Required Report - public distribution

**Date:** 10/19/2006

**GAIN Report Number:** TU6043

TU6043

**Turkey**

**Exporter Guide**

**Annual**

**2006**

**Approved by:**

![](media/image1.wmf)Ralph Gifford, Agricultural Counselor

U.S. Embassy

**Prepared by:**

Ibrahim Sirtioglu, Agricultural Marketing Specialist

**Report Highlights:**

The Turkish market offers both rewards and challenges to the U.S.
exporter. A large and growing population is rapidly changing its
consumption patterns while maintaining many traditions as well. Economic
growth in recent years in Turkey also is creating opportunities for
high-value products, although limited by domestic and regional
competition, high import and consumption taxes, and arduous import
requirements.

Includes PSD Changes: No

Includes Trade Matrix: No

Unscheduled Report

Ankara \[TU1\]

\[TU\]

Table of Contents

[**SECTION I. Market Overview 3**](#section-i.-market-overview)

[I.1. Economic Situation 3](#i.1.-economic-situation)

[I.2. Demographic Developments 4](#i.2.-demographic-developments)

[I.3. Consumer Buying Habits 4](#i.3.-consumer-buying-habits)

[I.4. The market for U.S. products
4](#i.4.-the-market-for-u.s.-products)

[SECTION II: Exporter Business Tips
5](#section-ii-exporter-business-tips)

[II.1. Local Business Customs/Practices
5](#ii.1.-local-business-customspractices)

[II.2. Consumer Tastes and Preferences
5](#ii.2.-consumer-tastes-and-preferences)

[II.3. Food Standards & Regulations
6](#ii.3.-food-standards-regulations)

[II.4. Import Process 7](#ii.4.-import-process)

[II.5. Customs Process 7](#ii.5.-customs-process)

[Section III: Market Sector Structure and Trends
7](#section-iii-market-sector-structure-and-trends)

[III.1. Retail Food Sector 7](#iii.1.-retail-food-sector)

[III.2. Food Processing Sector 8](#iii.2.-food-processing-sector)

[III.3. HRI Food Service 8](#iii.3.-hri-food-service)

[Section IV: Best High-Value Product Prospects
10](#section-iv-best-high-value-product-prospects)

[Section V: Key Contacts and Further Information
11](#section-v-key-contacts-and-further-information)

[V.1. Important Regulatory and Governmental Contacts
15](#v.1.-important-regulatory-and-governmental-contacts)

[Table A. Key Trade and Demographic Information
16](#table-a.-key-trade-and-demographic-information)

[Table B: Turkey Food and agricultural imports
16](#table-b-turkey-food-and-agricultural-imports)

[Products 16](#products)

[Table C. Consumer--oriented agricultural total
17](#table-c.-consumeroriented-agricultural-total)

[Germany 17](#germany)

[Table D. Turkey Leading Fish & Seafood Product Exporters
17](#table-d.-turkey-leading-fish-seafood-product-exporters)

[Table E: Consumer Food and Edible Fishery Products
18](#table-e-consumer-food-and-edible-fishery-products)

# SECTION I. Market Overview

## I.1. Economic Situation

The Turkish economy has enjoyed five years of growth since the financial
crisis and recession of 2001. The economy grew on average of 7.9 percent
between 2002 and 2004, and reached 7.5 percent in 2005; per capita GNP
exceeded \$5,000. The current projection for economic growth for 2006 is
5.5 percent, and for per capita GNP \$5,300.

The inflation rate has fallen significantly in recent years. As low as 8
percent at the end of 2005, it currently stands at 10.5 percent ---
still far below the 60 percent of a few years ago. The economy also is
benefiting from stable foreign exchange rates, despite the impact of
higher energy prices on the current account. Negotiations with the EU
for full membership began in October 2005. The privatization of large
state owned companies is also contributing to the positive economic
environment. Foreign Direct Investment has increased dramatically, to
more than \$12 billion in 2006. Initially, growth was driven
predominantly by export-led production. But currently, there are also
indications of an increase in domestic demand. Unemployment, however,
remains high at about nine percent. Nonetheless, economic growth is
driving growth in some food and agricultural sub-sectors such as fast
food, catering, and yarn and textile production.

Turkey's economy ---like its culture\-- is a blend of both the modern
and traditional. Turkey has a vibrant private sector and involvement of
government is diminishing with the recent privatization in oil and
communications industries. Agriculture accounts for approximately 12
percent of GNP although some 35 percent of the population is engaged in
agriculture activities. The industrial and service sectors account for
19 and 68 percent of GNP respectively, at current prices. The
agricultural share of GNP continues to decline, while the industry and
service sector shares increase. The textile and apparel industry
continues to be one of Turkey's most important sectors. The food
processing sector is well developed, although it suffers somewhat from
high input prices due to domestic production policies that raise some
commodity prices well above the world price. These industries also enjoy
significant tariff and non-tariff protection from import competition.

In 2005, Turkey exported a total of \$73 billion worth of goods, up 16
percent from 2004, mainly consumer and semi-manufactured products.
Exports continue to increase in 2006 and are expected to reach U.S. \$79
billion at the end of the year. The European Union is Turkey's primary
market, accounting for about 55 percent of all exports.

Between September 2005 and September 2006 total agricultural exports
reached \$8.3 billion, up about 11 percent year-on-year. In general
about half of agricultural exports go to the EU. Turkey's main
agricultural exports are fresh fruits, vegetables, tree nuts (mainly
hazelnuts and pistachios), dried fruits (mainly raisins, apricots and
figs), cereal products (mainly wheat flour and pasta, especially to
Iraq), olive oil, tobacco, and tomato paste.

In 2005, Turkey imported about \$6.5 billion in agricultural products,
up 8 percent from 2004.

Major agricultural imports include cotton, soybeans, soybean meal,
vegetable oils, tobacco, tallow, and rice. The United States is the
largest single exporter of agricultural products to Turkey with a market
share of about 17 percent in 2005. One-fifth of all U.S. exports to
Turkey are agricultural products. According to the U.S. Census data in
2005, U.S. food and agricultural exports to Turkey reached a record
\$1.08 billion, after falling below U.S. \$600 million due to the
economic crisis in 2001.

U.S. agriculture exports have benefited significantly from Turkey's
return to economic prosperity. The United States supplies predominantly
bulk commodities, which are key inputs to the growing textile and
poultry industries. The strong lira has also benefited exporters to
Turkey, making many products very affordable to Turkish importers. At
the same time, Turkish exporters are having difficulty competing
overseas.

## 

## I.2. Demographic Developments

## 

Turkey has a population of about 72 million with an annual growth rate
of 1.26 percent. Fifty percent of Turkey's population is under the age
25. Over the past 30 years, about a third of the population has shifted
from rural to urban, although about a third of all Turks still live in
rural settings. Unemployment continues to be a serious problem, running
around nine percent. Women constitute a significant and increasing share
of the workforce, which is also driving consumer trends towards
convenience foods.

## I.3. Consumer Buying Habits

Turkey's total retail food market is estimated to be valued at almost
U.S. \$40 billion a year and it continues to grow and modernize.
Although supermarket and hypermarket outlets are expanding, small,
specialized neighborhood outlets still play an important role. The vast
majority of products available are produced locally using local
ingredients, and while lower income group Turkish consumers spend close
to 50 percent of their income on food, much of it is non-processed.

## I.4. The market for U.S. products 

Historically, export opportunities have been better for U.S. bulk
commodities such as soybeans, soybean meal, vegetable oils, corn and
cotton than for high-value consumer products. High tariffs, non-tariff
barriers --especially on livestock products\-- and competition from
domestic industries and Europe have limited U.S. access to this market.
Significant U.S. processed food exports to Turkey include condiments,
snack foods and Tex-Mex products.

The following is a summary of the advantages and challenges facing U.S.
exporters in Turkey.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Advantages**                      **Challenges**
  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  Change in retailing structure has   It is hard to compete with locally
  opened new areas for branded import produced items. The Customs Union
  items.                              with the European Union creates an
                                      advantage for EU exports to Turkey.

  Some U.S. products (mainly bulk and There is significant tariff and
  intermediate commodities) are       non-tariff protection for locally
  better priced than local products.  produced foods and agricultural
                                      products.

  U.S. products have a good image in  There are high import duties on
  Turkey and Turkish consumers        various bulk and processed products
  welcome U.S. tastes.                such as; wheat 130%, corn 130%,
                                      rice 45%, wine 70%, popcorn 130%,
                                      tomato paste 135%.

  International retailers who market  There is a well‑developed local
  a wide range of imported products   food‑processing sector supplying
  in the sector have great influence  most product segments in the
  on purchasing patterns.             marketplace.

  There is a growing demand for       US food products are weakly
  specialized products such as        promoted in Turkey. Competition for
  diabetic and diet foods,            shelf space has led to high costs
  ready‑to‑eat foods and frozen food, for introducing new products.
  which are mostly imported.          
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

# SECTION II: Exporter Business Tips

## II.1. Local Business Customs/Practices

A visitor to Turkey can see the "modern," the "ancient" and the
"traditional" all wrapped into one as East, literally, meets West.
Business practices in Turkey can appear "Western" or "European" on the
surface, but important cultural complexities exist. For those who plan
on working in, or supplying to this market, it is advisable to read up
on modern Turkish culture and business practices.

Personal contact is still very important for most if not all business
transactions. In addition to building trust in relationships,
establishing a personal relationship with the importer can assist the
exporter in meeting the sometimes-daunting documentation requirements.
Many importers and distributors prefer direct contacts with suppliers
and exporters as there is a feeling that agents and middlemen complicate
transactions, lower profits and provide more competition by selling to
others.

In general, Turks are usually not as direct as Americans. They generally
avoid confrontation.

Criticism is often approached in an indirect manner.

Many importers and distributors also like to identify and import unique
products that are not currently available on the market. Non-responsive
agents who have been assigned to the region by large food manufacturers
have frustrated a number of importers in Turkey.

## II.2. Consumer Tastes and Preferences

On the one hand, Turkish tastes and preferences are very conservative.
Fast-food restaurants, as well as most Turkish restaurants, specialize
in traditional dishes, the most common of which is kebabs (of which
there are several varieties) served with fries and bulgur or rice.
Outside of Istanbul and Ankara, or the tourist destinations of Izmir,
Antalya and the Aegean resorts, it is hard to find any foreign influence
in the cuisine. On the other hand, the demographics in Turkey are
driving many changes. Turkey has a large and young population with
rising income levels (especially in urban areas). Increased foreign
travel by Turks and by tourists to Turkey is also stimulating
significant changes in the attitudes and consumption patterns. Moreover,
rapid urbanization and the growing numbers of two-income families are
increasing the demand for processed foods. Istanbul and Ankara not only
have virtually all the multinational fast food chains, but support
independent Tex-Mex restaurants, Thai restaurants, Japanese restaurants,
etc.

Consumer expectations have also changed significantly. Faced with an
increasingly diverse range of products, quality and price, consumers
have become more demanding. In response to changing consumer
expectations, large food retailers, especially international companies,
are demanding higher quality standards from Turkish food manufacturers,
which has led to new investments and improvements within the processing
sector. Consumers in larger cities are more aware of international
trends, have higher disposable incomes, and have automobiles to reach
large warehouse‑sized stores. Middle and upper‑middle income shoppers
are drawn to larger stores, especially if they provide imported and
specialty items.

The rapid change in consumption patterns has led Turkish food processors
to invest in ready-to-eat meals and frozen food products as well. There
are about twenty companies that are in the frozen food and ready-to-eat
meal market today with many diverse products.

## II.3. Food Standards & Regulations 

The May 27, 2004 Law on the Production, Consumption and Inspection of
Food provides a framework for developing and implementing changes to
specific standards such as the Turkish Food Codex. The ultimate
objective is complete harmonization with EU regulations, and ultimately
the EU Commission itself will review all of these regulations. This law
required formation of a National Food Codex Commission whose
responsibility is to prepare, review and approve all changes to the
Turkish Codex, including those changes that take place through EU
harmonization. The Commission consists of two members from the
Agriculture Ministry, one from Ministry of Health, two scientists with
expertise on food (one assigned by Min. Ag and one from Min. Health),
one member from the Turkish Standards Institute, and one member from a
non-governmental organization. The new food law introduces new concepts
to Turkish food law, such as "Precautionary Measures" and
"Traceability". The commission so far has finalized regulations on
various topics including alcoholic beverages, aromatized wine and food
additives. On biotechnology issue so far only a draft law has been
prepared; when it will be introduced to Parliament is unclear.

In addition to the 2004 Food Law, the Turkish food industry and food
imports are primarily regulated by three related laws and regulations:
the June 24, 1995 Turkish Food Law, the November 16, 1997 Turkish Food
Codex and the June 8, 1998 Food Regulation. In recent years, according
to the National Program for Harmonization, the GOT has been updating
significant portions of the Codex to comply with EU regulations by
publishing changes in the Official Gazette. The current Turkish Food
Codex is available at [www.kkgm.gov.tr](http://www.kkgm.gov.tr/).
Advance notifications of such changes usually have not been notified to
foreign governments or the WTO.

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA)'s General
Directorate of Protection and Control (GDPC), has primary responsibility
for production, import, and food safety issues regarding food,
beverages, packaging material, veterinary products, feed and pesticide
products. The General Directorate of Protection and Control has also
recently obtained control over regulating the broad range of nutritional
and dietary supplements.

All packaged products are required to obtain a license (registration)
number issued by the Directorate after review of laboratory tests on the
product. The license number is valid for ten years and generally takes
about two weeks to obtain. In addition to a laboratory analysis at the
time of registration, the law requires products to be inspected at the
point of entry, wholesale and retail levels. The import process for each
product culminates in the issuance (or sometimes not!) of an import
permit, or license. In Turkish this is called a \"Kontrol Belgesi\", or
control document. For processed products, these licenses are required on
each shipment and expire, in some cases, after six months. While these
are intended to be health control documents, these import permits are
often denied or delayed for technical and political reasons (as has been
the case with wheat, rice and corn).

Although many U.S. foods are imported into Turkey without problems, some
U.S. companies have had difficulties complying with Turkish requirements
for specific certifications and documentation, some of which are not
normally issued in the United States. Requirements and standards for
some imported foods may be stricter than those currently applied to
domestically produced products. The General Directorate of Protection
and Control has a somewhat conservative approach to regulating imports
of food and agricultural products. Strict and often-changing technical
requirements for processed foods are intended to protect consumers and
'strategic' or 'national' products. For bulk agricultural commodities,
seasonal import bans are enforced through the system of import licensing
(and high tariffs) to protect domestic producers. A May 5, 2004 decree
named "Implementation of Import Monitoring" enjoins the Foreign Commerce
Secretariat to "closely watch the developments of designated imported
goods." What goods to be monitored is determined by evaluations of the
Import Department of Foreign Commerce Secretariat.

For a more detailed description of Turkey's food regulatory system,
please refer to FAS Food and Agricultural Import Regulations Report
(FAIRS) TU 5043 and FAIRS Certificates Report, TU 5031 available on the
FAS website [www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

## II.4. Import Process

## 

In order to import any food product to Turkey, an importer must first
submit a written application to the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture
(MARA)'s General Directorate of Protection and Control. Attached to the
application letter must be the following documents:

1\. A completed import permit form obtained from MARA/Protection and
Control;

2\. A Proforma Invoice;

3\. An Analysis Report providing physical, chemical, microbiological and
heavy metal specifications of the product imported. Frozen seafood is
exempt from this requirement. A statement about dioxin is also required
from some countries.

4\. For consumer-ready products, a sanitary or phytosanitary certificate
from a government food inspection agency of the country of origin
stating that the product meets the phytosanitary requirements of the
importing country, is fit for human consumption and is freely marketed
in the country of origin;

5\. A sample of the Turkish label for the product.

6\. For alcohol products, a "distribution certificate" provided by the
producer's company to the importer and/or distributor indicating that
the Turkish company is authorized to market and deliver the product in
Turkey;

7\. For "special" foods such as diet foods, foods for diabetics,
vitamins, baby foods, etc. the importer must provide a written
declaration that he will not advertise the foodstuff in such a way as to
mislead the consumer.

The importer will normally receive written approval along with an import
permit from the Ministry of Agriculture within one or two weeks.

## II.5. Customs Process

Importers need to present an approved import license, bill of lading,
certificate of origin, sanitary or phytosanitary certificate, the
analysis report (physical, chemical, etc.) and other standard import
documents to Customs upon entry of the product. Note: Port officials
sometimes reject copies, even notarised copies, of documentation, and
insist on originals. If an original document cannot be submitted,
problems will be minimized if the notarial seal on a copy is on the
copied original, not on a separate page. The Ministry of Agriculture
officials take samples for testing to confirm the analysis report with
results generally available in two to three days. Bulk or semi-processed
commodities are subject to further checks for compliance with either the
plant quarantine law or the animal health law.

# Section III: Market Sector Structure and Trends

## III.1. Retail Food Sector 

The number of modern retail outlets and discount stores almost doubled
during the last three years and is expected to grow for many years to
come. While large super market chains are increasing their penetration
in to smaller cities, hard discount chains are increasing their number
of stores in the major centres. Mergers and acquisitions are also taking
place as larger companies are buying smaller chains to increase market
share. For example, in 2005 Migros, number one chain in Turkey, bought
Tansas, number three chain, and Carrefour, number two bought, Gima,
number four. Economic development in recent years has helped these
modern market chains to increase number of stores, customers and sales
while the number of traditional groceries had declined. According to the
industry sources, the number of hypermarkets rose to 160 in 2005
compared to 130 in 2000, while the number of "bakkals," that is local
"mom & pop" grocery stores, declined to about 120,000 in 2005 compared
to 135,000 in 2000.

Food prices in Turkey, especially for imported processed goods, are
extremely high. For example, beef prices are higher in Turkey than they
are in Switzerland. High tariff protection applies to processed food
products such as 170 percent for yogurt varieties, 140 for cheese and
130 percent for popcorn. Although the average per capita income in
Turkey has nearly doubled since 2002 to about U.S. \$5,000 per year
(2005), compared to Western Europe the purchasing power of the majority
of Turks remains low.

The structure of the retail sector is significantly influenced by the
type of food consumed by the majority of the population. For low-income
groups, it is estimated that 40 percent of the diet is made up of bread
---some report that Turks have the highest per capita bread consumption
in the world\-- with an additional 15 percent made up of rice, potatoes
and pasta products. For the entire population, processed foods make up
only about 15 to 20 percent of consumption. Thus, the share of
hypermarkets in the overall food retail market is still low compared to
Western Europe or North America but is increasing rapidly. Industry
sources estimate that in 2005 various size modern markets control
approximately 45 percent of the organized food retail market compared to
43 percent in 2004 while the share of neighborhood "bakkals" declined to
35 percent in 2005 from 37 percent in 2004. Industry sources project
that the share of modern markets will reach 60 percent by the year 2010.
For a more detailed description of Turkey's retail food market, please
refer to FAS Ankara Report TU 4005 available on the FAS website
[www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

## III.2. Food Processing Sector

Turkey, with its rich agricultural base, has a highly developed
food‑processing industry. According to the 2002 census there are over
32,700 food-processing firms in Turkey. Most are small to medium sized
enterprises of which only a small percentage of these firms use modern
technology for production and quality control.

The major local holding companies are investing in food processing to
benefit from the recent developments in this sector. Rapid growth is
foreseen in production of various food items like dairy products namely
milk, yogurt (particularly in verities that fall in to functional food
group), cheese, chocolate and ice cream and also, biscuits and fruit
juices.

Large food processors prefer to purchase locally or import their food
supplies directly most of the time. However, small to medium sized
processors get in contact with importers, brokers, and/or wholesalers.
Often times, an importer also acts as a wholesaler.

For a more detailed description of Turkey's food processing sector,
please refer to FAS Ankara Report TU 2047 available on the FAS website
[www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

## III.3. HRI Food Service

Changing demographics, increasing tourism and continuing economic growth
in the last four years has brought rapid development of all sectors;
fast food, institutional food, restaurants and hotels.

There are about 50,000 restaurants in Turkey. Restaurants comprise the
leading market segment in the food service sector, accounting in 2005
for 30 percent of total food service sales -- 85 percent in food and 15
percent in beverages. It is a large category covering all outlets from
traditional kebab and "pide" (similar to pizza) houses to luxurious
restaurants offering a wide variety of international dishes.

Luxury restaurants comprise the main market for imported food and
beverages, but only 5-10 percent of the total restaurant market.
Traditional restaurants, which are open for lunch as well as dinner and
often serve wine, beer and alcohol, are estimated to have over 50
percent of total restaurant sales. Their use of imported food and
beverages is negligible, as high prices (as a result of high tariffs)
are a major deterrent to most independent restaurateurs. Fast-food
restaurants comprise the remainder of the restaurant sector, and can be
divided into two main sub sectors - modern and traditional. Traditional
fast food comprises of small take-out restaurants specializing in kebabs
and other local dishes that are sold at low prices for stand-up or take
away customers. The modern fast-food sector is comprised of McDonalds,
Burger King and other international and local chains serving salads,
sandwiches, hamburgers, chicken and pizza. Outlets are located
predominantly in larger urban areas. An average 10 percent growth rate
is expected in restaurant food service for the next five years.

Foreign restaurants procure their imported items either through
importers or wholesalers. The main import items are wine, beer, fish and
seafood, specialty cheeses, sauces and pastry, and staple items like
corn, rice, etc. when domestic supplies are not appropriate.

Fast food chains are a relatively new concept in Turkey having begun
only 17 years ago.

Turkey\'s fast food market also benefited from the recent economic
developments and total size of the market reached \$1.5 billion at the
end of 2005 compared to \$600 million in 2001. The sector is expected to
continue to grow another 15 percent in 2006. Some new chains are getting
ready to operate in Turkey but currently there are 25 fast food chains
with a total of 800 outlets. About 75 percent of them are located in big
cities.

In the 1980's, institutional food services began emerging in Turkey to
supply food to cafeterias in factories, schools, hospitals, private
companies, and public sector organizations.

The institutional food service sector developed rapidly in recent years
particularly after the Turkish military, old-age homes and hospitals
started out-sourcing meal preparation. Recent privatization of large
state-owned companies such as refineries and steel mills is expected to
help the sector to enlarge further. Total size of the sector for 2006 is
estimated at about \$5 billion compared to \$3 billion in 2003. There
are about 1,080 food service enterprises in Istanbul alone and the total
for Turkey is estimated to be more than 3,000.

Turkey has become one of the world's major tourist destinations,
receiving annually more than 20 million tourists mostly from European
countries. The number of luxury hotels has continuing to increase year
by year. The hotel sector has estimated to have 25 percent market share
of total food service sales. From 2001-2005 the hotel sector grew about
20 percent per year parallel to the growth in the tourism industry.
Tourism sector income is expected to reach \$21 billion in 2006 compared
to US\$ 10 billion in 2001.

For more information on this sector, please refer to FAS Ankara report
TU 5005 available at the FAS website [www.fas.usda.gov.]{.underline}

# Section IV: Best High-Value Product Prospects

The best high-valued products for the imported food market (retail) are
internationally recognized branded food products. These types of
products in general account for 30 percent of overall imported food
products. These include cocoa and instant coffee, chocolate and
confectionary goods, cookies and crackers, breakfast cereal, cheese,
alcoholic beverages, sauces, seafood and pet foods. The change in wine
and beer import and distribution regulations now allows imported
products to be sold in the retail market, which created new
opportunities for U.S. wine and beer to be sold in the Turkish market,
although taxes are high. Functional food items such as food supplements
and "sports drinks" also represents a new opportunity for U.S. exports
since it is a new sub-sector with a rapid growth.

# Section V: Key Contacts and Further Information

+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| **Organization**  | **Contact  | **Address**     | **P    | **Fax** |
|                   | Name**     |                 | hone** |         |
+===================+============+=================+========+=========+
| The Union of      | Mr. Rifat  | Ataturk Bulvari | 9      | 90-312- |
| Chambers of       | Hisa       | 149             | 0-312- |         |
| Commerce,         | rciklioglu |                 |        | 4       |
| Industry,         |            | Bakanliklar     | 413    | 18-3268 |
| Maritime Trade    | Chairman   |                 | 8000   |         |
| And Commodity     |            | Ankara, Turkey  |        |         |
| Exchanges of      |            |                 | 9      |         |
| Turkey/ *Turkiye  |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
| Odalar ve         |            |                 |        |         |
| Borsalar Birligi  |            |                 | 41     |         |
| (TOBB)*           |            |                 | 3-8022 |         |
|                   |            |                 | (d     |         |
|                   |            |                 | irect) |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Ankara Chamber of | Mr. Sinan  | Eskisehir Yolu  | 9      | 90-312- |
| Commerce /        | Aygun      | Uzeri, II.      | 0-312- |         |
| *Ankara Ticaret   |            | Cadde No.5      |        | 2       |
| Odasi*            | Chairman   |                 | 28     | 86-2764 |
|                   |            | 06530 Sogutozu  | 5-7950 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 28     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 5-7954 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Ankara Chamber of | Mr. Zafer  | Ataturk Bulvari | 9      | 90-312- |
| Industry/ *Ankara | Caglayan   | 193/4           | 0-312- |         |
| Sanayi Odasi*     |            |                 |        | 4       |
|                   | Chairman   | 06680           | 41     | 17-2060 |
|                   |            | Kavaklidere     | 7-1200 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 90-312- |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-312- | 4       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 17-5205 |
|                   |            |                 | 41     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 7-1204 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of Marine | Mr. Metin  | Meclisi Mebusan | 9      | 90-212- |
| Trade/ *Deniz     | Kalkavan   | Cad. No: 22     | 0-212- |         |
| Ticaret Odasi*    |            |                 |        | 2       |
|                   | Chairman   | 34427           | 25     | 93-7935 |
|                   |            | Salipazari      | 2-0130 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 90-212- |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 43-5498 |
|                   |            |                 |        | (       |
|                   |            |                 |        | direct) |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Istanbul Chamber  | Mr. Tanil  | Mesrutiyet Cad. | 9      | 90-212- |
| of Industry /     | Kucuk      | No.:118, 34430  | 0-212- |         |
| *Istanbul Sanayi  |            |                 |        | 2       |
| Odasi*            | Chairman   | Tepebasi        | 25     | 49-3963 |
|                   |            |                 | 2-2900 |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        | 9       |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        | 0-212-2 |
|                   |            |                 |        | 49-5084 |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Istanbul Chamber  | Mr. Murat  | Resadiye Cad.   | 9      | 90-212- |
| of Commerce /     | Yalcintas  |                 | 0-212- |         |
| *Istanbul Ticaret |            | 34112, Eminonu  |        | 5       |
| Odasi*            | Chairman   |                 | 45     | 13-1565 |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 5-6000 |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Aegean Chamber of | Mr. Kemal  | Cumhuriyet      | 9      | 90-232- |
| Industry / *Ege   | Colakoglu  | Bulvari 63      | 0-232- |         |
| Bolgesi Sanayi    |            |                 |        | 4       |
| Odasi*            | Assembly   | 35210 Pasaport  | 44     | 83-9937 |
|                   | President  |                 | 1-0909 |         |
|                   |            | Izmir, Turkey   |        |         |
|                   | Mr. Ender  |                 |        |         |
|                   | Y          |                 |        |         |
|                   | organcilar |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   | Chairman   |                 |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| SET-BIR (Union Of | Ms. Melek  | Coban Yildizi   | 90-    | 9       |
| Dairy Producers)  | Us,        | Sok. No:1/ 14   | 312-42 | 0-312-4 |
|                   | Secretary  | Cankaya,        | 8-4774 | 28-4746 |
|                   | General    |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  | 90-    |         |
|                   |            |                 | 312-42 |         |
|                   |            |                 | 8-4775 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| BESD-BIR (Union   | Mr. Zuhal  | Cetin Emec      | 90-    | 9       |
| of Poultry        | Dasdan,    | Blv.,           | 312-47 | 0-312-4 |
| Producers)        | Chairman   |                 | 2-7788 | 72-7789 |
|                   |            | 85 Sok. No.5A,  |        |         |
|                   |            | Ovecler, Ankara |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Flour     | Mr. Edip   | Konrad Adenauer | 9      | 9       |
| Millers           | Aktas,     | Cad. 248,       | 0-312- | 0-312-4 |
| Federation/       | Secretary  | Yildiz, Ankara  | 44     | 40-0364 |
| *Turkiye Un       | General    |                 | 0-0454 |         |
| Sanayicileri      |            |                 |        |         |
| Federasyonui*     |            |                 |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Feed      | Mr. Ulku   | Cetin Emec      | 90-    | 9       |
| Millers           | Karakus,   | Blv.,           | 312-47 | 0-312-4 |
| Association/      | President  |                 | 2-8320 | 72-8323 |
| *Turkiye Yem      |            | 2\. Cad.,       |        |         |
| Sanayicileri      |            | No.38/7,        |        |         |
| Birligi*          |            | Ovecler,        |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Dikmen-Ankara   |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Seed      | Mr. Ayhan  | Mithatpasa Cad. | 90-    | 9       |
| Industry          | Elci,      | 50/4            | 312-43 | 0-312-4 |
| Association/      |            |                 | 2-0050 | 32-0050 |
| *Turkiye          | Secretary  | Fazilet Apt.    |        |         |
| Tohumcular        | General    | 06420           | 90-    |         |
| Birligi*          |            | Yenisehir,      | 312-43 |         |
|                   |            | Ankara          | 2-2650 |         |
|                   |            |                 | (d     |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | irect) |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Union of Pasta    | Mr. Ergin  | Cinnah Cad. No. | 90-    | 9       |
| Producers/        | Erzurumlu, | 59/5, Cankaya,  | 312-44 | 0-312-4 |
| *Makarna          | Secretary  | Ankara          | 1-5547 | 38-3433 |
| Sanayicileri      | General    |                 |        |         |
| Dernegi*          |            |                 |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Foreign Economic  | Mr. Ufuk   | TOBB Plaza      | 9      | 90-212- |
| Relations Board / | Yilnaz     | Talatpasa Cad., | 0-212- |         |
| *Dis Ekonomik     |            | No.3, Kat:5 ,   |        | 2       |
| Iliskiler         | Chairman   | 34394           | 27     | 70-3092 |
| Kurulu - DEIK*    |            |                 | 0-4190 |         |
|                   |            | Gultepe -       |        |         |
|                   |            | Levent          | 90-    |         |
|                   |            |                 | 212-33 |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 9-5000 |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | pbx    |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish-American  | Mr. Ugur   | Buyukdere Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Business          | Terzioglu, | Tankaya Apt.,   | 0-212- |         |
| Association /     |            | No.18, Kat:7,   |        | 2       |
| *Turk-Amerikan    | Chairman   | Daire:20,       | 29     | 91-0645 |
| Isadamlari        |            |                 | 1-0916 |         |
| Dernegi*          |            | Sisli, 34360    |        | 90-212- |
|                   |            |                 | 9      |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,Turkey | 0-212- | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 91-0647 |
|                   |            |                 | 29     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 1-0917 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish           | Mr. Omer   | Mesrutiyet      | 9      | 9       |
| Industrialists    | Sabanci    | Cad., No.74     | 0-212- | 0-212-2 |
| and Businessmen   |            |                 |        | 49-0913 |
| Assn./ *Turk      | Chairman   | 80050 Tepebasi  | 24     |         |
| Sanayicileri ve   |            |                 | 9-1929 | 90-212- |
| Isadamlari        |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
| Dernegi- TUSIAD*  |            | Turkey          | pbx    | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 49-1350 |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Assn. Of Bursa    | Mr. Ali    | Kultur Park Ici | 9      | 90-224- |
| Industrialists &  | Ihsan      |                 | 0-224- |         |
| Businessmen /     | Yesilova   | Arkeoloji       |        | 2       |
| *Bursa Sanayici   |            | Muzesi Yani,    | 23     | 35-2350 |
| ve Isadamlari     | Chairman   | 16050           | 3-5018 |         |
| Dernegi- BUSIAD*  |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Bursa, Turkey   |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Assn. Of Foreign  | Mr. Saban  | Barbaros        | 9      | 90-212  |
| Capital           | Erdikler   | Bulvari         | 0-212- |         |
| Coordination /    |            | Murbasan Sok.,  |        | 2       |
| *Yabanci Sermaye  | Chairman   | Koza Is Merkezi | 27     | 74-6664 |
| Koordinasyon      |            |                 | 2-5094 |         |
| Dernegi-YASED*    |            | B-Blok, Kat:1   |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | 34349 Besiktas  |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Independent       | Dr. Omer   | Mecidiye Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Industrialists    | Bolat      | No.7/50         | 0-212- |         |
| and Businessmen's |            |                 |        | 2       |
| Assn./ *Mustakil  | Chairman   | Cansizoglu Is   | 213    | 13-7890 |
| Sanayici ve       |            | Merkezi, 34387, | -6100/ |         |
| Isadamlari        |            | Mecidiyekoy,    | 2      | 90-212- |
| Dernegi -MUSIAD*  |            | Sisli           | lines  |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 2       |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        | 16-0142 |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| The Banks         | Mr. Ersin  | Nispetiye Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Association of    | Ozince     | Akmerkez B3     | 0-212- |         |
| Turkey / *Turkiye |            | Blok, Kat:13-14 |        | 2       |
| Bankalar Birligi* | Chairman   |                 | 28     | 82-0946 |
|                   |            | 80630 Etiler    | 2-0973 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        | 90-212- |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 9      |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 0-212- | 2       |
|                   |            |                 |        | 82-0947 |
|                   |            |                 | 28     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 2-0988 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish           | Mr. Halil  | Meclisi Mebusan | 9      | 90-212- |
| Industrial        | Eroglu     | Cad., No.:161   | 0-212- |         |
| Development Bank  |            |                 |        | 2       |
| / *Turkiye Sinai  | Chairman   | 34427 Findikli  | 33     | 43-2975 |
| Kalkinma Bankasi  |            |                 | 4-5050 |         |
| A.S.i-TSKB*       |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Union of Turkish  | Mr. Semsi  | GMK Bulvari     | 9      | 90-312- |
| Agricultural      | Bayraktar  |                 | 0-312- |         |
| Chambers /        |            | No:25           |        | 2       |
| *Turkiye Ziraat   | Chairman   |                 | 23     | 31-7627 |
| Odalari Birligi*  |            | Demirtepe       | 1-6300 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Ankara, Turkey  |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of        | Mr. Gokhan | Karanfil Sok.,  | 9      | 90-312- |
| Agricultural      | Gunaydin   | 28/12 Kizilay   | 0-312- |         |
| Engineers /       |            |                 |        | 4       |
| *Ziraat           | President  | Ankara, Turkey  | 41     | 18-5198 |
| Muhendisleri      |            |                 | 8-5597 |         |
| Odasi*            |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-312- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 42     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 5-0555 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Chamber of Forest | Mr.Ali     | Necatibey Cad., | 9      | 90-312- |
| Engineers /       | K          |                 | 0-312- |         |
| *Orman            | ucukaydin, | 16/13, Sihhiye  |        | 2       |
| Muhendisleri      |            |                 | 22     | 29-8633 |
| Odasi*            | Chairman   | Ankara, Turkey  | 9-2009 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Market and Public | Mr. Betul  | Istiklal Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Opinion           | Khan,      | Imam Adnan      | 0-212- |         |
| Researchers Assn. |            | Sok., Peva Han, |        | 2       |
| / *Pazarlama ve   | Chairman   | Kat:3, 34435    | 24     | 49-9956 |
| Kamuoyu           |            | Beyoglu         | 9-2319 |         |
| Arastirmacilari   | Ms.Jale    |                 |        |         |
| Dernegi*          | Elhadef,   | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
|                   | General    |                 |        |         |
|                   | C          |                 |        |         |
|                   | oordinator |                 |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Advertising Firms | Mr. Jeffi  | Istiklal Cad.,  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Association /     | Medina     | No.407, Kat;4,  | 0-212- |         |
| Reklamcilar       |            | Beyoglu         |        | 2       |
| Dernegi           | President  |                 | 24     | 43-9370 |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 3-9363 |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Advertisers       | Mr. Hakan  | Ali Nihat       | 9      | 90-216- |
| Association /     | Uyanik,    | Tarlan cad.,    | 0-216- |         |
| *Reklam Verenler  |            | Karaman Sok.,   |        | 3       |
| Dernegi*          | President  | Hofman Is       | 36     | 61-4429 |
|                   |            | Plaza, No:2/15, | 1-4452 |         |
|                   |            | Kat:7           |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | 34744 Bostanci  |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Food Importers    | Ms.        | Buyukdere Cad.  | 9      | 90-212- |
| Association /     | Melahat    | No:64/13 Somer  | 0-212- |         |
| *Tum Gida         | Ozkan      | Apt. Kat:5      |        | 3       |
| Ithalatcilari     |            | Mecidiyekoy,    | 34     | 47-2570 |
| Dernegi-TUGIDER*  | Secretary  | Istanbul        | 7-2560 |         |
|                   | General    |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Beverage          | Mr. Ismail | Bedri Rahmi     | 9      | 90-216- |
| Producers         | Sayit      | Eyuboglu Sok.,  | 0-216- |         |
| Association /     |            | Derya Apt.,     |        | 3       |
| *Mesrubatcilar    | President  | No.3, Kat:6,    | 34     | 48-1029 |
| Dernegi*          |            | 34726, Kalamis  | 5-9915 |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       | 9      |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 0-216- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 34     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 8-3616 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish           | Mr. Mahir  | Ergenekon Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Franchising       | Saranga    | Pangalti Is     | 0-212- |         |
| Association /     |            | Merkezi, 89/15  |        | 2       |
| *Ulusal           |            | Kat: 3,         | 29     | 19-0564 |
| Franchising       |            |                 | 6-6628 |         |
| Dernegi*-*UFRAD*  |            | 80240 Pangalti, |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Paper and Paper   | Mr. Erdal  | Buyukdere Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Pulp              | Sukan      | Cinar Apt.,     | 0-212- |         |
| Industrialists    |            | No95, Kat:3,    |        | 2       |
| Foundation /      | Chairman   | D:11-12         | 27     | 17-8888 |
| *Seluloz ve Kagit |            |                 | 5-1389 |         |
| Sanayicileri      |            | Mecidiyekoy     |        |         |
| Vakfi*            |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Textile Research  | Mr. Celal  | Millet Cad.,    | 9      | 90-212- |
| / *Tekstil        | Yuksel,    | Sule Apt.       | 0-212- |         |
| Arastirma         |            | No.35, Kat:3    |        | 6       |
| Dergisi*          | President  | 34300           | 58     | 32-7129 |
|                   |            | Findikzade,     | 8-4524 |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          | 9      |         |
|                   |            |                 | 0-212- |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            |                 | 58     |         |
|                   |            |                 | 9-0179 |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| Turkish Clothing  | Ms. Aynur  | Mehmet Akif     | 9      | 90-212- |
| Manufacturers     | Bektas     | Cad., Haydar    | 0-212- |         |
| Assn. / *Turkiye  |            | Akin Is Merkezi |        | 4       |
| Giyim             | Chairman   | No.: 2, 1.      | 63     | 51-6113 |
| Sanayicileri      |            | Sok., No.23,    | 9-7656 |         |
| Dernegi*          |            | Kat:5           |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Sirinevler      |        |         |
|                   |            |                 |        |         |
|                   |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
|                   |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+
| International     | Mr. Cetin  | Nispetiye Cad., | 9      | 90-212- |
| Overland          | Nuhoglu,   | Seheryildizi    | 0-212- |         |
| Transporters      |            | Sok., No.10,    |        | 3       |
| Assn. /           | Chairman   | Etiler          | 35     | 59-2626 |
| *Uluslararasi     |            |                 | 9-2600 |         |
| Nakliyeciler      |            | Istanbul,       |        |         |
| Dernegii*         |            | Turkey          |        |         |
+-------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+---------+

## V.1. Important Regulatory and Governmental Contacts

+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| Ministry of      | Mr. Mehmet | Eskisehir Yolu, | (9     | (90-312) |
| Agriculture and  | Mehdi      | 9. Km.,         | 0-312) |          |
| Rural Affairs/   | Eker,      | Lodumlu, Ankara |        | 287-7213 |
| *Tarim ve        |            |                 | 28     |          |
| Koyisleri        | Minister   |                 | 6-5320 |          |
| Bakanligi*       |            |                 |        |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| Ministry of      | Mr. Vedat  | Eskisehir Yolu, | (9     | (90-312) |
| Agriculture and  | Mirmahmu   | 9. Km., Eski    | 0-312) |          |
| Rural Affairs/   | togullari, | Koy Hizmetleri  |        | 287-7213 |
| *Tarim ve        | Under      | Binasi,         | 28     |          |
| Koyisleri        |            | Lodumlu, Ankara | 7-7222 |          |
| Bakanligi*       | Secretary  |                 |        |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| General          | Dr. Nihat  | Akay Cad.       | (9     | (90-312) |
| Directorate of   | Pakdil,    |                 | 0-312) |          |
| Protection and   | ADG        | No. 3,          |        | 418-6318 |
| Control/ *Koruma |            | Bakanliklar,    | 42     |          |
| ve Kontrol Genel | Mr. Durali | Ankara          | 5-7789 |          |
| Mudurlugu*       | Kocak,     |                 |        |          |
|                  | Asistant   |                 | (9     |          |
|                  | Director   |                 | 0-312) |          |
|                  | General    |                 |        |          |
|                  |            |                 | 41     |          |
|                  |            |                 | 7-9623 |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| General          | Huseyin    | Eskisehir Yolu, | (9     | (90-312) |
| Directorate of   | Velioglu,  | 9. km Eski Koy  | 0-312) |          |
| Production and   | Director   | Hizmetleri      |        | 286-3830 |
| Development/     | General    | Binasi,         | 28     |          |
| *Uretim ve       |            | Lodumlu, Ankara | 7-3360 |          |
| Gelistirme Genel |            |                 |        |          |
| Mudurlugu*       |            |                 |        |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| Turkish Grain    | Ismail     | Milli Mudafa    | (9     | (90-312) |
| Board/ *Toprak   | Kemaloglu, | Cad. No.18,     | 0-312) |          |
| Mahsulleri       | Director   | Kizilay, Ankara |        | 417-4702 |
| Ofisi*           | General    |                 | 418    |          |
|                  |            |                 | -2316/ |          |
|                  |            |                 | 17     |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| Ministry of      | Mr. Ali    | Eskisehir Yolu  | (9     | (90-312) |
| Industry/ Sanayi | Coskun,    | 7.Km., No. 154, | 0-312) |          |
| Bakanligi        | Minister   | Sogutozu,       |        | 286-5325 |
|                  |            | Ankara          | 28     |          |
|                  |            |                 | 6-0696 |          |
|                  |            |                 |        |          |
|                  |            |                 | 28     |          |
|                  |            |                 | 6-2006 |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| U                | Tuncer     | Eskisehir Yolu, | (9     | (90-312) |
| ndersecretariate | Kayalar,   |                 | 0-312) |          |
| of Foreign       | Under      | Inonu Bulvari   |        | 215-7018 |
| Trade/ *Dis      | Secretary  | No: 36, Emek,   | 21     |          |
| Ticaret          |            | Ankara          | 5-7016 |          |
| Mustesarligi*    |            |                 |        |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| U                | Mr.        | Eskisehir Yolu, | (9     | (90-312) |
| ndersecretariate | Ibrahim    | Emek, Ankara    | 0-312) |          |
| of Treasury/     | Halil      |                 |        | 212-2297 |
| *Hazine          | Canakci,   |                 | 21     |          |
| Mustesarligi*    | Under      |                 | 2-5745 |          |
|                  | Secretary  |                 |        |          |
|                  |            |                 | 21     |          |
|                  |            |                 | 2-8630 |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| Ministry of      | Mr. Osman  | Ataturk         | (9     | (90-312) |
| Environment &    | Pepe,      | Bulvari,        | 0-312) |          |
| Forestry/ Cevre  | Minister   |                 |        | 418-7354 |
| ve *Orman        |            | No: 153         | 42     |          |
| Bakanligi*       |            |                 | 5-4606 |          |
|                  |            | Bakanliklar,    |        |          |
|                  |            | Ankara          | 42     |          |
|                  |            |                 | 5-2818 |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| Ministry of      | Prof. Dr.  | Sihhiye,        | (9     | (90-312) |
| Health/ *Saglik  | Recep      |                 | 0-312) |          |
| Bakanligi*       | Akdag,     | Ankara          |        | 431-4879 |
|                  | Minister   |                 | 430-   |          |
|                  |            |                 | 6095 - |          |
|                  |            |                 | 98     |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+
| Ministry of      | Mr. Kemal  | Ilkadim Cad.    | (9     | (90-312) |
| Finance/ *Maliye | Unakitan,  | No. 2,          | 0-312) |          |
| Bakanligi*       | Minister   | Bakanliklar,    |        | 425-0058 |
|                  |            | Ankara          | 42     |          |
|                  |            |                 | 5-0080 |          |
|                  |            |                 |        |          |
|                  |            |                 | 42     |          |
|                  |            |                 | 5-0023 |          |
+------------------+------------+-----------------+--------+----------+

# Table A. Key Trade and Demographic Information

+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Agricultural Imports From All Countries USD   | \$6.5 Billion        |
|                                               |                      |
| U.S. Market Share (%): 2005 \*                | (17 percent)         |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Consumer Food Imports From All Countries USD  | \$700 million        |
|                                               |                      |
| U.S. Market Share (%) All data 2004 UN        | (6 percent)          |
| figures                                       |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Natural fiber (cotton, wool) Imports From All | \$1.6 Billion        |
| Count.                                        |                      |
|                                               | (32 percent)         |
| U.S. Market Share (%) 2005\*                  |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Total Population / Annual Growth Rate         | 72 Million / (1.26%) |
| (%)(2005\*)                                   |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Number of Major Metropolitan Areas            | 7                    |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Percentage of woman in the work force         | 27%                  |
| (05/2006)                                     |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Unemployment rate (05/2006)                   | 8.8%                 |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Unemployment Rate between youth               | 4.7%                 |
|                                               |                      |
| (15-24 years old)(05/2006)                    |                      |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Per Capita GNP 2005\* (U.S. Dollars)          | \$5,000              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Current Exchange Rate (US\$ 1 = Turkish Lira) | YTL 1.5              |
+-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+

**\*Turkish Statistical Institute, Under Secretariat of Foreign Trade
and BICO**

# Table B: Turkey Food and agricultural imports

+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| ###### Food and agricultur  |         |         |         |         |
| al imports (US\$ 1,000,000) |         |         |         |         |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| # Products                  | *       | *       | **2     | *       |
|                             | *2004** | *2004** | 005\*** | *2005** |
|                             |         |         |         |         |
|                             | **U     | **      | **U     | **      |
|                             | .S.A.** | World** | .S.A.** | World** |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| Live animals                | 1       | 10      | 0.1     | 14      |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Grains**                  | 163     | 558     | 49      | 226     |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Fresh & Tropical fruits** | 7       | 161     | 0       | 284     |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Meals**                   | 78      | 401     | 49      | 341     |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Alcoholic and             | 4       | 31      | 0.3     | 23      |
| non-Alcoholic drinks**      |         |         |         |         |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Tobacco**                 | 34      | 239     | 22      | 276     |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Vegetable oils**          | 103     | 532     | 65      | 745     |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Oil seeds**               | 104     | 470     | 112     | 625     |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Hides and skins**         | 24      | 397     | 13      | 293     |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Logs**                    | 4       | 287     | 3       | 362     |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Wood pulp \$ paper**      | 75      | 221     | N/A     | 278     |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Natural fibers (cotton,   | 504     | 1,564   | 527     | 1,643   |
| wool, etc.)**               |         |         |         |         |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Other**                   | 71      | 1,188   | 240     | 1,370   |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **TOTAL**                   | 1,156   | 6,059   | 1,077   | 6,480   |
+-----------------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

**Source: Under Secretariat of Foreign Trade, \* BICO**

# Table C. Consumer--oriented agricultural total

+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Turkey Imports- Top 15 Ranking**             | **20 | **20 | **20 |
|                                                | 02** | 03** | 04** |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
|                                                | **   | **   | **   |
|                                                | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
|                                                | \$** | \$** | \$** |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| # Germany                                      | 69   | 77   | 104  |
|                                                | ,755 | ,123 | ,253 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Netherlands**                                | 48   | 59   | 76   |
|                                                | ,670 | ,757 | ,827 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Ireland**                                    | 45   | 38   | 64   |
|                                                | ,596 | ,712 | ,314 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **France**                                     | 24   | 28   | 39   |
|                                                | ,406 | ,032 | ,227 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **United States**                              | 16   | 29   | 43   |
|                                                | ,941 | ,634 | ,867 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Italy**                                      | 24   | 29   | 40   |
|                                                | ,604 | ,685 | ,451 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Ecuador**                                    | 22   | 28   | 39   |
|                                                | ,406 | ,032 | ,227 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Spain**                                      | 15   | 25   | 26   |
|                                                | ,862 | ,467 | ,058 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Denmark**                                    | 15   | 19   | 24   |
|                                                | ,862 | ,502 | ,741 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **United Kingdom**                             | 11   | 16   | 18   |
|                                                | ,482 | ,701 | ,529 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Cyprus**                                     | 11   | 16   | 19   |
|                                                | ,923 | ,655 | ,720 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Switzerland**                                | 10   | 12   | 20   |
|                                                | ,386 | ,147 | ,120 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Poland**                                     | 8    | 9    | 17   |
|                                                | ,223 | ,909 | ,630 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Belgium**                                    | 10   | 7    | 11   |
|                                                | ,234 | ,475 | ,895 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Bulgaria**                                   | 5    | 6    | 8    |
|                                                | ,158 | ,131 | ,896 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Ukraine**                                    | 2    | 6    | 10   |
|                                                | ,382 | ,325 | ,940 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Other**                                      | 61   | 77   | 90   |
|                                                | ,706 | ,074 | ,006 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **World**                                      | 423  | 526  | 699  |
|                                                | ,944 | ,782 | ,969 |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+
| **Source: United Nations Statistics Division** |      |      |      |
+------------------------------------------------+------+------+------+

# 

# Table D. Turkey Leading Fish & Seafood Product Exporters

+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| #                         | 2003 | **  | **  | **200 |   |            |
|                           |      | 200 | 200 | 6\*** |   |            |
|                           |      | 4** | 5** |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
|                           | **   | *   | *   | **100 |   |            |
|                           | 1000 | *10 | *10 | 0\$** |   |            |
|                           | \$** | 00\ | 00\ |       |   |            |
|                           |      | $** | $** |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Norway**                | 10   | 23, | 25, | 1     |   |            |
|                           | ,976 | 211 | 694 | 6,579 |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Spain**                 | 6    | 7,  | 6,  | 499   |   |            |
|                           | ,104 | 570 | 266 |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Seychelles**            | 0    | 2,  | 1,  | 0     |   |            |
|                           |      | 039 | 710 |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **France**                | 2    | 671 | 2,  | 4,057 |   |            |
|                           | ,403 |     | 246 |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Ireland**               | 3    | 282 | 129 | 0     |   |            |
|                           | ,044 |     |     |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Mauritania**            | 1    | 2,  | 934 | 0     |   |            |
|                           | ,272 | 829 |     |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Greece**                | 0    | 0   | 3,  | 2,369 |   |            |
|                           |      |     | 129 |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **India**                 | 481  | 890 | 1,  | 952   |   |            |
|                           |      |     | 235 |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Singapore**             | 379  | 597 | 873 | 492   |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **United States**         | 592  | 552 | 172 | 167   |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Ghana**                 | 0    | 2,  | 0   | 0     |   |            |
|                           |      | 973 |     |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Libya**                 | 0    | 2,  | 3,  | 20    |   |            |
|                           |      | 267 | 206 |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **N. Cyprus**             | 0    | 1,  | 2,  | 0     |   |            |
|                           |      | 288 | 926 |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **Other**                 | 7    | 9,  | 20, | 3,563 |   |            |
|                           | ,233 | 071 | 038 |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| **World**                 | 33   | 54, | 68, | 2     |   |            |
|                           | ,076 | 240 | 558 | 8,206 |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+
| Source: 2003 United       |      |     |     |       |   |            |
| Nations Statistics        |      |     |     |       |   |            |
|                           |      |     |     |       |   |            |
| 2004, 2005, 2006          |      |     |     |       |   |            |
| (Jan.-May) Turkish        |      |     |     |       |   |            |
| Statistical Institute     |      |     |     |       |   |            |
+---------------------------+------+-----+-----+-------+---+------------+

# Table E: Consumer Food and Edible Fishery Products

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Turkey Imports</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Imports from the World</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>Imports from the U.S.</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><strong>U.S. Market Share</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>(US$ million)</strong></td>
<td><strong>2002</strong></td>
<td><strong>2003</strong></td>
<td><strong>2004</strong></td>
<td><strong>2002</strong></td>
<td><strong>2003</strong></td>
<td><strong>2004</strong></td>
<td><strong>2002</strong></td>
<td><strong>2003</strong></td>
<td><strong>2004</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><strong>CONSUMER-ORIENTED</strong></p>
<p><strong>AGRICULTURAL TOTAL</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>424</strong></td>
<td><strong>527</strong></td>
<td><strong>700</strong></td>
<td><strong>17</strong></td>
<td><strong>31</strong></td>
<td><strong>34</strong></td>
<td><strong>4%</strong></td>
<td><strong>6%</strong></td>
<td><strong>6%</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Snack Foods (Excl. Nuts)</strong></td>
<td>27</td>
<td>32</td>
<td>46</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.68%</td>
<td>0.80%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Breakfast Cereals &amp; Pancake Mix</strong></td>
<td>9</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0.22%</td>
<td>0.14%</td>
<td>0.06</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Poultry Meat*</strong></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>64</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0%</td>
<td>0%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Dairy Products (Excl. Cheese)</strong></td>
<td>20</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>47</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.76%</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Cheese</strong></td>
<td>9</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>0.03%</td>
<td>0.18</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Eggs &amp; Products</strong></td>
<td>14</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>20%</td>
<td>18%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Fresh Fruit</strong></td>
<td>40</td>
<td>52</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0.05%</td>
<td>0.11%</td>
<td>0%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Processed Fruit &amp; Vegetables</strong></td>
<td>24</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>34</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3%</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Fruit &amp; Vegetable Juices</strong></td>
<td>5</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.85%</td>
<td>5%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Tree Nuts</strong></td>
<td>22</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>12%</td>
<td>14%</td>
<td>18%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Wine &amp; Beer</strong></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>0.41%</td>
<td>2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Nursery Products &amp; Cut Flowers</strong></td>
<td>12</td>
<td>16</td>
<td>24</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0.02%</td>
<td>0.01%</td>
<td>0.83%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Pet Foods (Dog &amp; Cat Food)</strong></td>
<td>6</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>52%</td>
<td>45%</td>
<td>41%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Other Consumer-Oriented Products</strong></td>
<td>221</td>
<td>268</td>
<td>373</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>19</td>
<td>28</td>
<td>4%</td>
<td>7%</td>
<td>7%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>FISH &amp; SEAFOOD PRODUCTS</strong></td>
<td>19</td>
<td>33</td>
<td>55</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Other Fishery Products</strong></td>
<td>14</td>
<td>26</td>
<td>43</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>2%</td>
<td>1%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><p><strong>Source: Combination of data from FAS' Global
Agricultural Trade System using data from the United Nations Statistical
Office and US Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
Statistics.</strong></p>
<p><strong>*Note: Poultry meat exports to Turkey are transshipments from
Mersin Free Trade Zone and it is not included in to the country total
imports.</strong></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>