Varina Series

\<@33\>\<i\>*Depth class:*\<p\> Very deep

\<@33\>\<i\>*Drainage class:*\<p\> Well drained

\<@33\>\<i\>*Permeability:*\<p\> Slow

\<@33\>\<i\>*Parent material:*\<p\> Clayey marine sediments

\<@33\>\<i\>*Landscape:*\<p\> Coastal Plain

\<@33\>\<i\>*Landform:*\<p\> Broad ridges

\<@33\>\<i\>*Landform position:*\<p\> Smooth and slightly convex slopes

\<@33\>\<i\>*Slope:*\<p\> 2 to 5 percent

\<@33\>\<i\>*Taxonomic class:*\<p\> Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic
Paleudults

\<@27\>Commonly Associated Soils

-   \<@29\>Clarendon soils, which are in lower positions on footslopes
    and are moderately well drained

-   \<@29\>Dothan soils, which are in positions similar to those of the
    Varina soils and have less clay in the subsoil

\<@27\>Typical Pedon

\<@30\>Varina sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the
typical pedon located in Johnston County, North Carolina; USGS Benson
topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 26 minutes 24.6 seconds N. and
long. 78 degrees 33 minutes 49.1 seconds W.

\<@23\>Ap---0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy loam; common
coarse pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) inclusions of material from the E horizon;
weak fine granular structure; very friable; about 2 percent, by volume,
spherical, rough-surfaced nodules of ironstone 1/4 inch in diameter;
moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

\<@33\>E---7 to 14 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) loamy sand; single
grained; loose; about 1 percent, by volume, spherical nodules of
ironstone less than 1/4 inch in diameter; strongly acid; abrupt wavy
boundary.

\<@33\>BE---14 to 18 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) sandy clay
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; fine and medium
pores; about 1 percent, by volume, smooth-surfaced nodules of ironstone;
about 2 percent, by volume, quartz pebbles; strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.

\<@33\>Bt1---18 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, sticky; common fine
and medium pores; about 1 percent, by volume, smooth-surfaced nodules of
ironstone less than 1/4 inch in diameter; about 2 percent, by volume,
quartz pebbles; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

\<@33\>Bt2---26 to 32 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, sticky; few faint clay
films on faces of peds; about 1 percent, by volume, plinthite; about 1
percent, by volume, smooth-surfaced nodules of ironstone; about 2
percent, by volume, quartz pebbles; very strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.

\<@33\>Bt3---32 to 38 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, sticky; few faint clay
films on faces of peds; few faint red (2.5YR 5/6) masses of iron
accumulation; about 1 percent, by volume, nodules of ironstone 1/4 to
1/2 inch in diameter; about 2 percent, by volume, quartz pebbles; very
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

\<@33\>Btv1---38 to 57 inches; about 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR
5/6) and 50 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay; common medium
and coarse red (2.5YR 4/8) nodules; few or common pale yellow (10YR 8/2)
to light gray (10YR 7/1) tongues 1/2 inch in diameter forming a
reticulated pattern with the red material; massive; friable, except the
red material is slightly hard and brittle; few faint clay films on red
(2.5YR 5/6) nodules; few hard nodules of ironstone; few fine quartz
pebbles; the areas of yellowish brown, brownish yellow, and red are
areas of iron accumulation, and the areas of pale yellow and light gray
are relict iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

\<@33\>Btv2---57 to 67 inches; about 34 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), 33
percent yellow (10YR 7/8), and 33 percent pale yellow (2.5Y 8/2); red
materials tend to be horizontally oriented and are bordered by yellow
materials; white materials in vertical and horizontal bands make up
about 30 percent of the volume; variegated sandy clay with red parts
that are sandy clay loam and white parts that are sandy clay; weak
coarse platy structure; red parts are hard and brittle; white parts are
firm; common faint clay films in yellow and white parts; 1 percent, by
volume, nodules of ironstone; about 2 percent, by volume, quartz
pebbles; the areas of red and yellow are masses of iron accumulation,
and the areas of pale yellow are iron depletions; very strongly acid;
gradual smooth boundary.

\<@33\>Btv3---67 to 81 inches; about 34 percent pale yellow (2.5Y 8/2),
33 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), and 33 percent yellow (10YR 7/8) reticulated
sandy clay; very pale brown parts are finer textured than the red parts;
weak coarse platy structure; friable; local zones of white materials are
slightly brittle; common faint clay films in white and yellow parts;
about 2 percent, by volume, quartz pebbles; the areas of red and yellow
are iron accumulations, and the areas of very pale brown are iron
depletions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

\<@33\>BC---81 to 100 inches; about 34 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), 33
percent yellow (10YR 7/8), and 33 percent white (2.5Y 8/2) sandy clay
loam (average texture), ranges from sandy loam in the red parts to sandy
clay in the white parts; weak coarse platy structure; friable; common
faint clay films along borders of white parts; about 2 percent, by
volume, quartz pebbles; the areas of red and yellow are iron
accumulations, and the areas of white are iron depletions; very strongly
acid; gradual wavy boundary.

\<@33\>C---100 to 118 inches; about 50 percent yellow (10YR 7/8) and 50
percent white (10YR 8/2) sandy clay loam; few variegated lenses of sandy
loam and sandy clay; massive; friable; about 10 percent, by volume,
quartz pebbles; common fine and medium soft red (2.5YR 4/8) nodules; the
areas of red and yellow are iron accumulations, and the areas of white
are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

\<@27\>Range in Characteristics

\<@33\>\<i\>*Thickness of the solum:*\<p\> More than 60 inches

\<@33\>\<i\>*Content and size of rock fragments:*\<p\> 0 to 5 percent,
by volume, ironstone nodules in the upper part; 0 to 30 percent quartz
pebbles in the upper part; and 0 to 15 percent quartz pebbles in the
lower part

\<@33\>\<i\>*Content of plinthite:*\<p\> 5 percent or more, starting at
a depth of 36 to 60 inches

\<@33\>\<i\>*Reaction:*\<p\> Very strongly acid or strongly acid
throughout

\<@23\>\<i\>*A or Ap horizon:*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 to
3

\<@31\>Texture---loamy sand or sandy loam

\<@23\>\<i\>*E horizon (where present):*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to
8

\<@31\>Texture---loamy sand or sandy loam

\<@23\>\<i\>*BE horizon (where present):*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to
8

\<@31\>Texture---sandy clay loam or sandy loam

\<@23\>\<i\>*Bt horizon:*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to
8

\<@31\>Texture---sandy clay, clay loam, or clay

\<@31\>Redoximorphic features---none to common iron accumulations in
shades of red, brown, and yellow

\<@23\>\<i\>*Btv horizon:*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 10R to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 to
8; or no dominant color and variegated or reticulated pattern in shades
of red, yellow, brown, or gray

\<@31\>Texture---sandy clay, clay loam, or clay

\<@31\>Redoximorphic features---common or many iron or clay depletions
in shades of gray and white and iron accumulations in shades of red,
brown, and yellow

\<@23\>\<i\>*BC horizon:*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---typically, similar in range to that of the Btv horizon

\<@31\>Texture--- sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay

\<@31\>Redoximorphic features---common or many iron or clay depletions
in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of red, yellow, and
brown

\<@23\>\<i\>*C horizon:*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---variegated in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray

\<@31\>Texture---sandy clay loam with lenses of sandy loam and sandy
clay

\<@31\>Redoximorphic features---common or many iron or clay depletions
in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of red, yellow, and
brown