlog.doc>

Wrist Strap/Footwear/Hand Tool/
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Test Log

Project(s)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Building\_\_\_\_\_ Room\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

  ------ ------- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
  Name   Day of                                                                                                                                           
         the                                                                                                                                              
         month                                                                                                                                            

         1       2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                          
  ------ ------- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----