r![](media/image1.wmf){width="6.497916666666667in"
height="8.259027777777778in"}

**Strategic Facilities Plan**

**Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\
**

Prepared for the

Office of Science

U.S. Department of Energy

October 2000\
Berkeley, California 94720

![](media/image2.png)

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number
DE-AC03-76SF00098

Contents

Executive Summary [1](#__RefHeading___Toc496344194)

Laboratory Mission and Role [1](#__RefHeading___Toc496344195)

Infrastructure Vision, Goals and Objectives
[3](#__RefHeading___Toc496344196)

Facility and Infrastructure Issues [4](#__RefHeading___Toc496344197)

Planning Assumptions [6](#__RefHeading___Toc496344198)

Plan for Modernization [8](#__RefHeading___Toc496344199)

> Site [8](#__RefHeading___Toc496344200)
>
> Existing Facilities -- Demolitions [8](#__RefHeading___Toc496344201)
>
> Rehabilitation Projects [9](#__RefHeading___Toc496344202)
>
> Environmental Remediation [10](#__RefHeading___Toc496344208)
>
> Information Technologies Infrastructure
> [10](#__RefHeading___Toc496344209)
>
> Utilities [11](#__RefHeading___Toc496344211)
>
> New Construction [11](#__RefHeading___Toc496344214)

Resources Needs Summary [14](#__RefHeading___Toc496344223)

> Multiprogram Energy Laboratory Facilities Support (MEL-FS)
> [14](#__RefHeading___Toc496344224)
>
> General Plant Projects (GPP) [14](#__RefHeading___Toc496344225)
>
> General Purpose Equipment (GPE) [15](#__RefHeading___Toc496344226)
>
> Real Property Maintenance [15](#__RefHeading___Toc496344227)
>
> Demolition/Removal of Contaminated and Non-Contaminated Facilities
> [15](#__RefHeading___Toc496344228)
>
> Operating Funding [17](#__RefHeading___Toc496344229)

Plan Development and Prioritization Process
[17](#__RefHeading___Toc496344230)

Performance Metrics and Change Indicators
[19](#__RefHeading___Toc496344236)

Appendices

> Appendix A -- Programmatic Research Needs
> [20](#__RefHeading___Toc496344240)
>
> Appendix B -- Resource Needs Spreadsheet
> [28](#__RefHeading___Toc496344259)
>
> Appendix C -- Proposed Major Construction Map -- MEL-FS and
> Programmatic\
> Line Item Projects [29](#__RefHeading___Toc496344261)

NOTE: This October 2000 edition is substantially the same as the
September 2000 edition. The October edition incorporates additional
Information Technology text. This can be found in the Information
Technologies Infrastructure section on page 10, General Purpose
Equipment (GPE) section on page 15 and in Appendix B where subitems have
been added in the Operating funding and GPE budgets. A new Networking
Facilities subsection has been added in the Operating funding section of
Appendix B. This addition increases the overall Operating funding needs
identified. There are otherwise no changes to the overall budget figures
in Appendix B. A map showing the location of each of the proposed new
buildings has been added as Appendix C. Minor edits have also been made
in preparing the October 2000 edition.

Strategic Facilities Plan\
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344194 .anchor}Executive Summary

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has prepared this
Strategic Facili­ties Plan in order to prioritize and guide
infra­structure and facility developments to advance the physical and
multidisciplinary sciences that have been a key to the nation's
prosperity. Modern, effective and efficient physical infrastructure is
critical to maintaining the capabilities of the mul­tiprogram
laboratories. These laboratories have a tradition of providing
first-of-a-kind enabling dis­coveries and technologies that drive
national advances and advantages.

The Berkeley Lab *Strategic Facilities Plan* has been prepared to
sustain Berkeley Lab's contribu­tions to the DOE's mission. This 10-year
Strategic Facilities Plan was prepared for the Department of Energy's
(DOE's) Office of Science as part of its "Laboratories of the 21st
Century" initiative. The *Plan* describes:

\(1\) the scientific mission of this Laboratory,

\(2\) the facilities and infrastructure changes needed to support the
planned research mission and

> \(3\) the operational and performance issues that must be addressed to
> meet the modernization goals described in this Plan.

This Plan identifies existing and anticipated infrastructure
deficiencies, and it proposes actions that can be taken to address these
deficiencies be­fore they can have any impact upon the science that is at
the core of our mission. Current roles and anticipated changes call for
strategic invest­ments in the renewal of the scientific and support
infrastructure that is essential for Berkeley Lab to meet its mission
and program obligations.

As Berkeley Lab is the oldest of the DOE National Laboratories, portions
of its infrastruc­ture and a number of facilities are candidates for
renovation and replacement at this time. The physical plant must be
modernized so that it appropriately supports the science of today and
the coming decades and ensures that the infrastructure is not a barrier
to achieving programmatic goals.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344195 .anchor}Laboratory Mission and Role

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is a multiprogram national
re­search facility and an integral element of the Department of Energy's
National Laboratory System. Berkeley Lab's programs, all unclassified,
support DOE's mission to maintain "a secure and reliable energy system
that is environmentally and economically sustainable" and to ensure
"continued United States leadership in science and technology," as
stated in DOE's *Strategic Plan*. These programs also support the
Comprehensive National Energy Strategy to "work internationally on
global issues," to "im­prove the efficiency of the energy system," and to
"expand future energy choices through wise investments in basic science
and new technologies."

Berkeley Lab's principal role for DOE is fundamental science; for
example, developing powerful experimental and computational systems for
exploring properties of matter, deepening our understanding of molecular
interactions and synthesis, and gaining insights into biological
molecules, cells, and tissues.

Berkeley Lab is a major contributor of research on energy resources,
including the earth's structure and energy reservoirs, fusion,
combustion of fuels, and keys to efficient energy storage and use. In
addition, Berkeley Lab is extensively involved in environmental
research,

including subsurface contaminant transport, bioremediation and indoor
air quality.

User facilities at Berkeley Lab include the Advanced Light Source,
National Energy Re­search Scientific Computing Center, National Center
for Electron Microscopy, 88-Inch Cyclo­tron, Gammasphere, Biomedical
Isotope Facility and National Tritium Labeling Facility. Our
mul­tidisciplinary research environment and unique location adjacent to
the University of California at Berkeley and the heart of the Bay Area,
in a technology-intensive region serve to strengthen partnerships with
universities, industry, and government laboratories (see Figure 1).

Berkeley Lab's principal, contributing and specialized participating
roles conform to DOE's *Strategic Laboratory Missions Plan* and the
laboratory profile reports that distinguish each of the national
laboratories*.* Berkeley Lab's mission statement, as stated in its FY
2001--2005 *Institutional Plan*, articulates four distinct Laboratory
goals that support the DOE mission:

• To perform leading multidisciplinary research in the energy sciences,
general sciences, biosciences, and computing sciences in a manner that
ensures employee and public safety and protection of the environment.

• To develop and operate unique national experimental facilities for
qualified
inves­tigators.![](media/image3.wmf){width="4.699305555555555in"
height="3.6902777777777778in"}

• To educate and train future generations of scientists and engineers to
promote national science and education goals.

• To transfer knowledge and technological in­novations and to foster
productive relation­ships among Berkeley Lab's research pro­grams,
universities, and industry in order to promote national economic
competitiveness.

Up to the 10-year planning horizon, Berkeley Lab's mission will be
sustained in fundamental research, energy resources and environmental
quality (see Appendix A). Berkeley Lab does not anticipate major growth
in programmatic activity, outside of DOE mission initiatives. On the
other hand, advances in the Laboratory's scientific programs and the
emerging developments in DOE program areas are expected to sustain key
trends, such as: a growing population of users at the Advanced Light
Source and other user facilities; more pow­erful computational
capabilities integrated with science applications; increased scale of
new bio­science programs in functional genomics and structural biology;
and a new understanding of the universe, matter and energy through
advances in astrophysics, detectors, and accelerator science. In
addition, energy and environmental issues will reaffirm the research
focus on inertial fusion en­ergy science, carbon sequestration, and
reliability-of-electric-power and energy-efficiency research as the
nation addresses its energy supply problems.

Both the current roles and the anticipated changes---especially in
growth of nano-scale sci­ence, advanced instrumentation, computation, and
the new biology---call for strategic investments and renewal of
scientific and support infrastruc­ture that is essential for Berkeley Lab
to meet its current and anticipated mission and program obli­gations.

Major new scientific instrumentation and experimental programs are not
included in the scope of this plan. Such facilities as, for example, a
new accelerator for high energy or nuclear physics, a major test
accelerator for inertial fusion energy, and a major new fourth
generation syn­chrotron radiation source offer the prospect for
significant scientific and economic benefit con­sistent with Berkeley
Lab's current research ex­pertise. Because of their size and uniqueness,
such significant initiatives are planned and advanced through national
and international scientific fo­rums. The Laboratory has and will
continue to advance new, novel and innovative accelerators, x ray
sources, and other instrumentation through its ongoing programs.

Some program growth and redirection may oc­cur in selected areas, such as
additional operations to ac­commodate the expanding user communi­ties,
current and anticipated national initiatives such as those in
nanoscience and computing and, po­tentially, other areas. However, the
strategic facility investments called for in this plan are essential and
valuable to Berkeley Lab and to DOE programs under level operating cost
con­ditions, adjusted for inflation.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344196 .anchor}Infrastructure Vision, Goals\
and Objectives

The infrastructure for the DOE National Labo­ratory system supports some
of the most produc­tive scientific institutions in the nation. Berkeley
Lab is a renowned and preferred research location. Yet the continued
reliance on an aged and decay­ing physical plant impedes research,
reduces pro­ductivity, and makes recruitment and retention of our
top-quality scientists and engineers much more difficult.

As indicated in the *Strategic Plan of the Office of Science*, a key
objective for this Laboratory is to "provide leading research facilities
and instru­mentation to expand the frontiers of the natural sciences."
Berkeley Lab's infrastructure planning and management efforts are
directed towards sus­taining the Office of Science mission and its
stra­tegic objective. This will require that several fa­cilities be
upgraded and renovated to conform to modern standards, and the
replacement of a few structures that can no longer be economically
up­graded.

The sections that follow describe facilities in­vestments that must be
made to sustain Berkeley Lab's contributions to the strategic plans of
DOE and the Office of Science. In addition, the Laboratory's Strategic
Facility Plan supports DOE's planning objective "for achieving
laboratories of the 21st century."

The principal goals of the *Strategic Facilities Plan* are to:

• Provide laboratories, offices and infrastructure systems appropriate
to Berkeley Lab's re­search roles for DOE.

• Support the growing user community at Berkeley Lab's scientific
facilities.

• Provide an environment that is safe, efficient, and enabling for
staff, guests, and the commu­nity.

Consistent with these goals, Berkeley Lab has adopted the following
infrastructure planning objectives:

• *Mission*: Anticipate the changes in Berkeley Lab's technological
capabilities that will be required to meet programmatic and mission
direction in order to accommodate Berkeley Lab's long-term mission for
the next 20 to 30 years.

• *Quality and Value*: Continuously improve the quality, uniqueness and
value of this world-class scientific research facility to Berkeley Lab's
stakeholders (the research and academic communities, institutional
researchers, the Federal government, Congress and the general public) so
that both current and future research expectations are fully realized.

• *Working Environment*: Provide facilities and a campus that is a
"preferred" working environment for the caliber of scientists and
engineers that we need to attract and retain.

• *Security:* Provide visiting scientists access and the opportunity to
collaborate with Laboratory researchers while protecting security and
assets.

• *Flexibility and Versatility:* Building and interior construction will
respect the dynamic changes in scientific programs. Interior
space/layout will be adaptable for new program work, and office space
will require only minimal modifications to accommodate program changes
and staff relocation.

• *Durability and Longevity:* We will strive to use materials and
construction technologies that yield structures capable of providing 50+
useful years of research use without a major renovation.

• *Environmental Safety and Health:* Building materials, design and
construction should provide a safe working environment for the occupants
as well as a model of environmen­tally sustainable design and materials
of construction.

• *Sustainability:* Incorporate environmentally sound and energy-saving
design, materials and utilities that will use state-of-the-art
technology where appropriate.

> • *Cost:* Ensure that the proposed investments yield a significantly
> high rate of return and help minimize operating and maintenance costs.

The mission drivers and facilities identified in this Plan advance DOE
missions and Office of Science programs---principally, the Offices of
Basic Energy Sciences, Biological and Environ­mental Research, High
Energy and Nuclear Physics, Advanced Scientific Computing Re­search, and
Fusion Energy Science. In addition, technology advancements made by
Berkeley Lab support the Energy Efficiency and Renewable En­ergy
programs, the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, and other
elements of DOE. The potential new construction included in this report
supports the DOE *Strategic Plan*, the *Science Portfolio,* and the
*Strategic Plan of the Office of Science*.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344197 .anchor}Facility and Infrastructure
Issues

Berkeley Lab's 82-hectare (200-acre) main site is immediately adjacent
to the University of California at Berkeley (UC Berkeley). The main site
encompasses 1.7 million gross square feet (mgsf). In 2000, there are 112
buildings of conventional construction and 108 trailers and other
structures at the main site. Additional space on the UC Berkeley campus
totals 90,000 gross square feet (gsf); and 210,000 gsf are in leased
buildings in the cities of Berkeley, Oakland, and Walnut Creek (see
Figure 2).

Berkeley Lab's role for DOE has changed since the first Manhattan
project and 184-Inch Cyclotron facilities were constructed in the early
1940s. The challenge to Berkeley Lab in achieving its current
multiprogram Office of Science mission is that more than 70 percent (or
1.2 mgsf, of Berkeley Lab's total current space 1.7 mgsf) was
constructed prior to 1970, when the Laboratory was a single-purpose
Atomic Energy Commission facility. The evolution of the Labo­ratory is
given in Figure 3.![](media/image6.png){width="4.59375in"
height="2.3631944444444444in"}

Some of the main site buildings are no longer appropriate for the
current research program and most of these buildings are reaching the
end of their service life. (The age distribution of Berkeley Lab
buildings is given in Figure 4.) Indeed, many of the most serious
facilities problems stem from the continued use of temporary Manhattan
Project single-wall build­ings served by 1940s utilities, structural and
de­sign systems. These facilities do not have the mechanical systems
(e.g. air handling, heating, cooling, and plumbing) and electrical
systems necessary to effectively or efficiently conduct current
research. Many of these systems are vital to providing adequate
cleanliness, fume removal, treatment, power, gas handling, and other
opera­tions necessary for experimental programs. In other instances, the
buildings are not structurally satisfactory, and some are condemned or
have occupancy limitations. In many cases, the buildings were intended
for temporary occupancy or for specialized functions that are no longer
being conducted. Use of unsatisfactory space is costly and requires
reliance on administrative controls to ensure that operational safety
requirements con­tinue to be attained.
![](media/image7.wmf){width="4.299305555555556in"
height="3.178472222222222in"}

The most significant facility no longer serving DOE programs is the
Bevatron, which encom­passes 10 percent of Berkeley Lab's space and
occupies a central location that should serve pri­ority DOE missions,
including programmatic projects described in Appendix A.

Except for the Bevatron accelerator, all offices, laboratories, and
support facilities at Berkeley Lab that can be occupied are 100-percent
utilized.

The total replacement value of Berkeley Lab's facilities is \$1,038M, as
reported in the Facilities Information Management System (FIMS), and the
value of the equipment in the facilities is \$470M. On an annual basis,
Berkeley Lab invests \$5M in non-capital projects in the buildings. The
DOE Office of High Energy Physics provides \$3.5M for General Plant
Projects. The Multiprogram Energy Laboratory-Facilities Support (MEL-FS)
Program provided an average of \$4M over the past seven years.
Collectively, these resources provide a 1.2-percent annual investment
rate---or a turnover time of 83 years, excluding additional program
construction funds.

Approximately 331,000 square feet of Ber­keley Lab's space at the main
site is substandard and in need of replacement (Figure 5). Existing
research missions need this space, and much of it remains in use pending
replacement.

If maintained well and updated where required, the vast majority---some
81%‑of Berkeley Lab's main site space can continue to serve the research
mission. For example, 89% of computer space, 97% of wet lab space, and
84% of dry lab space are rated as adequate or functional in 2000. Still,
Berkeley Lab must continue to upgrade facilities that are rated as
"minor or major rehab needed," rather than "adequate," to ensure that
they continue to meet researcher needs as well as all applicable health,
safety, environmental, and perform­ance standards. Moreover, as space is
at a premium capabilities must be increased in order to reduce
overcrowding. Evaluation of building condition and usability is based on
categories utilized in FIMS.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344198 .anchor}Planning Assumptions

DOE-derived operating funding will grow by no more than the rate of
inflation for the period 2002 through 2012, with the exception of new
program-sponsored initiatives such as those in nanoscience and
computing.

New programmatic initiatives that require ma­jor new experimental/user
facilities or site development are not emphasized in this Strategic
Facilities Plan. These large projects will be assessed and developed in
other planning forums.

Most of the development of Berkeley Lab facilities and programs will
occur on the main site. Facilities and programs will be located offsite
only if this is more suitable.

Berkeley Lab will continue to perform highly collaborative
multidisciplinary research that brings to bear the power of the physical
sciences, computing, engineering, and life sciences on problems of
national importance. Research changes in this planning period will
require new and renovated facilities with diverse capabilities (e.g.,
wet labs and computer facilities) that are collocated so that they
provide effective support for collaborative research projects.

The direction of research at Berkeley Lab will continue to evolve within
the general scientific framework that exists today. During this planning
period, we anticipate further strengthening of life

sciences programs, including structural biology and genomics; increased
emphasis on computing, both as a research tool and as a subject of
research itself; continued growth in the nanosciences and related
materials research; and increased attention to energy and environmental
sciences. Berkeley Lab will continue to be a national resource for
detector arrays, accelerator design, and the fabri­cation of complex and
specialized accelerator components.

Advances in electronic communication, remote experiment control
capabilities, and remote visualization will require state-of-the-art
facilities for electronic conferencing employing both individual
workstations and groups.

Berkeley Lab user facilities will serve an ever-broader national
community. These unique facilities will require additional support, both
for themselves and for associated facilities that will have direct
electronic connections to experimental and fabrication
facilities.![](media/image8.wmf){width="1.46875in"
height="1.5527777777777778in"}

Research tools and practices will continue to evolve. Efficient
laboratory operations require facilities that can be adapted quickly and
cost-effectively as requirements change. Buildings and the support
infrastructure must be updated so that they can efficiently match the
pace of modifications required by modern scientific technology and
practice.

Research buildings that are fundamentally sound but which were
constructed prior to the development of modern standards will need to be
renovated and upgraded.

A few facilities, generally structures built as temporary facilities
when construction materials were in short supply during WW II and in the
early Cold War period, must be

• modernized and rehabilitated, or

• replaced with new modern facilities when they cannot be
cost-effectively upgraded

in order to meet the research require­ments brought about by changes in
research tech­nologies and practices.

An increasing concern with environmental considerations will require
additional onsite materials storage and handling capabilities.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344199 .anchor}Plan for Modernization

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344200 .anchor}Site

Berkeley Lab strives to meet the operational requirements of a
first-class research facility while also respecting the natural
environment. The undeveloped areas of the site are generally maintained
consistent with principals that utilize native and naturalized plant
communities. The undeveloped areas are also maintained as a fuel break,
affording important protection to the Laboratory and the surrounding
community from wildland fire risks.

The developed portions of the Laboratory were established during WW II
and the Cold War. During these times site planning guidelines were
generally respected, but pressing needs did not allow for full
implementation of site planning principles. Today, the Laboratory is
working to locate staff and facilities in related sciences to common
areas in order to further improve communication, interaction and
efficiency. The Laboratory is focusing efforts to ensure that guests and
facility users can easily access the Laboratory and that they feel
comfortable conducting their work here. The Laboratory is also working
to make improvements that further improve relations with local
communities and stakeholders.

The following are planning concepts to modernize the site:

• Meet programming needs and vision of the scientific community.

-- Provide infrastructure to enable future growth and expansion

-- Provide physical surroundings that reflect the value of the
scientific research

-- Create environments that foster the highest level of scientific
thinking

-- Adopt a planning process that is responsive to new developments
within the scientific disciplines

• Develop Laboratory "Town Center" and a sense of community:

-- Create distinctive public space for community gatherings

-- Cluster public functions, such as administrative buildings, library,
conference center, etc.

-- Focus on pedestrian and public-transit- based circulation hubs

-- Encourage Berkeley Lab community to interact in various ways

• Commit to sustainable design and development. Develop green design
practices.

-- Preserve the natural beauty of the laboratory site

-- Encourage the development of a pedestrian-friendly site. Link
pedestrian circulation to transit and building entrances

• Promote "quality of life"

-- Provide physical surroundings that contribute to productive and
informed employees

-- Focus on interior working space that highly integrates components of
the natural environment and light, with exterior vistas of hillsides and
landscaped areas. Quality space contributes to quality work.

-- Unify and strengthen the visual streetscape of the site, making the
laboratory site both safe and friendly.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344201 .anchor}Existing Facilities --
Demolitions

Twenty-seven percent of the Lab's space on the main site is located in
two closed accelerator complexes and in buildings constructed during or
immediately after WW II. Demolition of the abandoned Bevatron is
necessary so that this large area of Berkeley Lab can be used
productively. Other WW II era buildings, which provide minimal support
for modern science, will be demolished as part of projects to construct
replacement buildings. These other structures are typically light-frame
and do not contain structural elements that have acquired induced
radiation. However, the Bevatron requires attention as a separate
project. The Bevatron comprises 164,100 gsf of Laboratory space, about
10 percent of the space on the main site. Since it ceased operation in
1992, the Bevatron has been largely abandoned by the Department of
Energy, with no source of funds for its decontamination and demolition.

A key element of the *Strategic Facilities Plan* is the demolition of
the Bevatron facility. This complex is at the very heart of the
Laboratory and the need for usable space in this area is pressing.
Indeed, this site can be used productively for mission-critical
facilities that must be available to meet the computing infrastructure
needs of the 21st century. The cost of the project is dependent on the
potential for recycling components of this facility and the extent of
environmental cleanup that may be required (see Appendix A).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344202 .anchor}Existing Facilities --
Rehabilitation Projects

Berkeley Lab has an effective maintenance program that works to allow
researchers to use building space and all other assets for the maxi­mum
number of years. Most Berkeley Lab build­ings remain usable; however,
there are a few highly critical buildings that require rehabilitation,
because their basic systems are not capable of meeting the requirements
of modern science. These buildings are fundamentally sound; reno­vation
to incorporate modern utilities and to ad­dress current codes will extend
their useful lives for many more decades---at a fraction of the cost of
new construction. One potential project, Buildings 77/77A, is currently
in review and is not discussed in this plan. All other rehabilitation
projects are summarized in the sections that follow.

Building 90 HVAC Upgrade

In Building 90, average interior temperatures from May through September
range from 74 to 80 degrees F, and peak daytime temperatures can rise to
90-plus degrees on many days. Occupants are uncomfortable on hot days
and are sometimes sent home. Some computers have
overheated.![](media/image13.jpeg){width="2.9993055555555554in"
height="1.9979166666666666in"}

This project will provide an evaporative cool­ing system for Building 90,
reducing supply air temperatures during periods when the building's
inlet air temperature exceeds 75 degrees F. At an estimate TEC of
\$700K, this is an extremely eco­nomical alternative to a mechanical
refrigeration system estimated to cost in excess of \$3M. It will reduce
peak temperatures from 95 to 78 degrees F, improving comfort and
productivity while decreasing lost time and expensive downtime caused by
equipment overheating.

Improve Office Quality and Utilization\
in Building 50

Offices on the second and third floors of Building 50 were designed in
an era when space was not at a premium. They are generally too large or
inefficiently configured to support current functions. They also lack
the modern lighting, ventilation/cooling, and space-efficient furniture
that comprise the quality office required to attract and retain
high-level research staff in the physics and computational sciences.

This project, with a conceptual estimate of approximately \$4.0M, would
reconfigure approximately 26,000 gsf of offices. Resizing offices from
their current size to approximately 120 square feet will create
approximately 40 additional offices. The lighting and HVAC systems will
be completely revamped to meet the expectations of today's scientific
staff.

Rehabilitation and Modernization of\
the 71 Complex

The Office of Science requires advanced accelerator front ends and ion
sources for new and upgraded accelerators for High Energy and Nuclear
Physics, and for other Science programs. This project provides
sufficient space for that needs and addresses other general scientific
needs as well. This project will renovate currently unusable space and
consolidate the Ion Beam Technology Program.

The scope of the project includes removal of the SuperHILAC and its
support systems, leveling of floor sections and modernization of the
utilities. This project has an estimated cost of \$4.0M.

Building 74 Rehabilitation

Building 74 was originally constructed as an animal holding facility. As
animal studies have been replaced with laboratory techniques that reduce
the need for animals, four alteration projects have been completed over
the past 40 years. Today more than 75% of this building has been
converted from animal holding to research laboratory functions.

While most of the space within Building 74 has been converted to uses
other than those for which the building was designed, Building 74's
mechanical, electrical, structural, and architec­tural infrastructure
systems have not been corre­spondingly upgraded.

The proposed project will correct HVAC, electrical, and structural
problems. The estimated cost of this GPP project is \$4.9M.

Building 62 -- Upgrade of Building\
Operating Systems.

At 56,314 gsf, Building 62 is one of Berkeley Lab's largest multipurpose
laboratory facilities. Building 62 urgently needs a comprehensive
upgrade of its infrastructure systems to support current and future
research demand for wet chemistry laboratories and clean rooms, and to
provide for the health and safety of building occu­pants.

• This project will replace aged wooden fumehoods, install a new
centralized exhaust system, and install a modern acid waste
neutralization system.

• To obtain constant air temperature and pressure conditions in the
laboratories and provide for clean room capability, the project will
modify the building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
system and install variable air volume controls in the laboratories.

• The existing low-conductivity water (LCW) system will be expanded and
upgraded to meet existing demand and furnish ample LCW for the new wet
chemistry labs.

• The estimated cost of this project is \$4.9M.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344208 .anchor}Existing Facilities --
Environmental Remediation

Berkeley Lab is completing a site survey to comprehensively identify any
contaminated areas. Working with DOE, Berkeley Lab will prepare and
adopt a remediation plan in the near future.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344209 .anchor}Information Technologies
Infrastructure

To meet expanding information technology needs, four programmatic line
item projects are proposed (see Appendix A), an increase in funding for
GPE projects is requested (see GPE section) and a significant laboratory
operations budget initiative is proposed (see next section).

Networking Facilities Needs

The vision of network support for Berkeley Lab in the next ten years
calls for substantially enhanced performance parameters and
capabili­ties. Networking will move beyond "transport" to include a broad
range of services. Increases in performance demand has been readily
measured at ![](media/image14.jpeg){width="2.9930555555555554in"
height="2.063888888888889in"}

100% per year over the past several years, and over a ten-year
extrapolation translates to a con­servative growth factor of 1,000.
Whereas LBNL is now deploying 100-Mbps to 1-Gbps switched infrastructure
today, growth to equivalent per­formance levels of 100 Gbps to 1 Tbps
over a ten-year timeframe can be anticipated. Additionally, it can be
expected that the range of components and systems that will be "network
smart" will in­crease dramatically, resulting in the need to attach
end-systems numbering in the hundreds of thou­sands to millions for a
laboratory facility such as Berkeley Lab.

Beyond simple extrapolation of performance and connectivity, it can be
expected that network services capability will be greatly expanded. The
network will become the "research infrastructure backbone"
interconnecting scientific resources and researchers on a global basis.
Researchers will work in a "virtual laboratory:" their geographic
location will be largely irrelevant. Research activities will include
remote interactions involving massive distributed computing resources,
experimental facilities, support services, and communications systems.
The impact on laboratory infrastructure will be significant. Substantial
wireless technology will be necessary to support the anticipated
conversion to that technology and the anticipated significant growth in
end-systems connected to LBLnet. High-end performance networks will
remain "wired" and will probably require significant upgrade of
fiber-optic facilities. The computers, storage, and network equipment
required to implement this laboratory computing initiative is expected
to cost in the neighborhood of \$40M. Ongoing costs of \$600K per year
for network maintenance and improvements are anticipated.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344211 .anchor}Utilities

The utilities systems have been maintained and most are in reasonably
good condition. However, weak points in a utility system must be
addressed in order for the entire system to operate reliably. Two Line
Item Projects are proposed to address utility reliability and
performance issues. These are modest but critical projects.

Sitewide Water Distribution Upgrade, Phase 1

This project will correct serious performance deficiencies in the
high-pressure water system to assure an ample water supply under normal
operating conditions as well as during fire and earthquake emergencies.
Cast iron pipe will be replaced, cathodic protection installed, and
pressure reducing and isolation valves replaced. This proj­ect includes
construction of a 200,000-gallon fire water storage tank on the eastern
edge of Berkeley Lab. Under the *Wildland Fire Risk Management Plan*,
the eastern edge of Berkeley Lab is maintained as a critical fuel-break
protecting Berkeley Lab assets from the periodic and dangerous
Diablo-wind-driven wildland fires that occur in the East Bay Hills. The
service road to the tank site will be upgraded and fire hydrants
in­stalled so that mutual-aid fire suppression forces can safely fight
any flame front approaching Berkeley Lab. The estimated cost is \$8.3M.

Rehabilitation of Site Mechanical\
Utilities, Phase 2

Berkeley Lab's infrastructure piping systems for natural gas,
low-conductivity water (LCW), compressed air, and storm drainage serve
over 100 buildings and facilities, including two major user facilities
and four national user facilities. Corrosive soil conditions have caused
leaks and failures in underground sections of these piping systems,
resulting in excessive maintenance costs and the potential for serious
disruptions of mis­sion-critical research and hazards to life safety.

By replacing some parts of these systems and installing cathodic
protection for other parts, Re­habilitation of Site Mechanical Utilities,
Phase 2 will economically prevent failures and arrest dete­rioration due
to corrosion. This will extend system life and assure system performance
and integrity during normal operations as well as during fire and
earthquake emergencies. The estimated cost is \$8.2M.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344214 .anchor}New Construction

General purpose facilities infrastructure is required to meet the needs
of Berkeley Lab's scientific programs and to conduct operational and
administrative support. This support includes the operations function;
general engineering support; general computing support infrastructure;
service needs for personnel, including environmental, health, and safety
resources; property protection and emergency services; transportation
services; cafeteria and conference services; and other infra­structure
needs. The following buildings (and a summary of utility system needs)
are important elements of the *Strategic Facilities Plan*.

Operations Building

Upgrading and consolidating operations func­tions, which are primarily
associated with the Facilities Department, will improve Berkeley Lab
efficiency and conditions. An Operations Building is a high priority and
is vital for the continuity of facilities services and to address the
inefficiencies in the existing distribution of facilities services. The
building will allow consolidation of existing services and replace aged
temporary trailers. Important Berkeley Lab support functions to be
located in the building include: facilities management, administration,
planning, architecture and engineering, inspection, project management,
management information systems, estimating, site services, and other
support activities.

The Operations Building will save annual operating costs through
productivity gains, func­tional efficiency, energy conservation, reduced
onsite travel, and reduced maintenance costs. This building will result
in a net gain of needed shop space through relocation of administrative
func­tions from shop areas to more efficient office space. The facility
will relieve crowded condi­tions, especially in shop areas. The
Laboratory's emergency preparedness will also be improved by relocating
the Facility Department's Emergency Operations Center from the shop area
to the new building. In addition, the appropriate space and physical
safeguards will be provided for record management and storage. The
Operations Building will be located between Buildings 75 and 76. The
25,000 gsf facility has an estimated cost of \$13M.

Administrative Services Building\
(Replace Building
29)![](media/image15.jpeg){width="2.9895833333333335in"
height="2.2444444444444445in"}

Building 29 and its four associated trailers (see Table I) contain
15,600 gsf of office and dry lab space. Building 29 was constructed in
the 1940s and has been condemned and vacated. This building is not
structurally sound and is subject to collapse. The four trailers are
also in very poor condition. An Administrative Services Building to
replace these condemned structures will bring a variety of essential
administrative support functions to a central area, where these services
can be efficiently managed and easily accessed by all staff and guest
researchers. This new building will house some of the current occupants
of the Building 29 trailers and key Laboratory administrative functions
that are now scattered across the site. These include the Laboratory's
Education Center, the Technology Transfer and Patent Departments, and
the library. This project will demolish the old structures and construct
a 31,000 gsf building at this site. The estimated cost is \$24M.

Engineering Support Facility

Engineering support requires additional space to address demands for
assembly space. An effective solution is to construct a 19,000 gsf
addition to Berkeley Lab's primary engineering support center. All
research divisions use these engineering services. This addition will
add dry laboratory, computer, and office space to Building 77A. The
Building 77 complex contains the Laboratory's primary assembly and
engineering research spaces. This addition will allow consolidation of
all primary engineering functions at a single site, improving
coordination, efficiency, and research support. The estimated cost is
\$14.5M.

Replace Building 25 (Seismic Stability)

Building 25 is actually an assembly of building additions surrounding a
core building constructed during World War II. This 28,000 gsf dry lab
and office building does not meet seismic safety stan­dards and would not
be usable after a significant earthquake. This building is located at
the very center of Berkeley Lab and continues to be cen­tral to much of
the research work performed at Berkeley Lab. This project will demolish
the existing building and construct a new 25,000 gsf office and support
services building at this site. This building will allow approximately
half of the Operations personnel who are currently housed in off-site
leased space to return to the main site. This building will improve
overall service quality while also reducing lease costs. The estimated
cost is \$19M.

Environment, Health, and Safety (EH&S) Support Facility

A significant need is to consolidate most EH&S staff at a single
location. These staff are currently located at a number of sites,
including Buildings 90, 75, and 85, some of which are a mile distant
from each other. This project will demolish a modest 3,500 gsf trailer,
which makes inefficient use of a prime building site, and will construct
a 21,000 gsf office building that will make good use of this site. The
estimated cost is \$15.5M.

Training Center and Auditorium

A multipurpose training facility is needed to address a pressing need to
ensure that staff are fully able to safely, securely, and efficiently
meet their work responsibilities. A 14,000 gsf facility will accommodate
training programs, including employee orientation; environment, health,
and

safety training; division and department certifi­cation and training
sessions; and DOE teleconfer­ence training sessions. The facility will
also be an employee education (degree and certificate) cen­ter. This
facility will incorporate a large assembly hall (auditorium) capable of
accommodating 450 persons, two moderate-scale training rooms capa­ble of
accommodating 100 and 150 persons, and four "break-out" rooms each
accommodating 20 to 30 persons. The estimated cost is \$16M.

Site Support Service Facility

The Facilities Department requires a building to house, service, and
outfit Facilities Department equipment, maintenance supplies, and
associated staff. A common yard area will ensure that regular facilities
functions can be safely performed and efficiently managed. Staff located
in Buildings 76 and 31 will be consolidated at this site. The estimated
cost is \$9.5M.

Replace Building 73

Building 73 is a 4,200 gsf wood frame struc­ture that was constructed in
1961 to shelter a spe­cific instrument, and which has met its scientific
objectives. The mission required that this building be constructed using
nonferrous material; there­fore, this building will not have a
traditional service life and is not readily adaptable for other uses.
Building 73 is sited in a unique location that is accessible both from
Berkeley Lab's roads and the public road system. Site planning and
func­tional needs analysis indicate that a 19,000 gsf replacement
building designed to serve Berkeley Lab's visitors and student
population would make effective use of the site and address Laboratory
research support needs. The facility will provide approximately 13,000
gsf of office and laboratory space and 6,000 gsf of seminar space and
short-term housing for graduate students and post-docs. This facility
will serve the current scientific mis­sion and allow the Laboratory to
build new and stronger relationships with the next generation of
scientists. The estimated cost is \$14M.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344223 .anchor}Resources Needs Summary

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344224 .anchor}Multiprogram Energy Laboratory
Facilities Support (MEL-FS)

Historically, MEL-FS funding at LBNL has been an average \$3.8M per
year. Over the period of FY96-FY01, the funding level has been only
slightly above this average level, at \$4.2M per year. The profile of
funding has been irregular and broad, ranging from \$9.3M in FY93 to
\$2.4M in FY96 to no new starts in FY94, FY95, FY97, and FY00. Figure 6
provides more detail.

While LBNL's funding trend has increased slightly in actual dollars, we
have been alarmed by the overall trend of the size of this DOE program.
The MEL-FS budget has been cut almost in half over the last 8 years. The
MEL-FS program is the only available strategic capital renewal program
in the Office of Science for non-programmatic infrastructure. Funding
levels should be restored (corrected for inflation) in

order to achieve the infrastructure renewal needed at the multiprogram
labs.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344225 .anchor}General Plant Projects (GPP)

As illustrated in Figure 7, GPP funds have been relatively flat
(\$3.355M to \$3.5M[^1] in actual dollars) at LBNL since 1993. However,
relative to 1993, in FY2001 the purchasing power of these funds will
have dropped to about \$2.6M due to inflation alone.

GPP funding is extremely valuable to the Laboratory. Typically, it is
the only source of funds available to address short-term capital
im­provement needs. LBNL has turned to GPP to address ES&H and security
needs, as well as key infrastructure needs such as additional labs and
offices at our National User Facilities, and up­grades to support the
study transgenic rats. There are presently 46 active GPP requests,
totaling \$26M, in LBNL's Project Call Database. At present funding
levels, we will be able to begin work on a maximum of only four projects
during FY01.

The relatively flat GPP funding for Berkeley Lab projects has created a
serious backlog of infrastructure projects. These GPP infrastructure
projects are required to protect the Laboratory's assets (fire alarm
system rehabilitation, radio communications upgrade), provide much
needed support for our National User Facilities (electrical power
upgrade and new LCW cooling tower for the ALS), upgrade outdated and
non-compliant systems (electrical transformers, emergency generators),
install energy saving devices (VFDs and controls), and provide
additional or

appropriate quality space for research activities (relieve 50 and 90
complex overcrowding, cooling for the 90 complex, new clean rooms).

An increase in funding to \$5.5M per year, for at least the next five
years, would allow us to address the most critical needs over that time
period. Without this increase, these projects would require 10+ years to
complete and the schedule for completion of the *Strategic Facilities
Plan* would be negatively impacted.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344226 .anchor}General Purpose Equipment (GPE)

GPE funding has also been historically flat at LBNL, ranging from
\$1.87M in FY93 to \$1.95M[^2] for the last several years. Figure 8
illustrates the actual allocations and purchasing power of those
allocations adjusted for inflation only.

GPE requests each of the last three years have been approximately \$8M
per year for com­puter/networking equipment and another \$7-8M per year
for non-computer related items. Because many of LBNL's administrative
functions were operating on obsolete systems that are no longer
supported by vendors, computer-related purchases have received
approximately 75% of the available funds each year. The limited funding
has severely restricted our ability to implement a full range of modern
multi-site conferencing facilities, and upgrade certain infrastructure
items, including our hillwide radio network and general purpose
maintenance and fabrication shops. There are 29 unfunded
computer/network related projects, totaling \$8.1M, and 39 unfunded
general equipment requests, totaling \$9.3M, in the Project Call
Data­base. While some reuse of computer/ networking equipment can occur,
equipment required to complete the addition or modernization of the
facilities covered in this plan, as well as that required to provide for
substantially enhanced support in terms of performance parameters, is
expected to cause a \$750K (average) increase in GPE requests for the
next five years and a continuing increase of \$350K (average) per year
thereafter. This increase will supplement existing funding for increased
bandwidth (to 100 Gbps, or even 1 Tbps, in a "network smart" system),
site-wide network infrastructure upgrades including new fiber and
conduits, shared video-conferencing facilities, and digital
libraries/services.

An increase to \$3.5M in GPE funding would permit us to support this
important information technology expansion/upgrade, allow us to respond
to developing needs and address the \$15M backlog.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344227 .anchor}Real Property Maintenance

As modernization efforts proceed to meet the current and future research
needs at LBNL it is expected that maintenance and operations costs will
also rise. Currently we have been doing a good job of maintaining the
existing old facilities with the funding provided. However, as
expecta­tions rise, the frequency and severity of com­plaints are expected
to increase as the mismatch between obsolete and modern facilities
increases. Additionally, as more modern buildings are pro­vided with more
sophisticated mechanical and electrical systems, it is expected that the
associ­ated maintenance costs will rise. Maintenance costs are therefore
expected to increase as pro­jected due to either aging facilities during
rising expectations or modernized facilities with more sophisticated
services.

The latest projections indicate that the approximately \$1.5M annually
budgeted from operating funds may need to be increased to approximately
\$2.0M in order to complete priority planned-maintenance projects and
keep potential backlog growth under control.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344228 .anchor}Demolition/Removal of
Contaminated and Non-Contaminated Facilities

The Bevalac Accelerator complex has been closed for nearly a decade.
This large facility needs to be demolished and the site used for
productive scientific pursuits. The project is not an EM candidate,
because the environmental risks are minimal; but this complex is a DOE
legacy that requires near-term attention. A specific demolition project
is proposed. This project will allow for proper management of all
materials with induced radiation and for all possible recycling of
materials.

While there are other aged buildings that also require demolition, these
are typically small and

![](media/image16.wmf){width="5.741666666666666in"
height="3.7847222222222223in"}![](media/image17.wmf){width="5.654166666666667in"
height="4.058333333333334in"}

light frame structures that can be demolished as part of a new
construction project.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344229 .anchor}Operating
Funding![](media/image18.wmf){width="5.9944444444444445in"
height="4.279861111111111in"}

For budget purposes, the "non-cap" base level at LBNL has remained at
approximately \$2.9M for the past five years. Annually, \$800K is
reserved for emergencies, laboratory initiated relocations, and ES&H
corrections, leaving \$2.1M for requested projects. This provides very
little opportunity to address the 137 requests, totaling \$25M, that are
currently unfunded in the Project Call Database. Among projects on the
backlog are wildland fire management and seismic upgrades, both of which
can be only partially funded each year; replacements of outdated
electrical and mechanical systems that are outside of GPE scope; and
numerous projects to improve the utilization or quality of our office
and laboratory space, a significant problem due to the aging and
overcrowding of our buildings.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344230 .anchor}Plan Development and
Prioritization Process

Stewardship of physical assets addresses planning for facilities
development and renewal, maintenance, and space utilization.

Outline of Planning Functions

The Laboratory has developed an integrated planning approach that
ensures all appropriate elements of the Laboratory community are
involved in the planning of facilities and infrastructure that are
important to their present and future activities.

Senior-Level Policy Guidance

The Laboratory Director, Deputy Directors and Division Directors conduct
an annual strategic planning meeting and follow-up planning sessions
that establish and reaffirm organizational goals and directions. These
meetings also highlight critical institutional needs and issues.

Berkeley Lab's Senior Management also discusses critical issues and
plans with DOE managers. These discussions include infrastructure needs
and mechanisms to address them.

Staff Planning Activities

Berkeley Lab coordinates physical planning in three primary
organizations:

• Laboratory Directorate Office of Planning and Communications
coordinates research activities and the overall Institutional Plan.

• Facilities Department coordinates all infrastructure and support
activities, including all investment in the physical plant.

• Computing Sciences Directorate coordinates information technology
resources plans.

The Office of Planning and Communications, the Facilities Department and
the Computing Sciences planning staff work cooperatively throughout the
year to ensure that research requirements, initiatives and other
operational requirements are appropriately supported with facilities and
infrastructure. These ongoing activities include:

• Reviews and updates of the Institutional Plan, Strategic Buildings
Plan, Comprehensive Facilities Plan, and other planning documents (e.g.,
ES&H Plan, Security Plans).

• Special studies in long range planning, master planning, and future
land use planning

• Ongoing space planning and needs assessment

• Unified annual project call process that invites the entire Laboratory
community to identify all infrastructure needs.

In 2000, the Facilities Department and the Office of Planning and
Communications convened the Laboratory's senior management and the
Division Directors in a series of long

range planning, master planning, and future land use planning
activities.

The purpose was to affirm Berkeley Lab's 10-to 20-year scientific
direction and to quantify the facilities and infrastructure needed to
accommodate future scientific and support needs.

Concurrently, staff undertook an assessment of the current
infrastructure, and considered its ability to accommodate future needs.
Building and utility condition, suitability, flexibility, and the
general ability of all assets to meet the expectations of researchers at
a "Laboratory of choice" were considered.

Staff also undertook a forward-looking assessment of the physical site.
Staff conducted composite constraints analyses to determine physical
site development opportunities. Factors considered included:

• Managed and unmanaged areas.

• Wildland fire risks.

• Geology.

• Slope stability.

• Faults.

• Development opportunities assessments of easements and utility
corridors to determine potential building sites and capacities.

• Massing studies.

To ensure that general planning needs were also fully addressed the
staff considered future

utility corridors, parking and circulation, visual screening and the
utility of current functional planning areas.

Development of the 2002--2012 Strategic Facilities Plan

Building upon the base of the studies already completed or underway, the
planning staff was able to identify the priority research requirements.
Each of these needs was reviewed to ensure that it meets specific
mission requirements; environ­mental, safety and health requirements; and
op­erational and maintenance objectives, and would contribute to the work
environment in a manner that enhances worker productivity and
experi­ences. Each was also reviewed to determine if suitable space is
available or could be made

available at the Laboratory. When renovation or new construction
projects were required, each was evaluated against a risk prioritization
matrix and assessed by the Project Planning Coordinating Group, a
multidivisional task force that ranks projects for senior management
consideration.

Environmental and Community Considerations

All plans and projects are assessed by the National Environmental Policy
Act and California Environmental Quality Act review group for
appropriate environmental documentation.

Facilities Department planning staff and Office of Planning and
Communications planning staff participate in the Community Relations
Advisory Group (CRAG), so that community issues can be considered and
appropriate communications planned and implemented.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344236 .anchor}Performance Metrics and\
Change Indicators

Although qualitative measures can often best describe performance; such
measures are difficult to benchmark. The following quantitative
performance-based metrics are suggested to address the use and condition
of Laboratory assets relative to the research requirements.

Deficiency Correction Index (DCI)

$$\text{DCI} = \frac{\text{sq}\text{.}\text{ ft}\text{.}\text{ of replaced facilities }(\text{inc}\text{.}\text{ demolition})}{\text{sq}\text{.}\text{ ft}\text{.}\text{ rated }replacementneeded\text{ in FIMS}}$$

This metric provides direct assessment and benchmarking of efforts to
correct the most obso­lete buildings. Replacement of these structures is
a paramount concern as these structures are signifi­cant ES&H problems,
are exceptionally difficult research environments, and have significant
nega­tive impacts on overall site utilization rates.

Facilities Condition Index (FCI)

$$\text{FCI} = \frac{\text{\$deferred}\ \text{maintenance}}{\text{\$RPV}}$$

This widely-used metric provides insight into the effectiveness of the
maintenance program. This metric measures the relative cost of reme­dying
maintenance deficiencies listed in the deferred maintenance backlog and
conveys con­dition information.

Facilities Suitability Index (FSI)

$$\text{FSI} = \frac{\text{sq}\text{.}\text{ft of suitable space}}{\text{total sq}\text{.}\text{ft}\text{.}\text{ of space}}$$

This metric provides insight into the manage­ment of space. It measures
the percent of space that is suitable for its current use.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344240 .anchor}Appendix A -- Programmatic
Research Needs

Nanoscience Center: The Molecular Foundry

Berkeley Lab facilities must be planned and expanded to address the
National Nanotechnology Initiative. Current facilities lack the quality
and integration of adjacent complementing facilities to meet this need
(see Table II). The Molecular Foundry Building will include
state-of-the-art office and materials characterization and synthesis
laboratories. It will support the National Nanotechnology Initiative and
enable full and efficient use of LBNL's major user facilities---ALS,
NCEM, and NERSC---for investigations of nanoscale materials and
structures. Location of the building adjacent to the ALS is essential to
maximize interactions between collaborative users and resident
scientists and to fully exploit this world-class synchrotron radiation
source for
nanoscience.![](media/image19.jpeg){width="3.0027777777777778in"
height="1.9743055555555555in"}

The Molecular Foundry Building will be a new, terraced two-story to
four-story building with a total gross area of approximately 90,000
square feet and net usable area of approximately 53,000 square feet. The
building will provide 16,800 square feet of new wet and dry
laborato­ries, and approximately 215 private and shared offices and
conference rooms totaling 23,500 square feet.

The building will be a state-of-the-art facility for the synthesis,
processing, fabrication and in-situ characterization of novel molecules
and nanoscale materials. The laboratories and offices will support
multidisciplinary nanosciences research in synthetic chemistry and
polymers, nanotubes and nanocrystals, ceramics, femto­second spectroscopy
and diffraction, magnetic materials, scanning electron/scanning auger
microscopy, detector development, analytical and surface science
instrumentation, x-ray imaging, and computational infrastructure. Laser
labs and labs containing vacuum systems will be incor­porated into the
design. The building will also contain a high bay of approximately 6,000
square feet, for an experiment buildup and staging area for experiments
to be conducted at the ALS.

Biosciences Research and Support Facilities Conditions

Berkeley Lab's bioscience research advances are revealing the sequence
of the genomes of key species; the structures of dozens of proteins and
their complexes; the importance of environment and genetics in cancer;
and the relationship be­tween structure and function in many biological
processes. Functional imaging, the development of new instrumentation
and simulation tools, and other techniques are providing a basis for
creat­ing a new level of understanding of biological systems from the
molecular scale to the complete organism.

With the exception of the new Genome Sciences Building, much of the
existing Life Sci­ences and Physical Biosciences Division space was
constructed between the 1940s and the 1970s, and has reached the end of
its service life (see Table III). The seismic performance and
infrastructure problems of Building 1 (Donner Laboratory), Building 3
(Calvin Laboratory), and Building 83 (Cell Cul­ture Building) have
resulted in the need for plans to replace these facilities. The total
area of these facilities occupied by Berkeley Lab personnel is 70,350
gsf. A biosciences research replacement building would provide the
laboratories for the new program in biology and will replace the
existing outmoded space.

Advanced Biosciences Research\
Building (Replacement)

The proposed 45,000 gsf Advanced Bio­sciences Research Building will
provide for mod­ern, efficient, and safe conduct of biological re­search
programs at Berkeley Lab. The facility will include approximately 40
laboratories and 130 offices for the conduct of research in structural
biology, functional genomics, and biomedical research. The arrangement
of laboratories and offices will integrate research in macromolecular
structure, biological dynamics, computational and theoretical biology,
advanced microscopics, and cell biology. The flexible laboratory space
will enable research to address the genetic basis of disease; cell,
molecular, and radiation biology related to cancer etiology; and cell
and tissue growth and differentiation. Laboratories will conduct
research on the extracellular matrix, oncogenes and tumor suppressor
genes, radiation and chemical carcinogenesis, and DNA repair. A
preliminary estimate places the proposed project cost at \~\$50 million.

Physics Research and Support Facilities Conditions

High energy and nuclear physics programs are at the heart of Berkeley
Lab's core capabilities and are providing leadership for DOE scientific
programs in several areas. Despite the importance of this program, few
new investments in multi­purpose physics research facilities have taken
place over the past several decades. Berkeley Lab must have adequate
facilities to maintain its leadership at the frontiers of core high
energy and nuclear physics, including accelerator systems and ion beams
for many applications. Many of the facilities supporting physics
research in beams and accelerators are WW II structures or trailers. In
addition to the Bevatron, the buildings that need to be replaced, listed
in Table IV, total 22,900 gsf.

Accelerator Research Support\
Building (Replacement)

A replacement office, fabrication, and testing facility is required to
advance the understanding of the properties of matter through the coming
generations of accelerator systems. This building will include the
offices, equipment fabrication, assembly, and testing areas needed to
support new accelerator system concepts and components. The facility
will address new concepts such as optical accelerators, integrated
design systems, novel ion source concepts, advanced power sources,
innovative magnet systems, high vacuum systems, and other advanced
components.

The proposed Accelerator Research Support Building will provide the
necessary modern in­frastructure to efficiently and successfully ad­dress
mission needs while replacing facilities that are at the end of their
service life. The buildings now used for accelerator research that were
con­structed during the Manhattan Project and the first decade of the
Atomic Energy Commission do not meet current structural or electrical
and mechani­cal systems standards.

Bevatron Decontamination and Demolition

The Bevatron comprises 164,100 gsf of Labo­ratory space, about 10 percent
of the space on the main site. Since it ceased operation in 1992, the
Bevatron has been largely abandoned by the Department of Energy, with no
source of funds for its decontamination and demolition. A key ele­ment of
the *Strategic Facilities Plan* is the demo­lition of the Bevatron
facility so that the space can be used productively for mission-critical
facilities that must be available to meet the needs of the 21st century.
The cost of the project is dependent on the potential for recycling
components of this facility and the extent of environmental cleanup that
may be required. The buildings that need to be removed are listed in
Table V.

The long-term optimum plan for the Bevatron site, once cleared of the
existing buildings, is a computing facility to house the National Energy
Research Scientific Computing Center and other Berkeley Lab facilities.
Working with the Department of Energy, Berkeley Lab's goal is the
decontamination and demolition of the Bevatron by 2005 so that planning
and construction of the computing facility can be completed by 2010 (see
Computing Facilities Conditions following).

Supercon Facility Preparation

The superconducting magnet research program (Supercon) is located in a
number of buildings spread across the site. In addition, the
superconducting magnet research program's cabling facility is located in
Building 52, which is scheduled for demolition for the Berkeley
Molecular Foundry. Supercon's fabrication and testing facilities occupy
space that will be required to house general Laboratory guest and user
offices. This project, with a TEC of \$1M, will prepare a facility for
relocation of the cabling facility and consolidate the Supercon
fabrication and testing program at a single location. The cost of actual
relocation is not included in this project.

Astrophysics Research Facility Needs

Berkeley Lab is advancing astrophysics through a multidisciplinary
program that is studying many fundamental parameters of matter and
energy. These studies include supernova observations, cosmic microwave
background radiation studies, neutrino physics, dark matter searches,
high-energy nuclear astrophysics, theo­retical astrophysics, and
geoastrophysics. Some key instrumentation and detector technologies
being developed that are a part of this work are high-resistively
charge-coupled device (CCD) automated telescopes, a proposed supernova
astrophysics satellite probe, the KamLAND neu­trino detector, and the
cubic kilometer neutrino detector.

The scientific impact of this area of research is revolutionizing the
understanding of matter, en­ergy, and the universe. Berkeley Lab is now
poised to gain an understanding of the forces that created the big bang
and the dark energy that is accelerating the expansion of the universe;
and the underlying energy density, mass density, and geometry of the
universe. The effective and effi­cient conduct of the program will
require a new facility for astrophysics, primarily for offices but with
laboratories and staging areas for instrumen­tation development. These
staging areas should provide for instrument assembly under conditions
appropriate to the high sensitivity and complexity of the detector
systems required. The facility will include the offices, meeting areas,
and control systems for the earth-based and satellite-based programs.
The 40,000 gsf building will require space and communications utility
systems for modern communications and conferencing requirements.

Computing Facilities Conditions

Berkeley Lab is advancing high-performance computing as a tool for
scientific discovery. A key element of DOE's program at Berkeley Lab is
the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), an
extremely powerful computing environment incorporating high-performance
computing capability, capacity, storage resources, and computational
science and engineering. The Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) is the
backbone of DOE's research network, providing access to the NERSC
computing environment---and to other research, experimental, and
computational facilities---for scientists across the nation and by
international collaboration.

Existing facilities for computing operations, equipment and research are
located in the Build­ing 50 Complex and are crowded---as measured by
existing DOE and Federal office occupancy standards. To meet the
immediate needs for computing infrastructure, Berkeley Lab has leased
the Oakland Scientific Facility, with a

planned occupancy during March-April 2001.

Computational Sciences Research\
Facility Needs

To meet the multiprogram needs in computa­tional sciences research and to
relieve over-crowded conditions, a centralized computational and
mathematical sciences research facility is planned that will enable the
joint development of algorithms and protocols for solving complex
problems of scale. These algorithms include sys­tems of equations for
physical, chemical, and biological processes, and for petabyte data
analy­sis and visualization of complex systems and peta-scale
experiments. The problems to be addressed include forthcoming peta-scale
efforts at the fron­tiers of high energy and nuclear physics; problems of
global environmental data analysis and model­ing; problems of molecular
design and materials simulation; and data problems and analysis for
structural biology, genomics, microbial cell simulation, and plasma
science. The 50,000 gsf office building has an estimated cost of \$25M.

Over the next ten years, the computing and networking facilities at LBNL
must grow to match the growing needs of at least two major experimental
facilities, as well as the general needs of Berkeley Lab scientists.

Genomics Computing Facility Needs

Genome sequencing will soon be a regular user of advanced high
performance computing facilities of the teraflop class. In 10 years,
comparing genomes of various species and even of individual animals
within species will require machines of the order of 100 teraflops.
Current trends indicate that these machines will consist of large
ensembles or clusters of commercially available symmetric
multiprocessors. Those multiprocessors will evolve from ones currently
used for midrange scientific computing and commercial web serving. A
genome computing facility housing a 10-terabyte to 100-terabyte machine
will require a machine room of about 40,000 square feet and room for a
staff of from 30 to 100 to operate it. Such a facility would also
probably be called upon to perform biological modeling of many kinds.

Advanced Light Source Computing Needs

The Advanced Light Source at LBNL is used for experiments that range
from modern materials science to protein crystallography. It will
require increasing computational support over the next decade,
including:

• High speed networking that allows remote experimentation.

• Computational analysis and modeling for new classes of high-throughput
experiments in molecular biology and materials.

• Data management capabilities that will grow to at least the petabyte
class in 10 years.

The projected computing needs for the ALS, the Production Sequencing
Facility, and other Berkeley Lab scientific programs will require a
local computing facility with a total capability of a few teraflops and
a petabyte of storage. These figures correspond to a modern
supercomputing facility today. In ten years they will constitute a
midrange laboratory computing facility. However, the physical facility
required will have decreased by no more than a factor of two or four
from today\'s requirements, even though the cost of the computers will
have decreased by a larger factor. Thus it is to be expected that a
building of 10,000 square feet will be necessary, along with local area
networking in the vicinity of 10 gigabits/second.

Computing Infrastructure Building Needs

NERSC computing resources at Berkeley Lab are expected to experience
increased programmatic demands as scientific disciplines become highly
predictive quantitative enterprises, that involve analyzing petabytes of
data with teraflop (and eventually petaflop) processing capacity.
Associated development of software and scientific services supported by
NERSC will greatly strengthen scientific understanding and prediction in
all areas supported by the Office of Science. The effort will require
new computing facilities, offices, and electronic communication and
networking systems.

The 27,000-gsf Oakland Scientific Facility should provide adequate floor
capacity for high-performance computing equipment for the foreseeable
future, perhaps through 2010. At that time, a 150,000 gsf facility for
computing infrastructure is planned for operation at the main site. This
NERSC facility should meet the significantly increased computational
capability that will be required in the future. The estimated total cost
is \$100M (not including computers).

Fusion Energy Science\
Facility Conditions

DOE's fusion energy research at Berkeley Lab focuses on accelerator
systems that support the nation's inertial-confinement energy science
pro­grams. This heavy-ion fusion accelerator research advances the
physics of induction acceleration, applied to producing high-current,
heavy-ion beams as drivers for inertial-confinement fusion systems.
Critical areas of study now address beam quality (focusability) and
cost---two primary issues for the design and construction of a
multi-kilojoule accelerator. Through experiments in beam physics,
beam-target interaction physics, fusion target physics, and physics of
the reactor chamber, such an accelerator will provide the scientific and
technical data for building a full-scale fusion driver. The potential
Integrated Research Experiment accelerator test system is now being
assessed for promotion to a CD-0 stage. This step is needed by the
nation so that the feasibility of accelerators as drivers of
inertial-confinement fusion may be understood. These experimental
systems are a next step beyond the single-beam and multiple-beam
transport experiments already completed at Berkeley Lab. The specific
cost, scope, and location will be determined at the conceptual design
stage. The work also includes studies of plasma heating by various
methods, and support for networking and computing for fusion energy
science.

Fusion High Bay Addition

The existing component testing, assembly, and research capability in the
Building 58 area lacks adequate floor space, crane coverage, and high
bay area to efficiently implement the current program. In order to more
efficiently advance the current experimental program and to further
examine the accelerator components for injection, focusing, and the
behavior of space-charge-dominated beams undergoing current
amplification, a \$3M addition to the Building 58A high bay is pro­posed.

DOE Missions in Energy and\
the Environment

Berkeley Lab conducts essential research for the nation's programs in
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. This research comprises a set of
related activities aimed at national goals to reduce carbon emissions,
urban and regional air pollution, and cost to consumers, as well as to
enhance energy security. These programs work toward the overall goal of
providing energy-efficient systems that reduce greenhouse gases and
dependence on foreign oil, and enhance the reliability of electrical
systems. Key elements of the program are: Building technologies research
on residential and commercial buildings, geothermal energy resources,
and increasing the reliability of the utility grid. Advances from
Ber­keley Lab technologies now in the marketplace save the nation several
billion dollars in annual energy costs.

Berkeley Lab conducts a multidisciplinary program of geoscience and
geological engineer­ing research important to the safe, long-term
un­derground storage of high-level nuclear wastes. This research includes
characterization of deep geological formations, determination of the
physical and chemical processes occurring in the repository rocks,
analysis of hydrologic and chemical transport mechanisms, and
development of predictive techniques for repository performance. In
parallel with ongoing basic research sponsored by the geosciences
program in the Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Office of Health
and Environmental Research, Berkeley Lab is contributing to technology
and applied development research at DOE's Yucca Mountain Project, at DOE
site restoration locations nationwide, and for DOE research on carbon
sequestration.

Most of the existing offices for these programs are located in Building
90. Building 90 has inadequate HVAC systems. Some offices have crowded
conditions, exceeding DOE and Federal occupancy standards. A key element
of the Strategic Facilities Plan is the mechanical rehabilitation of
Building 90 and the replacement of trailers in the area with adequate
office buildings designed to current building standards. In addition,
seismic safety modifications for nonstructural building elements will be
made.

Earth and Environmental Sciences Facility

To address the global and national environmental challenges of the next
decade, office and laboratory facilities are needed for advanced
research in carbon sequestration, global change, radioactive waste
management, and other vital areas. Laboratory facilities must also be
available for new research in engineered remediation of metals and
radionuclides through biological methods such as immobilization of
contaminants *in situ*. Offices and laboratories are needed for
geological engineering research in storage of high-level nuclear wastes.
This research includes characterizing geologic formation and
understanding the processes occurring in rock formations, such as
hydrologic and chemical transport mechanisms.

Plans for the Earth and Environmental Sciences Facility include two
components: first, a research office area; and second, a laboratory,
field staging area, and office complex. The research offices will house
programs closely coupled to computationally intensive research,
including global climate modeling, carbon sequestration modeling,
computational seismology, and the development of computational models
for complex transport in heterogeneous media. These offices are located
in close proximity to the pro­posed Computational Sciences Research
Facility.

The second laboratory/office complex in­cludes staging areas for field
research, including staging for specialized large mobile instrumen­tation
in seismology, geology, and geochemistry, and for ocean science carbon
sequestration stud­ies. This component of the facility is in closer
proximity to the Advanced Light Source, where important earth and
environmental sciences characterization studies are conducted. The
combined area of the facility is approximately 80,000 gsf, with an
estimated cost of \$80M.

Green Building: Energy Technologies Laboratory and Testbed

Berkeley Lab's work for Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) is
carried out in buildings that were funded by other parts of DOE and
intended for other purposes than research on energy efficiency. While
these facilities have proved satisfactory, the overall EERE effort would
benefit from consolidation into a building specifically constructed for
research on energy efficiency and incorporating energy efficient and
renewable technologies developed at Berkeley Lab or elsewhere with EERE
funding---in effect, a "showcase" for EERE.

The building will showcase a variety of new design practices and
technologies that can be replicated widely throughout the DOE laboratory
system. Applying new information technology such as interoperable
software tools should allow design, procurement and construction to
proceed more quickly, more efficiently and with fewer errors than with
conventional techniques. State-of-the-art energy simulation tools will
be used to develop and implement a building design that uses less than
half of the purchased energy of conventional buildings, and will supply
a large fraction of the remaining needed energy with renewable systems
and distributed generation sources. The design will be tuned to take
advantage of the local climate and will feature daylighting and natural
ventilation strategies. Building materials will be selected using life
cycle assessment tools to minimize adverse impacts of materials
production and use. The building will be operated and controlled with
self-diagnosing environmental control systems that optimize energy
performance while enhancing the quality of the indoor environment for
staff. An intelligent communications infrastructure extending to all
experimental and office spaces will support intralab and interlab
scientific collaboration as well as partnerships with remote
collaborators from the public and private sector. Advanced controls will
facilitate intelligent management of building electric loads in a manner
that allows full building operation with lower peak demand than any
other laboratory buildings during summer power emergencies.

The integrated building research facility would include quality
laboratory facilities, instrumenta­tion, and building systems-simulation
capabilities. These will enable the development of novel sys­tems from
conceptual studies to benchtop experi­ments, then through prototyping to
small-scale evaluation and demonstration. The facility is needed in
proximity to the core of the Environ­mental Energy Technologies Division,
and could replace substandard trailers. This 40,000 gsf building has an
estimated cost of \$40M.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344259 .anchor}Appendix B -- Resource Needs
Spreadsheet

![](media/image22.wmf){width="6.851388888888889in"
height="8.738194444444444in"}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc496344261 .anchor}Appendix C --- Proposed Major
Construction Map -- MEL-FS and Programmatic Line Item Projects

![](media/image23.wmf){width="6.138888888888889in"
height="7.958333333333333in"}

[^1]: The FY2000 GPP allocation of \$3.5M is used in this comparison
    even though it was necessary to convert \$530K to operating funds
    for the completion of the Oakland Scientific Facility.

[^2]: The FY2000 GPE allocation of \$1.95M is used in this comparison
    even though it was necessary to convert \$800K to operating funds.