**DRAFT**

**Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC)**

**Occupational and Residential Exposure Assessment**

(DP Barcode 323309)

**Office of Pesticide Programs**

**Antimicrobials Division**

**U.S. Environmental Protection Agency**

**1801 South Bell St.**

**Arlington, VA 22202**

**Date: April 18, 2006**

TABLE OF CONTENTS

[EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3](#__RefHeading___Toc125435602)

[1.0 INTRODUCTION 9](#__RefHeading___Toc125435603)

[**1.1** **Purpose** 9](#__RefHeading___Toc125435604)

[**1.2** **Criteria for Conducting Exposure Assessments**
9](#__RefHeading___Toc125435605)

[**1.3** **Chemical Identification** 11](#__RefHeading___Toc125435606)

[**1.4** **Physical/Chemical Properties**
12](#__RefHeading___Toc125435607)

[2.0 USE INFORMATION 12](#__RefHeading___Toc125435608)

[**2.1** **Formulation Types and Percent Active Ingredient**
12](#__RefHeading___Toc125435609)

[**2.2** **Summary of Use Pattern and Formulations**
12](#__RefHeading___Toc125435610)

[3.0 SUMMARY OF TOXICITY DATA 13](#__RefHeading___Toc125435611)

[**3.1** **Acute Toxicity** 13](#__RefHeading___Toc125435612)

[**3.2** **Summary of Toxicity Endpoints**
13](#__RefHeading___Toc125435613)

[**3.3** **FQPA Considerations** 15](#__RefHeading___Toc125435614)

[4.0 RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 15](#__RefHeading___Toc125435615)

[**4.1** **Summary of Registered Uses**
15](#__RefHeading___Toc125435616)

[**4.2** **Residential Exposure** 15](#__RefHeading___Toc125435617)

[4.2.1 Residential Handler Exposures 17](#__RefHeading___Toc125435618)

[4.2.2 Residential Post-application Exposures
20](#__RefHeading___Toc125435619)

[4.2.3 Data Limitations/Uncertainties 36](#__RefHeading___Toc125435620)

[5.0 RESIDENTIAL AGGREGATE RISK ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
37](#__RefHeading___Toc125435621)

[6.0 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 37](#__RefHeading___Toc125435622)

[**6.1** **Occupational Handler Exposures**
40](#__RefHeading___Toc125435623)

[**6.2** **Occupational Post-application Exposures**
45](#__RefHeading___Toc125435624)

[**6.3** **Wood Preservation** 47](#__RefHeading___Toc125435625)

[6.3.1 Non-Pressure Treatment Scenarios (Handler and Post-application)
48](#__RefHeading___Toc125435626)

[6.3.2 Pressure Treatment Scenarios (Handler and Post-Application)
52](#__RefHeading___Toc125435627)

[**6.4** **Data Limitations/Uncertainties**
55](#__RefHeading___Toc125435628)

[7.0 REFERENCES 57](#__RefHeading___Toc125435629)

[APPENDIX A: Master DDAC Label 59](#__RefHeading___Toc125435630)

[APPENDIX B: Summary of CMA and PHED Data
72](#__RefHeading___Toc125435631)

[APPENDIX C: Input/Output from Residential MCCEM Modeling
75](#__RefHeading___Toc125435632)

[APPENDIX D: Input/Output from Occupational MCCEM Modeling
87](#__RefHeading___Toc125435633)

[APPENDIX E: Calculation of DDAC Unit Exposure Values
96](#__RefHeading___Toc125435634)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435602 .anchor}**EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**

This document is the Occupational and Residential Exposure Chapter of
the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the Group I
Quat Cluster. It addresses the potential risks to humans that result
from the use of chemicals in this group in occupational and residential
settings. Group I Quat Cluster is a group of structurally similar
quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") that are characterized by having
a positively charged nitrogen covalently bonded to two alkyl group
substituents (at least one C~8~ or longer) and two methyl substituents.
In finished form, these quats are salts with the positively charged
nitrogen (cation) balanced by a negatively charged molecule (anion). The
anion for the quats in this cluster is chloride or bromide. In this
document, the Group I Quat Cluster will be referred to as DDAC (didecyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride).

DDAC is the active ingredient in numerous types of products. The
products are mainly disinfectants and deodorants that are used in
agricultural, food handling, commercial/ institutional/industrial,
residential and public access, and medical settings (Use Site Categories
I, II, III, IV, and V respectively). Examples of registered uses for
DDAC in these settings include application to indoor and outdoor hard
surfaces (e.g., walls, floors, tables, toilets, and fixtures), eating
utensils, laundry, carpets, agricultural tools and vehicles, egg shells,
shoes, milking equipment and udders, humidifiers, medical instruments,
human remains, ultrasonic tanks, reverse osmosis units, and water
storage tanks. There are also DDAC-containing products that are used in
residential and commercial swimming pools (Use Site Category XI), in
aquatic areas (Use Site Category XII) such as decorative ponds and
decorative fountains, and in industrial process and water systems (Use
Site Category VIII) such as re-circulating cooling water systems,
drilling muds and packer fluids, oil well injection and wastewater
systems. Additionally, DDAC-containing products are used for wood
preservation (Use Site Category X) through non-pressure and
pressure-treatment methods. There are registered uses for fogging in
occupational settings. Products containing DDAC are formulated as liquid
ready-to-use, soluble concentrate, pressurized liquid, and water soluble
packaging. The percentage of DDAC in the various end-use products ranges
from 0.08% to 80% as reported in the Master Label spreadsheet (Appendix
A). Residential products such as EPA Reg. No. 10324-69 range up to 50%
DDAC for swimming pools and spas.

The durations and routes of exposure evaluated in this assessment
include short-term (ST), intermediate-term (IT), and in some instances
long-term (LT) inhalation exposures, ST dermal exposures, and ST oral
exposures. The ST inhalation endpoint and the ST oral endpoint is based
on a NOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day from a prenatal developmental toxicity study
in rats. The LOAEL (20 mg/kg/day) was based largely on increased
incidence of skeletal variations in females. The developmental study
does not indicate increased susceptibility from *in utero* and postnatal
exposure to DDAC. The IT/LT inhalation endpoint is also based on a 10
mg/kg/day but from a chronic toxicity study in dogs. No short-term
dermal endpoint for systemic effects was selected for DDAC, since no
systemic effects were identified. However, a short-term dermal
irritation endpoint was identified. The short-term dermal endpoint for
the technical grade active ingredient (TGAI) containing 80% ai diluted
to 0.1% DDAC as a test material (2 mg/kg/day which is equivalent to 8
μg/cm^2^) was determined from a LOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day based on increased
clinical and gross findings (erythema, edema, exfoliation, excoriation,
and ulceration). A 21-day dermal toxicity study was also conducted using
a 0.13% ai formulation. No short-term dermal endpoint was identified for
this formulation because no irritation or systemic effects were
identified up to and including the limit dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day.
Intermediate- or long-term dermal irritation endpoints were not
identified for DDAC. Because the effect to the skin is a localized skin
irritation, a skin concentration (μg/cm^2^) of exposure, rather then a
dose (mg/kg/day) was used to assess the dermal risk concerns. No body
weight is needed for the dermal irritation endpoint, since no systemic
dose is calculated. Since the toxicological endpoint for inhalation is
female-specific, a body weight of 60 kilograms is used in the
assessment. This represents the body weight of an adult female. They
Agency's level of concern (LOC) for occupational and residential DDAC
dermal, inhalation and oral exposures is 100 (i.e., a margin of exposure
(MOE) less than 100 exceeds the level of concern). The level of concern
is based on 10x for interspecies extrapolation and 10x for intraspecies
extrapolation.

[The dermal and inhalation margins of exposure were not combined for the
DDAC risk assessment because the toxicity endpoints for the dermal and
inhalation routes of exposure are based on different toxicological
effects.]{.mark} No cancer endpoint was identified; therefore, cancer
risks are not assessed.

This occupational and residential assessment was based on examination of
product labels describing uses for the product. There are many end-use
products that contain DDAC; therefore, only labels on the Master Label
developed by AD and the registrants were reviewed. It has been
determined that exposure to handlers can occur in a variety of
occupational and residential environments. Additionally,
post-application exposures are likely to occur in these settings. The
representative scenarios selected by the Antimicrobials Division (AD)
for assessment were evaluated using maximum application rates as stated
on the product labels. The representative scenarios are believed to
represent high-end uses resulting in dermal, inhalation, and incidental
oral exposures.

[]{.mark}

To assess most handler risks, AD used surrogate unit exposure data from
the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) antimicrobial exposure
study and the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED).
Postapplication/bystander exposures were assessed using EPA's Health
Effects Division's (HED) *Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for
Residential Exposure Assessment*, MCCEM (Multi‑ Chamber Concentration
and Exposure Model), and Swim Model. Additionally, handler and
post-application exposures resulting from wood preservation activities
were assessed using surrogate data from the studies *Measurement and
Assessment of Dermal and Inhalation Exposures to Didecyl Dimethyl
Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) Used in the Protection of Cut Lumber (Phase
III) (*Bestari et al., 1999, MRID 455243-04) and "*Assessment of
Potential Inhalation and Dermal Exposure Associated with Pressure
Treatment of Wood with Arsenical Wood Products*" (ACC, 2002a).

***Residential Handler Risk Summary***

[Dermal]{.underline}

For the residential handler dermal exposure and risk assessment, dermal
risks were calculated by comparing residues on the surface of the skin
to the short-term dermal irritation endpoints. Dermal residential
handler exposures were not assessed for products containing less than 1%
DDAC. Residues on the surface of the skin (dermal irritation exposure)
were determined using hand unit exposures from CMA and/or PHED adjusted
for the surface area of the hand (mg/lb ai/cm^2^), application rates,
and use amounts. The dermal MOEs were below the target MOE of 100 for
all scenarios except the humidifier and swimming pool applications.

[Inhalation]{.underline}

For the residential handler inhalation assessment, the inhalation risks
were calculated by comparing the daily doses to the short-term
inhalation endpoint. The inhalation MOEs were above the target MOE of
100 for all scenarios.

***Residential Post-Application/Bystander Risk Summary***

[Dermal]{.underline}

The residential post-application dermal risks were assessed by comparing
the surface residue on the skin (dermal skin irritation exposure) to the
short-term dermal endpoint. It was assumed that during the exposure
period the skin repeatedly contacts the treated surface until a
steady-state concentration of residues is achieved on the skin. For
residential scenarios, the post-application dermal MOEs were above the
target MOE of 100 for the laundered clothing (assuming 1% residue
transfer) but below the target MOE for the following:

-   Wearing clothes treated with a [fabric spray]{.underline}: ST dermal
    MOE = less than or equal to **1** using both a 100% clothing to skin
    transfer factor and a 5% clothing to skin transfer factor.

-   Dermal contact on floors (MOE = 33) and carpets (MOE = 45).

-   There are no wipe data available to assess the children's dermal
    contact to treated decks and/or play sets. Based on hand
    measurements of workers at the treatment plants, dermal risks may be
    of concern and therefore a wipe study is warranted.

[Inhalation]{.underline}

For the residential post-application inhalation exposure and risk
assessment, the MOEs were below the target MOE of 100 for the following
scenario:

-   Humidifier: ST/IT 8-hr Inhalation MOE = **27** for adults and **8**
    for children; ST/IT 24-hr Inhalation MOE = **11** for adults and
    **5** for children

[Incidental Oral]{.underline}

For the residential post-application incidental oral assessment, the
MOEs were above the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios except the
following:

-   Mouthing on clothes treated with a fabric spray: ST oral MOE =
    **12**

***Occupational Handler Risk Summary***

[Dermal]{.underline}

DDAC dermal irritation exposures and risks were not estimated for
occupational handler exposures. Instead, dermal irritation exposures and
risks will be mitigated using default personal protective equipment
requirements based on the toxicity of the end-use product. To minimize
dermal exposures, the minimum PPE required for mixers, loaders, and
others exposed to end-use products containing concentrations of DDAC
that result in classification of category I, II, or III for skin
irritation potential will be long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes,
socks, chemical-resistant gloves, and chemical-resistant apron. Once
diluted, if the concentration of DDAC in the diluted solution would
result in classification of toxicity category IV for skin irritation
potential, then the chemical-resistant gloves and chemical-resistant
apron can be eliminated for applicators and others exposed to the
dilute. Note that chemical-resistant eyewear will be required if the
end-use product is classified as category I or II for eye irritation
potential.

[Inhalation]{.underline}

For the occupational handler inhalation exposure and risk assessment,
the MOEs were above the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios.

A confirmatory inhalation toxicity study may be warranted because
inhalation MOEs were below 1,000 for the following scenarios:

> []{.mark}

-   Small process water systems, liquid pour: ST/IT Inhalation MOE =
    **130**

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-   Agricultural fogging, mixing and loading: ST/IT Inhalation MOE =
    **110**

-   Medical premises, mopping: ST/IT Inhalation MOE = **280**

-   Wood Preservation (non-pressure treatment), blender/sprayer:
    ST/IT/LT Inhalation MOE = **280**

***Occupational Post-Application/Bystander Risk Summary***

[Dermal]{.underline}

Dermal irritation exposures are assumed to be negligible for all
post-application occupational scenarios, except those associated with
wood preservation. As with occupational handlers, dermal irritation
exposures and risks from post-application activities in a wood
preservation treatment facility will be mitigated using default personal
protective equipment requirements based on the toxicity of the end-use
product. For construction workers handling treated wood the MOEs are
potentially of concern. A wipe study on treated wood will be needed to
refine these potential exposures.

[Inhalation]{.underline}

For the occupational inhalation post-application exposure and risk
assessment, the MOEs were above the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios
except for the following scenarios listed below.

-   Fogging in a food processing plant: The 8-hr MOE from 2 to 10 hours
    (2 hour re-entry interval) = **8**.

A confirmatory inhalation toxicity study may be warranted because the
inhalation MOE was below 1,000 (additional 10x uncertainty factor is
considered because of the lack of an inhalation route-specific
toxicological endpoint) for the following scenarios:

-   Fogging in a hatchery: The 8-hr MOE from 0 to 8 hours (entering
    immediately after fogging) = **120**.

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-   Non-pressure treatment wood preservation, clean-up worker: ST/IT/LT
    Inhalation MOE = **990**

[]{.mark}

***Data Limitations and Uncertainties:***

[]{.mark}

There are a number of uncertainties associated with this assessment and
these have been reiterated from Sections 4.2.3 (residential) and 6.4
(occupational) respectively.

[]{.mark}

The data limitations and uncertainties associated with the residential
handler and post-application exposure assessments include the following:

[]{.mark}

-   Surrogate dermal and inhalation unit exposure values were taken from
    the proprietary Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
    antimicrobial exposure study (USEPA, 1999: DP Barcode D247642) or
    from the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (USEPA, 1998) (See
    Appendix B for summaries of these data sources). Most of the CMA
    data are of poor quality therefore, AD requests that confirmatory
    monitoring data be generated to support the values used in these
    assessments.

-   The quantities handled/treated were estimated based on information
    from various sources, including HED's Standard Operating Procedures
    (SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessments (USEPA 2000 and 2001).
    In certain cases, no standard values were available for some
    scenarios. Assumptions for these scenarios were based on AD
    estimates and could be further refined from input from registrants.

-   Some labels for products which can be used by homeowners in
    residential settings, as well as by workers in occupational
    settings, indicate that low pressure sprayers can be used for
    application of the disinfectant to hard, non-porous surfaces such as
    floors and walls. A low pressure spray scenario was not assessed for
    the residential scenario because it is not a typical cleaning method
    for homeowners.

-   In this assessment, incidental ingestion and dermal exposures to
    treated wood were estimated using DDAC data from an occupational
    exposure study. The degree of uncertainty (under- or overestimation)
    associated with using the DDAC hand residue data for dermal and oral
    exposure from contacting treated lumber are unknown. The amount of
    residue measured on the test subjects hands is variable and are
    influenced by the duration of exposure, how often wood is contacted,
    and the degree of contact (i.e., do the hand residues from the DDAC
    study mimic a child's play activity on decks and playsets?). A wipe
    study on treated wood is needed to refine these estimates.

-   Available data to assess the levels of DDAC in soil contaminated
    with DDAC-treated wood do not exist at this time. In addition,
    leaching data were also not available. Because of this data gap, EPA
    was not able to accurately predict dermal and incidental ingestion
    residential post-application exposures to soil contaminated with
    DDAC-treated wood.

[]{.mark}

The data limitations and uncertainties associated with the occupational
handler and post-application exposure assessments include:

[]{.mark}

-   Surrogate dermal and inhalation unit exposure values were taken from
    the proprietary Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
    antimicrobial exposure study (USEPA, 1999: DP Barcode D247642) or
    from the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (USEPA, 1998) (See
    Appendix B for summaries of these data sources). Since the CMA data
    are of poor quality, the Agency requests that confirmatory data be
    submitted to support the occupational scenarios assessed in this
    document.

-   Number range CHAPTERUnit exposures are not available for some of the
    specific scenarios that are prescribed for DDAC, including open
    loading into oil-well/field environments

    -   The CMA data used for oil-well uses are based on open pouring of
        a material preservative. Although these data are only
        represented by 2 replicates each, the exposure values are
        similar to open loading of pesticides in PHED. Furthermore,
        there are no representative unit exposure data for chemical
        metering into secondary recovery oil operations. Since the
        volume of water being treated in secondary recovery operations
        is so large, the available CMA data can not be reliably
        extrapolated because they are based on activities that handle
        much lower volumes and possibly different techniques. Therefore,
        it was assumed that if the open pour handling activities for the
        other oil well operations resulted in MOEs that are not of
        concern, then the MOEs for the closed system chemical metering
        into secondary recovery operations would also be not of concern.
        AD requests that confirmatory data be conducted to show that
        this is accurate.

-   For the wood preservative pressure treatment scenarios, CCA exposure
    data were used for lack of DDAC-specific exposure data. Limitations
    and uncertainties associated with the use of these data include:

    -   The assumption was made that exposure patterns for workers at
        treatment facilities using CCA would be similar to exposure
        patterns for workers at treatment facilities using DDAC, and
        therefore the exposures could be used as surrogate data for
        workers that treat wood with DDAC.

    -   For environmental modeling, it was assumed that the leaching
        process from the DDAC treated wood would be similar to that of
        CCA. However, due to the lack of real data for DDAC -treated
        wood, it is not possible to verify this assumption.

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-   The quantities handled/treated were estimated based on information
    from various sources, including HED's Standard Operating Procedures
    (SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessments (USEPA 2000 and 2001)
    and personal communication with experts. In particular, Number range
    CHAPTERthe use information for oil-well uses and cooling water tower
    uses are based on personal communication with biocide manufacturers
    for these types of uses. The individuals contacted have experience
    in these operations and their estimates are believed to be the best
    available without undertaking a statistical survey of the uses. In
    certain cases, no standard values were available for some scenarios.
    Assumptions for these scenarios were based on AD estimates and could
    be further refined from input from registrants.

-   The percent active ingredient in solution for the pressure treatment
    of lumber needs to be refined by the registrant. The labels only
    provided a retention rate. For this assessment, the application rate
    on the master label was used, which is the same as the application
    rate for non-pressure treatment of lumber.

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc125435603 .anchor}**1.0 INTRODUCTION**

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc125435604 .anchor}**1.1 Purpose**

In this document, the Antimicrobials Division (AD) presents the results
of its review of the potential human health effects of occupational and
residential exposure to DDAC. This information is for use in EPA\'s
development of the DDAC Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED)
document.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435605 .anchor}**1.2 Criteria for Conducting
Exposure Assessments**

An occupational and/or residential exposure assessment is required for
an active ingredient if (1) certain toxicological criteria are triggered
[and]{.underline} (2) there is potential exposure to handlers (mixers,
loaders, applicators, etc.) during use or to persons entering treated
sites after application is complete. For DDAC, both criteria are met.
Toxicological endpoints were selected for short- and intermediate-term
dermal, inhalation, and incidental oral exposures to DDAC. There is a
significant potential for exposure in a variety of occupational and
residential settings. Therefore, risk assessments are required for
occupational and residential handlers as well as for occupational and
residential postapplication exposures that can occur as a result of DDAC
use.

In this document, handler scenarios were assessed by using *unit
exposure* data to estimate occupational and residential handlers'
exposures. *Unit exposures* are estimates of the amount of exposure to
an active ingredient a handler receives while performing various handler
tasks and are expressed in terms of micrograms or milligrams (1 mg =
1,000 µg) of active ingredient per pounds of active ingredient handled.
A series of unit exposures have been developed that are unique for each
scenario typically considered in assessments (i.e., there are different
unit exposures for different types of application equipment, job
functions, and levels of protection). The *unit exposure* concept has
been established in the scientific literature and also through various
exposure monitoring guidelines published by the USEPA and international
organizations such as Health Canada and OECD (Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development).

Using surrogate unit exposure data, maximum application rates from
labels, and EPA estimates of daily amount handled, exposures and risks
to handlers were assessed. The exposure/risks were calculated using the
following equations:

**Daily Exposure:** Daily dermal and inhalation handler exposures are
estimated for each applicable handler task with the application rate,
quantity treated/handled in a day, and the applicable inhalation unit
exposure using the following formula:

*Daily Inhalation Exposure: E = UE* x *AR* x *AT* **(Eq. 1a)**

Where:

E = Amount (mg ai/day) inhaled that is available for inhalation
absorption;

UE = Hand unit exposure value (mg ai/lb ai) derived from August 1998
PHED data or from 1992 CMA data;

AR = Maximum application rate based on a logical unit treatment, such as
acres (A), square feet (sq. ft.), gallons (gal), or cubic feet (cu. ft).
Maximum values are generally used (lb ai/A, lb ai/sq ft, lb ai/gal, lb
ai/cu ft); and

AT = Normalized application area based on a logical unit treatment such
as acres (A/day), square feet (sq ft/day), gallons (gal/day), or cubic
feet (cu. ft./day).

*Daily Dermal Skin Irritation Exposure: E = UE~hand~/SA~hand~ x AR x AT*
**(Eq. 1b)**

Where:

E = Amount (mg ai/cm^2^) deposited on the surface of the skin;

UE~hand~ = Unit exposure value (mg ai/lb ai) derived from August 1998
PHED data or from 1992 CMA data;

SA~hand~ = Surface area of two hands (820 cm^2^);

AR = Maximum application rate based on a logical unit treatment, such as
acres (A), square feet (sq. ft.), gallons (gal), or cubic feet (cu. ft).
Maximum values are generally used (lb ai/A, lb ai/sq ft, lb ai/gal, lb
ai/cu ft); and

AT = Normalized application area based on a logical unit treatment such
as acres (A/day), square feet (sq ft/day), gallons (gal/day), or cubic
feet (cu. ft./day).

**Daily Dose:** The inhalation dose is calculated by normalizing the
daily exposure by body weight and adjusting, if necessary, with an
appropriate absorption factor. An absorption factor of 100% was used for
inhalation exposures. A daily dose is not calculated for dermal
exposures, because the dermal endpoint selected is based on irritation
effects, not systemic effects. Daily dose was calculated using the
following formula:

*Daily Dose: ADD = [E ]{.underline}*[x *ABS*]{.underline} **(Eq. 2)**

*BW*

Where:

ADD = Average daily dose or the absorbed dose received from exposure to
a chemical in a given scenario (mg active ingredient/kg body
weight/day);

E = Amount (mg ai/day) inhaled that is available for inhalation
absorption;

ABS = A measure of the amount of chemical that crosses a biological
boundary such as lungs (% of the total available absorbed); and

BW = Body weight determined to represent the population of interest in a
risk assessment (kg).

**Margins of Exposure:** Non-cancer inhalation risks for each applicable
handler scenario are calculated using a Margin of Exposure (MOE). This
is the ratio of the daily inhalation dose or dermal exposure to the
toxicological endpoint of concern.

*Margins of Exposure (inhalation): MOE =* [NOAEL *or* LOAEL]{.underline}
**(Eq. 3a)**

*ADD*

Where:

MOE = Margin of exposure, value used to represent risk or how close a
chemical exposure is to being a concern (unitless);

NOAEL or LOAEL = Systemic toxicity level where no observed adverse
effects (NOAEL) or where the lowest observed adverse effects (LOAEL)
occurred in the study (mg ai/kg body weight/day); and

ADD = Average daily inhalation dose in a given scenario (mg ai/kg body
weight/day).

*Margins of Exposure (dermal): MOE =* [NOAEL *or* LOAEL]{.underline}
**(Eq. 3b)**

*E*

Where:

MOE = Margin of exposure, value used to represent risk or how close a
chemical exposure is to being a concern (unitless);

NOAEL or LOAEL = Irritation toxicity level where no observed adverse
effects (NOAEL) or where the lowest observed adverse effects (LOAEL)
occurred in the study (g/cm^2^); and

E = Dermal skin irritation exposure in a given scenario (g/cm^2^).

In addition to the target MOEs presented in Table 3.2 that were used for
the analysis, a series of assumptions and exposure factors served as the
basis for completing the handler risk assessment. Each general
assumption and factor for both residential and occupational assessments
is detailed below. Assumptions specific to the use site category are
listed in each separate section of this document. The general
assumptions and factors include:

-   DDAC products are widely used and have a large number of use
    patterns that are difficult to completely capture in this document.
    As such, AD has patterned this risk assessment on a series of likely
    representative scenarios for each use site that are believed by AD
    to represent the vast majority of DDAC uses.

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-   Based on the adverse effects for the endpoints, the average body
    weight of a female adult handler (60 kg) was used for the inhalation
    risk assessment.

-   Exposure factors used to calculate daily exposures to handlers were
    based on applicable data, if available. When appropriate data were
    lacking, values from a scenario deemed similar were used.

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-   The maximum application rates allowed by labels were assumed.

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc125435606 .anchor}**1.3 Chemical
    Identification**

The Group I Quat Cluster (DDAC) is a group of structurally similar
quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") that are characterized by having
a positively charged nitrogen covalently bonded to two alkyl group
substituents (at least one C~8~ or longer) and two methyl substituents.
In finished form, these quats are salts with the positively charged
nitrogen (cation) balanced by a negatively charged molecule (anion). The
anion for the quats in this cluster is chloride or bromide.

Currently, there are 4 active ingredients identified by the Agency that
are registered and included in Case Number 350. Table 1.1 below provides
the common chemical name, active ingredient code, CAS number, and
chemical structure.

+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Table  |         |              |                |                 |
| 1.1.   |         |              |                |                 |
| Active |         |              |                |                 |
| Ingre  |         |              |                |                 |
| dients |         |              |                |                 |
| in the |         |              |                |                 |
| Group  |         |              |                |                 |
| I Quat |         |              |                |                 |
| C      |         |              |                |                 |
| luster |         |              |                |                 |
| Iden   |         |              |                |                 |
| tified |         |              |                |                 |
| by the |         |              |                |                 |
| AIJV   |         |              |                |                 |
+========+=========+==============+================+=================+
| **Prod | **CAS   | **Name**     | **Structure**  | **Chain         |
| Code** | RN**    |              |                | Lengths**       |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| 69149  | 71      | Didecyl      | ![](med        | R = C10         |
|        | 73-51-5 | Dimethyl     | ia/image1.wmf) |                 |
|        |         | Ammonium     |                |                 |
|        |         | Chloride     |                |                 |
|        |         | (DDAC)       |                |                 |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| 69166  | 55      | Dioctyl      | ![](med        | R = C8          |
|        | 38-94-3 | Dimethyl     | ia/image2.wmf) |                 |
|        |         | Ammonium     |                |                 |
|        |         | Chloride     |                |                 |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| 69165  | 324     | Octyl Decyl  | ![](med        | R1 = C8         |
|        | 26-11-2 | Dimethyl     | ia/image3.wmf) | (variable %)    |
|        |         | Ammonium     |                |                 |
|        |         | Chloride     |                | R2 = C10        |
|        |         |              |                | (variable %)    |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| 69146  | 845     | Alkyl        | ![](med        | R = C12 (5%)    |
|        | 40-07-8 | Dimethyl     | ia/image4.wmf) |                 |
|        |         | Ethyl        |                | C14 (90%)       |
|        |         | Ammonium     |                |                 |
|        |         | Bromide      |                | C16 (5%)        |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435607 .anchor}**1.4 Physical/Chemical
Properties**

Table 1.2 shows physical/chemical characteristics that have been
reported for DDAC.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table 1.2. Physical/Chemical   
  Properties of DDAC**             
  -------------------------------- --------------------------------------
  Parameter                        DDAC

  Molecular Weight                 362.08

  Density                          0.9216 g/cm3 at 25 C

  Boiling Point                    NA

  Water Solubility                 Completely soluble

  Vapor Pressure                   2.33E-11 mmHg
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435608 .anchor}**2.0 USE INFORMATION**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435609 .anchor}**2.1 Formulation Types and
Percent Active Ingredient**

The products containing DDAC as the active ingredient (a.i) are
formulated as liquid ready-to-use, soluble concentrate, pressurized
liquid, and water soluble packaging. Concentrations of DDAC in these
products range from 0.08% to 80% as reported on the Master Label
spreadsheet (Appendix A).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435610 .anchor}**2.2 Summary of Use Pattern and
Formulations**

The Agency determines potential exposures to handlers of the product by
identifying exposure scenarios from the various application methods that
are plausible, given the label uses. These scenarios are identified in
Appendix A. Based on a review of product labels, DDAC is the active
ingredient in products used in the following use site categories: I
(Number range CHAPTERAgricultural premises and equipment), II (Number
range CHAPTERFood handling/storage establishments premises and
equipment), III (Number range CHAPTERCommercial, institutional and
industrial premises and equipment), IV (Number range CHAPTERResidential
and public access premises), V (Number range CHAPTERMedical premises and
equipment), VIII (Number range CHAPTERIndustrial processes and water
systems), X (Number range CHAPTERWood preservatives), XI (Swimming
pools), and XII (Aquatic Areas).

From the scenarios in Appendix A, AD selected representative exposure
scenarios to assess the labeled uses of DDAC in this document. These
scenarios were selected to be representative of the vast majority of
uses and are believed to provide high-end degrees of dermal, inhalation,
or incidental ingestion exposure. The representative scenarios assessed
in this document are shown in Table 4.1 (residential) and Table 6.1
(occupational).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435611 .anchor}**3.0 SUMMARY OF TOXICITY DATA**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435612 .anchor}**3.1 Acute Toxicity**

The acute toxicity data for DDAC are summarized below in Table 3.1
(USEPA, 2006).

+----------+-----------------+-------------+---------------+----------+
| **Table  |                 |             |               |          |
| 2. Acute |                 |             |               |          |
| Toxicity |                 |             |               |          |
| Profile  |                 |             |               |          |
| for      |                 |             |               |          |
| DDAC**   |                 |             |               |          |
+==========+=================+=============+===============+==========+
| **G      | **Study Type/   | **MRID      | **Results**   | **       |
| uideline | Test substance  | Number/     |               | Toxicity |
| Number** | (% a.i.)**      | Citation**  |               | Ca       |
|          |                 |             |               | tegory** |
+----------+-----------------+-------------+---------------+----------+
| 870.1100 | Acute oral, rat | MRID        | Number range  | II       |
|          |                 | 41394404    | CHAPTERLD~50~ |          |
| (§81-1)  | (Purity 65%)    |             | =262 mg/kg    |          |
|          |                 |             | (combined)    |          |
+----------+-----------------+-------------+---------------+----------+
| 870.1100 | Acute oral, rat | MRID        | Number range  | II       |
|          |                 | 42296101    | CHAPTERLD~50~ |          |
| (§81-1)  | (Purity 80%)    |             | =238 mg/kg    |          |
|          |                 |             | (combined)    |          |
+----------+-----------------+-------------+---------------+----------+
| 870.1200 | Acute dermal,   | MRID        | Number range  | III      |
|          | rabbit          | 42053801    | CHAPTERLD~50~ |          |
| (§81-2)  |                 |             | =2930 mg/kg   |          |
|          | (Purity 65%)    |             | (combined)    |          |
+----------+-----------------+-------------+---------------+----------+
| 870.1300 | Acute           | MRID        | Number range  | I        |
|          | inhalation, rat | 00145074    | CHAPTERLC~50~ |          |
| (§81-3)  |                 |             | = 0.07 mg/L   |          |
|          | (Purity not     | TRID        | (combined)    |          |
|          | reported)       | 455201010   |               |          |
+----------+-----------------+-------------+---------------+----------+
| 870.2400 | Primary eye     | MRID        | Number range  | I        |
|          | irritation,     | 42161602    | CHAP          |          |
| (§81-4)  | rabbit (Purity  |             | TERCorrosive. |          |
|          | 80% a.i.)       |             |               |          |
+----------+-----------------+-------------+---------------+----------+
| 870.2500 | Primary dermal  | MRID        | Corrosive.    | I        |
|          | irritation,     | 42161601    |               |          |
| (§81-5)  | rabbit (Purity  |             |               |          |
|          | 80%)            |             |               |          |
+----------+-----------------+-------------+---------------+----------+
| 870.2600 | Dermal          | MRID        | Not a         | NA       |
|          | sensitization,  | 46367601    | sensitizer.   |          |
| (§81-6)  | guinea pigs     |             |               |          |
|          | (Purity 80%)    |             |               |          |
+----------+-----------------+-------------+---------------+----------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435613 .anchor}**3.2 Summary of Toxicity
Endpoints**

Table 3.2 summarizes the toxicological endpoints for DDAC (USEPA, 2006).
The specific MRID numbers for toxicity studies are referenced in USEPA
2006 and not repeated in this document.

Number range CHAPTER

+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| **Table 3.2  |             |                   |                    |
| Summary of   |             |                   |                    |
| T            |             |                   |                    |
| oxicological |             |                   |                    |
| Endpoints    |             |                   |                    |
| for DDAC**   |             |                   |                    |
+==============+=============+===================+====================+
| **Exposure** | **Dose Used | **Target          | **Study and        |
|              | in Risk     | MOE/UF,**         | Toxicological      |
| **Scenario** | A           |                   | Effects**          |
|              | ssessment** | **Special FQPA    |                    |
|              |             | SF**              |                    |
|              | **(m        |                   |                    |
|              | g/kg/day)** | **for Risk        |                    |
|              |             | Assessment**      |                    |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| **Acute      | **          | **FQPA SF** = 1   | Prenatal           |
| Dietary**    | NOAEL**(dev |                   | Developmental      |
|              | elopmental) | **UF** = 100 (10x | Toxicity - Rat     |
| (Females     | = 10        | inter-species     |                    |
| 13-50)       | mg/kg/day   | extrapolation,    | MRID 41886701      |
|              |             | 10x intra-species |                    |
|              |             | variation)        | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |             |                   | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |             |                   | increased          |
|              |             |                   | incidence of       |
|              |             |                   | skeletal           |
|              |             |                   | variations.        |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
|              | **Acute RfD |                   |                    |
|              | =** 0.1     |                   |                    |
|              | mg/kg/day   |                   |                    |
|              | (for        |                   |                    |
|              | Females age |                   |                    |
|              | 13-50)      |                   |                    |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| **Acute      | An acute    |                   |                    |
| Dietary**    | dietary     |                   |                    |
|              | endpoint    |                   |                    |
| (general     | was not     |                   |                    |
| population)  | identified  |                   |                    |
|              | in the data |                   |                    |
|              | base. This  |                   |                    |
|              | risk        |                   |                    |
|              | assessment  |                   |                    |
|              | is not      |                   |                    |
|              | required    |                   |                    |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| **Chronic    | **NOAEL** = | **FQPA SF** = 1   | Chronic Toxicity   |
| Dietary**    | 10          |                   | Study - Dog        |
|              |             | **UF** = 100 (10x |                    |
| (general     | mg/kg/day   | inter-species     | MRID 41970401      |
| population)  |             | extrapolation,    |                    |
|              |             | 10x intra-species | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |             | variation         | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |             |                   | increased          |
|              |             |                   | incidence of       |
|              |             |                   | clinical signs in  |
|              |             |                   | males and females  |
|              |             |                   | and decreased      |
|              |             |                   | total cholesterol  |
|              |             |                   | levels in females. |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
|              | **Chronic   |                   |                    |
|              | RfD =** 0.1 |                   |                    |
|              | mg/kg/day   |                   |                    |
|              |             |                   |                    |
|              | Dermal,     |                   |                    |
|              | Short-Term  |                   |                    |
|              | (technical  |                   |                    |
|              | a.i.)       |                   |                    |
|              |             |                   |                    |
|              | NOAEL = 2   |                   |                    |
|              |             |                   |                    |
|              | UF =        |                   |                    |
|              | 100Based on |                   |                    |
|              | increased   |                   |                    |
|              | dermal      |                   |                    |
|              | clinical    |                   |                    |
|              | and gross   |                   |                    |
|              | findings    |                   |                    |
|              |             |                   |                    |
|              | Rat 90-day  |                   |                    |
|              | Dermal      |                   |                    |
|              | Study       |                   |                    |
|              |             |                   |                    |
|              | MRID        |                   |                    |
|              | 413059-01   |                   |                    |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| *            |             |                   |                    |
| *Non-Dietary |             |                   |                    |
| Exposures**  |             |                   |                    |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| **Incidental | **NOAEL**   | **Target MOE** =  | Prenatal           |
| Oral**       |             | 100 (10x          | Developmental      |
|              | (dev        | inter-species     | Toxicity - Rat     |
| Short-Term   | elopmental) | extrapolation,    |                    |
|              | = 10        | 10x intra-species | MRID 41886701      |
|              | mg/kg/day   | variation)        |                    |
|              |             |                   | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |             | **FQPA SF** = 1   | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |             |                   | increased          |
|              |             |                   | incidence of       |
|              |             |                   | skeletal           |
|              |             |                   | variations.        |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| **Incidental | **NOAEL** = | **Target MOE** =  | Chronic Toxicity   |
| Oral**       | 10          | 100 (10x          | Study - Dog        |
|              | mg/kg/day   | inter-species     |                    |
| Inter        |             | extrapolation,    | MRID 41970401      |
| mediate-Term |             | 10x intra-species |                    |
|              |             | variation)        | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |             |                   | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |             | **FQPA SF** = 1   | increased          |
|              |             |                   | incidence of       |
|              |             |                   | clinical signs in  |
|              |             |                   | males and females  |
|              |             |                   | and decreased      |
|              |             |                   | total cholesterol  |
|              |             |                   | levels in females. |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| **Dermal,    | No endpoint |                   |                    |
| Short-term** | identified. |                   |                    |
| (formulated  | No dermal   |                   |                    |
| product,     | or systemic |                   |                    |
| 0.13% a.i.)  | effects     |                   |                    |
|              | identified  |                   |                    |
|              | in the      |                   |                    |
|              | 21-day      |                   |                    |
|              | dermal      |                   |                    |
|              | toxicity    |                   |                    |
|              | study (MRID |                   |                    |
|              | 45656601)   |                   |                    |
|              | up to and   |                   |                    |
|              | including   |                   |                    |
|              | the limit   |                   |                    |
|              | dose of     |                   |                    |
|              | 1000        |                   |                    |
|              | mg/kg/day   |                   |                    |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| **Dermal,    | **NOAE      | **Target MOE** =  | 90-day Dermal      |
| Short-term** | L(dermal)** | 100 (10x          | Toxicity - Rat     |
| (TGAI 80%    | = 2 mg      | inter-species     |                    |
| diluted to   | ai/kg/day   | extrapolation,    | MRID 41305901      |
| 0.1% ai)     |             | 10x intra-species |                    |
|              | (4 µg       | variation)        | **LOAEL** = 6 mg   |
|              | a           |                   | ai/kg/day based on |
|              | i/cm^2^)^a^ |                   | increased clinical |
|              |             |                   | and gross findings |
|              |             |                   | (erythema, edema,  |
|              |             |                   | exfoliation,       |
|              |             |                   | excoriation, and   |
|              |             |                   | ulceration)        |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| **Dermal,    | No          |                   |                    |
| I            | appropriate |                   |                    |
| ntermediate- | endpoint    |                   |                    |
| and          | identified. |                   |                    |
| Long-term**  |             |                   |                    |
| (formulated  |             |                   |                    |
| product)     |             |                   |                    |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| *            | **NOAEL**   | **Target MOE** =  | Prenatal           |
| *Inhalation, | ^b^ = 10    | 100 (10x          | Developmental      |
| Short-Term** | mg/kg/day   | inter-species     | Toxicity - Rat     |
|              |             | extrapolation,    |                    |
|              |             | 10x intra-species | MRID 41886701      |
|              |             | variation)        |                    |
|              |             |                   | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |             | **FQPA SF** = 1   | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |             |                   | increased          |
|              |             |                   | incidence of       |
|              |             |                   | skeletal           |
|              |             |                   | variations.        |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| *            | **NOAEL**   | **Target MOE** =  | Chronic Toxicity   |
| *Inhalation, | ^b^ = 10    | 100 (10x          | Study - Dog        |
| I            |             | inter-species     |                    |
| ntermediate- | mg/kg/day   | extrapolation,    | MRID 41970401      |
| and          |             | 10x intra-species |                    |
| Long-Term**  |             | variation)        | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |             |                   | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |             | **FQPA SF** = 1   | increased          |
|              |             |                   | incidence of       |
|              |             |                   | clinical signs in  |
|              |             |                   | males and females  |
|              |             |                   | and decreased      |
|              |             |                   | total cholesterol  |
|              |             |                   | levels in females. |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------------+

UF = uncertainty factor, FQPA SF = special FQPA safety factor, NOAEL =
no observed adverse effect level, LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect
level, PAD = population adjusted dose (a = acute, c = chronic), RfD =
reference dose, MOE = margin of exposure, LOC = Level of concern, NA =
Not Applicable.

a Short-term dermal endpoint = (2 mg/kg rat x 0.2 kg rat x 1000 ug/mg) /
50 cm^2^ area of rat dosed = 8 µg/cm^2^.

^b^ an additional uncertainty factor of 10x is used for route
extrapolation from an oral endpoint to determine if a confirmatory study
is warranted.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435614 .anchor}**3.3 FQPA Considerations**

The Agency (USEPA, 2006) decided that the FQPA safety factor be removed
for DDAC, based upon the existence of a complete developmental and
reproductive toxicity database and the lack of evidence for increased
susceptibility in these data.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435615 .anchor}**4.0 RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435616 .anchor}**4.1 Summary of Registered
Uses**

Products containing DDAC can be used as general cleaners, disinfectants,
and deodorizers. These products are primarily for use on indoor surfaces
such as hard floors, carpets, walls, bathroom fixtures, trash cans,
toilet bowls, and household contents. Additionally, other uses in the
home include liquid laundry deodorizers that are added to the final
rinse of the wash cycle, algaecide/bacteriocides that are added to
portable humidifiers and swimming pools, and deodorizers that are
sprayed on fabric. Residents may also be exposed to items that have been
treated with DDAC in occupational settings, such as dimensional lumber
for decks and play sets. Appendix A presents a summary of all exposure
scenarios that may occur in residential settings based on examination of
product labels*.* Table 4.1 identifies the representative exposure
scenarios assessed in this document.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435617 .anchor}**4.2 Residential Exposure**

The exposure scenarios assessed in this document for the representative
uses selected by AD are shown in Table 4.1. The table also shows the
maximum application rate associated with the representative use and the
EPA Registration number for the corresponding product label. It should
be noted that for the calculation of application rates in which the
density of the product is noted as 8.34 lb/gal, the product is assumed
to have the density of water because no product-specific density is
available. Handler exposures were assessed for the application of DDAC
to indoor hard surfaces, carpets, humidifiers, and swimming pools.
Post-application exposures were assessed for dermal and/or oral contact
with treated surfaces including hard floors, carpets, textiles, lumber,
and pool water. Post-application/bystander inhalation exposures were
assessed for the humidifier use. DDAC has a low vapor pressure, and
therefore, inhalation exposure is to the aerosol generation.

+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+----------------+
| **Table     |           |              |           |                |
| 4.1.        |           |              |           |                |
| Rep         |           |              |           |                |
| resentative |           |              |           |                |
| Uses        |           |              |           |                |
| Associated  |           |              |           |                |
| with        |           |              |           |                |
| Residential |           |              |           |                |
| Exposure**  |           |              |           |                |
+=============+===========+==============+===========+================+
| Rep         | Ap        | Exposure     | Reg       | Application    |
| resentative | plication | Scenario     | istration | Rate           |
| Use         | Method    |              | \#        |                |
+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+----------------+
| Indoor Hard | -         | ST Handler:  | [\>10%    | [\>10%         |
| Surfaces    |   Mopping | adult        | ai]{.u    | a              |
|             |           | dermal^a^    | nderline} | i]{.underline} |
|             | -         | and          |           |                |
|             |    Wiping | inhalation   | 10324-134 | 0.0200 lb      |
|             |           |              |           | a.i./gal       |
|             | -         | ST Post-app: | [1 to 10% |                |
|             |   Trigger | child        | ai]{.u    | (2 oz          |
|             |     pump  | incidental   | nderline} | product/gal    |
|             |     spray | ingestion    |           | water x 15.36% |
|             |           | and dermal   | 10324-80  | a.i. x 8.34    |
|             |           |              |           | lb/gal x 1     |
|             |           |              | [\<1%     | gal/128 oz)    |
|             |           |              | ai]{.u    |                |
|             |           |              | nderline} | [1 to 10%      |
|             |           |              |           | a              |
|             |           |              | NA^b^     | i]{.underline} |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | 0.0043 lb      |
|             |           |              |           | ai/gal         |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | (3.3% ai x     |
|             |           |              |           | 8.34 lb/gal x  |
|             |           |              |           | 2 oz/gal x 1   |
|             |           |              |           | gal/128 oz)    |
+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+----------------+
| Carpets     | -   Low   | ST Handler:  | [\>10%    | [\>10%         |
|             |           | adult        | ai]{.u    | a              |
|             |  pressure | dermal^a^    | nderline} | i]{.underline} |
|             |     spray | and          |           |                |
|             |           | inhalation   | 10324-108 | 0.0085 lb      |
|             |           |              |           | ai/gal         |
|             |           | ST Post-app: | [1 to 10% |                |
|             |           | child        | ai]{.u    | 13.02% ai x    |
|             |           | incidental   | nderline} | 8.34 lb/gal x  |
|             |           | ingestion    |           | 1 oz/gal x 1   |
|             |           | and dermal   | 10324-81  | gal /128 oz)   |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              | [\<1%     | [1 to 10%      |
|             |           |              | ai]{.u    | a              |
|             |           |              | nderline} | i]{.underline} |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              | NA^b^     | 0.0088 lb      |
|             |           |              |           | ai/gal         |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | (4.5% ai x     |
|             |           |              |           | 8.34 lb/gal x  |
|             |           |              |           | 3 oz/gal x 1   |
|             |           |              |           | gal/128 oz)    |
+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+----------------+
| Swimming    | -         | ST Handler:  | [\>10%    | HANDLERS       |
| pool        |    Liquid |              | ai]{.u    |                |
|             |     pour  | adult        | nderline} | [\>10%         |
|             |           | dermal^a^    |           | a              |
|             |           | and          | 10324-69  | i]{.underline} |
|             |           | inhalation   |           |                |
|             |           |              | [1 to 10% | Heavy algae:   |
|             |           | ST Post-app: | ai]{.u    |                |
|             |           | ingestion    | nderline} | 0.000017 lb    |
|             |           | (child and   |           | ai/gal (3 ppm) |
|             |           | adult)       | 1839-133  |                |
|             |           |              |           | (50.0% x 5.25  |
|             |           |              | [\<1%     | oz/10,000 gal  |
|             |           |              | ai]{.u    | x 8.34 lb/gal  |
|             |           |              | nderline} | x 1 gal/128    |
|             |           |              |           | oz)            |
|             |           |              | No        |                |
|             |           |              | products  | [1 to 10%      |
|             |           |              |           | a              |
|             |           |              |           | i]{.underline} |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | Winterizing:   |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | 0.0000167 lb   |
|             |           |              |           | ai/gal         |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | (10.0% x 128   |
|             |           |              |           | oz/50,000 gal  |
|             |           |              |           | x 8.34 lb/gal  |
|             |           |              |           | x 1 gal/128    |
|             |           |              |           | oz)            |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | PO             |
|             |           |              |           | ST-APPLICATION |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | Heavy algae:   |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | 0.0000488 lb   |
|             |           |              |           | ai/gal (6 ppm) |
|             |           |              |           |                |
|             |           |              |           | (50.0% x 15    |
|             |           |              |           | oz/10,000 gal  |
|             |           |              |           | x 8.34 lb/gal  |
|             |           |              |           | x 1 gal/128    |
|             |           |              |           | oz)            |
+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+----------------+
| Contacting  | -   NA^c^ | ST Post-app: | 6836-212  | NA             |
| Preserved   |           | child        |           |                |
| Wood        |           | incidental   |           |                |
|             |           | ingestion    |           |                |
|             |           | and dermal   |           |                |
+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+----------------+
| Wearing     | -   NA^d^ | ST Post-app: | 1677-109  | 0.000733 lb    |
| clothing    |           | adult        |           | ai/lbs dry     |
| and diapers |           | dermal;      |           | fabric         |
| treated     |           | child        |           |                |
| during      |           | incidental   |           | (50.0% x 2.25  |
| final rinse |           | ingestion    |           | oz/100 lbs dry |
| cycle of    |           | and dermal   |           | fabric x 8.34  |
| wash        |           |              |           | lb/gal x 1     |
|             |           |              |           | gal/128 oz)    |
+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+----------------+
| Wearing     | -   NA^e^ | ST Post-app: | 3573-69   | 0.011 lb       |
| clothing    |           | adult        |           | ai/gal         |
| treated     |           | dermal;      |           |                |
| with fabric |           | child        |           | (0.13% ai x    |
| spray       |           | incidental   |           | 8.34 lb/gal)   |
|             |           | ingestion    |           |                |
|             |           | and dermal   |           |                |
+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+----------------+
| Humidifier  | -         | ST Handler:  | 10324-80  | 0.0043 lb      |
|             |    Liquid |              |           | ai/gal         |
|             |     pour  | adult        |           |                |
|             |           | dermal^a^    |           | (3.3% ai x     |
|             |           | and          |           | 8.34 lb/gal x  |
|             |           | inhalation   |           | 2 oz/gal x 1   |
|             |           |              |           | gal/128 oz)    |
|             |           | ST Post-app: |           |                |
|             |           | child and    |           |                |
|             |           | adult        |           |                |
|             |           | inhalation   |           |                |
+-------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+----------------+

a The dermal risks are based on the short-term dermal endpoint (i.e.,
rat study) regardless of the percent active ingredient in the product.

b Application rates for products with \<1% ai are not needed because
dermal irritation exposures are not assessed for products with \<1% ai
and the inhalation exposures are assessed with the maximum application
for all products.

c The handlers scenarios were not assessed because the products can only
be used by occupational handlers.

d Handler exposures for application to laundry are represented by the
application to humidifiers.

e Handler exposures were not assessed because products contain \<1% ai.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435618 .anchor}**4.2.1 Residential Handler
Exposures**

The residential handler scenarios described in Table 4.1 were assessed
to determine dermal and inhalation exposures. The scenarios were
assessed using PHED and CMA data and the equations in Section 1.2,
"Criteria for Conducting Risk Assessment." A summary of the PHED and CMA
data sets are presented in Appendix B.

**Unit Exposure Values**: Unit exposure values were taken from the PHED
data presented in HED's Residential SOPs (USEPA, 1997) and from the CMA
data from the EPA memorandum Evaluation of Chemical Manufacturers
Association Antimicrobial Exposure Assessment Study (USEPA, 1999).

-   For the ***mopping*** scenario, the CMA dermal (hand) and inhalation
    unit exposure values for ungloved mopping were used (52 mg/lb a.i.
    and 2.38 mg/lb a.i., respectively). After normalization for the
    surface area of the hand (820 cm^2^), the dermal unit exposure value
    is 0.063 mg/lb a.i/cm^2^. These values are based on data collected
    from six replicates mopping floors and receiving exposure via
    contact with the mop or with the bucket.

-   For the ***wiping*** scenario, the CMA dermal (hand) and inhalation
    unit exposure values for ungloved wiping were used (1,100 mg/lb a.i.
    and 67.3 mg/lb a.i., respectively). After normalization for the
    surface area of the hand (820 cm^2^), the dermal unit exposure value
    is 1.34 mg/lb a.i/cm^2^. These values are based on data collected
    from six replicates (dental technicians) who used a finger pump
    sprayer to apply the product and then wiped the surfaces with a
    paper towel.

-   For ***trigger pump*** scenarios, the PHED dermal (hand) and
    inhalation unit exposure values are 106 mg/lb a.i. and 2.4 mg/lb
    a.i., respectively. After normalization for the surface area of the
    hand (820 cm^2^), the dermal unit exposure value is 0.129 mg/lb
    a.i/cm^2^. The values are based on homeowners applying an
    insecticide packaged in an aerosol can to baseboards in kitchens and
    are representative of a handler wearing short pants and a short
    sleeve shirt, with no gloves.

-   For ***low pressure handwand***, the CMA dermal (hand) and
    inhalation unit exposure values for ungloved use of a low pressure
    spray are 132 and 0.681 mg/lb a.i., respectively. After
    normalization for the surface area of the hand (820 cm^2^), the
    dermal unit exposure value is 0.161 mg/lb a.i/cm^2^. The values are
    based on data collected from eight replicates who hand sprayed
    carpet using 200 psi, then used a push broom rake to raise the
    carpet nap.

-   For ***liquid pour*** in ***swimming pool*** and ***humidifier***
    scenarios, the cooling tower CMA data for liquid pour was used for
    dermal exposures. This set of data was used because no other CMA
    data sets represent ungloved replicates pouring liquid. The dermal
    hand unit exposure value is 0.196 mg/lb a.i. After normalization for
    the surface area of the hand (820 cm^2^), the dermal unit exposure
    value is 0.000239 mg/lb a.i/cm^2^. For inhalation exposures, the CMA
    preservative data were used for swimming pool exposures. The
    inhalation unit exposure is 0.00346 mg/lb a.i. and is based on 2
    replicates. Number range CHAPTERAlthough this unit exposure is based
    on minimal replicates, the exposure value is similar to the one
    found in PHED for a similar scenarios. For the humidifier tank
    scenario, CMA data for liquid pour of disinfectants were used. The
    inhalation unit exposure value is 1.89 mg/lb a.i. The value is based
    on data collected from two gloved replicates involving pouring a
    disinfectant product from a jug into sterilization trays designed
    for dental instruments, adding water and instruments to the tray,
    removing the instruments, and discarding the old solution.

**Quantity handled/treated**: The quantities handled/treated were
estimated based on information from various sources, including the
Antimicrobial Division's estimates.

-   For ***mopping*** scenarios, it is assumed that 1 gallon of diluted
    solution is used.

-   For ***wiping and trigger pump spray*** scenarios, it is assumed
    that 0.5 liter (0.13 gal) of diluted solution is used.

```{=html}
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```
-   For ***low pressure hand wand*,** it was assumed that 2 gallons are
    used in all indoor applications.

-   For ***liquid pour*** in ***swimming pool*** scenario, it was
    assumed that a residential pool contains 20,000 gallons of water.

-   For ***liquid pour*** in ***humidifier*** scenario, it was assumed
    that a humidifier with a 11 gallon tank would be treated, based on
    Holmes Model# HM4600-U-11. This humidifier releases 11 gallons/1,700
    ft^2^/24 hours
    (http://www.holmesproducts.com/estore/product.aspx?CatalogId=3&CategoryId=1120&ProductId=582).

**Duration of Exposure:** The duration of exposure for most homeowner
exposures is believed to be best represented by the short-term duration
(1 to 30 days). The reason that short term duration was chosen to be
assessed is because the different handler and post-application scenarios
are assumed to be episodic, not daily. In addition, homeowners are
assumed to use different products with varying activities, not
exclusively DDAC treated products.

**[Results]{.underline}**

The resulting short-term exposures and MOEs for the representative
residential handler scenarios are presented in Tables 4.2 (inhalation)
and 4.3 (dermal). The calculated inhalation MOEs are above the target
MOE of 100 for all scenarios. The calculated dermal MOEs are above the
target MOE of 100 for all scenarios. A confirmatory inhalation toxicity
study may be warranted because inhalation MOE was below 1,000 for the
wiping scenario (MOE = 820). The dermal MOEs were below the target MOE
of 100 for all scenarios except for the humidifier and swimming pool
applications.

+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| **Table  |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| 4.2      |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Sh       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| ort-Term |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Res      |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| idential |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Handler  |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| In       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| halation |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| E        |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| xposures |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| and      |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| MOEs**   |        |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| Exposure | Appli  | App      | Quantity | Unit   | Absorbed | MOE  |
| Scenario | cation | lication | Handled/ | Ex     | Daily    | ^d^  |
|          | Method | Rate^a^  | Treated  | posure | Dose     |      |
| App      |        | (lb      | per      |        | (mg      | (Ta  |
| lication |        | ai       | day^b^   | (mg/lb | /kg/day) | rget |
| Method   |        | /gallon) | (        | a.i.)  | ^c^      | MOE  |
|          |        |          | gallons) |        |          | =    |
|          |        |          |          |        |          | 100) |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| App      | M      | 0.020    | 1        | 2.38   | 0.00079  | 13   |
| lication | opping |          |          |        |          | ,000 |
| to       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| indoor   |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| hard     |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| surfaces |        |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
|          | Wiping | 0.020    | 0.13     | 67.3   | 0.0029   | 3    |
|          |        |          |          |        |          | ,400 |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
|          | T      | 0.020    | 0.13     | 2.4    | 0.00010  | 96   |
|          | rigger |          |          |        |          | ,000 |
|          | Spray  |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| App      | Low    | 0.0088   | 2        | 0.681  | 0.012    | 50   |
| lication | Pr     |          |          |        |          | ,000 |
| to       | essure |          |          |        |          |      |
| Carpets  | Spray  |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| App      | Liquid | 0.000017 | 20,000   | 0      | 0.00002  | 510  |
| lication | Pour   |          |          | .00346 |          | ,000 |
| to       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Swimming |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Pools    |        |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| App      | Liquid | 0.0043   | 11       | 1.89   | 0.0015   | 6    |
| lication | Pour   |          |          |        |          | ,700 |
| to       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Hu       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| midifers |        |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for DDAC.

b Amount handled per day values are estimates or label instructions.

c Absorbed Daily dose (mg/kg/day) = \[unit exposure (mg/lb a.i.) x
application rate (lb ai/gal) x quantity treated (gal/day) x absorption
factor (1.0 for inhalation)\]/ Body weight (60 kg for inhalation).

d MOE = NOAEL / Absorbed Daily Dose. \[Where short-term NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day for inhalation\]. Target MOE = 100.

+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| **Table    |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| 4.3        |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| Short-Term |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| R          |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| esidential |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| Handler    |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| Dermal     |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| Risks**    |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| Exposure   | Appli  | Appl    | Quantity | Hand  | D     | MOE ^e^ |
| Scenario   | cation | ication | Handled/ | Unit  | ermal |         |
|            | Method | R       | Treated  | Exp   | Skin  | (Target |
|            |        | ate^a^\ | per      | osure | Irrit | MOE =   |
|            |        | (lb     | day^b^   | Adj   | ation | 100)    |
|            |        | ai/gal) | (gallon) | usted | Exp   |         |
|            |        |         |          | for   | osure |         |
|            |        |         |          | Su    | ^d^   |         |
|            |        |         |          | rface |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | Area  | (g/c |         |
|            |        |         |          |       | m^2^) |         |
|            |        |         |          | (     |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | mg/lb |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | ai    |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | /cm^2 |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | ^)^c^ |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| **Products |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| with \< 1% |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| DDAC**     |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| No dermal  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| endpoint   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| identified |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| for        |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| products   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| with \<1%  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| DDAC       |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| **Products |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| with 1 to  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| 10% DDAC   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| (NOAEL = 8 |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| µ          |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| g/cm^2^)** |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | M      | 0.0043  | 1        | 0.063 | 0.273 | 29      |
| pplication | opping |         |          |       |       |         |
| to indoor  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| hard       |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| surfaces   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
|            | Wiping | 0.0043  | 0.13     | 1.341 | 0.750 | 11      |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
|            | T      | 0.0043  | 0.13     | 0.129 | 0.072 | 110     |
|            | rigger |         |          |       |       |         |
|            | Spray  |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | Low    | 0.0088  | 2        | 0.161 | 2.832 | 3       |
| pplication | Pr     |         |          |       |       |         |
| to Carpets | essure |         |          |       |       |         |
|            | Spray  |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| Humidifier | Liquid | 0.0043  | 11       | 0.0   | 0.011 | 710     |
|            | Pour   |         |          | 00239 |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | Liquid | 0       | 20,000   | 0.0   | 0.080 | 98      |
| pplication | Pour   | .000017 |          | 00239 |       |         |
| to         |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| swimming   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| pools      |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| **Products |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| with \>10% |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| DDAC       |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| (NOAEL = 8 |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| µ          |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| g/cm^2^)** |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | M      | 0.020   | 1        | 0.063 | 1.27  | 6       |
| pplication | opping |         |          |       |       |         |
| to indoor  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| hard       |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| surfaces   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
|            | Wiping | 0.020   | 0.13     | 1.341 | 3.49  | 2       |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
|            | T      | 0.020   | 0.13     | 0.129 | 0.34  | 24      |
|            | rigger |         |          |       |       |         |
|            | Spray  |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | Low    | 0.0085  | 2        | 0.161 | 2.731 | 3       |
| pplication | Pr     |         |          |       |       |         |
| to Carpets | essure |         |          |       |       |         |
|            | Spray  |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | Liquid | 0       | 20,000   | 0.0   | 0.08  | 98      |
| pplication | Pour   | .000017 |          | 00239 |       |         |
| to         |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| swimming   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| pools      |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for DDAC.

b Amount handled per day values are estimates or label instructions.

c Unit Exposure (mg/lb ai/cm^2^) = Hand unit exposure from PHED or CMA
(mg/lb ai) / surface area of hand (820 cm^2^).

d Dermal Skin Irritation Exposure (g/lb ai/cm^2^) = Unit Exposure
(mg/lb ai/cm^2^) x Application Rate (lb ai/gal) x Quantity Treated
(gal/day) x 1,000 g/mg

e MOE = NOAEL (g/cm^2^)/ Dermal Skin Irritation Exposure (g/cm^2^).
\[Where short-term dermal NOAEL = 8 µg/cm^2^\]. Target MOE = 100.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435619 .anchor}**4.2.2 Residential
Post-application Exposures**

For the purposes of this screening level assessment, post-application
scenarios have been developed that encompass multiple products, but
still represent a high end exposure scenario for all products
represented. As shown in Table 4.1, representative post-application
scenarios assessed include crawling on treated hard surfaces, carpets,
and treated lumber such as decks/play sets (dermal and incidental oral
exposure to children), wearing treated clothing from wash treatment and
from spray treatment (dermal exposure to adults and children and
incidental oral exposure to children), using portable humidifiers (adult
and child inhalation exposure), and swimming in treated pools (adult and
child incidental ingestion).

Since no toxicological endpoint of concern was identified for dermal
systemic adverse effects, post-application dermal risks were assessed
using the toxicological endpoint of concern for dermal irritation. The
residential post-application dermal risks were assessed by comparing the
surface residue on the skin (dermal skin irritation exposure) to the
short-term dermal irritation endpoint. It was assumed that during the
exposure period, the skin repeatedly contacts the treated surface until
a steady-state concentration of residues is achieved on the skin.

**4.2.2.1 Hard Surface Floor and Carpets**

***Dermal Exposure to Children from Treated Hard Floors and Carpets***

**[Exposure Calculations]{.underline}**

There is the potential for dermal exposure to toddlers crawling on hard
floors and carpets after mopping or cleaning with DDAC. Risks were
calculated for children contacting treated floors in residential homes.
To determine toddler exposure to floor residues, the following equation
was used:

*E = AR x DTF x DRF x CF1 X CF2* **(Eq. 4)**

Where:

E = Dermal skin irritation exposure (μg/cm^2^);

AR = Application rate (lb/ft^2^);

DTF = Dermal transfer factor (fraction, unitless);

DRF = Disinfectant fraction remaining on floor (unitless);

CF1 = Conversion factor (4.54x10^8^ μg/lb);

CF2 = Conversion factor (0.00108 ft^2^/cm^2^);

**[Assumptions]{.underline}**

Due to limited data, a number of conservative assumptions have been
made:

-   No transferable residue data were available that could be used to
    estimate the transfer of DDAC from the floor to skin. Therefore, it
    is assumed that 10% of the deposition rate is available for dermal
    transfer from hard floors and 5% of the deposition rate is available
    for dermal transfer from carpets (USEPA, 2000 and 2001).

-   No data could be found regarding the quantity of solution residue
    left on the floor after treatment. As a conservative measure, it has
    been assumed that 25% of the cleaning solution remains on the floor
    after the final cleaning/mopping.

-   For mopping on hard floors, the labels did not provide information
    on the volume of disinfectant to be used for cleaning floors. It was
    assumed that the diluted treatment solution was applied at a rate of
    1 gallon per 1,000 sq. ft. The maximum application rate on the
    product labels for application to hard surfaces is 0.020 lb ai/gal
    (see Table 4.1) for a residential setting. Therefore, the
    application rate used in the post-application hard floor scenarios
    was 0.000020 lb ai/ft^2^. For carpets, the labels stated that 1
    gallon of diluted treatment solution should be applied at a rate of
    1 gallon per 300 to 500 sq. ft for rotary floor machines. Using a
    rate of 1 gallon solution per 300 sq. ft. and a maximum application
    rate of 0.0088 lb ai/gal (see Table 4.1), the application rate used
    in the post-application carpet scenarios was 0.0000293 lb ai/ft^2^.

-   It was assumed that the exposed toddler plays regularly on the
    treated floor. In a residential home, short-term exposure duration
    is most likely since homeowners are expected to clean the floor only
    intermittently.

**[Results]{.underline}**

The calculation of the short-term dermal doses and MOEs are shown in
Table 4.4. The dermal MOEs are below the target MOE of 100 (MOE = 33 for
hard surfaces and 45 for carpets).

+---------+---------+-------------+----------+----------------+------+
| **Table |         |             |          |                |      |
| 4.4.    |         |             |          |                |      |
| Sho     |         |             |          |                |      |
| rt-term |         |             |          |                |      |
| Dermal  |         |             |          |                |      |
| Risks   |         |             |          |                |      |
| Ass     |         |             |          |                |      |
| ociated |         |             |          |                |      |
| with    |         |             |          |                |      |
| Po      |         |             |          |                |      |
| st-appl |         |             |          |                |      |
| ication |         |             |          |                |      |
| E       |         |             |          |                |      |
| xposure |         |             |          |                |      |
| from a  |         |             |          |                |      |
| Treated |         |             |          |                |      |
| Hard    |         |             |          |                |      |
| Surface |         |             |          |                |      |
| Floor   |         |             |          |                |      |
| and     |         |             |          |                |      |
| C       |         |             |          |                |      |
| arpet** |         |             |          |                |      |
+---------+---------+-------------+----------+----------------+------+
| E       | Appl    | Product     | Percent  | Dermal skin    | MOE  |
| xposure | ication | remaining   | Transfer | irritation     |      |
| S       | Rate    | after       | Residue  | exposure ^a^   |      |
| cenario |         | applying    |          | (µg/cm^2^)     |      |
|         | (lb     |             |          |                |      |
|         | ai/sq   |             |          |                |      |
|         | ft)     |             |          |                |      |
+---------+---------+-------------+----------+----------------+------+
| Hard    | 0       | 25%         | 10%      | 0.245          | 33   |
| surface | .000020 |             |          |                |      |
+---------+---------+-------------+----------+----------------+------+
| Carpet  | 0.      | 25%         | 5%       | 0.180          | 45   |
|         | 0000293 |             |          |                |      |
+---------+---------+-------------+----------+----------------+------+

a Dermal skin irritation exposure (µg/cm^2^) = (Application rate,
lb/ft^2^) x (conversion factor, 4.54 E8 µg/lb) x (conversion factor,
0.00108 ft^2^ /cm^2^) x (product remaining after mopping, 25%) x (dermal
transfer factor, 10% for hard surface and 5% for carpets)

b\. MOE = NOAEL (µg/cm^2^) / Surface Residue on skin (µg/cm^2^).
Short-term dermal NOAEL is 8 µg/cm^2^. Target MOE = 100.

***Child Incidental Ingestion Exposure to Treated Hard Floors and
Carpets***

**[Exposure Calculations]{.underline}**

In addition to dermal exposure, toddlers crawling on treated hard floors
will also be exposed to DDAC via incidental oral exposure through
hand-to-mouth activity. To calculate incidental ingestion exposure to
these chemicals due to hand-to-mouth transfer, the scenarios established
in the *Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Residential Exposure
Assessments* (USEPA 2000 and 2001) were used. These scenarios use
assumptions are similar to those used in calculating exposures due to
dermal contact of DDAC from toddlers crawling on treated floors. Risks
were calculated for children contacting treated floors in residential
homes and in commercial day care centers. Typically the day care center
scenario is assessed as the intermediate-term duration because the
frequency of cleaning is assumed to be greater than that of the
residential setting. However, for DDAC, the short- and intermediate-term
incidental oral endpoints are identical. The following equations were
used to determine risks from hand-to-mouth transfer of pesticide
residues to toddlers:

*PDR~norm~= [SR x DTF x SA x FQ x ET x SE x CF1]{.underline}* **(Eq.
5)**

*BW*

Where:

PDR~norm~ = Potential dose rate (mg/kg/day);

SR = Indoor Surface Residue (µg/cm^2^);

DTF = Dermal transfer factor (unitless fraction);

> SA = Surface area of the hands that contact both the treated area, and
> the individuals mouth (cm^2^/event);

FQ = Frequency of hand-to-mouth events (events/hr);

SE = Saliva extraction efficiency (unitless fraction);

ET = Exposure time (hrs/day);

CF1 = Unit conversion factor (0.001 mg/g); and

BW = Body weight (kg)

*SR=AR x DRF x CF2 x CF3*

Where:

SR = Surface residue on floor (µg/cm^2^);

AR = Application rate (lb ai/ft^2^);

DRF = Disinfectant fraction remaining on floor (25%);

CF2 = Unit conversion factor (4.54x10^8^ µg/lb); and

CF3 = Unit conversion factor (0.00108 ft^2^/cm^2^)

**[Assumptions]{.underline}**

Due to limited data, a number of conservative assumptions have been
made:

-   Toddlers (3 years old) were used to represent the 1 to 6 year old
    age group and are assumed to weigh 15 kg, the median for male and
    female toddlers (USEPA 2000 and 2001).

-   Based on the SOP, it is assumed that the surface area used for each
    hand-to-mouth event is 20 cm^2^, and that there are 20 events per
    hour for short-term exposures (90^th^ percentile (USEPA 2000 and
    2001)).

-   For hard floors, the exposure time is 4 hours/day, based on the time
    spent in the kitchen and bathroom for adults. For carpets, the
    exposure time is 8 hours/day based on the total amount of time spent
    indoors for young children and subtracting the amount of time spent
    sleeping, eating, and bathing (USEPA 2000 and 2001).

-   The saliva extraction efficiency is 50% (USEPA 2000 and 2001)

-   No data could be found regarding the quantity of solution residue
    left on the floor after treatment. As a conservative measure, it has
    been assumed that 25% of the cleaning solution remains after the
    final mopping or cleaning.

-   No transferable residue data were available that could be used to
    estimate the transfer of DDAC from the floor to skin. Therefore, it
    was assumed that 10% of the deposition rate is available for dermal
    transfer from hard floors and 5% of the deposition rate is available
    for dermal transfer from carpets (USEPA 2000 and 2001).

**[Results]{.underline}**

The calculation of the short-term oral doses and MOEs are shown in Table
4.5. The oral MOEs are above the target MOE of 100 (MOE = 760 for hard
floors and 520 for carpets). Note: The short-term duration is protective
of the intermediate-term exposures at a day care facility because the
toxicity data are identical.

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="11"><strong>Table 4.5. Short-term Incidental Oral Risks
Associated with Post-application Exposure from a Treated Hard Surface
Floor and Carpet</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th>Exposure Scenario</th>
<th><p>Appl. Rate</p>
<p>(lb ai/</p>
<p>sq ft)</p></th>
<th>Percent transferable residue</th>
<th>Product remaining after applying</th>
<th><p>Surface area mouthed (cm<sup>2</sup>/</p>
<p>event)</p></th>
<th>Exposure Frequency (events/hr)</th>
<th>Saliva Extraction Factor</th>
<th>Exposure Time (hrs/day)</th>
<th>Surface Residue on floor<sup>a</sup> (µg/cm<sup>2</sup>)</th>
<th><p>Potential Dose Rate<sup>b</sup> (mg/kg</p>
<p>/day)</p></th>
<th>Incidental Oral MOE<sup>c</sup></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Hard Surface</td>
<td>0.000020</td>
<td>10%</td>
<td>25%</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>2.45</td>
<td>0.013</td>
<td>760</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Carpet</td>
<td>0.0000293</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td>25%</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>50%</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>3.60</td>
<td>0.019</td>
<td>520</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a Surface residue on floor (µg/cm^2^) = (application rate, lb ai/ft^2^)
x (Disinfectant fraction remaining on floor, 25%) x (conversion factor
to convert lb to µg, 4.54E+08 µg/lb) x (conversion factor to convert
ft^2^ to cm^2^, 1.08E-03 ft^2^/cm^2^)

b Potential Dose Rate (mg/kg/day) = \[(Surface residue on floor,
µg/cm^2^) x (transferable residue, 0.10 for hard floors and 0.05 for
carpets) x (exposure time, 4 hrs/day for hard floors and 8hrs/day for
carpets) x (surface area of hands, 20 cm^2^/event) x (exposure
frequency, 20 events/hr) x (product remaining after applying, 25%) x
(extraction by saliva, 50 %) x (conversion factor to convert g to mg,
0.001 mg/µg)\]/(body weight, 15 kg)

c MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / potential dose rate (mg/kg/day) \[Where oral
NOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day for short-term\]. Target MOE = 100.

> []{.mark}

**4.2.2.2 Textiles**

> []{.mark}
>
> ***Dermal Exposure to Laundered Clothing-Adult and Child***

**[Exposure Calculations]{.underline}**

Some DDAC fabric softener/sanitizing products are added to the final
rinse cycle water to provide self-sanitizing and bacteriostatic activity
against odor-causing organisms. To determine dermal skin irritation
exposure to treated clothing, the guidance provided in Human and
Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Guidance Document (2003, 2005) was
used. The following equation, modified from the basic equation provided
in HERA (2003), is used to calculate dermal exposure:

*Dermal Skin Irritation Exposure (μg/cm^2^) = AR x F x FD x F1 x F2 x
CF1* **(Eq. 6)**

Where:

AR = Application rate in mg a.i./mg weight of fabric;

F = Weight fraction of the chemical left on the clothing after the final
spin;

FD = Fabric density (mg/cm^2^);

F1 = Weight fraction transferred from clothing to skin;

F2 = Weight fraction remaining on skin; and

CF1 = Conversion factor, 1,000 μg/mg.

**[Assumptions]{.underline}**

-   The application rate is 0.000733 mg a.i/mg weight of fabric, based
    on product label \# 1677-109.

-   In HERA (2003), it was determined that 2.5% of the chemical in the
    laundry detergent remains after the final rinse cycle.  It is
    assumed that a washing machine containing laundry, detergent, and
    water would go through an agitation period, then spin dry, then
    refill with fresh water for rinsing, agitate, and then spin dry
    again.  Assuming that the fraction of chemical removed during each
    spin dry cycle is the same, then:

 

*M~f~ / M~i~ = X~spin~^2^ = 0.025* **(Eq. 7)**

Where:

> M~f~ = Mass of chemical remaining on clothing after the final rinse,
>
> M~i~ = Mass of chemical originally added to laundry machine, and
>
> X~spin~ = Fraction of chemical remaining after each spin cycle.
>
> The quantity *X~spin~* is squared because the laundry and the
> detergent undergo two spin cycles. For assessment of fabric
> softener/sanitizer, the fraction of chemical remaining will be
> equivalent to *X~spin~*, since the fabric softener/sanitizer, which is
> applied during the rinse cycle, will only undergo one spin cycle.
> Taking the square root of both sides of Equation 7 gives an *X~spin~*
> value of 0.158, or 15.8%.

-   The fabric density is 10 mg/cm^2^, which is the value provided in
    HERA (2003) for mixed cotton and synthetics.

-   No leaching data were available that could be used to estimate a
    flux rate of the chemical from clothing. Exposures were calculated
    using a conservative transfer factor of 100%, which assumes that all
    residues are transferable from clothing surfaces to the skin, and
    using HERA's value of 1% transfer (HERA, 2003).

```{=html}
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```
-   No dissipation data were available; therefore, the amount of DDAC
    remaining on the skin is assumed to be 100 percent.

**[Results]{.underline}**

The resulting short-term dermal exposures and MOEs are presented in
Table 4.6. The dermal MOE was above the target MOE of 100 assuming the
1% transfer, and therefore, not of concern. A confirmatory study to
determine the percent transfer is warranted as the MOE estimated
assuming 100% transfer is of concern.

+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+
| **Table 4.6. Short-  |                           |                   |
| and                  |                           |                   |
| Intermediate-term    |                           |                   |
| Dermal               |                           |                   |
| Post-application     |                           |                   |
| Exposure and MOE for |                           |                   |
| Contacting Laundered |                           |                   |
| Clothing -- Adult    |                           |                   |
| and Child**          |                           |                   |
+======================+===========================+===================+
| Parameter            | Value                     | Rational          |
+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+
| Application rate     | 0.000733 mg a.i/mg weight | See Table 4.1     |
|                      | of fabric                 |                   |
+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+
| Weight fraction of   | 15.8%                     | Eq. 7             |
| residue remaining    |                           |                   |
| after final spin     |                           |                   |
+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+
| Fabric density       | 10 mg/cm^2^               | Mixed cotton and  |
|                      |                           | synthetics (HERA  |
|                      |                           | 2003)             |
+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+
| Residue transfer     | 1% and 100%               | HERA 2003 and EPA |
| factor from clothing |                           | assumption        |
| to skin              |                           |                   |
+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+
| Weight fraction      | 100%                      | HERA, 2003        |
| remaining on skin    |                           |                   |
+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+
| Dermal Exposure^a^   | 1% = 0.0116 μg/cm^2^      | Eq. 6             |
|                      |                           |                   |
|                      | 100% = 1.16 μg/cm^2^      |                   |
+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+
| Dermal NOAEL         | 4 μg/cm^2^                | Dermal endpoint   |
|                      |                           | selected          |
+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+
| Dermal Short-term    | 1% = 690                  | Eq. 3b (Target    |
| MOE^b^               |                           | MOE = 100)        |
|                      | 100% = 7                  |                   |
+----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------+

a Dermal Exposure (μg/cm^2^) =(Application rate, 0.000733 mg a.i/mg
weight of fabric) x (residue left after spin cycle, 15.8%) x (fabric
density, 10 mg/cm^2^) x (weight fraction transferred from clothing to
skin) x (weight fraction remaining on skin) x (conversion factor, 1000
μg/mg)

b MOE = NOAEL (μg/cm^2^) / dermal exposure (μg/cm^2^) \[Where short-term
dermal NOAEL = 8 μg/cm^2^\]. Target MOE = 100.

***Incidental Oral Exposure to Laundered Clothing-Adult and Child***

**[Exposure Calculations]{.underline}**

Oral exposure associated with toddlers mouthing clothing was assessed
using an equation similar to that used for assessing dermal exposure to
laundered clothing:

*Oral Exposure (mg/kg/day) = [AR x F x FD x S~mouthed~ x
SE]{.underline}* **(Eq. 8)**

*BW*

Where:

AR = Application rate in mg a.i./mg weight of fabric;

F = Weight fraction of the chemical left on the clothing after the final
spin;

FD = Fabric density (mg/cm^2^);

S~mouthed~ = Surface area of fabric that is mouthed (cm^2^);

SE = Saliva extraction factor; and

BW = Body weight (kg).

**[Assumptions]{.underline}**

-   The surface area of fabric mouthed is 100 cm^2^ (HERA, 2003).

-   The saliva extraction factor is 50% (USEPA 2000 and 2001).

-   Assumptions regarding fabric density and weight fraction of chemical
    left after final spin are identical to those used for the assessment
    of dermal exposure to laundered clothing.

**[Results]{.underline}**

The resulting short-term oral exposure and MOE are presented in Table
4.7. The oral MOE was above the target MOE of 100.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table 4.7. Short-term                           
  Incidental Oral                                   
  Postapplication Exposure                          
  and MOE for Contacting                            
  Laundered Clothing --                             
  Child**                                           
  --------------------------- --------------------- ----------------------
  Parameter                   Value                 Rational

  Application rate            0.000733 mg a.i/mg    See Table 4.1
                              weight of fabric      

  Weight fraction of residue  15.8%                 HERA 2005
  remaining after final spin                        

  Fabric density              10 mg/cm^2^           Mixed cotton and
                                                    synthetics (HERA 2003)

  Surface area of clothing    100 cm^2^             HERA 2003
  available for mouthing                            

  Saliva Extraction Factor    50%                   USEPA 2000 and 2001

  Body weight                 15 kg                 EPA 1997, median body
                                                    weight

  Oral Exposure^a^            0.00386 mg/kg/day     Eq. 8

  Oral NOAEL                  10 mg/kg/day          Oral endpoint selected

  Short-, intermediate-term   2,600                 Eq. 3
  MOE^b^                                            
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------

a Oral Exposure (mg/kg/day) = (Application rate, 0.000733 mg a.i/mg
weight of fabric) x (residue left after spin cycle, 15.8%) x (fabric
density, 10 mg/cm^2^) x (surface area mouthed, 100 cm^2^) x (Saliva
extraction factor, 50%) / (body weight, kg)

b MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / potential daily dose (mg/kg/day) \[Where
short-term oral NOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day\]. Target MOE = 100.

#### *Dermal Exposure to Clothing Treated with Fabric Spray* {#dermal-exposure-to-clothing-treated-with-fabric-spray .unnumbered}

**[Exposure Calculations]{.underline}**

There is the potential for dermal exposure to children wearing clothing
treated with a trigger-pump spray product containing antimicrobials. The
product label (3573-69) indicates to spray fabric until damp and to
allow surface to dry before use. The dermal skin irritation exposure is
calculated using following equation and assumptions:

> E = C x TR **(Eq. 9)**
>
> Where:
>
> E = Dermal Skin irritation Exposure (g/cm^2^); and
>
> C = Concentration on clothing (g ai/cm^2^).

TR = Transferable residue from clothing to skin (%);

C = A x WF x CF

Where:

> C = Concentration on clothing (g ai/cm^2^);
>
> A = Water absorption rate of Whatman absorbent materials (198
> mg/cm^2^);
>
> WF = Weight fraction of product (% ai); and
>
> CF = Conversion factor (1,000 g/mg).

**[Assumptions]{.underline}**

-   Whatman, Inc. sells "absorbent sinks", reels of absorbent materials
    for use in laboratories (Whatman, 2005). One of their products, CF7,
    is composed of 100% cotton and is 1.9 mm-thick. This product has a
    stated water absorption rate of 198 mg/cm^2^. Since 1.9 mm seems a
    reasonable thickness for clothing, and it is assumed that the spray
    product is used until the clothing is thoroughly wet (conservative
    assumption), an application rate of 198 mg product/cm^2^ is assumed
    unless product specific data are submitted.

-   If data are not available from which a transfer factor could be
    estimated, potential doses are calculated using a conservative
    transfer factor of 100%, which assumes that all residues are
    transferable from clothing surfaces. Potential doses can also be
    calculated using a less conservative transfer factor of 5%, which is
    based on the amount of residue assumed to be transferable from
    carpeted surfaces (USEPA, 2001) but confirmatory data will be
    requested to support this assumption.

**[Results]{.underline}**

The resulting short-term oral exposure and MOE are presented in Table
4.8. The dermal MOEs were below the target MOE of 100 for both the 100%
and 5% transfer factors (MOEs are less than or equal to 1).

  ------------------ ---------------- --------------- ---------- ------------ ---------
  **Table 4.8.                                                                
  Short-term Dermal                                                           
  Risks Associated                                                            
  with                                                                        
  Post-application                                                            
  Exposure from a                                                             
  Clothing Treated                                                            
  with a Fabric                                                               
  Spray**                                                                     

  Weight fraction of Water absorption Concentration   Percent    Dermal skin  MOE
  product (%ai)      rate of Whatman  of Clothing     Transfer   irritation   (Target
                     absorbent        (µg/cm^2^)      Residue    exposure ^a^ MOE =
                     materials                                   (µg/cm^2^)   100)
                     (mg/cm^2^);                                              

  0.0013             198              257             100%       257          \<1

  0.0013             198              257             5%         12.9         1
  ------------------ ---------------- --------------- ---------- ------------ ---------

a Concentration on clothing (µg/cm^2^) = % active ingredient / 100 \*
Product absorption rate (198 mg/cm^2^)\* conversion factor (1,000 µg/mg)

b Dermal Skin Irritation Exposure (µg/cm^2^) = (concentration on
clothing, µg/cm^2^) \* (percent transferable residue from textile).

c MOE = NOAEL (µg/cm^2^) / Dermal Skin Irritation Exposure (µg/cm^2^)
\[Where short-term dermal NOAEL = 8 µg/cm^2^. Target MOEs = 100.

***Incidental Oral Exposure to Children Mouthing Clothing Treated with
Fabric Spray***

**[Exposure Calculations]{.underline}**

There is the potential for incidental oral exposure to children from
mouthing textiles treated with a trigger-pump spray product containing
DDAC.

Potential doses are calculated as follows:

PDD = [C x SA x SE]{.underline} **(Eq. 10)**

BW

where:

> PDD = potential daily dose (mg/kg/day)
>
> C = concentration on clothing (mg/cm^2^)
>
> SE = saliva extraction efficiency (%)
>
> SA = Surface area mouthed (cm^2^/day)
>
> BW = body weight (kg)

**[Assumptions]{.underline}**

-   The concentration of the chemical on clothing was determined using
    same methodology as discussed in the previous section,
    post-application dermal exposure to textiles.

-   The surface area of textiles mouthed by children is 100 cm^2^ (HERA
    2003).

-   The saliva extraction efficiency is 50% (USEPA 2000 and 2001).

-   Toddlers (3 years old) are used to represent the 1 to 6 year old age
    group. For three-year olds, the median body weight is 15 kg (USEPA
    1997).

**[Results]{.underline}**

Table 4.9 shows the calculation of the oral dose and oral MOE for
children mouthing treated textiles. The MOE value is below the target
MOE of 100 (MOE = **12**).

  ------------------ ------------ --------------- ------------- ------------ ------------- ------------
  **Table 4.9.                                                                             
  Short-term                                                                               
  Post-application                                                                         
  Incidental Oral                                                                          
  Exposures and MOEs                                                                       
  for Children                                                                             
  Contacting                                                                               
  Clothing Treated                                                                         
  with a Fabric                                                                            
  Spray**                                                                                  

  \% a.i.            Product      Concentration   Area mouthed  Saliva       Potential     Incidental
                     absorption   on clothing^a^  (cm^2^/day)   Extraction   daily dose    Oral MOE^c^
                     rate         (mg/cm^2^)                    Factor       (mg/kg/day)   
                     (mg/cm^2^)                                                            

  0.13               198          0.257           100           50%          0.857         **12**
  ------------------ ------------ --------------- ------------- ------------ ------------- ------------

a Concentration on clothing (mg ai/cm^2^) = % active ingredient/100 \*
Product absorption rate (198 mg/cm^2^)

b Potential Daily Dose (mg/kg/day) = (Concentration on clothing,
mg/cm^2^) \* (area mouthed, cm^2^/day) \* (saliva extraction factor,
unitless fraction) / (body weight, kg).

c MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / absorbed potential daily dose \[Where
short-term oral NOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day\]. Target MOE = 100.

####  4.2.2.3 Treated Lumber 

**[Scenarios]{.underline}**

The Agency is concerned that there are potential residential
post-application exposure to children and adults exposed to DDAC treated
wood. The potential outdoor residential post-application exposure
pathways considered are outlined below:

[Children]{.underline}

• Dermal contact with DDAC-treated wood products (e.g., residential
playground equipment, utility poles, posts, decks, shingles, fencing,
lumber, piers, etc.);

• Incidental ingestion due to hand-to-mouth contact with DDAC-treated
wood products;

• Incidental ingestion of soil contaminated with DDAC;

• Dermal contact with soil contaminated with DDAC (e.g., soil
contaminated by treated decks and playground equipment); and

[Adults]{.underline}

• Dermal contact with wood from construction of decks and playground
equipment;

• Incidental ingestion with wood from construction of decks and
playground equipment.

Currently, there are no study data that can be used to estimate either
exposure to adults during construction of wood decks or to children
exposed to treated wood. Incidental ingestion exposure for adults is
expected to be negligible and dermal contact for adults is expected to
be lower than children for crawling on wood decks. Because children
exhibit a more intense play contact on surfaces and have a higher
surface area to body weight ratio, they would generally be considered to
represent the maximum exposed individual.

Available data to assess the levels of DDAC in soil contaminated with
DDAC-treated wood do not exist at this time. In addition, leaching data
were also not available. Because of this data gap, EPA was not able to
estimate dermal and incidental ingestion residential post-application
exposures to soil contaminated with DDAC-treated wood.

In this assessment, incidental ingestion and dermal exposures to
children from contact with treated wood were estimated using DDAC
exposure data from an occupational exposure study, "*Measurement and
Assessment of Dermal and Inhalation Exposures to Didecyl Dimethyl
Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) Used in the Protection of Cut Lumber (Phase
III)"* (Bestari et al., 1999, MRID 455243-04). The data were used for
the following pathways: outdoor residential dermal contact with
DDAC-treated wood products (e.g., residential playground equipment,
utility poles, posts, decks, shingles, fencing, lumber, piers, etc.);
and outdoor residential incidental ingestion due to hand-to-mouth
contact with pressure-treated wood products. The DDAC study measured
dermal and inhalation exposures for various worker functions/positions
for individuals handling DDAC-containing wood preservatives for
non-pressure treatment application methods and for individuals that
could then come into contact with the preserved wood.

***Outdoor Residential Dermal Contact with DDAC-treated Wood Products***

Potential risks resulting from children's dermal contact with
DDAC-treated wood are assessed using maximum and average worker residue
data for hands available in the DDAC study. The data in Table 4.10 were
used to approximate the residues transferred from treated wood to skin.
No other data are available (e.g., no wipe data). The data from the
following job descriptions in the DDAC study were chosen because of the
possibility of the contact with dry treated wood. The average and
maximum concentrations of these data (1.4 and 3.0 g/cm^2^) were assumed
to be the dermal skin irritation exposure. The results indicate that the
dermal MOEs are below the target MOE. However, these estimates are only
reported as a range finder to determine if a wipe study is warranted.
Based on the results the wipe study is warranted.

-   End Stacker - Operates an automated stacking system at the end of
    the conveyor. Lumber stacked into loads.

-   Stickman - Places sticks between stacks of wood manually. At some
    mills, this is done automatically by end stacker operator.

-   Tallyman - Staples information sheet on to wood. May come in contact
    with treated lumber. (Note: there were two reps available for
    tallyman)

+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Table 4.10. Hand Residue     |                                     |
| Data for DDAC for Handling of  |                                     |
| Dry Wood**                     |                                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Job Description                | > Total Hand Residue Data           |
|                                | > (μg/cm^2^)                        |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| End Stacker                    | 1.2                                 |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Stickman                       | 0.6                                 |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Tallyman                       | 0.8                                 |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Tallyman                       | 3.0                                 |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Average                        | 1.4                                 |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Dermal Skin Irritation         | 1.4 and 3.0                         |
| Exposure^a^ (μg/cm^2^)         |                                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| MOE^b^ (Target MOE =100)       | 6 average and 3 maximum             |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+

a Dermal Skin Irritation Exposure^a^ (μg/cm^2^)= 1.4 and 3.0μg/cm^2^
average and maximum hand residues, respectively

b MOE = NOAEL (μg/cm^2^) / dermal skin irritation exposure (μg/cm^2^).
Dermal NOAEL is 8 μg/cm^2^. Target MOE = 100.

*Number range CHAPTER**Outdoor Residential Hand-to-Mouth Contact with
DDAC\--treated Wood Products***

Potential risks from a child's hand-to-mouth activities are also
assessed using worker residue data for hands that are available in the
DDAC study. The most appropriate hand values to estimate potential
residues of a child playing on treated decks/playground structures are
for the "dry" strata test subjects (as defined above). These test
subjects handled the dry treated wood from the non pressure treatments.
Of the 20 test subjects measured for handling "dry" wood in the DDAC
study, 19 had detectable hand values (one value non-detect) ranging from
0.04 to 3.0 µg/cm^2^ (DDAC study page 104). The highest value (most
conservative) (3.0 µg/cm^2^) represents the "Tallyman" that wore no
gloves (DDAC study page 189).

The daily hand-to-mouth dose (mg/kg/day) is estimated using the
following equation:

*Oral Dose ~t~= [Hand~t~ x Hand SA x SEF x Frequency x CF1 x
ET]{.underline}* **(Eq. 11)**

*BW*

Where:

Hand~t~ = DDAC highest hand residue detected (i.e.,"Tallyman" working

with dry wood (μg/cm^2^)),

Hand SA = hand surface area (cm^2^/event),

SEF = saliva extraction factor (unitless),

Frequency = frequency of exposure event (events/hr),

ET = exposure time (hr/day),

CF1 = conversion factor (0.001 mg/µg), and

BW = body weight (kg).

In addition to the hand residue value from the DDAC study, the following
inputs are used in the hand-to-mouth estimate:

-   The palmar surface area of 3 fingers of a toddler, 20 cm^2^, is used
    to estimate hand-mouthing as opposed to whole hand mouthing (USEPA
    2001).

-   The rate of hand-to-mouth activity for [outdoor]{.underline} playing
    is 7 events per hour based on Freeman et. al (2001) at the 95^th^
    percentile.

-   The exposure time (ET) is 2 hours and is consistent with the
    Agency's CCA assessment for time playing outdoors. Although the 2
    hour duration represents "outdoor" time, it is used as a
    conservative estimate for playing on decks and playsets.

-   The saliva extraction factor (SEF) is 0.5 and is based on the
    assumption of 50 percent removal efficiency of residues from hands
    by human saliva (USEPA 2001).

-   The mean body weight of a child at age 3 is 15 kg.

    The results of the hand-to-mouth estimates are presented in Table
    4.11. The estimated short-term MOE for the hand-to-mouth exposure is
    above the target MOE of 100 (MOE = 360) and is not of concern.
    Because the dermal and oral endpoints represent different
    toxicological effects, an aggregate of the dermal (discussed above)
    and oral MOEs are not appropriate.

  ------------------ --------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ------------- ------------
  **Table 4.11:                                                                     
  Residential                                                                       
  Post-application                                                                  
  Incidental Oral                                                                   
  Exposures with                                                                    
  DDAC-treated Wood                                                                 
  Product**                                                                         

  Hand concentration Finger    Exposure      Saliva       Exposure    Average Daily Incidental
  from DDAC Study    surface   Frequency for Extraction   Time        Oral Dose ^a^ Oral MOE^b^
  (µg/cm2)           area      outdoor       Factor       (hrs/day)   (mg/kg/day)   (Target MOE
                     (cm^2^)   playing                                              = 100)
                               (events/hr)                                          

  3.0                20        7             0.5          2           0.028         360
  ------------------ --------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ------------- ------------

a Average Daily Oral Dose (mg/kg/day) = \[hand~t~ (3 μg/cm^2^ ) x Hand
SA (20 cm^2^) x SEF (0.5) x Frequency (7 events/hr) x Exposure Time (2
hrs/day) x 0.001 mg/μg\] / BW (15 kg)

b MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / daily dose (mg/kg/day). For oral, NOAEL is
10 mg/kg/day. Target MOE = 100.

**4.2.2.4 Swimming Pools**

There are post-application exposures associated with use of DDAC
products in swimming pools and spas. For swimming pools, only incidental
oral exposures are assessed in this document. Dermal and inhalation
exposures are expected to be negligible due to the low concentration of
DDAC in pool water and the low vapor pressure of DDAC. Because the
amount of exposure will most likely be greater for swimming pools than
for spas, swimming pool scenarios were evaluated to represent the
high-end exposures associated with use of DDAC in pools and spas.

The SWIMODEL 3.0 was developed by EPA as a screening tool to conduct
exposure assessments of pesticides found in swimming pools and spas
(Versar, 2003). The SWIMODEL uses well‑accepted screening exposure
assessment equations to calculate the total worst‑case exposure for
swimmers expressed as a mass‑based intake value (mg/event). The model
focuses on potential chemical intakes only and does not take into
account metabolism or excretion of the chemical of concern. Detailed
information and the downloadable executable file are available at
http://www.epa.gov/oppad001/swimodel.htm*.* For this assessment, the
actual model was not used, however, the same equations as provided in
the SWIMODEL User\'s Manual (version 3.0) were used in a spreadsheet
format to estimate post application incidental oral and inhalation
exposures for use of DDAC in swimming pools.

[]{.mark}

It should be noted that this exposure assessment identifies short-term
(1-30 days) and intermediate-term (1-6 months) noncancer exposure doses
based on the reported toxicology endpoints for DDAC. Because of the
shorter exposure durations of these toxicological endpoints,
conservative event-based exposure assumptions are used to calculate
upper bound daily dose estimates. The noncancer doses are not amortized
over a lifetime.

***Post-application Incidental Ingestion Exposure through Swimming Pool
Use***

The following equation was used to calculate incidental ingestion doses:

> *PDR = [C~w~ x IR x ET]{.underline}* **(Eq. 12)**
>
> *BW*

Where:

PDR = Potential dose rate (mg/kg/day);

Cw = Chemical concentration in pool water (mg/L);

IR = Ingestion rate of pool water (L/hr);

ET = Exposure time (hrs/day); and

BW = Body weight (kg).

**[Assumptions]{.underline}**

-   For short-term exposures, it was assumed that the concentration in
    water after shock treatment is 6.00 ppm (6.0 mg DDAC/L). This
    concentration is based on the application of 7.5 oz to the pool
    skimmers/lines per day (regardless of the pool volume) for two
    consecutive days to treat heavy algae contamination as per label
    10324-69. Thus the pool concentration would be 15 oz (for two days
    of treatment) per pool. EPA uses a 20,000 gallon pool volume for the
    assessment. It is likely that the DDAC concentration in water would
    decrease after the 24 to 48 hour waiting period specified in the
    label but AD does not have data to indicate the dissipation of DDAC
    in pool water.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   The ingestion rate is based on the value used in EPA's Residential
    SOPs (USEPA 2000) and an EPA pilot study as discussed in ACC's
    swimmer survey (ACC, 2002b).

-   Exposure time for non-competitive swimmers is based on the summary
    statistics from the National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS)
    (USEPA, 1996) whereas competitive swimmer exposure time data are
    based on the Agency's review of the American Chemistry Council (ACC)
    study (ACC, 2002b).

-   The assumed body weight is 60 kg for adults, 48 kg for children (age
    11-14 years), and 30 kg for children (age 7-10 years).

+---------------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Table 4.12. |        |        |       |        |       |        |
| Parameters    |        |        |       |        |       |        |
| for Swimming  |        |        |       |        |       |        |
| Ingestion     |        |        |       |        |       |        |
| Exposure and  |        |        |       |        |       |        |
| Dose          |        |        |       |        |       |        |
| Estimate**    |        |        |       |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+
| Population    | Adult  |        | Child |        | Child |        |
|               |        |        | 7-10  |        | 11-14 |        |
|               |        |        | yrs   |        | yrs   |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+
| Type of       | Compe  | Non-   | C     | Non-   | C     | Non-   |
| Swimmer       | titive | Compe  | ompet | Compe  | ompet | Compe  |
|               |        | titive | itive | titive | itive | titive |
+---------------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+
| Cw (mg/L) --  | 6.0    | 6.0    | 6.0   | 6.0    | 6.0   | 6.0    |
|               |        |        |       |        |       |        |
| Short term    |        |        |       |        |       |        |
| exposure      |        |        |       |        |       |        |
+---------------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+
| IR (L/hr)     | 0.0125 | 0.0125 | 0.05  | 0.05   | 0.025 | 0.05   |
+---------------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+
| ET(hr/day)    | 3      | 2^a^   | 1     | 3^a^   | 2     | 2.6^a^ |
+---------------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+
| BW(kg)        | 60     | 60     | 30    | 30     | 48    | 48     |
+---------------+--------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+

a 90^th^ percentile values

Short-term MOE values were calculated for ingestion of swimming pool
water and are presented in Table 4.13. The calculations for short-term
incidental ingestion of DDAC indicate no risk concern for the
non-competitive or competitive swimming pool scenarios (i.e., MOE\>100).

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table 4.13.                                            
  Short-Term Ingestion                                     
  Dose and MOE for                                         
  Residential Swimming                                     
  Post-Application**                                       
  -------------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Use Type             Scenario          Ingestion Dose    Ingestion MOE ^a^
                       Description       (mg/kg/day)       

  Swimming Pool        Adult,            0.0038            2,700
                       Competitive                         

                       Adult,            0.0025            4,000
                       Non-Competitive                     

                       Child (7-10 yrs), 0.0100            1,000
                       Competitive                         

                       Child (7-10 yrs), 0.030             330
                       Non-Competitive                     

                       Child (11-14      0.0063            1,600
                       yrs), Competitive                   

                       Child (11-14      0.0163            620
                       yrs),                               
                       Non-Competitive                     
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------

^a^MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day)/ Ingestion Dose (mg/kg/day). Short-term Oral
NOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day. Target MOE = 100

**4.2.2.5 Humidifiers**

***Inhalation Exposures for Portable Humidifiers - Adult and Child***

Inhalation exposures to DDAC used in portable humidifiers may also
occur. To determine potential inhalation risk, the Multi-Chamber
Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM v1.2) was used to provide a
screening-level estimate of potential inhalation risk to adults and
children. MCCEM estimates average and peak indoor air concentrations of
chemicals released from products or materials in houses, apartments,
townhouses, or other residences. It estimates inhalation exposures to
chemicals, calculated as single day doses, chronic average daily doses,
or lifetime average daily doses. All dose estimates calculated by MCEMM
are potential doses; they do not account for actual absorption into the
body.

**[Assumptions]{.underline}**

-   The entire house is being humidified; therefore, a single chamber
    model was run.

-   A person is exposed to the release for either 8-hours a day or
    24-hours a day.

-   The inhalation rates for the 8-hour exposure period are based on the
    sedentary activities (Number range CHAPTER0.5Number range CHAPTER
    m^3^/hr for adults and 0.4 m^3^/hr Number range CHAPTERfor
    children). The inhalation rates for the 24-hour exposure period are
    based on the chronic inhalation rates (13.3 m^3^/day for adults and
    8.3 m^3^/day for children) (USEPA 1997).

-   For the 8-hr exposure duration assessment, the MOE was calculated
    using concentrations from 0 to 8 hours after the humidifier was
    turned on. For the 24-hr exposure assessment, it was assumed that
    the humidifier had already been running for the previous day;
    therefore, the concentrations from 24 to 48 hours after the fogger
    was turned on were used.

-   Release of the product occurs at a steady state throughout the day
    (constant emission rate from one source).

-   The label indicated that 2 oz of product should be used per gallon.
    The label did not provide information on the quantity of solution
    that is released per hour. A release rate of 11 gallons/1,700
    ft^2^/24 hours was used in this assessment based on the Holmes
    Model# HM4600U.
    (http://www.holmesproducts.com/estore/product.aspx?CatalogId=3&CategoryId=1120&ProductId=582).
    It was assumed that 11 gallons of the dilute solution would be
    released into the generic MCCEM house (approximately 1,800 ft^2^
    assuming 8 ft ceilings) over a 24-hour period. Based on an
    application rate of 0.0043 lb ai/gal, approximately 0.895 g ai/hr
    would be emitted into the house.

-   It was assumed that 100% of the product is inhalable.

**[Results]{.underline}**

The resulting short- and intermediate-term inhalation exposure and MOE
for the representative post-application inhalation scenarios are
presented in Table 4.14 and 4.15. The 8-hr and the 24-hr MOEs for
children and adults are below the target MOE of 100.

+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| **Table**    |            |            |                            |
| **4.14.      |            |            |                            |
| Short- and   |            |            |                            |
| Inter        |            |            |                            |
| mediate-term |            |            |                            |
| Post         |            |            |                            |
| -application |            |            |                            |
| Exposures    |            |            |                            |
| and MOEs for |            |            |                            |
| Adults and   |            |            |                            |
| Children in  |            |            |                            |
| Houses Being |            |            |                            |
| Humidified   |            |            |                            |
| (8-hr        |            |            |                            |
| Exposure     |            |            |                            |
| Duration)**  |            |            |                            |
+==============+============+============+============================+
| Parameter    | Value      |            | Rationale                  |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
|              | Adult      | Child      |                            |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| House**^a^** | Generic    |            | A portable humidifier that |
|              | House      |            | humidifies the entire      |
|              | (          |            | house                      |
|              | 1-chamber) |            |                            |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Activity     | Average    |            | EPA Assumption             |
| Schedule     | con        |            |                            |
|              | centration |            |                            |
|              | starting   |            |                            |
|              | at 0 hour  |            |                            |
|              | through 8  |            |                            |
|              | hours      |            |                            |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Air Exchange | 0.18/hr    |            | MCCEM default              |
| Rate         |            |            |                            |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Application  | 0.0043 lb  |            | Chemical specific product  |
| Rate         | ai/gal     |            | label                      |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Quantity     | 11         |            | Holmes Model# HM4600-U     |
| Dilute Used  | gallons/24 |            |                            |
|              | hours      |            |                            |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Emission     | 0.895 gram |            | Application rate (lb       |
| Rate^a^      | ai/hr      |            | ai/gal) \* Use amount      |
|              |            |            | (gal/hr) \* CF (g/lb)      |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Body         | 60 kg      | 15 kg      | Average body weights for   |
| Weight^a^    |            |            | adults and young children  |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Inhalation   | 12         | 9.6        | Sedentary rate for adults  |
| Rate^a^      | m^3^/day   | m^3^/day   | and young children (USEPA, |
|              |            |            | 1997)                      |
|              | (0.5       | (0.4       |                            |
|              | m^3^/hr)   | m^3^/hr)   |                            |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| MCCEM        |            |            |                            |
| Outputs      |            |            |                            |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Average      | 5.59       | 5.59       | Average of                 |
| C            |            |            | MCCEM-calculated air       |
| oncentration |            |            | concentrations from 0 to 8 |
| over 8-hrs   |            |            | hrs                        |
| (mg/m^3^)    |            |            |                            |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Dose         | 0.373      | 1.19       | Average Conc. \* 8 hrs \*  |
| (mg/kg/day)  |            |            | Inhal. Rate / BW           |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+
| Inhalation   | **27**     | **8**      | NOAEL (10 mg/kg/day) /     |
| short- and   |            |            | Dose                       |
| inter        |            |            |                            |
| mediate-term |            |            |                            |
| MOE^b^       |            |            |                            |
+--------------+------------+------------+----------------------------+

a Used as MCCEM input. Default values from MCCEM were used for all
inputs not listed in the table above.

b MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / daily dose (mg/kg/day) \[Where short-,
intermediate-term inhalation NOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day\]. Target MOE = 100.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table** **4.15.                                 
  Short- and                                        
  Intermediate-term                                 
  Post-application                                  
  Exposures and MOEs                                
  for Adults and                                    
  Children in Houses                                
  Being Humidified                                  
  (24-hr Exposure                                   
  Duration)**                                       
  ------------------- --------------- ------------- ----------------------------
  Parameter           Value                         Rationale

                      Adult           Child         

  House**^a^**        Generic House                 A portable humidifier that
                      (1-chamber)                   humidifies the entire house

  Activity Schedule   Average                       EPA Assumption
                      concentration                 
                      starting at 24                
                      hour through 48               
                      hours                         

  Air Exchange Rate   0.18/hr                       MCCEM default

  Application Rate    0.0043 lb                     Chemical specific product
                      ai/gal                        label

  Quantity Dilute     11 gallons/24                 Holmes Portable Humidifier
  Used                hours                         Model# HM1285

  Emission Rate^a^    0.895 gram                    Application rate (lb ai/gal)
                      ai/hr                         \* Use amount (gal/hr) \* CF
                                                    (g/lb)

  Body Weight^a^      60 kg           15 kg         Average body weights for
                                                    adults and young children

  Inhalation Rate^a^  13.3 m^3^/day   8.3 m^3^/day  Chronic rate for adults and
                                                    young children (USEPA, 1997)

  MCCEM Outputs                                     

  Average             12.2            12.2          Average of MCCEM-calculated
  Concentration over                                air concentrations from 24
  24 hrs (mg/m^3^)                                  to 48 hrs

  Dose (mg/kg/day)    0.90            2.24          Average Conc. \* 24 hrs \*
                                                    Inhal. Rate / BW

  Inhalation short-,  **11**          **5**         NOAEL (10 mg/kg/day) / Dose
  intermediate-term                                 
  MOE^b^                                            
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a Used as MCCEM input. Default values from MCCEM were used for all
inputs not listed in the table above.

b MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / potential daily dose (mg/kg/day) \[Where
short-, intermediate-term inhalation NOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day\]. Target MOE
= 100.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435620 .anchor}**4.2.3 Data
Limitations/Uncertainties**

There are several data limitations and uncertainties associated with the
residential handler and post-application exposure assessments. These
include the following:

-   Surrogate dermal and inhalation unit exposure values were taken from
    the proprietary Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
    antimicrobial exposure study (USEPA, 1999: DP Barcode D247642) or
    from the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (USEPA, 1998) (See
    Appendix B for summaries of these data sources). Most of the CMA
    data are of poor quality, therefore, AD requests that confirmatory
    monitoring data be generated to support the values used in these
    assessments.

-   The quantities handled/treated were estimated based on information
    from various sources, including HED's Standard Operating Procedures
    (SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessments (USEPA 2000 and 2001).
    In certain cases, no standard values were available for some
    scenarios. Assumptions for these scenarios were based on AD
    estimates and could be further refined from input from registrants.

-   Some labels for products which can be used by homeowners in
    residential settings, as well as by workers in occupational
    settings, indicate that low pressure sprayers can be used for
    application of the disinfectant to hard, non-porous surfaces such as
    floors and walls. A residential low pressure spray scenario was not
    assessed for the residential scenario because it is not a typical
    cleaning method for homeowners.

-   At this time, the Agency does not have exposure data to assess oral
    exposures to children and adults from using treated mouthpieces and
    reeds; therefore, the Agency is requesting Number range
    CHAPTERresidue data from treated mouthpieces and reeds.

-   In this assessment, incidental ingestion and dermal exposures to
    treated wood were estimated using DDAC data from the occupational
    exposure study. The degree of uncertainty (under- or overestimation)
    associated with using the DDAC hand residue data for dermal and oral
    exposure from contacting treated lumber are unknown. The amount of
    residue measured on the test subjects hands is variable and are
    influenced by the duration of exposure, how often wood is contacted,
    and the degree of contact (i.e., do the hand residues from the DDAC
    study mimic a child's play activity on decks and playsets?).

-   Available data to assess the levels of DDAC in soil contaminated
    with DDAC-treated wood do not exist at this time. In addition,
    leaching data were also not available. Because of this data gap, EPA
    was not able to estimate dermal and incidental ingestion residential
    post-application exposures to soil contaminated with DDAC-treated
    wood.

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc125435621 .anchor}**5.0 RESIDENTIAL AGGREGATE
    RISK ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION -- To be determined in the risk
    assessment.**

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc125435622 .anchor}**6.0 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
    ASSESSMENT**

The exposure scenarios assessed in this document for the representative
uses selected by AD are shown in Table 6.1. The table also shows the
maximum application rate associated with the representative use and the
appropriate EPA Registration number for the product label. It should be
noted that for the calculation of application rates in which 8.34 lb
a.i./gal is noted, the product is assumed to have the density of water
because no product-specific density is available. Appendix A presents a
summary of all exposure scenarios that may occur in occupational
settings based on examination of product labels*.*

Potential occupational handler exposure can occur in various use sites,
which include: agricultural premises, industrial processes and water
systems, food handling premises, commercial/institutional/industrial
premises, medical premises, swimming pools, and aquatic areas.
Additionally, occupational exposure can occur during the preservation of
wood. For the preservation of wood, the procedure for treatment can
occur in different ways, such that multiple worker functions were
analyzed. Due to the complexity of the wood preservative analysis, the
results for handler and post-application exposures are presented
separately in Section 6.3.

+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| **Table     |             |            |          |                  |
| 6.1.        |             |            |          |                  |
| Rep         |             |            |          |                  |
| resentative |             |            |          |                  |
| Exposure    |             |            |          |                  |
| Scenarios   |             |            |          |                  |
| Associated  |             |            |          |                  |
| with        |             |            |          |                  |
| O           |             |            |          |                  |
| ccupational |             |            |          |                  |
| Exposures   |             |            |          |                  |
| to DDAC**   |             |            |          |                  |
+=============+=============+============+==========+==================+
| Rep         | Method of   | Exposure   | Regi     | Application Rate |
| resentative | Application | Scenario   | stration |                  |
| Use         |             |            | \#       |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| **A         |             |            |          |                  |
| gricultural |             |            |          |                  |
| Premises    |             |            |          |                  |
| (Use        |             |            |          |                  |
| Category    |             |            |          |                  |
| I)**        |             |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| General     | -   Low     | ST/IT      | 10324-81 | 0.0094 lb ai/gal |
| D           |             | Handler:   |          |                  |
| isinfectant |    pressure | Inhalation |          | (4.5% a.i. x 3.2 |
| for Hard    |             |            |          | fl. oz/gal water |
| Surfaces,   |    handwand |            |          | x 1 gal/128 fl.  |
| Equipment,  |             |            |          | oz x 8.34 lb/gal |
| Vehicles    | -   High    |            |          | Florist use)     |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |    Pressure |            |          | Deodorize        |
|             |     Spray   |            |          | garbage cans     |
|             |             |            |          | 4.25 oz/gal or   |
|             | -   Wiping  |            |          | 0.013 lb ai/gal  |
|             |     surface |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | Typical rate     |
|             | -   Trigger |            |          | 0.78 oz/gal or   |
|             |     pump    |            |          | 0.0023 lb ai/gal |
|             |     spray   |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -   Mopping |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Fogger      | -   Liquid  | ST/IT      | 10324-81 | 0.22 lb ai/gal   |
|             |     pour    | Handler    |          |                  |
|             |             | (mix/load  |          | (4.5% a.i. x     |
|             |             | only):     |          | 74.8 fl. oz/gal  |
|             |             | Inhalation |          | water x 1        |
|             |             |            |          | gal/128 fl. oz x |
|             |             | ST         |          | 8.34 lb/gal)     |
|             |             | Post-ap    |          |                  |
|             |             | plication: |          |                  |
|             |             | inhalation |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| **Food      |             |            |          |                  |
| Handling    |             |            |          |                  |
| (Use        |             |            |          |                  |
| Category    |             |            |          |                  |
| II)**       |             |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Indoor Hard | -   Low     | ST/IT      | 1        | 0.0200 lb        |
| Surfaces    |             | Handler:   | 0324-134 | a.i./gal         |
| (including  |    pressure | inhalation |          |                  |
| dishes,     |             |            |          | (2 oz            |
| utensils,   |    handwand |            |          | product/gal      |
| equipment)  |             |            |          | water x 15.36%   |
|             | ```{=html}  |            |          | a.i. x 8.34      |
|             | <!-- -->    |            |          | lb/gal x 1       |
|             | ```         |            |          | gal/128 oz)      |
|             | -   Mop     |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -   Wipe    |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -   Trigger |            |          |                  |
|             |     pump    |            |          |                  |
|             |     sprayer |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
|             | -   Flood   | ST/IT      | 1839-173 | 0.00196 lb       |
|             |             | Handler:   |          | ai/gal           |
|             | -           | inhalation |          |                  |
|             |   Immersion |            |          | (4.5% a.i. x     |
|             |             |            |          | 0.78 oz product/ |
|             | -           |            |          | gal water x 8.34 |
|             | Circulation |            |          | lb/gal x         |
|             |             |            |          | 1gal/128oz)      |
|             | > (Liquid   |            |          |                  |
|             | > pour)     |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Fogger      | -   Liquid  | ST         | 10324-80 | 0.0065 lb ai/gal |
|             |     pour    | Post-ap    |          |                  |
|             |             | plication: |          | (3.3% ai x 8.34  |
|             |             |            |          | lb ai/gal x 3    |
|             |             | Inhalation |          | oz/gal x 1       |
|             |             |            |          | gal/128 oz)      |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| **Co        |             |            |          |                  |
| mmercial/In |             |            |          |                  |
| dustrial/In |             |            |          |                  |
| stitutional |             |            |          |                  |
| Premises    |             |            |          |                  |
| (Use        |             |            |          |                  |
| Category    |             |            |          |                  |
| III)**      |             |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Indoor Hard | -   Low     | ST/IT      | 1        | 0.0200 lb        |
| Surfaces    |             | Handler:   | 0324-134 | a.i./gal         |
|             |    pressure | inhalation |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | (2 oz            |
|             |    handwand |            |          | product/gal      |
|             |             |            |          | water x 15.36%   |
|             | ```{=html}  |            |          | a.i. x 8.34      |
|             | <!-- -->    |            |          | lb/gal x 1       |
|             | ```         |            |          | gal/128 oz)      |
|             | -   Mop     |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -   Wipe    |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -   Trigger |            |          |                  |
|             |     pump    |            |          |                  |
|             |     sprayer |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
|             | -   Liquid  | ST/IT      | 10324-80 | 0.0043 lb        |
|             |     pour    | Handler:   |          | a.i./gal         |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |             | inhalation |          | (2 oz /gal water |
|             |             |            |          | x 3.3% a.i. x    |
|             |             |            |          | 8.34 lb/gal x 1  |
|             |             |            |          | gal/128 oz)      |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Carpets     | -   Truck   | ST/IT      | 1839-67  | 0.102 lb ai/gal  |
|             |     mounted | Handler:   |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | (13.02% a.i. x12 |
|             |  extraction | Inhalation |          | oz product/gal   |
|             |             |            |          | water x 8.34     |
|             |    machines |            |          | lb/gal x         |
|             |             |            |          | 1gal/128oz)      |
|             | > (Liquid   |            |          |                  |
|             | > pour)     |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| **Medical   |             |            |          |                  |
| Premises    |             |            |          |                  |
| (Use        |             |            |          |                  |
| Category    |             |            |          |                  |
| V)**        |             |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Indoor Hard | -   Mop     | ST/IT      | 1        | 0.0200 lb        |
| Surfaces    |             | Handler:   | 0324-134 | a.i./gal         |
|             |             | inhalation |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | (2 oz            |
|             |             |            |          | product/gal      |
|             |             |            |          | water x 15.36%   |
|             |             |            |          | a.i. x 8.34      |
|             |             |            |          | lb/gal x 1       |
|             |             |            |          | gal/128 oz)      |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | []{.mark}        |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| **Number    |             |            |          |                  |
| range       |             |            |          |                  |
| CHAPTE      |             |            |          |                  |
| RIndustrial |             |            |          |                  |
| processes   |             |            |          |                  |
| and water   |             |            |          |                  |
| systems     |             |            |          |                  |
| (Use        |             |            |          |                  |
| Category    |             |            |          |                  |
| VIII)**     |             |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Oil field   | -   Liquid  | ST/IT      | 1839-179 | 1.50 lb ai/gal   |
| o           |     Pour    | Handler:   |          | product          |
| perations - |             | Inhalation |          |                  |
| drilling    |             |            |          | (18% a.i. x 8.34 |
| mud and     |             |            |          | lb/gal product)  |
| packing     |             |            |          |                  |
| fluids^a^   |             |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Small       | -   Liquid  | ST/IT      | 1839-129 | 4.17 lb ai/gal   |
| process     |     Pour    | Handler:   |          | product          |
| water       |             | Inhalation |          |                  |
| systems     |             |            |          | (50% ai x 8.34   |
| (i.e.,      |             |            |          | lb ai/gal)       |
| evaporative |             |            |          |                  |
| condensers, |             |            |          |                  |
| water       |             |            |          |                  |
| scrubbing,  |             |            |          |                  |
| wastewater  |             |            |          |                  |
| treatment,  |             |            |          |                  |
| pa          |             |            |          |                  |
| steurizers, |             |            |          |                  |
| auxiliary   |             |            |          |                  |
| service     |             |            |          |                  |
| water,      |             |            |          |                  |
| re          |             |            |          |                  |
| circulating |             |            |          |                  |
| cooling     |             |            |          |                  |
| water)      |             |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
|             | -   Metered | ST/IT      | 10707-46 | [Maxi            |
|             |     pump    | Handler:   |          | mum]{.underline} |
|             |             | Inhalation |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | 0.0015 lb ai/gal |
|             |             |            |          | or 1,000 ppm     |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | (18%ai x 8.34 lb |
|             |             |            |          | ai/gal x 1,000   |
|             |             |            |          | gal/1,000,000    |
|             |             |            |          | gal)             |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | [Maintena        |
|             |             |            |          | nce]{.underline} |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | 0.00015 lb       |
|             |             |            |          | ai/gal or 100    |
|             |             |            |          | ppm              |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | (18%ai x 8.34 lb |
|             |             |            |          | ai/gal x 100     |
|             |             |            |          | gal/1,000,000    |
|             |             |            |          | gal)             |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| **Wood      |             |            |          |                  |
| P           |             |            |          |                  |
| reservation |             |            |          |                  |
| (Use        |             |            |          |                  |
| Category    |             |            |          |                  |
| X)**        |             |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| N           | [Handler    | ST/IT/LT   | 6836-212 | [Diptank         |
| on-pressure | Worker      | Handler:   |          | operators and    |
| treatment   | Functions]{ | inhalation |          | blender/spray    |
| of wood and | .underline} |            |          | operato          |
| wood        |             | ST/IT/LT   |          | rs:]{.underline} |
| products in | -   Diptank | Post-ap    |          |                  |
| wood        |             | plication: |          | 3% ai solution   |
| treatment   |   Operators | dermal and |          |                  |
| facilities  |             | inhalation |          | [All other       |
|             | -   Bl      |            |          | worker           |
|             | ender/spray |            |          | functio          |
|             |             |            |          | ns:]{.underline} |
|             |   operators |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | 80% ai in        |
|             | -           |            |          | product          |
|             |    Chemical |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |   operators |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | [Post-      |            |          |                  |
|             | Application |            |          |                  |
|             | Worker      |            |          |                  |
|             | Functions]{ |            |          |                  |
|             | .underline} |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -   Graders |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -   Trim    |            |          |                  |
|             |     saw     |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |   operators |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -           |            |          |                  |
|             |    Clean-up |            |          |                  |
|             |     crews   |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -   C       |            |          |                  |
|             | onstruction |            |          |                  |
|             |     Workers |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Pressure    | [Handler    | ST/IT/LT   | 6836-212 | 3% ai^b^         |
| treatment   | Worker      | Handler:   |          |                  |
| of wood and | Functions]{ | inhalation |          |                  |
| wood        | .underline} |            |          |                  |
| products in |             | ST/IT/LT   |          |                  |
| wood        | -           | Post-ap    |          |                  |
| treatment   |   Treatment | plication: |          |                  |
| facilities  |             | dermal     |          |                  |
|             |   assistant | inhalation |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -           |            |          |                  |
|             |   Treatment |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |    operator |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | [Post-      |            |          |                  |
|             | Application |            |          |                  |
|             | Worker      |            |          |                  |
|             | Functions]{ |            |          |                  |
|             | .underline} |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | -   Tram    |            |          |                  |
|             |     setter, |            |          |                  |
|             |     stacker |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |   operator, |            |          |                  |
|             |     loader  |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |   operator, |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             | supervisor, |            |          |                  |
|             |     test    |            |          |                  |
|             |     borer,  |            |          |                  |
|             |     and     |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |    tallyman |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| **Swimming  |             |            |          |                  |
| Pools (Use  |             |            |          |                  |
| Category    |             |            |          |                  |
| XI)^c^**    |             |            |          |                  |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+
| Swimming    | -   Liquid  | ST/IT      | 10324-69 | Maintenance      |
| pools/Spas  |     pour    | Handler:   |          | (IT/LT):         |
|             |             |            | 1839-133 |                  |
|             |             | inhalation |          | 0.00000417 lb    |
|             |             |            |          | ai/gal           |
|             |             | []{.mark}  |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | (10.0% x 1       |
|             |             |            |          | quart/50,000 gal |
|             |             |            |          | x 8.34 lb/gal x  |
|             |             |            |          | 1 gal/4 quarts)  |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | Heavy algae      |
|             |             |            |          | (ST):            |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | 0.000017 lb      |
|             |             |            |          | ai/gal           |
|             |             |            |          |                  |
|             |             |            |          | (50.0% x 5.25    |
|             |             |            |          | oz/10,000 gal x  |
|             |             |            |          | 8.34 lb/gal x 1  |
|             |             |            |          | gal/128 oz)      |
+-------------+-------------+------------+----------+------------------+

a Number range CHAPTERFor the secondary recovery application, the
biocide is meter pumped into the produced water before it is re-injected
into the formation or well. Since the biocide is added via metering pump
(continuous or batch) in the secondary recovery systems, the drilling
rig worker handling the biocide via open pouring is expected to have a
higher exposure than the secondary recovery worker. Additionally, the
current CMA data are not representative of handling the large volume
assumed in this scenario.

b The application rate for pressure treated wood preservation is based
on the master label. The actual label only provides a retention rate.

c The swimming pool scenario also represents the decorative
pond/fountain scenario in the aquatic area use site category because the
application rates are very similar.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435623 .anchor}**6.1 Occupational Handler
Exposures**

The occupational handler scenarios included in Table 6.1 were assessed
to determine inhalation exposures. The general assumptions and equations
that were used to calculate occupational handler inhalation risks are
provided in Section 1.2, Criteria for Conducting the Risk Assessment.
The majority of the scenarios were assessed using CMA data and Equations
1-3. However, for the occupational scenarios in which CMA data were
insufficient, other data and methods were applied.

DDAC dermal irritation exposures and risks were not estimated for
occupational handler exposures. Instead, dermal irritation exposures and
risks will be mitigated using default personal protective equipment
requirements based on the toxicity of the end-use product. To minimize
dermal exposures, the minimum PPE required for mixers, loaders, and
others exposed to end-use products containing concentrations of DDAC
that result in classification of category I, II, or III for skin
irritation potential will be long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes,
socks, chemical-resistant gloves, and chemical-resistant apron. Once
diluted, if the concentration of DDAC in the diluted solution would
result in classification of toxicity category IV for skin irritation
potential, then the chemical-resistant gloves and chemical-resistant
apron can be eliminated for applicators and others exposed to the
dilute. Note that chemical-resistant eyewear will be required if the
end-use product is classified as category I or II for eye irritation
potential.

**Unit Exposure Values (UE):** Inhalation unit exposure values were
taken from the proprietary Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
antimicrobial exposure study (USEPA 1999: DP Barcode D247642) or from
the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (USEPA 1998).

-   For the ***liquid pour*** scenarios, the unit exposure depends on
    the material being treated. The following CMA unit exposures were
    available and used for the assessment of the risk associated with
    the treatment of the specified materials.

    -   *Swimming pools, carpets, and oilfield operations (drilling muds
        and packer fluids):* CMA preservative data (gloved). The
        inhalation unit exposure is 0.00346 mg/lb a.i. and is based on 2
        replicates. Number range CHAPTERAlthough this unit exposure is
        based on minimal replicates, the exposure value is similar to
        the one found in PHED for a similar scenarios.

    -   *Indoor hard surfaces (immersion, flooding, circulation and
        liquid pour) in Use Site Categories II and III*: The inhalation
        unit exposure value for disinfectant liquid pour (1.89 mg/lb
        a.i.) was used.

    -   *Small process water systems:* CMA cooling tower data (gloved).
        The inhalation unit exposure is 0.450 mg/lb a.i. and is based on
        5 replicates.

-   For the ***mopping*** scenarios, the CMA inhalation unit exposure
    value for ungloved mopping was used (2.38 mg/lb a.i.). This value is
    based on data collected from six replicates in which the applicator
    mopped the floor and received exposure via contact with the mop or
    with the bucket.

-   For the ***wiping*** scenarios, the CMA inhalation unit exposure
    value for ungloved wiping was used (67.3 mg/lb a.i.). This value is
    based on data collected from six replicates (dental technicians) who
    used a finger pump sprayer to apply the product and then wiped the
    surfaces with a paper towel

-   For the ***low pressure handwand*** scenario, the CMA inhalation
    unit exposure value for low pressure spray was used (0.681 mg/lb
    a.i.). This value is based on data collected from eight replicates
    in which the applicator hand sprayed carpet using 200 psi, then used
    a push broom rake to raise the carpet nap

-   For the ***trigger pump spray*** scenarios, the PHED inhalation unit
    exposure value for aerosol applications (PHED scenario 10) was used.
    The inhalation unit exposure is 1.3 mg/lb a.i.

-   For the ***liquid/metering pump*** scenarios, the unit exposure
    depends on the material being treated. The following CMA unit
    exposures were available and used for the assessment of the risk
    associated with the treatment of the specified materials.

    -   *Small process water systems:* CMA cooling tower data. The
        inhalation unit exposure is 0.00432 mg/lb a.i. and is based on 4
        replicates.

-   For the ***high-pressure/high volume spray*** and ***medium pressure
    spray*** scenarios, the PHED inhalation unit exposure value for
    liquid/open pour/high pressure spray (PHED scenario 35) was used
    (0.12 mg/lb a.i.).

-   For ***airless sprayer*** scenarios, the occupational PHED
    inhalation unit exposure value for airless sprayer application (PHED
    scenario 23) was used. The inhalation exposure value is 0.83 mg/lb
    a.i.

-   For the ***fogging, ULV/mist sprayer and automated system***
    scenarios, it was assumed that most of the exposure to the handler
    will be due to preparing the fogger, and that the handler leaves the
    room immediately after fogging commences. Therefore, the available
    CMA disinfectant liquid pour inhalation unit exposure value was
    used. The inhalation unit exposure value is 1.89 mg/lb a.i.,
    respectively. This value is based on data collected from two gloved
    replicates involving pouring a disinfectant product from a jug into
    sterilization trays designed for dental instruments, adding water
    and instruments to the tray, removing the instruments, and
    discarding the old solution.

-   For the ***brush/roller*** scenario, the occupational PHED
    inhalation unit exposure value for paintbrush applications was used
    (single layer of clothing). The inhalation exposure value is 0.28
    mg/lb a.i.

**Quantity handled/treated**: The quantity handled/treated values were
estimated based on information from various sources. The following
assumptions were made:

-   For the ***liquid pour*** scenarios, the quantity of the chemical
    that is handled depends on the material that is being treated. The
    following values were used for the different materials:

    -   *Swimming pools:* 200,000 gallons.

    -   *Indoor hard surfaces (immersion, flooding, circulation, and
        liquid pour):* 2 gallons.

    -   *Carpets:* 32 gallons, based on label 1839-81 (solution is
        metered at 4 gallons per hour, assuming an 8-hour shift).

    -   *Oil field operations (drilling muds and packer fluids):* Number
        range CHAPTERThe following use information was used to estimate
        the amount of ai handled per day during oil-well activities.
        Biocide is typically added directly to drilling rig mud tanks
        via open pouring. Over a 3 to 6 week period, while a 13,000 ft
        well is being drilled, 1 to 2 drums (1 drum = 42 gallons) of
        biocide may be used if microbiological problems are encountered.
        Therefore, the short-term exposure assessment used 5.6 gallons
        for the amount of biocide handled per day by the drilling rig
        worker \[i.e., (2 drums x 42 gal/drum) / (5 days/week x 3 weeks)
        = 5.6 gal/day\]. The intermediate-term exposure assessment used
        2.8 gallons for the amount of biocide handled per day by the
        drilling rig worker \[i.e., (2 drums x 42 gal/drum) / (5
        days/week x 6 weeks) = 2.8 gal/day\]. Number range
        CHAPTERAlthough crew changes may occur in drilling rig
        operations, typically a designated customer representative is
        responsible for the biocide feeding. Therefore, one person would
        be involved with the biocide application activities on a daily
        basis.

    -   *Small process water systems:* Number range CHAPTER Workers in
        small systems could manually pour up to 5 to 10 gallons of
        biocide into the system, but larger systems would utilize
        chemical pumps in order to save time and labor expense. However,
        for DDAC the application rate is low (16 oz product/1000 gallons
        of water), and therefore, the maximum amount used for closed
        systems is assumed for open pour. Therefore, AD assumed that
        workers handle 2.5 gallons of biocide per day when making open
        pour applications.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   For the ***liquid/metering pump*** scenarios the quantity that is
    handled depends on the material that is being treated. The following
    values were used for the different materials:

    -   *Small process water systems:* Number range CHAPTERAD has
        assumed that 20,000 gallons of water are treated daily when
        chemical pump applications are made.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   For the ***mopping*** scenarios*,* it was assumed that two gallons
    of solution are used in the agricultural, food handling, and
    commercial/institutional/industrial settings and 45 gallons are used
    in the medical setting. The medical setting use amount is based on a
    janitor cleans approximately 28 hospital rooms a day and changing
    the cleaning water every three rooms (Helwig 2003).

-   For the ***wiping*** and ***trigger pump spray*** scenarios, it was
    assumed that 1 liter or 0.26 gallons were used.

-   For the ***fogging*** scenario in the ***agricultural use site
    category***, it was assumed that 150,000 ft^3^ is treated, based on
    the estimated dimensions of a poultry barn (300 ft x 50 ft x 10 ft).
    As the label directions only state to fog for one minute on maximum
    output per 4,000 ft^3^ and does not provide the amount of treatment
    solution to use per cubic foot, AD assumed that the maximum fogger
    output is 0.42 gallons/min (25 gal/hr). This value is the maximum
    output for the Mistermax fogger which is used to dispense
    fungicides, insecticides, germicides and disinfectants as wettable
    powders, emulsifiable concentrates, flowables or liquids in a
    variety of applications such as greenhouses, warehouses, food
    processing plants, and swine/poultry houses
    (http://bugsource.com/mistermax.html).

-   For the ***low-pressure handwand*** scenario, it was assumed that 40
    gallons of solution are used in agricultural scenarios (USEPA 2001)
    and 2 gallons are used in all other applications.

-   For the ***high-pressure spray*** scenario*,* it was assumed that 40
    gallons of solution are used.

**Duration of Exposure**: The MOEs were calculated for the short- and
intermediate-term durations for occupational handlers using the
appropriate endpoints in Table 3.2.

**[Exposure Calculations and Results]{.underline}**

The resulting inhalation exposures and MOEs for the representative
occupational handler scenarios are presented in Table 6.2. The
calculated MOEs were above the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios.

A confirmatory inhalation toxicity study may be warranted because
inhalation MOEs were below 1,000 for the following scenarios:

> []{.mark}

-   Small process water systems, liquid pour: ST/IT Inhalation MOE =
    **130**

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   Agricultural fogging, mixing and loading: ST/IT Inhalation MOE =
    **110**

-   Medical premises, mopping: ST/IT Inhalation MOE = **280**

-   Wood Preservation (non-pressure treatment), blender/sprayer:
    ST/IT/LT Inhalation MOE = **280**

+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Table 6.2  |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Short- ,     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| I            |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| ntermediate- |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| and          |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Long-Term    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Inhalation   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Risks        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Associated   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| with         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Occupational |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Handlers**   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+==============+===========+=====+========+========+=======+========+
| Exposure     | Method of | I   | Appli  | Qu     | Inhal | Inha   |
| Scenario     | Ap        | nha | cation | antity | ation | lation |
|              | plication | lat | Rate   | Ha     | Daily |        |
|              |           | ion |        | ndled/ | Dose  | MOE^   |
|              |           | U   |        | T      | (mg/  | b,\ c^ |
|              |           | nit |        | reated | kg/da |        |
|              |           | Ex  |        | per    | y)^a^ | (      |
|              |           | pos |        | day    |       | Target |
|              |           | ure |        |        |       | MOE =  |
|              |           |     |        |        |       | 100)   |
|              |           | (mg |        |        |       |        |
|              |           | /lb |        |        |       |        |
|              |           | a.  |        |        |       |        |
|              |           | i.) |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **           |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Agricultural |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Premises and |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Equipment    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| (Use Site    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| I)**         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Mop       | 2   | 0.0094 | 2      | 0     | 13,000 |
| to hard      |           | .38 | lb     | g      | .0075 |        |
| surfaces,    |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| equipment,   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| and vehicles |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | High      | 0   | 0.0094 | 40     | 0.    | 13,000 |
|              | pres      | .12 | lb     | g      | 00075 |        |
|              | sure/high |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
|              | volume    |     |        |        |       |        |
|              | spray     |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Low       | 0.  | 0.0094 | 40     | 0     | 2,300  |
|              | pressure  | 681 | lb     | g      | .0043 |        |
|              | handwand  |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Trigger   | 1.3 | 0.0094 | 0.26   | 0.0   | 1      |
|              | pump      |     | lb     | g      | 00052 | 90,000 |
|              | sprayer   |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Wipe      | 6   | 0.0094 | 0.26   | 0     | 3,600  |
|              |           | 7.3 | lb     | g      | .0027 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Fogging      | Liquid    | 1   | 1.     | 1      | 0.089 | 110    |
| (mix/load    | pour      | .89 | 88E-05 | 50,000 |       |        |
| only)        |           |     | lb     | ft^3^  |       |        |
|              |           |     | /ft^3^ |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Number     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| range        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| CHAPTERFood  |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Hand         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| ling/Storage |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Es           |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| tablishments |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Premises And |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Equipment    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| (Use Site    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| II)**        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Low       | 0.  | 0.0200 | 2      | 0.    | 22,000 |
| to indoor    | pressure  | 681 | lb     | g      | 00045 |        |
| hard         | handwand  |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| surfaces     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Mop       | 2   | 0.0200 | 2      | 0     | 6,300  |
|              |           | .38 | lb     | g      | .0016 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Wipe      | 6   | 0.0200 | 0.26   | 0     | 1,700  |
|              |           | 7.3 | lb     | g      | .0058 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Trigger   | 1.3 | 0.0200 | 0.26   | 0.    | 89,000 |
|              | pump      |     | lb     | g      | 00011 |        |
|              | sprayer   |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | I         | 1   | 0      | 2      | 0.    | 81,000 |
|              | mmersion, | .89 | .00196 | g      | 00012 |        |
|              | Flooding, |     | lb     | allons |       |        |
|              | Ci        |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
|              | rculation |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Number     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| range        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| CHAPTE       |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| RCommercial, |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| I            |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| nstitutional |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| and          |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Industrial   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Premises and |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Equipment    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| (Use Site    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category III |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| )**          |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Low       | 0.  | 0.0200 | 2      | 0.    | 22,000 |
| to indoor    | pressure  | 681 | lb     | g      | 00045 |        |
| hard         | handwand  |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| surfaces     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Mop       | 2   | 0.0200 | 2      | 0     | 6,300  |
|              |           | .38 | lb     | g      | .0016 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Wipe      | 6   | 0.0200 | 0.26   | 0     | 1,700  |
|              |           | 7.3 | lb     | g      | .0058 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Trigger   | 1.3 | 0.0200 | 0.26   | 0.    | 89,000 |
|              | pump      |     | lb     | g      | 00011 |        |
|              | sprayer   |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Liquid    | 1   | 0.0043 | 2      | 0.    | 37,000 |
|              | pour      | .89 | lb     | g      | 00027 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Liquid    | 0   | 0.102  | 32     | 0.    | 53,000 |
| to carpets   | pour      | .00 | lb     | g      | 00019 |        |
|              |           | 346 | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Medical    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Premises and |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Equipment    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| (Use Site    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| V)**         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Mop       | 2   | 0.0200 | 45     | 0.036 | 280    |
| to hard      |           | .38 | lb     | g      |       |        |
| surfaces     |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Industrial |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Processes    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| and Water    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Systems (Use |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Site         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| VIII)**      |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Small        | Liquid    | 0   | 4.17   | 2.5    | 0.078 | 130    |
| process      | pour      | .45 | lb     | g      |       |        |
| water        |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| systems:     |           |     | p      |        |       |        |
| R            |           |     | roduct |        |       |        |
| ecirculating |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| cooling      |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| tower        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Metering  | 0   | I      | 20,000 | 0     | ST =   |
|              | pump      | .00 | nitial | g      | .0022 | 4,600  |
|              |           | 432 | Dose   | allons |       |        |
|              |           |     | (ST):  |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 1.50   |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | E-03lb |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | water  |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              |           |     | Maint  | 20,000 | 0.    | IT     |
|              |           |     | enance | g      | 00022 | =      |
|              |           |     | Dose   | allons |       | 46,000 |
|              |           |     | (IT):  |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 1.50   |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | E-04lb |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | water  |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Oil field    | Liquid    | 0   | 1.50   | 5.6    | 0.    | ST =   |
| operations - | pour      | .00 | lb     | g      | 00048 | 21,000 |
| drilling mud |           | 346 | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| and packing  |           |     | p      |        |       |        |
| fluids       |           |     | roduct |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              |           |     |        | 2.8    | 0.    | IT =   |
|              |           |     |        | g      | 00024 | 41,000 |
|              |           |     |        | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Swimming   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Pools (Use   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Site         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| X)^d^**      |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Liquid    | 0   | Heavy  | 2      | 0.    | ST=    |
| to swimming  | pour      | .00 | algae  | 00,000 | 00020 | 15,000 |
| pools        |           | 346 | Dose   | g      |       |        |
|              |           |     | (ST):  | allons |       |        |
|              |           |     |        |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 0.     |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 000017 |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | lb     |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              |           |     | Maint  | 2      | 0.0   | IT=2   |
|              |           |     | enance | 00,000 | 00048 | 10,000 |
|              |           |     | Dose   | g      |       |        |
|              |           |     | (I     | allons |       |        |
|              |           |     | T/LT): |        |       |        |
|              |           |     |        |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 0.00   |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 000417 |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | lb     |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+

ST = short-term, IT = intermediate-term, LT = long-term, N/A= No data
available

a Daily dose (mg/kg/day) = \[unit exposure (mg/lb a.i.) x absorption
factor (1.0 for inhalation) x application rate x quantity treated / Body
weight (60 kg for inhalation).

b MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / Absorbed Daily Dose \[Where NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day for all inhalation exposure durations\]. Target MOE = 100.

c The MOEs refer to short-term and intermediate-term duration unless
indicated otherwise.

d\. The swimming pool scenario also represents the decorative
pond/fountain scenario in the aquatic area use site category because the
application rates are very similar.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435624 .anchor}**6.2 Occupational
Post-application Exposures**

Except for the post-application scenarios assessed for fogging and wood
preservatives in Section 6.3, occupational post-application exposures
are assumed to be negligible.

**[Fogging (Food Processing Plant and Hatchery)]{.underline}**

Post-application inhalation exposures only were assessed for entry into
a building (hatchery and food processing plant) after a fogging
application, because dermal post application is presumed to be
negligible. The inhalation exposure assessment was conducted using the
Multi-Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM v1.2). MCCEM
estimates average and peak indoor air concentrations of chemicals
released from products or materials in houses, apartments, townhouses,
or other residences. Although the data libraries contained in MCCEM are
limited to residential settings, the model can be used to assess other
indoor environments. MCCEM has the capability to estimate inhalation
exposures to chemicals, calculated as single day doses, chronic average
daily doses, or lifetime average daily doses. (All dose estimates are
potential doses; they do not account for actual absorption into the
body.)

The product, EPA Reg \# 10324-80 (3.3% ai) with a maximum application
rate of 0.0065 lb ai/gal, was assessed for fogging use in a food
processing plant. The label states to fog one quart of the diluted
product per 1,000 cubic feet. All labels which can be used for fogging
in food processing areas indicate that all personnel must vacate the
room during fogging and for a minimum of 2 hours after fogging.
Therefore, exposure was calculated for a person entering the food
processing plant 2 hours after all the applied fogger has been deployed.

The product, EPA Reg \# 10324-108 (13.02% ai) with a maximum application
rate of 0.181 lb ai/gal, was assessed for fogging use in hatcheries and
incubators. After fogging, the label states that the building should be
well ventilated and not to enter until 2 hours after fogging, unless
wearing a self-contained respirator and long pants/long sleeves. The
remaining labels for fogging use in hatchery rooms and incubator
[indicate re-entry intervals of 0 to 2 hours]{.underline}. Therefore,
exposure was calculated for a person entering the building immediately
after all the applied fogger has been deployed and 2 hours after all the
applied fogger has been deployed

Assumptions used to calculate inputs for MCCEM and the calculated
exposure values are presented in Table 6.3 for food processing plants
and in Table 6.4 for hatcheries. The following assumptions were made:

-   The area being fogged is a one-chamber barn with dimensions of 300
    ft x 50 ft x10 ft (AD standard assumption).

-   For the food processing plant, the air exchange rate is 0.18 per
    hour (MCCEM default based on a residential home). For a hatchery,
    the air exchange rate is 4 per hour based on the rate for a poultry
    barn (Jacobson, 2005).

-   Fogging occurs instantaneously, so that the entire mass of product
    is mixed homogeneously with the indoor air as soon as fogging
    commences.

-   It is assumed that all of the aerosols are inhalable and/or
    respirable.

+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| **Table 6.3. Short |                       |                        |
| and Intermediate   |                       |                        |
| Term Inhalation    |                       |                        |
| Risks Associated   |                       |                        |
| with               |                       |                        |
| Post-application   |                       |                        |
| Exposure to DDAC   |                       |                        |
| After Fogging a    |                       |                        |
| Food Processing    |                       |                        |
| Plant**            |                       |                        |
+====================+=======================+========================+
| Parameter^a^       | Value                 | Rationale              |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Dimensions         | 300x50x10 ft,         | EPA Assumption         |
|                    |                       |                        |
|                    | 15,000 ft^2^ floor    |                        |
|                    | area,                 |                        |
|                    |                       |                        |
|                    | 150,000 ft^3^ (4,248  |                        |
|                    | m^3^)                 |                        |
|                    |                       |                        |
|                    | volume                |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Air Changes per    | 0.18/hr               | EPA Assumption         |
| Hour (ACH)^\*^     |                       |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Activity           | 8-hr average          | Based on product=s     |
| Pattern^\*^        | concentration         | re-entry interval      |
|                    | starting at           | (10324-80)             |
|                    | expiration of 2-hr    |                        |
|                    | REI                   |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Concentration of   | 0.0065 lb ai/gal      | Product Label (See     |
| Fogging Liquid     |                       | Table 6.1)             |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Use rate           | 1 quart/1,000 ft^3^   | Product label          |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Amount applied to  | 0.0258 g ai/m^3^      | (Use rate) x           |
| room               |                       | (Concentration)        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Body Weight        | 60 kg                 | EPA Assumption         |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Inhalation Rate    | 1.0 m^3^/hr           | NAFTA Light Activity   |
|                    |                       | for Adults (USEPA,     |
|                    |                       | 1997)                  |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| MCCEM Output       |                       |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Average            | 2-hr re-entry: 9.74   | Average of             |
| Concentration over |                       | MCCEM-calculated air   |
| 8-hrs (mg/m^3^)    |                       | concentrations from    |
|                    |                       | Hour 2 to Hour 10 for  |
|                    |                       | 2-hr REI               |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| 8-hr Dose          | 2-hr re-entry: 1.30   | Average Conc. \* 8 hrs |
| (mg/kg/day)        |                       | \* Inhal. Rate / BW    |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| **8-hr short-term  | 2-hr re-entry: **7**  | NOAEL (10 mg/kg/day) / |
| MOE**              |                       | Dose                   |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+

\*Used as MCCEM input. Default values from MCCEM were used for all
inputs not listed in the table above

+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| **Table 6.4. Short |                       |                        |
| and Intermediate   |                       |                        |
| Term Inhalation    |                       |                        |
| Risks Associated   |                       |                        |
| with               |                       |                        |
| Post-application   |                       |                        |
| Exposure to DDAC   |                       |                        |
| After Fogging a    |                       |                        |
| Hatchery**         |                       |                        |
+====================+=======================+========================+
| Parameter          | Value                 | Rationale              |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Barn               | 300x50x10 ft,         | EPA Assumption         |
| Dimensions^\*^     |                       |                        |
|                    | 15,000 ft^2^ floor    |                        |
|                    | area,                 |                        |
|                    |                       |                        |
|                    | 150,000 ft^3^ (4,248  |                        |
|                    | m^3^)                 |                        |
|                    |                       |                        |
|                    | volume                |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Air Changes per    | 4/hr                  | Jacobson, 2005         |
| Hour (ACH)^\*^     |                       |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Activity           | 8-hr average          | Based on product=s     |
| Pattern^\*^        | concentration         | re-entry interval      |
|                    | starting at           |                        |
|                    | expiration of 0-hr    |                        |
|                    | re-entry interval and |                        |
|                    | 2-hr re-entry         |                        |
|                    | interval              |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Application Rate   | 0.181 lb ai/gal.      | Product Label (See     |
| of Fogging Liquid  |                       | Table 6.1)             |
|                    | (Note: Max rate 0.22  |                        |
|                    | lb ai/gal)            |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Use rate           | 0.42 gal/4,000 ft^3^  | Product label states   |
|                    |                       | to fog 1 min/4,000     |
|                    |                       | ft^3^. Output of 0.42  |
|                    |                       | gal/min from           |
|                    |                       | <http://bugsour        |
|                    |                       | ce.com/mistermax.html> |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Mass applied to    | 0.301 g ai/m^3^       | (application rate) x   |
| barn               |                       | (use rate)             |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Body Weight        | 60 kg                 | EPA Assumption         |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Inhalation Rate    | 1.0 m^3^/hr           | NAFTA Light Activity   |
|                    |                       | for Adults (USEPA,     |
|                    |                       | 1997)                  |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| MCCEM Output       |                       |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| Average            | 0-hr Re-entry: 0.62   | Average of             |
| Concentration over |                       | MCCEM-calculated air   |
| 8-hrs (mg/m^3^)    | 2-hr Re-entry: 0.0114 | concentrations from    |
|                    |                       | Hour 0 to Hour 8 for   |
|                    |                       | 0-hr re-entry and Hour |
|                    |                       | 2 to Hour 10 for 2-hr  |
|                    |                       | re-entry               |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| 8-hr Dose          | 0-hr Re-entry: 0.083  | Average Conc. \* 8 hrs |
| (mg/kg/day)        |                       | \* Inhal. Rate / BW    |
|                    | 2-hr Re-entry: 0.0015 |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+
| **8-hr short-term  | 0-hr Re-entry: 120    | NOAEL (10 mg/kg/day) / |
| MOE**              |                       | Dose                   |
|                    | 2-hr Re-entry: 6,600  |                        |
+--------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+

A detailed report is presented in Appendix D, including hourly air
concentrations. Based on MCCEM output, 8-hr MOE values were calculated.
The MOE for fogging in the food processing plant (2-hr re-entry
interval) was below the target MOE of 100 (MOE = 8). For fogging in
hatcheries, the 8-hr MOE immediately following release and after a 2 hr
re-entry were above the target MOE of 100 (MOE = 120 and 6,600,
respectively). Because the 8-hr MOE for entering a hatchery immediately
after fogging is below 1,000, the Agency may request a confirmatory
inhalation toxicity study. The risks of concern for the food processing
plant are attributed to the low air changes per hour assumed (i.e., 0.18
ACH) in the assessment. For the poultry barn, ventilation rate was
obtained from Jacobson (2005). The assessment for food processing plants
could be refined if a more accurate ventilation rate could be obtained.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435625 .anchor}**6.3 Wood Preservation**

DDAC is used in products that are intended to preserve wood through both
non-pressure treatment methods and pressure treatment methods. The
exposure scenarios assessed in this document for the representative wood
preservation uses selected by AD are shown in Table 6.1. Section 6.3.1
presents the exposure analysis for the handler and post-application
scenarios for non-pressure treatment scenarios and Section 6.3.2
presents the exposure analysis for the handler and post-application
scenarios for pressure treatment scenarios.

Dermal irritation exposures from post-application activities in the wood
preservation treatment facility will be mitigated using default personal
protective equipment requirements based on the toxicity of the end-use
product. Therefore, only inhalation exposures and risks are presented.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435626 .anchor}**6.3.1 Non-Pressure Treatment
Scenarios (Handler and Post-application)**

The proprietary study, "*Measurement and Assessment of Dermal and
Inhalation Exposures to Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) Used
in the Protection of Cut Lumber (Phase III)"* (Bestari et al., 1999,
MRID 455243-04) identified various worker functions/positions for
individuals that handle DDAC-containing wood preservatives for
non-pressure treatment application methods and for individuals that
could then come into contact with the preserved wood. The worker
functions/positions identified in the DDAC study are presented below.

**Handler:**

-   ***Blender/spray operators*** are workers that add the wood
    preservative into a blender/sprayer system for composite wood via
    closed-liquid pumping.

-   ***Diptank Operators*** can be in reference to wood being lowered
    into the treating solution through an automated process (i.e.,
    elevator diptank, forklift diptank). This scenario can also occur in
    a smaller scale treatment facility in which the worker can manually
    dip the wood into the treatment solution.

-   ***Chemical operators*** for a spray box system consist of chemical
    operators, chemical assistants, chemical supervisors, and chemical
    captains. These individuals maintain a chemical supply balance along
    with flushing and cleaning spray nozzles.

**Post-application:**

-   ***Graders**,* positioned right after the spray box, grade dry
    lumber by hand (i.e. detect faults). In the DDAC study, graders
    graded wet lumber; therefore, the exposures to graders using DDAC
    are worst-case scenarios.

-   ***Millwrights*** repair all conveyer chains and general up-keep of
    the mill.

-   ***Clean-up crews*** perform general cleaning duties at the mill.

-   ***Trim saw operators*** operate the hula trim saw and consist of
    operators and strappers. In the DDAC study, hula trim saw operators
    handled dry lumber.

-   ***Construction workers*** install treated plywood, oriented strand
    board, medium density fiberboard, and others.

The blender/spray operator position was assessed using CMA unit exposure
data and the remaining handler and post-application positions were
assessed using data from the DDAC study (Bestari et al., 1999).

**[Blender/Spray Operators]{.underline}**

The inhalation exposures and risks to the composite wood blender/spray
operators were assessed using Equations 1 through 3 in Section 1.2. The
surrogate unit exposures were taken from the CMA study (USEPA, 1999b).
Specifically, the liquid pump preservative unit exposures were used in
this assessment. The inhalation unit exposure is 0.000403 mg/lb ai.
These values are based on two replicates. The quantity of the wood being
treated was derived from other wood preservative estimates (USEPA, 2004)
for the amount of wood slurry treated because no chemical specific data
were available for DDAC. It was assumed that batches of wood Number
range CHAPTERslurry are treated in 10,000 gallon tanks, and that eight
batches of wood slurry are treated per day (one per hour for an 8-hr
work shift). Additionally, it was assumed that each batch requires 3,000
gallons of preservatives and the remainder volume of the tank consists
of wood slurry (7,000 gallons of wood slurry per batch). Since wood
chips have a density of approximately 380 kg/m^3^ (SIMetric, 2005), the
total amount of wood slurry treated per day would be 178,000 lbs (8
batches/day x 7,000 gallons/batch x 0.003785 m^3^/gallon x 380 kg/m^3^ x
2.2 lb/kg). Number range CHAPTERThe assumptions used for batch sizes and
the quantity of preservative needed are consistent with an assessment
performed previously by the EPA (USEPA 2003). The DDAC assessment was
conducted using an application rate of 3% ai solution.

Table 6.5 provides the inhalation doses and MOEs for the workers adding
the preservative to the wood slurry. The inhalation MOE is above the
target MOE of 100 for short-, intermediate-, and long-term inhalation
exposures (MOE = 280). However, the MOE is below 1,000; therefore, the
Agency may request a confirmatory inhalation toxicity study.

+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+
| **Table  |           |            |         |           |           |
| 6.5.     |           |            |         |           |           |
| Short-,  |           |            |         |           |           |
| Interm   |           |            |         |           |           |
| ediate-, |           |            |         |           |           |
| and      |           |            |         |           |           |
| L        |           |            |         |           |           |
| ong-Term |           |            |         |           |           |
| In       |           |            |         |           |           |
| halation |           |            |         |           |           |
| E        |           |            |         |           |           |
| xposures |           |            |         |           |           |
| and MOEs |           |            |         |           |           |
| for      |           |            |         |           |           |
| Blend    |           |            |         |           |           |
| er/Spray |           |            |         |           |           |
| Op       |           |            |         |           |           |
| erator** |           |            |         |           |           |
+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+
| Exposure | I         | A          | Wood    | Daily     | ST/IT/LT  |
| Scenario | nhalation | pplication | Slurry  | Dose^c^   |           |
|          | Unit      | Rate       | Tre     | (m        | MOE^d^    |
|          | Ex        |            | ated^b^ | g/kg/day) |           |
|          | posure^a^ | (% ai in   |         |           | (Target   |
|          |           | solution/  | (       |           | MOE =     |
|          | (mg/lb    |            | lb/day) |           | 100)      |
|          | ai)       | day)       |         |           |           |
+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+
| Occu     |           |            |         |           |           |
| pational |           |            |         |           |           |
| Handler  |           |            |         |           |           |
+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+
| Blend    | 0.000403  | 3          | 178,000 | 0.036     | 280       |
| er/spray |           |            |         |           |           |
| operator |           |            |         |           |           |
+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+

ST = Short-term duration; IT = Intermediate-term duration; and LT =
long-term.

a.  Inhalation unit exposure: Baseline.

b\. Wood slurry treated = (8 batches/day x 7,000 gallons/batch x
0.003785 m^3^/gallon x 380 kg/m^3^ x 2.2 lb/kg)

c\. Daily Dose = unit exposure (mg/lb ai) x App Rate (% ai/day) x
Quantity treated (lb/day) x absorption factor (100% for inhalation) / BW
(60 kg)

d\. MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day)/ Daily dose \[Where ST/IT/LT NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day for inhalation. Target MOE = 100.

**[Chemical Operators, Graders, Millwrights, Clean-up Crews, and Trim
Saw Operators]{.underline}**

The inhalation exposures to chemical operators, graders, millwrights,
trim saw operators, and clean-up crews were assessed using the exposure
data from the DDAC study (Bestari et al., 1999). The DDAC study examined
individuals= exposure to DDAC while working with antisapstains and
performing routine tasks at 11 sawmills/planar mills in Canada.
Inhalation exposure monitoring data were gathered for each job function
of interest using dosimeters and personal sampling tubes. Dosimeters and
personal air sampling tubes were analyzed for DDAC. Exposure data for
individuals performing the same job functions were averaged together to
determine job specific averages. Monitoring was conducted using 2 trim
saw workers, 13 grader workers, 11 chemical operators, 3 millwrights,
and 6 clean-up staff.

The individual inhalation exposures from the DDAC study are presented in
Table E-1 in Appendix E. The study was conducted using a product
containing 80% DDAC; therefore, the exposures do not need to be modified
to account for any differences in percent active ingredient. The lb ai
handled by each person or the % ai in the treatment solution were not
provided for these worker functions in the DDAC study.

The following equation was used to calculate daily dose for DDAC:

*Daily Dose = [DDAC UE x AB]{.underline}* **(Eq. 13)**

*BW*

Where:

DDAC UE = DDAC inhalation unit exposure (mg/day);

AB = Absorption factor (100% inhalation); and

BW = Body weight (60 kg).

In using this methodology, the following assumptions were made:

-   DDAC and DDAC end-use products will be used in similar quantities.

-   The procedures for applying both chemicals are similar.

-   The limits of detections (LOD) for inhalation residues from Number
    range CHAPTERchemical operators, graders, mill wrights, and clean-up
    staff replicates were not provided in the DDAC report. For lack of
    better data, it was assumed that the inhalation LODs for these
    worker positions are equal to the LOD of the diptank operator
    replicates (5.6 μg). For all measurements below the air
    concentration associated with this detection limit, half the
    detection limit was used.

-   Air concentrations were reported in the DDAC study. To convert air
    concentrations (μg/m^3^) into terms of inhalation unit exposure
    (mg/day), the air concentrations were multiplied by an inhalation
    rate of 1.0 m^3^/hr for light activity (USEPA,1997), a sample
    duration of 8 hrs/day, and a conversion factor of 1 mg/1000 µg.
    Table D-1 in Appendix D presents the inhalation exposures.

Table 6.6 provides the short-, intermediate-, and long-term inhalation
doses and MOEs for chemical operators, graders, millwrights, clean-up
crews, and trim saw operators. The inhalation MOEs are above the target
MOE of 100 for all worker functions. Any dermal irritation exposures
from post-application activities will be mitigated using default
personal protective equipment requirements based on the toxicity of the
end-use product.

It should be noted that although the target inhalation MOE is 100, the
MOE for the clean-crew workers is below 1,000; therefore, the Agency may
request a confirmatory inhalation toxicity study.

-   Wood Preservation (non-pressure treatment), clean-up crew: ST/IT/LT
    Inhalation MOE = **990**

+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| **Table 6.6.     |          |             |                |        |
| Short-,          |          |             |                |        |
| Intermediate,    |          |             |                |        |
| and Long-Term    |          |             |                |        |
| Inhalation       |          |             |                |        |
| Exposures and    |          |             |                |        |
| MOEs for Wood    |          |             |                |        |
| Preservative     |          |             |                |        |
| Chemical         |          |             |                |        |
| Operators,       |          |             |                |        |
| Graders, Trim    |          |             |                |        |
| Saw Operators,   |          |             |                |        |
| and Clean-Up     |          |             |                |        |
| Crews (Handler   |          |             |                |        |
| and              |          |             |                |        |
| Post-application |          |             |                |        |
| Activities)**    |          |             |                |        |
+==================+==========+=============+================+========+
| Exposure         | In       | Conversion  | Daily Dose^d^  | MOE^e^ |
| Scenario^a^      | halation | Ratio^c^    |                | (      |
|                  | UE^b^    |             | (mg/kg/day)    | Target |
| (number of       |          |             |                | MOE =  |
| volunteers)      | (mg/day) |             |                | 100)   |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Occupational     |          |             |                |        |
| Handlers         |          |             |                |        |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Chemical         | 0.0281   | NA          | 0.000468       | 21,000 |
| Operator (n=11)  |          |             |                |        |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Occupational     |          |             |                |        |
| Post-Application |          |             |                |        |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Grader (n=13)    | 0.0295   | NA          | 0.000491       | 20,000 |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Trim Saw (n=2)   | 0.061    | NA          | 0.00101        | 9,900  |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Millwright (n=3) | 0.057    | NA          | 0.00095        | 11,000 |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Clean-Up (n=6)   | 0.60     | NA          | 0.0101         | 990    |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+

ST = Short-term duration, IT = Intermediate-term duration, LT =
Long-term duration

a\. The exposure scenario represents a worker wearing short-sleeved
shirts, cotton work trousers, and cotton glove dosimeter gloves under
chemical resistant gloves. Volunteers were grouped according to tasks
they conducted at the mill.

b\. Inhalation unit exposures are from Bestari et. al. (1999). Refer to
Table E-1 in Appendix E for the calculation of the inhalation exposures.
Inhalation exposure (mg/day) was calculated using the following
equation: Air concentration (μg/m^3^) x Inhalation rate (1.0 m^3^/hr) x
Sample duration (8 hr/day) x Unit conversion (1 mg/1000 μg). The
inhalation rate is from USEPA, 1997.

c\. A conversion ratio is not needed because the maximum % active
ingredient in the product is the same as the % active ingredient in the
DDAC study.

d\. Daily dose (mg/kg/day) = exposure (mg/day) x absorption factor (100%
for inhalation)/body weight (60 kg).

e\. MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day)/ Daily dose \[Where inhalation NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day\]. Target MOE = 100.

**[Diptank Operators]{.underline}**

Exposures to diptank operators were also assessed using the data from
the DDAC study (Bestari et al., 1999). The diptank scenario assessment
was conducted differently than for the other job functions because the
concentration of DDAC in the diptank solution was provided. The exposure
data for diptank operators were converted into Aunit exposures@ in terms
of mg a.i. for each 1% of concentration of the product. The calculation
of the inhalation unit exposure (0.046 mg/1% solution, respectively) is
presented in Table E-2 in Appendix E. The air concentrations presented
in the DDAC study were converted to unit exposures using an inhalation
rate of 1.0 m^3^/hr (light activity) (USEPA, 1997) and a sample duration
of 8 hrs/day.

The following equations are used to estimate inhalation handler
exposure:

*Daily Dose = [DDAC UE x AI x AB]{.underline}* **(Eq. 14)**

*BW*

Where:

DDAC UE = DDAC inhalation unit exposure (mg/ 1% in solution);

AI = Percent active ingredient (3% ai in solution/day);

AB = Absorption factor (100% for inhalation); and

BW = Body weight (60 kg).

Table 6.7 provides the short-, intermediate- and long-term inhalation
dose and MOEs for diptank operators. The inhalation MOE is above the
target MOE of 100 and, therefore, is not of concern.

+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+
| **Table 6.7.      |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Short-,           |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Intermediate-,    |                   |         |   |           |      |
| and Long-Term     |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Inhalation        |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Exposures and     |                   |         |   |           |      |
| MOEs for Diptank  |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Operator (Handler |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Activity)**       |                   |         |   |           |      |
+===================+===================+=========+===+===========+======+
| Exposure          | Inhalation Unit   | App     |   | Daily     | MO   |
| Scenario^a^       | Exposure^b^       | Rate    |   | Dose^c^   | E^d^ |
|                   |                   |         |   |           |      |
| (number of        | (mg DDAC/1%       | (% a.i. |   | (m        |      |
| replicates)       | solution)         | in      |   | g/kg/day) |      |
|                   |                   | so      |   |           |      |
|                   |                   | lution/ |   |           |      |
|                   |                   | day)    |   |           |      |
+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+
|                   |                   |         |   |           |      |
+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+
| Occupational      |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Handler           |                   |         |   |           |      |
+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+
| Dipping, with     | 0.046             | 3       | 0 |           | 4    |
| gloves (n=7)      |                   |         | . |           | ,300 |
|                   |                   |         | 0 |           |      |
|                   |                   |         | 0 |           |      |
|                   |                   |         | 2 |           |      |
|                   |                   |         | 3 |           |      |
+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+

a The exposure scenario represents a worker not wearing a respirator.

b Inhalation unit exposures are from DDAC study (MRID 455243‑04). Refer
to Table E-2 in Appendix E for inhalation unit exposure calculations.
Inhalation exposure (mg) was calculated using the following equation:
Air concentration (mg/m^3^) x Inhalation rate (1.0 m^3^/hr) x Sample
Duration (8 hr). The inhalation rate is from USEPA, 1997.

c Daily dose (mg/kg/day) = unit exposure (mg/1% ai solution) x percent
active ingredient in solution (3% ai) x absorption factor (100% for
inhalation) / body weight (60 kg).

d MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / Daily dose \[Where inhalation NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day. Target MOE = 100.

**[Construction workers]{.underline}**

Potential risks resulting from construction worker dermal contact with
DDAC-treated wood are assessed in the same manner as potential risks
resulting from children's dermal contact with DDAC-treated playsets and
decks (Section 4.2.2.3). The risks were calculated using average worker
residue data for hands available in the DDAC exposure study. Hand
residue data from the end stacker, stickman, and tallyman workers were
used because of the possibility of the contact with dry treated wood.
The maximum and average values of these data (3.0 and1.4 g/cm^2^,
respectively) were assumed to be the dermal skin irritation exposure. As
shown in Table 4.10, the dermal MOE are less than or equal to 1 for
maximum and average hand residues. A wood wipe study is needed to refine
these risk estimates.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435627 .anchor}**6.3.2 Pressure Treatment
Scenarios (Handler and Post-Application)**

DDAC may be used to treat wood and wood products using pressurized
application methods such as double vacuum. According to the product
labels, the maximum retention rate is 0.6 lb/ft^3^. An application rate
was not provided on the product labels; therefore, an application rate
of 3% ai solution was used in this assessment, based on the master
label. DDAC-specific exposure data are not available for assessment of
pressure treatment exposure. Therefore, the assessment relies on
surrogate chromated copper arsenate (CCA) data (ACC, 2002b) and was
based on the approach used in a previous exposure assessment (USEPA
2003).

**[Surrogate Unit Exposure Data]{.underline}**

Inhalation exposures for pressure treatment uses are derived from
information in the exposure study by the American Chemistry Council
(2002) entitled "*Assessment of Potential Inhalation and Dermal Exposure
Associated with Pressure Treatment of Wood with Arsenical Wood
Products*" (ACC, 2002b). In this study, a treatment solution of CCA was
approximately 0.5 percent. The CCA study is the best pressure treatment
data available for a water based solution to estimate exposure to DDAC.

The CCA study measured both handlers and post-application activities.
Although there is overlap in job functions, the handlers are defined as
being either treating operators (TOs) or treating assistants (TAs). The
TOs were monitored at three sites (A, B, and C) using 5 replicates at
each site. The TAs were monitored at two sites (Sites A and C) using 5
replicates at each site. The post-application activities included: tram
setter (TS) at Site A (n=5); stacker operator (SO) at Site A (n=4);
loader operator (LO) at Sites A, B, C (n=15); supervisor (S) at Site B
(n=5); test borer (TB) at Site C (n=5); and the tallyman (TM) at Site C
(n=5). According to the CCA study, workers wore cotton long-sleeved
shirts and cotton trousers (or one-piece cotton coveralls) over the
whole-body dosimeters ("plus additional shirts or jackets per typical
practice at Site B") and chemical-resistant or work gloves, when
appropriate. Therefore, the CCA study provides exposure data associated
with maximum PPE (excluding respirators). In using the CCA study for
this DDAC assessment, the TO and TA handlers are assessed separately.
The post-application job functions, however, have been combined into one
data set to represent post-application activities because for most
activities the sample size is small (5 ≤ n ≤ 15).

The measured CCA inhalation exposure values were normalized by the
treatment solution concentration used at each of the 3 facilities (i.e.,
unit exposure reported as µg arsenic/ppm treatment solution). The
normalization by treatment solution concentration was performed to
extrapolate the measured exposures in the CCA study (monitored at \~0.5%
ai solution) to the maximum DDAC treatment solution concentration (1% ai
solution). Table 6.8 presents the inhalation unit exposure values
normalized to the treatment solution concentration in ppm for (1) all
sites, (2) treatment operator (TA handler), (3) treatment assistant (TA
handler), and (4) all post-application job functions (TS, SO, LO, S, TB,
TM).

**[Exposure Calculations]{.underline}**

The following equation was used to estimate inhalation handler exposure:

*Daily Dose = [UE x AI x AB]{.underline}* **(Eq. 15)**

*BW*

Where:

UE = Unit exposure (mg As/ppm);

AI = Percent active ingredient (3% ai in solution);

AB = Absorption factor (100% inhalation); and

BW = Body weight (60 kg).

**[Results]{.underline}**

The estimated inhalation exposures and risks for DDAC are presented in
Table 6.9. The calculated inhalation MOEs are above the target MOE of
100 for all scenarios. All inhalation MOEs also exceed 1,000, therefore,
a confirmatory inhalation toxicity study is not warranted based on the
results of these exposure scenarios.

+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
| **Table   |       |        |            |             |             |
| 6.8.      |       |        |            |             |             |
| I         |       |        |            |             |             |
| nhalation |       |        |            |             |             |
| Exposure  |       |        |            |             |             |
| Values    |       |        |            |             |             |
| from a    |       |        |            |             |             |
| CCA       |       |        |            |             |             |
| Pressure  |       |        |            |             |             |
| Treatment |       |        |            |             |             |
| Study     |       |        |            |             |             |
| (Exposure |       |        |            |             |             |
| Data used |       |        |            |             |             |
| as        |       |        |            |             |             |
| Surrogate |       |        |            |             |             |
| Unit      |       |        |            |             |             |
| Exposures |       |        |            |             |             |
| for DDAC  |       |        |            |             |             |
| Asse      |       |        |            |             |             |
| ssment)** |       |        |            |             |             |
+===========+=======+========+============+=============+=============+
| Site      | Trea  |        | Statistic  | Air         | Inhalation  |
|           | tment |        |            |             | Unit        |
|           | Sol   |        |            | Conce       | Exposure^c^ |
|           | ution |        |            | ntration^b^ |             |
|           |       |        |            |             | (μg As/ppm) |
|           |       |        |            | (μg         |             |
|           |       |        |            | A           |             |
|           |       |        |            | s/m^3^/ppm) |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           | \%    | ppm^a^ |            |             |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
| All       | 0.438 | 4,380  | Average ±  | 0.00013 ±   | 0.00104     |
| sites -   | to    | to     | std        | 0.00023     |             |
| All Data  | 0.595 | 5,950  |            |             |             |
|           |       |        |            |             |             |
| (n = 64)  |       |        |            |             |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | Median     | 0.00013     | 0.00104     |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | 90th       | 0.00077     | 0.00617     |
|           |       |        | percentile |             |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | Maximum    | 0.0011      | 0.00882     |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
| All       | 0.438 | 4,380  | Average ±  | 0.00032 ±   | 0.00257     |
| sites -   | to    | to     | std        | 0.00038     |             |
| Handler   | 0.595 | 5,950  |            |             |             |
| Treatment |       |        |            |             |             |
| Operator  |       |        |            |             |             |
|           |       |        |            |             |             |
| (n = 15)  |       |        |            |             |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | Median     | 0.00013     | 0.00104     |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | 90th       | 0.00092     | 0.00737     |
|           |       |        | percentile |             |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | Maximum    | 0.0011      | 0.00882     |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
| All       | 0.438 | 4,380  | Average ±  | 0.0001 ±    | 0.000802    |
| sites -   | to    | to     | std        | 0.00004     |             |
| Handler   | 0.595 | 5,950  |            |             |             |
| Treatment |       |        |            |             |             |
| Assistant |       |        |            |             |             |
|           |       |        |            |             |             |
| (n = 10)  |       |        |            |             |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | Median     | 0.00013     | 0.00104     |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | 90th       | 0.00013     | 0.00104     |
|           |       |        | percentile |             |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | Maximum    | 0.00014     | 0.00112     |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
| All sites | \--   | \--    | Average ±  | 0.00020 ±   | 0.00160     |
| --        |       |        | std        | 0.00025     |             |
| Post-app  |       |        |            |             |             |
| lication: |       |        |            |             |             |
| All job   |       |        |            |             |             |
| functions |       |        |            |             |             |
| (TS, SO,  |       |        |            |             |             |
| LO, S,    |       |        |            |             |             |
| TB, TM)   |       |        |            |             |             |
|           |       |        |            |             |             |
| (n = 39)  |       |        |            |             |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | Median     | 0.00013     | 0.00104     |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | 90th       | 0.00050     | 0.00401     |
|           |       |        | percentile |             |             |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|           |       |        | Maximum    | 0.0011      | 0.00882     |
+-----------+-------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------+

a\. ppm = (% treatment solution) \* (10,000).

b\. Air concentration was calculated as μg collected per sample per ppm
/ (480 min per day x 2 L/min).

c\. Inhalation unit exposure = air concentration (μg As/m^3^/ppm) x
breathing rate for light activities (0.0167 m^3^/min) x sample duration
(480 min).

+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| **Table 6.9.     |           |           |               |          |
| Short-,          |           |           |               |          |
| Intermediate-,   |           |           |               |          |
| and Long-Term    |           |           |               |          |
| Inhalation       |           |           |               |          |
| Exposures and    |           |           |               |          |
| MOEs for         |           |           |               |          |
| Pressure         |           |           |               |          |
| Treatment        |           |           |               |          |
| Handler and      |           |           |               |          |
| Post-application |           |           |               |          |
| Scenarios**      |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Exposure         | I         | Ap        | Absorbed      | In       |
| Scenario         | nhalation | plication | Daily         | halation |
|                  | Unit      | Rate      | Doses^b^      | MOEs^c^  |
|                  | Ex        |           |               |          |
|                  | posure^a^ | (% ai     | (mg/kg/day)   | (Target  |
|                  |           | solution) |               | MOE =    |
|                  | (μg       |           |               | 100)     |
|                  | As/ppm)   |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Occupational     |           |           |               |          |
| Handler          |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Treatment        | 0.00257   | 3         | 0.0013        | 7,800    |
| Operator (TO)    |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Treatment        | 0.000802  | 3         | 0.00040       | 25,000   |
| Assistant (TA)   |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Occupational     |           |           |               |          |
| Post-application |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| All (Tram        | 0.00160   | 3         | 0.00080       | 13,000   |
| setter, stacker  |           |           |               |          |
| operator, loader |           |           |               |          |
| operator,        |           |           |               |          |
| supervisor, test |           |           |               |          |
| borer, and       |           |           |               |          |
| tallyman)        |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+

> a\. Unit exposure values taken from CCA study and are shown in Table
> 6.11.
>
> b\. Absorbed Daily Dose (mg/kg/day) = Unit Exposure (μg As/ppm) x \[%
> DDAC in solution (3) x 10,000 (parts per million conversion)\] x
> (0.001 mg/μg) x absorption factor (100% for inhalation) / Body weight
> (60 kg).

c\. MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / Daily dose \[Where inhalation NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day for all durations. Target MOE = 100.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435628 .anchor}**6.4 Data
Limitations/Uncertainties**

There are several data limitations and uncertainties associated with the
occupational handler and post-application exposure assessments. These
include:

-   Surrogate dermal and inhalation unit exposure values were taken from
    the proprietary Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
    antimicrobial exposure study (USEPA, 1999: DP Barcode D247642) or
    from the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (USEPA, 1998) (See
    Appendix B for summaries of these data sources). Since the CMA data
    are of poor quality, the Agency requests that confirmatory data be
    submitted to support the occupational scenarios assessed in this
    document.

-   Number range CHAPTERUnit exposures are not available for some of the
    specific scenarios that are prescribed for DDAC including open
    loading into oil-well/field environments

    -   The CMA data used for oil-well uses are based on open pouring of
        a material preservative. Although these data are only
        represented by 2 replicates each, the exposure values are
        similar to open loading of pesticides in PHED. Furthermore,
        there are no representative unit exposure data for chemical
        metering into secondary recovery oil operations. Since the
        volume of water being treated in secondary recovery operations
        is so large, the available CMA data can not be reliably
        extrapolated because they are based on activities that handle
        much lower volumes and possibly different techniques. Therefore,
        it was assumed that if the open pour handling activities for the
        other oil well operations resulted in MOEs that are not of
        concern, then the MOEs for the closed system chemical metering
        into secondary recovery operations would also be not of concern.
        AD requests that confirmatory data be conducted to show that
        this is accurate.

-   For the wood preservative pressure treatment scenarios, CCA exposure
    data were used for lack of DDAC-specific exposure data. Limitations
    and uncertainties associated with the use of these data include:

    -   The assumption was made that exposure patterns for workers at
        treatment facilities using CCA and DDAC would be similar to
        exposure patterns for workers at treatment facilities using
        DDAC, and therefore the exposures could be used as surrogate
        data for workers that treat wood with DDAC.

    -   For environmental modeling, it was assumed that the leaching
        process from the DDAC treated wood would be similar to that of
        CCA and DDAC. However, due to the lack of real data for DDAC
        -treated wood, it is not possible to verify this assumption.

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```
-   The quantities handled/treated were estimated based on information
    from various sources, including HED's Standard Operating Procedures
    (SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessments (USEPA 2000 and 2001),
    and personal communication with experts. In particular, Number range
    CHAPTERthe use information for oil-well uses and cooling water tower
    uses are based on personal communication with biocide manufacturers
    for these types of uses. The individuals contacted have experience
    in these operations and their estimates are believed to be the best
    available without undertaking a statistical survey of the uses. In
    certain cases, no standard values were available for some scenarios.
    Assumptions for these scenarios were based on AD estimates and could
    be further refined from input from registrants.

-   The percent active ingredient in solution for the pressure treatment
    of lumber needs to be refined by the registrant. The labels only
    provided a retention rate. For this assessment, the application rate
    on the master label was used, which is the same as the application
    rate for non-pressure treatment of lumber.

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc125435629 .anchor}**7.0 REFERENCES**

    American Chemistry Council (ACC). 2002a. Assessment of Potential
    Inhalation and Dermal Exposure Associated With Pressure Treatment of
    Wood with Arsenical Wood Products. MRID 4550211-01.

American Chemistry Council (ACC). 2002b. An Analysis of the Training
Patterns and Practices of Competitive Swimmers. Prepared by Richard
Reiss. Sciences International, Inc. Alexandria, Virginia. December 9,
2002.

Number range CHAPTERBestari KT, Macey K, Soloman KR, Tower N. 1999.
Measurement and Assessment of Dermal and Inhalation Exposures to Didecyl
Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) Used in the Protection of Cut Lumber
(Phase III). MRID 455243-04.

Number range CHAPTERCEC, 2001. Residential Manual for Compliance with
California's 2001 Energy Efficiency Standards.
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/residential_manual/index.html, viewed
January 2005.

DOE. 1997. Energy Information Administration: Profile of Commercial
Buildings in 1995. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs/char95/profile.html

Number range CHAPTERFreeman, N , Jimenez M, Reed KJ,Gurunathan S,
Edwards RD, Roy A, Adgate JL, Pellizzari ED, Quackenboss J, Sexton K,
Lioy PJ, 2001. Quantitative analysis of chilren's microactivity
patterns: The Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study. Journal of
Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 11(6): 501-509.

Helwig, D. (2003) Personal Communication between D. Helwig (Johnson
Diversy, Inc) and K. Riley (Versar, Inc.), November 11, 2003.

HERA, 2003. Human and Environmental Risk Assessment, Guidance Document
Methodology, April 22, 2002
(http://www.heraproject.com/files/Guidancedocument.pdf).

HERA, 2005. Human and Environmental Risk Assessment, Guidance Document
Methodology, February 2005 (http://www.heraproject.com).

MCCEM V 1.2 The Multi-Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM)
Model Version 1.2. Prepared for the US EPA Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics. Prepared by Versar, Inc. and Wilkes Technologies,
LLC.

Jacobson, Larry. 2005. Professor and Extension Engineer at University of
Minnesota.

SIMetric. 2005. <http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_materials.htm> Last viewed
November 9, 2005.

USEPA. Undated. RISK. Version 1.9.27. Developed by Dr. Les Sparks of
USEPA/NRMRL/ APPCD.

USEPA. 1996. Office of Research and Development, Descriptive Statistics
Tables from a Detailed Analysis of the National Human Activity Pattern
(NHAPS) Data; EPA/600/R-96/148, July 1996. Data Collection Period
October 1992 - September 1994 .

USEPA. 1997. Exposure Factors Handbook. Volume I-II. Office of Research
and Development. Washington, D.C. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa. August 1997.

USEPA. 1998. PHED Surrogate Exposure Guide. Estimates of Worker Exposure
from the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database Version 1.1. Washington,
DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Number range CHAPTERUSEPA. 1999. Evaluation of Chemical Manufacturers
Association Antimicrobial Exposure Assessment Study (Amended on 8
December 1992). Memorandum from Siroos Mostaghimi, PH.D., USEPA to Julie
Fairfax, USEPA. Dated November, 4 1999. DP Barcode D247642.

USEPA. 2000. Residential SOPs. EPA Office of Pesticide ProgramsBHuman
Health Effects Division. Dated April 5, 2000.

USEPA. 2001. HED Science Advisory Council for Exposure. Policy Update,
November 12. Recommended Revisions to the Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessment, February 22, 2001.

USEPA. 2003. Assessment of the Proposed Bardac Wood Preservative
Pressure Treatment Use. Memorandum from Tim Leighton and Siroos
Mostaghimi. February 11, 2003.

USEPA. 2004. Occupational and Residential Exposure Assessment for
Carboquat WP-50. Memorandum from Siroos Mostaghimi, USEPA to Welma
Noble, USEPA. Dated November 4, 2004. DP Barcodes D303714 and D303938.

USEPA. 2006. Didecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) -- Report
of the Antimicrobials Division Toxicity Endpoint Committee (ADTC) and
the Hazard Identification Assessment Review Committee (HIARC). January
9, 2006.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435630 .anchor}**APPENDIX A: Master DDAC
Label**

+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | **Use Site**   | **T      | *       | *    | **Freq of     |
| *EPA |                | reatment | *Method | *Not | Application** |
| Reg  |                | Site/Su  | of      | es** |               |
| Nu   |                | rfaces** | Applic  |      |               |
| mber |                |          | ation** |      |               |
| used |                |          |         |      |               |
| for  |                |          |         |      |               |
| Max. |                |          |         |      |               |
| A    |                |          |         |      |               |
| ppl. |                |          |         |      |               |
| Ra   |                |          |         |      |               |
| te** |                |          |         |      |               |
+======+================+==========+=========+======+===============+
| **In |                |          |         |      |               |
| dust |                |          |         |      |               |
| rial |                |          |         |      |               |
| p    |                |          |         |      |               |
| roce |                |          |         |      |               |
| sses |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| w    |                |          |         |      |               |
| ater |                |          |         |      |               |
| s    |                |          |         |      |               |
| yste |                |          |         |      |               |
| ms** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Industrial     | Cooling  | Pour/   | 1839 | Weekly        |
| -129 | Recirc Water   | Towers   | metered | -129 |               |
|      | Systems        | (i       |         | (50% |               |
|      |                | ncluding |         | ai)  |               |
|      |                | eva      |         |      |               |
|      |                | porative |         |      |               |
|      |                | con      |         |      |               |
|      |                | densers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | dairy    |         |      |               |
|      |                | sw       |         |      |               |
|      |                | eetwater |         |      |               |
|      |                | systems, |         |      |               |
|      |                | cooling  |         |      |               |
|      |                | canals,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | paste    |         |      |               |
|      |                | urizers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tunnel   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coolers  |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | warmers) |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *cooling       | * *      | *slug   |      |               |
| 0707 | water,         |          | tre     |      |               |
| -46* | disposal       |          | atment* |      |               |
|      | water, oil     |          |         |      |               |
|      | field          |          |         |      |               |
|      | operations*    |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | oil      | pour/   | 1839 | As needed     |
| -151 | water flood or | field    | metered | -151 |               |
|      | salt water     | water    |         |      |               |
|      | disposal       | disposal |         |      |               |
|      |                | systems  |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | i        | con     | B    | As needed     |
| -179 |                | njection | tinuous | lend |               |
|      |                | and      | in      | with |               |
|      |                | wa       | jection | A    |               |
|      |                | stewater |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | i        | batch   | B    | As needed     |
| -179 |                | njection | tr      | lend |               |
|      |                | and      | eatment | with |               |
|      |                | wa       |         | A    |               |
|      |                | stewater |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | packer   |         | B    | As needed     |
| -179 |                | fluids   |         | lend |               |
|      |                |          |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | drilling |         | B    | As needed     |
| -179 |                | muds     |         | lend |               |
|      |                |          |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| Swim |                |          |         |      |               |
| ming |                |          |         |      |               |
| P    |                |          |         |      |               |
| ools |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | Swimming Pool  |          | pour    |      | Once weekly   |
| 4-69 |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Outside        |          | pour    |      | Weekly        |
| -133 | Spas/          |          |         |      |               |
|      | Whirlpools/Hot |          |         |      |               |
|      | Tub Bath       |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    |                |          |         |      |               |
| *Aqu |                |          |         |      |               |
| atic |                |          |         |      |               |
| Are  |                |          |         |      |               |
| as** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 499  | *greenho       | de       | d       | B    | As needed     |
| -482 | use/nurseries, | corative | ribble, | lend |               |
|      | golf courses,  | fo       | spray   | with |               |
|      | recreational   | untains, | ring    | A    |               |
|      | parks,         | de       |         | DBAC |               |
|      | amusement      | corative |         |      |               |
|      | parks,         | pools,   |         |      |               |
|      | universities,  | ponds,   |         |      |               |
|      | cemeteries*    | water    |         |      |               |
|      |                | d        |         |      |               |
|      |                | isplays, |         |      |               |
|      |                | standing |         |      |               |
|      |                | waters   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *greenho       | *ir      | *im     | *B   | As needed     |
| 499- | use/nurseries* | rigation | mersing | lend |               |
| 482* |                | system,  | or      | with |               |
|      |                | watering | running | AD   |               |
|      |                | lines,   | thru    | BAC* |               |
|      |                | drip     | system* |      |               |
|      |                | lines,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | e        |         |      |               |
|      |                | mitters, |         |      |               |
|      |                | watering |         |      |               |
|      |                | nozzles, |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | hoses*   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
|      |                |          |         |      |               |
| Wood |                |          |         |      |               |
| T    |                |          |         |      |               |
| reat |                |          |         |      |               |
| ment |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 6836 | Pressure       |          |         | 3%   | As needed     |
| -212 | Treatment      |          |         | ai   |               |
|      |                |          |         | soln |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 6836 | Double vacuum  |          |         | 3%   | As needed     |
| -212 |                |          |         | ai   |               |
|      |                |          |         | soln |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 6836 | Dip/Spray      |          |         | 3%   | As needed     |
| -212 | surface        |          |         | ai   |               |
|      | treatment      |          |         | soln |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| **   |                |          |         |      |               |
| Agri |                |          |         |      |               |
| cult |                |          |         |      |               |
| ural |                |          |         |      |               |
| Prem |                |          |         |      |               |
| ises |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| Equ  |                |          |         |      |               |
| ipme |                |          |         |      |               |
| nt** |                |          |         |      |               |
|      |                |          |         |      |               |
|      |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | hatcheries,    | toilets, | mop,    |      | As needed     |
| 4-80 | swine/         | urinals, | wipe,   |      |               |
|      | poultry/turkey | portable | spray,  |      |               |
|      | farms, egg     | toilets, | im      |      |               |
|      | receiving      | floors,  | mersion |      |               |
|      | area, egg      | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      | holding area,  | c        |         |      |               |
|      | setter room,   | eilings, |         |      |               |
|      | tray dumping   | feed     |         |      |               |
|      | area, chick    | racks,   |         |      |               |
|      | holding room,  | mangers, |         |      |               |
|      | poultry        | troughs, |         |      |               |
|      | buildings,     | a        |         |      |               |
|      | dressing       | utomatic |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | fee      |         |      |               |
|      | farrowing      | ders/fou |         |      |               |
|      | barns and      | ntains/w |         |      |               |
|      | areas, blocks, | aterers, |         |      |               |
|      | creep areas,   | other    |         |      |               |
|      | chick holding  | feeding  |         |      |               |
|      | area, hatchery | and      |         |      |               |
|      | room, chick    | watering |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | app      |         |      |               |
|      | area, and      | liances, |         |      |               |
|      | chick loading  | halters, |         |      |               |
|      | area           | ropes    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | types of |         |      |               |
|      |                | e        |         |      |               |
|      |                | quipment |         |      |               |
|      |                | used in  |         |      |               |
|      |                | handling |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | res      |         |      |               |
|      |                | training |         |      |               |
|      |                | animals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | as well  |         |      |               |
|      |                | as       |         |      |               |
|      |                | forks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shovels, |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | scrapers |         |      |               |
|      |                | used for |         |      |               |
|      |                | removing |         |      |               |
|      |                | litter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | manure,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | blocks,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chutes,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | inc      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ubators, |         |      |               |
|      |                | h        |         |      |               |
|      |                | atchers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | hatchery rooms |          | fogging | B    | As needed     |
| 4-81 |                |          |         | lend |               |
|      |                |          |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | incubators and |          | fogging | B    | Every 12 hrs  |
| 4-81 | hatchers       |          |         | lend |               |
|      |                |          |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Mushroom Farm  | br       | mop,    | B    | As needed     |
| 0324 |                | eezeways | wipe    | lend |               |
| -108 |                | and      |         | with |               |
|      |                | track    |         | A    |               |
|      |                | alleys   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | before   |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | pawning, |         |      |               |
|      |                | inside   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls of |         |      |               |
|      |                | mushroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | houses,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | lofts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | sheds    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | casing   |         |      |               |
|      |                | rings    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Mushroom Farm  | br       | cloth,  | B    | As needed     |
| -167 |                | eezeways | mop,    | lend |               |
|      |                | and      | sponge, | with |               |
|      |                | track    | spray,  | A    |               |
|      |                | alleys   | im      | DBAC |               |
|      |                | before   | mersion |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | pawning, |         |      |               |
|      |                | inside   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls of |         |      |               |
|      |                | mushroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | houses,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | lofts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | sheds    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | casing   |         |      |               |
|      |                | rings    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Mushroom Farm  | wa       | im      | B    | As needed     |
| -167 |                | terproof | mersion | lend |               |
|      |                | footwear | (shoe   | with |               |
|      |                |          | bath)   | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Citrus Farm    | trucks,  | spray,  | Ci   | As needed     |
| -167 |                | v        | dip,    | trus |               |
|      |                | ehicles, | brush   | can  |               |
|      |                | eq       |         | ker, |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         | B    |               |
|      |                | t        |         | lend |               |
|      |                | railers, |         | with |               |
|      |                | field    |         | A    |               |
|      |                | ha       |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | rvesting |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | cargo    |         |      |               |
|      |                | area,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | wheels,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tires,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | under    |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | arriage, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hood,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | roof,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | fenders  |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Animal housing | boots    | im      | B    | As needed     |
| 0324 | facilities     | and      | mersion | lend |               |
| -117 |                | shoes    |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | F              | flower   | Mo      | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | lorists/flower | buckets, | p/wipe, | lend |               |
|      | shops,         | coolers, | cloth,  | with |               |
|      | greenhouses,   | floors   | brush,  | A    |               |
|      | shippers,      | and      | sponge, | DBAC |               |
|      | packing areas  | walls of | sprayer |      |               |
|      |                | coolers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | design   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | packing  |         |      |               |
|      |                | benches, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| ***2 | ***            | ***or    | **      | *    | ** **         |
| 41-7 | Greenhouses*** | namental | *spray, | * ** |               |
| 4*** |                | plants - | dr      |      |               |
|      |                | plant    | ench*** |      |               |
|      |                | regu     |         |      |               |
|      |                | lator*** |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *greenhouse/   | *work    | *imm    | *B   | As needed     |
| 499- | nursuries*     | tables,  | ersion, | lend |               |
| 482* |                | benches, | spray,  | with |               |
|      |                | pots,    | brush*  | AD   |               |
|      |                | flats    |         | BAC* |               |
|      |                | ,knives, |         |      |               |
|      |                | pruning  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tools,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | plant    |         |      |               |
|      |                | con      |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | tr       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ansplant |         |      |               |
|      |                | trays,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hanging  |         |      |               |
|      |                | baskets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tray/    |         |      |               |
|      |                | pot      |         |      |               |
|      |                | holders, |         |      |               |
|      |                | water    |         |      |               |
|      |                | col      |         |      |               |
|      |                | lectors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | w        |         |      |               |
|      |                | alkways, |         |      |               |
|      |                | windows* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *farms*        | *fish    | *imm    |      | As needed     |
| 4881 |                | aq       | ersion, |      |               |
| 5-1* |                | uariums, | brush,  |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   | mop or  |      |               |
|      |                | fish     | cloth*  |      |               |
|      |                | handling |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | nets,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | seines,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | traps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | filter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | pumps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | air      |         |      |               |
|      |                | di       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ffusers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shipping |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | feeding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | r        |         |      |               |
|      |                | aceways, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | holding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | lava     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tories.* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    |                |          |         |      |               |
| *Res |                |          |         |      |               |
| iden |                |          |         |      |               |
| tial |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| Pu   |                |          |         |      |               |
| blic |                |          |         |      |               |
| Ac   |                |          |         |      |               |
| cess |                |          |         |      |               |
| Pr   |                |          |         |      |               |
| emis |                |          |         |      |               |
| es** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Homes          | floors,  | mop,    | D    | As needed     |
| 0324 |                | walls,   | wipe,   | isin |               |
| -134 |                | windows, | (       | fect |               |
|      |                | toilets, | cloth), | H    |               |
|      |                | b        | spray   | eavy |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         | Duty |               |
|      |                | shower   |         | Clea |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         | ning |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | door/    |         |      |               |
|      |                | curtain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | mirrors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | restroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | do       |         |      |               |
|      |                | orknobs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | Cou      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ntertops |         |      |               |
|      |                | (kitc    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hen/food |         |      |               |
|      |                | prep);   |         |      |               |
|      |                | Internal |         |      |               |
|      |                | (e       |         |      |               |
|      |                | xternal) |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
|      |                | of       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ap       |         |      |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
|      |                | (refri   |         |      |               |
|      |                | gerator, |         |      |               |
|      |                | mi       |         |      |               |
|      |                | crowave, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | reezer); |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tovetop; |         |      |               |
|      |                | table    |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces; |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Home           | floors,  | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -175 |                | walls,   | wip     | lend |               |
|      |                | metal    | e/spray | with |               |
|      |                | s        |         | A    |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | homes          | Carpets  | Rotary  | B    | 300-500 sq    |
| 0324 |                |          | Floor   | lend | ft/gal        |
| -108 |                |          | Machine | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 357  | home           | F        | Spray   |      | As Needed     |
| 3-69 |                | urniture | (fabric |      |               |
|      |                | uph      | san     |      |               |
|      |                | olstery, | itizer) |      |               |
|      |                | window   |         |      |               |
|      |                | tre      |         |      |               |
|      |                | atments, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | lothing, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plush    |         |      |               |
|      |                | toys,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shoes/s  |         |      |               |
|      |                | neakers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | children |         |      |               |
|      |                | mat      |         |      |               |
|      |                | tresses, |         |      |               |
|      |                | pet bed, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sports   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bag/eq   |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | carpet   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *homes, mobile | *floors, | *spray  | *pot |               |
| 3573 | home, car,     | walls,   | (disi   | able |               |
| -69* | campgrounds,   | toilets, | nfect)* | r    |               |
|      | trailer,       | urinals, |         | inse |               |
|      | camper, boat*  | ba       |         | for  |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         | chi  |               |
|      |                | b        |         | dren |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         | toys |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | and  |               |
|      |                | coun     |         | food |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         | cont |               |
|      |                | shower   |         | act* |               |
|      |                | doors/c  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urtains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | seats,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linen    |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hampers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | exercise |         |      |               |
|      |                | equip    |         |      |               |
|      |                | ment,cat |         |      |               |
|      |                | litter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bidets,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | diaper   |         |      |               |
|      |                | changing |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | toys,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | high     |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fo       |         |      |               |
|      |                | untains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ynthetic |         |      |               |
|      |                | marbel,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linoleum |         |      |               |
|      |                | , sealed |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | m        |         |      |               |
|      |                | icrowave |         |      |               |
|      |                | oven     |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marlite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | laundry  |         |      |               |
|      |                | h        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ampers,* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Homes          | cooking  | Im      | B    | As needed     |
| 0324 |                | u        | mersion | lend |               |
| -117 |                | tensils; |         | with |               |
|      |                | coo      |         | A    |               |
|      |                | lers/ice |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | chest;   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cups;    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cutlery; |         |      |               |
|      |                | dishes;  |         |      |               |
|      |                | eating   |         |      |               |
|      |                | u        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tensils; |         |      |               |
|      |                | g        |         |      |               |
|      |                | lassware |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1836 | campgrounds,   | floors,  | cloth,  | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | playgrounds,   | walls,   | mop,    | lend |               |
|      | Public         | toilets, | sponge, | with |               |
|      | facilites,     | urinals, | spray   | A    |               |
|      | mobile homes,  | ba       |         | DBAC |               |
|      | cars, campers, | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      | trailers,      | b        |         |      |               |
|      | trucks         | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | doors/c  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urtains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | seats,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linen    |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hampers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | exercise |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | automobi |         |      |               |
|      |                | le/truck |         |      |               |
|      |                | in       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | metal,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel.   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marble,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | painted  |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood     |         |      |               |
|      |                | work,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | Formica, |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | uph      |         |      |               |
|      |                | olstery, |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plated   |         |      |               |
|      |                | fixtures |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | homes          | water    | pour    |      | As needed     |
| 0324 |                | softners |         |      |               |
| -117 |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | reverse  |         |      |               |
|      |                | osmosis  |         |      |               |
|      |                | units    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *homes*        | *be      | *cloth, |      | As needed     |
| 6718 |                | dframes, | mop,    |      |               |
| -24* |                | tables,  | spray*  |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | homes          | c        | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -178 |                | ounters, | wip     | lend |               |
|      |                | st       | e/spray | with |               |
|      |                | ovetops, |         | A    |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | mic      |         |      |               |
|      |                | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerator |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | app      |         |      |               |
|      |                | liances, |         |      |               |
|      |                | finished |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | exterior |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bowl     |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trash    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tubs,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ba       |         |      |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | closets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | phones,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | car      |         |      |               |
|      |                | in       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | mputers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hand     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | switch   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plates,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urinals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cribs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | changing |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | patio    |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | dining   |         |      |               |
|      |                | room     |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *homes*        | *fish    | *imm    |      | As needed     |
| 4881 |                | aq       | ersion, |      |               |
| 5-1* |                | uariums, | brush,  |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   | mop or  |      |               |
|      |                | fish     | cloth*  |      |               |
|      |                | handling |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | nets,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | seines,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | traps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | filter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | pumps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | air      |         |      |               |
|      |                | di       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ffusers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shipping |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | feeding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | r        |         |      |               |
|      |                | aceways, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | holding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | lava     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tories.* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *homes*        | *air     | *spray, | *    | 6 months      |
| 0324 |                | ducts*   | bru     | odor |               |
| -80* |                |          | sh,mop, | cau  |               |
|      |                |          | wipe,   | sing |               |
|      |                |          | ULV or  | b    |               |
|      |                |          | mist    | acte |               |
|      |                |          | gene    | ria, |               |
|      |                |          | rating, | fu   |               |
|      |                |          | au      | ngi* |               |
|      |                |          | tomated |      |               |
|      |                |          | spray*  |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    |                |          |         |      |               |
| *Med |                |          |         |      |               |
| ical |                |          |         |      |               |
| Prem |                |          |         |      |               |
| ises |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| Equ  |                |          |         |      |               |
| ipme |                |          |         |      |               |
| nt** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Hospitals,     | floors,  | Wipe,   | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | Health Care    | walls,   | mop,    | lend |               |
|      | facilities,    | toilets, | (       | with |               |
|      | Medical/Dental | urinals, | cloth), | A    |               |
|      | offices,       | lav      | swab,   | DBAC |               |
|      | Nursing homes, | atories, | brush,  |      |               |
|      | operating      | ba       | spray   |      |               |
|      | rooms, patient | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      | care           | bathing  |         |      |               |
|      | facilities,    | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      | clinics,       | b        |         |      |               |
|      | isolation      | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      | wards, medical | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      | research       | sink     |         |      |               |
|      | facilities,    | tops,    |         |      |               |
|      | autopsy rooms, | shower   |         |      |               |
|      | ICU areas,     | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      | recovery       | shower   |         |      |               |
|      | anesthesia,    | doors/c  |         |      |               |
|      | emergency      | urtains, |         |      |               |
|      | rooms, X-ray   | mirrors, |         |      |               |
|      | cat labs,      | ul       |         |      |               |
|      | newborn        | trasonic |         |      |               |
|      | nurseries,     | bath,    |         |      |               |
|      | orthopedics,   | whi      |         |      |               |
|      | respiratory    | rlpools, |         |      |               |
|      | therapy, acute | foot     |         |      |               |
|      | care           | baths,   |         |      |               |
|      | institutions,  | coun     |         |      |               |
|      | alternate care | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      | institutions,  | c        |         |      |               |
|      | healthcare     | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      | institutions,  | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      | Funeral Homes, | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      | mortuaries     | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hospital |         |      |               |
|      |                | beds,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | traction |         |      |               |
|      |                | devices, |         |      |               |
|      |                | MRI,     |         |      |               |
|      |                | CAT,     |         |      |               |
|      |                | e        |         |      |               |
|      |                | xamining |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | scales,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | paddles, |         |      |               |
|      |                | whee     |         |      |               |
|      |                | lchairs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | lifts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | wheel    |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pai      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ls/cans, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | metal,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel.   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marble,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | painted  |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood     |         |      |               |
|      |                | work,    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | Nurseries      | Floors,  | mop,    | B    | As needed     |
| 4-81 |                | walls,   | wipe    | lend |               |
|      |                | cou      | (cloth) | with |               |
|      |                | ntertops |         | A    |               |
|      |                | (non-k   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | itchen), |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks    |         |      |               |
|      |                | (ba      |         |      |               |
|      |                | throom), |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | external |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
|      |                | of       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ap       |         |      |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Medical        | floors,  | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -175 | Institutions,  | walls,   | wip     | lend |               |
|      | Hospitals, and | metal    | e/spray | with |               |
|      | Nursing Homes  | s        |         | A    |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | hospitals,     | floors,  | mop,    | D    | As needed     |
| 0324 | medical/dental | walls,   | wipe,   | isin |               |
| -134 | offices,       | windows, | (       | fect |               |
|      | nursing homes  | toilets, | cloth), | H    |               |
|      |                | b        | spray   | eavy |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         | Duty |               |
|      |                | shower   |         | Clea |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         | ning |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | door/    |         |      |               |
|      |                | curtain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | mirrors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | restroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | do       |         |      |               |
|      |                | orknobs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | table    |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces; |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | nursing homes  | floors,  | p       | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | and hospitals  | walls,   | ortable | lend |               |
|      |                | windows, | ext     | with |               |
|      |                | toilets, | raction | A    |               |
|      |                | b        | units,  | DBAC |               |
|      |                | athtubs, | truck   |      |               |
|      |                | shower   | mounted |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  | ext     |      |               |
|      |                | shower   | raction |      |               |
|      |                | door/    | ma      |      |               |
|      |                | curtain, | chines, |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   | rotary  |      |               |
|      |                | mirrors, | floor   |      |               |
|      |                | restroom | ma      |      |               |
|      |                | f        | chines, |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, | m       |      |               |
|      |                | c        | etered, |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, | spray   |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | do       |         |      |               |
|      |                | orknobs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | cou      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ntertops |         |      |               |
|      |                | (kitc    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hen/food |         |      |               |
|      |                | prep);   |         |      |               |
|      |                | Internal |         |      |               |
|      |                | external |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
|      |                | of       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ap       |         |      |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
|      |                | (refri   |         |      |               |
|      |                | gerator, |         |      |               |
|      |                | mi       |         |      |               |
|      |                | crowave, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | reezer); |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tovetop, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *hospitals,    | *be      | *cloth, |      | As needed     |
| 6718 | nursing homes* | dframes, | mop,    |      |               |
| -24* |                | tables,  | spray*  |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | hospitals,     | c        | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -178 | day-care       | ounters, | wipe    | lend |               |
|      | facilities,    | st       |         | with |               |
|      | sick rooms     | ovetops, |         | A    |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | mic      |         |      |               |
|      |                | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerator |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | app      |         |      |               |
|      |                | liances, |         |      |               |
|      |                | finished |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | exterior |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bowl     |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trash    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tubs,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ba       |         |      |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | closets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | phones,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | car      |         |      |               |
|      |                | in       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | mputers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hand     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | switch   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plates,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urinals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cribs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | changing |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Morgues and    | human    | sponge, | B    | As needed     |
| -173 | Funeral homes  | remains  | wash    | lend |               |
|      |                |          | cloth,  | with |               |
|      |                |          | soft    | A    |               |
|      |                |          | brush   | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *hospitals,    | *air     | *spray, | *    | 6 months      |
| 0324 | nursing homes* | ducts*   | bru     | odor |               |
| -80* |                |          | sh,mop, | cau  |               |
|      |                |          | wipe,   | sing |               |
|      |                |          | ULV or  | b    |               |
|      |                |          | mist    | acte |               |
|      |                |          | gene    | ria, |               |
|      |                |          | rating, | fu   |               |
|      |                |          | au      | ngi* |               |
|      |                |          | tomated |      |               |
|      |                |          | spray*  |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    |                |          |         |      |               |
| *Com |                |          |         |      |               |
| merc |                |          |         |      |               |
| ial, |                |          |         |      |               |
| In   |                |          |         |      |               |
| stit |                |          |         |      |               |
| utio |                |          |         |      |               |
| nal, |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| In   |                |          |         |      |               |
| dust |                |          |         |      |               |
| rial |                |          |         |      |               |
| prem |                |          |         |      |               |
| ises |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| equ  |                |          |         |      |               |
| ipme |                |          |         |      |               |
| nt** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Athleti        | floors,  | mop,    | D    | As needed     |
| 0324 | c/recreational | walls,   | wipe,   | isin |               |
| -134 | facilities,    | windows, | (       | fect |               |
|      | exercise       | toilets, | cloth), | H    |               |
|      | facilities,    | b        | spray   | eavy |               |
|      | schools,       | athtubs, |         | Duty |               |
|      | colleges,      | shower   |         | Clea |               |
|      | dressing       | stalls,  |         | ning |               |
|      | rooms,         | shower   |         |      |               |
|      | transportation | door/    |         |      |               |
|      | terminals,     | curtain, |         |      |               |
|      | institutions   | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | mirrors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | restroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | do       |         |      |               |
|      |                | orknobs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plated   |         |      |               |
|      |                | intakes, |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | cou      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ntertops |         |      |               |
|      |                | (kitc    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hen/food |         |      |               |
|      |                | prep);   |         |      |               |
|      |                | Internal |         |      |               |
|      |                | (e       |         |      |               |
|      |                | xternal) |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
|      |                | of       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ap       |         |      |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
|      |                | (refri   |         |      |               |
|      |                | gerator, |         |      |               |
|      |                | mi       |         |      |               |
|      |                | crowave, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | reezer); |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tovetop; |         |      |               |
|      |                | table    |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces; |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Athleti        | floors,  | cloth,  | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | c/recreational | walls,   | mop,    | lend |               |
|      | facilities,    | toilets, | sponge, | with |               |
|      | exercise       | urinals, | spray   | A    |               |
|      | facilites,     | ba       |         | DBAC |               |
|      | locker rooms,  | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      | dressing       | b        |         |      |               |
|      | rooms,         | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      | schools,       | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      | colleges,      | coun     |         |      |               |
|      | transportation | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      | terminals,     | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | doors/c  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urtains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | seats,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | metal,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel.   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marble,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | painted  |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood     |         |      |               |
|      |                | work,    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | motels,        | carpets  | p       | Clea | As needed     |
| -167 | hotels,        |          | ortable | ning |               |
|      | schools        |          | ext     | C    |               |
|      |                |          | raction | laim |               |
|      |                |          | units,  | B    |               |
|      |                |          | truck   | lend |               |
|      |                |          | mounted | with |               |
|      |                |          | ext     | A    |               |
|      |                |          | raction | DBAC |               |
|      |                |          | ma      |      |               |
|      |                |          | chines, |      |               |
|      |                |          | rotary  |      |               |
|      |                |          | floor   |      |               |
|      |                |          | ma      |      |               |
|      |                |          | chines, |      |               |
|      |                |          | m       |      |               |
|      |                |          | etered, |      |               |
|      |                |          | spray   |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Hotels and     | floors,  | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -175 | schools        | walls,   | wip     | lend |               |
|      |                | metal    | e/spray | with |               |
|      |                | s        |         | A    |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 683  | Barber and     | Barber/  | im      | B    | As needed     |
| 6-78 | Beauty Salons  | Beauty   | mersion | lend |               |
|      |                | Ins      |         | with |               |
|      |                | truments |         | A    |               |
|      |                | and      |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | Tools    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Barber and     | c        | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -178 | Beauty Salons, | ounters, | wipe    | lend |               |
|      | Health clubs,  | sinks,   |         | with |               |
|      | hotels,        | walls,   |         | A    |               |
|      | motels,        | finished |         | DBAC |               |
|      | emergency      | wood,    |         |      |               |
|      | vehicles,      | c        |         |      |               |
|      | transportation | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      | terminals,     | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      | correctional   | exterior |         |      |               |
|      | facilities,    | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      | factories,     | bowl     |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trash    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tubs,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ba       |         |      |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | closets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | phones,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | car      |         |      |               |
|      |                | in       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | mputers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hand     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | switch   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plates,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urinals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | commercial     | flower   | cloth,  | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | florists       | buckets, | mop,    | lend |               |
|      |                | coolers, | sponge, | with |               |
|      |                | floors   | spray   | A    |               |
|      |                | and      |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | walls of |         |      |               |
|      |                | coolers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | design   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | packing  |         |      |               |
|      |                | benches, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *Hotels,       | *floors, | *spray  | *pot |               |
| 3573 | dorms,         | walls,   | (disi   | able |               |
| -69* | convenience    | toilets, | nfect)* | r    |               |
|      | stores,        | urinals, |         | inse |               |
|      | recreational   | ba       |         | for  |               |
|      | centers,       | throoms, |         | ch   |               |
|      | offices,       | b        |         | idre |               |
|      | motels,*       | athtubs, |         | n\'s |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | toys |               |
|      |                | coun     |         | and  |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         | food |               |
|      |                | shower   |         | con  |               |
|      |                | doors/c  |         | tact |               |
|      |                | urtains, |         | s    |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         | urfa |               |
|      |                | seats,   |         | ces* |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linen    |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hampers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | exercise |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | bidets,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fo       |         |      |               |
|      |                | untains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ynthetic |         |      |               |
|      |                | marble,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linoleum |         |      |               |
|      |                | , sealed |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | m        |         |      |               |
|      |                | icrowave |         |      |               |
|      |                | oven     |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marlite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | laundry  |         |      |               |
|      |                | h        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ampers,* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *Commercial    | *c       | *pour   | *per | 2wk protect   |
| 677- | and            | lothing* | at      | 10   | 3wk protect   |
| 109* | institutional  |          | final   | 0lbs | 30dy protect  |
|      | laundry mats*  |          | rinse   | fa   |               |
|      |                |          | or sour | bric |               |
|      |                |          | to      | dry  |               |
|      |                |          | wa      | wt*  |               |
|      |                |          | shweel* |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *industry and  | *be      | *cloth, |      | As needed     |
| 6718 | schools*       | dframes, | mop,    |      |               |
| -24* |                | tables,  | spray*  |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *Schools,      | *fish    | *imm    |      | As needed     |
| 4881 | Institutional, | aq       | ersion, |      |               |
| 5-1* | and            | uariums, | brush,  |      |               |
|      | Industrial*    | tanks,   | mop or  |      |               |
|      |                | fish     | cloth*  |      |               |
|      |                | handling |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | nets,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | seines,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | traps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | filter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | pumps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | air      |         |      |               |
|      |                | di       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ffusers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shipping |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | feeding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | r        |         |      |               |
|      |                | aceways, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | holding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | lava     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tories.* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *              | *air     | *spray, | *    | 6 months      |
| 0324 | Institutional, | ducts*   | bru     | odor |               |
| -80* | Industrial     |          | sh,mop, | cau  |               |
|      | premise,       |          | wipe,   | sing |               |
|      | school,        |          | ULV or  | b    |               |
|      | restaurant*    |          | mist    | acte |               |
|      |                |          | gene    | ria, |               |
|      |                |          | rating, | fu   |               |
|      |                |          | au      | ngi* |               |
|      |                |          | tomated |      |               |
|      |                |          | spray*  |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| **   |                |          |         |      |               |
| Food |                |          |         |      |               |
| Hand |                |          |         |      |               |
| ling |                |          |         |      |               |
| /Sto |                |          |         |      |               |
| rage |                |          |         |      |               |
| Es   |                |          |         |      |               |
| tabl |                |          |         |      |               |
| ishm |                |          |         |      |               |
| ents |                |          |         |      |               |
| prem |                |          |         |      |               |
| ises |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| equ  |                |          |         |      |               |
| ipme |                |          |         |      |               |
| nt** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Restaurants,   | floors,  | cloth,  |      | As needed     |
| -152 | food service   | walls,   | mop,    |      |               |
|      | e              | coun     | spray,  |      |               |
|      | stablishments, | tertops, | flood,  |      |               |
|      | food           | ap       | imm     |      |               |
|      | processing     | pliances | ersion, |      |               |
|      | plan           | (mic     |         |      |               |
|      | ts/facilities, | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      | beverage       | refrig   |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | erators, |         |      |               |
|      | plants, Bars,  | stove    |         |      |               |
|      | Cafeterias,    | tops,    |         |      |               |
|      | Convenience    | f        |         |      |               |
|      | stores,        | reezers, |         |      |               |
|      | supermarkets,  | c        |         |      |               |
|      | Dairies, Egg   | oolers), |         |      |               |
|      | Processing     | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      | Federally      | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      | inspected meat | picnic   |         |      |               |
|      | and poultry    | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      | plants , Food  | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      | Handling       | fu       |         |      |               |
|      | areas, Food    | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      | preparation    | racks,   |         |      |               |
|      | areas, Food    | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      | storage areas, | tel      |         |      |               |
|      | Institutional  | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      | kitchens, USDA | door     |         |      |               |
|      | inspected food | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | storage  |         |      |               |
|      | facilities,    | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      | breweries,     | potato   |         |      |               |
|      | fast food      | storage  |         |      |               |
|      | operations     | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | food     |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cutting  |         |      |               |
|      |                | boards,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | exhaust  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerator |         |      |               |
|      |                | bins,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerated |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | /display |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | coils    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | drain    |         |      |               |
|      |                | pans of  |         |      |               |
|      |                | air      |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | nditioni |         |      |               |
|      |                | ng/refri |         |      |               |
|      |                | geration |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | heat     |         |      |               |
|      |                | pumps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coolers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | ice      |         |      |               |
|      |                | chests,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | ca       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ns/pails |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Restaurants    | floors,  | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -175 |                | walls,   | spr     | lend |               |
|      |                | tables,  | ay/wipe | with |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         | A    |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | disposal |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | metal    |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | Dairies and    | floors,  | fogging | B    | As needed     |
| 4-81 | Food           | walls,   |         | lend |               |
|      | Processing     | metal    |         | with |               |
|      | Facilities     | s        |         | A    |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | bottling and   | floors,  | mop,    |      | As needed     |
| 0324 | beverage       | walls,   | wipe,   |      |               |
| -134 | plants,        | tables,  | (       |      |               |
|      | breweries,     | shelves, | cloth), |      |               |
|      | tobacco, egg   | garbage  | spray   |      |               |
|      | processing     | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      | meat/poultry   | disposal |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      | rendering      | po       |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      | fishery/milk/c | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      | itrus/wine/ice | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      | cream/ potato  | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | glass    |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | restaurants    |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Restaurants    | c        | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -178 |                | ounters, | wipe    | lend |               |
|      |                | st       |         | with |               |
|      |                | ovetops, |         | A    |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | mic      |         |      |               |
|      |                | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refri    |         |      |               |
|      |                | gerators |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | app      |         |      |               |
|      |                | liances, |         |      |               |
|      |                | finished |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | exterior |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bowl     |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trash    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tubs,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ba       |         |      |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | closets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | phones,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | mputers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hand     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | switch   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plates,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urinals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | dining   |         |      |               |
|      |                | room     |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | bottling and   | ice      | spray,  |      | As needed     |
| 0324 | beverage       | m        | wipe,   |      |               |
| -117 | plants,        | achines, | sponge, |      |               |
|      | breweries,     | water    | im      |      |               |
|      | tobacco, egg   | coolers, | mersion |      |               |
|      | processing     | c        |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | ounters, |         |      |               |
|      | meat/poultry   | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | food     |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | pr       |         |      |               |
|      | rendering      | ocessing |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | eq       |         |      |               |
|      | fishery/milk/c | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      | itrus/wine/ice | food     |         |      |               |
|      | cream/ potato  | u        |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | tensils, |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | dairy    |         |      |               |
|      | restaurants    | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | dishes,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | sil      |         |      |               |
|      |                | verware, |         |      |               |
|      |                | eating   |         |      |               |
|      |                | u        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tensils, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glasses, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ounters, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerated |         |      |               |
|      |                | /storage |         |      |               |
|      |                | display  |         |      |               |
|      |                | e        |         |      |               |
|      |                | quipment |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | bottling and   | water    | pour    |      | As needed     |
| 0324 | beverage       | softners |         |      |               |
| -117 | plants,        | and      |         |      |               |
|      | breweries,     | reverse  |         |      |               |
|      | tobacco, egg   | osmosis  |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | units    |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | meat/poultry   |          |         |      |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | rendering      |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | fishery/milk/c |          |         |      |               |
|      | itrus/wine/ice |          |         |      |               |
|      | cream/ potato  |          |         |      |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | bottling and   | boots    | im      | B    | As needed     |
| 0324 | beverage       | and      | mersion | lend |               |
| -117 | plants,        | shoes    |         | with |               |
|      | breweries,     |          |         | A    |               |
|      | tobacco, egg   |          |         | DBAC |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | meat/poultry   |          |         |      |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | rendering      |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | fishery/milk/c |          |         |      |               |
|      | itrus/wine/ice |          |         |      |               |
|      | cream/ potato  |          |         |      |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | dairies,       | floors,  | fogging | B    | As needed     |
| -173 | beverage, and  | walls,   |         | lend |               |
|      | food           | coun     |         | with |               |
|      | processing     | tertops, |         | A    |               |
|      | plants         | ap       |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
|      |                | (mic     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refrig   |         |      |               |
|      |                | erators, |         |      |               |
|      |                | stove    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tops,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | reezers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | oolers), |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | potato   |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | food     |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cutting  |         |      |               |
|      |                | boards,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | exhaust  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerator |         |      |               |
|      |                | bins,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerated |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | /display |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coolers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | ice      |         |      |               |
|      |                | chests,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | ca       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ns/pails |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *food          | *air     | *spray, | *    | 6 months      |
| 0324 | processing     | ducts*   | bru     | odor |               |
| -80* | plants, food   |          | sh,mop, | cau  |               |
|      | service areas, |          | wipe,   | sing |               |
|      | institutional  |          | ULV or  | b    |               |
|      | kitchens,      |          | mist    | acte |               |
|      | indus          |          | gene    | ria, |               |
|      | trial/hospital |          | rating, | fu   |               |
|      | caferias,      |          | au      | ngi* |               |
|      | school         |          | tomated |      |               |
|      | lunchrooms,    |          | spray*  |      |               |
|      | dairies, and   |          |         |      |               |
|      | packing        |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants*        |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| **C  |                |          |         |      |               |
| lean |                |          |         |      |               |
| /Deo |                |          |         |      |               |
| dori |                |          |         |      |               |
| zati |                |          |         |      |               |
| on** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Water/Smoke    | carpets, | Pour,   | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | restoration    | carpet   | brush,  | lend |               |
|      | (              | cushion, | spray   | with |               |
|      | institutional, | sub      |         | A    |               |
|      | industrial,    | floors,  |         | DBAC |               |
|      | hospital)      | drywall, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trim,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | farm     |         |      |               |
|      |                | lumber,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tackless |         |      |               |
|      |                | strip    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | paneling |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Sewer          | carpets, | spray   | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | backup/river   | carpet   |         | lend |               |
|      | flood cleanup, | cushion, |         | with |               |
|      | (clean water   | sub      |         | A    |               |
|      | source)        | floors,  |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | drywall, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trim,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | farm     |         |      |               |
|      |                | lumber,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tackless |         |      |               |
|      |                | strip    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | paneling |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | garbage        |          |         | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | storage areas, |          |         | lend |               |
|      | pet areas,     |          |         | with |               |
|      | garbage bins & |          |         | A    |               |
|      | cans           |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
|      |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *hospitals*    | *Medical | *pour*  | b    | Poured into   |
| 7181 |                | waste*   |         | lend | machine       |
| 4-1* |                |          |         | w/   |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435631 .anchor}**APPENDIX B: Summary of CMA and
PHED Data**

*[Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) Data:]{.underline}*

In response to an EPA Data Call-In Notice, a study was undertaken by the
Institute of Agricultural Medicine and Occupational Health of The
University of Iowa under contract to the Chemical Manufacturers
Association. In order to meet the requirements of Subdivision U of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines (superseded by Series 875.1000-875.1600
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines), handler exposure data are
required from the chemical manufacturer specifically registering the
antimicrobial pesticide. The applicator exposure study must comply with
the assessment guidelines for AApplicator Exposure Monitoring@ in
Subdivision U and the AOccupational and Residential Exposure Test
Guidelines@ in Series 875. For this purpose, CMA submitted a study on 28
February, 1990, entitled \"Antimicrobial Exposure Assessment Study
(amended on December 8, 1992)\" which was conducted by William
Popendorf, et al. It was evaluated and accepted by Occupational and
Residential Exposure Branch (OREB) of Health Effect Division (HED),
Office of Pesticides Program (OPP) of EPA in 1990. The purpose of this
CMA study was to characterize exposure to antimicrobial chemicals in
order to support pesticide reregistrations (CMA, 1992). The unit
exposures presented in the most recent EPA evaluation of the CMA
database (USEPA, 1999b) were used in this assessment.

The Agency determined that the CMA study had fulfilled the basic
requirements of Subdivision U - Applicator Exposure Monitoring. The
advantages of CMA data over other Asurrogate data sets@ is that the
chemicals and the job functions of mixer/loader/applicator were defined
based on common application methods used for antimicrobial pesticides. A
few of the deficiencies in the CMA data are noted below:

-   The inhalation concentrations were typically below the detection
    limits, so the unit exposures for the inhalation exposure route
    could not be accurately calculated.

-   QA/QC problems including lack of either/or field fortification,
    laboratory recoveries, and storage stability information.

-   Data have an insufficient amount of replicates.

*[The Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED):]{.underline}*

The Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED) has been developed by a
Task Force consisting of representatives from Health Canada, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the American Crop Protection
Association (ACPA). PHED provides generic pesticide worker (i.e.,
mixer/loader and applicator) exposure estimates. The dermal and
inhalation exposure estimates generated by PHED are based on actual
field monitoring data, which are reported generically (i.e., chemical
specific names not reported) in PHED. It has been the Agency=s policy to
use Asurrogate@ or Ageneric@ exposure data for pesticide applicators in
certain circumstances because it is believed that the physical
parameters (e.g., packaging type) or application technique (e.g.,
aerosol can), not the chemical properties of the pesticide, attribute to
exposure levels. \[Note: Vapor pressures for the chemicals in PHED are
in the range of E-5 to E-7 mm Hg.\] Chemical specific properties are
accounted for by correcting the exposure data for study specific field
and laboratory recovery values as specified by the PHED grading
criteria.

PHED handler exposure data are generally provided on a normalized basis
for use in exposure assessments. The most common method for normalizing
exposure is by pounds of active ingredient (ai) handled per replicate
(i.e., exposure in mg per replicate is divided by the amount of ai
handled in that particular replicate). These unit exposures are
expressed as mg/lb ai handled. This normalization method presumes that
dermal and inhalation exposures are linear based on the amount of active
ingredient handled.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435632 .anchor}**APPENDIX C: Input/Output from
Residential MCCEM Modeling**

**Humidifier**

MCCEM SUMMARY REPORT

TITLE: Humidifier - 8hrs - Adult

RUN Day Hour Min Length Days Hours Min Reporting

TIME Start: 0 0 0 of Run: 2 0 0 Interval: 60 minutes

HOUSE Type: Generic house State: NA Code: GN001

Season: SUMMER Zones: 2 Infiltration Rate: 0.18 ACH

EMISSIONS Source Zone Type Details

¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1 1 Constant Emission Rate = 0.895 g/hr

2

3

4

SINKS Sink Zone Model Details

¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1

2

3

4

5

6

ACTIVITIES Primary Activity Pattern is used on days: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

OVERRIDE ACTIVITIES: YES

DOSE

Events/yr: Yrs of Use: Weight(kg): 60 Length of Life(yrs):

MONTE CARLO: NO Number of Trials: 1 Seed No: Random

OPTIONS Single Chamber: YES Saturation Concentration (mg/m³): NONE
Output Concentration Units: mg/m³

Initial Concentrations Units: mg/m³

Zone 1: 0 Zone 2: 0 Zone 3: 0 Zone 4: 0 Outdoors: 0

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

RESULTS

¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

LADD: 0.011809 mg/(kg day)

LADC: 0.059043 mg/m³

ADD: 0.011809 mg/(kg day)

ADC: 0.059043 mg/m³

Single Event Dose: 258.79 mg

Peak Concentration: 12.191 mg/m³

APDR: 2.4298 mg/(kg day)

Time when APDR occurred: 1.9587 days

Average Inhalation Rate: 12 m³/day

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

MCCEM SUMMARY REPORT

TITLE: Humidifier - 8hrs - Child

RUN Day Hour Min Length Days Hours Min Reporting

TIME Start: 0 0 0 of Run: 2 0 0 Interval: 60 minutes

HOUSE Type: Generic house State: NA Code: GN001

Season: SUMMER Zones: 2 Infiltration Rate: 0.18 ACH

EMISSIONS Source Zone Type Details

¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1 1 Constant Emission Rate = 0.895 g/hr

2

3

4

SINKS Sink Zone Model Details

¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1

2

3

4

5

6

ACTIVITIES Primary Activity Pattern is used on days: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

OVERRIDE ACTIVITIES: YES

DOSE

Events/yr: Yrs of Use: Weight(kg): 15 Length of Life(yrs):

MONTE CARLO: NO Number of Trials: 1 Seed No: Random

OPTIONS Single Chamber: YES Saturation Concentration (mg/m³): NONE
Output Concentration Units: mg/m³

Initial Concentrations Units: mg/m³

Zone 1: 0 Zone 2: 0 Zone 3: 0 Zone 4: 0 Outdoors: 0

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

RESULTS

¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

LADD: 0.037787 mg/(kg day)

LADC: 0.059043 mg/m³

ADD: 0.037787 mg/(kg day)

ADC: 0.059043 mg/m³

Single Event Dose: 207.03 mg

Peak Concentration: 12.191 mg/m³

APDR: 7.7754 mg/(kg day)

Time when APDR occurred: 1.9587 days

Average Inhalation Rate: 9.6 m³/day

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Humidifier -                                        
  8hrs**                                                
  ---------------- ------- ----------- ---------------- ------------------------
  Time (days)      Time    Conc        Conc Zone 1      Conc@Person(mg/m³)
                   (hrs)   Outdoors    (mg/m³)          
                           (mg/m³)                      

  0                0       0           0                0

  0.0416667        1       7.59E-59    2.00763          2.00763

  0.0833334        2       2.87E-58    3.68471          3.68471

  0.125            3       6.10E-58    5.08566          5.08566

  0.166667         4       1.03E-57    6.25594          6.25594

  0.208334         5       1.52E-57    7.23354          7.23354

  0.25             6       2.09E-57    8.05018          8.05018

  0.291667         7       2.70E-57    8.73237          8.73237

  0.333334         8       3.36E-57    9.30223          9.30223

  0.375            9       4.07E-57    9.77826          9.77826

  0.416667         10      4.80E-57    10.1759          10.1759

  0.458334         11      5.56E-57    10.5081          10.5081

  0.5              12      6.34E-57    10.7856          10.7856

  0.541667         13      7.14E-57    11.0174          11.0174

  0.583334         14      7.96E-57    11.211           11.211

  0.625            15      8.78E-57    11.3728          11.3728

  0.666667         16      9.62E-57    11.5079          11.5079

  0.708334         17      1.05E-56    11.6208          11.6208

  0.750001         18      1.13E-56    11.7151          11.7151

  0.791667         19      1.22E-56    11.7938          11.7938

  0.833334         20      1.31E-56    11.8596          11.8596

  0.875001         21      1.39E-56    11.9146          11.9146

  0.916667         22      1.48E-56    11.9605          11.9605

  0.958334         23      1.57E-56    11.9989          11.9989

  1                24      1.66E-56    12.0309          12.0309

  1.04167          25      1.75E-56    12.0577          12.0577

  1.08333          26      1.83E-56    12.08            12.08

  1.125            27      1.92E-56    12.0987          12.0987

  1.16667          28      2.01E-56    12.1143          12.1143

  1.20833          29      2.10E-56    12.1273          12.1273

  1.25             30      2.19E-56    12.1382          12.1382

  1.29167          31      2.28E-56    12.1473          12.1473

  1.33333          32      2.37E-56    12.1549          12.1549

  1.375            33      2.46E-56    12.1613          12.1613

  1.41667          34      2.55E-56    12.1666          12.1666

  1.45833          35      2.64E-56    12.171           12.171

  1.5              36      2.73E-56    12.1747          12.1747

  1.54167          37      2.81E-56    12.1778          12.1778

  1.58333          38      2.90E-56    12.1804          12.1804

  1.625            39      2.99E-56    12.1825          12.1825

  1.66667          40      3.08E-56    12.1843          12.1843

  1.70833          41      3.17E-56    12.1858          12.1858

  1.75             42      3.26E-56    12.1871          12.1871

  1.79167          43      3.35E-56    12.1881          12.1881

  1.83333          44      3.44E-56    12.189           12.189

  1.875            45      3.53E-56    12.1897          12.1897

  1.91667          46      3.62E-56    12.1904          12.1904

  1.95833          47      3.71E-56    12.1909          12.1909

  2                48      3.80E-56    12.1883          12.1883

  **Adults**                                            

  8 hr exposure                                         5.59
  duration                                              
  concentration (0                                      
  to 8 hr)                                              

  Time (hr)                                             8

  Body Weight (kg)                                      60

  Inhalation                                            0.50
  (m^3^/hr)                                             

  Dose (mg/kg/day)                                      0.373

  NOAEL                                                 10
  (mg/kg/day)                                           

  MOE                                                   **27**

  **Children**                                          

  8 hr exposure                                         5.59
  duration                                              
  concentration (0                                      
  to 8 hr)                                              

  Time (hr)                                             8

  Body Weight (kg)                                      15

  Inhalation                                            0.40
  (m^3^/hr)                                             

  Dose (mg/kg/day)                                      1.19

  NOAEL                                                 10
  (mg/kg/day)                                           

  MOE                                                   **8.4**
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MCCEM SUMMARY REPORT

TITLE: Humidifier - 24hrs - Adult

RUN Day Hour Min Length Days Hours Min Reporting

TIME Start: 0 0 0 of Run: 2 0 0 Interval: 60 minutes

HOUSE Type: Generic house State: NA Code: GN001

Season: SUMMER Zones: 2 Infiltration Rate: 0.18 ACH

EMISSIONS Source Zone Type Details

¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1 1 Constant Emission Rate = 0.895 g/hr

2

3

4

SINKS Sink Zone Model Details

¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1

2

3

4

5

6

ACTIVITIES Primary Activity Pattern is used on days: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

OVERRIDE ACTIVITIES: YES

DOSE

Events/yr: Yrs of Use: Weight(kg): 60 Length of Life(yrs):

MONTE CARLO: NO Number of Trials: 1 Seed No: Random

OPTIONS Single Chamber: YES Saturation Concentration (mg/m³): NONE
Output Concentration Units: mg/m³

Initial Concentrations Units: mg/m³

Zone 1: 0 Zone 2: 0 Zone 3: 0 Zone 4: 0 Outdoors: 0

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

RESULTS

¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

LADD: 0.013088 mg/(kg day)

LADC: 0.059043 mg/m³

ADD: 0.013088 mg/(kg day)

ADC: 0.059043 mg/m³

Single Event Dose: 286.82 mg

Peak Concentration: 12.191 mg/m³

APDR: 2.6931 mg/(kg day)

Time when APDR occurred: 1.9587 days

Average Inhalation Rate: 13.3 m³/day

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

MCCEM SUMMARY REPORT

TITLE: Humidifier - 24hrs - Child

RUN Day Hour Min Length Days Hours Min Reporting

TIME Start: 0 0 0 of Run: 2 0 0 Interval: 60 minutes

HOUSE Type: Generic house State: NA Code: GN001

Season: SUMMER Zones: 2 Infiltration Rate: 0.18 ACH

EMISSIONS Source Zone Type Details

¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1 1 Constant Emission Rate = 0.895 g/hr

2

3

4

SINKS Sink Zone Model Details

¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1

2

3

4

5

6

ACTIVITIES Primary Activity Pattern is used on days: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

OVERRIDE ACTIVITIES: YES

DOSE

Events/yr: Yrs of Use: Weight(kg): 15 Length of Life(yrs):

MONTE CARLO: NO Number of Trials: 1 Seed No: Random

OPTIONS Single Chamber: YES Saturation Concentration (mg/m³): NONE
Output Concentration Units: mg/m³

Initial Concentrations Units: mg/m³

Zone 1: 0 Zone 2: 0 Zone 3: 0 Zone 4: 0 Outdoors: 0

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

RESULTS

¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

LADD: 0.03267 mg/(kg day)

LADC: 0.059043 mg/m³

ADD: 0.03267 mg/(kg day)

ADC: 0.059043 mg/m³

Single Event Dose: 178.99 mg

Peak Concentration: 12.191 mg/m³

APDR: 6.7225 mg/(kg day)

Time when APDR occurred: 1.9587 days

Average Inhalation Rate: 8.3 m³/day

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

  ---------------- ------- ---------- ---------------- ----------------------
  **Humidifier -                                       
  24hrs**                                              

  Time (days)      Time    Conc       Conc Zone 1      Conc@Person(mg/m³)
                   (hrs)   Outdoors   (mg/m³)          
                           (mg/m³)                     

  0                0       0          0                0

  0.041667         1       7.59E-59   2.00763          2.00763

  0.083333         2       2.87E-58   3.68471          3.68471

  0.125            3       6.10E-58   5.08566          5.08566

  0.166667         4       1.03E-57   6.25594          6.25594

  0.208334         5       1.52E-57   7.23354          7.23354

  0.25             6       2.09E-57   8.05018          8.05018

  0.291667         7       2.70E-57   8.73237          8.73237

  0.333334         8       3.36E-57   9.30223          9.30223

  0.375            9       4.07E-57   9.77826          9.77826

  0.416667         10      4.80E-57   10.1759          10.1759

  0.458334         11      5.56E-57   10.5081          10.5081

  0.5              12      6.34E-57   10.7856          10.7856

  0.541667         13      7.14E-57   11.0174          11.0174

  0.583334         14      7.96E-57   11.211           11.211

  0.625            15      8.78E-57   11.3728          11.3728

  0.666667         16      9.62E-57   11.5079          11.5079

  0.708334         17      1.05E-56   11.6208          11.6208

  0.750001         18      1.13E-56   11.7151          11.7151

  0.791667         19      1.22E-56   11.7938          11.7938

  0.833334         20      1.31E-56   11.8596          11.8596

  0.875001         21      1.39E-56   11.9146          11.9146

  0.916667         22      1.48E-56   11.9605          11.9605

  0.958334         23      1.57E-56   11.9989          11.9989

  1                24      1.66E-56   12.0309          12.0309

  1.04167          25      1.75E-56   12.0577          12.0577

  1.08333          26      1.83E-56   12.08            12.08

  1.125            27      1.92E-56   12.0987          12.0987

  1.16667          28      2.01E-56   12.1143          12.1143

  1.20833          29      2.10E-56   12.1273          12.1273

  1.25             30      2.19E-56   12.1382          12.1382

  1.29167          31      2.28E-56   12.1473          12.1473

  1.33333          32      2.37E-56   12.1549          12.1549

  1.375            33      2.46E-56   12.1613          12.1613

  1.41667          34      2.55E-56   12.1666          12.1666

  1.45833          35      2.64E-56   12.171           12.171

  1.5              36      2.73E-56   12.1747          12.1747

  1.54167          37      2.81E-56   12.1778          12.1778

  1.58333          38      2.90E-56   12.1804          12.1804

  1.625            39      2.99E-56   12.1825          12.1825

  1.66667          40      3.08E-56   12.1843          12.1843

  1.70833          41      3.17E-56   12.1858          12.1858

  1.75             42      3.26E-56   12.1871          12.1871

  1.79167          43      3.35E-56   12.1881          12.1881

  1.83333          44      3.44E-56   12.189           12.189

  1.875            45      3.53E-56   12.1897          12.1897

  1.91667          46      3.62E-56   12.1904          12.1904

  1.95833          47      3.71E-56   12.1909          12.1909

  2                48      3.80E-56   12.1883          12.1883

  **Adult**                                            

  24 hr exposure                                       12.2
  duration                                             
  concentration                                        
  (24 to 48 hr)                                        

  Time (hr)                                            8

  Body Weight (kg)                                     60

  Inhalation                                           0.55
  (m^3^/hr)                                            

  Dose (mg/kg/day)                                     0.90

  NOAEL                                                10
  (mg/kg/day)                                          

  MOE                                                  **11.1**

  **Child**                                            

  24 hr exposure                                       12.2
  duration                                             
  concentration                                        
  (24 to 48 hr)                                        

  Time (hr)                                            8

  Body Weight (kg)                                     15

  Inhalation                                           0.36
  (m^3^/hr)                                            

  Dose (mg/kg/day)                                     2.32

  NOAEL                                                10
  (mg/kg/day)                                          

  MOE                                                  **4.3**
  ---------------- ------- ---------- ---------------- ----------------------

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435633 .anchor}**APPENDIX D: Input/Output from
Occupational MCCEM Modeling**

**Food Processing Plant and Hatchery**

MCCEM SUMMARY REPORT

TITLE: Food Processing

RUN Day Hour Min Length Days Hours Min Reporting

TIME Start: 0 0 0 of Run: 2 0 0 Interval: 60 minutes

HOUSE Type: Hypothetical house State: NA Code: HY06

Season: NA Zones: 1 Infiltration Rate: 0.18 ACH

EMISSIONS Source Zone Type Details

¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1

2

3

4

SINKS Sink Zone Model Details

¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1

2

3

4

5

6

ACTIVITIES Primary Activity Pattern is used on days: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

OVERRIDE ACTIVITIES: YES

DOSE

Events/yr: Yrs of Use: Weight(kg): 60 Length of Life(yrs):

MONTE CARLO: NO Number of Trials: 1 Seed No: Random

OPTIONS Single Chamber: YES Saturation Concentration (mg/m³): NONE
Output Concentration Units: mg/m³

Initial Concentrations Units: g/m³

Zone 1: 0.0258 Zone 2: 0 Zone 3: 0 Zone 4: 0 Outdoors: 0

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

RESULTS

¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

LADD: 0.0065343 mg/(kg day)

LADC: 0.016336 mg/m³

ADD: 0.0065344 mg/(kg day)

ADC: 0.016336 mg/m³

Single Event Dose: 143.2 mg

Peak Concentration: 25.761 mg/m³

APDR: 2.3554 mg/(kg day)

Time when APDR occurred: 1.0003 days

Average Inhalation Rate: 24 m³/day

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Food                                                
  Processing**                                          
  --------------- ------- ----------- ----------------- -----------------------
  Time (days)     Time    Conc        Conc Zone 1       Conc@Person(mg/m³)
                  (hrs)   Outdoors    (mg/m³)           
                          (mg/m³)                       

  0               0       0           25.8              0

  0.0416667       1       6.38E-55    21.55             21.55

  0.0833334       2       1.17E-54    18                18

  0.125           3       1.61E-54    15.0349           15.0349

  0.166667        4       1.99E-54    12.5582           12.5582

  0.208334        5       2.30E-54    10.4895           10.4895

  0.25            6       2.56E-54    8.76156           8.76156

  0.291667        7       2.77E-54    7.31827           7.31827

  0.333334        8       2.95E-54    6.11273           6.11273

  0.375           9       3.10E-54    5.10578           5.10578

  0.416667        10      3.23E-54    4.26471           4.26471

  0.458334        11      3.34E-54    3.56218           3.56218

  0.5             12      3.42E-54    2.97538           2.97538

  0.541667        13      3.50E-54    2.48525           2.48525

  0.583334        14      3.56E-54    2.07585           2.07585

  0.625           15      3.61E-54    1.7339            1.7339

  0.666667        16      3.65E-54    1.44827           1.44827

  0.708334        17      3.69E-54    1.2097            1.2097

  0.750001        18      3.72E-54    1.01043           1.01043

  0.791667        19      3.74E-54    0.843979          0.843979

  0.833334        20      3.76E-54    0.70495           0.70495

  0.875001        21      3.78E-54    0.588824          0.588824

  0.916667        22      3.80E-54    0.491827          0.491827

  0.958334        23      3.81E-54    0.410808          0.410808

  1               24      3.82E-54    0.343136          0.343136

  1.04167         25      3.83E-54    0.286611          0.286611

  1.08333         26      3.83E-54    0.239398          0.239398

  1.125           27      3.84E-54    0.199962          0.199962

  1.16667         28      3.84E-54    0.167022          0.167022

  1.20833         29      3.85E-54    0.139509          0.139509

  1.25            30      3.85E-54    0.116527          0.116527

  1.29167         31      3.86E-54    0.0973318         0.0973318

  1.33333         32      3.86E-54    0.0812983         0.0812983

  1.375           33      3.86E-54    0.067906          0.067906

  1.41667         34      3.86E-54    0.0567199         0.0567199

  1.45833         35      3.86E-54    0.0473764         0.0473764

  1.5             36      3.86E-54    0.0395721         0.0395721

  1.54167         37      3.87E-54    0.0330534         0.0330534

  1.58333         38      3.87E-54    0.0276085         0.0276085

  1.625           39      3.87E-54    0.0230606         0.0230606

  1.66667         40      3.87E-54    0.0192618         0.0192618

  1.70833         41      3.87E-54    0.0160888         0.0160888

  1.75            42      3.87E-54    0.0134385         0.0134385

  1.79167         43      3.87E-54    0.0112248         0.0112248

  1.83333         44      3.87E-54    0.0093757         0.0093757

  1.875           45      3.87E-54    0.0078313         0.0078313

  1.91667         46      3.87E-54    0.0065412         0.0065412

  1.95833         47      3.87E-54    0.0054637         0.0054637

  2               48      3.87E-54    0.0045637         0.0045637

  **2-hr Reentry                                        
  Interval**                                            

  8 hr exposure                                         9.74
  duration                                              
  concentration                                         
  (2 to 10 hr)                                          

  Time (hr)                                             8

  Body Weight                                           60
  (kg)                                                  

  Inhalation                                            1.25
  (m^3^/hr)                                             

  Dose                                                  1.62
  (mg/kg/day)                                           

  NOAEL                                                 10
  (mg/kg/day)                                           

  MOE                                                   **6.2**
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

MCCEM SUMMARY REPORT

TITLE: Hatchery

RUN Day Hour Min Length Days Hours Min Reporting

TIME Start: 0 0 0 of Run: 2 0 0 Interval: 60 minutes

HOUSE Type: Hypothetical house State: NA Code: HY07

Season: NA Zones: 1 Infiltration Rate: 4 ACH

EMISSIONS Source Zone Type Details

¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1

2

3

4

SINKS Sink Zone Model Details

¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

1

2

3

4

5

6

ACTIVITIES Primary Activity Pattern is used on days: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

OVERRIDE ACTIVITIES: YES

DOSE

Events/yr: Yrs of Use: Weight(kg): 60 Length of Life(yrs):

MONTE CARLO: NO Number of Trials: 1 Seed No: Random

OPTIONS Single Chamber: YES Saturation Concentration (mg/m³): NONE
Output Concentration Units: mg/m³

Initial Concentrations Units: g/m³

Zone 1: 0.301 Zone 2: 0 Zone 3: 0 Zone 4: 0 Outdoors: 0

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

RESULTS
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

LADD: 0.0033768 mg/(kg day)

LADC: 0.008442 mg/m³

ADD: 0.0033768 mg/(kg day)

ADC: 0.008442 mg/m³

Single Event Dose: 74.003 mg

Peak Concentration: 291.13 mg/m³

APDR: 1.2334 mg/(kg day)

Time when APDR occurred: 0.41701 days

Average Inhalation Rate: 24 m³/day

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

  ----------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------------------
  Hatchery                                             

  Time (days)       Time (hrs) Conc       Conc Zone 1  Conc@Person(mg/m³)
                               Outdoors   (mg/m³)      
                               (mg/m³)                 

  0                 0          0          301          0

  0.041667          1          4.43E-53   5.51299      5.51299

  0.083333          2          4.51E-53   0.100974     0.100974

  0.125             3          4.51E-53   0.001849     0.001849

  0.166667          4          4.52E-53   3.39E-05     3.39E-05

  0.208334          5          4.52E-53   6.20E-07     6.20E-07

  0.25              6          4.52E-53   1.14E-08     1.14E-08

  0.291667          7          4.52E-53   2.08E-10     2.08E-10

  0.333334          8          4.52E-53   3.81E-12     3.81E-12

  0.375             9          4.52E-53   6.98E-14     6.98E-14

  0.416667          10         4.52E-53   1.28E-15     1.28E-15

  0.458334          11         4.52E-53   2.34E-17     2.34E-17

  0.5               12         4.52E-53   4.29E-19     4.29E-19

  0.541667          13         4.52E-53   7.86E-21     7.86E-21

  0.583334          14         4.52E-53   1.44E-22     1.44E-22

  0.625             15         4.52E-53   2.64E-24     2.64E-24

  0.666667          16         4.52E-53   4.83E-26     4.83E-26

  0.708334          17         4.52E-53   8.84E-28     8.84E-28

  0.750001          18         4.52E-53   1.62E-29     1.62E-29

  0.791667          19         4.52E-53   2.97E-31     2.97E-31

  0.833334          20         4.52E-53   5.43E-33     5.43E-33

  0.875001          21         4.52E-53   9.95E-35     9.95E-35

  0.916667          22         4.52E-53   1.82E-36     1.82E-36

  0.958334          23         4.52E-53   3.34E-38     3.34E-38

  1                 24         4.52E-53   6.11E-40     6.11E-40

  1.04167           25         4.52E-53   1.12E-41     1.12E-41

  1.08333           26         4.52E-53   2.05E-43     2.05E-43

  1.125             27         4.52E-53   3.76E-45     3.76E-45

  1.16667           28         4.52E-53   6.88E-47     6.88E-47

  1.20833           29         4.52E-53   1.26E-48     1.26E-48

  1.25              30         4.52E-53   2.31E-50     2.31E-50

  1.29167           31         4.52E-53   4.68E-52     4.68E-52

  1.33333           32         4.52E-53   5.29E-53     5.29E-53

  1.375             33         4.52E-53   4.53E-53     4.53E-53

  1.41667           34         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.45833           35         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.5               36         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.54167           37         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.58333           38         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.625             39         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.66667           40         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.70833           41         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.75              42         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.79167           43         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.83333           44         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.875             45         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.91667           46         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  1.95833           47         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  2                 48         4.52E-53   4.52E-53     4.52E-53

  **0 hr Re-entry                                      
  Interval**                                           

  8 hr exposure                                        0.62
  duration                                             
  concentration (0                                     
  to 8 hr)                                             

  Time (hr)                                            8

  Body Weight (kg)                                     60

  Inhalation                                           1.00
  (m^3^/hr)                                            

  Dose (mg/kg/day)                                     0.083

  NOAEL (mg/kg/day)                                    10

  MOE                                                  **120**

  **2-hr Reentry                                       
  Interval**                                           

  8 hr exposure                                        0.0114
  duration                                             
  concentration (2                                     
  to 10 hr)                                            

  Time (hr)                                            8

  Body Weight (kg)                                     60

  Inhalation                                           1.00
  (m^3^/hr)                                            

  Dose (mg/kg/day)                                     0.0015

  NOAEL (mg/kg/day)                                    10

  MOE                                                  **6,562**
  ----------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------------------

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc125435634 .anchor}APPENDIX E: Calculation of DDAC
Unit Exposure Values

  ---------------- ----------- -------------------- ------------- ----------- -------------------- ------------- ----------- -------------------- ------------- ------------ -------------------- ------------- ----------- -------------------- -------------
  **Table E-1:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  DDAC Dermal and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
  Inhalation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  Exposure Values                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
  for Chemical                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Operators,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  Graders,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  Millwrights,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Clean-up Crews,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
  and Trim Saw                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Operators^a^**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  Replicate Number Chemical                                       Grader                                         Trim Saw                                       Millwright                                      Cleanup                          
                   Operator                                                                                      Operator                                                                                       Crew                             

                   Dermal      Inhalation                         Dermal      Inhalation                         Dermal      Inhalation                         Dermal       Inhalation                         Dermal      Inhalation           

                   Potential   Air                  Potential     Potential   Air                  Potential     Potential   Air                  Potential     Potential    Air                  Potential     Potential   Air                  Potential
                   exposure    Concentration^b,c^   exposure^d^   exposure    Concentration^b,c^   exposure^d^   exposure    Concentration^b,c^   exposure^d^   exposure     Concentration^b,c^   exposure^d^   exposure    Concentration^b,c^   exposure^d^
                   (mg)        (g/m^3^)            (mg)          (mg)        (g/m^3^)            (mg)          (mg)        (g/m^3^)            (mg)          (mg)         (g/m^3^)            (mg)          (mg)        (g/m^3^)            (mg)

  1                3.5         10.1                 0.0808        3.05        2.90                 0.0232        0.78        2.83                 0.0227        1.31         2.92                 0.0233        68.3        2.99145              0.0239

  2                6.11        2.80                 0.0224        7.47        2.93                 0.0234        1.98        12.3                 0.0984        29.08        2.83                 0.0226        0.720       2.78840              0.0223

  3                6.07        2.79                 0.0223        1.09        2.91                 0.0233                                                       8.03         15.6                 0.1248        166         30.3                 0.2424

  4                46.37       2.82                 0.0226        10.51       3.00                 0.0240                                                                                                       95.2        412                  3.2960

  5                0.94        2.93                 0.0235        0.61        2.82                 0.0226                                                                                                       1.20        2.83585              0.0227

  6                22.15       2.83                 0.0227        0.98        2.85                 0.0228                                                                                                       0.260       2.80989              0.0225

  7                21.45       2.77                 0.0222        2.63        2.91                 0.0233                                                                                                                                        

  8                0.22        2.73                 0.0218        5.23        2.85                 0.0228                                                                                                                                        

  9                0.44        2.77                 0.0222        0.19        13.20                0.1056                                                                                                                                        

  10               0.33        3.14                 0.0251        1.47        2.89                 0.0231                                                                                                                                        

  11               0.29        2.88                 0.0230        2.38        2.85                 0.0228                                                                                                                                        

  12                                                              4.09        2.81                 0.0225                                                                                                                                        

  13                                                              1.03        2.94                 0.0235                                                                                                                                        

  Arithmetic Mean  **9.81**    3.51                 **0.0281**    3.13        3.68                 **0.0295**    **1.38**    7.57                 **0.061**     **12.8**     7.12                 **0.057**     **55.3**    75.6                 **0.60**

  Minimum          0.22        2.73                 0.0218        0.19        2.81                 0.0225        0.78        2.83                 0.0227        1.31         2.83                 0.0226        0.260       2.79                 0.0223

  Maximum          46.4        10.1                 0.081         10.51       13.2                 0.106         1.98        12.3                 0.098         29.1         15.6                 0.125         166         412                  3.30
  ---------------- ----------- -------------------- ------------- ----------- -------------------- ------------- ----------- -------------------- ------------- ------------ -------------------- ------------- ----------- -------------------- -------------

a\. *"Measurement and Assessment of Dermal and Inhalation Exposures to
Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) Used in the Protection of Cut
Lumber (Phase III)"* is the study that values were obtained from for
this table (Bestari et al., 1999, MRID 455243-04).

b\. The inhalation LOD was not provided for chemical operators, graders,
trim saw operators, millwrights, or the clean-up crew. Therefore, the
LOD provided for the diptank operator (5.6 g) was used for these
positions. Residues less than the LOD were adjusted to 1/2 LOD.

c\. The inhalation limit of detection was converted to g/m^3^ using the
following equation: air concentration (g/m^3^) = 5.6 g/ \[average flow
rate (L/min) \* sampling duration (480 min) \* 1000 L/m^3^. Data was
obtained from Bestari et al (1999).

d\. DDAC air concentrations were converted to inhalation exposure using
the following equation: Air concentration (g/m^3^) x inhalation rate
(1.0 m^3^/hr) x Conversion factor (1 mg/1000 g) x sample duration (8
hours/day

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="12"><strong>Table E-2: Normalization of DDAC Dermal and
Inhalation Exposure Values for Diptank
Operators<sup>a</sup></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Worker ID</td>
<td>Mill number</td>
<td>Sample Time (min)</td>
<td><p>DDAC</p>
<p>Conc. in</p>
<p>Diptank</p>
<p>(%)</p></td>
<td>Gloves</td>
<td>Dermal Body Exposure<sup>b</sup> (mg)</td>
<td>Hand Exposure<sup>b</sup> (mg)</td>
<td>Total Dermal Exposure (mg)</td>
<td><p>Normalized Total Dermal Unit Exposure<sup>c</sup></p>
<p>(mg/ 1 % solution)</p></td>
<td>Air Conc.<sup>d</sup> (mg/m<sup>3</sup>)</td>
<td><blockquote>
<p>Inhalation Exposure<sup>e</sup> (mg)</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p>Normalized Inhalation Unit Exposure<sup>c</sup></p>
<p>(mg /1% solution)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>M7P1A</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>Rubber</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>3.44</td>
<td>3.94</td>
<td>6.16</td>
<td>0.003</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.0375</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>M7P1B</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>Rubber</td>
<td>0.32</td>
<td>2.02</td>
<td>2.34</td>
<td>3.66</td>
<td>0.003</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.0375</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>M8P4A</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>408</td>
<td>0.42</td>
<td>Rubber</td>
<td>0.04<sup>f</sup></td>
<td>1.34</td>
<td>1.38</td>
<td>3.29</td>
<td>0.003</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.057</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>M8P4B</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>0.42</td>
<td>Rubber</td>
<td>0.04<sup>f</sup></td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>1.29</td>
<td>0.003</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.057</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>M8P7</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>0.42</td>
<td>Cotton</td>
<td>0.03</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>0.07</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>0.003</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.057</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>M11P9A</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>395</td>
<td>0.63</td>
<td>Leather</td>
<td>0.15</td>
<td>3.33</td>
<td>3.48</td>
<td>5.52</td>
<td>0.003</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.0381</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>M11P9B</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>0.63</td>
<td>Leather</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>0.55</td>
<td>0.87</td>
<td>0.003</td>
<td>0.024</td>
<td>0.0381</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Arithmetic Mean</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>1.59</td>
<td>1.76</td>
<td><strong>2.99</strong></td>
<td>0.0030</td>
<td>0.0240</td>
<td><strong>0.046</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Standard Deviation</td>
<td>0.18</td>
<td>1.39</td>
<td>1.53</td>
<td>2.32</td>
<td>0.0000</td>
<td>0.0000</td>
<td>0.0103</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">Median</td>
<td>0.10</td>
<td>1.34</td>
<td>1.38</td>
<td>3.29</td>
<td>0.0030</td>
<td>0.0240</td>
<td>0.0381</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Geometric Mean</td>
<td>0.10</td>
<td>0.83</td>
<td>0.99</td>
<td>1.86</td>
<td>0.0030</td>
<td>0.0240</td>
<td>0.045</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="5">90%tile</td>
<td>0.39</td>
<td>3.37</td>
<td>3.66</td>
<td>5.78</td>
<td>0.0030</td>
<td>0.0240</td>
<td>0.057</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="5">Maximum</td>
<td>0.50</td>
<td>3.44</td>
<td>3.94</td>
<td>6.16</td>
<td>0.0030</td>
<td>0.0240</td>
<td>0.057</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

a\. *"Measurement and Assessment of Dermal and Inhalation Exposures to
Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) Used in the Protection of Cut
Lumber (Phase III)"* is the study that values were obtained from for
this table (Bestari et al., 1999, MRID 455243-04).

b\. DDAC concentration that was detected in the monitoring study (MRID
#455243-04).

c\. Normalization of DDAC data for percent ai treatment. Normalized Unit
Exposure (mg/1% ai solution) = Exposure (mg DDAC) / concentration in
diptank solution (% DDAC)

d\. All inhalation residues were \<LOD (5.6 g or 0.0056 mg/m3). 1/2 LOD
was used in all calculations (0.003 mg/m^3^). Air Concentration (mg/m3)
= 5.6 g / (\~2 L/min flow rate x \~480 min) x 1000 L/m^3^ conversion x
0.001 g/mg = 0.003 mg/m^3^

e\. Inhalation exposure (mg) = air concentration (mg/m3) x inhalation
rate (1.0 m^3^/hr) x sample duration (8 hours/day).

f\. Residues were \<LOD for dermal samples M8P4A, M8P4B. Sample size of
\~11,231 cm2 x \<0.007 ug/cm^2^ = LOD of 0.079 mg. 1/2 LOD reported
(i.e., 0.04 mg)