CONSTRUCTOIN STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 04220

CONCRETE MASONRY UNITs

Page

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 Summary: [2](#summary)

1.02 References: [2](#references)

1.03 Definitions [4](#definitions)

1.04 Submittals [4](#submittals)

1.05 Quality Assurance [5](#quality-assurance)

1.06 Delivery, Storage, And Handling [6](#delivery-storage-and-handling)

1.07 Project Conditions [6](#project-conditions)

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Concrete Masonry Units [8](#concrete-masonry-units)

2.02 Reinforcement [8](#reinforcement)

2.03 Ties And Anchors [9](#ties-and-anchors)

2.04 Miscellaneous Masonry Accessories
[10](#miscellaneous-masonry-accessories)

2.05 Masonry Cleaners [11](#masonry-cleaners)

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Examination [11](#examination)

3.02 Preparation [11](#preparation)

3.03 Installation [12](#installation)

3.04 Construction Tolerances [13](#construction-tolerances)

3.05 Placing Mortar And Units [14](#placing-mortar-and-units)

3.06 Reinforcement Installation [14](#reinforcement-installation)

3.07 Anchoring Masonry To Structural Members
[15](#anchoring-masonry-to-structural-members)

3.08 Anchoring Single-Wythe Masonry Veneer
[15](#anchoring-single-wythe-masonry-veneer)

3.09 Movement (Control And Expansion) Joints
[15](#movement-control-and-expansion-joints)

3.10 Lintels [16](#lintels)

3.11 Weep Holes [16](#weep-holes)

3.12 Installation And Grouting Of Reinforced Masonry Unit
[16](#installation-and-grouting-of-reinforced-masonry-unit)

3.13 Parging [17](#parging)

3.14 Repairing, Pointing, And Cleaning
[18](#repairing-pointing-and-cleaning)

CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 04220

CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT

# PART 1 - GENERAL

## 1.01 SUMMARY:

A. Work Includes: This Section includes the furnishing and installation
of concrete masonry units, reinforcing steel, miscellaneous masonry
accessories and masonry cleaners.

B. Related Sections:

1\. Section 04050, "Masonry Mortar and Grout"

2\. Section 05500, "Metal Fabrications"

3\. Section 06100, "Rough Carpentry"

4\. Section 07200, "Building Insulation"

5\. Section 07600, "Flashing and Sheet Metal"

6\. Section 07900, "Joint Sealants"

7\. Section 08110, "Steel Doors and Frames"

8\. Section 09900, "Painting"

## 1.02 REFERENCES:

A. American Concrete Institute (ACI)

315-92 Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement

530/ASCE 5 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures

530.1/ASCE 6 Specifications for Masonry Structures

B. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

A36 Specification for Structural Steel

A82-95A Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement

A123 Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and
Steel Products

A153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

A185-94 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement

A307-94 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI
Tensile Strength

A366 Specification for Steel, Carbon, Cold-Rolled Sheet, Commercial
Quality

A496-95a Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete
Reinforcement

A497-95 Specification for Welded Wire Fabric, Deformed, for Concrete
Reinforcement

A525 Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated
(Galvanized) by the Hot-Dip Process

A615 Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement

C90-97 Specification for Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units

C140-96b Method of Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units

C150-97 Specification for Portland Cement

C207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes

C780-96 Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of
Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry

C979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete

C1019-89a Test Method of Sampling and Testing Grout

D226 Specification for Asphalt Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing
and Waterproofing

D1056-97a Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials - Sponge or
Expanded Rubber

D2000-96 Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive
Applications

D2287-96 Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer and Copolymer
Molding and Extrusion Compounds

E119 Method for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

E447 Methods for Compressive Strength of Masonry Prisms

C. Masonry Codes and Specifications

D. National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA)

E. International Building Code (IBC): Chapter 21 Masonry

## 1.03 DEFINITIONS

A. Parging: The process of applying a coat of cement mortar to the back
of the facing material, the face of the backing material, the face of
rough masonry, and the earth side of foundation and basement walls
(sometimes referred to as pargeting).

## 1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. Submit the following in accordance with conditions of Contract and
Section 01330, \"Submittal Procedures\".

1\. Product Data: Submit product data for each different concrete
masonry unit, accessory, and other manufactured product indicated.

2\. Shop drawings for fabrication, bending, and placement of concrete
masonry reinforcing bars. Comply with ACI 315 showing bar schedules,
stirrup spacing, diagrams of bent bars, and arrangement of masonry
reinforcement.

3\. Asbestos-free and lead-free certification for all masonry materials
and accessories.

4\. Concrete masonry unit samples, for initial selection purposes, in
small-scale form showing full extent of colors and textures available
for each different exposed masonry unit required.

5\. Material certificates for the following, signed by manufacturer and
Contractor certifying that each material complies with requirements.

a.  Each different cement product required for mortar and grout,
    including name of manufacturer, brand, type, and weight slips at
    time of delivery.

b.  Each material and grade indicated for reinforcing bars.

c.  Each type and size of joint reinforcement.

d.  Each type and size of anchors, ties, and metal accessories.

## 1.05 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Fire Performance Characteristics: Where indicated on the drawings,
provide materials and construction identical to those of assemblies
whose fire resistance has been determined per ASTM E119 by Underwriter's
Laboratories.

B. Single-Source Responsibility for Masonry Units: Obtain concrete
masonry units of uniform texture and color, or a uniform blend within
the ranges accepted for these characteristics, from one manufacturer for
each different product required for each surface or visually related
surfaces.

C. Single-Source Responsibility for Mortar Materials: Obtain mortar
ingredients of uniform quality, including color for masonry, from one
manufacturer for each cementitious component and from one source and
producer for each aggregate.

D. All masonry units shall be sound, free of cracks or other defects
that may interfere with the proper placing of the unit or impair the
strength of construction.

E. Where units are to be used in exposed wall construction, the exposed
masonry faces shall not show chips or cracks, or imperfections when
viewed from a distance of not less than 20 feet (6.1 m) under diffused
lighting.

F. Use of damaged items is prohibited except by specific authorization
of the Sandia Delegated Representative (SDR).

G. Testing: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) may obtain a qualified
independent testing laboratory to perform the following testing
indicated for source and field quality control.

1\. Testing Frequency: Tests and evaluations listed in this article may
be performed during construction for each 5000 sq. ft (465 m^2^) of wall
area, or as otherwise directed by the SDR.

2\. Concrete Masonry Unit Tests: For each different concrete masonry
unit indicated, units will be tested for strength, absorption, and
moisture content per ASTM C140.

3\. Prism Test Method: For each type of wall construction indicated,
masonry prisms will be tested per ASTM E447, Method B. Prepare one set
of prisms for testing at 7 days and one set for testing at 28 days.

## 1.06 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Deliver masonry materials to project in undamaged condition.

B. Store and handle masonry units off the ground, under cover, and in a
dry location to prevent their deterioration or damage due to moisture,
temperature changes, contaminants, corrosion, and other causes. If units
become wet, do not place until units are in an air-dried condition.

C. Store cementitious materials off the ground, under cover, and in dry
location.

D. Store aggregates where grading and other required characteristics can
be maintained and contamination avoided. Store different aggregates
separately.

E. Store masonry accessories including metal items to prevent corrosion
and accumulation of dirt and oil.

F. Protect reinforcement, ties, and metal accessories form permanent
distortion and store them off the ground.

## 1.07 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Protection of Masonry: During erection, cover tops of walls,
projections, and sills with waterproof sheeting at end of each day\'s
work. Cover partially completed masonry when construction is not in
progress. Extend cover a minimum of 24 inches (610 mm) down both sides
and hold cover securely in place.

B. Do not apply uniform floor or roof loads for at least 12 hours and
concentrated loads for at least 3 days after building masonry walls or
columns.

C. Stain Prevention: Prevent grout, mortar, and soil from staining the
face of masonry to be left exposed or painted. Remove immediately any
grout, mortar, and soil that come in contact with such masonry.

1\. Protect base of walls from rain-splashed mud and mortar splatter by
means of coverings spread on ground and over wall surface.

2\. Protect sills, ledges, and projections from mortar droppings.

3\. Protect surfaces of windows and door frames, as well as similar
products with painted and integral finishes from mortar droppings.

D. Cold-Weather Construction: Comply with the following when ambient
temperature falls below 40^o^ F (4.4^o^ C).

1\. General: Remove masonry damaged by freezing conditions. Do not lay
masonry units having temperature below 20^o^ F (-6.7^o^ C). Remove
visible ice on masonry units before the unit is laid.

2\. Specific requirements for various temperature ranges are as follows:

a\. Aggregates and mixing water shall be heated to produce mortar and
grout temperatures between 40^o^ F (4.4^o^ C) and 120^o^ F(48.9^o^ C) at
the time of mixing.

b\. Maintain mortar temperature on mortar boards above freezing until
used on masonry.

c\. When ambient temperature is between 20^o^ F (-6.7^o^ C) and 25^o^ F
(-3.9^o^ C), provide heat sources on both sides of walls under
construction and install wind breaks when wind velocity exceeds 15 miles
per hour (24 km per hour).

d\. When ambient temperature is below 20^o^ F (-6.7^o^ C), provide
enclosures and heat sources to maintain the temperatures above 32^o^ F
(0^o^ C) within the enclosure.

3\. Protection

a\. When mean daily temperature is between 40^o^ F (4.4^o^ C) and 32^o^
F (0^o^ C), protect completed masonry from rain or snow by covering with
weather-resistive membrane for 24 hours after construction.

b\. When mean daily temperature is between 32^o^ F (0^o^ C) and 25^o^ F
(-3.9^o^ C), completely cover completed masonry with weather-resistive
membrane for 24 hours after construction.

c\. When mean daily temperature is between 25^o^ F (-3.9^o^ C) and 20^o^
F (-6.7^o^ C), completely cover completed masonry with insulating
blankets or equal protection for 24 hours after construction.

d\. When mean daily temperature is below 20^o^ F (-6.7^o^ C), maintain
masonry temperature above 32^o^ F (0^o^ C) for 24 hours after
construction by enclosure with supplementary heat, by electric heating
blankets, by infrared heat lamps, or by other acceptable methods.

E.  Hot-Weather Construction: Protect masonry construction from direct
    exposure to wind and sun when erected in ambient temperature of
    90^o^ F (32^o^ C) or greater in the shade, with a relative humidity
    less than 50%.

    1.  Do not spread mortar beds more than 4 feet (1.2 m) ahead of
        masonry. Set masonry units within one minute of spreading
        mortar. Dampen, but do not saturate masonry units immediately
        before installation.

    2.  Mortar can be retempered with cool water only once to maintain
        consistency.

    3.  Protection: When the mean daily temperature exceeds 100^o^ F
        (38^o^ C) or exceeds 90^o^ F (32^o^ C) with a wind velocity
        greater than 8 mph, fog spray all newly constructed masonry
        until damp, at least three times a day until the masonry is
        three days old.

# PART 2 - PRODUCTS

## 2.01 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS

A. Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units: ASTM C90, and as follows:

1\. Unit Compressive Strength: Provide units with minimum average net
area compressive strength of 1900 psi (13100 kPa).

2\. Size: Provide manufacturer's standard units with nominal face
dimensions of 8" wide x 8" high x 16" long (203 mm wide x 203 mm high x
406 mm long), actual dimensions 7-5/8" x 7-5/8" x 15-5/8" (194 mm x 194
mm x 397 mm), unless otherwise indicated.

3\. Provide Type I, moisture-controlled units.

4\. Weight Classification: Normal weight.

B. Provide special shapes where indicated and as follows:

1\. For lintels, corners, jambs, sash, control joints, headers, bonding,
and other special conditions.

2\. Bullnose units for outside corners where indicated.

3\. Square-edge units for outside corners, except where indicated as
bullnose.

C. Exposed Faces: Where special finishes are indicated, provide units
with the following:

1\. Standard aggregate, split face or split face-fluted finish.

2\. Standard aggregate, slump finish.

3\. Scoria aggregate, smooth face, split face or split face-fluted
finish.

## 2.02 REINFORCEMENT

A. Steel Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A615, Grade 60.

B. Deformed Reinforcing Wire: ASTM A496.

C. Plain Welded Wire Fabric: ASTM A185.

D. Deformed Welded Wire Fabric: ASTM A497.

E. Joint Reinforcement: 9 gage deformed side rods and diagonal rods, in
accordance with ASTM A951.

1\. Galvanized in accordance with ASTM A641 for internal applications
and ASTM A153 for external applications.

2\. Description: Prefabricated truss type welded-wire units with
deformed continuous side rods and diagonal rods, spaced no more than 16"
O.C. into straight lengths of not less than 10 feet (3 m), with
prefabricated corner and tee units.

3\. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements,
manufacturers offering joint reinforcement that may be incorporated in
the work include, but are not limited to, the following:

AA Wire Products Co.

Duro-O-Wal, Inc.

Heckman Building Products, Inc.

Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.

Masonry Reinforcing Corp. of America

Southern Construction Products, Inc.

## 2.03 TIES AND ANCHORS

A. Galvanized Carbon Steel Wire: ASTM A82, hot-dip galvanized after
fabrication to comply with ASTM A153, Class B2. Wire diameter 0.1875
inch (4.76 mm), unless otherwise indicated.

B. Galvanized Steel Sheet: ASTM A366 (commercial quality) cold-rolled
carbon steel sheet hot-dip galvanized after fabrication to comply with
ASTM A525, for sheet metal ties and anchors. Minimum thickness 0.0598
inch (16 gage) (1.52 mm), unless otherwise indicated.

C. Steel Plates and Bars: ASTM A36, hot-dip galvanized to comply with
ASTM A123 or ASTM A153, Class B3, as applicable to size and form
indicated.

D. Bent Wire Ties: Individual units prefabricated from bent wire to
comply with requirements indicated below:

1\. Tie Shape for Hollow Masonry Units Laid with Cells Vertical:
Rectangular with closed ends and not less than 4 inches (102 mm) wide.

2\. Tie Shape for Solid Masonry Unit Construction: Z-shaped ties with
ends bent 90 degrees to provide hooks not less than 2 inches (51 mm)
long.

E. Adjustable Anchors for Connecting Masonry to Structural Framework:
Provide two-piece assemblies as described below allowing vertical or
horizontal differential movement between wall and framework parallel to
plane of wall, but resisting tension and compression forces
perpendicular to it.

1\. For anchorage to concrete framework, provide manufacturer\'s
standard with dovetail anchor section formed from sheet metal and
triangular-shaped wire tie section sized to extend within 1 inch (25 mm)
of masonry face. Wire diameter 0.1875 inch ( 4.76 mm).

2\. For anchorage to steel framework provide manufacturer\'s standard
anchors with crimped 1/4-inch (6.35 mm) diameter wire anchor section for
welding to steel and triangular-shaped wire tie section sized to extend
within 1 inch (25 mm) of masonry face. Wire diameter 0.1875 inch (4.76
mm).

F. Rigid Anchors: Provide straps of form and length indicated,
fabricated from metal strips of following width and thickness.

1\. 1-1/2 inches (38.1 mm) wide by 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) thick, unless
otherwise indicated.

G. Miscellaneous Anchors

1\. Unit Type Masonry Inserts in Concrete: Cast iron or malleable iron
inserts of type and size indicated.

2\. Dovetail Slots: Furnish dovetail slots, with filler strips, of slot
size indicated, fabricated from 0.0336-inch (22-gage) (0.8534 mm) sheet
metal.

3\. Anchor Bolts: Steel bolts complying with A307, Grade A; with ASTM
A563 hex nuts and, where indicated, flat washers; hot-dip galvanized to
comply with ASTM A153, Class C; of diameter, length and type indicated
on the drawings.

H. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements,
manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated in the work
include, but are not limited to, the following:

AA Wire Products Co.

Duro-O-Wal, Inc.

Heckman Building Products, Inc.

Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.

Masonry Reinforcing Corp. of America

Southern Construction Products, Inc.

## 2.04 MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY ACCESSORIES

A. Nonmetallic Expansion Joint Strips: Premolded neoprene filler strips
complying with ASTM D1056, Type 2 (closed cell), Class A (cellular
rubber and rubber-like materials with specific resistance to petroleum
base oils), Grade 1 (compression-deflection range of 2-5 psi (14 - 35
kPa)), compressible up to 35 percent, of width and thickness indicated.

B. Preformed Control Joint Gaskets: styrene-butadiene rubber compound
ASTM D2000, Designation 2AA-805., designed to fit standard sash block
and to maintain lateral stability in masonry wall; size and
configuration as indicated.

C. Bond Breaker Strips: Asphalt-saturated organic roofing felt complying
with ASTM D226, Type I (No. 15 asphalt felt).

D. Weep Holes: Medium-density round plastic polyethylene tubing,
3/8-inch (9.53 mm) outside diameter by 4 inches (102 mm) long.

E. Waterproofing: Provide Prime-a-Pell 200 water repellent by Chemprobe
Corp. on all exterior exposed CMU or paint according to requirements in
Section 09900, "Painting".

## 

## 2.05 MASONRY CLEANERS

A. Job-Mixed Detergent Solution: Solution of trisodium phosphate
(1/2-cup or 118 mL dry measure) and laundry detergent (1/2-cup or 118 mL
dry measure) dissolved in one gallon (3.78 L) of water.

B. Job-Mixed Muriatic Solution: Solution of 1 part muriatic acid and 10
parts clean water, mixed in a nonmetallic container with acid added to
water.

C. Proprietary Acidic Cleaner: Manufacturer\'s standard-strength,
general-purpose cleaner designed for removing mortar/grout stains,
efflorescence, and other new construction stains from new masonry
surfaces of type indicated below without discoloring or damaging masonry
surfaces; expressly approved for intended use by manufacturer of masonry
units being cleaned.

1\. For masonry not subject to metallic oxidation stains, use
formulation consisting of a concentrated blend of surface-acting acids,
chelating, and wetting agents.

2\. For dark colored masonry not subject to metallic oxidation stains,
use formulation consisting of a liquid blend of surface-acting acids and
special inhibitors.

3\. For masonry subject to metallic oxidation stains, use formulation
consisting of a liquid blend of organic and inorganic acids and special
inhibitors.

4\. Available Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, a
product that may be used to clean unit masonry surfaces includes, but is
not limited to, the following:

\"Sure Klean No. 600 Detergent,\" ProSoCo, Inc.

\"Sure Klean No. 101 Lime Solvent,\" ProSoCo, Inc.

\"Sure Klean Vana Trol,\" ProSoCo, Inc.

# PART 3 - EXECUTION

## 3.01 EXAMINATION

A. Examine conditions for compliance with requirements for installation
tolerances and other specific conditions, and other conditions affecting
performance of concrete masonry unit.

B. Examine rough-in and built-in construction to verify actual locations
of piping connections prior to installation.

C. Do not proceed until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

## PREPARATION

A.  Clean all reinforcement by removing mud, oil, or other materials
    that will adversely affect or reduce bond at the time mortar or
    grout is placed. Reinforcement with rust and/or mill scale will be
    accepted, provided the dimensions and weights, including heights of
    deformations, are not less than required by the ASTM specification
    covering this reinforcement in this Specification.

B.  Prior to placing masonry, remove laitance, loose aggregate, and
    anything else that would prevent mortar from bonding to the
    foundation.

C.  Do not wet concrete masonry prior to installation, unless otherwise
    indicated.

## 3.03 INSTALLATION 

A. General:

1\. Thickness: Build masonry construction to the full thickness shown,
using units of nominal thickness indicated.

2\. Leave openings for equipment to be installed before completion of
masonry. After installation of equipment, complete masonry to match
construction immediately adjacent to the opening.

3\. Cut masonry units with motor-driven saws to provide clean, sharp,
unchipped edges. Cut units as required to provide continuous pattern and
to fit adjoining construction. Use full-size units without cutting where
possible.

4\. Matching Existing Masonry: Match coursing, bonding, color, and
texture of new masonry with existing masonry.

B. Masonry erection:

1\. Lay out walls in advance for accurate spacing of surface bond
patterns with uniform joint widths and for accuratly locating openings,
movement-type joints, returns, and offsets. Avoid the use of
less-than-half-size units at corners, jambs, and where possible at other
locations.

2\. Erect walls to comply with specified construction tolerances, with
courses accurately spaced and coordinated with other construction.

3\. Lay all exposed masonry in one-half running bond with vertical joint
in each course centered on units in courses above and below, do not use
units with less than nominal 4-inch (102 mm) horizontal face dimensions
at corners or jambs.

4\. Lay all concealed masonry with all units in running bond or bonded
by lapping not less than 2 inches (51 mm). Bond and interlock each
course at corners. Do not use units with less than nominal 4-inch (102
mm) horizontal face dimensions at corners or jambs.

5\. Stopping and Resuming Work: In each course, rack back 1/2-unit
length; do not tooth. Clean exposed surfaces of set masonry, and remove
loose masonry units and mortar prior to laying fresh masonry.

6\. Built-In Work: As construction progresses, build in items specified
under this and other sections of the Specifications. Fill in solidly
with masonry around built-in items.

a\. Fill space between hollow metal frames and masonry solidly with
mortar, unless otherwise indicated.

b\. Where built-in items are to be embedded in cores of hollow masonry
units, place a layer of metal lath in the joint below and rod mortar or
grout into core.

c\. Fill cores in hollow concrete masonry units with grout 3 courses
under bearing plates, beams, lintels, posts, and similar items, or as
otherwise indicated on the contract drawings.

## 3.04 CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES

A. Dimension of Elements

1\. In cross section or elevation -1/4 in, +1/2 in. (-6.35 mm, + 12.7
mm)

2\. Mortar joint thickness

bed [+]{.underline}1/8 in. ([+]{.underline} 3.18 mm)

head -1/4 in., +3/8 in. (- 6.35 mm, + 9.53 mm)

collar -1/4 in., +3/8 in. (-6.35 mm, + 9.53 mm)

Initial bed joint shall not be less than 1/4 inch (604 mm) or more than
1 inch (24 mm).

3\. Grout space or cavity width -1/4 in., +3/8 in. (-6.35 mm, + 9.53 mm)

B. Elements

1\. Variation from level:

bed joints [+]{.underline}1/4 in. in 10 ft.([+]{.underline} 6.35 mm in
3.05 m)

[+]{.underline}1/2 in. maximum ([+]{.underline} 12.7 mm)

top surface of bearing walls [+]{.underline}1/4 in. in 10 ft.
([+]{.underline} 6.35 mm in 3.05 m)

[+]{.underline}1/2 in. maximum ([+]{.underline} 12.7 mm)

2\. Variation from plumb [+]{.underline}1/4 in. in 10
ft.([+]{.underline} 6.35 mm in 3.05 m)

[+]{.underline}3/8 in. in 20 ft. ([+]{.underline} 9.53 mm in 6.1 m)

[+]{.underline}1/2 in. maximum ([+]{.underline} 12.7 mm)

3\. True to a line +1/4 in. in 10 ft. (+ 6.35 mm in 3.05 m)

+3/8 in. in 20 ft. (+ 9.53 mm in 6.1 m)

+1/2 in. maximum (+ 12.7 mm)

4\. Alignment of columns and walls (bottom versus top)

+1/4 in. for bearing walls (+ 6.35 mm)

+1/2 in. for nonbearing walls (+ 12.7 mm)

C. Location of Elements

1\. Indicated in plan +1/2 in. in 20 ft. (+ 12.7 mm in 6.1 m)

+3/4 in. maximum (+ 19.1 mm)

2\. Indicated in elevation +1/4 in. in story height (+ 6.35 mm)

+3/4 in. maximum (+ 19.1 mm)

## 3.05 PLACING MORTAR AND UNITS

A. Hollow concrete units:

1\. Face shells of bed joints fully mortared.

2\. Webs are fully mortared in all courses of piers, columns, and
pilasters, in the starting course on foundations, when necessary to
confine grout or loose-fill insulation, and when otherwise required.

3\. For starting course on footings where cells are not grouted, spread
out full mortar bed including areas under cells.

B. Cut joints flush for masonry walls to be concealed or to be covered
by other materials, unless otherwise indicated.

## 3.06 REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION

A. Place reinforcement in accordance with the sizes, types, and
locations indicated on the contract drawings. Horizontal reinforcement
may be placed as the masonry work progresses.

B. Reinforcement shall be secured against displacement prior to grouting
by wire positioners or other suitable devices such as wire tying, at
intervals not exceeding 200 bar diameters.

C. Tolerances: Placement of reinforcement in walls and flexural elements
shall be:

1\. + 1/2 inch (13 mm) when the distance from the centerline of steel to
the opposite face of masonry, *d*, is equal to 8 inches (203 mm) or less

2\. [+]{.underline} 1 inch (25 mm) for *d* equal to 24 inches (600 mm)
or less but greater than 8 inches (203 mm)

3\. [+]{.underline} 1-1/4 inch (32 mm) for *d* greater than 24 inches
(600 mm).

4\. [+]{.underline} 2 inches for longitudinal location of reinforcement.

D. Clearance between reinforcing steel and the surface of the masonry
shall be not less 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) for fine grout and 1/2 inch (12.7
mm) for coarse grout.

E. Do not bend reinforcement after it is embedded in grout or mortar,
unless directed by the SDR.

F. Horizontal Joint Reinforcement: Provide continuous horizontal joint
reinforcement as indicated. Install longitudinal side rods in mortar for
their entire length with a minimum cover of 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) on
exterior side of walls, 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) elsewhere. Lap reinforcing a
minimum of 6 inches (152 mm).

1\. Cut or interrupt joint reinforcement at control and expansion
joints, unless otherwise indicated for structural considerations.

2\. Provide continuity at corners and wall intersections by use of
prefabricated \"L\" and \"T\" sections. Cut and bend reinforcement units
as directed by manufacturer for continuity at returns, offsets, column
fireproofing, pipe enclosures, and other special conditions.

## 3.07 ANCHORING MASONRY TO STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

A. Anchor masonry to structural members where masonry abuts or faces
structural members to comply with the following:

1\. Provide an open space not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in width between
masonry and structural member, unless otherwise indicated. Keep open
space free of mortar or other rigid materials.

2\. Anchor masonry to structural members with flexible anchors embedded
in masonry joints and attached to structure.

3\. Space anchors as indicated, but not more than 24 inches (610 mm)
o.c. vertically and 36 inches (914 mm) o.c. horizontally, unless
otherwise indicated on the contract drawings.

## 3.08 ANCHORING SINGLE-WYTHE MASONRY VENEER

A. Anchor single-wythe masonry veneer to metal studs with masonry veneer
anchors to comply with the following requirements:

1\. Fasten each anchor section through sheathing to metal studs with 2
metal fasteners of type indicated.

2\. Embed tie section in masonry joints. Provide not less than 2-inch
(51-mm) air space between back of masonry veneer wythe and face of
sheathing.

3\. Locate anchor section relative to course in which tie section is
embedded to allow maximum vertical differential movement of tie up and
down.

4\. Space anchors as indicated on the contract drawings, but not more
than 18 inches (457 mm) o.c. vertically and 24 inches (610 mm) o.c.
horizontally with not less than one anchor for each 2 sq. ft (0.19 sq.
m) of wall area. Install additional anchors within 1\'-0\" ( 305 mm) of
openings and at intervals around perimeter not exceeding 8 inches (203
mm).

B. Install vents at the top of each continuous air space in masonry
veneer walls.

## 3.09 MOVEMENT (CONTROL AND EXPANSION) JOINTS

A. Install control and expansion joints in masonry units where
indicated. Build in related items as the masonry progresses. Do not form
a continuous span through movement joints unless provisions are made to
prevent in-plane restraint of wall or partition movement.

B. If location of control joints is not indicated on the contract
drawings, place vertical joints spaced not more than 30 feet (9.1 m)
o.c. Locate control joints at points of natural weakness in masonry
work.

C. Form control joints in concrete masonry as follows:

1\. Fit bond breaker strips into hollow contour in ends of block units
on one side of control joint. Fill the resultant core with grout and
rake joints in exposed faces.

2\. Install preformed control joint gaskets designed to fit standard
sash block.

3\. Install special shapes designed for control joints. Install bond
breaker strips at joint. Keep head joints free and clear of mortar or
rake joint.

D. Build in horizontal pressure-relieving joints where indicated;
construct joints by either leaving an air space or inserting nonmetallic
50 percent compressible joint filler of width required to permit
installation of sealant and backer rod specified in Section 07900
\"Joint Sealants.\"

E. Locate horizontal pressure-relieving joints beneath shelf angles
supporting masonry veneer and attached to structure behind masonry
veneer.

## 3.10 LINTELS

A. Install steel lintels where indicated.

B. Provide masonry lintels where shown and wherever openings of more
than 2\'-0\" (610 mm) for block size units are shown without structural
steel or other supporting lintels. Provide precast or formed-in-place
masonry lintels. Cure precast lintels before handling and installation.
Temporarily support formed-in-place lintels.

C. For hollow concrete masonry unit walls, use specially formed bond
beam units with reinforcement bars placed as indicated and filled with
coarse grout.

D. Provide minimum bearing of 8 inches (203 mm) at each jamb, unless
otherwise indicated.

## 3.11 WEEP HOLES

A. Install weep holes in the head joints of the first course of masonry
immediately above embedded flashings and as follows:

1\. Form weep holes with product specified in Part 2 of this Section.

2\. Space weep holes 24 inches (610 mm) o.c., unless otherwise
indicated.

## 3.12 INSTALLATION AND GROUTING OF REINFORCED MASONRY UNIT

A. Temporary Formwork: Construct formwork and shores to support
reinforced masonry elements during construction.

B. Construct formwork to conform to shape, line, and dimensions shown.
Make sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar and grout. Brace,
tie, and support forms to maintain position and shape during
construction and curing of reinforced masonry.

C. Do not place grout until entire height of masonry to be grouted has
attained sufficient strength to resist displacement of masonry units and
breaking of mortar bond.

D. All cells and spaces containing reinforcement shall be filled with
grout.

E. Prior to grouting, grout space shall be cleaned so that all spaces to
be filled with grout do not contain mortar drippings, debris, loose
aggregates, and any material deleterious to masonry grout.

F. Place reinforcement and ties in grout spaces prior to grouting. Bolts
shall be accurately set and held in place to prevent dislocation during
grouting.

G. Grouting of any section of wall shall be completed in one day with no
interruption greater than one hour.

H. Cleanouts: Provide cleanouts in the bottom course of masonry for each
grout pour, when the grout pour height exceeds 5 feet (1.5 m).

1\. Provide cleanouts adjacent to each vertical bar.

2\. In solid grouted masonry, space cleanouts horizontally a maximum of
32 inches (813 mm) o.c.

3\. Construct cleanouts with an opening of sufficient size to permit
removal of debris. Minimum opening dimension shall be 3 inches (76 mm).

4\. Cleanouts shall be sealed after inspection and before grouting.

I. Place grout within 1 1/2 hour from introducing water in the mixture
and prior to initial set.

J. Grout Lift Height: Place grout in lifts not exceeding 5 feet (1.5 m).

K. Consolidation: Consolidate grout at the time of placement.

1\. Consolidate grout pours 12 inches (305 mm) or less in height by
mechanical vibration or by puddling.

2\. Consolidate pours exceeding 12 inches (305 mm) in height by
mechanical vibration and reconsolidate by mechanical vibration after
initial water loss and settlement has occurred.

## 3.13 PARGING

A. Parge predampened masonry walls where indicated with Type S or N
mortar applied in two uniform coats to a total thickness of 3/4 inch
(19.05 mm). Scarify first parging coat to ensure full bond to subsequent
coat.

B. Use a steel-trowel finish to produce a smooth, flat, dense surface
with a maximum surface variation of 1/8 inch per foot (3.175 mm per m).
Form a wash at top of parging and a cove at bottom.

C. Damp cure parging for at least 24 hours and protect until cured.

## 3.14 REPAIRING, POINTING, AND CLEANING

A. Remove and replace masonry units that are loose, chipped, broken,
stained, or otherwise damaged or if units do not match adjoining units.
Install new units to match adjoining units and in fresh mortar or grout,
pointed to eliminate evidence of replacement.

B. Pointing: During the tooling of joints, enlarge any voids or holes,
except weep holes, and completely fill with mortar. Point-up all joints
including corners, openings, and adjacent construction to provide a
neat, uniform appearance, prepared for application of sealants.

C. Final Cleaning: After mortar is thoroughly set and cured, clean
exposed masonry as follows:

1\. Remove large mortar particles by hand with wooden paddles and
nonmetallic scrape hoes or chisels.

2\. Protect adjacent stone and nonmasonry surfaces from contact with
cleaner by covering them with liquid strippable masking agent,
polyethylene film, or waterproof masking tape.

3\. Wet wall surfaces with water prior to application of cleaners;
remove cleaners promptly by rinsing thoroughly with clear water.

4\. Leave the work area and surrounding surfaces clean and free of
mortar, spots, droppings and broken masonry. Remove defective or broken
work and install new work.

D. Waterproofing: After completion of final cleaning, apply
waterproofing according to the manufacturer's installation instructions
ensuring that all exposed masonry surfaces receive full coverage.

END OF SECTION