# Literature Survey for 

## Creation of a Set of Benchmark Experiments

**to Validate the LAHET Code System and MCNPX**

**Farzad Rahnema and Nolan Hertel**

# Co-Principal Investigators

**Nuclear Engineering and Health Physics Programs**

**G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering**

**Georgia Institute of Technology**

**February, 1999**

> The objective of this report is to present the results of the
> benchmark experiment

literature survey for the Accelerator Production of Tritium program. A
comprehensive search has been conducted to identify and collect
literature that is appropriate for benchmarking and validating the LAHET
Code System and MCNPX. Summaries for the literature reviewed are
presented in the following listings and tables.

A list of the technical journals and proceedings from conferences and
symposiums that have been reviewed is presented in Table 1. The journals
listed were systematically researched from the most recent issue back to
the earliest. Relevant conferences and symposiums are thoroughly
researched for useful experiments and references.

Following Table 1 is a list of all of the relevant literature that has
been located. The listing consists of 88 papers, which have been
reviewed for content and pertinent information. Detailed descriptions of
these papers are listed in Table 2, which includes information on target
geometry and composition, beam type and energy, measured and calculated
parameters, and codes used for any calculations.

Table1- Reviewed Literature

  ------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
  [No.]{.underline}   [Journal]{.underline}                    [Years]{.underline}   [Call
                                                                                     number]{.underline}

  1                   Annals of Nuclear Energy                 1980-1997             TK 9001 .A55

  2                   Nuclear Science and Engineering          1958-1997             QC 770 .N8

  3                   Nuclear Instruments and Methods in       1961-1983             QC 786 .N75
                      Physics and Research                                           

  4                   Nuclear Instruments and Methods in       1984-1997             QC 786 .N752x
                      Physics and Research (Section A)                               

  5                   Nuclear Instruments and Methods in       1984-1997             QC 786 .N753x
                      Physics and Research (Section B)                               

  6                   Radiation Measurements (nuclear track    1982-1997             QC 787 .N83 N8x
                      and radiation measurements)                                    

  7                   Radiation Research                       1980-1997             QC 770 .R3

  8                   Radiation Protection Dosimetry           1981-1997             QC 795.32 .R3 .R32x

  9                   Health Physics                           1980-1995             QH505 .A1 .H4

  10                  CERN                                     1980-1997             Q770 .E82

  11                  Nuclear Physics A                        1980-1997             QC173.N8838

  12                  Nuclear Physics B                        1996, 1997            QC173.N8839

  13                  Annals of Physics                        1997                  QC1.A72

  14                  Physical Report                          1997                  QC 1.P6563x

  15                  Physics Today                            1997                  QC 1.P658

  16                  Physics of Particles & Nuclei            1997                  QD793.F5913

  17                  Physics of Atomic Nuclei[^1]             1993-1997             QC173.I252x

  18                  Soviet Journal of Nuclear Physics        1980-1993             QC173.I252x

  19                  Physics Letters                          1997                  QC 1.P6561x

  20                  Physical Review A                        1981, 1997            QC 1.P42x

  21                  Physical Review B                        1981, 1997            QC 176.A1 P4x

  22                  Physical Review C                        1980-1997             QC 770.P45

  23                  Physical Review D                        1980-1997             QC 771.P4x

  24                  Physical Review Letters                  1997                  QC 1.P43

  25                  American Nuclear Society- Transactions   1980-1997             QC 770.A46x

  26                  Particle Accelerators                    1979-1990             QC 787.P3 P35

  27                  Proceedings from the Symposium on        1977                  
                      Neutron Cross-Sections From 10 to 40 MeV                       

  28                  Proceedings from the Symposium on        1980                  
                      Neutron Cross-Sections From 10 to 50 MeV                       

  29                  Nuclear Cross Section for Technology     1980                  
                      Proceedings                                                    

  30                  Health Physics of Radiation Generating   1987                  
                      Machines. Proceedings of the 20th mid                          
                      year topical symposium of the Health                           
                      Physics Society                                                

  31                  Proceedings from the First Annual        1994                  
                      Specialists' Meeting on Shielding                              
                      Aspects of Accelerators, Targets, and                          
                      Irradiation Facilities. (SATIF-1)                              

  32                  Proceedings from the Second Annual       1995                  
                      Specialists' Meeting on Shielding                              
                      Aspects of Accelerators, Targets, and                          
                      Irradiation Facilities. (SATIF-2)                              

  33                  Proceedings from the First Annual        1993                  
                      Specialists' Meeting on Simulating                             
                      Accelerator Radiation Environments                             
                      (SARE-1)                                                       

  34                  Proceedings from the International       1979-1995             
                      Collaboration on Advanced Neutron                              
                      Sources (ICANS 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12,                          
                      13)                                                            
  ------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------

[List of relevant literature.]{.underline}

1\. Gautan D. Badhwar, et al. "***Measurements of the Secondary Particle
Energy Spectra in the Space Shuttle***,"

*Radiation Measurements*, **24**, No.2, 129-138 (1995).

2a. J.V. Siebers, et al. "***Shielding Measurements for 230-MeV
Protons*,**" *Nucl. Sci. and Eng.* **115**, 13-23 (1993).

2b. J.V. Siebers, et al. "***Shielding Calculation for 230-MeV Protons
Using the LAHET Code System***," *Nucl. Sci. Eng*.,

**122**, 258-266 (1996).

3\. V.I. Belyakov-Bodin, et al. "***Heat Deposition in Targets Bombarded
by Medium-Energy Protons**,*" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth*.,

**A 335**, 30-36 (1993).

4\. T. A. Broome, et al. "***Particle Distribution Around a Copper Beam
Stop for 72 MeV Protons,***" *Health Phys*., **44**, No.5,

487-499 (1983).

5\. Claudio Birattari and Annalisa Salomone, "***Neutron Spectrum
Measurements at a 40 MeV Proton Cyclotron***,"

*Health Phys*., **49**, No. 5, 919-936, (1985).

6\. Toshio Ishikawa and Takashi Nakamura**,** "***Thermalization of
Accelerator-Produced Neutrons in a Concrete Room*,**"

*Health Phys*., **60**, No.2, 209-221 (1991).

7\. Lutz E. Moritz, "***Measurement of Neutron Leakage Spectra at a
500-MeV Proton Accelerator,***" *Health Phys*.,

**56**, No.3, 287-296 (1989).

8a. JAERI-Data/Code 96-029, "***Neutron Fluxes in and Around Iron Beam
Stop Irradiated by 500 MeV Protons.***"

8b. Yoshio Arakita, et al. "***Study of an Iron Beam Stop for 500 MeV
Protons.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth*. **164**, 255-265 (1979).

8c. Syuichi Ban, et al. "***Measurements of Secondary Neutron Fluxes
Around Beam Stop for 500 MeV Protons.***" *Nucl.*

*Instr. and Meth*. **184**, 409-412 (1981).

9\. V.I. Belyakov-Bodin, et al. "***Calorimetric Measurements of the
Spatial Component of Heat Deposition in Targets***

***from Beryllium, Carbon, and Aluminum Bombarded by Medium-Energy
Protons,***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth*., **A 379**,

50-56 (1996).

10\. V.I. Belyakov-Bodin, et al. "***Calorimetric Measurements of the
Spatial Component of Heat Deposition in Targets***

***from Lead and Bismuth Bombarded by Medium-Energy Protons,***" *Nucl.
Instr. and Meth*. **A 373**, 316-319 (1996).

11\. D. R. Nethaway, et al. "***Neutron Spectra from 30-MeV Deuterons on
a Thick Beryllium Target,***" Proceedings from the

Symposium on Neutron Cross-Sections From 10 to 40 MeV (1977).

12\. R. G. Graves, et al. "***Thick Target Neutron Yields From the d-Be
Reacction at E~d~=15.6, 29.9 and 49.0 MeV*,**" Proceedings

from the Symposium on Neutron Cross-Sections From 10 to 40 MeV (1977).

13\. C.E. Nelson, et al., "***Neutron Spectra from Deuteron and Proton
Bombardment of Thick Lithium Targets*,** "

Proceedings from the Symposium on Neutron Cross-Sections From 10 to 40
MeV (1977).

14\. S. Cierjacks, et al. "***Neutron Yields and spectra From 590 MeV
(p,n) Reactions on Lead Targets,***" Proceedings

from the Symposium on Neutron Cross-Sections From 10 to 50 MeV (1980).

15\. M.A. Lone and B.C. Robertson, "***Low Energy Neutron Emission from
Be(d,n) and Be(p,n) Reactions,***"

Proceedings from the Symposium on Neutron Cross-Sections From 10 to 50
MeV (1980).

16\. S. D. Howe, et al. "***Neutron Spectrum At 90^0^ From 800 MeV (p,n)
Reactions on a Ta Target,***" Nuclear Cross Section for

Technology Proceedings (1980).

17\. D.L. Johnson , et al. "***Thick Target Neutron Yields and Spectra
from the Li (d,xn) Reaction at 35 MeV,***"

Proceedings from the Symposium on Neutron Cross-Sections From 10 to 50
MeV (1980).

18\. J. S. Fraser, P.M. Garvey and J. C.D. Milton, "***Neutron
production in Thick Targets of Lead, Thorium and Uranium***

***Bombarded by 480 MeV protons*,**" Proceedings from the Symposium on
Neutron Cross-Sections from 10 to 50 MeV (1980).

19\. S.L. Eaton, C.A. Beard, and M.L. Adams, "***Comparison of LAHET
Code System Calculations with Experimental***

***Results for Protons of Energies Less than 50 MeV Incident on Copper
and Iron***," *Nucl. Sci. Eng*., **125**, 249 (1997).

20\. Toshio Ishikawa et al., "***Neutron Penetration Through Iron and
Concrete Shields with the Use of 22.0- and 32.5-MeV***

***Quasi-Monoenergetic Sources***," *Nucl. Sci. Eng*., **116**, 278
(1994).

21\. Yoshitomo Uwamino, "***Measurement of Neutron Activation Cross
Sections of Energy up to 40 MeV Using***

***Semimonoenergetic p-Be Neutrons***," *Nucl. Sci. Eng*., **111**, 391
(1992).

22a. Yoshitomo Uwamino et al., "***Penetration Through Shielding
Materials of Secondary Neutrons and Photons Generated***

***by 52-MeV Protons***," *Nucl. Sci. Eng*., **80**, 360 (1982).

22b. Kazuo Shin et al., "***Penetration of Secondary Neutrons and
Photons from a Graphite Assembly Exposed to 52-MeV***

***Protons***," *Nucl. Sci. Eng*., **71**, 294 (1979).

22c. Takashi Nakamura, et al. "***Spectral Measurements of Neutrons and
Photons from Thick Targets of C, Fe, Cu, and Pb***

***by 52 MeV Protons.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **151,** 493-503
(1978).

22d. Kazuo Shin, et al. "***Spectral Measurements of Neutrons Produced
by 52 MeV Protons with Activation Detectors.***"

*Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **187,** 587-594 (1981).

22e. Takashi Nakamura et al., "***Neutron Production from Thick Targets
of Carbon, Iron, Copper, and Lead by 30- and 52-***

***MeV Protons***," *Nucl. Sci. Eng*., **83**, 444 (1983).

23\. William W. Wadman III*, "**Shielding of Neutrons from 80-MeV
Alpha-Particle Bombardment of Tantalum***," *Nucl.*

*Sci. Eng*., **35**, 220 (1969).

24\. A.M. Kalend et al., "***Energy and Angular Distributions of
Neutrons from 90 MeV Protons and 140 MeV Alpha-***

***particle Bombardment of Nuclei***," *Phys. Rev*. **C 28**, 237
(1983).

25\. K. Shin, et al. "***Transmission of Medium Energy Neutrons Through
Concrete Shields.***" Rad. Prot. Dos. **37**, 175

(1991).

26a. Shun-ichi Tanaka and Takashi Nakamura, et al., "***Shielding
Experiments and Analysis at 90 Mv AVF Cyclotron***

***Facility, TIARA.***" (Quasi-monoenergetic neutron source) SATIF 1,
p.195 (1994).

26b. Shun-ichi Tanaka and Takashi Nakamura, et al., "***Shielding
Experiments and Analysis at 90 Mv AVF Cyclotron***

***Facility, TIARA.***" (Transmission through concrete and iron shields)
SATIF 1, p.195 (1994).

26c. Shun-ichi Tanaka and Takashi Nakamura, et al., "***Shielding
Experiments and Analysis at 90 Mv AVF Cyclotron***

***Facility, TIARA.***" (Cavity and Labyrinth Experiments) SATIF 1,
p.195 (1994).

27\. Y. Uwamino, et al., "***Study on Bulk Shielding of an 800-MeV
Proton Accelerator***." SATIF 1, p. 185 (1994).

28\. R. Michel, et al. "***Nuclide Production by Proton-Induced
Reactions on Elements (6 ≤ Z ≤ 29) in the Energy Range***

***from 800 to 2600 MeV.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth*., **B 103**,
183-222 (1995).

29\. Th. Schiekel, et al. "***Nuclide Production by Proton-Induced
Reactions on Elements (6 ≤ Z ≤ 29) in the Energy Range***

***from 200 to 400 MeV.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth*., **B 114**, 91-119
(1996).

30\. Kazuo Shin, et al. "***Transmission of Intermediate Energy Neutrons
and Associated Gamma Rays Through Iron, Lead,***

***Graphite, and Concrete Shields.***" *Nucl. Sci. Eng*. **109**,
380-390 (1991).

31\. R. Michel, et al. "***On the Depth Dependence of Spallation
Reactions in a Spherical Thick Diorite Target***

***Homogeneously Irradiated by 600 MeV Protons.***" *Nucl. Instr. and
Meth*. **B16**, 61-82 (1986).

32\. R.G. Vasil\'kov, et al. "***Neutron Yields and Thermal Neutron
Fluxes in a Lead-Water System Bombarded by High***

***Energy Protons.***" *Sov. At. Energy*, **25**, 1307 (1968).

33\. D. West and E. Wood. "***Neutron Yield from Protons and Deuterons
of Momenta between 0.85 and 1.7 GeV/c Totally***

***Absorbed in Lead.***" *Canadian Jour. Phys.*, **49**, 2061 (1971).

34a. M.A. Lone, et al. "***Total Neutron Yields from 100 MeV Protons on
Pb and ^7^Li Targets.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth*. **214**,

333-339 (1983).

34b. R.T. Jones, et al. "***Measured and Calculated Neutron Yields for
100 MeV Protons on Thick Targets of Pb and Li.***"

*ICANS-VI,* 583-603 (1982).

35\. D.K. Bewley, et al. "***New Neutron Sources for Radiotherapy.***"
*Phys. Med. Biol*., **29**, No. 4, 341-349 (1984).

36\. H.M. Butler, et al. "***Half-value Thicknesses of Ordinary Concrete
for Neutrons from Cyclotron Targets.***" *Health*

*Phys.*, **24**, 438-439 (1973).

37\. N.M.J. Crout, et al. "***Neutron Physics Studies Relating to Cancer
Therapy on the Clatterbridge Cyclotron.*** *Rad. Prot.*

*Dosi*., **23**, 381-384 (1988).

38\. W.E. Fisher, et al. "***On the Neutronics of SINQ, A Continuous
Spallation Neutron Source.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth*.,

**A249**, 116-122 (1986).

39\. C. B. Fulmer, et al. "***Radiation Leakage Through Thin Cyclotron
Shield Walls.***" *Particle Accelerators*, **4**, 63-68

(1972).

40\. K. Hayashi and T. Nakamura. "***Evaluation of Neutron Skyshine from
a Cyclotron.***" *Nucl. Sci. Eng*., **87**, 123-135

(1984).

41\. H. Conde, et al. "***Time of Flight Measurements of the Energy
Spectrum of Neutrons Emitted from a Spallation***

***Source and Moderated in Water.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth*. **A261**,
587-590 (1987).

42\. M.A. Lone, et al. "***Total Neutron Yield from 100 MeV Protons on
Cu, Fe, and Th.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth*. **A256**, 135-

142 (1987).

43\. H.A. O\'Brien. "***Utilization of an Intense Beam of 800 MeV
Protons to Prepare Radionuclides.***" *Nucl. Instr. and*

*Meth.*, **B40/41**, 1126-1131 (1989).

44\. Y. Uwamino, et al. "***Semi-Monoenergetic Neutron Field for
Activation Experiments up to 40 MeV.***" *Nucl. Instr. and*

*Meth.* **A271**, 546-552 (1988).

45\. Tatsushi Nakamoto, et al. "***Spallation Neutron Measurement by the
Time-of-Flight Method with a Short Flight Path.***"

*Jour. of Nucl. Sci. and Tech*., **32 (9)**, 827-833 (Sept. 1995).

46\. Y. Sakamoto, et al. "***Source Neutron Spectrum in Streaming
Experiment at TIARA.***" *JAERI Review,* **96-012 (6.5)**,

123-125.

47\. H. Takada, et al. "***Measurement and Analysis of Reaction Rate
Distribution on Thick Tungsten Target Surface for***

***0.895 and 1.21 GeV Proton Bombardment.***" *JAERI Review,* **97-011
(10.4),** 220-222.

48\. A. Mazal, et al. "***Shielding Measurements for a Proton Therapy
Beam of 200 MeV: Preliminary Results.***" *Rad.*

*Prot. Dos.,* **70 (1-4)**, 429-436 (1997).

49\. L.R. Veeser, et al. "***Neutrons Produced by 740-MeV Protons on
Uranium.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **117,** 509-512

(1974).

50\. B.M. Preedom, et al. "***The Response of Plastic Scintillator to
Stopping Protons in the Energy Range 70 to 100 MeV.***"

*Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **133**, 311-314 (1976).

51\. A. Fasso and M. Höfert. "***Distributions of Secondary Particles
Around Various Targets Exposed to 50 MeV Protons.***"

*Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **133**, 213-218 (1976).

52\. M.A. Lone, et al. "***Thick Target Neutron Yields and Spectral
Distributions from the ^7^Li (^d^~p~, n) and ^9^Be(^d^~p~,n)
Reactions.***"

*Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **143**, 331-344 (1977).

53\. C.A. Goulding and J.G. Rogers. "***Measurements and Calculations of
Reaction Losses of Medium-Energy Protons in***

***NaI Detectors.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **153,** 511-515 (1978).

54\. M.A. Lone, et al. "***Characteristics of Neutrons from Be Targets
Bombarded with Protons, Deuterons, and Alpha***

***Particles.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **189,** 515-523 (1981).

55\. H.H. Chen, et al. "***A Measurement of Stopped π^+^ Decays in a
Copper Beam Dump With Incident Protons of 720***

***MeV.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **160,** 393-405 (1979).

56\. B.N. Belyaev, et al. "***Isotope Effects in Fragment Yields in
Uranium Nuclear Fission Induced by Intermediate-Energy***

***Protons.***" *Phys. Atom. Nuc.,* **57,** 1163-1166 (1994).

57\. B.N Belyaev, et al. "***Measurement of the Yields of the Nuclear
Reaction Products with a Mass Spectrometer On-Line***

***with a Proton Accelerator at E~p~ = 1 GeV.***" *Sov. Jour. Nuc.
Phys.,* **24,** 617-619 (1977).

58\. M.M. Meier, et al. "***Neutron Yields from Stopping- and
Near-Stopping-Length Targets for 256-MeV Protons.***" *Nucl. Sci.*

*and Eng.,* **104,** 339-363 (1990).

59\. D.M. Drake, et al. "***Experimental Simulation of Martian Neutron
Leakage Spectra.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,* **A309,** 575-

580 (1991).

60\. Shin-ichiro Meigo, et al. "***Measurements of Spallation Neutrons
from a Thick Lead Target Bombarded with 0.5 and 1.5***

***GeV Protons.***" *ICANS-XIII*, T-2 (1995).

61a. T.O. Brun, et al. "***LAHET Code System/ CINDER\'90 Validation
Calculations and Comparison with Experimental***

***Data.***" *ICANS-XII,* T-26 (1993).

61b. J.S. Gilmore, et al. "***Fertile-to-Fissile and Fission
Measurements for Depleted Uranium and Thorium Bombarded by***

***800-MeV Protons.***" *Nucl. Sci. and Eng.*, **99,** 41-52 (1988).

61c. G.J. Russell, et al. "***Fertile-to-Fissile and Fission
Measurements for Depleted Uranium and Thorium Bombarded by***

***800-MeV Protons.***" *ICANS-V,* 621-639 (1981).

61d. V.I. Belyakov-Bodin, et al. "***Calorimetric Measurements of
Medium-Energy Protons Bombarding Beryllium, Carbon,***

***and Aluminum Targets.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.*, **A314,** 508-513
(1992).

61e. V.I. Belyakov-Bodin, et al. "***Calorimetric Measurements and Monte
Carlo Analyses of Medium-Energy Protons***

***Bombarding Lead and Bismuth Targets.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,*
**A295,** 140-146 (1990).

62\. W. Amian, et al. "***Measurements of the Spallation and Fission
Product Production for Depleted Uranium and Natural***

***Lead Targets Bombarded by 1100 MeV Protons.***" *ICANS-VI,* 551-570
(1982).

63\. G.S. Bauer, et al. "***How Much Thermal Neutron Flux is Gained
Using Deuterons Instead of Protons?***" *ICANS-VI,* 619-

627 (1982).

64\. S. Cierjacks, et al. "***High Energy Particle Spectra from
Spallation Targets.***" *ICANS-V,* 215-240 (1981).

65\. F. Raupp, et al. "***Neutron Production Yields and Spectra from 590
MeV Proton Bombardment of Thick Uranium***

***Targets.***" *ICANS-V,* 333-342 (1981).

66\. N.F. Peek, et al. "***Gamma-Ray Measurements of Isotopes Produced
by 1.1 GeV Protons on Lead and Uranium Targets.***"

*ICANS-V,* 355-375 (1981).

67\. G.S. Bauer, et al. "***Measurement of Time Structure and Thermal
Neutron Spectra for Various Target-Moderator-***

***Reflector Configurations of an Intensity-Modulated Spallation Neutron
Source.***" *ICANS-V*, 475-488 (1981).

68\. Y. Hino, et al. "***Measurement of the High Energy Component of the
Neutron Spectrum from a Moderated Source.***"

*ICANS-V*, 489-495 (1981).

69\. V. Drüke, et al. "***Measurements of Neutron Fluxes at Spallation
Source Models and Bare Targets.***" *ICANS-V,* 503-517

(1981).

70\. S.F. Mughabghab, M.S. Zucker. "***The Role of the Nuclear Level
Density in Spallation Neutron Studies.***" *Int. Conf. on the*

*Phys. of Nucl. Sci. and Tech.,* 1315-1319 (1998).

71\. S. Leray, et al. "***Spallation Neutron Studies at SATURNE.***"
*Int. Conf. on the Phys. of Nucl. Sci. and Tech.,* 1320-1326

(1998).

72\. J.P. Deffain, et al. "***Spallation Neutron Source for
Multi-Purpose Irradiations.***" *Int. Conf. on the Phys. of Nucl. Sci.
and*

*Tech.,* 1341-1348 (1998).

73\. H.J. Brede, et al. "***Neutron Yields from Thick Be Targets
Bombarded with Deuterons or Protons.***" *Nucl. Instr. and Meth.,*

**A274,** 332-344 (1989).

74\. M.M. Meier, et al. "***Differential Neutron Production Cross
Sections and Neutron Yields from Stopping-Length Targets***

***for 113-MeV Protons.***" *Nucl. Sci. and Eng.,* **102,** 310-321
(1989).

Table 2. Summary of relevant literatures.

+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | **[Paper        | **[Targe         | *     | **[Me   | **[C     |
| * | ]{.underline}** | t]{.underline}** | *[Inc | asured] | alculate |
| [ |                 |                  | ident | {.under | d]{.unde |
| N |                 |                  | Par   | line}** | rline}** |
| o |                 |                  | ticle |         |          |
| ] |                 |                  | ]{.un | **[Par  | **[Param |
| { |                 |                  | derli | ameter] | eter/Cod |
| . |                 |                  | ne}** | {.under | e]{.unde |
| u |                 |                  |       | line}** | rline}** |
| n |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| d |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| e |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| r |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| l |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| i |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| n |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| e |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| } |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| * |                 |                  |       |         |          |
| * |                 |                  |       |         |          |
+===+=================+==================+=======+=========+==========+
| * | Gautan D.       | Space shuttle    | Gal   | Energy  | Energy   |
| * | Badhwar et al.  | shielding        | actic | spectra | spectra  |
| 1 | "               |                  | C     | of      | of       |
| * | ***Measurements |                  | osmic | se      | s        |
| * | of the          |                  | Radi  | condary | econdary |
|   | Secondary       |                  | ation | pa      | p        |
|   | Particle Energy |                  |       | rticles | articles |
|   | Spectra in the  |                  |       | (p      | (        |
|   | Space           |                  |       | rotons, | protons, |
|   | Shuttle***,"    |                  |       | deu     | de       |
|   | Radiation       |                  |       | terons, | uterons, |
|   | Measurement,    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 24, No.2,       |                  |       | t       | tritons, |
|   | 129-138 (1995)  |                  |       | ritons, | He3,     |
|   |                 |                  |       | He3,    | He4)     |
|   |                 |                  |       | He4)    | produced |
|   |                 |                  |       | p       | by GCR   |
|   |                 |                  |       | roduced | HZETRN   |
|   |                 |                  |       | by GCR  |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | J.V. Siebers et | Al, iron, and    | Pr    | Energy  | Att      |
| * | al.             | lead             | otons | dep     | enuation |
| 2 | "***Shielding   |                  |       | osition | length   |
| a | Measurements    | (thick targets)  | 230   | spectra |          |
| * | for 230-MeV     |                  | MeV   | of      | HETC-DO  |
| * | Protons*,**"    |                  |       | neutron |          |
|   | Nucl. Sci. and  |                  |       | induced |          |
|   | Eng. 115, 13-23 |                  |       | inter   |          |
|   | (1993)          |                  |       | actions |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | at      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       |         |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | di      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | fferent |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | depths  |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | (a      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | bsorbed |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | dose    |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | and     |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | d       |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | ose-equ |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | ivalent |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | values) |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | J.V. Siebers et | Thick Iron       | Pr    | A       | Absorbed |
| * | al.             | target           | otons | bsorbed | dose,    |
| 2 | "***Shielding   |                  |       | dose,   | dose     |
| b | Calculations    | (75.1 mm long,   | 230   | dose    | equ      |
| * | for 230-MeV     | 116 mm diameter) | MeV   | equi    | ivalent, |
| * | Protons Using   |                  |       | valent, | att      |
|   | the LAHET Code  |                  |       | atte    | enuation |
|   | System***,"     |                  |       | nuation | pa       |
|   | Nucl. Sci.      |                  |       | par     | rameters |
|   | Eng., 122, 258  |                  |       | ameters |          |
|   | (1996)          |                  |       |         | LAHET    |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | J.V. Siebers et | Al, iron, and    | Pr    | Energy  | None     |
| * | al.             | lead             | otons | dep     |          |
| 2 | "***Measurement |                  |       | osition |          |
| c | of Neutron Dose | (thick targets)  | 230   | and     |          |
| * | Equivalent and  |                  | MeV   | spectra |          |
| * | Penetration in  |                  |       | of      |          |
|   | Concrete for    |                  |       | se      |          |
|   | 230 MeV Proton  |                  |       | condary |          |
|   | Bombardment of  |                  |       | n       |          |
|   | Al, Fe, and Pb  |                  |       | eutrons |          |
|   | Targets,***"    |                  |       | in      |          |
|   | Rad. Prot.      |                  |       | c       |          |
|   | Dos., 44,       |                  |       | oncrete |          |
|   | 247-251 (1992)  |                  |       | shield  |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | V.I.            | Iron and copper  | Pr    | Heat    | Heat     |
| * | Belyakov-Bodin  | (solid           | otons | dep     | de       |
| 3 | et al. "***Heat | cylindrical      |       | osition | position |
| * | Deposition in   | target)          | 0.8,  | in iron | in iron  |
| * | Targets         |                  | 1.0,  | and     | and      |
|   | Bombarded by    |                  | and   | copper  | copper   |
|   | Medium-Energy   |                  | 1.2   |         | (first   |
|   | Protons**,*"    |                  | GeV   |         | part of  |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    |                  |       |         | the      |
|   | and Meth., A    |                  |       |         | paper)   |
|   | 335, 30-36      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1993)          |                  |       |         | MARS10   |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | T. A. Broome et | Copper (thick    | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al.             | target)          | otons | yields  | spectrum |
| 4 | "***Particle    |                  |       | at      | using    |
| * | Distribution    |                  | 72    | di      | Monte    |
| * | Around a Copper |                  | MeV   | fferent | Carlo    |
|   | Beam Stop for   |                  |       | pro     |          |
|   | 72 MeV          |                  |       | duction | HETC     |
|   | Protons,***"    |                  |       | angles  |          |
|   | Health Phys.,   |                  |       | using   |          |
|   | 44, No. 5,      |                  |       | act     |          |
|   | 487-499 (1983)  |                  |       | ivation |          |
|   |                 |                  |       |         |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | m       |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | ethods. |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | Neutron |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | s       |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | pectrum |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Claudio         | 20mm-diameter    | Pr    | Neutron | None     |
| * | Birattari and   | -hemicylindrical | otons | spectra |          |
| 5 | Annalisa        | thick targets of |       |         |          |
| * | Salomone,       | Al (7mm), Fe     | 40    |         |          |
| * | "***Neutron     | (3mm), Cu (3mm), | MeV   |         |          |
|   | Spectrum        | Ta (2mm), and    |       |         |          |
|   | Measurements at | Stainless Steel  |       |         |          |
|   | a 40 MeV Proton | (3mm).           |       |         |          |
|   | Cyclotron***,"  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Health Phys.,   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 49, No. 5,      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 919-936, (1985) |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Toshio Ishikawa | 32-mm thick      | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | and Takashi     | copper beam      | otons | spectra | spectra  |
| 6 | Nakamura**,**   | stopper          |       | and its |          |
| * | "**             |                  | 30    | thermal | M        |
| * | *Thermalization |                  | MeV   | co      | ORSE-CG, |
|   | of              |                  |       | mponent | ANISN    |
|   | Accel           |                  |       |         |          |
|   | erator-Produced |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Neutrons in a   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Concrete        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Room*,**"       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Health Phys.,   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 60, No. 2,      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 209-221 (1991)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Lutz E. Moritz, | Liquid ^2^H (0.2 | Pr    | Neutron | None     |
| * | "***Measurement | m), Be (0.1 m)   | otons | spectra |          |
| 7 | of Neutron      |                  |       |         |          |
| * | Leakage Spectra |                  | 500   |         |          |
| * | at a 500-MeV    |                  | MeV   |         |          |
|   | Proton          |                  |       |         |          |
|   | A               |                  |       |         |          |
|   | ccelerator,***" |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Health Phys.,   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 56, No. 3,      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 287-296 (1989)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | JAERI-Data/Code | Iron             | Pr    | Sa      | None     |
| * | 96-029,         |                  | otons | turated |          |
| 8 | "***Neutron     |                  |       | a       |          |
| a | Fluxes in and   |                  | 500   | ctivity |          |
| * | Around Iron     |                  | MeV   |         |          |
| * | Beam Stop       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Irradiated by   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 500 MeV         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Yoshio Arakita, | 35 cm thick x    | Pr    | Distri  | Thick    |
| * | et al.          | \~30 cm wide x   | otons | butions | target   |
| 8 | "***Study of an | 30 cm tall iron  |       | of      | cross    |
| b | Iron Beam Stop  | beam stop        | 500   | induced | sections |
| * | for 500 MeV     |                  | MeV   | radion  | (see     |
| * | Protons.***"    |                  |       | uclides | T.W.     |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    |                  |       | and     | Ar       |
|   | and Meth. 164,  |                  |       | dose    | mstrong, |
|   | 255-265 (1979)  |                  |       | rate    | ***J.    |
|   |                 |                  |       | due to  | Geophys. |
|   |                 |                  |       | r       | Res.***  |
|   |                 |                  |       | esidual | 74, 1361 |
|   |                 |                  |       | act     | (1969))  |
|   |                 |                  |       | ivities |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | (       |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | derived |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | target  |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | cross   |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | se      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | ctions) |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Syuichi Ban, et | 40 cm thick x    | Pr    | Sa      | S        |
| * | al.             | (probably) \~30  | otons | turated | aturated |
| 8 | "               | cm wide x 30 cm  |       | acti    | act      |
| c | ***Measurements | tall iron beam   | 500   | vities, | ivities, |
| * | of Secondary    | stop             | MeV   | atte    | att      |
| * | Neutron Fluxes  |                  |       | nuation | enuation |
|   | Around Beam     |                  |       | l       | lengths, |
|   | Stop for 500    |                  |       | engths, | and      |
|   | MeV             |                  |       | and     | particle |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       | p       | flux     |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    |                  |       | article | d        |
|   | and Meth. 184,  |                  |       | flux    | ensities |
|   | 409-412 (1981)  |                  |       | de      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | nsities | NMTC     |
|   |                 |                  |       | at      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 0^o^,   |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 65^o^,  |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 80^o^,  |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 90^o^,  |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 100^o^  |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | V.I.            | several (20 cm   | Pr    | Heat    | None     |
| * | Belyakov-Bodin  | diameter, 2.5 cm | otons | dep     |          |
| 9 | et al.,         | thick) discs of  |       | osition |          |
| * | "               | Be, C, and Al    | 0.8,  |         |          |
| * | ***Calorimetric |                  | 1.0,  |         |          |
|   | Measurements of |                  | and   |         |          |
|   | the Spatial     |                  | 1.2   |         |          |
|   | Component of    |                  | GeV   |         |          |
|   | Heat Deposition |                  |       |         |          |
|   | in Targets from |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Beryllium,      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Carbon, and     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Aluminum        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Bombarded by    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Medium-Energy   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Protons,***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth., A    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 379, 50-56      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1996)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | V.I.            | several (20 cm   | Pr    | Heat    | None     |
| * | Belyakov-Bodin  | diameter, 2.5 cm | otons | dep     |          |
| 1 | et al.,         | thick ) discs of |       | osition |          |
| 0 | "               | Pb and Bi        | 0.8,  |         |          |
| * | ***Calorimetric |                  | 1.0,  |         |          |
| * | Measurements of |                  | and   |         |          |
|   | the Spatial     |                  | 1.2   |         |          |
|   | Component of    |                  | GeV   |         |          |
|   | Heat Deposition |                  |       |         |          |
|   | in Targets from |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Lead and        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Bismuth         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Bombarded by    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Medium-Energy   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Protons,***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth. A     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 373, 316-319    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1996)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | D. R. Nethaway, | Thick Be target  | Deut  | Neutron | None     |
| * | R. A. Van       |                  | erons | Spectra |          |
| 1 | Konynenburg,    |                  |       |         |          |
| 1 | and M. W.       |                  | 30    |         |          |
| * | Guinan,         |                  | MeV   |         |          |
| * | "***Neutron     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Spectra from    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 30-MeV          |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Deuterons on a  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Thick Beryllium |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Target,***"     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Symposium on    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Neutron         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Cross-Sections  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | From 10 to 40   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | MeV(1977)       |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | R. G. Graves,   | Thick Be target  | Deut  | Neutron | None     |
| * | J. B. Smathers, |                  | erons | Yield   |          |
| 1 | N. Hertel. V.A. |                  |       | measu   |          |
| 2 | Otte, P.R.      |                  | 15.6, | rements |          |
| * | Almond and W.   |                  | 29.9, |         |          |
| * | Grant,          |                  | and   |         |          |
|   | "***Thick       |                  | 49.0  |         |          |
|   | Target Neutron  |                  | MeV   |         |          |
|   | Yields from the |                  |       |         |          |
|   | d-Be Reacction  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | at E~d~=15.6,   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 29.9 and 49.0   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | MeV*,**"        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Symposium on    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Neutron         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Cross-Sections  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | From 10 to 40   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | MeV(1977)       |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | C.E. Nelson et  | Thick Li target  | Deut  | Neutron | None     |
| * | al.,            |                  | erons | spectra |          |
| 1 | "***Neutron     |                  |       | and     |          |
| 3 | Spectra from    |                  | 8,12, | yield   |          |
| * | Deuteron and    |                  | and   |         |          |
| * | Proton          |                  | 15    |         |          |
|   | Bombardment of  |                  | MeV   |         |          |
|   | Thick Lithium   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Targets*,**"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Symposium on    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Neutron         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Cross-Sections  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | From 10 to 40   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | MeV. (1977)     |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | S. Cierjacks,   | Thick Pb target  | Pr    | A       | Neutron  |
| * | et al.          | (10 cm diameter  | otons | bsolute | spectrum |
| 1 | "***Neutron     | x 60 cm long)    |       | meas    |          |
| 4 | Yields and      |                  | 590   | urement | HETC     |
| * | Spectra from    |                  | MeV   | of      |          |
| * | 590 MeV(p,n)    |                  |       | angular |          |
|   | Reactions on    |                  |       | de      |          |
|   | Lead            |                  |       | pendent |          |
|   | Targets,***"    |                  |       | p       |          |
|   | Symposium on    |                  |       | article |          |
|   | Neutron         |                  |       | (proton |          |
|   | Cross-Sections  |                  |       | and     |          |
|   | From 10 to 50   |                  |       | ne      |          |
|   | MeV. (1980)     |                  |       | utrons) |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | e       |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | mission |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | s       |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | pectra. |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | M.A. Lone and   | Thick Be target  | Deut  | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | B.C. Robertson, |                  | erons | yield,  | yield    |
| 1 | "***Low Energy  |                  | and   | neutron |          |
| 5 | Neutron         |                  | pro   | spectra |          |
| * | Emission from   |                  | tons, |         |          |
| * | Be(d,n) and     |                  | \~    |         |          |
|   | Be(p,n)         |                  | 14,   |         |          |
|   | Reactions,***"  |                  | 18,   |         |          |
|   | Symposium on    |                  | and   |         |          |
|   | Neutron         |                  | 22    |         |          |
|   | Cross-Sections  |                  | MeV,  |         |          |
|   | From 10 to 50   |                  | and   |         |          |
|   | MeV.(1980)      |                  | 12    |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | deut  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | erons |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | S. D. Howe, et  | Thick (1.27 cm   | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al.,            | radius x 15 cm   | otons | yield   | yield    |
| 1 | "***Neutron     | long)            |       | and     |          |
| 6 | Spectrum at     | cylindrical Ta   | 800   | spectra | NMTC     |
| * | 90^0^ From 800  | target           | MeV   |         |          |
| * | MeV(p,n)        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Reactions on a  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Ta Target,***"  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nuclear Cross   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Section for     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Technology      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1980)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | D.L. Johnson ,  | Thick Li target  | Deut  | Neutron | None     |
| * | et al.          |                  | erons | yields  |          |
| 1 | "***Thick       | (92.5% ^7^Li)    |       | and     |          |
| 7 | Target Neutron  |                  | 35    | spectra |          |
| * | Yields and      |                  | MeV   |         |          |
| * | Spectra from    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | the Li(d,xn)    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Reaction at 35  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | MeV,***"        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Symposium on    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Neutron         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Cross-Sections  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | From 10 to 50   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | MeV. (1980)     |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | J. S. Fraser,   | Cylindrical      | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | et al. "        | target of Pb,    | otons | capture | capture  |
| 1 | ***Neutron      | Th, depleted U,  |       | rates   | rates    |
| 8 | Production in   | UO~2~            | 480   |         | NMTC     |
| * | Thick Targets   |                  | MeV   |         |          |
| * | of Lead,        | (5 cm radius, 60 | beam  |         | ANISN    |
|   | Thorium and     | cm long; also    | impi  |         |          |
|   | Uranium         | some Pb of 10 cm | nging |         | MORSE    |
|   | Bombarded by    | radius)          | on    |         |          |
|   | 480 MeV         |                  | the   |         |          |
|   | Protons*,**"    |                  | ce    |         |          |
|   | Symposium on    |                  | ntral |         |          |
|   | Neutron         |                  | el    |         |          |
|   | Cross-Sections  |                  | ement |         |          |
|   | From 10 to 50   |                  | of    |         |          |
|   | MeV. (1980)     |                  | hexa  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | gonal |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | a     |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | rrays |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | of    |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | ta    |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | rgets |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | S.L. Eaton, et  | Copper           | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al.             |                  | otons | yield,  | yield,   |
| 1 | "***Comparison  | Iron             |       | energy  | energy   |
| 9 | of LAHET Code   |                  | E~p~  | and     | and      |
| * | System          |                  | ≤ 50  | angular | angular  |
| * | Calculations    |                  | MeV   | distr   | dist     |
|   | with            |                  |       | ibution | ribution |
|   | Experimental    |                  |       | of      | of       |
|   | Results for     |                  |       | ne      | n        |
|   | Protons of      |                  |       | utrons, | eutrons, |
|   | Energies Less   |                  |       | spa     | sp       |
|   | than 50 MeV     |                  |       | llation | allation |
|   | Incident on     |                  |       | p       | products |
|   | Copper and      |                  |       | roducts |          |
|   | Iron***," Nucl. |                  |       |         | LAHET    |
|   | Sci. Eng., 125, |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 249 (1997)      |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Toshio Ishikawa | Natural lithium, | Pr    | Spectra | Spectra  |
| * | et al.,         | 2 mm thick       | otons | of      | of       |
| 2 | "***Neutron     |                  |       | n       | neutrons |
| 0 | Penetration     |                  | 25    | eutrons | that     |
| * | Through Iron    |                  | and   | that    | p        |
| * | and Concrete    |                  | 35    | pe      | enetrate |
|   | Shields with    |                  | MeV   | netrate | shield   |
|   | the Use of      |                  |       | shield  |          |
|   | 22.0- and       |                  |       |         | MORSE-CG |
|   | 32.5-MeV        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Quas            |                  |       |         |          |
|   | i-Monoenergetic |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Sources***,"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Sci.      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Eng., 116, 278  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1994)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Yoshitomo       | Be, 1 mm and 2   | Pr    | N       | Neutrons |
| * | Uwamino,        | mm thick         | otons | eutrons | ac       |
| 2 | "***Measurement |                  |       | act     | tivation |
| 1 | of Neutron      |                  | 20-40 | ivation | cross    |
| * | Activation      |                  | MeV   | cross   | sections |
| * | Cross Sections  |                  |       | s       |          |
|   | of Energy up to |                  |       | ections | SAND-II  |
|   | 40 MeV Using    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Sem             |                  |       |         | NEUPAC   |
|   | i-monoenergetic |                  |       |         |          |
|   | p-Be            |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Neutrons***,"   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Sci.      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Eng., 111, 391  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1992)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Yoshitomo       | Graphite (2.14   | Pr    | Spectra | Spectra  |
| * | Uwamino et al., | cm thick)        | otons | of      | mea      |
| 2 | "***Penetration |                  |       | n       | surement |
| 2 | Through         |                  | 52    | eutrons |          |
| a | Shielding       |                  | MeV   | and     | MMCR-U   |
| * | Materials of    |                  |       | gammas  |          |
| * | Secondary       |                  |       | through | ANISN    |
|   | Neutrons and    |                  |       | gr      |          |
|   | Photons         |                  |       | aphite, | FERDO    |
|   | Generated by    |                  |       | iron,   |          |
|   | 52-MeV          |                  |       | co      |          |
|   | Protons***,"    |                  |       | ncrete, |          |
|   | Nucl. Sci.      |                  |       | and     |          |
|   | Eng., 80, 360   |                  |       | water   |          |
|   | (1982)          |                  |       | sh      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | ielding |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Kazuo Shin et   | Graphite (2.145  | Pr    | Spectra | Spectra  |
| * | al.,            | cm thick)        | otons | &       | &        |
| 2 | "***Penetration |                  |       | atte    | att      |
| 2 | of Secondary    |                  | 52    | nuation | enuation |
| b | Neutrons and    |                  | MeV   | of      | of       |
| * | Photons from a  |                  |       | n       | neutrons |
| * | Graphite        |                  |       | eutrons | &        |
|   | Assembly        |                  |       | &       | ga       |
|   | Exposed to      |                  |       | gam     | mma-rays |
|   | 52-MeV          |                  |       | ma-rays |          |
|   | Protons***,"    |                  |       |         | FERDO    |
|   | Nucl. Sci.      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Eng., 71, 294   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1979)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Takashi         | Thick targets of | Pr    | Energy  | Neutron  |
| * | Nakamura, et    | C (1, 3.05, 5.1, | otons | and     | and      |
| 2 | al.             | 8.2, 13.3, and   |       | angular | photon   |
| 2 | "***Spectral    | 21.45 mm thick,  | 52    | distri  | energy   |
| c | Measurements of | 1.7g/cm^3^       | MeV   | butions | spectra  |
| * | Neutrons and    | density), Fe     |       | of      |          |
| * | Photons from    | (6.0 mm and 7.86 |       | se      | FERDO    |
|   | Thick Targets   | g/cm^3^), Cu     |       | condary |          |
|   | of C, Fe, Cu,   | (8.2 mm and 8.93 |       | n       |          |
|   | and Pb***       | g/cm^3^), and Pb |       | eutrons |          |
|   |                 | (10.0 mm and     |       | and     |          |
|   | ***by 52 MeV    | 11.34 cm^3^)     |       | photons |          |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       | at      |          |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  |       | 0^o^,   |          |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  |       | 15^o^,  |          |
|   | **151,**        |                  |       | 30^o^,  |          |
|   | 493-503 (1978)  |                  |       | 45^o^,  |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | and     |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 75^o^   |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Kazuo Shin, et  | Thick targets of | Pr    | Neutron | Ac       |
| * | al.             | C (21.5 mm thick | otons | spectra | tivation |
| 2 | "***Spectral    | and 1.7 g/cm^3^  |       |         | rates    |
| 2 | Measurements of | density), Al     | 52    |         |          |
| d | Neutrons        | (18.0 mm and     | MeV   |         | SAND2    |
| * | Produced by 52  | 2.69 g/cm^3^),   |       |         |          |
| * | MeV Protons     | and Pb (10.0 mm  |       |         |          |
|   | with Activation | and 11.34 cm^3^) |       |         |          |
|   | Detectors.***"  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | **187,**        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 587-594 (1981)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Takashi         | Carbon, Iron,    | Pr    | Energy  | Energy   |
| * | Nakamura et     | Copper, Lead (20 | otons | spectra | spectra  |
| 2 | al.,            | cm diameter,     |       |         |          |
| 2 | "***Neutron     | twice the length | 30    |         | MECC-7   |
| e | Production from | of incident      | and   |         |          |
| * | Thick Targets   | proton)          | 52    |         |          |
| * | of Carbon,      |                  | MeV   |         |          |
|   | Iron, Copper,   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Lead by 30- |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and 52-MeV      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Protons***,"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Sci.      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Eng., 83, 444   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1983)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | William W.      | Thick tantalum   | Alpha | Angular | FLUXPOS  |
| * | Wadman III,     | target           | part  | distr   |          |
| 2 | "***Shielding   |                  | icles | ibution |          |
| 3 | of Neutrons     |                  |       | yield,  |          |
| * | from 80-MeV     |                  | 80    | spectra |          |
| * | Alpha-Particle  |                  | MeV   | &       |          |
|   | Bombardment of  |                  |       | atte    |          |
|   | Tantalum***,"   |                  |       | nuation |          |
|   | Nucl. Sci.      |                  |       | of fast |          |
|   | Eng., 35, 220   |                  |       | n       |          |
|   | (1969)          |                  |       | eutrons |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | A.M. Kalend et  | Thin targets of  | Pr    | Energy  | Energy & |
| * | al., "***Energy | Al, Ni, Zr, Bi,  | otons | &       | angle    |
| 2 | and Angular     | and Au           |       | angular | dist     |
| 4 | Distributions   |                  | 90    | distr   | ribution |
| * | of Neutrons     |                  | MeV   | ibution | of       |
| * | from 90 MeV     |                  |       | of      | neutrons |
|   | Protons and 140 |                  | Alpha | n       |          |
|   | MeV             |                  | part  | eutrons | Intr     |
|   | Alpha-Particle  |                  | icles |         | anuclear |
|   | Bombardment of  |                  |       |         | -cascade |
|   | Nuclei***,"     |                  | 140   |         | model    |
|   | Phys. Rev. C    |                  | MeV   |         |          |
|   | 28, 237 (1983)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | K. Shin et al., | Cu, 1 cm thick   | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | "               | (stopping range) | otons | pene    | pen      |
| 2 | ***Transmission |                  |       | tration | etration |
| 5 | of Medium       |                  | 75    | through | through  |
| * | Energy Neutrons |                  | MeV   | c       | concrete |
| * | through         |                  |       | oncrete | shields  |
|   | Concrete        |                  |       | s       |          |
|   | Shields***,"    |                  |       | hields, | MORSE    |
|   | Radiat. Prot.   |                  |       | source  |          |
|   | Dosim. 37,      |                  |       | spectra |          |
|   | 175(1991)       |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Shun-ichi       | ^7^Li            | Pr    | Neutron | Reaction |
| * | Tanaka and      |                  | otons | energy  | rates of |
| 2 | Takashi         |                  |       | s       | ^238^U   |
| 6 | Nakamura, et    |                  | 43    | pectra, | and      |
| a | al.,            |                  | and   | r       | ^232^Th, |
| * | "***Shielding   |                  | 67    | eaction |          |
| * | Experiments and |                  | MeV   | rates   |          |
|   | Analysis at 90  |                  |       | of      |          |
|   | Mv AVF          |                  |       | ^238^U  |          |
|   | Cyclotron       |                  |       | and     |          |
|   | Facility,       |                  |       | ^232^Th |          |
|   | TIARA.***"      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (Quas           |                  |       |         |          |
|   | i-monoenergetic |                  |       |         |          |
|   | neutron source) |                  |       |         |          |
|   | SATIF 1, p.195  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1994)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Shun-ichi       | ^7^Li            | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | Tanaka and      |                  | otons | energy  | energy   |
| 2 | Takashi         |                  |       | spectra | spectra  |
| 6 | Nakamura, et    |                  | 43    | and     | and      |
| b | al.,            |                  | and   | r       | reaction |
| * | "***Shielding   |                  | 67    | eaction | rates of |
| * | Experiments and |                  | MeV   | rates   | ^232^Th  |
|   | Analysis at 90  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Mv AVF          |                  |       |         | DOT 3.5, |
|   | Cyclotron       |                  |       |         | MORSE,   |
|   | Facility,       |                  |       |         | and HETC |
|   | TIARA.***"      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (Transmission   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | through         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | concrete and    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | iron shields)   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | SATIF 1, p.195  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1994)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Shun-ichi       | Cu (stopping     | Pr    | Distri  | Neutron  |
| * | Tanaka and      | length)          | otons | butions | dose     |
| 2 | Takashi         |                  |       | of      | dist     |
| 6 | Nakamura, et    |                  | 67    | fission | ribution |
| c | al.,            |                  | MeV   | rates,  | (Tesch's |
| * | "***Shielding   |                  |       | thermal | Formula) |
| * | Experiments and |                  |       | ne      |          |
|   | Analysis at 90  |                  |       | utrons, |          |
|   | Mv AVF          |                  |       | and     |          |
|   | Cyclotron       |                  |       | gamma   |          |
|   | Facility,       |                  |       | ex      |          |
|   | TIARA.***"      |                  |       | posure, |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | angular |          |
|   | (Cavity and     |                  |       | distri  |          |
|   | Labyrinth       |                  |       | butions |          |
|   | Experiments)    |                  |       | of      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | source  |          |
|   | SATIF 1, p.195  |                  |       | n       |          |
|   | (1994)          |                  |       | eutrons |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Y. Uwamino, et  | Many Ta disks of | Pr    | Flux    | Flux     |
| * | al., "***Study  | 9 cm diameter    | otons | density | density  |
| 2 | on Bulk         | (thicknesses: 8  |       | distri  | distr    |
| 7 | Shielding of an | at 8.2 mm, 8 at  | 800   | butions | ibutions |
| * | 800-MeV Proton  | 10.2mm, 4 at     | MeV   | of      | of       |
| * | A               | 17.3 mm, and 3   |       | thermal | thermal  |
|   | ccelerator***." | at 26.7 mm)      |       | n       | neutrons |
|   | SATIF 1, p. 185 |                  |       | eutrons |          |
|   | (1994)          |                  |       |         | HE       |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | TC-KFA2, |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | ANISN    |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | R. Michel, et   | Stacks of foils  | Pr    | Pro     | Cross    |
| * | al. "***Nuclide | (diameter 15.7   | otons | duction | sections |
| 2 | Production by   | mm, thicknesses  |       | cross   |          |
| 8 | Proton-Induced  | between 0.0025   | 800,  | s       | HETC     |
| * | Reactions on    | and 0.25) of C,  | 1200, | ections |          |
| * | Elements***     | Mg, Al, Si, Ti,  | 1600, | of      |          |
|   |                 | V, Fe, Co, Ni,   | and   | radion  |          |
|   | ***(6 ≤ Z ≤ 29) | Cu, Nb, Rh, Zr,  | 2600  | uclides |          |
|   | in the Energy   | Y, Au, N, Rb,    | MeV   |         |          |
|   | Range from 800  | Ca, Ba, Mn, O    |       |         |          |
|   | to 2600         | and Sr or disks  |       |         |          |
|   | MeV.***" Nucl.  | (diameter 15.7   |       |         |          |
|   | Instr. and      | mm, thicknesses  |       |         |          |
|   | Meth. B, 103,   | between 1 and 3  |       |         |          |
|   | 183-222 (1995)  | mm) of suitable  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | compositions     |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Th. Schiekel,   | Stacks of foils  | Pr    | Proton  | Nuclide  |
| * | et al.          | of C, Mg, Al,    | otons | flux    | pr       |
| 2 | "***Nuclide     | Si, Ti, V, Fe,   |       | d       | oduction |
| 9 | Production by   | Co, Ni, Cu, Nb,  | 20    | ensity, | cross    |
| * | Proton-Induced  | Rh, Zr, Y, Au,   | 0-400 | nuclide | sections |
| * | Reactions on    | N, Rb, Ca, Ba,   | MeV   | pro     |          |
|   | Elements***     | Mn, O and Sr or  |       | duction | HETC,    |
|   |                 | disks of         |       | cross   | AREL     |
|   | ***(6 ≤ Z ≤ 29) | suitable         |       | s       |          |
|   | in the Energy   | compositions     |       | ections |          |
|   | Range from 200  | (diameter 15.7   |       |         |          |
|   | to 400 MeV.***" | mm, thicknesses  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    | between 0.036 to |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth. B,    | 3.25 mm)         |       |         |          |
|   | 114, 91-119     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1996)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Kazuo Shin, et  | 1 cm thick Cu    | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al.             | (stopping range) | otons | energy  | energy   |
| 3 | "               |                  |       | spectra | spectra  |
| 0 | ***Transmission |                  | 65    | (≤65    |          |
| * | of Intermediate |                  | MeV   | MeV)    | MORSE    |
| * | Energy Neutrons |                  |       |         | (DLC-87) |
|   | and Associated  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Gamma Rays      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Through Iron,   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Lead, Graphite, |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Concrete    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Shields.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Sci. Eng. |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 109, 380-390    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1991)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | R. Michel, et   | An arrangement   | Pr    | Depth   | Pr       |
| * | al. "***On the  | of four          | otons | de      | oduction |
| 3 | Depth           | sequential       |       | pendent | rates    |
| 1 | Dependence of   | targets: two     | 600   | pro     |          |
| * | Spallation      | thin targets     | MeV   | duction | HE       |
| * | Reactions in a  | (one 8 mm        |       | of      | TC/KFA-1 |
|   | Spherical Thick | diameter and 1.8 |       | radion  |          |
|   | Diorite Target  | cm thick stack   |       | uclides |          |
|   | Homogeneously   | of foils of      |       |         |          |
|   | Irradiated by   | various metals;  |       |         |          |
|   | 600 MeV         | one 0.3 mm thick |       |         |          |
|   | Protons.***"    | quadratic stack  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    | of 20 mm x 20 mm |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth. B16,  | foils), followed |       |         |          |
|   | 61-82 (1986)    | by one Diorite   |       |         |          |
|   |                 | sphere (radius 5 |       |         |          |
|   |                 | cm - irradiated  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | isotropically)   |       |         |          |
|   |                 | with an Al       |       |         |          |
|   |                 | "catcher foil"   |       |         |          |
|   |                 | before and       |       |         |          |
|   |                 | after, and a 30  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | cm diameter      |       |         |          |
|   |                 | cylindrical Fe   |       |         |          |
|   |                 | beam stop.       |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | R.G.            | Cylinder of Pb,  | Pr    | Neutron | none     |
| * | Vasil\'kov, et  | 55 cm thick with | otons | yield   |          |
| 3 | al. "***Neutron | diameter ranging |       | and     |          |
| 2 | Yields and      | from 10-25 cm    | 660   | thermal |          |
| * | Thermal Neutron |                  | MeV   | neutron |          |
| * | Fluxes in a     |                  |       | fluxes  |          |
|   | Lead-Water      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | System          |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Bombarded by    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | High Energy     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Sov. At.        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Energy, 25,     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 1307 (1968)     |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | D. West and E.  | Pb, 10 cm        | Pr    | Distr   | none     |
| * | Wood.           | diameter, 60 cm  | otons | ibution |          |
| 3 | "***Neutron     | thick            | and   | of      |          |
| 3 | Yield from      |                  | Deut  | thermal |          |
| * | Protons and     |                  | erons | n       |          |
| * | Deuterons of    |                  |       | eutrons |          |
|   | Momenta between |                  | 0     | inside  |          |
|   | 0.85 and 1.7    |                  | .85 - | a       |          |
|   | GeV/c Totally   |                  | 1.7   | po      |          |
|   | Absorbed in     |                  | GeV/c | lythene |          |
|   | Lead.***"       |                  |       | mo      |          |
|   | Canadian Jour.  |                  |       | derator |          |
|   | Phys., 49, 2061 |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1971)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | M.A. Lone, et   | Pb (1.6 cm long  | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al. "***Total   | x 6.2 cm         | otons | yields, | yields,  |
| 3 | Neutron Yields  | diameter) and    |       | thermal | thermal  |
| 4 | from 100 MeV    | ^7^Li (99.995 wt | 100   | neutron | neutron  |
| a | Protons on Pb   | %, 17.4 cm long  | MeV   | flux    | flux     |
| * | and ^7^Li       | x 5.7 cm         |       | distr   | dist     |
| * | Targets.***"    | diameter) - both |       | ibution | ribution |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    | stopping range   |       | in      |          |
|   | and Meth. 214,  |                  |       | water   | NMTC     |
|   | 333-339 (1983)  |                  |       | mo      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | derator |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | R.T. Jones, et  | Pb (1.6 cm long  | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al.             | x 6.2 cm         | otons | yields  | yields   |
| 3 | "***Measured    | diameter) and    |       |         |          |
| 4 | and Calculated  | ^7^Li (99.995 wt | 100   |         | NMTC     |
| b | Neutron Yields  | %, 17.4 cm long  | MeV   |         |          |
| * | for 100 MeV     | x 5.7 cm         |       |         |          |
| * | Protons on      | diameter) - both |       |         |          |
|   | Thick Targets   | stopping range   |       |         |          |
|   | of Pb and       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Li.***"         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-VI,*     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 583-603 (1982)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | D.K. Bewley, et | Thick, round     | Pr    | Atte    | none     |
| * | al. "***New     | targets of Be,   | otons | nuation |          |
| 3 | Neutron Sources | C, Cu, Ta        |       | of      |          |
| 5 | for             |                  | 30-60 | total   |          |
| * | Ra              |                  | MeV   | kerma   |          |
| * | diotherapy.***" |                  |       | dep     |          |
|   | Phys. Med.      |                  |       | th-dose |          |
|   | Biol., 29, No.  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 4, 341-349      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1984)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | H.M. Butler, et | Thick targets of | Pr    | Hal     | none     |
| * | al.             | C, Al, Cu, Ta    | otons | f-value |          |
| 3 | "***Half-value  |                  | (     | thic    |          |
| 6 | Thicknesses of  |                  | 20-66 | knesses |          |
| * | Ordinary        |                  | MeV), | of      |          |
| * | Concrete for    |                  | Deut  | o       |          |
|   | Neutrons from   |                  | erons | rdinary |          |
|   | Cyclotron       |                  | (25,  | c       |          |
|   | Targets.***"    |                  | 40    | oncrete |          |
|   | Health Phys.,   |                  | MeV), | for     |          |
|   | 24, 438-439     |                  | Alpha | atte    |          |
|   | (1973)          |                  | part  | nuation |          |
|   |                 |                  | icles | of fast |          |
|   |                 |                  | (50,  | n       |          |
|   |                 |                  | 80    | eutrons |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV), |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | C     |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | arbon |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | ions  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | (100  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV)  |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | N.M.J. Crout,   | Be, 17.8 mm      | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | et al.          | thick, backed by | otons | spectra | spectra  |
| 3 | "***Neutron     | Cu               |       | and     | and      |
| 7 | Physics Studies |                  | 62    | m       | microdo  |
| * | Relating to     |                  | MeV   | icrodos | simetric |
| * | Cancer Therapy  |                  |       | imetric | meas     |
|   | on the          |                  |       | measu   | urements |
|   | Clatterbridge   |                  |       | rements |          |
|   | Cyclotron.***   |                  |       |         | MORSE-H  |
|   | Rad. Prot.      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Dosi., 23,      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 381-384 (1988)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | W.E. Fisher, et | Pb/Bi sphere of  | Pr    | Sa      | S        |
| * | al. "***On the  | 10 cm radius,    | otons | turated | aturated |
| 3 | Neutronics of   | Pb/Bi or         |       | acti    | act      |
| 8 | SINQ, A         | depleted Uranium | 592   | vities, | ivities, |
| * | Continuous      | cylinder of 15   | MeV   | neutron | neutron  |
| * | Spallation      | cm diameter and  |       | flux    | flux     |
|   | Neutron         | 60 cm length     |       |         |          |
|   | Source.***"     |                  |       |         | HETC     |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth.,      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | A249, 116-122   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1986)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | C. B. Fulmer,   | Thick targets of | Pr    | Sum of  | none     |
| * | et al.          | C, Al, Cu, Ta    | otons | dose    |          |
| 3 | "***Radiation   |                  | (20,  | rates   |          |
| 9 | Leakage Through |                  | 31,   | of fast |          |
| * | Thin Cyclotron  |                  | 40,   | and     |          |
| * | Shield          |                  | 66    | thermal |          |
|   | Walls.***"      |                  | MeV), | n       |          |
|   | Particle        |                  | Deut  | eutrons |          |
|   | Accelerators,   |                  | erons | and     |          |
|   | 4, 63-68 (1972) |                  | (25,  | gamma   |          |
|   |                 |                  | 40    | rays    |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV), |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | Alpha |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | part  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | icles |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | (50,  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 80    |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV), |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | C     |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | arbon |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | ions  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | (100  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV)  |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | K. Hayashi and  | Carbon beam stop | Pr    | Source  | Source   |
| * | T. Nakamura.    |                  | otons | neutron | neutron  |
| 4 | "***Evaluation  |                  |       | s       | spectrum |
| 0 | of Neutron      |                  | 52    | pectrum | and dose |
| * | Skyshine from a |                  | MeV   | and     | dist     |
| * | Cyclotron.***"  |                  |       | dose    | ribution |
|   | Nucl. Sci.      |                  |       | distr   |          |
|   | Eng., 87,       |                  |       | ibution | MMCR-2,  |
|   | 123-135 (1984)  |                  |       |         | SHYS     |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | HINE-II, |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | ANISN    |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | H. Conde, et    | Stopping length  | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al. "***Time of | Cu               | otons | energy  | energy   |
| 4 | Flight          |                  |       | s       | spectrum |
| 1 | Measurements of |                  | 72    | pectrum | at 90^o^ |
| * | the Energy      |                  | MeV   | at      |          |
| * | Spectrum of     |                  |       | 90^o^   | MORSE    |
|   | Neutrons        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Emitted from a  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Spallation      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Source and      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Moderated in    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Water.***"      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth. A261, |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 587-590 (1987)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | M.A. Lone, et   | Fe, Cu, and Th   | Pr    | Total   | Total    |
| * | al. "***Total   | targets of 6 cm  | otons | neutron | neutron  |
| 4 | Neutron Yield   | diameter x \~1.6 |       | yields  | yields   |
| 2 | from 100 MeV    | cm thick         | 100   | from    | from     |
| * | Protons on Cu,  | (stopping range) | MeV   | 100 MeV | 100-400  |
| * | Fe, and Th.***" |                  |       | protons | MeV      |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    |                  |       | on Fe,  | protons  |
|   | and Meth. A256, |                  |       | Cu, and | on Fe,   |
|   | 135-142 (1987)  |                  |       | Th      | Cu, Sn,  |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | Ta, Pb,  |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | and U    |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | (thick   |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | targets) |
|   |                 |                  |       |         |          |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | MORSE,   |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | NMTC     |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | H.A. O\'Brien.  | Thin targets     | Pr    | Spa     | none     |
| * | "***Utilization | (for 590 MeV) of | otons | llation |          |
| 4 | of an Intense   | C, Mg, Al, Si,   |       | yields  |          |
| 3 | Beam of 800 MeV | Ti, V, Cr, Fe,   | 300,  |         |          |
| * | Protons to      | Co, Ni, Cu, Zn,  | 590,  |         |          |
| * | Prepare         | Ge, As, Se, Nb,  | and   |         |          |
|   | Rad             | Mo, In, Sn, Ba,  | 800   |         |          |
|   | ionuclides.***" | La, Ce, Tb, Lu,  | MeV   |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    | Hf, Ta, W, Au,   |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth.,      | Pb, Bi, and U;   |       |         |          |
|   | B40/41,         | and thick        |       |         |          |
|   | 1126-1131       | targets (for 300 |       |         |          |
|   | (1989)          | and 590 MeV) of  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | Fe, Nb, Bi       |       |         |          |
|   |                 | (\~2.5 cm        |       |         |          |
|   |                 | thick); and thin |       |         |          |
|   |                 | targets (for 800 |       |         |          |
|   |                 | MeV) of Ni, As,  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | Pb, and Bi       |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Y. Uwamino, et  | Be (1 mm for     | Pr    | Neutron | none     |
| * | al.             | 20\~35 MeV, 2 mm | otons | energy  |          |
| 4 | "***Sem         | for 40 MeV)      |       | s       |          |
| 4 | i-Monoenergetic |                  | 20,   | pectrum |          |
| * | Neutron Field   |                  | 25,   | at      |          |
| * | for Activation  |                  | 30,   | 0^o^,   |          |
|   | Experiments up  |                  | 35,   | neutron |          |
|   | to 40 MeV.***"  |                  | and   | flux    |          |
|   | Nucl. Instr.    |                  | 40    | angular |          |
|   | and Meth. A271, |                  | MeV   | distri  |          |
|   | 546-552 (1988)  |                  |       | butions |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | at      |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | every   |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 4^o^    |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Tatsushi        | C (20 g/cm^2^)   | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | Nakamoto, et    | and Pb (15       | otons | pro     | pr       |
| 4 | al.             | g/cm^2^)         |       | duction | oduction |
| 5 | "***Spallation  |                  | 0.8   | doubl   | dou      |
| * | Neutron         |                  | and   | e-diffe | ble-diff |
| * | Measurement by  |                  | 1.5   | rential | erential |
|   | the             |                  | GeV   | cross   | cross    |
|   | Time-of-Flight  |                  |       | s       | sections |
|   | Method with a   |                  |       | ections | at       |
|   | Short Flight    |                  |       | at      | 15^o^,   |
|   | Path.***" Jour. |                  |       | 15^o^,  | 30^o^,   |
|   | of Nucl. Sci.   |                  |       | 30^o^,  | 60^o^,   |
|   | and Tech., 32   |                  |       | 60^o^,  | 90^o^,   |
|   | (9), 827-833    |                  |       | 90^o^,  | 120^o^,  |
|   | (Sept. 1995)    |                  |       | 120^o^, | 150^o^   |
|   |                 |                  |       | 150^o^  |          |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | HETC     |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Y. Sakamoto, et | Cu               | Pr    | Source  | Neutron  |
| * | al. "***Source  |                  | otons | neutron | spectra  |
| 4 | Neutron         |                  |       | s       | for      |
| 6 | Spectrum in     |                  | 67    | trength | 90^o^    |
| * | Streaming       |                  | MeV   | and     | and      |
| * | Experiment at   |                  |       | angular | 120^o^   |
|   | TIARA.***"      |                  |       | distr   |          |
|   | *JAERI Review,* |                  |       | ibution | NMTC and |
|   | **96-012        |                  |       | of      | SAND2    |
|   | (6.5)**,        |                  |       | neutron |          |
|   | 123-125         |                  |       | r       |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | eaction |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | rates   |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | H. Takada, et   | Thick            | Pr    | R       | Reaction |
| * | al.             | cylindrical      | otons | eaction | rates    |
| 4 | "***Measurement | tungsten target  |       | rate    |          |
| 7 | and Analysis of | (20 cm diameter, | 0.895 | distri  | NM       |
| * | Reaction Rate   | 60 cm length,    | and   | butions | TC/JAERI |
| * | Distribution on | 19.25 g/cm^3^    | 1.21  |         | -MCNP4A, |
|   | Thick Tungsten  | density, and     | GeV   |         | LAHET,   |
|   | Target Surface  | 99.95% purity)   |       |         | and      |
|   | for 0.895 and   |                  |       |         | HERMES   |
|   | 1.21 GeV Proton |                  |       |         |          |
|   | B               |                  |       |         |          |
|   | ombardment.***" |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *JAERI Review,* |                  |       |         |          |
|   | **97-011        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (10.4),**       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 220-222         |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | A. Mazal, et    | Stopping range   | Pr    | Neutron | none     |
| * | al.             | Al (90mm         | otons | yields  |          |
| 4 | "***Shielding   | diameter and 150 |       | and     |          |
| 8 | Measurements    | mm length) and   | 201   | atte    |          |
| * | for a Proton    | water (200 x 200 | MeV   | nuation |          |
| * | Therapy Beam of | mm^2^ and 320 mm |       | at      |          |
|   | 200 MeV:        | length)          |       | 0^o^,   |          |
|   | Preliminary     |                  |       | 2       |          |
|   | Results.***"    |                  |       | 2.5^o^, |          |
|   | *Rad. Prot.     |                  |       | 45^o^,  |          |
|   | Dos.,* **70     |                  |       | 6       |          |
|   | (1-4)**,        |                  |       | 7.5^o^, |          |
|   | 429-436 (1997)  |                  |       | and     |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 90^o^   |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | L.R. Veeser, et | A 30 cm long     | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al.             | cylinder of      | otons | spectra | spectra  |
| 4 | "***Neutrons    | thick, depleted  |       |         | at 50^o^ |
| 9 | Produced by     | uranium composed | 740   |         | and      |
| * | 740-MeV Protons | of twelve 2.5 cm | MeV   |         | 130^o^   |
| * | on Uranium.***" | thick x 15 cm    |       |         |          |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   | diameter disks   |       |         | NMTC and |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  |       |         | MCN      |
|   | **117,**        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 509-512 (1974)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | B.M. Preedom,   | NE102A plastic   | Pr    | Diffe   | none     |
| * | et al. "***The  | scintillators: a | otons | rential |          |
| 5 | Response of     | cone (1" front   |       | spectra |          |
| 0 | Plastic         | diameter, 3"     | 70,   |         |          |
| * | Scintillator to | back diameter,   | 80,   |         |          |
| * | Stopping        | 6" length) and a | 90,   |         |          |
|   | Protons in the  | truncated wedge  | 100.9 |         |          |
|   | Energy Range 70 | (3.5" x 5" front | MeV   |         |          |
|   | to 100 MeV.***" | face, 5" x 5"    |       |         |          |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   | back face, 4"    |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth.,*     | length)          |       |         |          |
|   | **133**,        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 311-314 (1976)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | A. Fasso and M. | Thick targets of | Pr    | Angular | Cascade  |
| * | Höfert.         | carbon,          | otons | distr   | and      |
| 5 | "*              | aluminum, and    |       | ibution | eva      |
| 1 | **Distributions | copper (6 cm     | 50    | of      | poration |
| * | of Secondary    | long and 2 cm    | MeV   | se      | emission |
| * | Particles       | diameter)        |       | condary | spectra  |
|   | Around Various  |                  |       | pa      | of       |
|   | Targets Exposed |                  |       | rticles | nucleons |
|   | to 50 MeV       |                  |       |         | (ref     |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       |         | erenced) |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | **133**,        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 213-218 (1976)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | M.A. Lone, et   | Thick ^7^Li and  | Pr    | Neutron | none     |
| * | al. "***Thick   | ^9^Be targets    | otons | yields  |          |
| 5 | Target Neutron  | (0.82 g/cm^2^)   | and   | and     |          |
| 2 | Yields and      |                  | deut  | s       |          |
| * | Spectral        |                  | erons | pectral |          |
| * | Distributions   |                  |       | distri  |          |
|   | from the ^7^Li  |                  | 14.8, | butions |          |
|   | (^d^~p~, n) and |                  | 18,   | of      |          |
|   | ^9^Be(^d^~p~,n) |                  | and   | n       |          |
|   | Reactions.***"  |                  | 23    | eutrons |          |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  | MeV   | at      |          |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  |       | 0^o^,   |          |
|   | **143**,        |                  |       | 10^o^,  |          |
|   | 331-344 (1977)  |                  |       | 20^o^,  |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 30^o^,  |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | and     |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 40^o^   |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | C.A. Goulding   | Stopping range   | Pr    | R       | Expected |
| * | and J.G.        | NaI detectors    | otons | eaction | tail     |
| 5 | Rogers.         |                  |       | losses  | -to-peak |
| 3 | "               |                  | 86,   | of      | ratios   |
| * | ***Measurements |                  | 133,  | protons | from     |
| * | and             |                  | and   |         | 40-240   |
|   | Calculations of |                  | 146   |         | MeV      |
|   | Reaction Losses |                  | MeV   |         |          |
|   | of              |                  |       |         | (method  |
|   | Medium-Energy   |                  |       |         | ref      |
|   | Protons in NaI  |                  |       |         | erenced) |
|   | Detectors.***"  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | **153,**        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 511-515 (1978)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | M.A. Lone, et   | Thin and thick   | Pr    | Neutron | None     |
| * | al.             | Be targets       | otons | yields  |          |
| 5 | "***            |                  | (9,   | and     |          |
| 4 | Characteristics |                  | 12,   | average |          |
| * | of Neutrons     |                  | 14.8, | e       |          |
| * | from Be Targets |                  | 18,   | nergies |          |
|   | Bombarded with  |                  | and   | at 0^o^ |          |
|   | Protons,        |                  | 23    |         |          |
|   | Deuterons, and  |                  | MeV), |         |          |
|   | Alpha           |                  | deut  |         |          |
|   | Particles.***"  |                  | erons |         |          |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  | (3,   |         |          |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  | 5, 6, |         |          |
|   | **189,**        |                  | 7, 9, |         |          |
|   | 515-523 (1981)  |                  | 12,   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 14.8, |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 18,   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | and   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 23    |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV), |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | and   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | alpha |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | part  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | icles |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | (12,  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 20,   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 24,   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | and   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 30    |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV)  |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | H.H. Chen, et   | Cu beam dump     | Pr    | Distr   | None     |
| * | al. "***A       |                  | otons | ibution |          |
| 5 | Measurement of  |                  |       | and     |          |
| 5 | Stopped π^+^    |                  | 720   | number  |          |
| * | Decays in a     |                  | MeV   | of      |          |
| * | Copper Beam     |                  |       | stopped |          |
|   | Dump With       |                  |       | π^+^    |          |
|   | Incident        |                  |       | decays  |          |
|   | Protons of 720  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | MeV.***" *Nucl. |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Instr. and      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Meth.,*         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | **160,**        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 393-405 (1979)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | B.N. Belyaev,   | 0.6 g of uranium | Pr    | R       | None     |
| * | et al.          | carbide in       | otons | elative |          |
| 5 | "***Isotope     | pressed plates   |       | yields  |          |
| 6 | Effects in      | of 0.4 mm        | 70    | of      |          |
| * | Fragment Yields | thickness        | and   | ^8      |          |
| * | in Uranium      |                  | 90    | 6-97^Rb |          |
|   | Nuclear Fission |                  | MeV   | and     |          |
|   | Induced by      |                  |       | ^130    |          |
|   | Inter           |                  |       | -144^Cs |          |
|   | meditate-Energy |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *Phys. Atom.    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nuc.*, **57,**  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 1163-1166       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1994)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | B.N Belyaev, et | 20-30 graphite   | Pr    | R       | None     |
| * | al.             | plates, each 0.1 | otons | elative |          |
| 5 | "***Measurement | mm thick and     |       | yields  |          |
| 7 | of the Yields   |                  | 1 GeV | of Li   |          |
| * | of the Nuclear  | 9 x 18 mm in     |       | and Rb  |          |
| * | Reaction        | area, separated  |       | i       |          |
|   | Products with a | by 0.1 mm space  |       | sotopes |          |
|   | Mass            | with deposits of |       |         |          |
|   | Spectrometer    | zirconium oxide  |       |         |          |
|   | On-Line with    | 6-7 mg/cm^2^,    |       |         |          |
|   | a***            | all placed in a  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | tantalum box     |       |         |          |
|   | ***Proton       | with 0.03 mm     |       |         |          |
|   | Accelerator at  | thick walls      |       |         |          |
|   | E~p~ = 1        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | GeV.***" *Sov.  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Jour. Nuc.      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Phys.,* **24,** |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 617-619 (1977)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | M.M. Meier, et  | Stopping range   | Pr    | A       | Intr     |
| * | al. "***Neutron | targets of       | otons | bsolute | anuclear |
| 5 | Yields from     | natural carbon   |       | neutron | cascade  |
| 8 | Stopping- and   | (8 cm radius x   | 256   | yields  | eva      |
| * | Near-           | 30 cm length),   | MeV   | at 30,  | poration |
| * | Stopping-Length | aluminum (8 x    |       | 60,     |          |
|   | Targets for     | 20), and iron (8 |       | 120,    | HETC and |
|   | 256-MeV         | x 8), and ^238^U |       | and 150 | ISABEL   |
|   | Protons.***"    | (4 x 5)          |       | degrees |          |
|   | *Nucl. Sci.*    |                  |       |         |          |
|   |                 |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *and Eng.,*     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | **104,**        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 339-363 (1990)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | D.M. Drake, et  | Sand mixed to    | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al.             | resemble Martian | otons | spatial | pr       |
| 5 | "               | soil in          |       | and     | oduction |
| 9 | ***Experimental | container 0.7 m  | 800   | energy  | and      |
| * | Simulation of   | diameter x 1.2 m | MeV   | distr   | leakage  |
| * | Martian Neutron | long (3 % H~2~O) |       | ibution | spectra  |
|   | Leakage         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Spectra.***"    |                  |       |         | LAHET,   |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  |       |         | MCNP,    |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  |       |         | ONEDANT  |
|   | **A309,**       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 575-580 (1991)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Shin-ichiro     | Thick lead       | Pr    | Double  | Double   |
| * | Meigo, et al.   | target,          | otons | diffe   | diff     |
| 6 | "               | rectangular      |       | rential | erential |
| 0 | ***Measurements | parallelepiped   | 0.5   | neutron | neutron  |
| * | of Spallation   |                  | and   | spectra | spectra  |
| * | Neutrons from a | 15 x 15 x 20     | 1.5   |         |          |
|   | Thick Lead      | cm^3^ (stopping  | GeV   |         | NMT      |
|   | Target          | range for 0.5    |       |         | C/JAERI, |
|   | Bombarded with  | GeV protons)     |       |         |          |
|   | 0.5 and 1.5 GeV |                  |       |         | MCNP-4A  |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-XIII*,   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | T-2 (1995)      |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | T.O. Brun, et   | *see following   | Pr    | *see    | *see     |
| * | al. "***LAHET   | four references  | otons | fo      | f        |
| 6 | Code System/    | for target       |       | llowing | ollowing |
| 1 | CINDER\'90      | specifications*  | *see  | four    | four     |
| a | Validation      |                  | foll  | ref     | re       |
| * | Calculations    |                  | owing | erences | ferences |
| * | and Comparison  |                  | four  | for     | for      |
|   | with            |                  | refer | m       | ca       |
|   | Experimental    |                  | ences | easured | lculated |
|   | Data.***"       |                  | for   | para    | par      |
|   | *ICANS-XII,*    |                  | ener  | meters* | ameters* |
|   | T-26 (1993)     |                  | gies* |         |          |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | LAHET    |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | code     |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | system   |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | J.S. Gilmore,   | Depleted uranium | Pr    | Axial   | Axial    |
| * | et al.          | rod clusters     | otons | distri  | distr    |
| 6 | "***Fer         | (0.251 wt%       |       | butions | ibutions |
| 1 | tile-to-Fissile | ^235^U, 37 rods, | 800   | of      | of       |
| b | and Fission     | 19.04 g/cm^3^,   | MeV   | fissile | fissile  |
| * | Measurements    | 19.7 cm total    |       | and     | and      |
| * | for Depleted    | diameter, 3.2393 |       | fert    | fe       |
|   | Uranium and     | cm diameter per  |       | ile-to- | rtile-to |
|   | Thorium         | rod, 30.46 cm    |       | fissile | -fissile |
|   | Bombarded by    | length), and     |       | conv    | con      |
|   | 800-MeV         | thorium rod      |       | ersions | versions |
|   | Protons.***"    | clusters (19     |       |         |          |
|   | *Nucl. Sci. and | rods, 11.38      |       |         | HETC and |
|   | Eng.*, **99,**  | g/cm^3^, 18.28   |       |         | MCNP     |
|   | 41-52 (1988)    | cm total         |       |         |          |
|   |                 | diameter, 4.194  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | cm diameter per  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | rod, 36.31 cm    |       |         |          |
|   |                 | length)          |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | G.J. Russell,   | Depleted uranium | Pr    | Axial   | Axial    |
| * | et al.          | rod clusters     | otons | distri  | distr    |
| 6 | "***Fer         | (0.251 wt%       |       | butions | ibutions |
| 1 | tile-to-Fissile | ^235^U, 37 rods, | 800   | of      | of       |
| c | and Fission     | 19.04 g/cm^3^,   | MeV   | fissile | fissile  |
| * | Measurements    | 19.7 cm total    |       | and     | and      |
| * | for Depleted    | diameter, 3.2393 |       | fert    | fe       |
|   | Uranium and     | cm diameter per  |       | ile-to- | rtile-to |
|   | Thorium         | rod, 30.46 cm    |       | fissile | -fissile |
|   | Bombarded by    | length)          |       | conv    | con      |
|   | 800-MeV         |                  |       | ersions | versions |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-V,*      |                  |       |         | HETC and |
|   | 621-639 (1981)  |                  |       |         | MCNP     |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | V.I.            | Be, C, and Al    | Pr    | Energy  | Energy   |
| * | Belyakov-Bodin, | targets, 0.2 m   | otons | dep     | de       |
| 6 | et al.          | diameter x 0.6 m |       | osition | position |
| 1 | "               | thick            | 0.8,  |         |          |
| d | ***Calorimetric |                  | 1.0,  |         | MARS-10  |
| * | Measurements of |                  | and   |         |          |
| * | Medium-Energy   |                  | 1.2   |         |          |
|   | Protons         |                  | GeV   |         |          |
|   | Bombarding      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Beryllium,      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Carbon, and     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Aluminum        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Targets.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth.*,     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | **A314,**       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 508-513 (1992)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | V.I.            | Pb and Bi        | Pr    | Energy  | Energy   |
| * | Belyakov-Bodin, | targets, 0.2 m   | otons | dep     | de       |
| 6 | et al.          | diameter x 0.6 m |       | osition | position |
| 1 | "               | thick            | 0.8,  |         |          |
| e | ***Calorimetric |                  | 1.0,  |         | MARS-10  |
| * | Measurements    |                  | and   |         |          |
| * | and Monte Carlo |                  | 1.2   |         |          |
|   | Analyses of     |                  | GeV   |         |          |
|   | Medium-Energy   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Protons         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Bombarding Lead |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Bismuth     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Targets.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | **A295,**       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 140-146 (1990)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | W. Amian, et    | Thick natural    | Pr    | Mass    | none     |
| * | al.             | lead and         | otons | yield   |          |
| 6 | "               | depleted uranium |       | distri  |          |
| 2 | ***Measurements | targets of 3 cm  | 1100  | butions |          |
| * | of the          | diameter x 1 mm  | MeV   | for     |          |
| * | Spallation and  | thick disks      |       | spa     |          |
|   | Fission Product |                  |       | llation |          |
|   | Production for  |                  |       | and     |          |
|   | Depleted        |                  |       | fission |          |
|   | Uranium and     |                  |       | re      |          |
|   | Natural Lead    |                  |       | actions |          |
|   | Targets         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Bombarded by    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 1100 MeV        |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-VI,*     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 551-570 (1982)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | G.S. Bauer, et  | Thick targets of | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | al. "***How     | lead (10x50x75   | otons | flux    | flux     |
| 6 | Much Thermal    | cm^3^) and       | 400,  |         |          |
| 3 | Neutron Flux is | uranium          | 600,  |         |          |
| * | Gained Using    | (10x45x50 cm^3^) | 750,  |         |          |
| * | Deuterons       | (height x width  | and   |         |          |
|   | Instead of      | x depth)         | 1100  |         |          |
|   | Protons?***"    | followed by a    | MeV   |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-VI,*     | water moderator  |       |         |          |
|   | 619-627 (1982)  |                  | Deut  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | erons |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 400,  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 600,  |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | and   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | 750   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV   |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | S. Cierjacks,   | Cylindrical lead | Pr    | High    | None for |
| * | et al. "***High | target composed  | otons | energy  | thick    |
| 6 | Energy Particle | of 12            |       | p       | targets  |
| 4 | Spectra from    | cylindrical      | 590   | article |          |
| * | Spallation      | blocks each 5 cm | and   | yields  |          |
| * | Targets.***"    | long and 10 cm   | 1100  | and     |          |
|   | *ICANS-V,*      | diameter (60 cm  | MeV   | spectra |          |
|   | 215-240 (1981)  | thickness); 50   |       |         |          |
|   |                 | cm thick lead    |       |         |          |
|   |                 | and uranium      |       |         |          |
|   |                 | blocks with      |       |         |          |
|   |                 | polyethylene and |       |         |          |
|   |                 | aluminum plates, |       |         |          |
|   |                 | moderated by 2 m |       |         |          |
|   |                 | of light water   |       |         |          |
|   |                 | on the sides     |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | F. Raupp, et    | Thick depleted   | Pr    | Neutron | None     |
| * | al. "***Neutron | uranium target   | otons | pro     |          |
| 6 | Production      | 10 cm x 10 cm x  |       | duction |          |
| 5 | Yields and      | 40 cm long       | 590   | yields  |          |
| * | Spectra from    |                  | MeV   | and     |          |
| * | 590 MeV Proton  |                  |       | spectra |          |
|   | Bombardment of  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Thick Uranium   |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Targets.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-V,*      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 333-342 (1981)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | N.F. Peek, et   | Targets of 3 cm  | Pr    | Isotope | None     |
| * | al.             | x 1 mm thick     | otons | pro     |          |
| 6 | "***Gamma-Ray   | disks of natural |       | duction |          |
| 6 | Measurements of | Pb and depleted  | 1.1   |         |          |
| * | Isotopes        | U with Al        | GeV   |         |          |
| * | Produced by 1.1 | monitoring       |       |         |          |
|   | GeV Protons on  | foils, placed    |       |         |          |
|   | Lead and        | between 5 cm     |       |         |          |
|   | Uranium         | thick blocks of  |       |         |          |
|   | Targets.***"    | Pb or U, for     |       |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-V,*      | total target     |       |         |          |
|   | 355-375 (1981)  | thickness of 45  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | cm (stopping     |       |         |          |
|   |                 | range for U but  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | not for Pb)      |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | G.S. Bauer, et  | Lead and uranium | Pr    | Time    | None     |
| * | al.             | targets with     | otons | st      |          |
| 6 | "***Measurement | lead and         |       | ructure |          |
| 7 | of Time         | beryllium        | 1.1   | of      |          |
| * | Structure and   | reflectors       | GeV   | c       |          |
| * | Thermal Neutron |                  |       | hrystal |          |
|   | Spectra for     |                  |       | refle   |          |
|   | Various         |                  |       | ctions, |          |
|   | Target-Mode     |                  |       | neutron |          |
|   | rator-Reflector |                  |       | spectra |          |
|   | Configurations  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | of an           |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Inte            |                  |       |         |          |
|   | nsity-Modulated |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Spallation      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Neutron         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Source.***"     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-V*,      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 475-488 (1981)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | Y. Hino, et al. | Alternating      | Pr    | High    | None     |
| * | "***Measurement | plates of lead   | otons | energy  |          |
| 6 | of the High     | (20 mm),         |       | neutron |          |
| 8 | Energy          | polyethylene (2  | 1.1   | spectra |          |
| * | Component of    | mm), and         | GeV   |         |          |
| * | the Neutron     | aluminum (1 mm)  |       |         |          |
|   | Spectrum from a |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Moderated       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Source.***"     |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-V*,      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 489-495 (1981)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | V. Drüke, et    | Cylindrical and  | Pr    | Neutron | None     |
| * | al.             | slab targets of  | otons | flux    |          |
| 6 | "               | Pb, Pb-Bi,       |       |         |          |
| 9 | ***Measurements | depleted U, and  | 590   |         |          |
| * | of Neutron      | W-Pb with light  | MeV   |         |          |
| * | Fluxes at       | water or heavy   |       |         |          |
|   | Spallation      | water and        |       |         |          |
|   | Source Models   | polyethylene     |       |         |          |
|   | and Bare        | neutron          |       |         |          |
|   | Targets.***"    | moderators       |       |         |          |
|   | *ICANS-V,*      |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 503-517 (1981)  |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | S.F.            | Thick tungsten   | Pr    | Neutron | Neutron  |
| * | Mughabghab,     | target, 10.2 cm  | otons | yields  | yields   |
| 7 | M.S. Zucker.    | diameter x 40 cm |       | per     | per      |
| 0 | "***The Role of | length           | 0.8,  | i       | incident |
| * | the Nuclear     |                  | 1.0,  | ncident | proton   |
| * | Level Density   |                  | 1.2,  | proton  |          |
|   | in Spallation   |                  | 1.4   |         | LAHET,   |
|   | Neutron         |                  | GeV   |         | MCNP     |
|   | Studies.***"    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | *Int. Conf. on  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | the Phys. of    |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Nucl. Sci. and  |                  |       |         |          |
|   | Tech.,*         |                  |       |         |          |
|   | 1315-1319       |                  |       |         |          |
|   | (1998)          |                  |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | S. Leray, et    | Thin Pb targets  | Pr    | Doubl   | Dou      |
| * | al.             | and thick        | otons | e-diffe | ble-diff |
| 7 | "***Spallation  | targets of Pb    |       | rential | erential |
| 1 | Neutron Studies | and Fe           | 0.8,  | cross-s | cross-   |
| * | at SATURNE.***" |                  | 1.2,  | ections | sections |
| * | *Int. Conf. on  |                  | and   | and     | and      |
|   | the Phys. of    |                  | 1.6   | energy  | energy   |
|   | Nucl. Sci. and  |                  | GeV   | spectra | spectra  |
|   | Tech.,*         |                  | for   |         |          |
|   | 1320-1326       |                  | thin  |         | TIERCE,  |
|   | (1998)          |                  | tar   |         | LAHET,   |
|   |                 |                  | gets, |         | NMTC,    |
|   |                 |                  | 1.2   |         | and MCNP |
|   |                 |                  | GeV   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | for   |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | thick |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | ta    |         |          |
|   |                 |                  | rgets |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | J.P. Deffain,   | Molten           | Pr    | Neutron | Ne       |
| * | et al.          | lead-bismuth     | otons | flux    | utronics |
| 7 | "***Spallation  | cylinder, 2500   |       |         |          |
| 2 | Neutron Source  | mm height x 2500 | 1.2   |         | SPARTE,  |
| * | for             | mm diameter,     | GeV   |         | HETC     |
| * | Multi-Purpose   | with a 1000 mm   |       |         | coupled  |
|   | Ir              | high x 1.5 mm    |       |         | with     |
|   | radiations.***" | thick x 320 mm   |       |         | Tripoli4 |
|   | *Int. Conf. on  | diameter steel   |       |         | for      |
|   | the Phys. of    | window at the    |       |         | t        |
|   | Nucl. Sci. and  | center           |       |         | ransport |
|   | Tech.,*         |                  |       |         | under 20 |
|   | 1341-1348       |                  |       |         | MeV, and |
|   | (1998)          |                  |       |         | Darwin   |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | as       |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | d        |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | epletion |
|   |                 |                  |       |         | code     |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | H.J. Brede, et  | Beryllium        | Pr    | S       | Neutron  |
| * | al. "***Neutron | (98.15% Be) disk | otons | pectral | response |
| 7 | Yields from     | of 35 mm         |       | neutron | f        |
| 3 | Thick Be        | diameter and 2   | 1     | yield   | unctions |
| * | Targets         | mm thick for     | 7.2 - | per     | for      |
| * | Bombarded with  | deuterons, 5 mm  | 22    | unit    | NE213    |
|   | Deuterons or    | thick for        | MeV   | beam    | scin     |
|   | Protons.***"    | protons          |       | charge, | tillator |
|   | *Nucl. Instr.   |                  | Deut  | and     |          |
|   | and Meth.,*     |                  | erons | angular | NRESP5   |
|   | **A274,**       |                  |       | dep     | and      |
|   | 332-344 (1989)  |                  | 9.4 - | endence | NEFF5    |
|   |                 |                  | 13.6  | of      |          |
|   |                 |                  | MeV   | s       |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | pectral |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | neutron |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | yield   |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | from    |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 0^o^ to |          |
|   |                 |                  |       | 150^o^  |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | M.M. Meier, et  | Thick targets of | Pr    | Diffe   | Intr     |
| * | al.             | Be (5.7 cm       | otons | rential | anuclear |
| 7 | "               | thick), C        |       | cross   | -cascade |
| 4 | ***Differential | (5.83), Al       | 113   | s       | eva      |
| * | Neutron         | (4.03), and Fe   | MeV   | ections | poration |
| * | Production      | (1.57), all in   |       | and     |          |
|   | Cross Sections  | natural isotopic |       | neutron | HETC     |
|   | and Neutron     | abundances and   |       | yields  |          |
|   | Yields from     | with 3.65 cm     |       | at 7.5, |          |
|   | Stopping-Length | radius, and      |       | 30, 60, |          |
|   | Targets for     | ^238^U with 4 cm |       | and 150 |          |
|   | 113-MeV         | radius and 3 cm  |       | degrees |          |
|   | Protons.***"    | thickness; thin  |       |         |          |
|   | *Nucl. Sci. and | targets of Be,   |       |         |          |
|   | Eng.,* **102,** | C, Al, Fe,       |       |         |          |
|   | 310-321 (1989)  | ^238^U, BeO, W,  |       |         |          |
|   |                 | and Pb           |       |         |          |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+
| * | J.W. Wachter,   | Thick targets of | Pr    | Se      | S        |
| * | et al.          | Al, Bi, C, Co,   | otons | condary | econdary |
| 7 | "***Neutron and | Cu, and H~2~O,   |       | neutron | neutron  |
| 5 | Proton Spectra  | and thin targets | 160   | and     | and      |
| * | from Targets    | of Al, Be, Bi,   | MeV   | proton  | proton   |
| * | Bombarded by    | C, Co, Cu,       |       | spectra | spectra  |
|   | 160-MeV         | D~2~O, and H~2~O |       | at 0,   | at 0,    |
|   | Protons.***"    |                  |       | 10, 45, | 10, 45,  |
|   | *Phys. Rev.,*   |                  |       | 60, and | 60, and  |
|   | **161**,        |                  |       | 135     | 135      |
|   | 971-981 (1967)  |                  |       | degrees | degrees  |
+---+-----------------+------------------+-------+---------+----------+

HZETRN : Deterministic code, numerical solution of the Boltzman
equation, straight-ahead approximation.

HETC-DO: High Energy Transport Code \[Monte Carlo\] - Discrete Ordinate

FLUKA, MARS-10 : Monte Carlo type codes

Tesch's Formula: See ***Particle Accelerators***, 12, 169 (1982).

[^1]: ^^ Formerly *Soviet Journal of Nuclear Physics*