**U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR**

**U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY**

Geochemical Characterization of Drainage Prior to Reclamation at the
Abandoned Valzinco Mine, Spotsylvania County, Virginia

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-360

by

Robert R. Seal, II^1^, Adam N. Johnson^2^, Jane M. Hammarstrom^3^, and
Allen L. Meier^4^

^1^U.S. Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, VA 20192;
rseal@usgs.gov

^2^U.S. Geological Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave., Helena, MT 59601;
anjohnson@usgs.gov

^3^U.S. Geological Survey, 954 National Center, Reston, VA 20192;
jhammars@usgs.gov

^4^U.S. Geological Survey, 973 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225;
ameier@usgs.gov

Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals,
and Energy

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLAIMER 3

INTRODUCTION 4

SITE DESCRIPTION 4

GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 4

MINING HISTORY 5

WATER QUALITY 6

SUMMARY 13

REFERENCES 17

FIGURE 1: Map of upper reaches of Knight's Branch 5

FIGURE 2: Map of abandoned Valzinco mine site 7

FIGURE 3: Variations of various dissolved iron, aluminum, and sulfate
with pH 8

FIGURE 4: Variations of dissolved zinc, lead, cadmium, and copper with
pH 9

FIGURE 5: Seasonal variations of pH and dissolved iron and aluminum
concentrations 11

FIGURE 6: Seasonal variations of dissolved zinc, lead, and copper
concentrations 12

FIGURE 7: Seasonal variations of flow, and dissolved zinc concentrations
and loads 14

FIGURE 8: Seasonal variations of dissolved iron and lead concentrations
and loads 15

TABLE 1: Ranges in concentrations of dissolved constituents in Knight's
Branch 10

TABLE 2: Acid and metal loads in Knight's Branch 16

APPENDIX 1: Descriptions of Sample Sites 19

APPENDIX 2: Field and Analytical Methods 19

APPENDIX 3: Quality-Control and Quality-Assurance Data 20

APPENDIX 4: Water-Quality Data 29

### ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLAIMER

This project was conducted in cooperation with the Virginia Department
of Mines, Minerals, and Energy. Funding for this research was provided
by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program and the Virginia
Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy Orphaned Mine Lands Program.
The cooperation and support of Allen Bishop and Robert Sobeck of the
Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy are greatly
appreciated. David Haffner, Rama Krishnaswamy, Andrew Ouimette, Greg
Wandless, and John Wormington assisted in the field work. The manuscript
benefited from reviews by Nadine Piatak, Gregory Wandless, and Robert
Sobeck.

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with
the U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic
nomenclature. Any use of trade product or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

## INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Geological Survey has undertaken a three part study of water
chemistry at the abandoned Valzinco mine, in the Knight's Branch
watershed in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, in cooperation with the
Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy. The first part is a
detailed water-quality sampling study. The purpose of this sampling is
to delineate the complexity and variety of geochemical environments at
the site. The second part is pre-reclamation water-quality sampling at
one point upstream of the mine site and at two points downstream of the
mine site conducted on a quarterly basis. The purpose of this sampling
is to provide a pre-reclamation assessment of seasonal variations of
acid and metal concentrations in Knight's Branch to serve as a baseline
from which to judge the success of the reclamation project. The third
part is post-reclamation water-quality study to be initiated in Summer
2002.

**SITE DESCRIPTION**

The Valzinco abandoned mine (38° 10.68' N; 77° 47.90' W), also known as
the Halladay or Holloday mine (Luttrell, 1966) is located at the
headwaters of Knight's Branch in Spotsylvania County, Virginia,
approximately 2.2 km south-southwest of Porters, Virginia on the Belmont
7.5' quadrangle. Knight's Branch flows into Northeast Creek, which flows
into the North Anna River below Lake Anna Dam. The Anna River empties
into the Chesapeake Bay. The site consisted of both underground mine
workings and mine tailings deposited within and adjacent to the stream
channel. No effluent from the mine workings was identified. The tailings
cover approximately 40,000 square meters. The pre-reclamation location
of the road and bridge represented a dam structure that apparently
contained the spent tailings. Tailings deposits downstream from the road
represent material that was eroded and transported as part of the
sediment load of Knight's Branch. Significant transported deposits were
located immediately below the road and approximately 200 m downstream
(Fig. 1). The deposits located 200 m downstream remain today. The
Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy began reclamation of
the site in April 2001 and completed the project in April 2002.

The Mitchell mine is located approximately 1.5 km downstream of
Valzinco, also within the Knight's Branch watershed. The Mitchell mine
is an abandoned gold mine, and consists of approximately twelve pits and
shafts, some water filled, and covered dumps (Sweet, 1980). A
significant accumulation of tailings material is present on the banks of
Knight's Branch at the Mitchell mine. At present, it is uncertain
whether the waste material was transported fluvially downstream from
Valzinco, or if it was generated locally.

**GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY**

The Valzinco deposit is hosted by metamorphosed volcanic rocks of the
Chopawamsic Formation in the Virginia gold-pyrite belt (Pavlides and
others, 1982). The belt compromises metamorphosed volcanic and clastic
sedimentary rocks that were originally deposited approximately 460
million years ago (Horton and others, 1998). The host rocks in the mine
area have been metamorphosed to upper greenschist to lower amphibolite
grade to form quartz-sericite schists (Pavlides and others, 1982). The
deposits occur as two subparallel massive sulfide lenses that strike
approximately N40E and dip at an angle of 60 to 70° SE, crossing the
foliation in the country rock. The Holloday "vein", and the Discovery
"vein" were found during exploration drilling in the 1940s. The Holloday
orebody, the larger of the two, was mined to a depth of approximately
115 m, along a strike length of approximately 180 m, and vein thickness
varied from 0.6 to 3.0 m, with an average thickness of 1.2 m; the
Discovery orebody was mined to a depth of approximately 75 m to within
15 m of the surface, with a strike length of 95 m (Poole, 1974).

![](media/image1.wmf){width="6.293055555555555in"
height="3.009027777777778in"}

> **Figure 1.** Map of the upper reaches of the Knight's Branch
> watershed showing the distribution of water-quality sample sites and
> tailings. VLZN-3, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13 are the quarterly sampling
> sites. Contour interval is 20 feet. Roads are indicated by heavy
> lines.

The ore consists of massive accumulations of pyrite (FeS~2~), sphalerite
(ZnS), galena (PbS), and minor chalcopyrite (CuFeS~2~) and pyrrhotite
(Fe~1-x~S). Gangue mineralogy includes quartz, chlorite, and magnetite.
In the immediate vicinity of the orebodies, the wallrocks have been
silicified, pyritized, and chloritized (Poole, 1974). The geologic and
geochemical features of the deposit conform to the "Kuroko-type"
classification of seafloor massive sulfide deposits, which is
characterized by massive accumulations of pyrite, with subordinate
amounts of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena; host rocks are typified
by a felsic-dominated suite of bimodal volcanic rocks, with associated
siliciclastic sedimentary rocks (Seal and others, 2000).

**MINING HISTORY**

Valzinco is a lead-zinc deposit that contains minor amounts of copper.
The mine was opened in 1914 by the Virginia Lead and Zinc Company.
Initially, the ores were hauled to a mill at the Allah-Cooper mine
approximately 29 km to the southwest. Between 1914 and 1918, the mine
produced about 5,000 short tons (4,500 metric tonnes) of ore averaging 5
percent lead and 12.5 percent zinc (Grosh, 1949). The mine changed hands
in the 1920s and although some development work occurred, no production
records exist. In 1942, Panaminus, Inc. reopened the mine with on-site
processing facilities consisting of a modern mill with the capacity of
handling 100 tons of ore per day and a flotation plant and at the same
time, they dewatered the 360-foot level of the mine (Poole, 1974). The
mine was worked from a 75 m vertical main shaft, to a depth of 105 m
below the shaft. Initially, the mining method was shrinkage stoping but
problems with bad ground necessitated a change to stulled stoping
(Grosh, 1949). Underground workings included five mine levels and more
than 1,500 m of workings (Grosh, 1949). The ore processed in the
flotation plant averaged 7.5 percent zinc, 3.5 percent lead, and 1
percent copper and the products included a lead-zinc concentrate and a
zinc concentrate. The U.S. Bureau of Mines drilled the deposit in 1943
to outline the orebody and increase reserves (Grosh, 1949). Fine-grained
tailings from the 1940s mining operations were deposited in and along
Knight's Branch resulting in an impacted area of about 40,000 square
meters. The mill foundation and a concrete silo remain on the site.
Poole (1974) reported that dump material was removed and used for road
metal for logging roads in the area and for fill.

**WATER QUALITY**

**Sample Sites**

The sample sites for the first part of the study were selected to
characterize the diversity and complexity of geochemical environments in
and around the Valzinco site (Figs. 1 and 2). Sample sites are described
in Appendix 1. At various times, water samples were collected from the
main channel of Knight's Branch and include, from upstream to
downstream: VLZN-13, VLZN-6, VLZN-1, VLZN-4, VLZN-3, and VLZN-11.
VLZN-3, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13 are also the three sites selected for
quarterly sampling. Samples were also collected from seeps emanating
from beneath the tailings (VLZN-8, VLZN-9), downstream from seeps, prior
to entering Knight's Branch (VLZN-2, VLZN-7, VLZN-12), and from a small
highly concentrated puddle on the tailings (VLZN-10). Reconnaissance
sampling of the site was conducted in May 1998. Pre-reclamation
quarterly sampling was initiated in July 1999, and continued until April
2001, just prior to the start of reclamation. Water sampling protocols
are summarized in Appendix 2 and are modified from the procedures
outlined by Ficklin and Mosier (1999).

**Results**

Geochemical data are summarized in Appendices 3 and 4. Appendix 3
summarizes quality-control and quality-assurance data, and Appendix 4
summarizes the water-quality data from the study. In general, the
regional surface waters, upgradient from the mine site (VLZN-6, and
VLZN-13), are dilute (\< 23 mg/L TDS), slightly acidic (pH = 4.4 to
6.0), and dominated by Na and Cl. Alkalinity is less than 15 mg/L
CaCO~3~ equivalent, and the hardness is less than 10 mg/L CaCO~3~
equivalent. Thus, the watershed has limited natural acid-neutralizing
capacity and the low hardness enhances the toxicity of metals such as
Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd.

At various locations around the impacted site, total dissolved solids
(TDS) range from 20 to 17,000 mg/L and pH ranges from 1.1 to 6.4. The
dissolved chemistry is dominated by Fe and SO~4~ as the dominant
cationic and anionic constituents, respectively (Fig. 3). In general,
all waters are near saturation with respect to dissolved oxygen.
Dissolved metals show a negative correlation with respect to pH (Figs. 3
and 4). In impacted waters, the concentrations of dissolved constituents
span a wide range in SO~4~ (28 to 53,600 mg/L), Fe (3.6 to 11,000 mg/L),
Al (0.0015 to 800 mg/L), Zn (0.65 to 2,300 mg/L), Pb (0.5 to 2,800
μg/L), Cu (0.001 to 59.0 mg/L), and Cd (\<0.02 to 3,000 μg/L).
Invariably, the highest concentrations are associated with sample
VLZN-10-2 (Figs. 3 and 4), which represents an anomalous geochemical
setting. This sample probably represents undiluted leachate from the
waste pile. As such, it may be the best candidate for end-member
acid-mine drainage at the site.

![](media/image2.wmf){width="6.293055555555555in"
height="5.692361111111111in"}

> **Figure 2.** Map showing details of abandoned Valzinco mine site
> including sample sites. Sites VLZN-3 and VLZN-13 are quarterly
> sampling sites. Cross-hatched pattern indicates the extent of
> tailings. Streams are indicated by heavy solid lines. Contour interval
> is 20 feet. Roads are indicated by dashed lines. The road running
> roughly from sample site VLZN-2 to VLZN-4 marks the location of the
> tailings dam. All tailings to the east of this structure have been
> transported fluvially downstream.

With the exception of VLZN-2, all waters at the site, including Knight's
Branch at the downstream extent of the site (VLZN-3) and 1.3 km
downstream (VLZN-11), exceed USEPA guidelines for acute and chronic
toxicity in aquatic ecosystems for Fe, Al, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd

![](media/image3.wmf){width="3.4375in" height="7.975694444444445in"}

> **Figure 3.** Plots of dissolved concentrations of Fe, Al, and sulfate
> versus pH. "Various" sites are all of those other than VLZN-3, VLZN-6,
> VLZN-11, and VLZN-13.

![](media/image4.wmf){width="6.2972222222222225in"
height="4.752777777777778in"}

> **Figure 4.** Plots of dissolved concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu
> versus pH. "Various" sites are all of those other than VLZN-3, VLZN-6,
> VLZN-11, and VLZN-13.

(Figs. 3 and 4, Table 1; Smith and Huyck, 1999). Toxicity standards were
calculated assuming a hardness of 10 mg/L CaCO~3~ equivalent, which is
representative of Knight's Branch upstream of the site. Concentrations
of Ag, Ni, Se, and Tl are below acute toxicity levels, as would be
expected for this deposit type (Seal and others, 2000). In addition, As
and Se are below aquatic ecosystem toxicity guidelines (Table 1).

In Knight's Branch downstream from the site (VLZN-3 and VLZN-11), the
seasonal variations in chemistry are more limited than the spatial
variations shown around the site (Figs. 5 and 6). Flow in Knight's
Branch at VLZN-3 is estimated to have varied from a low of approximately
0.2 L/sec (0.007 cfs) in the summer to a high near 220 L/sec (7.73 cfs)
in the spring during the sampling periods. The pH ranged from a low of
2.6 to a high of 3.9. Total dissolved solids varied from 78 to 1,000
mg/L. Variations in dissolved constituents are summarized in Table 1.
Comparison of the maximum concentrations of individual constituents
between VLZN-3 and VLZN-11 suggests that the fluvial tailings between
VLZN-3 and VLZN-11 may be contributing significantly to the metal and
acid load of Knight's Branch (Figs. 5 and 6; Table 1). The fluvial
tailings between VLZN-3 and VLZN-11 were not addressed in the recently
completed reclamation project.

**Table 1. Range in concentrations of dissolved constituents in Knight's
Branch relative to appropriate acute toxicity guidelines for aquatic
ecosystems.**

  ------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------
                           VLZN-3                 VLZN-11      

                Acute      Low        High        Low          High
                Toxicity                                       

  pH                       2.6        3.9         2.4          3.6

  Specific                 0.089      1.225       0.090        1.540
  conductance                                                  
  (mS/cm)                                                      

  Acidity (mg/L            58.7       417.2       28.3         497.2
  CaCO~3~)                                                     

  SO~4~ (mg/L)             27         1,400       26           1,700

  Fe (mg/L)     1.0^†^     5.0        69.7        1.9          106.0

  Ag (μg/L)     0.08\*     \<0.01     0.04        \<0.01       0.02

  Al (mg/L)     0.750      0.63       19.5        0.52         31.2

  As (μg/L)     360        \<0.2      1           \<0.2        0.9

  Cd (μg/L)     0.3\*      3.2        88          1.7          99

  Cu (μg/L)     2.0\*      49         2,200       38           2,800

  Ni (μg/L)     202.0\*    2.0        37          2.4          50

  Pb (μg/L)     4.4\*      170        1,300       130          1,600

  Sb (μg/L)     9,000      0.03       0.20        \<0.02       0.31

  Se (μg/L)     20         \<0.2      0.7         \<0.2        0.4

  Tl (μg/L)     1,400      \<0.05     0.3         \<0.05       0.09

  Zn (mg/L)     0.017\*    1.9        27.0        1.0          27.0
  ------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------

\*Hardness-based toxicity criteria were calculated assuming a hardness
of 10 mg/L CaCO~3~, which is representative of the Knight's Branch
watershed upstream of the mine site (VLZN-13).

^†^Value is chronic toxicity criterion.

**Acid and Metal Loading**

Loading from the Valzinco site to Knight's Branch varies as a function
of concentration and flow. Total and dissolved concentrations of
constituents are presented in Appendix 4. Flow proved difficult to
determine accurately in the field in Knight's Branch because of the lack
of narrow and distinctly channelized flow of significant velocity to be
measured. Because of these challenges, large uncertainties exist in the
flows measured in the field. Thus, for the purpose of load calculations,
flows were estimated on the basis of gauged flows recorded for the
nearby Po River. Flows measured by the Virginia Department of
Environmental Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey from the Po River
watershed (77.4 square miles) were scaled down for the Knight's Branch
watershed at VLZN-3 (0.95 square miles) and at VLZN-11 (1.46 square
miles) proportionally to the differences in the areas of the watersheds
(Fig. 7a). In addition, the representativeness of the calculated loads
for the time periods sampled is variable because the waters were
collected as grab samples.

![](media/image5.wmf){width="3.3465277777777778in"
height="7.877083333333333in"}

> **Figure 5.** Quarterly variations of pH, and dissolved Fe and Al at
> sites VLZN-3, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13 (upstream).

![](media/image6.wmf){width="3.423611111111111in"
height="8.129861111111111in"}

> **Figure 6.** Quarterly variations of dissolved Zn, Pb, and Cu at
> sites VLZN-3, VLZN-11, and VLZN-13 (upstream).

Loads calculated for Zn, Fe, and Pb, as representative constituents, for
VLZN-3 at the downstream end of the abandoned mine site show limited
seasonal correlation with concentration (Figs. 7 and 8). For Zn, and Fe,
loads peak in Spring 2000 as dissolved concentrations reach relative
minimums (Figs. 7b, 8a), which suggest that dilution due to increased
flows caused concentrations to drop, even though loads increased. In
contrast, Pb concentrations show a slight relative increase and the Pb
load peaks in Spring 2000 (Fig. 8b). The slight increase in dissolved Pb
concentration is accompanied by a drop in dissolved sulfate
concentration, which suggests that the precipitation of PbSO~4~
(anglesite) may be exerting a control on Pb solubility. In general,
loads decrease on a mass basis in the order (Table 2):

SO~4~ \> acidity \> Fe \> Zn \> Al \> Pb \> Cu \> Cd.

Periodic changes in this order occurred on a sample-date by sample-date
basis.

# SUMMARY

Prior to reclamation, the weathering of waste material derived from the
abandoned Valzinco mine, which exploited a Kuroko-type massive sulfide
deposit primarily for its Zn and Pb content, significantly impacted the
water quality of the Knight's Branch watershed. Waste materials included
original deposits of tailings material and tailings that have been
eroded, transported fluvially downstream and redeposited in quiescent
settings. Impacts included low pH (2.6 to 3.9), high total dissolved
solids (60 to 1,000 mg/L), and elevated dissolved metal concentrations.
Specifically, Fe, Al, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd exceed acute water-quality
guidelines for aquatic ecosystem health. Comparison of water-quality
parameters between site VLZN-3 at the downstream limit of the
reclamation project and site VLZN-11 approximately 1.3 km downstream of
the site VLZN-3 suggests that fluvial tailings between the two sites
contribute significantly to impaired downstream water quality.

![](media/image7.wmf){width="5.207638888888889in"
height="7.752777777777778in"}

> **Figure 7.** Seasonal variations of flow and dissolved Zn
> concentrations and loads. a. Estimated flow at site VLZN-3 based on
> gauged flow from the nearby Po River normalized to the catchment area
> of VLZN-3. Solid squares indicate sampling dates. b. Quarterly
> variations of dissolved zinc concentrations and loads.

![](media/image8.wmf){width="5.282638888888889in" height="8.5in"}

> **Figure 8.** Quarterly variations of dissolved iron and lead
> concentrations and loads.

**Table 2. Estimate of dissolved acid and metal daily loads in surface
waters at site VLZN-3**

  ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------
                           **Daily Load (grams)**

  **Acidity (CaCO~3~       
  equivalent)**            

  7/21/1999                7,210

  11/5/1999                80,580

  2/3/2000                 61,380

  4/26/2000                572,190

  7/20/2000                85,100

  10/24/2000               13,030

  2/7/2001                 84,600

  4/30/2001                

  **Sulfate (SO~4~)**      

  7/21/1999                24,190

  11/5/1999                82,680

  2/3/2000                 70,010

  4/26/2000                510,880

  7/20/2000                91,450

  10/24/2000               12,040

  2/7/2001                 85,780

  4/30/2001                40,590

  **Iron (Fe)**            

  7/21/1999                1,200

  11/5/1999                13,530

  2/3/2000                 15,340

  4/26/2000                94,610

  7/20/2000                16,800

  10/24/2000               1,350

  2/7/2001                 15,280

  4/30/2001                5,560

  **Aluminum (Al)**        

  7/21/1999                336

  11/5/1999                1,654

  2/3/2000                 1,151

  4/26/2000                20,814

  7/20/2000                1,306

  10/24/2000               162

  2/7/2001                 2,115

  4/30/2001                474

  **Zinc (Zn)**            

  7/21/1999                467

  11/5/1999                3,608

  2/3/2000                 2,781

  4/26/2000                35,951

  7/20/2000                5,226

  10/24/2000               470

  2/7/2001                 4,465

  4/30/2001                2,330
  ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------

**Table 2** **(continued).** Estimate of dissolved acid and metal daily
loads in surface waters at site VLZN-3

  ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------
                           **Daily Load (grams)**

  **Lead (Pb)**            

  7/21/1999                23

  11/5/1999                256

  2/3/2000                 173

  4/26/2000                4,920

  7/20/2000                289

  10/24/2000               34

  2/7/2001                 376

  4/30/2001                128

  **Copper (Cu)**          

  7/21/1999                38

  11/5/1999                105

  2/3/2000                 87

  4/26/2000                2,271

  7/20/2000                149

  10/24/2000               7

  2/7/2001                 164

  4/30/2001                48

  **Cadmium (Cd)**         

  7/21/1999                2

  11/5/1999                7

  2/3/2000                 7

  4/26/2000                146

  7/20/2000                9

  10/24/2000               1

  2/7/2001                 11

  4/30/2001                5
  ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------

# REFERENCES

Crock, J.G., Arbogast, B.F., and Lamothe, P. J., 1999, Laboratory
methods for the analysis of environmental samples, *in* Plumlee, G.S.,
and Logsdon, M.J. (eds.), The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral
Deposits, Part A. Processes, Techniques, and Health Issues: Society of
Economic Geologists, Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 6A, p. 265-287.

Ficklin, W.H., and Mosier, E.L., 1999, Field methods for sampling and
analysis of environmental samples for unstable and selected stable
constituents, *in* Plumlee, G.S., and Logsdon, M.J. (eds.), The
Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, Part A. Processes,
Techniques, and Health Issues: Society of Economic Geologists, Reviews
in Economic Geology, v. 6A, p. 249-264.

Grosh, W.A., 1949, Investigation of Valzinco lead-zinc mine,
Spotsylvania County, Virginia: U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of
Investigation 4403, 7 p.

Horton, J.W., Jr., Aleinikoff, J.N., Drake, A.A., Jr., and Fanning,
C.M., 1998, Significance of Middle to Late Ordovician volcanic-arc rocks
in the central Appalachian Piedmont, Maryland and Virginia: Geological
Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 30, p. 125.

Luttrell, G.W., 1966, Base- and precious-metal and related ore deposits
of Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral resources, Mineral Resources
Report 7, 167 p.

Pavlides, L., Gair, J.E., and Cranford, S.L., 1982, Central Virginia
volcanic-plutonic belt as a host for massive sulfide deposits: Economic
Geology, v. 77, p. 233-272.

Poole, J.L., 1974, Notes on some abandoned copper, lead, and zinc mines
in the Piedmont of Virginia: Virginia Minerals, v. 20, 6 p.

Seal, R.R.,II, Hammarstrom, J.M., Foley, N.K., and Alpers, C.N., 2000,
Geoenvironmental models for seafloor base- and precious-metal massive
sulfide deposits: Proceedings from the Fifth International Conference on
Acid Rock Drainage, Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration,
Inc., Denver, CO, v. 1, p. 151-160.

Smith, K.S., and Huyck, H.L.O., 1999, An overview of the abundance,
relative mobility, bioavailability, and human toxicity of metals, *in*
Plumlee, G.S., and Logsdon, M.J., eds., The environmental geochemistry
of mineral deposits, Part A, Processes, techniques, and health issues:
Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 6A, p. 29-70.

Sweet, P.C., 1980, Gold in Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral
Resources Publication 19, 77 p.

# APPENDIX 1: DESCRIPTIONS OF SAMPLE SITES

VLZN-1: 38° 10.678' N, 77° 47.902\' W; Knight's Branch beneath the
powerlines.

VLZN-2: Ponded, oxidized seep water on south side of Knight's Branch and
road across dam; contains abundant Fe floc.

VLZN-3: 38° 10.640' N, 77° 47.569' W; Knight's Branch at downstream
extent of reclamation project; quarterly monitoring site.

VLZN-4: 38° 10.683' N, 77° 47.908' W; Knight's Branch just upstream of
the bridge.

VLZN-6: 38° 10.666' N, 77° 47.908' W; Knight's Branch upstream from
tailings.

VLZN-7: 38° 10.655' N, 77° 47.850' W; small tributary emptying into
Knight's Branch from the south.

VLZN-8: 38° 10.630' N, 77° 47.818' W; small flow emerging from beneath
the flotation pond dam, south of Knight's Branch.

VLZN-9: Flow from seeps emerging from the road dam.

VLZN-10: Small, highly concentrated puddle (\< 3 L total volume) in
gulley under powerlines.

VLZN-11: 38° 10.587' N, 77° 46.969' W; Knight's Branch approximately 1
km downstream from VLZN-3; quarterly monitoring site.

VLZN-12: Channelized flow from seeps emerging from the road dam, prior
to entering the main channel of Knight's Branch.

VLZN-13: 38° 10. 753' N, 77° 46.970'W; Knight's Branch upstream from the
mine site, just below the confluence of two small tributaries; quarterly
monitoring site.

**APPENDIX 2: FIELD AND ANALYTICAL METHODS**

Water samples were collected in one-liter high-density polyethylene
bottles that were doubly-rinsed with sample water prior to collection.
Samples were divided into four splits for chemical analysis: two for
cation analysis, one for anion analysis, and one for alkalinity
determination. The cations splits included filtered (dissolved: FA) and
unfiltered (total acid soluble: RA) aliquots. Samples were filtered
through 0.45 μm nitrocellulose filters. Cation splits were stored at
ambient temperature in acid-washed (10 % HCl) high-density polyethylene
bottles and preserved with 1 drop of ultra-pure nitric acid per each 10
ml of sample. Anion and alkalinity splits were stored in high-density
polyethylene bottles that were not acid-washed and were refrigerated
until the time that they were analyzed.

On-site measurements at the time of collection included air temperature,
water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, dissolved
ferrous iron, dissolved total iron, dissolved sulfate, dissolved
nitrate, and water flow. Methods were similar to those outlined by
Ficklin and Mosier (1999). The pH was measured using an Orion 230A pH
meter with a 91-07 probe, calibrated with pH = 4.00 and 7.00 buffer
solutions. Specific conductance was measured with an Orion 135 specific
conductance meter. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined with
Chemetrix high-range ampoules. Dissolved total iron, and ferrous iron
concentrations were determined in the field using a Hach DR2000
spectrophotometer. Alkalinity samples were analyzed by Gran titration
with 0.18 N H~2~SO~4~.

Laboratory analytical methods are summarized by Crock and others (1999).
Cations were analyzed at U.S. Geological Survey (Central Mineral
Resources Team) laboratories in Denver, CO by inductively-coupled plasma
mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively-coupled plasma atomic
emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Anions were analyzed at U.S. Geological
Survey (Water Resources Division) laboratories in Ocala, FL by ion
chromatography (IC: chloride, and sulfate).

APPENDIX 3: QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA

  ------------ ----------- ------------ ------ ------------ ------ ------- -------- ------- -------
  Sample No.   Sample Type Date         pH     Spec.Cond.   IC     IC      ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS

                                               μS/cm        Cl     SO~4~   Ag       Al      As

                                                            mg/L   mg/L    μg/L     μg/L    μg/L

  FB040798 FA  Field Blank 4/7/1998                                        \< 0.01  \< 0.01 \< 0.2

  FB040798 RA  Field Blank 4/7/1998                                        \< 0.01  \< 0.01 \< 0.2

  FB070698 RA  Field Blank 7/6/1998                                        0.06     \< 0.01 \< 0.2

  FB070698 RA  Field Blank 7/6/1998                                        \< 0.01  \< 0.01 \< 0.2

  FB070698 FA  Field Blank 7/6/1998                                        0.03     \< 0.01 \< 0.2

  FB082598 RA  Field Blank 8/25/1998                                       0.02     \< 0.01 \< 0.2

  FB082598 FA  Field Blank 8/25/1998                                       0.01     \< 0.01 \< 0.2

  FB052898 FA  Field Blank 5/28/1998                                       \< 0.01  \< 0.01 \< 0.2

  FB052898 RA  Field Blank 5/28/1998                                       \< 0.01  \< 0.01 \< 0.2

  FB060599FA   Field Blank 6/5/1999                                        0.3      \<0.6   0.3

  FB060599 RA  Field Blank 6/5/1999                                        0.1      \<0.6   \<0.2

  FB042600 FA  Field Blank 4/26/2000                                       0.04     1       0.2

  FB042600 RA  Field Blank 4/26/2000                                       0.02     \<0.5   0.2

  FB042600D FA Field Blank 4/26/2000                                       0.01     \<0.5   0.2

  FB042600D RA Field Blank 4/26/2000                                       \<0.01   \<0.5   0.3

  FB72000 FA   Field Blank 7/20/2000                                       \<0.01   \<0.6   1.5

  FB72000 RA   Field Blank 7/20/2000                                       \<0.01   \<0.6   0.9

  FB102400 FA  Field Blank 10/24/2000                                      0.02     0.2     \<0.2

  FB102400 RA  Field Blank 10/24/2000                                      0.02     \<0.2   \<0.2

  FB42401 RA   Field Blank 4/24/2001                                       \<0.05   \<0.1   \<0.2

  FB 42401 FA  Field Blank 4/24/2001                                       \<0.05   \<0.1   \<0.2

  FB 5201 RA   Field Blank 5/2/2001                                        \<0.05   \<0.1   \<0.2

  FB 5201 FA   Field Blank 5/2/2001                                        \<0.05   \<0.1   \<0.2

  VLZN-3-4 FA  Duplicate   2/3/2000     3.93   139.0        5.6    73      \<0.01   830     \<0.2

  VLZN-3-4 RA  Duplicate   2/3/2000     3.93   139.0                       \<0.01   830     \<0.2

  VLZN-3-4D FA Duplicate   2/3/2000     3.95   138.7        5.7    72      \<0.01   860     \<0.2

  VLZN-3-4D RA Duplicate   2/3/2000     3.95   138.7                       \<0.01   860     \<0.2
  ------------ ----------- ------------ ------ ------------ ------ ------- -------- ------- -------

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA

  ------------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------
  Sample No.    ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS

                Au      Ba       Be       Bi      Ca       Cd       Ce      Co       Cr

                μg/L    μg/L     μg/L     μg/L    mg/L     μg/L     μg/L    μg/L     μg/L

  FB040798 FA   \< 0.01 0.2      \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.05  \< 0.02  \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 1

  FB040798 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.05  \< 0.02  \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 1

  FB070698 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.05  \< 0.02  \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 1

  FB070698 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.05  \< 0.02  \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 1

  FB070698 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.05  \< 0.02  \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 1

  FB082598 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.05  \< 0.02  \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 1

  FB082598 FA   \< 0.01 2        \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.05  \< 0.02  \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 1

  FB052898 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.05  \< 0.02  \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 1

  FB052898 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.05  \< 0.02  \< 0.01 \< 0.02  \< 1

  FB060599FA            0.6      \<0.05           \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 0.02     \<1

  FB060599 RA           0.5      \<0.05           \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 0.02     \<1

  FB042600 FA   \< 0.01 0.3      \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB042600 RA   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB042600D FA  \< 0.01 0.4      \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB042600D RA  \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB72000 FA    \< 0.01 0.8      \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB72000 RA    \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB102400 FA   \< 0.01 0.6      \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB102400 RA   \< 0.01 0.02     \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB42401 RA    \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB 42401 FA   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB 5201 RA    \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   0.03     \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  FB 5201 FA    \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<0.05   \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<0.02   \< 0.01 \<0.02   \<1

  VLZN-3-4 FA   \< 0.01 30       0.1      \< 0.01 1.5      6.9      9.1     19       \<1

  VLZN-3-4 RA   \< 0.01 32       0.2      \< 0.01 1.5      6.9      9.2     20       \<1

  VLZN-3-4D FA  \< 0.01 30       0.09     \< 0.01 1.6      7        9.2     20       \<1

  VLZN-3-4D RA  \< 0.01 30       0.2      \< 0.01 1.5      6.9      9.4     20       \<1
  ------------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA

  ------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
  Sample No.    ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS

                Cs      Cu      Dy      Er      Eu      Fe      Ga      Gd      Ge

                μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L

  FB040798 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.5  \<      \<      \<      \< 10   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB040798 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.5  \<      \<      \<      \< 10   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB070698 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.5  \<      \<      \<      \< 10   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB070698 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.5  \<      \<      \<      \< 10   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB070698 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.5  \<      \<      \<      \< 10   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB082598 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.5  \<      \<      \<      \< 10   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB082598 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.5  \<      \<      \<      \< 10   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB052898 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.5  \<      \<      \<      \< 10   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB052898 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.5  \<      \<      \<      \< 10   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB060599FA            \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      \<30            \<      
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB060599 RA           \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      \<30            \<      
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB042600 FA   \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      \<6     \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.03
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB042600 RA   \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      \<6     \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.03
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB042600D FA  \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      \<6     \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.03
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB042600D RA  \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      \<6     \< 0.02 0.006   \< 0.03
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                           

  FB72000 FA    \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      2       \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB72000 RA    \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      2       \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB102400 FA   \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      \<2     \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB102400 RA   \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      \<2     \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB42401 RA    \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      5.8     \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB 42401 FA   \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      5.4     \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB 5201 RA    \< 0.01 0.5     \<      \<      \<      5.9     \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  FB 5201 FA    \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<      \<      \<      3.7     \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02
                                0.005   0.005   0.005                   0.005   

  VLZN-3-4 FA   \< 0.01 91      0.42    0.18    0.16    11000   \< 0.02 0.74    \< 0.02

  VLZN-3-4 RA   \< 0.01 90      0.46    0.2     0.16    11000   \< 0.02 0.74    \< 0.02

  VLZN-3-4D FA  \< 0.01 90      0.41    0.2     0.16    11000   \< 0.02 0.77    \< 0.02

  VLZN-3-4D RA  \< 0.01 89      0.44    0.18    0.17    11000   \< 0.02 0.77    \< 0.02
  ------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA

  ------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------
  Sample No.    ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS

                Ho      In      K       La      Mg       Mn       Mo      Na       Nd

                μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    mg/L     μg/L     μg/L    mg/L     μg/L

  FB040798 FA   \<      \< 0.01 \< 0.3  \< 0.01 \< 0.01  \< 0.01  0.2     \< 0.01  \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB040798 RA   \<      \< 0.01 \< 0.3  \< 0.01 \< 0.01  \< 0.01  0.2     \< 0.01  \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB070698 RA   \<      \< 0.01 2.1     \< 0.01 \< 0.01  \< 0.01  0.4     \< 0.01  \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB070698 RA   \<      \< 0.01 0.3     \< 0.01 \< 0.01  \< 0.01  \< 0.02 \< 0.01  \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB070698 FA   \<      \< 0.01 2.6     \< 0.01 \< 0.01  \< 0.01  0.3     \< 0.01  \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB082598 RA   \<      \< 0.01 3.1     \< 0.01 \< 0.01  \< 0.01  0.2     \< 0.01  \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB082598 FA   \<      \< 0.01 3.5     \< 0.01 \< 0.01  \< 0.01  0.2     \< 0.01  \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB052898 FA   \<      \< 0.01 \< 0.3  \< 0.01 \< 0.01  \< 0.01  \< 0.02 \< 0.01  \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB052898 RA   \<      \< 0.01 \< 0.3  \< 0.01 \< 0.01  \< 0.01  \< 0.02 \< 0.01  \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB060599FA    \<      \< 0.01 \<2     \< 0.01 \<0.01   \<0.03   0.9     0.01     \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB060599 RA   \<      \< 0.01 7.5     \< 0.01 \<0.01   \<0.03   0.28    0.01     \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB042600 FA   \<      \< 0.01 \<20    \< 0.01 \<0.01   0.56     0.2     \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB042600 RA   \<      \< 0.01 \<20    \< 0.01 \<0.01   0.36     0.1     \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB042600D FA  \<      \< 0.01 \<20    \< 0.01 \<0.01   0.24     0.1     \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB042600D RA  \<      \< 0.01 \<20    \< 0.01 \<0.01   0.27     0.07    \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB72000 FA    \<      \< 0.01 \<2     \< 0.01 \<0.01   \<0.01   0.03    \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB72000 RA    \<      \< 0.01 \<2     \< 0.01 \<0.01   \<0.01   0.03    \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB102400 FA   \<      \< 0.01 \<7     \< 0.01 \<0.01   \<0.02   0.08    0.01     \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB102400 RA   \<      \< 0.01 \<7     \< 0.01 \<0.01   \<0.02   0.05    \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB42401 RA    \<      \< 0.01 4       \< 0.01 \<0.01   0.02     0.4     0.01     \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB 42401 FA   \<      \< 0.01 6       \< 0.01 \<0.01   \<0.01   0.2     \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB 5201 RA    \<      \< 0.01 7       \< 0.01 \<0.01   0.03     0.05    \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  FB 5201 FA    \<      \< 0.01 6       \< 0.01 \<0.01   0.01     0.03    \<0.01   \< 0.01
                0.005                                                              

  VLZN-3-4 FA   0.069   0.01    1400    4.5     2.2      410      0.02    2.8      4.6

  VLZN-3-4 RA   0.078   0.01    1400    4.6     2.2      420      \< 0.02 2.8      4.7

  VLZN-3-4D FA  0.075   0.01    1500    4.5     2.3      420      0.03    2.9      4.4

  VLZN-3-4D RA  0.079   0.01    1500    4.6     2.3      420      0.03    2.8      4.6
  ------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA

  ------------ ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------- ------- --------
  Sample No.   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS

               Ni      P       Pb       Pr      Rb      Re      Sb       Se      SiO~2~

               μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     μg/L    mg/L

  FB040798 FA  \< 0.1          0.07     \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.06     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB040798 RA  \< 0.1          \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.02     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB070698 RA  \< 0.1          \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.05     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB070698 RA  \< 0.1          \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \< 0.02  \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB070698 FA  \< 0.1          \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.1      \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB082598 RA  \< 0.1          \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \< 0.02  \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB082598 FA  \< 0.1          \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.04     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB052898 FA  \< 0.1          \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \< 0.02  \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB052898 RA  \< 0.1          \< 0.05  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \< 0.02  \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB060599FA   0.1     \< 1    \<0.05   \< 0.01 \< 0.01         0.21     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB060599 RA  0.1     \< 1    \<0.05   \< 0.01 0.01            0.05     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB042600 FA  \<0.1   \< 4    0.2      \< 0.01 0.01    \< 0.02 0.2      0.3     \< 0.5

  FB042600 RA  \<0.1   \< 4    0.1      \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.085    \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB042600D FA \<0.1   \< 4    0.1      \< 0.01 0.01    \< 0.02 0.15     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB042600D RA \<0.1   \< 4    0.1      \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.04     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB72000 FA   \<0.1   \< 3    \<0.05   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.04     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB72000 RA   \<0.1   \< 3    \<0.05   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB102400 FA  \<0.1   \< 2    \<0.05   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.05     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB102400 RA  \<0.1   \< 2    \<0.05   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB42401 RA   \<0.1   2       \<0.05   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 0.02     \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB 42401 FA  \<0.1   3       \<0.05   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB 5201 RA   \<0.1   1       \<0.05   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  FB 5201 FA   \<0.1   1       \<0.05   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2  \< 0.5

  VLZN-3-4 FA  4.9     \< 1    180      1.3     4.5     \< 0.02 0.06     \< 0.2  9.8

  VLZN-3-4 RA  4.8     \< 1    190      1.3     4.4     \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2  9.8

  VLZN-3-4D FA 5       \< 1    180      1.3     4.4     \< 0.02 0.1      \< 0.2  10

  VLZN-3-4D RA 4.9     \< 1    190      1.3     4.4     \< 0.02 0.02     \< 0.2  9.9
  ------------ ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------- ------- --------

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA

  ------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------
  Sample No.   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS

               Sm      Sr      Tb      Th      Tl       Tm      U       V       W

               μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L

  FB040798 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<      \<      \< 0.1  \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB040798 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<      \<      \< 0.1  \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB070698 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<      \<      \< 0.1  \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB070698 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<      \<      \< 0.1  \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB070698 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<      \<      \< 0.1  \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB082598 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<      \<      \< 0.1  \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB082598 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<      \<      \< 0.1  \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB052898 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<      \<      \< 0.1  \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB052898 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<      \<      \< 0.1  \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB060599FA   \< 0.01 0.07    \<              0.1      \<      \<      \<0.1   0.1
                               0.005                    0.005   0.005           

  FB060599 RA  \< 0.01 0.03    \<              \<0.05   \<      \<      \<0.1   0.08
                               0.005                    0.005   0.005           

  FB042600 FA  \< 0.01 0.02    \<      \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<      0.01    \<0.1   0.02
                               0.005                    0.005                   

  FB042600 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<      0.01    \<0.1   \< 0.02
                               0.005                    0.005                   

  FB042600D FA \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<      0.01    \<0.1   \< 0.02
                               0.005                    0.005                   

  FB042600D RA \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<      0.008   \<0.1   \< 0.02
                               0.005                    0.005                   

  FB72000 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \<0.05   \<      \<      \<0.1   \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB72000 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \<      \<0.05   \<      \<      \<0.1   \< 0.02
                               0.005   0.005            0.005   0.005           

  FB102400 FA  \< 0.01 0.04    \<      \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<      \<      \<0.1   0.04
                               0.005                    0.005   0.005           

  FB102400 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.01 \<0.05   \<      \<      \<0.1   0.03
                               0.005                    0.005   0.005           

  FB42401 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02 0.06     \<      0.08    \<0.2   \< 0.02
                               0.005                    0.005                   

  FB 42401 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02 \<0.05   \<      0.04    \<0.2   \< 0.02
                               0.005                    0.005                   

  FB 5201 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02 \<0.05   \<      0.01    \<0.2   \< 0.02
                               0.005                    0.005                   

  FB 5201 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.02 \<0.05   \<      0.008   \<0.2   \< 0.02
                               0.005                    0.005                   

  VLZN-3-4 FA  0.95    9.5     0.095   0.04    \<0.05   0.03    0.15    \<0.1   \< 0.02

  VLZN-3-4 RA  0.93    9.3     0.095   0.07    \<0.05   0.03    0.16    0.2     \< 0.02

  VLZN-3-4D FA 0.92    9.4     0.094   0.04    \<0.05   0.03    0.15    \<0.1   0.03

  VLZN-3-4D RA 0.95    9.4     0.093   0.07    \<0.05   0.03    0.16    0.1     \< 0.02
  ------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA

  ------------ ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Sample No.   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES

               Y       Yb      Zn      Ag       Al       As       Ba       Be       Ca

               μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     mg/L     μg/L     μg/L     μg/L     mg/L

  FB040798 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 1                                                    

  FB040798 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.5                                               

  FB070698 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.5                                               

  FB070698 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.5                                               

  FB070698 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.5                                               

  FB082598 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.5                                               

  FB082598 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 0.7                                                  

  FB052898 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.5                                               

  FB052898 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \< 0.5                                               

  FB060599FA           \< 0.01 2                                                    

  FB060599 RA          \< 0.01 1                                                    

  FB042600 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 1       \<10     \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB042600 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<10     \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB042600D FA \< 0.01 \< 0.01 1       \<10     \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB042600D RA \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<10     \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB72000 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 2       \<10     \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB72000 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<10     \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB102400 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 1       \<10     \<0.01   \<50     \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB102400 RA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<10     \<0.01   \<50     \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB42401 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<1      \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB 42401 FA  \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<1      \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB 5201 RA   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<1      \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  FB 5201 FA   \< 0.01 \< 0.01 \<0.5   \<1      \<0.01   \<100    \<1      \<10     \<0.1

  VLZN-3-4 FA  1.9     0.2     2900    \<10     1.2      \<100    29       \<10     1.9

  VLZN-3-4 RA  1.9     0.2     2900    \<10     1.2      \<100    28       \<10     1.9

  VLZN-3-4D FA 1.8     0.2     2900    \<10     1.1      \<100    27       \<10     1.8

  VLZN-3-4D RA 1.9     0.2     2900    \<10     1.2      \<100    27       \<10     1.8
  ------------ ------- ------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA

  ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Sample No.   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES

               Cd       Co       Cr       Cu       Fe       K        Mg       Mn       Mo

               μg/L     μg/L     μg/L     μg/L     mg/L     mg/L     mg/L     μg/L     μg/L

  FB040798 FA                                                                          

  FB040798 RA                                                                          

  FB070698 RA                                                                          

  FB070698 RA                                                                          

  FB070698 FA                                                                          

  FB082598 RA                                                                          

  FB082598 FA                                                                          

  FB052898 FA                                                                          

  FB052898 RA                                                                          

  FB060599FA                                                                           

  FB060599 RA                                                                          

  FB042600 FA  \<10     \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.05   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB042600 RA  \<10     \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.05   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB042600D FA \<10     \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.05   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB042600D RA \<10     \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.05   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB72000 FA   \<10     \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.05   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB72000 RA   \<10     \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.05   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB102400 FA  \<5      \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.02   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB102400 RA  \<5      \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.02   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB42401 RA   \<5      \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.02   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB 42401 FA  \<5      \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.02   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB 5201 RA   \<5      \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.02   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  FB 5201 FA   \<5      \<10     \<10     \<10     \<0.02   \<0.1    \<0.1    \<10     \<20

  VLZN-3-4 FA  \<10     26       \<10     110      16       1.8      2.8      500      \<20

  VLZN-3-4 RA  \<10     27       \<10     110      17       1.8      2.8      500      \<20

  VLZN-3-4D FA \<10     23       \<10     100      15       1.7      2.6      460      \<20

  VLZN-3-4D RA \<10     26       \<10     100      16       1.6      2.6      470      \<20
  ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

APPENDIX 3 (cont.): QUALITY-CONTROL AND QUALITY-ASSURANCE DATA

  ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Sample No.   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES   ICPAES

               Na       Ni       P        Pb       Sb       Si       Sr       Ti       Zn

               mg/L     μg/L     mg/L     μg/L     μg/L     mg/L     μg/L     μg/L     μg/L

  FB040798 FA                                                                          

  FB040798 RA                                                                          

  FB070698 RA                                                                          

  FB070698 RA                                                                          

  FB070698 FA                                                                          

  FB082598 RA                                                                          

  FB082598 FA                                                                          

  FB052898 FA                                                                          

  FB052898 RA                                                                          

  FB060599FA                                                                           

  FB060599 RA                                                                          

  FB042600 FA  \<0.1    \<10     \<100    \<100    \<100    \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB042600 RA  \<0.1    \<10     \<100    \<100    \<100    \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB042600D FA \<0.1    \<10     \<100    \<100    \<100    \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB042600D RA \<0.1    \<10     \<100    \<100    \<100    \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB72000 FA   \<0.1    \<10     \<100    \<100    \<100    \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB72000 RA   \<0.1    \<10     \<100    \<100    \<100    \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB102400 FA  \<0.1    \<10     \<100    \<50     \<50     \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB102400 RA  \<0.1    \<10     \<100    \<50     \<50     \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB42401 RA   \<0.1    \<10     \<0.1    \<50     \<50     \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB 42401 FA  \<0.1    \<10     \<0.1    \<50     \<50     \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB 5201 RA   \<0.1    \<10     \<0.1    \<50     \<50     \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  FB 5201 FA   \<0.1    \<10     \<0.1    \<50     \<50     \<0.1    \<1      \<50     \<10

  VLZN-3-4 FA  3.6      \<10     \<100    220      \<100    5.5      9.5      \<50     3400

  VLZN-3-4 RA  3.7      \<10     \<100    220      \<100    5.7      9        \<50     3400

  VLZN-3-4D FA 3.4      \<10     \<100    210      \<100    5.2      8.6      \<50     3200

  VLZN-3-4D RA 3.4      \<10     \<100    200      \<100    5.3      8.7      \<50     3300
  ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

# APPENDIX 4: WATER QUALITY DATA

  ----------- -------------- ------------- ------------ ------ ------- ------- ----- --------- ------
  Field No.   Latitude       Longitude     Date         T air  T water Flow    pH    spec      DO
                                                                                     conduct   

                                                        °C     °C      L/s           μS/cm     mg/L

                                                                                               

  VLZN-1-1 RA 38°10.678'N    77°47.902'W   5/22/1998    21.0   20.3            6.1   30.7      11

  VLZN-2-1 FA 38°10.655'N    77°47.826'W   5/22/1998    20.7   14.8            6.4   209.7     2

  VLZN-2-1 RA 38°10.655'N    77°47.826'W   5/22/1998    20.7   14.8            6.4   209.7     2

  VLZN-3-1 FA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   5/22/1998    18.5   17.2    12.5    3.9   124.8     7

  VLZN-3-1 RA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   5/22/1998    18.5   17.2    12.5    3.9   124.8     7

  VLZN3-2 FA  38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   7/21/1999    29.7   26.0    0.2     2.9   1225.0    9

  VLZN3-2 RA  38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   7/21/1999    29.7   26.0    0.2     2.9   1225.0    9

  VLZN-3-3 FA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   11/5/1999    7.8    5.5     8.7     3.3   247.0     8

  VLZN-3-3 RA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   11/4/1999    7.8    5.5     8.7     3.3   247.0     8

  VLZN-3-4 FA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   2/3/2000     6.5    1.0     11.1    3.9   139.0     9

  VLZN-3-4 RA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   2/3/2000     6.5    1.0     11.1    3.9   139.0     9

  VLZN-3-4D   38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   2/3/2000     6.5    0.9     11.1    3.9   138.7     9
  FA                                                                                           

  VLZN-3-4D   38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   2/3/2000     6.5    0.9     11.1    3.9   138.7     
  RA                                                                                           

  VLZN-3-5 FA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   4/26/2000    15.4   13.7    219.0   3.7   88.5      10

  VLZN-3-5 RA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   4/26/2000    15.4   13.7    219.0   3.7   88.5      10

  VLZN-3-6 FA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   7/20/2000    22.6   23.5    10.8    3.2   363.0     9

  VLZN-3-6 RA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   7/20/2000    22.6   23.5    10.8    3.2   363.0     9

  VLZN-3-7 FA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   10/24/2000   12.5   10.5    1.7     2.6   371.0     8

  VLZN-3-7 RA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   10/24/2000   12.5   10.5    1.7     2.6   371.0     8

  VLZN-3-8 FA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   2/7/2001     12.7   6.0     13.6    2.7   249.0     11

  VLZN-3-8 RA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   2/7/2001     12.7   6.0     13.6    2.7   249.0     11

  VLZN-3-9 FA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   4/30/2001    24.9   19.7    8.7     3.7   188.1     6

  VLZN-3-9 RA 38°10.640\'N   77°47.569'W   4/30/2001    24.9   19.7    8.7     3.7   188.1     6

  VLZN-4-1 FA 38°10.683\'N   77°47.675'W   5/22/1998    22.5   23.1            4.8   73.1      6.5

  VLZN-4-1 RA 38°10.683\'N   77°47.675'W   5/22/1998    22.5   23.1            4.8   73.1      6.5

  VLZN-4-8 FA 38°10.683\'N   77°47.675'W   2/7/2001     14.8   12.5            3.7   273.0     6

  VLZN-4-8 RA 38°10.683\'N   77°47.675'W   2/7/2001     14.8   12.5            3.7   273.0     6

  VLZN-6-1 RA 38°10.666\'N   77°47.908'W   5/22/1998    21.4   18.4            6.0   29.7      7

  VLZN-7-1 FA 38°10.655\'N   77°47.850'W   5/22/1998    22.3   29.7            5.1   76.9      7

  VLZN-7-1 RA 38°10.655\'N   77°47.850'W   5/22/1998    22.3   29.7            5.1   76.9      7

  VLZN-8-1 FA 38°10.630\'N   77°47.818'W   5/22/1998    24.0   19.1            2.9   1375.0    9

  VLZN-8-1 RA 38°10.630\'N   77°47.818'W   5/22/1998    24.0   19.1            2.9   1375.0    9

  VLZN-9-2 FA 38°10.659\'N   77°47.763'W   7/21/1999    29.7   30.5            2.9   837.0     7

  VLZN-9-2 RA 38°10.659\'N   77°47.763'W   7/21/1999    29.7   30.5            2.9   837.0     7

  VLZN-10-2   38°10.650\'N   77°47.904'W   7/21/1999    31.3   31.1            1.1   25800.0   \-
  FA                                                                                           

  VLZN-10-2   38°10.650\'N   77°47.904'W   7/21/1999    31.3   31.1            1.1   25800.0   \-
  RA                                                                                           
  ----------- -------------- ------------- ------------ ------ ------- ------- ----- --------- ------

#  

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  ------------- ------------------ --------- ------------ ------ ------- -------- --------- -------
  Field No.     Fe^2+^/Fe~Total~   Acidity   Alkalinity   IC     IC      ICPMS    ICPAES    ICPMS

                                   CaCO~3~   CaCO~3~      Cl     SO~4~   Ag       Al        As

                                   mg/L      mg/L         mg/L   mg/L    μg/L     mg/L      μg/L

  VLZN-1-1 RA   0.161                                            nd      0.02     0.43      0.5

  VLZN-2-1 FA   0.445                                     1.8    62      \< 0.01  0.00      1

  VLZN-2-1 RA   0.445                                                    \< 0.01  0.05      0.8

  VLZN-3-1 FA   0.567                                     1.8    51      \< 0.01  0.83      \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-1 RA   0.498                                                    \< 0.01  0.95      \< 0.2

  VLZN3-2 FA    0.542              417.2                  3      1400    0.04     19.47     1

  VLZN3-2 RA    0.542                                                    0.1      19.47     2

  VLZN-3-3 FA   0.861              107.2                  2.5    110     \<0.01   2.20      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-3 RA   0.861                                                    \<0.01   2.20      0.2

  VLZN-3-4 FA   0.866              64                     5.6    73      \<0.01   1.20      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-4 RA   0.866                                                    \<0.01   1.20      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-4D FA  0.851              58.7                   5.7    72      \<0.01   1.10      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-4D RA  0.851                                                    \<0.01   1.20      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-5 FA   0.521              30.24                  2.9    27      0.03     1.10      0.8

  VLZN-3-5 RA   0.521                                                    \<0.01   0.89      0.7

  VLZN-3-6 FA   0.923              91.2                   2.3    98      \<0.01   1.40      0.7

  VLZN-3-6 RA   0.923                                                    0.02     1.40      0.8

  VLZN-3-7 FA   0.517              88.72                  1.9    82      \<0.01   1.10      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-7 RA   0.517                                                    \<0.01   1.10      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-8 FA   0.840              72                     5      73      \<0.05   1.80      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-8 RA   0.840                                                    \<0.05   1.80      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-9 FA                                             2.9    54      \<0.05   0.63      \<0.2

  VLZN-3-9 RA                                                            \<0.05   0.70      0.3

  VLZN-4-1 FA   0.478                                     2.2    28      \< 0.01  0.38      \< 0.2

  VLZN-4-1 RA   0.351                                                    \< 0.01  0.66      \< 0.2

  VLZN-4-8 FA   0.983              104                    5.5    99      \<0.05   3.10      \<0.2

  VLZN-4-8 RA   0.983                                                    \<0.05   3.10      0.3

  VLZN-6-1 RA                                                            0.04     0.31      0.5

  VLZN-7-1 FA   1.371                                     2      29      \< 0.01  0.07      \< 0.2

  VLZN-7-1 RA   0.640                                                    0.07     1.08      0.2

  VLZN-8-1 FA   0.029                                     1.4    710     0.03     41.54     0.3

  VLZN-8-1 RA   0.029                                                    0.1      41.54     0.4

  VLZN-9-2 FA   0.580              78.5                   2.4    260     0.06     0.58      \<0.2

  VLZN-9-2 RA   0.580                                                    0.1      0.73      \<0.2

  VLZN-10-2 FA  0.650              27064.3                41     53604   \<1      1038.40   \<20

  VLZN-10-2 RA  0.650                                                    \<1      1090.32   280
  ------------- ------------------ --------- ------------ ------ ------- -------- --------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- ------- -------
  Field No.       ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPAES   ICPMS   ICPMS

                  Au      Ba      Be       Bi      Ca       Cd      Ce

                  μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     μg/L    mg/L     μg/L    μg/L

  VLZN-1-1 RA     \< 0.01 22      \< 0.05  0.04    1.6      0.3     3.9

  VLZN-2-1 FA     \< 0.01 27      \< 0.05  \< 0.01 6.9      \< 0.02 0.08

  VLZN-2-1 RA     \< 0.01 27      \< 0.05  \< 0.01 6.8      \< 0.02 0.3

  VLZN-3-1 FA     \< 0.01 23      0.2      \< 0.01 1.9      5.2     7.5

  VLZN-3-1 RA     \< 0.01 24      0.09     \< 0.01 1.9      5.4     8.3

  VLZN3-2 FA              46      1.1              5.8      88      71

  VLZN3-2 RA              46      1                5.8      89      72

  VLZN-3-3 FA     \< 0.01 34      0.2      \< 0.02 2.2      8.9     12

  VLZN-3-3 RA     \< 0.01 34      0.3      \< 0.02 2.2      8.7     12

  VLZN-3-4 FA     \< 0.01 30      0.1      \< 0.01 1.9      6.9     9.1

  VLZN-3-4 RA     \< 0.01 32      0.2      \< 0.01 1.9      6.9     9.2

  VLZN-3-4D FA    \< 0.01 30      0.09     \< 0.01 1.8      7       9.2

  VLZN-3-4D RA    \< 0.01 30      0.2      \< 0.01 1.8      6.9     9.4

  VLZN-3-5 FA     \< 0.01 47      0.2      0.05    1.6      7.7     7.3

  VLZN-3-5 RA     \< 0.01 46      0.1      \< 0.01 1.6      7.6     6.5

  VLZN-3-6 FA     \< 0.01 30      0.2      \< 0.01 2.2      10      13

  VLZN-3-6 RA     \< 0.01 30      0.2      \< 0.01 2.0      10      13

  VLZN-3-7 FA     \< 0.01 27      0.08     \< 0.01 2.3      3.2     8.5

  VLZN-3-7 RA     \< 0.01 27      0.08     \< 0.01 2.4      3.1     8.5

  VLZN-3-8 FA     \< 0.01 27      0.1      \< 0.01 2.1      9.1     10

  VLZN-3-8 RA     \< 0.01 27      0.21     \< 0.01 2.1      9.3     11

  VLZN-3-9 FA     \< 0.01 33      0.1      \< 0.01 2.2      6.2     8.3

  VLZN-3-9 RA     \< 0.01 32      0.1      \< 0.01 2.1      6.2     8.5

  VLZN-4-1 FA     \< 0.01 22      0.07     \< 0.01 1.7      6       6.5

  VLZN-4-1 RA     \< 0.01 22      0.07     \< 0.01 1.7      6       8.3

  VLZN-4-8 FA     \< 0.01 23      0.1      \< 0.01 2.0      18      15

  VLZN-4-8 RA     \< 0.01 24      0.2      0.03    2.0      19      16

  VLZN-6-1 RA     \< 0.01 23      0.1      0.01    1.7      0.04    3.5

  VLZN-7-1 FA     \< 0.01 16      \< 0.05  \< 0.01 0.7      1.5     0.51

  VLZN-7-1 RA     0.01    19      0.06     0.7     0.8      3.5     1.7

  VLZN-8-1 FA     \< 0.01 30      2.6      \< 0.01 14.6     460     170

  VLZN-8-1 RA     \< 0.01 29      3        0.08    13.3     450     170

  VLZN-9-2 FA             32      \<0.05           13.3     2       2.2

  VLZN-9-2 RA             34      0.06             13.3     2.4     2.5

  VLZN-10-2 FA    \< 1    \<2     40       2       100.7    3000    870

  VLZN-10-2 RA    \< 1    \<2     50       \< 1    112.8    3100    910
  --------------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- ------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ---------- -------
  Field No.       ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPAES     ICPMS

                  Co      Cr      Cs      Cu      Dy      Fe         Er

                  μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    mg/L       μg/L

  VLZN-1-1 RA     5.2     1       \< 0.01 16      0.14    8.13       0.079

  VLZN-2-1 FA     17      \< 1    \< 0.01 1       \<      34.85      \<
                                                  0.005              0.005

  VLZN-2-1 RA     17      \< 1    \< 0.01 6       \<      34.85      0.01
                                                  0.005              

  VLZN-3-1 FA     12      \< 1    \< 0.01 62      0.3     5.23       0.13

  VLZN-3-1 RA     12      \< 1    \< 0.01 66      0.34    5.95       0.15

  VLZN3-2 FA      140     5               2200    2.9     69.70      1.3

  VLZN3-2 RA      140     5               2200    3       69.70      1.3

  VLZN-3-3 FA     33      \<1     \< 0.01 140     0.5     18.00      0.22

  VLZN-3-3 RA     32      \<1     \< 0.01 140     0.5     19.00      0.21

  VLZN-3-4 FA     19      \<1     \< 0.01 91      0.42    16.00      0.18

  VLZN-3-4 RA     20      \<1     \< 0.01 90      0.46    17.00      0.2

  VLZN-3-4D FA    20      \<1     \< 0.01 90      0.41    15.00      0.2

  VLZN-3-4D RA    20      \<1     \< 0.01 89      0.44    16.00      0.18

  VLZN-3-5 FA     7.2     1       \< 0.01 120     0.33    5.00       0.14

  VLZN-3-5 RA     7.2     1       \< 0.01 120     0.32    4.20       0.13

  VLZN-3-6 FA     36      \<1     0.03    160     0.45    18.00      0.2

  VLZN-3-6 RA     36      \<1     0.03    160     0.46    18.00      0.19

  VLZN-3-7 FA     20      \<1     0.01    49      0.36    9.20       0.18

  VLZN-3-7 RA     20      \<1     \< 0.01 50      0.37    11.00      0.16

  VLZN-3-8 FA     26      \<1     \< 0.01 140     0.48    13.00      0.21

  VLZN-3-8 RA     26      \<1     \< 0.01 140     0.5     13.00      0.22

  VLZN-3-9 FA     18      \<1     0.01    64      0.34    7.40       0.16

  VLZN-3-9 RA     19      \<1     0.01    67      0.36    8.20       0.16

  VLZN-4-1 FA     9.2     \< 1    \< 0.01 62      0.24    5.23       0.12

  VLZN-4-1 RA     9.1     \< 1    \< 0.01 70      0.31    7.11       0.17

  VLZN-4-8 FA     40      \<1     \< 0.01 220     0.75    28.00      0.34

  VLZN-4-8 RA     41      \<1     \< 0.01 220     0.78    30.00      0.34

  VLZN-6-1 RA     4       1       \< 0.01 8       0.15    5.23       0.058

  VLZN-7-1 FA     5.6     \< 1    0.06    20      0.03    10.16      0.02

  VLZN-7-1 RA     7.6     \< 1    0.1     120     0.11    21.78      0.053

  VLZN-8-1 FA     130     2       0.04    7200    3.2     62.44      1.4

  VLZN-8-1 RA     130     2       0.04    7100    3.3     62.44      1.3

  VLZN-9-2 FA     9       \<1             21      0.064   5.52       0.03

  VLZN-9-2 RA     10      \<1             34      0.09    10.60      0.04

  VLZN-10-2 FA    14000   400     1       59000   93      15972.00   38

  VLZN-10-2 RA    15000   400     1       62000   110     17424.00   42
  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ---------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
  Field No.       ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPAES

                  Eu      Ga      Gd      Ge      Ho      In      K

                  μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    mg/L

  VLZN-1-1 RA     0.04    0.09    0.21    \< 0.02 0.03    \< 0.01 1.1

  VLZN-2-1 FA     \<      \< 0.02 0.005   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.01 4.4
                  0.005                           0.005           

  VLZN-2-1 RA     \<      \< 0.02 0.007   \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.01 4.3
                  0.005                           0.005           

  VLZN-3-1 FA     0.094   0.08    0.56    \< 0.02 0.05    \< 0.01 1.9

  VLZN-3-1 RA     0.1     0.09    0.6     \< 0.02 0.053   \< 0.01 1.9

  VLZN3-2 FA      1.2             5.2             0.54    0.7     3.6

  VLZN3-2 RA      1.2             5.2             0.56    0.72    3.6

  VLZN-3-3 FA     0.19    \< 0.02 0.78    \< 0.02 0.091   0.02    2.4

  VLZN-3-3 RA     0.18    \< 0.02 0.78    \< 0.02 0.083   0.02    2.5

  VLZN-3-4 FA     0.16    \< 0.02 0.74    \< 0.02 0.069   0.01    1.8

  VLZN-3-4 RA     0.16    \< 0.02 0.74    \< 0.02 0.078   0.01    1.8

  VLZN-3-4D FA    0.16    \< 0.02 0.77    \< 0.02 0.075   0.01    1.7

  VLZN-3-4D RA    0.17    \< 0.02 0.77    \< 0.02 0.079   0.01    1.6

  VLZN-3-5 FA     0.11    0.09    0.44    \< 0.03 0.074   0.03    1.4

  VLZN-3-5 RA     0.09    \< 0.02 0.42    \< 0.03 0.057   \< 0.01 1.3

  VLZN-3-6 FA     0.16    0.02    0.78    0.03    0.066   0.02    2.6

  VLZN-3-6 RA     0.15    \< 0.02 0.8     \< 0.02 0.068   0.02    2.6

  VLZN-3-7 FA     0.14    \< 0.02 0.7     \< 0.02 0.062   0.01    3.0

  VLZN-3-7 RA     0.14    0.03    0.67    \< 0.02 0.062   \< 0.01 3.1

  VLZN-3-8 FA     0.17    \< 0.02 0.88    \< 0.02 0.09    0.02    2.1

  VLZN-3-8 RA     0.17    \< 0.02 0.89    \< 0.02 0.088   0.02    2.2

  VLZN-3-9 FA     0.14    \< 0.02 0.67    \< 0.02 0.058   \< 0.01 2.1

  VLZN-3-9 RA     0.13    \< 0.02 0.67    \< 0.02 0.065   \< 0.01 2.1

  VLZN-4-1 FA     0.091   0.07    0.48    \< 0.02 0.04    \< 0.01 1.6

  VLZN-4-1 RA     0.12    0.1     0.65    \< 0.02 0.056   \< 0.01 1.6

  VLZN-4-8 FA     0.3     \< 0.02 1.4     \< 0.02 0.13    0.02    2.3

  VLZN-4-8 RA     0.3     \< 0.02 1.5     \< 0.02 0.14    0.03    2.3

  VLZN-6-1 RA     0.03    0.05    0.17    \< 0.02 0.02    \< 0.01 1.0

  VLZN-7-1 FA     \<      \< 0.02 0.05    \< 0.02 \<      \< 0.01 2.8
                  0.005                           0.005           

  VLZN-7-1 RA     0.02    0.4     0.19    0.04    0.01    0.1     3.3

  VLZN-8-1 FA     1.4     1.4     6.4     0.08    0.55    0.3     3.6

  VLZN-8-1 RA     1.4     1.4     6.2     0.1     0.53    0.31    3.6

  VLZN-9-2 FA     0.02            0.13            0.02    \< 0.01 12.8

  VLZN-9-2 RA     0.03            0.14            0.02    \< 0.01 12.8

  VLZN-10-2 FA    33      \< 2    140     \< 3    15      47      \<0.5

  VLZN-10-2 RA    36      98      140     \< 3    16      51      \<0.5
  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------

#  

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- ------- -------
  Field No.       ICPMS   ICPAES   ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPAES   ICPMS   ICPMS

                  La      Mg       Mn       Mo      Na       Nd      Ni

                  μg/L    mg/L     μg/L     μg/L    mg/L     μg/L    μg/L

  VLZN-1-1 RA     1.2     1.4      370      0.5     2.8      1.4     0.2

  VLZN-2-1 FA     0.02    5.7      3600     0.07    1.8      0.02    \< 0.1

  VLZN-2-1 RA     0.09    5.6      3600     \< 0.02 1.8      0.05    \< 0.1

  VLZN-3-1 FA     3.7     2.5      530      0.08    2.4      3.4     2

  VLZN-3-1 RA     4       2.5      540      0.05    2.4      3.9     2.1

  VLZN3-2 FA      29      11.5     2100     0.04    2.1      36      37

  VLZN3-2 RA      30      11.5     2200     0.07    2.1      36      37

  VLZN-3-3 FA     5.5     3.4      770      0.03    2.4      5.6     7.8

  VLZN-3-3 RA     5.4     3.5      750      0.04    2.5      5.6     7.8

  VLZN-3-4 FA     4.5     2.8      410      0.02    3.6      4.6     4.9

  VLZN-3-4 RA     4.6     2.8      420      \< 0.02 3.7      4.7     4.8

  VLZN-3-4D FA    4.5     2.6      420      0.03    3.4      4.4     5

  VLZN-3-4D RA    4.6     2.6      420      0.03    3.4      4.6     4.9

  VLZN-3-5 FA     2.8     1.4      220      0.1     2.3      3.2     3.9

  VLZN-3-5 RA     2.4     1.3      220      0.09    2.2      2.9     2.6

  VLZN-3-6 FA     6       3.5      960      0.1     2.5      6.1     8.4

  VLZN-3-6 RA     6       3.4      990      0.06    2.3      6.2     9

  VLZN-3-7 FA     4.4     3.7      1000     0.1     2.5      4.5     5.3

  VLZN-3-7 RA     4.5     3.7      1000     0.05    2.4      4.5     5.3

  VLZN-3-8 FA     5.5     3.0      560      0.04    3.6      5.6     6.2

  VLZN-3-8 RA     5.6     3.1      560      0.06    3.6      5.6     6.2

  VLZN-3-9 FA     4.5     2.7      820      \< 0.02 2.8      4.3     4.7

  VLZN-3-9 RA     4.6     2.6      830      \< 0.02 2.8      4.5     4.8

  VLZN-4-1 FA     3.4     2.1      460      \< 0.02 2.5      3.3     1.5

  VLZN-4-1 RA     4       2.1      460      \< 0.02 2.5      4.3     1.5

  VLZN-4-8 FA     9       4.0      620      0.04    4.0      9.6     10

  VLZN-4-8 RA     9.2     4.0      620      0.05    4.0      9.7     10

  VLZN-6-1 RA     1       1.3      420      0.4     3.2      1.1     \< 0.1

  VLZN-7-1 FA     0.5     1.4      260      \< 0.02 2.0      0.32    2.5

  VLZN-7-1 RA     1.1     2.4      480      \< 0.02 2.0      0.93    4.9

  VLZN-8-1 FA     30      12.6     1900     \< 0.02 1.4      42      48

  VLZN-8-1 RA     30      13.8     1900     \< 0.02 1.4      41      48

  VLZN-9-2 FA     0.82    8.5      6200     0.2     1.9      0.75    3.5

  VLZN-9-2 RA     0.95    8.4      6000     0.3     2.0      0.91    5

  VLZN-10-2 FA    340     1032.3   220000   5       4.5      650     3900

  VLZN-10-2 RA    360     1066.7   230000   6       \<1      700     4300
  --------------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- ------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  ---------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------
  Field No.        ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS

                   P       Pb      Pr      Rb      Re      Sb       Se

                   μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     μg/L

  VLZN-1-1 RA              42      0.32    3       \< 0.02 0.1      \< 0.2

  VLZN-2-1 FA              0.5     \< 0.01 12      \< 0.02 0.78     \< 0.2

  VLZN-2-1 RA              33      0.01    11      \< 0.02 1.2      \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-1 FA              200     0.93    7.2     \< 0.02 0.08     \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-1 RA              230     1       7.2     \< 0.02 \< 0.02  \< 0.2

  VLZN3-2 FA       \< 6    1300    7.7     20              0.1      0.7

  VLZN3-2 RA       \< 6    1400    8       20              0.1      0.9

  VLZN-3-3 FA      \< 1    340     1.5     9       \< 0.02 0.13     0.2

  VLZN-3-3 RA      \< 1    330     1.5     8.8     \< 0.02 \<0.03   \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-4 FA      \< 1    180     1.3     4.5     \< 0.02 0.06     \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-4 RA      \< 1    190     1.3     4.4     \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-4D FA     \< 1    180     1.3     4.4     \< 0.02 0.1      \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-4D RA     \< 1    190     1.3     4.4     \< 0.02 0.02     \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-5 FA      10      260     0.83    4.3     \< 0.02 0.16     0.3

  VLZN-3-5 RA      6       200     0.74    3.9     \< 0.02 0.69     0.3

  VLZN-3-6 FA      \< 3    310     1.4     13      \< 0.02 0.06     0.3

  VLZN-3-6 RA      \< 3    320     1.4     13      \< 0.02 0.04     0.4

  VLZN-3-7 FA      \< 2    230     1.2     14      \< 0.02 0.03     \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-7 RA      \< 2    240     1.2     14      \< 0.02 0.02     \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-8 FA      \< 1    320     1.5     7.3     \< 0.02 0.05     \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-8 RA      \< 1    320     1.6     7.6     \< 0.02 0.02     \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-9 FA      5       170     1.1     9.4     \< 0.02 0.2      \< 0.2

  VLZN-3-9 RA      8       170     1.2     9.5     \< 0.02 0.04     \< 0.2

  VLZN-4-1 FA              79      0.89    6.3     \< 0.02 0.1      \< 0.2

  VLZN-4-1 RA              120     1.1     6.2     \< 0.02 \< 0.02  \< 0.2

  VLZN-4-8 FA      \< 1    270     2.6     8.4     \< 0.02 0.06     \< 0.2

  VLZN-4-8 RA      1       310     2.6     8.4     \< 0.02 0.06     \< 0.2

  VLZN-6-1 RA              16      0.27    2       \< 0.02 0.09     \< 0.2

  VLZN-7-1 FA              760     0.09    18      \< 0.02 0.1      \< 0.2

  VLZN-7-1 RA              1800    0.27    23      \< 0.02 1        \< 0.2

  VLZN-8-1 FA              2800    10      24      \< 0.02 0.09     1

  VLZN-8-1 RA              2900    9.9     23      \< 0.02 0.1      1

  VLZN-9-2 FA      \< 6    160     0.2     29              0.06     \< 0.2

  VLZN-9-2 RA      \< 6    170     0.21    31              0.07     \< 0.2

  VLZN-10-2 FA     2500    2100    150     4       \< 2    10       \< 40

  VLZN-10-2 RA     2400    1500    160     30      \< 2    10       70
  ---------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------
  Field No.       ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS

                  SiO~2~   Sm      Sr      Tb      Th      Tl       Tm

                  mg/L     μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     μg/L

  VLZN-1-1 RA     12       0.25    7.3     0.03    0.16    \< 0.05  0.007

  VLZN-2-1 FA     11       \< 0.01 18      \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<
                                           0.005   0.005            0.005

  VLZN-2-1 RA     10       0.02    18      \<      \<      \< 0.05  \<
                                           0.005   0.005            0.005

  VLZN-3-1 FA     12       0.63    8       0.059   0.01    \< 0.05  0.02

  VLZN-3-1 RA     12       0.74    8       0.07    0.04    \< 0.05  0.02

  VLZN3-2 FA      18       7.3     21      0.61            0.3      0.18

  VLZN3-2 RA      18       7.7     21      0.63            0.3      0.2

  VLZN-3-3 FA     13       1.2     11      0.094   0.056   \<0.1    0.03

  VLZN-3-3 RA     12       1.1     11      0.098   0.06    \<0.1    0.03

  VLZN-3-4 FA     9.8      0.95    9.5     0.095   0.04    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-3-4 RA     9.8      0.93    9.3     0.095   0.07    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-3-4D FA    10       0.92    9.4     0.094   0.04    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-3-4D RA    9.9      0.95    9.4     0.093   0.07    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-3-5 FA     7.9      0.64    10      0.072   0.14    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-3-5 RA     7.8      0.59    10      0.07    0.16    \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-3-6 FA     20       1.1     10      0.082   0.04    0.07     0.02

  VLZN-3-6 RA     20       1.1     11      0.072   0.06    0.07     0.03

  VLZN-3-7 FA     15       0.84    13      0.09    0.02    \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-3-7 RA     15       0.84    13      0.083   0.03    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-3-8 FA     13       1.1     10      0.11    0.05    0.05     0.03

  VLZN-3-8 RA     13       1.1     11      0.11    0.06    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-3-9 FA     15       0.85    12      0.072   \< 0.02 \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-3-9 RA     15       0.88    13      0.076   \< 0.02 \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-4-1 FA     12       0.68    7.9     0.052   0.01    \< 0.05  0.01

  VLZN-4-1 RA     12       0.83    7.9     0.064   0.06    \< 0.05  0.02

  VLZN-4-8 FA     13       1.9     9.8     0.17    0.05    0.05     0.05

  VLZN-4-8 RA     13       2       10      0.17    0.07    0.06     0.053

  VLZN-6-1 RA     12       0.2     8       0.02    0.14    \< 0.05  0.01

  VLZN-7-1 FA     13       0.07    2.6     \<      \<      0.1      \<
                                           0.005   0.005            0.005

  VLZN-7-1 RA     15       0.2     2.8     0.02    0.36    0.3      \<
                                                                    0.005

  VLZN-8-1 FA     28       8.6     67      0.76    1.8     0.5      0.2

  VLZN-8-1 RA     29       8.7     66      0.78    1.8     0.4      0.2

  VLZN-9-2 FA     17       0.1     34      0.01            0.1      \<
                                                                    0.005

  VLZN-9-2 RA     18       0.2     35      0.02            0.2      0.006

  VLZN-10-2 FA    100      180     20      19      200     \<5      5.8

  VLZN-10-2 RA    100      170     36      22      210     \<5      5.3
  --------------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  ----------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
  Field No.         ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS

                    U        V        W        Y        Yb       Zn

                    μg/L     μg/L     μg/L     μg/L     μg/L     μg/L

  VLZN-1-1 RA       0.08     2        \< 0.02  0.94     0.08     300

  VLZN-2-1 FA       \< 0.005 \< 0.1   \< 0.02  0.02     \< 0.01  3500

  VLZN-2-1 RA       \< 0.005 \< 0.1   \< 0.02  0.05     0.02     3000

  VLZN-3-1 FA       0.1      \< 0.1   \< 0.02  1.6      0.1      2300

  VLZN-3-1 RA       0.1      0.1      \< 0.02  1.9      0.2      2300

  VLZN3-2 FA        3.9      1.2      \< 0.02           1.1      27000

  VLZN3-2 RA        4.1      1.4      \< 0.02           1.2      27000

  VLZN-3-3 FA       0.28     0.1      \< 0.02  2.3      0.2      4800

  VLZN-3-3 RA       0.28     0.2      \< 0.02  2.2      0.2      4700

  VLZN-3-4 FA       0.15     \<0.1    \< 0.02  1.9      0.2      2900

  VLZN-3-4 RA       0.16     0.2      \< 0.02  1.9      0.2      2900

  VLZN-3-4D FA      0.15     \<0.1    0.03     1.8      0.2      2900

  VLZN-3-4D RA      0.16     0.1      \< 0.02  1.9      0.2      2900

  VLZN-3-5 FA       0.22     1.1      0.03     1.4      0.1      1900

  VLZN-3-5 RA       0.18     0.57     0.04     1.3      0.1      1900

  VLZN-3-6 FA       0.29     0.1      \< 0.02  3.3      0.2      5600

  VLZN-3-6 RA       0.25     0.2      \< 0.02  3.3      0.2      5600

  VLZN-3-7 FA       0.17     \<0.1    \< 0.02  1.7      0.1      3200

  VLZN-3-7 RA       0.14     \<0.1    \< 0.02  1.6      0.2      3100

  VLZN-3-8 FA       0.27     \<0.1    0.02     2.4      0.2      3800

  VLZN-3-8 RA       0.27     0.1      0.03     2.4      0.2      3800

  VLZN-3-9 FA       0.11     \<0.2    \< 0.02  1.6      0.2      3100

  VLZN-3-9 RA       0.11     0.2      \< 0.02  1.7      0.1      3100

  VLZN-4-1 FA       0.06     \< 0.1   \< 0.02  1.5      0.1      2100

  VLZN-4-1 RA       0.11     0.4      \< 0.02  1.8      0.2      2100

  VLZN-4-8 FA       0.43     \<0.1    \< 0.02  3.7      0.3      6000

  VLZN-4-8 RA       0.46     0.3      0.02     3.7      0.31     6000

  VLZN-6-1 RA       0.08     2        \< 0.02  0.82     0.07     20

  VLZN-7-1 FA       0.04     \< 0.1   \< 0.02  0.2      \< 0.01  650

  VLZN-7-1 RA       0.28     3        \< 0.02  0.5      0.04     1200

  VLZN-8-1 FA       10       2        \< 0.02  13       1.5      87000

  VLZN-8-1 RA       10       2        \< 0.02  13       1.6      87000

  VLZN-9-2 FA       0.06     \<0.1    0.06              0.03     1400

  VLZN-9-2 RA       0.08     \<0.1    0.08              0.04     1600

  VLZN-10-2 FA      370      1100     3        370      41       2300000

  VLZN-10-2 RA      380      1100     6        400      37       2400000
  ----------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  ----------- -------------- -------------- ------------ ------ ------- ------- ----- --------- ------
  Field No.   Latitude       Longitude      Date         T air  T water Flow    pH    spec      DO
                                                                                      conduct   

                                                         °C     °C      L/s           μS/cm     mg/L

                                                                                                

  VLZN-11-2   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   7/21/1999    31.3   25.4    0.3     2.4   1540.0    10
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-2   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   7/21/1999    31.3   25.4    0.3     2.4   1540.0    10
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-3   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   11/5/1999    12.3   7.4     13.4    3.2   250.0     9
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-3   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   11/5/1999    12.3   7.4     13.4    3.2   250.0     9
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-4   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   2/3/2000     4.3    0.6     17.1    3.5   120.7     11
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-4   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   2/3/2000     4.3    0.6     17.1    3.5   120.7     11
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-5   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   4/26/2000    17.3   11.3    336.5   3.6   89.8      9
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-5   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   4/26/2000    17.3   11.3    336.5   3.6   89.8      9
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-6   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   7/20/2000    22.4   19.6    16.6    2.9   605.0     7
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-6   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   7/20/2000    22.4   19.6    16.6    2.9   605.0     7
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-7   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   10/24/2000   11.0   9.0     2.6     2.5   224.0     9
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-7   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   10/24/2000   11.0   9.0     2.6     2.5   224.0     9
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-8   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   2/7/2001     6.6    3.6     20.8    2.7   228.0     11
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-8   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   2/7/2001     6.6    3.6     20.8    2.7   228.0     11
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-9   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   4/30/2001    20.1   13      13.4    3.5   116.9     8
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-11-9   38°10.587\'N   77°46.969\'W   4/30/2001    20.1   13      13.4    3.5   116.9     8
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-12-3   38°10.652\'N   77°46.649\'W   11/5/1999    7.9    6.2             2.9   515.0     9
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-12-3   38°10.652\'N   77°46.649\'W   11/5/1999    7.9    6.2             2.9   515.0     9
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-4   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   2/3/2000     5.3    1.8             5\. 6 35.2      11
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-4   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   2/3/2000     5.3    1.8             5\. 6 35.2      11
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-5   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   4/26/2000    16.8   11.1            4.4   35.9      9
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-5   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   4/26/2000    16.8   11.1            4.4   35.9      9
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-6   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   7/20/2000    26.6   20.8            5.5   49.8      6
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-6   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   7/20/2000    26.6   20.8            5.5   49.8      6
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-7   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   10/24/2000   15.1   11.9            6.0   40.1      3
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-7   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   10/24/2000   15.1   11.9            6.0   40.1      3
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-8   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   2/7/2001     12.1   7.9             5.4   50.3      8
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-8   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   2/7/2001     12.1   7.9             5.4   50.3      8
  RA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-9   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   4/30/2001    26.7   15.8            6.1   42.4      6
  FA                                                                                            

  VLZN-13-9   38°10.753\'N   77°46.970\'W   4/30/2001    26.7   15.8            6.1   42.4      6
  RA                                                                                            
  ----------- -------------- -------------- ------------ ------ ------- ------- ----- --------- ------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  ------------- ------------------ --------- ------------ ------ ------- -------- -------- -------
  Field No.     Fe^2+^/Fe~Total~   Acidity   Alkalinity   IC     IC      ICPMS    ICPAES   ICPMS

                                   CaCO~3~   CaCO~3~      Cl     SO~4~   Ag       Al       As

                                   mg/L      mg/L         mg/L   mg/L    μg/L     mg/L     μg/L

  VLZN-11-2 FA  0.151              497.2                  2.8    1700    \<1      31.15    \<20

  VLZN-11-2 RA  0.151                                                    \<1      29.85    \<20

  VLZN-11-3 FA  0.581              84.32                  2.2    89      \<0.01   3.30     \<0.2

  VLZN-11-3 RA  0.581                                                    \<0.01   3.30     \<0.2

  VLZN-11-4 FA  0.857              44.6                   3.5    55      \<0.01   1.40     \<0.2

  VLZN-11-4 RA  0.857                                                    \<0.01   1.40     \<0.2

  VLZN-11-5 FA  0.491              28.32                  2.4    26      \<0.01   1.00     0.6

  VLZN-11-5 RA  0.491                                                    \<0.01   1.20     0.7

  VLZN-11-6 FA  0.605              165.6                  2      170     0.02     3.60     0.9

  VLZN-11-6 RA  0.605                                                    0.03     3.60     1.1

  VLZN-11-7 FA  0.391              56.05                  1.6    46      \<0.01   1.00     \<0.2

  VLZN-11-7 RA  0.391                                                    \<0.01   1.00     \<0.2

  VLZN-11-8 FA  0.579              56                     3.4    59      \<0.05   2.00     \<0.2

  VLZN-11-8 RA  0.579                                                    \<0.05   2.00     \<0.2

  VLZN-11-9 FA                                            2.2    29      \<0.05   0.52     \<0.2

  VLZN-11-9 RA                                                           \<0.05   0.56     0.2

  VLZN-12-3 FA  0.259              186.7                  1.3    200     \<0.01   2.60     \<0.2

  VLZN-12-3 RA  0.259                                                    \<0.01   2.90     \<0.2

  VLZN-13-4 FA  0.155                        1.6          7      4.1     0.01     0.14     \<0.2

  VLZN-13-4 RA  0.155                                                    \<0.01   0.21     0.2

  VLZN-13-5 FA  0.376              14.24                  3.4    4.8     0.01     0.49     0.6

  VLZN-13-5 RA  0.376                                                    0.01     0.53     0.6

  VLZN-13-6 FA  0.103                        1.68         3.5    3.5     \<0.01   0.07     1.1

  VLZN-13-6 RA  0.103                                                    \<0.01   0.31     1.3

  VLZN-13-7 FA  0.244              11.01     1.56         2.4    0.76    0.01     0.02     0.3

  VLZN-13-7 RA  0.244                                                    \<0.01   0.29     0.4

  VLZN-13-8 FA  0.075              3.6       3.3          6.4    4.4     \<0.05   0.06     0.2

  VLZN-13-8 RA  0.075                                     6.4    4.4     \<0.05   0.49     0.3

  VLZN-13-9 FA                               13.18        3.1    1       \<0.05   0.07     0.6

  VLZN-13-9 RA                                            3.1    1       \<0.05   0.70     0.9
  ------------- ------------------ --------- ------------ ------ ------- -------- -------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- -------- -------
  Field No.       ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPAES   ICPMS    ICPMS

                  Au      Ba      Be       Bi      Ca       Cd       Ce

                  μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     μg/L    mg/L     μg/L     μg/L

  VLZN-11-2 FA            10      \<5              \<5      99       100

  VLZN-11-2 RA            10      \<5              \<5      98       98

  VLZN-11-3 FA    \< 0.01 36      0.5      \< 0.02 1.7      5.6      19

  VLZN-11-3 RA    \< 0.01 37      0.6      \< 0.02 1.8      5.7      19

  VLZN-11-4 FA    \< 0.01 30      0.2      \< 0.01 1.4      4.8      11

  VLZN-11-4 RA    \< 0.01 30      0.2      \< 0.01 1.4      4.7      11

  VLZN-11-5 FA    \< 0.01 48      0.3      \< 0.01 1.3      5.1      8

  VLZN-11-5 RA    \< 0.01 50      0.3      \< 0.01 1.3      5.3      9.1

  VLZN-11-6 FA    \< 0.01 38      0.4      \< 0.01 2.4      14       22

  VLZN-11-6 RA    \< 0.01 39      0.4      \< 0.01 2.3      14       22

  VLZN-11-7 FA    \< 0.01 30      0.1      \< 0.01 1.4      1.9      8.9

  VLZN-11-7 RA    \< 0.01 31      0.2      \< 0.01 1.4      2.2      9.1

  VLZN-11-8 FA    \< 0.01 31      0.27     \< 0.01 1.5      8.6      14

  VLZN-11-8 RA    \< 0.01 30      0.21     \< 0.01 1.5      8.5      14

  VLZN-11-9 FA    \< 0.01 38      0.2      \< 0.01 1.4      1.7      6.4

  VLZN-11-9 RA    \< 0.01 38      0.2      \< 0.01 1.4      1.8      6.8

  VLZN-12-3 FA    \< 0.01 26      0.2      \< 0.02 4.8      3.4      8.2

  VLZN-12-3 RA    \< 0.01 26      0.2      \< 0.02 4.8      3.8      9

  VLZN-13-4 FA    \< 0.01 31      0.08     \< 0.01 1.9      0.2      0.98

  VLZN-13-4 RA    \< 0.01 32      0.2      \< 0.01 1.8      0.2      1.3

  VLZN-13-5 FA    \< 0.01 45      0.2      \< 0.01 1.3      0.1      3.7

  VLZN-13-5 RA    \< 0.01 47      0.3      \< 0.01 1.4      0.1      4

  VLZN-13-6 FA    \< 0.01 26      \<0.05   \< 0.01 2.2      0.03     1.7

  VLZN-13-6 RA    \< 0.01 32      0.06     \< 0.01 2.2      0.04     3.3

  VLZN-13-7 FA    \< 0.01 15      \<0.05   \< 0.01 1.9      \<0.02   0.58

  VLZN-13-7 RA    \< 0.01 17      \<0.05   \< 0.01 1.9      0.03     1.2

  VLZN-13-8 FA    \< 0.01 26      0.06     \< 0.01 2.0      0.05     0.58

  VLZN-13-8 RA    \< 0.01 28      \<0.05   \< 0.01 2.0      0.06     0.99

  VLZN-13-9 FA    \< 0.01 26      0.06     \< 0.01 2.0      0.03     1.3

  VLZN-13-9 RA    \< 0.01 32      0.1      \< 0.01 2.2      0.06     3.1
  --------------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- -------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------
  Field No.       ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPAES   ICPMS

                  Co      Cr      Cs      Cu      Dy      Fe       Er

                  μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    mg/L     μg/L

  VLZN-11-2 FA    230     \<100           2800    3       106.00   2

  VLZN-11-2 RA    250     \<100           3700    3       104.54   1

  VLZN-11-3 FA    32      \<1     \< 0.01 140     0.82    6.20     0.34

  VLZN-11-3 RA    32      \<1     \< 0.01 150     0.81    6.20     0.36

  VLZN-11-4 FA    17      \<1     \< 0.01 88      0.5     7.40     0.23

  VLZN-11-4 RA    17      \<1     \< 0.01 87      0.51    7.80     0.22

  VLZN-11-5 FA    8.1     1       \< 0.01 95      0.39    3.40     0.17

  VLZN-11-5 RA    8.5     1       \< 0.01 100     0.44    3.70     0.19

  VLZN-11-6 FA    63      1       0.04    380     0.86    22.00    0.36

  VLZN-11-6 RA    65      1       0.04    390     0.86    23.00    0.35

  VLZN-11-7 FA    12      \<1     \< 0.01 48      0.4     2.30     0.16

  VLZN-11-7 RA    12      \<1     \< 0.01 52      0.43    2.40     0.18

  VLZN-11-8 FA    24      \<1     \< 0.01 160     0.61    5.70     0.27

  VLZN-11-8 RA    24      \<1     \< 0.01 150     0.61    5.70     0.26

  VLZN-11-9 FA    11      \<1     \< 0.01 38      0.28    1.90     0.14

  VLZN-11-9 RA    11      \<1     \< 0.01 38      0.31    2.80     0.14

  VLZN-12-3 FA    39      \<1     0.01    59      0.28    20.00    0.13

  VLZN-12-3 RA    42      \<1     0.01    74      0.33    20.00    0.14

  VLZN-13-4 FA    2.2     \<1     \< 0.01 19      0.054   0.63     0.03

  VLZN-13-4 RA    2.2     \<1     \< 0.01 6       0.057   0.85     0.03

  VLZN-13-5 FA    1.6     \<1     \< 0.01 6       0.2     0.92     0.12

  VLZN-13-5 RA    1.7     \<1     0.03    7       0.24    1.10     0.11

  VLZN-13-6 FA    1.9     \<1     \< 0.01 8       0.066   1.40     0.04

  VLZN-13-6 RA    2.1     \<1     0.01    3       0.13    3.80     0.062

  VLZN-13-7 FA    0.54    \<1     \< 0.01 0.9     0.02    0.73     0.01

  VLZN-13-7 RA    0.52    \<1     \< 0.01 1       0.04    2.00     0.02

  VLZN-13-8 FA    1.1     \<1     \< 0.01 2       0.03    1.00     0.02

  VLZN-13-8 RA    1       \<1     \< 0.01 3       0.04    2.10     0.03

  VLZN-13-9 FA    2.8     \<1     \< 0.01 4       0.06    1.90     0.04

  VLZN-13-9 RA    3.2     \<1     \< 0.01 6       0.12    7.40     0.068
  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
  Field No.       ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPAES

                  Eu      Ga      Gd      Ge      Ho      In      K

                  μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    mg/L

  VLZN-11-2 FA    1               6.4             0.7     \< 1    1.4

  VLZN-11-2 RA    2               5.8             0.9     1       1.4

  VLZN-11-3 FA    0.26    \< 0.02 0.99    \< 0.02 0.15    0.02    2.3

  VLZN-11-3 RA    0.27    \< 0.02 1       \< 0.02 0.14    0.02    2.4

  VLZN-11-4 FA    0.16    \< 0.02 0.85    \< 0.02 0.094   0.01    1.6

  VLZN-11-4 RA    0.16    \< 0.02 0.82    \< 0.02 0.094   0.01    1.6

  VLZN-11-5 FA    0.12    0.02    0.51    \< 0.03 0.071   \< 0.01 1.3

  VLZN-11-5 RA    0.13    0.03    0.61    \< 0.03 0.088   0.01    1.4

  VLZN-11-6 FA    0.27    0.06    1.4     0.04    0.12    0.1     2.4

  VLZN-11-6 RA    0.27    0.07    1.4     \< 0.02 0.12    0.1     2.4

  VLZN-11-7 FA    0.13    \< 0.02 0.59    \< 0.02 0.069   \< 0.01 2.5

  VLZN-11-7 RA    0.13    \< 0.02 0.62    \< 0.02 0.069   \< 0.01 2.6

  VLZN-11-8 FA    0.2     \< 0.02 1       \< 0.02 0.11    0.03    1.9

  VLZN-11-8 RA    0.21    \< 0.02 0.99    \< 0.02 0.11    0.03    1.9

  VLZN-11-9 FA    0.091   \< 0.02 0.48    \< 0.02 0.05    \< 0.01 1.8

  VLZN-11-9 RA    0.095   \< 0.02 0.45    \< 0.02 0.053   \< 0.01 1.8

  VLZN-12-3 FA    0.1     0.04    0.41    \< 0.02 0.052   0.01    3.5

  VLZN-12-3 RA    0.12    0.04    0.45    \< 0.02 0.058   0.02    3.5

  VLZN-13-4 FA    0.02    \< 0.02 0.068   \< 0.02 0.01    \< 0.01 1.8

  VLZN-13-4 RA    0.02    \< 0.02 0.08    \< 0.02 0.01    \< 0.01 1.7

  VLZN-13-5 FA    0.065   0.02    0.23    \< 0.03 0.04    \< 0.01 1.3

  VLZN-13-5 RA    0.059   0.04    0.22    \< 0.03 0.04    \< 0.01 1.3

  VLZN-13-6 FA    0.02    \< 0.02 0.089   \< 0.02 0.01    \< 0.01 2.7

  VLZN-13-6 RA    0.03    0.05    0.13    \< 0.02 0.02    \< 0.01 2.7

  VLZN-13-7 FA    0.008   \< 0.02 0.03    \< 0.02 0.005   \< 0.01 1.9

  VLZN-13-7 RA    0.01    \< 0.02 0.059   \< 0.02 0.008   \< 0.01 2.0

  VLZN-13-8 FA    0.006   \< 0.02 0.03    \< 0.02 0.005   \< 0.01 2.2

  VLZN-13-8 RA    0.01    0.03    0.053   \< 0.02 0.009   \< 0.01 2.3

  VLZN-13-9 FA    0.02    \< 0.02 0.07    \< 0.02 0.01    \< 0.01 1.4

  VLZN-13-9 RA    0.04    0.03    0.15    \< 0.02 0.02    \< 0.01 1.5
  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------
  Field No.       ICPMS   ICPAES   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPAES   ICPMS   ICPMS

                  La      Mg       Mn      Mo      Na       Nd      Ni

                  μg/L    mg/L     μg/L    μg/L    mg/L     μg/L    μg/L

  VLZN-11-2 FA    40      14.9     2400    \< 2    \<1      42      50

  VLZN-11-2 RA    40      14.9     2400    \< 2    1.1      46      60

  VLZN-11-3 FA    8.3     2.5      710     \< 0.02 2.0      7       6.4

  VLZN-11-3 RA    8.4     2.6      720     0.04    2.3      7       7.2

  VLZN-11-4 FA    5.4     2.0      390     0.03    2.6      4.5     3.8

  VLZN-11-4 RA    5.3     2.1      400     0.03    2.7      4.5     3.8

  VLZN-11-5 FA    3.2     1.2      240     0.06    1.9      3.4     2.4

  VLZN-11-5 RA    3.7     1.2      250     0.06    1.9      3.5     2.6

  VLZN-11-6 FA    10      5.2      1200    \< 0.02 2.0      9.9     15

  VLZN-11-6 RA    10      5.1      1200    0.02    2.0      9.8     16

  VLZN-11-7 FA    4.2     2.0      580     \< 0.02 2.0      3.6     3.1

  VLZN-11-7 RA    4.2     2.0      570     0.02    2.1      3.9     4

  VLZN-11-8 FA    6.7     2.4      480     0.06    2.6      6       5.4

  VLZN-11-8 RA    6.6     2.4      470     0.07    2.7      6       5.3

  VLZN-11-9 FA    3.2     1.6      490     \< 0.02 2.2      2.6     2.4

  VLZN-11-9 RA    3.3     1.5      490     \< 0.02 2.2      2.7     2.5

  VLZN-12-3 FA    2.8     6.5      2000    \< 0.02 1.5      2.9     8.2

  VLZN-12-3 RA    3.1     6.6      2000    0.02    1.5      3.2     8.8

  VLZN-13-4 FA    0.4     1.4      120     0.1     4.7      0.38    0.8

  VLZN-13-4 RA    0.4     1.2      130     0.1     4.4      0.46    0.8

  VLZN-13-5 FA    1.3     0.9      99      0.1     2.5      1.4     1

  VLZN-13-5 RA    1.5     1.0      100     0.09    2.6      1.7     1

  VLZN-13-6 FA    0.57    1.2      160     0.1     2.6      0.58    1

  VLZN-13-6 RA    1.1     1.2      170     0.06    2.4      1       1

  VLZN-13-7 FA    0.2     1.2      92      0.1     3.3      0.2     0.3

  VLZN-13-7 RA    0.3     1.2      97      0.07    3.4      0.33    0.4

  VLZN-13-8 FA    0.2     1.4      130     0.04    4.6      0.2     0.5

  VLZN-13-8 RA    0.3     1.4      120     0.04    4.5      0.33    0.6

  VLZN-13-9 FA    0.4     1.3      300     0.07    3.6      0.39    0.8

  VLZN-13-9 RA    0.91    1.4      370     0.08    3.6      0.93    1.1
  --------------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------
  Field No.       ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS

                  P       Pb      Pr      Rb      Re      Sb       Se

                  μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     μg/L

  VLZN-11-2 FA    \< 2000 1600    10      20              \<2      \< 20

  VLZN-11-2 RA    \< 2000 1600    10      20              \<2      \< 20

  VLZN-11-3 FA    \< 1    390     1.9     7.5     \< 0.02 \<0.03   \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-3 RA    \< 1    390     1.9     7.6     \< 0.02 \<0.03   \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-4 FA    \< 1    180     1.3     3.9     \< 0.02 0.03     \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-4 RA    \< 1    180     1.3     3.8     \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-5 FA    5       190     0.88    3.7     \< 0.02 0.31     \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-5 RA    7       210     0.98    3.9     \< 0.02 0.08     0.2

  VLZN-11-6 FA    \< 3    510     2.3     14      \< 0.02 0.04     0.4

  VLZN-11-6 RA    \< 3    530     2.3     14      \< 0.02 0.05     0.4

  VLZN-11-7 FA    \< 2    180     1       9       \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-7 RA    \< 2    190     1.1     9.5     \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-8 FA    \< 1    330     1.7     5.7     \< 0.02 \<0.02   \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-8 RA    20      330     1.7     5.7     \< 0.02 0.03     \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-9 FA    4       130     0.71    6.4     \< 0.02 0.04     \< 0.2

  VLZN-11-9 RA    6       140     0.75    6.5     \< 0.02 0.04     \< 0.2

  VLZN-12-3 FA    \< 1    140     0.75    14      \< 0.02 0.04     0.3

  VLZN-12-3 RA    \< 1    210     0.85    14      \< 0.02 \<0.03   0.3

  VLZN-13-4 FA    3.3     7.1     0.09    2.1     \< 0.02 0.2      \< 0.2

  VLZN-13-4 RA    3.9     10      0.1     2.2     \< 0.02 0.05     \< 0.2

  VLZN-13-5 FA    10      24      0.37    2.9     \< 0.02 0.26     0.3

  VLZN-13-5 RA    13      28      0.42    3.1     \< 0.02 0.076    0.3

  VLZN-13-6 FA    26      2.3     0.1     4.8     \< 0.02 4.2      \< 0.2

  VLZN-13-6 RA    65      6.3     0.24    5       \< 0.02 0.06     \< 0.2

  VLZN-13-7 FA    8       0.79    0.04    3.4     \< 0.02 0.3      \< 0.2

  VLZN-13-7 RA    27      2.1     0.09    3.4     \< 0.02 0.02     \< 0.2

  VLZN-13-8 FA    17      1.8     0.05    3.4     \< 0.02 0.3      \< 0.2

  VLZN-13-8 RA    30      4.1     0.08    3.5     \< 0.02 0.1      \< 0.2

  VLZN-13-9 FA    20      3       0.1     3.1     \< 0.02 0.62     \< 0.2

  VLZN-13-9 RA    51      11      0.24    3.4     \< 0.02 0.2      \< 0.2
  --------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  --------------- -------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- --------
  Field No.       ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS   ICPMS    ICPMS

                  SiO~2~   Sm      Sr      Tb       Th      Tl       Tm

                  mg/L     μg/L    μg/L    μg/L     μg/L    μg/L     μg/L

  VLZN-11-2 FA    \< 50    9       \< 8    0.8              \<5      \< 0.5

  VLZN-11-2 RA    \< 50    7       \< 8    0.8              \<5      \< 0.5

  VLZN-11-3 FA    13       1.4     9       0.15     0.057   \<0.1    0.05

  VLZN-11-3 RA    13       1.3     9.5     0.15     0.052   \<0.1    0.05

  VLZN-11-4 FA    11       0.88    7.8     0.11     0.03    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-11-4 RA    10       0.87    7.6     0.1      0.05    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-11-5 FA    8.2      0.66    9       0.069    0.12    \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-11-5 RA    8.5      0.8     9.2     0.084    0.13    \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-11-6 FA    18       1.6     11      0.15     0.42    0.09     0.04

  VLZN-11-6 RA    18       1.6     11      0.15     0.46    0.09     0.05

  VLZN-11-7 FA    14       0.69    8.9     0.079    \< 0.01 \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-11-7 RA    13       0.68    9.2     0.086    \< 0.01 \<0.05   0.03

  VLZN-11-8 FA    13       1.1     8.1     0.13     0.05    \<0.05   0.04

  VLZN-11-8 RA    13       1.2     8.2     0.12     0.03    \<0.05   0.04

  VLZN-11-9 FA    15       0.49    8.7     0.059    \< 0.02 \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-11-9 RA    15       0.5     8.9     0.059    \< 0.02 \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-12-3 FA    12       0.6     16      0.054    0.07    \<0.1    0.02

  VLZN-12-3 RA    12       0.64    17      0.059    0.092   \<0.1    0.02

  VLZN-13-4 FA    13       0.07    9.7     0.009    0.04    \<0.05   \< 0.005

  VLZN-13-4 RA    13       0.08    10      0.01     0.02    \<0.05   0.005

  VLZN-13-5 FA    5.4      0.32    8.9     0.04     0.16    \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-13-5 RA    5.6      0.34    9       0.04     0.097   \<0.05   0.02

  VLZN-13-6 FA    11       0.08    12      0.01     0.05    \<0.05   \< 0.005

  VLZN-13-6 RA    12       0.2     12      0.02     0.1     \<0.05   0.008

  VLZN-13-7 FA    15       0.03    11      \< 0.005 \< 0.01 \<0.05   \< 0.005

  VLZN-13-7 RA    15       0.06    11      0.008    \< 0.01 \<0.05   \< 0.005

  VLZN-13-8 FA    15       0.05    12      0.006    \< 0.02 \<0.05   \< 0.005

  VLZN-13-8 RA    16       0.07    12      0.009    \< 0.02 \<0.05   \< 0.005

  VLZN-13-9 FA    14       0.09    12      0.01     0.05    \<0.05   0.005

  VLZN-13-9 RA    14       0.2     13      0.02     0.14    \<0.05   0.009
  --------------- -------- ------- ------- -------- ------- -------- --------

# APPENDIX 4 (cont.): WATER QUALITY DATA

  ----------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  Field No.         ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS    ICPMS

                    U        V        W        Y        Yb       Zn

                    μg/L     μg/L     μg/L     μg/L     μg/L     μg/L

  VLZN-11-2 FA      4        \<20     \< 2              2        27000

  VLZN-11-2 RA      4        \<20     \< 2              1        27000

  VLZN-11-3 FA      0.32     \<0.1    \< 0.02  3.7      0.27     3200

  VLZN-11-3 RA      0.32     0.1      \< 0.02  3.8      0.26     3200

  VLZN-11-4 FA      0.15     \<0.1    0.04     2.4      0.2      2000

  VLZN-11-4 RA      0.15     0.1      0.03     2.4      0.2      2000

  VLZN-11-5 FA      0.17     0.54     0.03     1.7      0.2      1300

  VLZN-11-5 RA      0.2      0.76     0.04     1.9      0.2      1400

  VLZN-11-6 FA      0.69     0.2      \< 0.02  6.2      0.28     8100

  VLZN-11-6 RA      0.71     0.3      \< 0.02  6.4      0.29     8200

  VLZN-11-7 FA      0.1      \<0.1    \< 0.02  1.8      0.1      1600

  VLZN-11-7 RA      0.11     \<0.1    \< 0.02  1.8      0.2      1600

  VLZN-11-8 FA      0.28     \<0.1    0.03     3.1      0.21     3000

  VLZN-11-8 RA      0.28     \<0.1    0.03     3        0.21     3000

  VLZN-11-9 FA      0.08     \<0.2    \< 0.02  1.4      0.1      1000

  VLZN-11-9 RA      0.08     \<0.2    \< 0.02  1.5      0.1      990

  VLZN-12-3 FA      0.19     \<0.1    \< 0.02  1.3      0.1      6300

  VLZN-12-3 RA      0.23     0.1      \< 0.02  1.5      0.1      6600

  VLZN-13-4 FA      0.03     0.3      0.05     0.3      0.02     85

  VLZN-13-4 RA      0.03     0.47     0.04     0.3      0.02     86

  VLZN-13-5 FA      0.09     0.73     \< 0.02  0.95     0.1      31

  VLZN-13-5 RA      0.1      1        \< 0.02  0.97     0.09     30

  VLZN-13-6 FA      0.04     0.69     \< 0.02  0.55     0.02     21

  VLZN-13-6 RA      0.08     2.3      \< 0.02  0.92     0.05     20

  VLZN-13-7 FA      0.02     0.3      0.04     0.1      \< 0.01  8

  VLZN-13-7 RA      0.03     1        0.03     0.2      0.02     8

  VLZN-13-8 FA      0.02     0.3      \< 0.02  0.1      0.01     31

  VLZN-13-8 RA      0.03     0.72     \< 0.02  0.2      0.02     34

  VLZN-13-9 FA      0.04     0.7      \< 0.02  0.3      0.03     20

  VLZN-13-9 RA      0.07     2.5      \< 0.02  0.6      0.06     20
  ----------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------