**PECHAN**

5528-B Hempstead Way

Springfield, VA 22151

703-813-6700 telephone

703-813-6729 facsimile

3622 Lyckan Parkway

Suite 2002

Durham, NC 27707

919-493-3144 telephone

919-493-3182 facsimile

P.O. Box 1345

El Dorado, CA 95623

530-295-2995 telephone

530-295-2999 facsimile

**Number range CHAPTERDevelopment of the VISTAS Draft 2002 Mobile Source
Emission Inventory**

**(February 2004 Version)**

Prepared for:

VISTAS

59 Woodfin Place

Asheville, NC 28801

Prepared by:

Maureen A. Mullen

Kirstin B. Thesing

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

5528-B Hempstead Way

Springfield, VA 22151

February 9, 2004

Pechan Rpt. No. 04.01.002/9440.000

\[*This page intentionally left blank\]*

**CONTENTS**

**Page**

**TABLES** [iv](#tables)

FIGURES [v](#figures)

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS [vi](#acronyms-and-abbreviations)

I. Introduction/Background [1](#i.-introductionbackground)

II\. onroad Methods and Data [2](#ii.-onroad-methods-and-data)

A. 2002 VMT Development [2](#a.-2002-vmt-development)

1\. Conversion to Annual VMT [2](#conversion-to-annual-vmt)

2\. Projection to 2002 [3](#projection-to-2002)

3\. Splitting VMT by Road Type [4](#splitting-vmt-by-road-type)

a\. Allocation of VMT to Vehicle Type using Default VMT Mix Data
[4](#a.-allocation-of-vmt-to-vehicle-type-using-default-vmt-mix-data)

b\. Allocation of VMT to Vehicle Type using State-Provided VMT Mix Data
[6](#b.-allocation-of-vmt-to-vehicle-type-using-state-provided-vmt-mix-data)

c\. Allocation of VMT by Month [6](#c.-allocation-of-vmt-by-month)

B. 2002 Onroad Emission Factor Development using MOBILE6.2
[8](#b.-2002-onroad-emission-factor-development-using-mobile6.2)

1\. General MOBILE6.2 File Structure
[8](#general-mobile6.2-file-structure)

C. 2002 Onroad Emission Inventory Calculations
[14](#c.-2002-onroad-emission-inventory-calculations)

D. Data Provided by State and Local Agencies
[14](#d.-data-provided-by-state-and-local-agencies)

1\. Temperature 21

2\. I/M and ATP Programs 21

3\. RVP and Fuel Programs 21

III\. Nonroad Methods and Data 22

A. NONROAD Model Categories 22

B. Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessels and Locomotives 23

2\. CMV Improvements 28

a\. Current Allocation Method 28

b\. Revised Port Allocation Method 29

3\. Projection Methods 40

IV\. Onroad Refueling Methods 42

A. Controls 42

B. Methods 43

V. Nonroad Refueling Methods 44

VI\. Summary of Results 45

A. Onroad Results 45

B. Nonroad Results 47

VII\. Observations and Recommendations for Improvement 51

A. onRoad sector improvements 51

B. NonRoad sector improvements 52

VIII\. References 52

# TABLES

## 

Table II-1. VMT Data Provided by State/Local Agencies 3

Table II-2. VMT Growth Factors Used for Virginia 4

Table II-3. Allocation of VMT from HPMS Vehicle Categories to
MOBILE6 Vehicle Types for 2001
[5](#number-range-chaptertable-ii-3.-allocation-of-vmt-from-hpms-vehicle-categories-to-mobile6-vehicle-types-for-2001)

Table II-4. Default VMT Seasonal and Monthly Temporal Allocation Factors
[7](#table-ii-4.-default-vmt-seasonal-and-monthly-temporal-allocation-factors)

Table II-5. Default Speeds Modeled by Road Type and Vehicle Type
[13](#number-range-chaptertable-ii-5.-default-speeds-modeled-by-road-type-and-vehicle-type)

Table II-6. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by Alabama
[15](#table-ii-6.-summary-of-onroad-data-provided-by-alabama)

Table II-7. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by Florida
[15](#table-ii-7.-summary-of-onroad-data-provided-by-florida)

Table II-8. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by Georgia
[16](#table-ii-8.-summary-of-onroad-data-provided-by-georgia)

Table II-9. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by Kentucky 17

Table II-10. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by Mississippi 18

Table II-11. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by North Carolina 18

Table II-12. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by South Carolina 19

Table II-13. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by Tennessee 19

Table II-14. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by Virginia 20

Table II-15. Summary of Onroad Data Provided by West Virginia 20

Table III-1. Summary of Comments by S/L/T Agencies on NONROAD Model
Input Values Distributed in July 2003 22

Table III-2. Summary of S/L/T Agency Data Incorporated into the Draft
VISTAS 2002 Other Nonroad Inventory 23

Table III-3a. Replacement Procedures for 1999 Locomotive Emissions for
Pickens and Tuscaloosa County, Alabama 24

Table III-3b. Replacement Procedures for 1999 Aircraft, Locomotive, and
Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions for Palm Beach County, Florida 25

Table III-3c. Replacement Procedures for 1999 Aircraft and Locomotive
Emissions for Davidson County, Tennessee 26

Table III-3d. Replacement Procedures for 1999 Aircraft, Locomotive, and
Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions for Sample Counties in Virginia 27

Table III-4. Port Areas Located in VISTAS and Adjoining States 32

Table III-5. List of VISTAS Ports and Ports of Adjoining States 33

Table III-6. Definition of Port Areas Obtained from Waterborne Commerce
36

Table III-7a. Growth Factors for Railroad Distillate Fuel Oil Use 40

Table III-7b. 2002 National Rail Transportation Energy Use by Fuel Type
41

Table III-8. Growth Factors for Commercial Marine Vessel Distillate and
Residual Fuel

Oil Use 42

Table IV-1. Onroad Stage II Control Programs 43

Table V-1. 2002 Draft Stage II Refueling Emissions by State 45

Table VI-1. 2002 VISTAS Onroad Emissions and VMT by State 46

Table VI-2. 1999 NEI Version 2 Onroad Emissions and VMT by State 46

Table VI-3. Change in Onroad Emissions and VMT from 1999 NEI Version 2
to VISTAS 2002 Inventory 47

Table VI-4. 2002 VISTAS Annual Onroad Refueling Emissions 47

Table VI-5. Summary of Draft 2002 Nonroad Sector Annual Emissions by
State 48

Table VI-6. Summary of Draft 2002 NONROAD Model
Emission Estimates by State 49

Table VI-7. Summary of Draft 2002 Other Nonroad\* Emission Estimates by
State 50

###### 

# FIGURES

Figure II-1. Header Section of MOBILE6.2 Input File Including VOC
Exhaust and PM~10~ Emission Factors [9](#__RefHeading___Toc62526482)

Figure II-2. Header Section of MOBILE6.2 Input File Including VOC
Evaporative and PM~2.5~ Emission Factors
[9](#__RefHeading___Toc62526483)

Figure II-3. Run Data Section of a MOBILE6.2 Input File
[10](#__RefHeading___Toc62526484)

Figure II-4. Run Data Section of a MOBILE6.2 Input File with Significant
Local Inputs [10](#__RefHeading___Toc62526485)

Figure II-5. Sample Scenario for a Typical MOBILE6.2 Input File
[12](#__RefHeading___Toc62526486)

Figure III-1. VISTAS Region and Surrounding States, *Underway NO~x~
Emissions* 30

Figure III-2. VISTAS Region and Surrounding States, *Port NO~x~
Emissions* 31

Figure III-3. VISTAS Region and Surrounding States, *Revised Port
Emissions of NO~X~* 35

# ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ATADS Air Traffic Activity Data System

ATP anti-tampering program

BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics

BTU British thermal unit

CMV commercial marine vessels

CNG compressed natural gas

CO carbon monoxide

DOT Department of Transportation

EIA Energy Information Administration

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards

GF growth factor

HDDV heavy-duty diesel vehicle

HDGV heavy-duty gasoline vehicle

HPMS Highway Performance Monitoring System

I/M inspection and maintenance

LDDT light-duty diesel truck

LDDV light-duty diesel vehicle

LDGT light-duty gasoline truck

LDGV light-duty gasoline vehicle

LPG liquified petroleum gas

LTO landing and takeoff

MC motorcycle

mg milligram

NAPAP National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program

NEI National Emission Inventory

NH~3~ ammonia

NO~x~ oxides of nitrogen

OTAQ Office of Transportation and Air Quality

Pechan E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

PM~2.5~ particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or
equal to 2.5 micrometers

PM~10~ particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or
equal to 10 micrometers

ppmv parts per million volume

RFG reformulated gasoline

RVP Reid vapor pressure

SCC source classification code

S/L/T State/Local/Tribal

SO~2~ sulfur dioxide

USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

VISTAS Visibility Improvement-State and Tribal Association of the
Southeast

VMT vehicle miles traveled

VOC volatile organic compound

# I. Introduction/Background

The Visibility Improvement -- State and Tribal Association of the
Southeast (VISTAS) has contracted with E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.
(Pechan) to prepare a 2002 mobile source emissions inventory. The
purpose of this emissions inventory is to support the modeling and
assessment of speciated particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter
less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM~2.5~). Through this contract,
Pechan first prepared an inventory review document. This document
summarized several regional and national emission inventory efforts and
identified strengths and weaknesses associated with the use of these
inventories in regional haze modeling. This document also summarized
data submittals by State and local air agencies within the VISTAS region
that could be used in the VISTAS 2002 mobile source emissions inventory.

Since that time, the State and local air agencies have updated their
submittals for the mobile source sectors, including both onroad vehicles
and nonroad engines. In July of 2003, Pechan delivered sets of inputs to
the NONROAD model option files and MOBILE6.2 input files and vehicle
miles traveled (VMT) data for each State and local agency to review. For
the onroad sector, the MOBILE6.2 input files and VMT data represented
Pechan's processing of the State and local inputs in a consistent manner
for use in calculating the 2002 onroad emissions inventory. The
MOBILE6.2 input files and VMT data included as much of the local data
supplied by the State and local agencies as possible, with missing
information filled in with appropriate default data. The data delivered
by Pechan for the State and local agencies to review related to the
nonroad sector was primarily in the form of temperature and fuel data
that would be used as inputs to the NONROAD model. It should be noted
that the nonroad sector inputs were completed first and did not include
some of the later temperature and fuel updates that did get incorporated
in the onroad data.

The State and local agencies were given a brief period to review,
comment upon, and make updated submittals to the onroad and nonroad
inputs that were delivered in July 2003. After receiving these comments
and updated data, Pechan updated the appropriate MOBILE6.2 input files,
VMT data, and nonroad inputs with the revised State and local data.
Pechan then calculated 2002 onroad and nonroad emissions from these
inputs. Pechan presented the preliminary results of these emission
inventories at a VISTAS meeting on August 28, 2003. These draft August
2003 emission estimates, including inputs and methodology, were
documented in a draft report circulated to VISTAS in October 2003. This
October 2003 report also included documentation of draft 2002 refueling
emissions from onroad and nonroad sources. The VISTAS States were asked
to review this document, as well as the supporting files provided by
Pechan, and provide comments or revisions by December 2003. Onroad and
nonroad 2002 emissions for the VISTAS States have since been calculated
based on the updates provided by the States. This report documents the
inputs and methodologies used in the February 2004 version of the VISTAS
2002 onroad and nonroad mobile source emission inventories.

# II. onroad Methods and Data

## A. 2002 VMT Development

Table II-1 summarizes the type of VMT data submitted by each agency.
Depending upon the data submitted by the individual State or agency, up
to three different procedures were performed on the data. First, VMT
data that were not provided at the annual level were converted from
daily VMT to annual VMT. Second, VMT provided for years other than 2002
were grown from the base year provided. Finally, the VMT were allocated
by vehicle type, if not already at that level of detail. The section
discusses each of these procedures in more detail.

It should be noted that although the format and content of the VMT
provided by the VISTAS State and Local agencies varied significantly
from agency to agency, this draft 2002 VISTAS inventory is based at a
minimum on county/roadway type specific VMT, as provided by the
individual agencies. This is a significant improvement over the spatial
allocation methods used in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA's) National Emission Inventory (NEI) for onroad vehicles.

### 1. Conversion to Annual VMT

For use in the emission calculations, Pechan's ultimate goal with the
VMT data was to develop an annual 2002 VMT database by county, roadway
type, and vehicle type. As indicated in Table II-1, the VMT data were
submitted using three different time periods: annual, average annual
day, and summer day. No temporal adjustments were applied to VMT data
submitted as annual VMT. VMT data submitted as average annual day VMT
were multiplied by 365 to convert from an average day to the annual time
period. The Jefferson County, Kentucky VMT were submitted as summer day
VMT. All annual VMT values were converted to units of millions of miles
per year. Therefore, any VMT values submitted as miles were divided by a
factor of 1,000,000 and VMT values submitted in units of 1,000 miles
were divided by a factor of 1,000.

The Jefferson County, Kentucky VMT submittal included a single factor
for converting the summer day VMT to average annual day VMT. Thus, the
Jefferson County summer day VMT data were first multiplied by a factor
of 0.97752 (the temporal conversion factor provided by Jefferson County)
to obtain average annual day VMT. The VMT data were then multiplied by
365 to obtain the annual VMT.

  ---------------- ---------- -------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- --------------
  **Table II-1.                                                                         
  VMT Data                                                                              
  Provided by                                                                           
  State/Local                                                                           
  Agencies**                                                                            

  **State/Area**   **Time     **2002 Actual  **2002 Actual **2002        **2002 VMT     **1999 Actual
                   Period**   VMT by         VMT by        Projected VMT from TDM by    VMT by
                              County/Road    County/Road   by            County/Road    County/Road
                              Type/Vehicle   Type**        County/Road   Type/Vehicle   Type/Vehicle
                              Type**                       Type**        Type**         Type**

  Alabama          AAD                       X                                          

  Florida          AAD                       X                                          

  Georgia          AAD                       X                                          

  Kentucky         AAD                                     X                            

  Jefferson        SD                                                    X              
  County, KY                                                                            

  Mississippi      ANN        X                                                         

  North Carolina   AAD                       X                                          

  South Carolina   ANN                       X                                          

  Tennessee        AAD                       X                                          

  Virginia         ANN                                                                  X

  West Virginia    ANN        X                                                         X

  Time Period                                                                           
  Codes:                                                                                
  AAD=Average                                                                           
  Annual Day,                                                                           
  SD=Summer Day,                                                                        
  ANN=Annual                                                                            
  ---------------- ---------- -------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- --------------

### 2. Projection to 2002

As indicated in Table II-1, the Virginia VMT submittal was for a base
year of 1999 rather than 2002. Thus, these VMT data needed to be
projected to 2002 before calculating emissions. For Virginia, growth
factors were developed by roadway type for the period from 1999 to 2001
based on historical VMT data by roadway type from Table VM-2 "Functional
System Travel" in DOT's *Highway Statistics* series (DOT, 1999 and
2001). The growth factors, presented in Table II-2, were calculated by
dividing Virginia's 2001 VMT for each of the 12 roadway types from
*Highway Statistics 2001* by the corresponding 1999 VMT from *Highway
Statistics 1999*. For the period from 2001 to 2002, the growth factors
were developed using data obtained from the U.S. Department of
Transportation's Traffic Volume Trends report (DOT, 2002). This monthly
publication provides a comparison of preliminary 2002 VMT estimates with
comparable 2001 VMT. For several roadway types, these data are provided
only at a national level. However, for the combined rural interstates
and arterials, these data are presented by State. The resultant data,
used to project the 2001 Virginia VMT to 2002, are shown in Table II-2.
The 2001 to 2002 growth factors represent the 2002 VMT divided by the
2001 VMT, based on the data Virginia for the rural interstates and
arterials and on the national data for the remaining roadway types. Once
the growth factors were developed, the Virginia 1999 VMT data were first
multiplied by the appropriate 1999 to 2001 growth factor and then by the
appropriate 2001 to 2002 growth factor.

+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| ### Table II-2. VMT               |        |           |           |
|  Growth Factors Used for Virginia |        |           |           |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| **Roadway Type**                  | **R    | *         | *         |
|                                   | oadway | *Virginia | *Virginia |
|                                   | Type   | 1999 to   | 2001 to   |
|                                   | P      | 2001 VMT  | 2002 VMT  |
|                                   | ortion | Growth    | Growth    |
|                                   | of     | Factor**  | Factor**  |
|                                   | SCC**  |           |           |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Rural Interstate                  | 110    | 1.043     | 1.035     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Rural Other Principal Arterial    | 130    | 1.050     | 1.035     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Rural Major Arterial              | 150    | 1.130     | 1.035     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Rural Major Collector             | 170    | 0.982     | 1.011     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Rural Minor Collector             | 190    | 1.032     | 1.011     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Rural Local                       | 210    | 0.923     | 1.011     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Urban Interstate                  | 230    | 1.050     | 1.024     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Urban Other Freeway & Expressway  | 250    | 0.984     | 1.011     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Urban Other Principal Arterial    | 270    | 1.061     | 1.011     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Urban Minor Arterial              | 290    | 0.991     | 1.011     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Urban Collector                   | 310    | 0.925     | 1.013     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Urban Local                       | 330    | 0.690     | 1.013     |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+
| Sources: U.S. Department of       |        |           |           |
| Transportation, Federal Highway   |        |           |           |
| Administration, "Traffic Volume   |        |           |           |
| Trends, December 2002",           |        |           |           |
| (http://www.fhw                   |        |           |           |
| a.dot.gov/ohim/tvtw/tvtpage.htm); |        |           |           |
| *Highway Statistics 1999*, and    |        |           |           |
| *Highway Statistics 2001          |        |           |           |
| (http://www.fhwa.dot.             |        |           |           |
| gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.htm)* |        |           |           |
+-----------------------------------+--------+-----------+-----------+

### 3. Splitting VMT by Road Type

The final step in developing a consistent 2002 VMT data base was to
allocate VMT from the county and roadway type level of detail to the
county/roadway type/vehicle type level of detail. As shown in Table
II-1, the Jefferson County, Kentucky; Mississippi; Virginia; and West
Virginia VMT data supplied for these jurisdictions already included the
vehicle type level of detail, so this final adjustment was not needed
for these areas. For the remaining areas, some provided VMT mix by
vehicle type fractions while others provided no information on the
allocation of VMT by vehicle. In this latter case, default VMT fraction
data from EPA's MOBILE6 model were used.

The States for which MOBILE6 default VMT mix data were used are:
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky (excluding Boone County, Campbell
County, Kenton County, and Jefferson County), and South Carolina. It
should be noted that Georgia initially provided VMT fractions based on
Georgia\'s HPMS classification count data, but after review of ten years
of these data determined that they are not reflecting the trend towards
increasing travel by light trucks. Georgia therefore decided it was more
conservative to assume MOBILE6 default VMT fractions.

#### a. Allocation of VMT to Vehicle Type using Default VMT Mix Data

Number range CHAPTERTo calculate 2002 VMT at the county/roadway
type/vehicle type level using national default data, the VMT totals by
county and roadway type need to be allocated among the 28 MOBILE6
vehicle types. This was done based on the distribution of the 2001 rural
and urban VMT among the six Highway Performance Monitoring Systems
(HPMS) vehicle types found in Table VM-1 ("Annual Vehicle Distance
Traveled in Miles and Related Data - 1999 - by Highway Category and
Vehicle Type") of the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) *Highway
Statistics 2001* ([http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/
hs01/index.htm)](http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/ hs01/index.htm)) and a
mapping of these HPMS vehicle categories to the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle
types. This mapping of the MOBILE6 vehicle types to the HPMS vehicle
types was developed by EPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality
(OTAQ) and is used in the development of the NEI. The data first needed
to be expanded to the 28 vehicle type level of detail to obtain the
proper cross reference between the HPMS and MOBILE6 vehicle types since
the eight vehicle types used in the final VISTAS VMT data base cannot be
directly mapped to the HPMS vehicle categories. First, the VMT totals
for each of the six HPMS vehicle categories were calculated as a
fraction of the total VMT. This calculation was performed separately for
the rural VMT and the urban VMT. The resulting 2001 VMT fractions for
rural VMT and urban VMT are shown in Table II-3. Note that 2002 VMT are
not yet available at this level of detail. Using the default MOBILE6 VMT
fractions for 2001 (since the HPMS data represents 2001), taken from a
MOBILE6 output file for 2001, the MOBILE6 VMT fractions were
renormalized among all MOBILE6 vehicle types mapped to a given HPMS
vehicle category. This renormalization is shown in the final column of
Table II-3.

######### Number range CHAPTERTable II-3. Allocation of VMT from HPMS Vehicle Categories to MOBILE6 Vehicle Types for 2001

  -------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- --------------
  **HPMS Vehicle       **HPMS 2001   **HPMS 2001   **MOBILE6     **MOBILE6 2001
  Category**           Rural VMT     Urban VMT     Vehicle       VMT Fractions
                       Fractions**   Fractions**   Category**    by HPMS
                                                                 Category**

  Passenger Cars       0.542854      0.6065        LDGV          0.9980

                                                   LDDV          0.0020

  Motorcycles          0.0039        0.0031        MC            1.0000

  Other 2-Axle 4-Tire  0.3368        0.3375        LDGT1         0.1565
  Vehicles                                                       

                                                   LDGT2         0.5211

                                                   LDGT3         0.1585

                                                   LDGT4         0.0729

                                                   LDDT12        0.0005

                                                   LDDT34        0.0032

                                                   HDGV2B        0.0658

                                                   HDDV2B        0.0216

  Single-Unit 2-Axle   0.0332        0.0212        HDGV3         0.0376
  6-Tire or More                                                 
  Trucks                                                         

                                                   HDGV4         0.0206

                                                   HDGV5         0.0436

                                                   HDGV6         0.0934

                                                   HDGV7         0.0437

                                                   HDDV3         0.1023

                                                   HDDV4         0.0867

                                                   HDDV5         0.0380

                                                   HDDV6         0.2138

                                                   HDDV7         0.3205

  Combination Trucks   0.0770        0.0300        HDGV8A        0.0001

                                                   HDGV8B        0.0000

                                                   HDDV8A        0.2191

                                                   HDDV8B        0.7808

  Buses                0.0037        0.0017        HDGB          0.1920

                                                   HDDBT         0.3258

                                                   HDDBS         0.4822

  Total                1.0000        1.0000                      
  -------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- --------------

To calculate VMT by vehicle type, each VMT value representing a given
county and road type was multiplied by the product of the HPMS VMT
fraction (selected depending upon whether the road type represent VMT on
rural or urban roads) and the corresponding MOBILE6 VMT fraction by HPMS
category. This process resulted in 28 VMT values at the county/roadway
type/vehicle type level of detail for each county/roadway type VMT value
in the original VMT file.

As an example, Table II-3 shows that the HPMS Passenger Car vehicle
category accounts for 54.54 percent of the total VMT on rural road types
and that the MOBILE6 LDGV category accounts for 99.8 percent of the VMT
in the HPMS Passenger Car category. Therefore, a VMT value representing
rural interstates would be multiplied by 0.5454 times 0.9980 (0.5443),
to obtain the VMT total on rural interstates from LDGVs. Once all
county/roadway type VMT values were expanded to the corresponding set of
values of VMT at the county/roadway type/28 MOBILE6 vehicle type level
of detail, the VMT data base was then totaled at the eight vehicle type
level of detail (LDGV, LDGT1, LDGT2, HDGV, LDDV, LDDT, HDDV, MC).

#### b. Allocation of VMT to Vehicle Type using State-Provided VMT Mix Data

Both North Carolina and Tennessee provided VMT mix data at the eight
vehicle type level of detail. The Tennessee data was provided for ten
different county groupings, with a VMT mix provided for six aggregated
roadway type categories. North Carolina provided statewide VMT mix
fractions for each of the 12 roadway types. Since the VMT mix data for
these two States were already at the eight vehicle type level, the
procedure for allocating VMT by vehicle type was simpler than the
procedure described above using the default data. Each county/roadway
type VMT value was matched to the corresponding VMT mix for that county
and roadway type and then separately multiplied by each of the eight VMT
mix fractions to create eight VMT values by county/roadway type/vehicle
type that would sum to the original VMT value at the county/roadway type
level of detail.

#### c. Allocation of VMT by Month

The resulting annual county-level, vehicle, and roadway type-specific
VMT data were temporally allocated to months during the emission
calculations. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)
temporal allocation factors were used to apportion the VMT to the four
seasons. Monthly VMT data were obtained using a ratio between the number
of days in a month and the number of days in the corresponding season.
These temporal factors are shown in Table II-4. Several States provided
some level of information on temporal adjustment factors for their VMT.
These data were not used in this draft version of the 2002 VISTAS
emission inventory due to time constraints. However, any State or
locally supplied temporal adjustment factors will be included in the
final version of the 2002 VISTAS onroad emission inventory.

######### Table II-4. Default VMT Seasonal and Monthly Temporal Allocation Factors

  --------------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  ***Roadway                                                      
  Seasonal VMT                                                    
  Factors***                                                      

  Vehicle Type    Roadway Type   Winter     Spring     Summer     Fall

  LDV,LDT,MC      Rural          0.2160     0.2390     0.2890     0.2560

  LDV,LDT,MC      Urban          0.2340     0.2550     0.2650     0.2450

  HDV             All            0.2500     0.2500     0.2500     0.2500
  --------------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

  ------------ --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
  ***Monthly                                                                                                                
  VMT                                                                                                                       
  Factors***                                                                                                                

  Vehicle Type Roadway   Jan      Feb      Mar      Apr      May      Jun      Jul      Aug      Sep      Oct      Nov      Dec
               Type                                                                                                         

  LDV,LDT,MC   Rural     0.0744   0.0672   0.0805   0.0779   0.0805   0.0942   0.0974   0.0974   0.0844   0.0872   0.0844   0.0744

  LDV,LDT,MC   Urban     0.0806   0.0728   0.0859   0.0832   0.0859   0.0864   0.0893   0.0893   0.0808   0.0835   0.0808   0.0806

  HDV          All       0.0861   0.0778   0.0842   0.0815   0.0842   0.0815   0.0842   0.0842   0.0842   0.0852   0.0824   0.0861
  ------------ --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

## B. 2002 Onroad Emission Factor Development using MOBILE6.2

The onroad emission factors used in the calculation of the VISTAS 2002
onroad emission inventory were generated using EPA's MOBILE6.2 emission
factor model. In the development of the MOBILE6.2 input files, Pechan
attempted to include as much of the relevant data supplied by the State
and local agencies as possible, while at the same time, maintaining a
generally similar overall structure to the MOBILE6.2 input files, such
that the output emission factors could easily be matched to the
appropriate VMT values. This section first discusses the overall general
structure of the MOBILE6.2 input files. This is followed by details
explaining how this general structure was adapted to include the State
and local agency data and summaries of the types of data provided by
each agency.

### 1. General MOBILE6.2 File Structure

Each MOBILE6.2 input file is divided into three sections: the header
section, the run data section, and the scenario section. Information
contained in the header section is primarily related to defining the
output format and content desired by the user. For the processing of the
VISTAS emission calculations, the database output format, aggregated to
the daily level, was the desired output format. In addition, for proper
modeling of the VOC emissions, it was desired to calculate the exhaust
VOC emissions separately from the evaporative VOC emissions. However,
within the constraints of MOBILE6.2 in the daily aggregated database
output format, it is not possible to obtain evaporative and exhaust VOC
emission factors broken out separately within each scenario. It is also
not possible to obtain emission factors for both PM~10~ and PM~2.5~
within a single MOBILE6.2 scenario. Therefore, two sets of MOBILE6.2
input files were created---one set to model VOC exhaust, NO~x~, CO,
SO~2~, PM~10~, and NH~3~ emission factors and a second set to model VOC
evaporative and PM~2.5~ emission factors. Figure II-1 illustrates the
header section of a sample VISTAS MOBILE6.2 input file used to generate
the VOC exhaust, NO~x~, CO, SO~2~, PM~10~, and NH~3~ emission factors.
Similarly, Figure II-2 illustrates the header section of a sample VISTAS
MOBILE6.2 input file used to generate the VOC evaporative and PM~2.5~
emission factors. The primary difference between these two header
sections is in the selection of the emission types included, using the
DATABASE EMISSIONS command and in the selection of the pollutants to be
included in the output. In Figure II-1, having the first two flags set
to "2" following the DATABASE EMISSIONS command indicates that the
startup and running exhaust emission factor components will be included
in the output emission factor table. In Figure II-2, the last six flags
of the DATABASE EMISSIONS command line are set to "2" to obtain the
evaporative emission factor components in the emission factor output
file. In Figure II-2, the pollutants SO~2~ and NH~3~ are eliminated from
the PARTICULATES command line, as the emission factors for these
pollutants will be reported in the output file resulting from the file
shown in Figure II-1.

MOBILE6 INPUT FILE :

\> HEADER 01 0012002 - EXHAUST - PM 10.0

REPORT FILE : Vistas02/Output02/V0100110.TXT REPLACE

DATABASE OUTPUT :

WITH FIELDNAMES :

DAILY OUTPUT :

DATABASE EMISSIONS : 2211 1111

PARTICULATES : SO4 OCARBON ECARBON GASPM LEAD SO2 NH3 BRAKE TIRE

AGGREGATED OUTPUT :

EMISSIONS TABLE : Vistas02/TB1_02/V0100110.TB1 REPLACE

MOBILE6 INPUT FILE :

\> HEADER 01 0012002 - EVAPORATIVE - PM 2.50

REPORT FILE : Vistas02/Output02/V0100125.TXT REPLACE

DATABASE OUTPUT :

WITH FIELDNAMES :

DAILY OUTPUT :

DATABASE EMISSIONS : 1122 2222

POLLUTANTS : HC

PARTICULATES : ECARBON SO4 OCARBON GASPM LEAD BRAKE TIRE

AGGREGATED OUTPUT :

EMISSIONS TABLE : Vistas02/TB1_02/V0100125.TB1 REPLACE

The next section of the MOBILE6 input files is the run data section.
This section includes data that applies to all scenarios in the input
file. Figure II-3 shows an example of this section for a county using
default data. The only commands included in this example tell MOBILE6
that the HC emission factors should be expressed in terms of VOC and
that refueling emission factors should be excluded from the output. It
should be noted that refueling emissions were calculated using a
separate set of input files, but were excluded from the onroad input
files here since refueling emissions are included in the area source
inventory rather than the onroad inventory. Chapter IV discusses the
onroad refueling MOBILE6 input files and emission calculations. Comments
in Figure II-3 indicate that this input file is using default
registration distributions and diesel sales fractions. For any input
files that represent counties for which registration distribution,
diesel sales fractions, or trip length distributions have been provided
or that have an inspection and maintenance (I/M) program, anti-tampering
program (ATP), or low emission vehicle program in place in 2002,
additional inputs are required in the run data section of the MOBILE6.2
input file. Figure II-4 shows an example of an input file including all
of these data. Some of these data inputs are included directly in the
MOBILE6.2 input file, while other data are contained in external text
files that are named by the commands in the run data section. For
questions regarding the specifics of any of the MOBILE6 input commands
listed, the MOBILE6 User's Guide should be consulted.

RUN DATA :

\>

EXPRESS HC AS VOC :

NO REFUELING :

\* MOBILE6 Default Registration Distributions Applied

\* MOBILE6 Default Diesel Sales Fractions Applied

RUN DATA :

\>

EXPRESS HC AS VOC :

NO REFUELING :

REG DIST : Vistas02\\ExtFiles\\R02_ARLI.RDT

\* Diesel Sales Fractions Source File -
E:\\TrendsM6_New\\Vistas02\\ExtFiles\\D02_ARLI.DSF

DIESEL FRACTIONS :

0.0012 0.0023 0.0026 0.0027 0.0029 0.0015 0.0008 0.0011 0.0001 0.0006

0.0013 0.0015 0.0006 0.0014 0.0006 0.0099 0.0087 0.0446 0.0685 0.0857

0.1922 0.1481 0.1132 0.0959 0.0126

0.0056 0.0221 0.0167 0.0235 0.0126 0.0119 0.0206 0.0136 0.0155 0.0127

0.0246 0.0206 0.0222 0.0184 0.0227 0.0115 0.0310 0.0568 0.0508 0.1211

0.1077 0.2126 0.0711 0.0286 0.0176

0.0056 0.0221 0.0167 0.0235 0.0126 0.0119 0.0206 0.0136 0.0155 0.0127

0.0246 0.0206 0.0222 0.0184 0.0227 0.0115 0.0310 0.0568 0.0508 0.1211

0.1077 0.2126 0.0711 0.0286 0.0176

0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0115 0.0111 0.0145

0.0115 0.0129 0.0096 0.0083 0.0072 0.0082 0.0124 0.0135 0.0169 0.0209

0.0256 0.0013 0.0006 0.0011 0.0001

0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0126 0.0115 0.0111 0.0145

0.0115 0.0129 0.0096 0.0083 0.0072 0.0082 0.0124 0.0135 0.0169 0.0209

0.0256 0.0013 0.0006 0.0011 0.0001

0.1998 0.1998 0.1998 0.1998 0.1998 0.1998 0.1998 0.2578 0.2515 0.3263

0.2784 0.2963 0.2384 0.2058 0.1756 0.1958 0.2726 0.2743 0.3004 0.2918

0.2859 0.0138 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.6774 0.6774 0.6774 0.6774 0.6774 0.6774 0.6774 0.7715 0.7910 0.8105

0.8068 0.8280 0.8477 0.7940 0.7488 0.7789 0.7842 0.6145 0.5139 0.5032

0.4277 0.0079 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001

0.8606 0.8606 0.8606 0.8606 0.8606 0.8606 0.8606 0.8473 0.8048 0.8331

0.7901 0.7316 0.7275 0.7158 0.5647 0.3178 0.2207 0.1968 0.1570 0.0738

0.0341 0.0414 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000

0.4647 0.4647 0.4647 0.4647 0.4647 0.4647 0.4647 0.4384 0.3670 0.4125

0.3462 0.2771 0.2730 0.2616 0.1543 0.0615 0.0383 0.0333 0.0255 0.0111

0.0049 0.0060 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.6300 0.6300 0.6300 0.6300 0.6300 0.6300 0.6300 0.6078 0.5246 0.5767

0.5289 0.5788 0.5617 0.4537 0.4216 0.4734 0.4705 0.4525 0.4310 0.3569

0.3690 0.4413 0.3094 0.1679 0.1390

0.8563 0.8563 0.8563 0.8563 0.8563 0.8563 0.8563 0.8443 0.7943 0.8266

0.7972 0.8279 0.8177 0.7440 0.7184 0.7588 0.7567 0.7431 0.7261 0.6602

0.6717 0.7344 0.6107 0.4140 0.3610

0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9989 0.9987 0.9989

0.9977 0.9984 0.9982 0.9979 0.9969 0.9978 0.9980 0.9979 0.9976 0.9969

0.9978 0.9982 0.9974 0.9965 0.9964

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

0.9585 0.9585 0.9585 0.9585 0.9585 0.9585 0.9585 0.8857 0.8525 0.8795

0.9900 0.9105 0.8760 0.7710 0.7502 0.7345 0.6733 0.5155 0.3845 0.3238

0.3260 0.2639 0.0594 0.0460 0.0291

\> ANTI-TAMP PROG : E:\\TrendsM6_New\\Vistas02\\ExtFiles\\VA_ATP2002.ATP

ANTI-TAMP PROG :

89 68 50 22222 21111111 1 12 098. 22112222

\> Exhaust I/M - IDLE test program #1

I/M PROGRAM : 1 1983 2050 2 TRC 2500/IDLE

I/M MODEL YEARS : 1 1968 1980

I/M VEHICLES : 1 22222 21111111 1

I/M STRINGENCY : 1 35.0

I/M COMPLIANCE : 1 98.0

I/M WAIVER RATES : 1 2.0 2.0

\> Exhaust I/M - ASM final program #2

I/M PROGRAM : 2 1983 2050 2 TRC ASM 2525/5015 PHASE-IN

I/M MODEL YEARS : 2 1981 2050

I/M VEHICLES : 2 22222 11111111 1

I/M STRINGENCY : 2 35.0

I/M COMPLIANCE : 2 98.0

I/M WAIVER RATES : 2 2.0 2.0

I/M EFFECTIVENESS : 0.94 0.94 0.94

\> Exhaust I/M - IDLE test program #1

I/M PROGRAM : 3 1983 2050 2 TRC 2500/IDLE

I/M MODEL YEARS : 3 1981 2050

I/M VEHICLES : 3 11111 21111111 1

I/M STRINGENCY : 3 35.0

I/M COMPLIANCE : 3 98.0

I/M WAIVER RATES : 3 2.0 2.0

\> Evap I/M - Gas Cap test program #3

I/M PROGRAM : 4 1998 2050 2 TRC GC

I/M MODEL YEARS : 4 1973 2050

I/M VEHICLES : 4 22222 21111111 1

I/M COMPLIANCE : 4 98.0

I/M WAIVER RATES : 4 2.0 2.0

94+ LDG IMP : Vistas02\\ExtFiles\\NLEVNE.D

\> WeekDay Trip Length Distribution

WE DA TRI LEN DI : Vistas02\\ExtFiles\\WeekTLD2.wdt

The third and final section of the MOBILE6.2 input files contains the
scenario data. For this VISTAS inventory, each speed and road type
combination or speed distribution were modeled in twelve consecutive
scenarios representing the temperature and fuel properties applicable in
each month. Thus, if a State agency supplied an average speed/road type
combination for each of the 12 HPMS road categories, the corresponding
MOBILE6.2 input file would have 144 scenarios. The first scenario would
represent January temperature and fuel conditions at the speed and
MOBILE6 roadway type for the first speed/roadway type provided
(typically rural interstates). This would be followed by the February
scenario modeled for the same speed and roadway type, and so on through
the twelfth scenario representing December conditions for the same speed
and roadway type combination.

Figure II-5 illustrates a sample scenario from one of the VISTAS
MOBILE6.2 input files. This is the first scenario in the
file---therefore, it represents January temperature and fuel conditions.
The month of a given scenario in the VISTAS MOBILE6.2 input files can be
determined by the last two digits of the SCENARIO RECORD command line.
In this case, the last two digits are "01" indicating January. It should
be noted that the only options for the EVALUATION MONTH command are "1"
indicating January or "7" indicating July. For the VISTAS input files,
the EVALUATION MONTH was set to "1" for all months from January through
June and to 7 for months from July through December. When this flag is
set to "1", it indicates that MOBILE6 will use a January registration
distribution. When the flag is set to "7", MOBILE6 ages the registration
by a half year, applying a half year of fleet turnover to the
distribution. The EVALUATION MONTH setting can also affect the
reductions from reformulated gas programs. However, by including the
SEASON command, as shown in Figure II-5, the EVALUATION MONTH flag
setting will not affect reformulated gasoline reductions. With the
SEASON flag set to "2", winter reformulated gasoline rules will be
applied in areas with a reformulated gas program modeled (using the FUEL
PROGRAM command). Summer reformulated gas rules and reductions will be
applied when the SEASON flag is set to "1" if reformulated gas has been
modeled. In all of the VISTAS input files, the SEASON flag was included
for all areas, whether or not a reformulated gasoline program was
modeled. This flag has no effect when the FUEL PROGRAM command is not
used. The SEASON flag was set to "1" for the months of May through
September and to "2" for the remaining months.

SCENARIO RECORD : 010010215.0_M01

\>FV FILE: SCENARIO: 1

CALENDAR YEAR : 2002

EVALUATION MONTH : 1

MIN/MAX TEMPERATURE: 38.0 60.0

ALTITUDE : 1

PARTICULATE EF : PMGZML.CSV PMGDR1.CSV PMGDR2.CSV PMDZML.CSV PMDDR1.CSV
PMDDR2.CSV

SEASON : 2

AVERAGE SPEED : 15.0 Arterial

FUEL RVP : 12.5

PARTICLE SIZE : 10.0

DIESEL SULFUR : 500.0

Local speed data were provided by the agencies in Georgia, Kentucky,
North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. A set of 12 monthly scenarios
was developed for each speed input for these States, with one exception.
The Northern Kentucky (Boone County, Campbell County, and Kenton County)
and Jefferson County, Kentucky inputs were speed distribution files,
rather than average speeds by individual roadway types (one for Northern
Kentucky and one for Jefferson County, Kentucky). In this case, only 12
scenarios were modeled in total in the Jefferson County and Northern
Kentucky input files, with the Jefferson County or Northern Kentucky
speed distribution referenced in each scenario, respectively. No speed
information was provided for Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, South
Carolina, or West Virginia. The average speeds modeled in these files
were the default speeds used in the NEI. These speeds are shown in Table
II-5 and vary by both roadway type and vehicle category. It should be
noted that several agencies provided speed information for ramps. Since
the VMT data file is organized by SCC and no SCC currently exists for
ramp VMT, the ramp speed information could not be used directly. In some
cases, the fraction of VMT occurring on ramps was provided. In these
cases, this information was combined with the freeway speeds, following
the guidance in the MOBILE6 user's guide to determine the overall
freeway speed including the ramp speed, at 34.6 mph (the assumed value
for ramp speeds in MOBILE6), and the fraction of VMT occurring on the
ramps.

######### Number range CHAPTERTable II-5. Default Speeds Modeled by Road Type and Vehicle Type 

**(mph)**

  ---------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
  **HPMS Road Type**                 **Speed                   
                                     (mph) and                 
                                     MOBILE6 Road              
                                     Type**                    

                                     **Light Duty **Light Duty **Heavy Duty
                                     Vehicles**   Trucks**     Trucks**

  Rural Interstate                   60 Freeway   55 Freeway   40 Freeway

  Rural Principal Arterial           45 Arterial  45 Arterial  35 Arterial

  Rural Minor Arterial               40 Arterial  40 Arterial  30 Arterial

  Rural Major Collector              35 Arterial  35 Arterial  25 Arterial

  Rural Minor Collector              30 Arterial  30 Arterial  25 Arterial

  Rural Local                        30 Arterial  30 Arterial  25 Arterial

  Urban Interstate                   45 Freeway   45 Freeway   35 Freeway

  Urban Other Freeway and Expressway 45 Freeway   45 Freeway   35 Freeway

  Urban Principal Arterial           20 Arterial  20 Arterial  15 Arterial

  Urban Minor Arterial               20 Arterial  20 Arterial  15 Arterial

  Urban Collector                    20 Arterial  20 Arterial  15 Arterial

  Urban Local                        Local        Local        Local
  ---------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------

Another optional input included in the scenario section of the MOBILE6
input files is the VMT mix by 16 MOBILE6 vehicle categories. These
vehicle categories are based on the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle categories, but
with gasoline and diesel vehicles of the same weight class combined
together. When no information was provided on VMT mix, the MOBILE6
defaults were used. Local VMT mix information provided by Tennessee,
Virginia, and Jefferson County, Kentucky were included in the MOBILE6.2
input files. In some cases, the same VMT mix was applied to all
scenarios. In other cases, the VMT mixes were specific to roadway type,
so the VMT mix would vary according to the roadway type being
represented in the scenario.

## C. 2002 Onroad Emission Inventory Calculations

Once the MOBILE6.2 input files were set up and run through the MOBILE6.2
model, onroad emissions were calculated by multiplying the monthly VMT
for a given county, roadway type, and vehicle type by the emission
factor modeled for the same month, county, vehicle type and roadway
type. Because the MOBILE6.2 input files were set up to create output
files in the form of database tables, the output is provided by each of
the 28 MOBILE6 vehicle types. Thus, the emission factors first were
aggregated to the eight vehicle categories included in the VMT files.
This was done using the VMT Fraction data provided in each of the
MOBILE6 output files. For each of the MOBILE6 vehicle types included in
one of the eight vehicle types needed, the VMT fractions were
renormalized within that category. These eight vehicle categories are
sometimes referred to as the MOBILE5 vehicle categories. For example,
the LDGT1 and LDGT2 MOBILE6 vehicle categories are both included in the
MOBILE5 LDGT1 category. In this case, the MOBILE6 LDGT1 VMT fraction was
divided by the sum of the MOBILE6 LDGT1 and LDGT2 VMT fractions. The
same was done with the MOBILE6 LDGT2 VMT fraction, so that the
renormalized MOBILE6 LDGT1 and LDGT2 VMT fractions should now sum to 1.
Next, these normalized VMT fractions were multiplied by the
corresponding MOBILE6 emission factor and all of these weighted emission
factors for a given scenario, within a MOBILE5 vehicle category were
summed to obtain the weighted emission factors at the MOBILE5 vehicle
category level. The VMT fractions included in the MOBILE6 output files
are affected by the registration distribution, diesel sales fractions,
and VMT mixes supplied in the MOBILE6.2 input files. Areas that used the
MOBILE6 defaults for each of these inputs should all have the same VMT
fractions, although even in these cases, there are two sets of VMT
fractions---one for the months from January through June and another for
the months July through December. This occurs due to the aging of the
registration distribution caused by the use of the EVALUATION MONTH
flag, as discussed above. These emission factors, now at the MOBILE5
vehicle category level, were multiplied by the corresponding VMT values
to obtain monthly emissions by county, roadway type, and vehicle
category.

## D. Data Provided by State and Local Agencies

The sections above describe some of the data that was supplied by the
VISTAS State and local agencies for use in the development of the 2002
onroad emission inventory. Tables II-6 through II-15 summarize the data
supplied by each agency in a consistent fashion. These tables primarily
list the data that were actually used in this analysis. This section
provides additional information on the data supplied by these agencies
as well discussing why some of the data supplied could not be used.

+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ########                     |                                       |
| # Table II-6. Summary of Onr |                                       |
| oad Data Provided by Alabama |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
|                              |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**             | **Data Supplied by Responsible        |
|                              | Agency**                              |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| VMT Data                     | 2002 actual daily VMT by county/road  |
|                              | type                                  |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files          |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files          |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information          |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Counties by Temperature      |                                       |
| Region                       |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Monthly Temperatures         | Monthly 2002 temperatures by county   |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| RVP Data                     | March-September RVP values            |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Speed Data                   |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Registration Data            |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information             |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| I/M Program Information      | N/A                                   |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Other                        |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ######### Tabl            |                                          |
| e II-7. Summary of Onroad |                                          |
|  Data Provided by Florida |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**          | **Data Supplied by Responsible Agency**  |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| VMT Data                  | 2002 actual daily VMT by county/road     |
|                           | type                                     |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Counties by Temperature   | Supplied counties in each of 3           |
| Region                    | temperature regions                      |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Monthly Temperatures      |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| RVP Data                  | Summer RVP values provided               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Speed Data                |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Registration Data         |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information          |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| I/M Program Information   | N/A                                      |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Other                     |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ######### Tabl            |                                          |
| e II-8. Summary of Onroad |                                          |
|  Data Provided by Georgia |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**          | **Data Supplied by Responsible Agency**  |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| VMT Data                  | 2002 actual average annual daily VMT by  |
|                           | county and functional classification     |
|                           | prepared by Georgia DOT                  |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files       | Provided MOBILE6 sample input files      |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information       |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Counties by Temperature   |                                          |
| Region                    |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Monthly Temperatures      |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| RVP Data                  | Provided summer RVP values               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Speed Data                | Provided 2002 statewide speeds by road   |
|                           | type (speeds based on VMT-weighted       |
|                           | average speeds, from a 2002 loaded       |
|                           | highway network for the 13-county        |
|                           | Atlanta area)                            |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Registration Data         | Provided one MOBILE6 registration        |
|                           | distribution for 13-county Atlanta area  |
|                           | and one MOBILE6 registration             |
|                           | distribution for rest-of-state           |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information          | Provided information on Georgia gasoline |
|                           | program, applied to 25 counties          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| I/M Program Information   | Provided I/M inputs for 13-county        |
|                           | Atlanta area in MOBILE6 format           |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Other                     | Provided VMT temporal adjustment factors |
|                           | by month and day of week for each road   |
|                           | type (not used in the 01/04 inventory)   |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| ########            |                                                |
| # Table II-9. Summa |                                                |
| ry of Onroad Data P |                                                |
| rovided by Kentucky |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
|                     |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**    | **Data Supplied by Responsible Agency**        |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Data            | 2002 actual daily VMT by county/road type      |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files | Provided sample MOBILE6 input files for        |
|                     | several counties                               |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Counties by         | Provided temperature stations to be used for   |
| Temperature Region  | several counties                               |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Monthly             |                                                |
| Temperatures        |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| RVP Data            | Provided summer RVP for several counties       |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Speed Data          | Provided average speed by road type for        |
|                     | several county groupings                       |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Registration Data   |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information    | Verified counties in reformulated gasoline     |
|                     | program                                        |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| I/M Program         | I/M program information provided               |
| Information         |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Other               |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| **Jefferson County, |                                                |
| Kentucky**          |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**    | **Data Supplied by Responsible Agency**        |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Data            | 2002 summer day VMT from TDM by county/road    |
|                     | type/vehicle type                              |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files | Provided MOBILE6 input files representing the  |
|                     | four different vehicle control combinations    |
|                     | found in Jefferson County                      |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information | Provided Jefferson County VMT mix in MOBILE6   |
|                     | format                                         |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Counties by         |                                                |
| Temperature Region  |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Monthly             | Provided 2002 actual monthly temperature data  |
| Temperatures        | for Louisville area                            |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| RVP Data            | Provided summer and winter RVP values          |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Speed Data          | Provided speed distribution file for Jefferson |
|                     | County                                         |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Registration Data   | Provided registration distribution for         |
|                     | Jefferson County in MOBILE6 format             |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information    | Reformulated gasoline modeled                  |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| I/M Program         | I/M program information provided               |
| Information         |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Other               | Provided absolute humidity data                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| **Boone County,     |                                                |
| Campbell County,    |                                                |
| and Kenton County,  |                                                |
| Kentucky**          |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**    | **Data Supplied by Responsible Agency**        |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Data            | 2002 actual daily VMT by county/road type      |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files | Provided MOBILE5 input file for Northern       |
|                     | Kentucky counties                              |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Counties by         |                                                |
| Temperature Region  |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Monthly             |                                                |
| Temperatures        |                                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| RVP Data            | Provided summer and winter RVP values          |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Speed Data          | Provided speed distribution file for Northern  |
|                     | Kentucky                                       |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Registration Data   | Provided registration distribution for         |
|                     | Northern Kentucky in MOBILE6 format---LDGVs    |
|                     | and LDGT1s only                                |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information    | Reformulated gasoline modeled                  |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| I/M Program         | I/M program information extracted from MOBILE5 |
| Information         | input file                                     |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Other               | Provided Northern Kentucky VMT distributions   |
|                     | by facility type and by hour in MOBILE6 format |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+

+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| ######### Table    |                                                 |
|  II-10. Summary of |                                                 |
|  Onroad Data Provi |                                                 |
| ded by Mississippi |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
|                    |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**   | **Data Supplied by Responsible Agency**         |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Data           | Provided 2002 actual annual VMT by county/road  |
|                    | type/vehicle type                               |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input      |                                                 |
| Files              |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input      |                                                 |
| Files              |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix            |                                                 |
| Information        |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Counties by        |                                                 |
| Temperature Region |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Monthly            |                                                 |
| Temperatures       |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| RVP Data           | Provided statewide RVP by season                |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Speed Data         |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Registration Data  |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information   |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| I/M Program        | N/A                                             |
| Information        |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Other              |                                                 |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| #########                       |                                    |
| Table II-11. Summary of Onroad  |                                    |
| Data Provided by North Carolina |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
|                                 |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**                | **Data Supplied by Responsible     |
|                                 | Agency**                           |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| VMT Data                        | 2002 actual daily VMT by           |
|                                 | county/road type                   |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files             |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files             |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information             |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Counties by Temperature Region  | Indicated counties within each of  |
|                                 | several temperature regions in     |
|                                 | state                              |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Monthly Temperatures            |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| RVP Data                        |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Speed Data                      | Provided average speed data by     |
|                                 | road type for several groups of    |
|                                 | counties and rest-of-state         |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Registration Data               | Provided registration data for     |
|                                 | several groups of counties and     |
|                                 | rest-of-state based on 2001 data   |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information                |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| I/M Program Information         | Provided written description of    |
|                                 | I/M program                        |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Other                           |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+

+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ######### Table              |                                       |
| II-12. Summary of Onroad Dat |                                       |
| a Provided by South Carolina |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
|                              |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**             | **Data Supplied by Responsible        |
|                              | Agency**                              |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| VMT Data                     | 2002 actual annual VMT by county/road |
|                              | type                                  |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files          |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files          |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information          |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Counties by Temperature      | Supplied counties in each of 7        |
| Region                       | temperature regions                   |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Monthly Temperatures         |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| RVP Data                     |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Speed Data                   |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Registration Data            |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information             |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| I/M Program Information      | N/A                                   |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Other                        |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+

+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| ######### T                  |                                       |
| able II-13. Summary of Onroa |                                       |
| d Data Provided by Tennessee |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
|                              |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| **Data Element**             | **Data Supplied by Responsible        |
|                              | Agency**                              |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| VMT Data                     | 2002 actual daily VMT by county/road  |
|                              | type                                  |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files          | Provided MOBILE6 input files for      |
|                              | groups of counties covering state     |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files          |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information          | Provided VMT mix fractions by road    |
|                              | type                                  |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Counties by Temperature      |                                       |
| Region                       |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Monthly Temperatures         |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| RVP Data                     | Provided summer RVP information       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Speed Data                   | Provided average speed data by road   |
|                              | type for groups of counties           |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Registration Data            | Provided registration data for most   |
|                              | counties                              |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information             |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| I/M Program Information      | Provided in MOBILE6 input files       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Other                        |                                       |
+------------------------------+---------------------------------------+

+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| ##               |                                                   |
| ####### Table II |                                                   |
| -14. Summary of  |                                                   |
| Onroad Data Prov |                                                   |
| ided by Virginia |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|                  |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| **Data Element** | **Data Supplied by Responsible Agency**           |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Data         | 1999 actual annual VMT by county/road             |
|                  | type/vehicle type                                 |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input    | Provided MOBILE6 input files for representative   |
| Files            | counties                                          |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input    |                                                   |
| Files            |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| VMT Mix          |                                                   |
| Information      |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Counties by      | Provided listing of counties within each of       |
| Temperature      | several temperature regions                       |
| Region           |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Monthly          |                                                   |
| Temperatures     |                                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| RVP Data         | Provided summer RVP data                          |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Speed Data       | Speed data provided for each VMT record           |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Registration     | 2002 county-level registration data provided for  |
| Data             | nonattainment counties                            |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Fuel Information | Verified counties in reformulated gasoline        |
|                  | program                                           |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| I/M Program      | I/M and ATP inputs provided in MOBILE6 formats;   |
| Information      | verified counties that implement I/M              |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Other            | LEV progam modeled statewide; provided diesel     |
|                  | sales fractions                                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| #                                   |                                |
| ######## Table II-15. Summary of On |                                |
| road Data Provided by West Virginia |                                |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
|                                     |                                |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| **Data Element**                    | **Data Supplied by Responsible |
|                                     | Agency**                       |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| VMT Data                            | 2002 actual annual VMT by      |
|                                     | county/road type/vehicle type  |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| MOBILE6 Input Files                 | Supplied several sample        |
|                                     | MOBILE6 input files            |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| MOBILE5 Input Files                 |                                |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| VMT Mix Information                 | VMT data included vehicle type |
|                                     | splits                         |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Counties by Temperature Region      | Supplied counties in each of 4 |
|                                     | temperature regions            |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Monthly Temperatures                |                                |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| RVP Data                            | Supplied summer RVP value      |
|                                     | statewide                      |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Speed Data                          | Supplied speed data in MOBILE6 |
|                                     | input files\--speed data       |
|                                     | determined to be inappropriate |
|                                     | for this analysis              |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Registration Data                   |                                |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Fuel Information                    |                                |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| I/M Program Information             | N/A                            |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Other                               |                                |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------+

###  1. Temperature

The default average daily maximum and minimum temperature data for each
month used in this analysis was obtained from the National Climatic Data
Center. This temperature data was actual 2002 data. It should be noted
that a number of agencies provided information on ozone season or summer
temperatures. This information could not be used in this analysis, as
the ozone season temperature data are based on several years of
temperature data and do not represent the average daily minimum and
maximum monthly temperatures that were needed for this analysis.
Information was provided by Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia related to monthly temperature. In
some cases, this data divided the counties within the State into several
temperature regions and listing a city that should be used for obtaining
the temperature data. In these cases, a temperature station from the
National Climatic Data Center database was selected from the desired
city, and this corresponding temperature set was applied to the counties
listed by the States. Several of the States provided their own full set
of 2002 temperature data either Statewide or by county. These data were
included in the analysis, replacing the default temperature data for
those States.

### 2. I/M and ATP Programs

Several agencies provided I/M and ATP inputs in the form of MOBILE5
input files. Pechan converted these inputs to MOBILE6 inputs, following
the guidance in the MOBILE6 user's guide. Agencies that provided the
data in MOBILE5 format should review the MOBILE6 I/M and ATP inputs
carefully to make sure that the conversions fully capture the actual
programs as they were implemented in 2002. In addition, from information
provided by North Carolina, Tennessee, and Jefferson County, Kentucky,
the I/M and ATP programs should only be applied to a portion of the VMT
in the corresponding counties. For the North Carolina and Tennessee I/M
counties, duplicate MOBILE6.2 input files were created that eliminate
the I/M and ATP programs. The VMT from these counties was divided
according to the fraction of the VMT subject to I/M and the fraction of
the VMT not subject to I/M. These fractions were provided by the
corresponding agencies in North Carolina and Tennessee. The VMT data for
each I/M county was then divided according to these VMT fractions to
obtain one set of VMT for the portion of vehicles subject to I/M and
another set for those not subject to I/M. The emission factors from the
I/M files were multiplied by the portion of the VMT subject to I/M while
the emission factors from the files without the I/M were multiplied by
the remaining portion of the VMT. In Jefferson County, Kentucky, a
similar procedure was followed. However, in this case, the county also
has a significant portion of VMT from vehicles registered in Indiana
that are not subject to I/M or that do not have reformulated gasoline.
Thus, the Jefferson County VMT was divided into four subsets and four
MOBILE6 input files were developed representing the four groups of
vehicle types traveling in the county.

### 3. RVP and Fuel Programs

Default RVP by county and month were obtained from the data used in the
2002 NEI. The NEI fuel data are based on year 2000 fuel survey data for
January and July, with data for intermediate months calculated by
interpolation. RVP data for July were applied from May through
September, the months when Phase II RVP regulations are in effect. For
States that supplied July, summer, or ozone season RVP values, these
values were also applied from May through September. If winter RVP
values were supplied, these values were applied directly in each of the
remaining months. As mentioned above, reformulated gasoline programs
were modeled where appropriate. Georgia provided additional fuel inputs
to capture the RVP and sulfur content values of its low sulfur gasoline
program.

# III. Nonroad Methods and Data

## A. NONROAD Model Categories

Pechan used EPA's draft NONROAD2002a model to generate 2002 annual
emissions for the majority of nonroad engines. To improve the accuracy
of these model runs, we asked State/ Local/Tribal (S/L/T) contacts to
provide seasonal or monthly gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) and
temperature; appropriate data on reformulated gasoline (RFG), oxygenated
fuel and Stage II programs, and diesel fuel sulfur levels. In addition,
to improve the activity data inputs, we asked whether S/L/T agencies had
collected information on equipment populations or activity (e.g., hours
of use or load factors) to use in place of default populations in the
NONROAD model. No S/L/T agencies provided activity data to replace the
model defaults.

Seasonal average RVP and average, maximum and minimum temperature values
were calculated based on the county-level, monthly RVP and temperature
data set prepared for onroad mobile sources. Information on RFG programs
and oxygenated fuels programs obtained for the onroad mobile sector was
also used. In July 2003, Pechan distributed the input values (RVP,
percent O2, temperature, and Stage II control efficiency) to be used for
the draft NONROAD model 2002 inventory for review and comment by the
VISTAS S/L/T agencies. Pechan obtained comments from the S/L/T agencies
listed in Table III-1.

######### Table III-1. Summary of Comments by S/L/T Agencies on NONROAD Model Input Values Distributed in July 2003

  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
  **State**     **Comment**

  Alabama       Provided region specific data to replace the statewide
                default values for RVP and ambient temperature

  Georgia       Changed oxygen weight percent to zero for all counties

  Kentucky      No Stage II programs in Bullitt and Oldham Counties

  Tennessee     Revised RVP value for Davidson County

  Mississippi   Revised statewide RVP by season

  Virginia      No Stage II program in Charles City County
  ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------

Additional comments on the August 2003 NONROAD model temperature and RVP
inputs were incorporated for consistency with data submitted for the
onroad mobile modeling (e.g., North Carolina). In addition, the State of
West Virginia provided revised geographic allocation files for certain
nonroad categories to improve upon the NONROAD model's default county
allocation.

Using the inputs shown in the file "VISTAS NONROAD County Inputs.xls,"
Pechan prepared seasonal option files for each of four seasons (winter,
spring, summer, and autumn), and ran the NONROAD model at the county
level. Model default values were used for all other inputs, with the
exception of diesel fuel sulfur. A value of 2,500 parts per million
volume (ppmv) was used instead of the default 2,318 ppm, since the
default represented a national average including California's lower
diesel fuel sulfur level. Pechan summed the seasonal results, and then
processed the model output to develop a county-level, SCC-level annual
emissions inventory for all pollutants except NH~3~.

The NH~3~ emissions for NONROAD model categories were developed using
the following procedures. OTAQ recently reviewed the basis of NH~3~ data
summarized in a report entitled, "A Study of the Potential Impact of
Some Unregulated Motor Vehicle Emissions" (Harvey, 1983). In conducting
this review, OTAQ performed an analysis of the available light-duty
noncatalyst engine data to develop defensible gasoline nonroad emission
factors on a mg/gallon basis (Harvey, 2003). For both gasoline
noncatalyst and diesel engines, fuel based emission factors were
developed from emission factors expressed on a gram/mile basis by
accounting for the reported fuel economy of each tested engine. For
gasoline non-catalyst engines, this resulted in a value of 115.8
mg/gallon, which is applied to county-level fuel consumption estimates
for 2‑stroke gasoline, 4-stroke gasoline and liquified petroleum gas
(LPG) equipment. From the diesel engine test data, a value of 83.3
mg/gallon was derived, which is applied to diesel fuel consumption
estimates. County-level fuel consumption for these engines, expressed in
gallons, is an output from EPA's NONROAD model.

## B. Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessels and Locomotives

For 2002 aircraft, commercial marine vessels (CMVs), and locomotives,
Pechan used 1999 emission estimates developed for EPA's 1999 NEI Version
2 as base year estimates for the VISTAS region. These categories are not
included in the NONROAD model, and are hereafter referred to as "other
nonroad." Pechan then

incorporated revised S/L/T estimates summarized in Table III‑2, using
the replacement procedures summarized in Tables III-3a through III-3d.
Pechan tracked changes by labeling the default 1999 NEI records as
Version 2 (V2) and the revised S/L/T records as Version 3 (V3). In cases
where PM2.5 estimates were not provided, they were developed using the
following category-specific fractions applied to the available PM~10~
emission estimates: 1) Aircraft: 0.69; 2) Locomotive: 0.90; and 3) CMV:
0.92 (EPA, 2002). Commercial marine adjustments are described in detail
in the following section.

######### Table III-2. Summary of S/L/T Agency Data Incorporated into the Draft VISTAS 2002 Other Nonroad Inventory

  ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------
  **State**   **Description of Inventory**               **Pollutants**

  Alabama     1999 Locomotive emissions for Pickens and  VOC, NO~x~, and CO
              Tuscaloosa counties                        

  Florida     2001 Aircraft, Locomotive and Commercial   VOC, NO~x~, CO,
              Marine Vessel emissions for Palm Beach     PM10, and SO~x~
              County                                     

  Tennessee   1999 Aircraft and Locomotive emissions for VOC, NO~x~, CO,
              Davidson County                            SO~x~, and primary
                                                         PM~10~

  Virginia    1999 Statewide Inventory for Aircraft,     VOC, NO~x~, CO
              Locomotive and Commercial Marine Vessels   
  ----------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------

## 

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 22%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><p
id="table-iii-3a.-replacement-procedures-for-1999-locomotive-emissions-for-pickens-and-tuscaloosa-county-alabama"
class="heading">Table III-3a. Replacement Procedures for 1999 Locomotive
Emissions for Pickens and Tuscaloosa County, Alabama</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><strong>STATE_</strong></p>
<p><strong>FIPS</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>COUNTY_</strong></p>
<p><strong>FIPS</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>SCC</strong></td>
<td><strong>Version</strong></td>
<td><strong>Notes</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>START_</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>END_</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>VOC</strong></td>
<td><strong>NOX</strong></td>
<td><strong>CO</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>01</td>
<td>107</td>
<td>2285002005</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>7.73</td>
<td>179.7</td>
<td>22.81</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>01</td>
<td>107</td>
<td>2285002005</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>1962.9</td>
<td>45643</td>
<td>5794.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>01</td>
<td>107</td>
<td>2285002010</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5.39</td>
<td>53.48</td>
<td>9.47</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>01</td>
<td>107</td>
<td>2285002010</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>5.39</td>
<td>53.48</td>
<td>9.48</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>01</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>2285002005</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>16.31</td>
<td>379.15</td>
<td>48.13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>01</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>2285002005</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>3384.9</td>
<td>78711.4</td>
<td>9992.6</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>01</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>2285002010</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9.29</td>
<td>92.15</td>
<td>16.33</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>01</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>2285002010</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>9.29</td>
<td>92.15</td>
<td>16.33</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 22%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="13"><p
id="table-iii-3b.-replacement-procedures-for-1999-aircraft-locomotive-and-commercial-marine-vessel-emissions-for-palm-beach-county-florida"
class="heading">Table III-3b. Replacement Procedures for 1999 Aircraft,
Locomotive, and Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions for Palm Beach
County, Florida</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><strong>STATE_</strong></p>
<p><strong>FIPS</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>COUNTY_</strong></p>
<p><strong>FIPS</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>SCC</strong></td>
<td><strong>Version</strong></td>
<td><strong>Notes</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>START_</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>END_</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>VOC</strong></td>
<td><strong>NOX</strong></td>
<td><strong>CO</strong></td>
<td><strong>SO2</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>PM10-</strong></p>
<p><strong>PRI</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>PM25-</strong></p>
<p><strong>PRI</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2275000000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td>Apply a Growth Factor to 2001<br />
state-supplied aircraft emissions to backcast to 1999<br />
Estimate PM2.5-PRI off PM10-PRI</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>470.39</td>
<td>805.94</td>
<td>4,121.41</td>
<td>1.98</td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2275001000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.44</td>
<td>0.05</td>
<td>9.03</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>0.13</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2275020000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>79.1</td>
<td>275.5</td>
<td>330.6</td>
<td>26.34</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2275050000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>13.93</td>
<td>2.37</td>
<td>437.43</td>
<td>0.36</td>
<td>8.62</td>
<td>5.95</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2275060000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>9.23</td>
<td>1.19</td>
<td>212.32</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>4.55</td>
<td>3.14</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2280000000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td>Apply a Growth Factor to 2001<br />
state-supplied cmv emissions to backcast to 1999<br />
Estimate PM2.5-PRI off PM10-PRI</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>10.42</td>
<td>115.60</td>
<td>0.97</td>
<td>9.94</td>
<td>33.91</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2280002100</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>25.5</td>
<td>815.4</td>
<td>107.51</td>
<td>36.95</td>
<td>34.3</td>
<td>31.55</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2280002200</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.22</td>
<td>7.05</td>
<td>0.93</td>
<td>0.32</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>0.27</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2280003100</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>6.8</td>
<td>217.5</td>
<td>28.63</td>
<td>115.6</td>
<td>9.48</td>
<td>8.73</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2280003200</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>1.93</td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>1.43</td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td>0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2285002000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td>Apply a Growth Factor to 2001<br />
state-supplied locomotive emissions to backcast to 1999<br />
Estimate PM2.5-PRI off PM10-PRI</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>28.19</td>
<td>658.78</td>
<td>83.64</td>
<td>48.09</td>
<td>15.50</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2285002006</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>6.11</td>
<td>164.1</td>
<td>16.17</td>
<td>10.26</td>
<td>4.07</td>
<td>3.66</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2285002008</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.45</td>
<td>12.15</td>
<td>1.2</td>
<td>0.76</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>0.27</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2285002009</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>6.78</td>
<td>182.2</td>
<td>17.95</td>
<td>11.39</td>
<td>4.52</td>
<td>4.07</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>12</td>
<td>099</td>
<td>2285002010</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>3.75</td>
<td>64.36</td>
<td>6.77</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>1.64</td>
<td>1.47</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

^1^ Palm Beach County provided emission estimates corresponding to 2001;
as such, 2001 emission estimates were backcast to 1999 using growth
factors presented in this report before incorporation.

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 18%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="13"><p
id="table-iii-3c.-replacement-procedures-for-1999-aircraft-and-locomotive-emissions-for-davidson-county-tennessee"
class="heading">Table III-3c. Replacement Procedures for 1999 Aircraft
and Locomotive Emissions for Davidson County, Tennessee</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><strong>STATE_</strong></p>
<p><strong>FIPS</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>COUNTY_</strong></p>
<p><strong>FIPS</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>SCC</strong></td>
<td><strong>Version</strong></td>
<td><strong>Notes</strong></td>
<td><p><strong>START_</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE</strong></p></td>
<td><p><strong>END_</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE</strong></p></td>
<td><strong>VOC</strong></td>
<td><strong>NOX</strong></td>
<td><strong>CO</strong></td>
<td><strong>SO2</strong></td>
<td><strong>PM10-PRI</strong></td>
<td><strong>PM25-PRI</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>47</td>
<td>037</td>
<td>2275000000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td>Estimate PM2.5-PRI off PM10-PRI</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>232.125</td>
<td>634.35</td>
<td>1766</td>
<td>32.13</td>
<td>39.25</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>47</td>
<td>037</td>
<td>2275001000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>35</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.75</td>
<td>0.52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>47</td>
<td>037</td>
<td>2275020000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>187.45</td>
<td>649.92</td>
<td>782.93</td>
<td>62.34</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>47</td>
<td>037</td>
<td>2275050000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>4.72</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>148.3</td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td>2.92</td>
<td>2.02</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>47</td>
<td>037</td>
<td>2275060000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>15.22</td>
<td>1.97</td>
<td>349.97</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>7.51</td>
<td>5.18</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>47</td>
<td>037</td>
<td>2285002000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td>Estimate PM2.5-PRI off PM10-PRI</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>20.803</td>
<td>363.117</td>
<td>50.701</td>
<td>26.36</td>
<td>8.893</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>47</td>
<td>037</td>
<td>2285002006</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>31.91</td>
<td>857.26</td>
<td>84.46</td>
<td>53.6</td>
<td>21.27</td>
<td>19.15</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>47</td>
<td>037</td>
<td>2285002010</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Delete all records for this SCC</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>19.6</td>
<td>336.23</td>
<td>35.39</td>
<td>15.68</td>
<td>8.54</td>
<td>7.69</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

######### Table III-3d. Replacement Procedures for 1999 Aircraft, Locomotive, and Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions for Sample Counties in Virginia

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><p><strong>STATE_</strong></p>
<p><strong>FIPS</strong></p></th>
<th><p><strong>COUNTY_</strong></p>
<p><strong>FIPS</strong></p></th>
<th><strong>SCC</strong></th>
<th><strong>Version</strong></th>
<th><strong>Notes</strong></th>
<th><p><strong>START_</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE</strong></p></th>
<th><p><strong>END_</strong></p>
<p><strong>DATE</strong></p></th>
<th><strong>VOC</strong></th>
<th><strong>NOX</strong></th>
<th><strong>CO</strong></th>
<th><strong>SO2</strong></th>
<th><p><strong>PM10-</strong></p>
<p><strong>PRI</strong></p></th>
<th><p><strong>PM25-</strong></p>
<p><strong>PRI</strong></p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>001</td>
<td>2275001000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>3.47</td>
<td>0.78</td>
<td>3.74</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>001</td>
<td>2275001000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions<br />
Keep SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM2.5-PRI emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.31</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>6.38</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>0.09</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>013</td>
<td>2275020000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>145.821</td>
<td>992.23</td>
<td>1634.2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>013</td>
<td>2275020000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions<br />
Keep SO2 emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>271.17</td>
<td>940.36</td>
<td>1132.7</td>
<td>90.2</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>001</td>
<td>2275050000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>1.25</td>
<td>0.21</td>
<td>39.34</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>001</td>
<td>2275050000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions<br />
Keep SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM2.5-PRI emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>0.04</td>
<td>7.81</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>0.15</td>
<td>0.11</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>001</td>
<td>2275060000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.05</td>
<td>0.01</td>
<td>1.26</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>001</td>
<td>2275060000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions<br />
Keep SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM2.5-PRI emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>1.47</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>33.8</td>
<td>0.02</td>
<td>0.72</td>
<td>0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>2280002000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td>Add SCC to the Inventory</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>18.16</td>
<td>6.94</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>2280002100</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Sum up SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM2.5-PRI emissions for SCCs 2280002100
and 2280002200 and add to SCC 280002000. After that, delete all records
for SCC 2280002100 and 2280002200</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>10.12</td>
<td>323.52</td>
<td>42.66</td>
<td>14.7</td>
<td>13.61</td>
<td>12.52</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>2280002200</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Sum up SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM2.5-PRI emissions for SCCs 2280002100
and 2280002200 and add to SCC 2280002000. After that, delete all records
for SCC 2280002100 and 2280002200</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.17</td>
<td>5.39</td>
<td>0.71</td>
<td>0.24</td>
<td>0.23</td>
<td>0.21</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>2280003000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td>Add SCC to the Inventory</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>1.64</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>2280003100</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Sum up SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM2.5-PRI emissions for SCCs 2280003100
and 2280003200 and add to SCC<br />
2280003000. After that, delete all records for SCC 2280003100 and
2280003200</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>86.31</td>
<td>11.36</td>
<td>45.9</td>
<td>3.76</td>
<td>3.46</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>670</td>
<td>2280003200</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Sum up SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 Emissions for SCCs 2280003100 and
2280003200 and add to SCC 2280003000. After that, delete all records for
SCC 2280003100 and 2280003200</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.05</td>
<td>1.48</td>
<td>0.19</td>
<td>1.09</td>
<td>0.08</td>
<td>0.08</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>199</td>
<td>2283002000</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>8.46</td>
<td>53.47</td>
<td>15.51</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>199</td>
<td>2283002000</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>7.43</td>
<td>47.26</td>
<td>13.63</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>740</td>
<td>2285002005</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td>Add SCC to the Inventory</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>3.76</td>
<td>100.99</td>
<td>9.95</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>740</td>
<td>2285002006</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Sum up SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM2.5-PRI emissions for SCCs 2285002006
and 2285002007 and add to SCC 285002005. After that, delete all records
for SCC 2285002006 and 2285002007.<sup>1</sup></td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>18.77</td>
<td>1.85</td>
<td>1.17</td>
<td>0.47</td>
<td>0.42</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>740</td>
<td>2285002007</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Sum up SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM2.5-PRI emissions for SCCs 2285002006
and 2285002007 and add to SCC 285002005. After that, delete all records
for SCC 2285002006 and 2285002007.<sup>1</sup></td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.08</td>
<td>2.26</td>
<td>0.22</td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td>0.06</td>
<td>0.05</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>51</td>
<td>036</td>
<td>2285002010</td>
<td>V3</td>
<td></td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>0.59</td>
<td>10.13</td>
<td>1.06</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>51</td>
<td>036</td>
<td>2285002010</td>
<td>V2</td>
<td>Replace VOC, NOx, and CO emissions<br />
Keep SO2, PM10-PRI, and PM2.5-PRI emissions</td>
<td>19990101</td>
<td>19991231</td>
<td>1.99</td>
<td>34.15</td>
<td>3.59</td>
<td>1.59</td>
<td>0.87</td>
<td>0.78</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="13"><sup>1</sup> Other counties may also have emissions for
SCCs 2285002008 and 2285002009. In these cases, sum up SO2, PM10-PRI,
and PM2.5-PRI emissions for SCCs 2285002006, 2285002007, 2285002008, and
2285002009 and add to SCC 2285002005. After that, delete all records for
SCC 2285002006, 2285002007, 2285002008, and 2285002009.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

###  

### 2. CMV Improvements

This section describes procedures for improving the spatial distribution
of CMV emission estimates for the VISTAS region. States that share
borders with non-VISTAS States along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers
have expressed concern about the representativeness of port emission
estimates at a county-level. Revising the county-level emissions
estimates would allow more accurate modeling of emissions in the VISTAS
States.

Ideally, CMV emission estimates would be developed using local activity
data that account for vessel type, engine type and mode of operation
(cruise, maneuvering, and hotelling). Creating this type of "bottom-up"
emission inventory requires a large amount of effort. Therefore, Pechan
utilized port-specific emission estimates developed for the 1999 NEI,
distributed using a revised allocation methodology, which incorporates
information on the number of port facilities in each county.

#### a. Current Allocation Method

The current 2002 VISTAS commercial marine inventory is based on EPA's
1999 NEI Version 2.0, projected to 2002 using appropriate growth
factors. State-supplied data were incorporated by EPA or by Pechan for
some VISTAS States for this category, including Alabama, Virginia, West
Virginia, and Palm Beach County, Florida.

The 1999 NEI estimated emissions for these categories according to the
following SCCs:

  ------------ -------------- ------------------- -------------- --------------
  **SCC**      **Descriptor   **Descriptor 3**    **Descriptor   **Descriptor
               1**                                6**            8**

  2280002100   Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,     Diesel         Port emissions
                              Commercial                         

  2280002200   Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,     Diesel         Underway
                              Commercial                         emissions

  2280003100   Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,     Residual       Port emissions
                              Commercial                         

  2280003200   Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,     Residual       Underway
                              Commercial                         emissions
  ------------ -------------- ------------------- -------------- --------------

For the 1999 NEI, commercial marine diesel emissions were developed by
obtaining 2000 emission estimates for all pollutants except SO~2~ from
OTAQ's marine diesel regulatory background documentation (*Draft
Regulatory Impact Analysis - Control of Emissions from
Compression-Ignition Marine Engines*). To estimate emissions for 1999,
2000 estimates were backcast using growth factors obtained from the
draft RIA cited above. Steam-powered residual CMV emission estimates
were developed by obtaining fuel usage data from OTAQ and applying
fuel-based emission factors (EPA, 1989). A similar method was used for
diesel SO~2~ emissions. National diesel usage was estimated assuming a
sulfur content of 0.25 percent and EPA emission factors (EPA, 2002).

National diesel emissions were disaggregated into port and underway
emissions estimates based on the assumption that 75 percent of
distillate fuel is consumed within the port, while the remaining fuel is
consumed while underway, consistent with EPA guidance. National residual
emissions were disaggregated into port and underway emissions estimates
based on the assumption that 25 percent of residual fuel is consumed
within the port, while the remaining fuel is consumed while underway
(EPA, 1989).

To allocate to counties, port emissions were assigned to the 150 largest
U.S. ports based on activity obtained from the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (USACE). The percentage of total traffic for each port was
calculated by dividing the port-level traffic by the total traffic.
Emissions for each port were then assigned to a single county.

Underway emissions are assigned to counties based on a county=s shipping
lane traffic. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS=) *National
Transportation Atlas Databases-1999* contains data on the thousand tons
per mile traveled for each shipping lane link in the United States
(BTS-CD26). Where navigable rivers form a county or State boundary, the
shipping lane traffic is proportioned to individual counties based on
the length of shoreline that is shared. For example, if two counties
share a navigable river, and both counties have the same length of
shoreline, the shipping traffic is split evenly between the two
counties. Shipping lanes that are not within counties, for example in
the ocean, are associated to States based on BTS assignments. These
waterway weights are then evenly distributed among the counties within
these States that have navigable waterways. All shipping activity is
summed at the county-level and compared with national shipping activity
to determine what portion of activity can be attributed to individual
counties. These proportions were used in disaggregating the national CMV
emission estimates to the county level.

#### b. Revised Port Allocation Method

Figures III-1 and III-2 present emission maps for CMV port and underway
NO~x~ emissions created from the 1999 NEI Version 2.0 data. For underway
emissions, Pechan believes that the allocation procedure results in a
reasonable distribution of county-level emissions. However, the
methodology to allocate port emissions results in all the emissions
being assigned to a single county. For example, Cabell County in West
Virginia is assigned all emissions for Huntington Port, but no emissions
are allocated to Lawrence County in Ohio, the county on the opposite
river bank.

Port areas encompass multiple States and counties and in some cases,
multiple waterways. Therefore, the emissions allocation process must
incorporate all counties in the vicinity of the port where activity is
occurring. This is especially true for inland rivers where activity
takes place on both riverbanks and for 10 river miles or more outside
the port city. The revised methodology allocates port emissions based on
a surrogate for port-related activity in each county, rather than using
a single county to define the port.

![](media/image1.wmf){width="7.502083333333333in"
height="5.788888888888889in"}

![](media/image2.wmf){width="7.754861111111111in"
height="5.992361111111111in"}

The report, *Waterborne Commerce of the United States, Calendar Year
1999* (USACE, 2000), hereafter referred to as *Waterborne Commerce*,
presents the cargo tonnage and number of vessel trips in major waterways
of the United States. The report defines port areas, which USACE uses to
develop the Top 150 Ports in the United States by amount of cargo
tonnage. As discussed in the previous section, the 1999 NEI allocates
all the port emissions to these 150 ports based on the cargo tonnage
handled by the port.

Pechan uses this allocation of emissions to each port area as the
starting point of its revised allocation process. Table III-4 presents
the ports that are located in VISTAS and adjoining States, which are
part of the Top 150 Ports.

######### Table III-4. Port Areas Located in VISTAS and Adjoining States 

  ------------------------ ------------ --------------------- ------------
  **Port**                 State        **Port**              State

  Mobile                   AL           Pascagoula            MS

  Guntersville             AL           Vicksburg             MS

  Helena                   AR           Biloxi                MS

  Port Everglades          FL           Greenville            MS

  Jacksonville             FL           Gulfport              MS

  Miami                    FL           Wilmington            NC

  Port Canaveral           FL           Morehead City         NC

  Palm Beach               FL           Cincinnati            OH

  Panama City              FL           Pittsburgh            PA

  Pensacola                FL           Charleston            SC

  Tampa                    FL           Georgetown            SC

  Port Manatee             FL           Memphis               TN

  Weedon Island            FL           Nashville             TN

  Savannah                 GA           Chattanooga           TN

  Brunswick                GA           Norfolk Harbor        VA

  Mount Vernon             IN           Newport News          VA

  Louisville               KY           Hopewell              VA

  New Orleans              LA           Huntington            WV

  Baton Rouge              LA                                 
  ------------------------ ------------ --------------------- ------------

The next step was to develop a list of counties that make up the port
area. Port area definitions were obtained from *Waterborne Commerce*.
Table III-6 presents the port definitions for the VISTAS States and
adjoining States. Using the port definitions by river mile, Pechan
established which counties are included in each port area. In many
cases, these port areas encompass multiple counties. For example,
Pittsburgh is defined in *Waterborne Commerce* as:

Ohio River from Pittsburgh, PA to mile 40 (Pennsylvania/Ohio State
Line);

Allegheny River from Pittsburgh, PA to mile 72 (to head of project);

Monongahela River from Pittsburgh, PA to mile 91 (to head of project).

Therefore, the Port of Pittsburgh includes the following counties in
Pennsylvania; Allegheny, Westmoreland, Armstrong, Washington, Fayette,
Greene, Beaver. This process was repeated for all the port areas listed
in Table III-4.

The next step in allocating emissions is to develop a surrogate for the
amount of CMV activity in each county of the port area. Pechan assumed
that the activity of vessels in each county is related to the number of
port facilities operating in a given county. Port facilities include
terminals, piers, wharves, and docks that are involved in all types of
commercial activity and support services. Pechan obtained the number of
port facilities in each county from *The Port Series Reports* (USACE,
2003). The USACE periodically surveys the commercial marine industry to
obtain information on port facilities and publishes it in *The Port
Series Reports*. The reports give the name, location, operations, and
describe the physical and inter-modal characteristics of the facilities.
The data includes the location of the facility by river mile, State, and
county.

For each port area, Pechan calculated the ratio between the number of
port facilities in each county to the total number of facilities in all
counties that make up the port area. This ratio was used to allocate
emissions for each port area to the county-level. Table III-5 presents
the allocation ratios for each county in the port areas. Some port areas
were still encompassed by one county using the definition of the port
from *Waterborne Commerce*. However, a number of port areas include
multiple counties. Note that New Orleans and Pittsburgh do not include
any counties in VISTAS States.

######### Table III-5. List of VISTAS Ports and Ports of Adjoining States

  -------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- -------------- -----------
  **Port**       **State**   **County**    **Ratio**   **Port**     **State**   **County**    **Ratio**   **Port**      **State**   **County**     **Ratio**

  Port           FL          Broward       1.0         Helena       AR          Phillips      0.7778      Chattanooga   TN          Hamilton       0.7692
  Everglades                                                                                                                                       

  Jacksonville   FL          Duval         1.0                      MS          Coahoma       0.2222                    TN          Marion         0.2308

  Miami          FL          Miami-Dade    1.0         Charlotte    FL          Charlotte     0.7500      Norfolk       VA          Norfolk City   0.5568

  Port Canaveral FL          Brevard       1.0                      FL          Lee           0.2500                    VA          Chesapeake     0.3068
                                                                                                                                    City           

  Palm Beach     FL          Palm Beach    1.0         Mount Vernon IN          Vanderburgh   0.3182                    VA          Portsmouth     0.1364

  Panama City    FL          Bay           1.0                      IN          Posey         0.4773      Newport News  VA          Newport News   0.6500

  Pensacola      FL          Escambia      1.0                      KY          Henderson     0.2045                    VA          Hampton        0.3500

  Tampa          FL          Hillborough   1.0         Louisville   KY          Jefferson     0.6596      Hopewell      VA          Hopewell       0.5000

  Port Manatee   FL          Manatee       1.0                      IN          Clark         0.3404                    VA          Charles City   0.5000

  Weedon Island  FL          Pinellas      1.0         New Orleans  LA          St. Bernard   0.0858      Pittsburgh    PA          Allegheny      0.5206

  Savannah       GA          Chatham       1.0                      LA          Plaquemines   0.1231                    PA          Westmoreland   0.0412

  Brunswick      GA          Glynn         1.0                      LA          Orleans       0.3284                    PA          Armstrong      0.0309

  Pascagoula     MS          Jackson       1.0                      LA          Jefferson     0.4366                    PA          Washington     0.1340

  Vicksburg      MS          Warren        1.0                      LA          St. Tammany   0.0224                    PA          Fayette        0.0412

  Biloxi         MS          Harrison      1.0                      LA          Tangipahoa    0.0037                    PA          Greene         0.0567

  Greenville     MS          Washington    1.0         Wilmington   NC          New Hanover   0.8974                    PA          Beaver         0.1753

  Gulfport       MS          Harrison      1.0                      NC          Brunswick     0.1026      Huntington    KY          Greenup        0.0795

  Morehead City  NC          Carteret      1.0         Cincinnati   OH          Hamilton      0.7931                    KY          Boyd           0.1023

  Georgetown     SC          Georgetown    1.0                      KY          Kenton        0.0862                    OH          Gallia         0.1136

  Nashville      TN          Davidson      1.0                      KY          Boone         0.1207                    OH          Lawrence       0.2273

  Mobile         AL          Mobile        1.0         Charleston   SC          Charleston    0.7097                    OH          Scioto         0.1364

  Guntersville   AL          Marshall      1.0                      SC          Berkeley      0.2903                    WV          Wayne          0.1136

                                                       Memphis      TN          Shelby        0.9123                    WV          Cabell         0.0795

                                                                    AR          Crittenden    0.0877                    WV          Mason          0.1477
  -------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- -------------- -----------

Pechan was directed to perform the reallocation for all VISTAS ports.
Figure III-3 presents the reallocation of port emissions in all States
except Alabama. Alabama's CMV data were provided to EPA and already
incorporated into the 1999 NEI Version 2, and Pechan did not have access
to the default 1999 NEI estimates for this State and category. Since
State data take precedence, the inventory prepared by Pechan reflects
the incorporation of State data for those areas that developed
independent CMV emission estimates, including Virginia and Palm Beach
County, Florida. In addition, West Virginia provided their own county
fractions to allocate emissions for the Port of Huntington, using
District-level data from the Army Corps of Engineers on tonnage of
freight shipped and received. West Virginia also requested that
residual-fueled CMV activity/emissions be zeroed out for their State.
States providing their own data are encouraged to review the allocations
Pechan developed for their port areas, and to provide further comment or
direction as needed.

![](media/image3.png){width="7.9847222222222225in"
height="5.995833333333334in"}

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Table III-6. Definition of Port Areas Obtained from Waterborne      |
| Commerce** (USACE, 2000)                                              |
+=======================================================================+
| *VISTAS PORTS*                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *MOBILE, AL*                                                          |
|                                                                       |
| Entrance. bay and river channels, and channels into Chickasaw and     |
| Three Mile Creeks; Branch Channels; Theodore Ship Channel.            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GUNTERSVILLE, AL                                                      |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of the Tennessee River at mile 358 to mile 363.            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *JACKSONVILLE HARBOR, FL*                                             |
|                                                                       |
| Atlantic Ocean to the Florida East Coast Railway Bridge at            |
| Jacksonville, 26.8 miles.                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *TAMPA, FL*                                                           |
|                                                                       |
| Gulf of Mexico to and including the channels of upper Tampa Harbor,   |
| 49.8 miles; Channel to Port Tampa and thence to Courtney Campbell     |
| Parkway, 17.5 miles; Natural channel leading from Port Tampa Channel  |
| toward St. Petersburg, 1.8 miles; Alafia River Channel, 3.6 miles;    |
| Hillsborough River to City Waterworks Dam, 10 miles; Channels in      |
| "Little Manatee River, Fl; Port Manatee, Fl Harbor."                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *MIAMI HARBOR, FL*                                                    |
|                                                                       |
| Atlantic Ocean to inner end of turning basin at Miami, 6 miles; Meloy |
| Channel and thence natural channels along the easterly side of        |
| Biscayne Bay to Bakers Haulover Inlet, FL, about 11 miles; channel    |
| from turning basin to mouth of Miami River, 1.1 miles; existing       |
| Florida East Coast Railway Channel, Fishermans Channel from mouth of  |
| Miami River to Government Cut, 3.8 miles; and the channels reported   |
| under "Miami River, FL."                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *EVERGLADES HARBOR, COLLIER COUNTY, FL* - No definition given         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *CANAVERAL HARBOR, FL*                                                |
|                                                                       |
| Entrance Channel (Atlantic Ocean) to Barrier Beach inner channel and  |
| Turning Basins, thence a Barge canal through a lock in the perimeter  |
| dike and continuing to the Intracoastal Waterway, Jacksonville to     |
| Miami.                                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *CHARLOTTE HARBOR, FL*                                                |
|                                                                       |
| Gulf of Mexico to Municipal Terminal at Punta Gorda, about 29.5       |
| miles; waterfront on Gasparilla Island from Port Boca Grande to Boca  |
| Grande, 4.5 miles; and Myakka River to El Jobean, 4 miles.            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PALM BEACH HARBOR, FL*                                               |
|                                                                       |
| Atlantic Ocean to Port of Palm Beach Terminals, 1.7 miles; Lake Worth |
| from Riviera Bridge to Southern Boulevard Bridge at West Palm Beach,  |
| 7.5 miles; and "Palm Beach, FL side channel and basin."               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT MANATEE, FL*                                                    |
|                                                                       |
| 40 feet deep by 400 feet wide entrance channel and basin. The         |
| entrance channel extends approximately 3 miles in length from the     |
| turning basin to its intersection with Tampa Harbor main channel.     |
| Controlling Depth: 40 feet in entrance channel and turning basin.     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PANAMA CITY HARBOR, FL*                                              |
|                                                                       |
| Entrance channel, inside bay and Watson Bayou. Project Depth:         |
| Approach channel, 34 feet; across Lands End, 32 feet; Watson Bayou,   |
| 10 feet.                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PENSACOLA HARBOR, FL*                                                |
|                                                                       |
| Entrance channel and entire harbor, including Bayou Chico.            |
|                                                                       |
| Project Depth: entrance, 35 feet; Inner Harbor, 33 feet; Bayou Chico, |
| 15 and 14 feet.                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *WEEDON ISLAND, FL* -- no definition                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *BRUNSWICK HARBOR, GA*                                                |
|                                                                       |
| From 32-foot contour in the ocean across the Barthrough St. Simon     |
| Sound, Brunswick River, and Turtle River to the upper end of the      |
| Allied Chemical Company's Wharf, formerly Atlantic Refining Company   |
| Wharf, 20.4 miles; from Brunswick River through East River, to the    |
| upper end of the project in Academy Creek, 2.7 miles; from St. Simon  |
| Sound through Back River to Mill Creek, the upper end of Back River   |
| improvement, 2.9 miles; from Back River through Terry Creek to the    |
| Glynn Canning Company's Wharf, 1.8 miles; a total distance of 27.8    |
| miles.                                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *SAVANNAH HARBOR, GA*                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| From the 40-foot contour in the ocean to the Continental Can Company  |
| Plant, 32.15 miles.                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *LOUISVILLE, KY*                                                      |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of the Ohio River from mile 606 to mile 616                |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling Depth: 9 feet. Project Depth: 9 feet at low water stages. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *BILOXI HARBOR, MS*                                                   |
|                                                                       |
| Mississippi Sound, Biloxi Bay, Back Bay, and land cut to Gulfport     |
| Lake.                                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| Project Depth: East entrance channel, Mississippi Sound to Gulfport   |
| Lake, 12 feet: West entrance channel, Mississippi Sound to Biloxi     |
| Harbor, 10 feet; Ott Bayou, 12 feet.                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *GREENVILLE, MS*                                                      |
|                                                                       |
| From Mississippi River mile 537 AHP left descending bank in an        |
| easterly direction, an entrance channel, 8,000 feet long and 250 feet |
| wide transitioning into the harbor and port area 10,000 feet long and |
| 500 feet wide, then transitioning into Lake Ferguson, a channel 5,700 |
| feet long and 250 feet wide.                                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *GULFPORT HARBOR, MS*                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| Mississippi Sound Channel, Ship Island Pass Channel, and Small Craft  |
| Harbor about 4,300 feet long west of the anchorage basin.             |
|                                                                       |
| Project Depth: Mississippi Sound, 30 feet; Ship Island Pass, 32 feet; |
| Small Craft Harbor, 8 feet.                                           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PASCAGOULA HARBOR, MS*                                               |
|                                                                       |
| Lower 4 miles of Dog River and lower 6.8 miles of Pascagoula River,   |
| Mississippi Sound, Bayou Casotte, and Horn Island Pass Channels.      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *VICKSBURG, MS*                                                       |
|                                                                       |
| From Mississippi River mile 437 AHP on left descending bank in a      |
| northerly direction, a channel 14,500 feet long by 150 feet wide in   |
| the Yazoo Diversion Canal, thence a dredged entrance channel 4,800    |
| feet long and 150 feet wide, transitioning into a 300-foot wide       |
| dredged slack water harbor and turning basin 10,700 feet long.        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *MOREHEAD CITY HARBOR, NC*                                            |
|                                                                       |
| Morehead City Harbor, NC.                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF WILMINGTON, NC*                                              |
|                                                                       |
| (see also Wilmington Harbor NC for waterway data)                     |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of the Cape Fear River extending from a point about 18     |
| miles below the foot of Castle St. in Wilmington to a point about 2   |
| miles above the Railroad Bridge at Navassa, and both banks of         |
| Northeast (Cape Fear) River from its mouth to a point about 1.67      |
| miles above the Hilton Railroad Bridge.                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *CHARLESTON HARBOR, SC*                                               |
|                                                                       |
| (Including Ashley River, Cooper River, Shem Creek And Shipyard River, |
| SC)                                                                   |
|                                                                       |
| Ocean to Goose Creek via Cooper River and Town Creek; to the Standard |
| Wharf on Ashley River; to the Mount Pleasant Memorial Highway Bridge  |
| on Shem Creek; to the Airco Alloys Wharf on Shipyard River; Wando     |
| River to Cainhoy.                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *GEORGETOWN HARBOR, SC (Winyah Bay)*                                  |
|                                                                       |
| Atlantic Ocean Entrance to Winyah Bay, SC, to and including turning   |
| basin in Sampit River at the City of Georgetown, SC.                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *MEMPHIS, TN*                                                         |
|                                                                       |
| Section Inlcuded: From mile 715.5 to mile 741.0 on Lower Mississippi  |
| River and includes Memphis Harbor (McKellar Lake) and Wolf River      |
| Harbor,                                                               |
|                                                                       |
| Tennessee. Controlling Depth: 9 feet. Project Depth: 9 feet at low    |
| water stages.                                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF NASHVILLE, TN*                                               |
|                                                                       |
| (included in traffic of Cumberland River, TN and KY)                  |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of Cumberland River, mile 182 to mile 194                  |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling Depth: 9 feet. Project Depth: 9 feet at low water stages. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *CHATTANOOGA, TN*                                                     |
|                                                                       |
| Section Included: Both banks of the Tennessee River at mile 454 to    |
| 471.                                                                  |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling Depth: 9 feet. Project Depth: 9 feet at low water stages. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF RICHMOND, VA*                                                |
|                                                                       |
| (Included in James River, VA Consolidated Report)                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF NEWPORT NEWS, VA* (Including Newport News Creek, VA)         |
|                                                                       |
| Lower east shore of James River from mouth to 1.8 miles, and portion  |
| of north shore of Hampton Roads covering approximately 15,000 linear  |
| feet of waterfront at Newport News; and Newport News Creek.           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF HOPEWELL, VA* (Included In James River VA Consolidated       |
| Report)                                                               |
|                                                                       |
| South side of James River, from City Point, at mouth of Appomattox    |
| River, 2 miles downstream to the mouth of Baileys Creek.              |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling Depth: 25 feet at mean low water. Project Depth: 35 feet, |
| maintained to 25 feet.                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *NORFOLK HARBOR, VA*                                                  |
|                                                                       |
| From 55-foot contour in Hampton Roads to Norfolk & Western (formerly  |
| Virginia) Railway Bridge Crossing Southern Branch of Elizabeth River, |
| 14.78 miles; thence upstream in Southern Branch, 4.61 miles. In       |
| Eastern Branch, 2.54 miles upstream from the mouth of that branch; in |
| Western Branch, 1.78 miles upstream from the mouth of that branch;    |
| and 0.73 miles in Scotts Creek.                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *HUNTINGTON, WV*                                                      |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of the Ohio River from mile 303 to mile 317                |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling Depth: 9 feet. Project Depth: 9 feet at low water stages. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***NON-VISTAS PORTS***                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *HELENA, AR*                                                          |
|                                                                       |
| Mile 659 through mile 663 on the Lower Mississippi River.             |
|                                                                       |
| The project provides for maintenance of an off-river harbor with      |
| dimensions of 9 feet deep and 450 feet wide for a length of 3,200     |
| feet.                                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *MOUNT VERNON, IN*                                                    |
|                                                                       |
| Section Included: Right Bank of Ohio River from mile 151 to mile 154. |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling Depth: 9 feet. Project Depth: 9 feet at low water stages. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *CINCINNATI, OH*                                                      |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of the Ohio River from mile 465 to mile 491.               |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling Depth: 9 feet. Project Depth: 9 feet at low water stages. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF PITTSBURGH, PA*                                              |
|                                                                       |
| Ohio River from Pittsburgh, PA to mile 40 (Pennsylvania/Ohio State    |
| Line); Allegheny River from Pittsburgh, PA to mile 72(to head of      |
| project); Monongahela River from Pittsburgh, PA to mile 91(to head of |
| project). Includes Aliquippa-Rochester, Pittsburgh,                   |
| Clairton-Elizabeth.                                                   |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling Depth: 9 feet. Project Depth: 9 feet.                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF PLAQUEMINES, LA*                                             |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of Mississippi River from mile 0 A.H.P. through mile 81.2  |
| A.H.P                                                                 |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling and Project Depths: 45 feet.                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF BATON ROUGE, LA*                                             |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of Mississippi River from mile 168.5 A.H.P. through mile   |
| 253 A.H.P; including the Baton Rouge Barge Canal from a point on the  |
| east bank of the Mississippi River at mile 234.5 A.H.P., for a        |
| distance of 5 miles.                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF NEW ORLEANS, LA*                                             |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of the Mississippi River from mile 81.2 A.H.P. through     |
| mile 114.9 A.H.P.; Innerharbor Navigation Canal, 5.5 miles;           |
| Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet from its junction with the Innerharbor  |
| Navigation Canal to Bayou Bienvenue, 7 miles; and Harvey Canal, 5.5   |
| miles.                                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *PORT OF SOUTH LOUISIANA (LA)*                                        |
|                                                                       |
| Both banks of Mississippi River from mile 114.9 A.H.P. through mile   |
| 168.5 A.H.P.                                                          |
|                                                                       |
| Controlling and Project Depths: 45 feet.                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

### 3. Projection Methods

Pechan then projected the revised 1999 inventory to 2002 using surrogate
growth indicators. For the aircraft category, 1999 and 2002 approach
operations by airport and aircraft type were compiled from the Federal
Aviation Administration's Air Traffic Activity Data System (ATADS).

The airport-level landing and takeoffs (LTOs) were assigned to counties
and summed for the county. For counties with aircraft emissions without
a county match in ATADS,

State-average growth factors were calculated and applied. The
county-level growth factors are not presented in this report, but could
be provided to VISTAS S/L/Ts if requested.

For locomotives, projected emissions were developed in two steps as
described below. For 1999 to 2001, State-level vessel bunkering and rail
fuel consumption was obtained from the Energy Information
Administration's (EIA's) *Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales.*

For 2001 to 2002, Pechan applied national growth factors developed from
fuel consumption projections in EIA's *Annual Energy Outlook.* Table
III-7a lists the growth factors for locomotives that were applied to the
1999 emissions to first develop 2001 emissions. Table III-7b lists the
growth factors used to generate 2002 emissions. Locomotive emissions
were not revised from the August 2003 draft VISTAS 2002 inventory.

+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| ####  |            |                  |                |             |
| ##### |            |                  |                |             |
|  **Ta |            |                  |                |             |
| ble I |            |                  |                |             |
| II-7a |            |                  |                |             |
| . Gro |            |                  |                |             |
| wth F |            |                  |                |             |
| actor |            |                  |                |             |
| s for |            |                  |                |             |
|  Rail |            |                  |                |             |
| road  |            |                  |                |             |
| Disti |            |                  |                |             |
| llate |            |                  |                |             |
|  Fuel |            |                  |                |             |
|  Oil  |            |                  |                |             |
| Use** |            |                  |                |             |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| **FIP | **State**  | **Rail           |                | **Growth    |
| SST** |            | Distillate Fuel  |                | Factor      |
|       |            | Oil Sales**      |                | (GF)**      |
|       |            |                  |                |             |
|       |            | **(Thousand      |                |             |
|       |            | Gallons)**       |                |             |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
|       |            | **1999**         | **2001**       |             |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 01    | Alabama    | 42,137           | 55,777         | **1.3**     |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 12    | Florida    | 127,269          | 107,084        | **0.8**     |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 13    | Georgia    | 73,494           | 70,538         | **1.0**     |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 21    | Kentucky   | 98,941           | 99,812         | **1.0**     |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 28    | M          | 14,267           | 24,812         | **1.7**     |
|       | ississippi |                  |                |             |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 37    | North      | 53,900           | 77,762         | **1.4**     |
|       | Carolina   |                  |                |             |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 45    | South      | 13,051           | 15,936         | **1.2**     |
|       | Carolina   |                  |                |             |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 47    | Tennessee  | 44,083           | 91,363         | **2.1**     |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 51    | Virginia   | 32,202           | 61,154         | **1.9**     |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 54    | West       | 9,160            | 8,787          | **1.0**     |
|       | Virginia   |                  |                |             |
+-------+------------+------------------+----------------+-------------+

Source: Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration Fuel Oil
and Kerosene Sales 1999 & Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales 2001 Table 23.
Adjusted Sales for Transportation Use: Distillate Fuel Oil and Residual
Fuel Oil

(<http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/pertroleum/053599.pdf>),
(<http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/pertroleum/053501.pdf>)

+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| **Table III-7b. 2002 National Rail  |       |       |               |
| Transportation Energy Use by Fuel   |       |       |               |
| Type (Trillion BTU)**               |       |       |               |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
|                                     | **2   | **2   | **Growth      |
|                                     | 001** | 002** | Factor (GF)** |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Intercity Rail (Electric)           | 10.17 | 10.40 | 1.0226        |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Intercity Rail (Diesel)             | 16.60 | 16.88 | 1.0169        |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Transit Rail (Electric)             | 46.36 | 47.40 | 1.0224        |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| **Intercity/Transit Rail Average    |       |       | **1.0206**    |
| (SCC 2285002008)**                  |       |       |               |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Commuter Rail (Electric)            | 16.13 | 16.49 | 1.0223        |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Commuter Rail (Diesel)              | 26.31 | 26.76 | 1.0171        |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| **Commuter Rail Average (SCC        |       |       | **1.0197**    |
| 2285002009)**                       |       |       |               |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Freight Rail (Distillate)           | 5     | 4     | **0.9600**    |
|                                     | 12.81 | 92.32 |               |
| (SCCs 2285002000, 2285002005,       |       |       |               |
| 2285002006, 2285002007, 2285002010) |       |       |               |
+-------------------------------------+-------+-------+---------------+

Source: Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Annual
Energy Outlook 2003: Table 34. Transportation Sector Energy Use by Fuel
Type Within a Mode
(<http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/supplement/sup_tran.pdf>)

Since the CMV emissions were revised for the 1999 base year, these
emissions were projected using 2002 *Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales* data,
which became available in November 2003. Table III-8 lists the growth
factors for CMVs that were applied to 1999 emissions to generate 2002
emissions. The same regional growth factor that accounts for an average
regional growth rate was applied to CMV emissions for all VISTAS States.
Because the State-level data represents sales and not use, and CMV
activity spans State borders, a regional growth factor was deemed more
appropriate. Pechan could make a similar adjustment for the locomotive
growth factors, which are also based on fuel sales for 1999 to 2001, if
requested by VISTAS.

######### Table III-8. Growth Factors for Commercial Marine Vessel Distillate and Residual Fuel Oil Use

+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| **   | **State** | **Fuel Oil      |              | **Growth Factor  |
| FIPS |           | Sales**         |              | (GF)**           |
| ST** |           |                 |              |                  |
|      |           | **(Thousand     |              |                  |
|      |           | Gallons)**      |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
|      |           | **1999**        | **2002**     |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| ***D |           |                 |              |                  |
| ISTI |           |                 |              |                  |
| LLAT |           |                 |              |                  |
| E*** |           |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 01   | Alabama   | 67,455          | 73,400       | **1.1**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 12   | Florida   | 139,809         | 143,577      | **1.0**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 13   | Georgia   | 17,697          | 22,327       | **1.3**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 21   | Kentucky  | 81,811          | 56,169       | **0.7**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 28   | Mi        | 12,749          | 68,668       | **5.4**          |
|      | ssissippi |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 37   | North     | 11,279          | 10,057       | **0.9**          |
|      | Carolina  |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 45   | South     | 12,732          | 19,782       | **1.6**          |
|      | Carolina  |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 47   | Tennessee | 43,867          | 112,364      | **2.6**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 51   | Virginia  | 29,444          | 28,235       | **1.0**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 54   | West      | 54,560          | 46,981       | **0.9**          |
|      | Virginia  |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| **   |           | **471,403**     | **581,560**  | **1.2**          |
| Regi |           |                 |              |                  |
| onal |           |                 |              |                  |
| Di   |           |                 |              |                  |
| stil |           |                 |              |                  |
| late |           |                 |              |                  |
| GF** |           |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| **   |           |                 |              |                  |
| *RES |           |                 |              |                  |
| IDUA |           |                 |              |                  |
| L*** |           |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 01   | Alabama   | 46,093          | 93,487       | **2.0**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 12   | Florida   | 404,228         | 460,600      | **1.1**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 13   | Georgia   | 40,117          | 79,191       | **2.0**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 21   | Ke        |                 | 69           | **1.2**          |
|      | ntucky^1^ |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 28   | Mi        | 48,644          | 54,031       | **1.1**          |
|      | ssissippi |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 37   | North     | 6,989           | 35,210       | **5.0**          |
|      | Carolina  |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 45   | South     | 20,056          | 22,758       | **1.1**          |
|      | Carolina  |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 47   | Ten       |                 | 124          | **1.2**          |
|      | nessee^1^ |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 51   | Virginia  | 60,090          | 36,445       | **0.6**          |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| 54   | West      |                 |              | **1.2**          |
|      | Virginia  |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+
| **   |           | **626,217**     | **781,915**  | **1.2**          |
| Regi |           |                 |              |                  |
| onal |           |                 |              |                  |
| Resi |           |                 |              |                  |
| dual |           |                 |              |                  |
| GF** |           |                 |              |                  |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------------+------------------+

^1^ For Kentucky, Tennessee and West Virginia, Pechan summed the 1999
and 2002 CMV residual fuel oil use to develop a total VISTAS State
growth factor, which was then applied to the three States.

Source: Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel
Oil and Kerosene Sales 1999 & Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales 2002, Table
23. Adjusted Sales for Transportation Use: Distillate Fuel Oil and
Residual Fuel Oil.

# IV. Onroad Refueling Methods

Emissions were separately calculated from onroad refueling, also known
as Stage II emissions. Since refueling is a category of evaporative
rather than exhaust emissions, VOC is the only criteria pollutant of
concern for this category. This chapter discusses the controls modeled
for this emission category and the methods used to calculate these
emissions. Refueling emissions for onroad sources were updated in
February 2004 to account for the VMT updates provided by several States.

## A. Controls

Based on default information from the NEI as well as some information
provided by VISTAS agencies, portions of five of the VISTAS States have
onroad Stage II refueling controls in place. These States, along with
the specific counties with onroad Stage II controls, are listed in
Table IV-1. This table also shows information about the Stage II control
program in each State including the year a Stage II program began, the
number of years that the program was phased-in over, and the control
efficiency of the program in reducing VOC emissions from Stage II
refueling for the LDGV, LDGT, and HDGV vehicle categories. These are the
inputs required for modeling a Stage II control program using MOBILE6.
States with Stage II programs should review this information and provide
any corrections for the next round of emissions modeling.

+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
| ###### |   |         |        |                                    |
| ### Ta |   |         |        |                                    |
| ble IV |   |         |        |                                    |
| -1. On |   |         |        |                                    |
| road S |   |         |        |                                    |
| tage I |   |         |        |                                    |
| I Cont |   |         |        |                                    |
| rol Pr |   |         |        |                                    |
| ograms |   |         |        |                                    |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
|        |   |         |        |                                    |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
| **S    | * | **P     | **C    | **Counties**                       |
| tate** | * | hase-In | ontrol |                                    |
|        | S | Years** | Effici |                                    |
|        | t |         | ency** |                                    |
|        | a |         |        |                                    |
|        | r |         |        |                                    |
|        | t |         |        |                                    |
|        | Y |         |        |                                    |
|        | e |         |        |                                    |
|        | a |         |        |                                    |
|        | r |         |        |                                    |
|        | * |         |        |                                    |
|        | * |         |        |                                    |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
| F      | 1 | 2       | 95%    | Broward, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach    |
| lorida | 9 |         |        |                                    |
|        | 9 |         |        |                                    |
|        | 3 |         |        |                                    |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
| G      | 1 | 3       | 81%    | Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta,   |
| eorgia | 9 |         |        | DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, |
|        | 9 |         |        | Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Paulding, |
|        | 2 |         |        | Rockdale                           |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
| Ke     | 1 | 2       | 86%    | Boone, Campbell, Kenton            |
| ntucky | 9 |         |        |                                    |
|        | 9 |         |        |                                    |
|        | 9 |         |        |                                    |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
| Ke     | 1 | 2       | 95%    | Jefferson                          |
| ntucky | 9 |         |        |                                    |
|        | 9 |         |        |                                    |
|        | 2 |         |        |                                    |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
| Ten    | 1 | 3       | 95%    | Davidson, Rutherford, Sumner,      |
| nessee | 9 |         |        | Williamson, Wilson                 |
|        | 9 |         |        |                                    |
|        | 3 |         |        |                                    |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
| Vi     | 1 | 2       | 95%    | Counties: Arlington, Chesterfield, |
| rginia | 9 |         |        | Fairfax, Hanover, Henrico,         |
|        | 9 |         |        | Loudoun, Prince William, Stafford  |
|        | 3 |         |        |                                    |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+
|        |   |         |        | Independent Cities: Alexandria,    |
|        |   |         |        | Colonial Heights, Fairfax, Falls   |
|        |   |         |        | Church, Hopewell, Manassas,        |
|        |   |         |        | Manassas Park, Richmond            |
+--------+---+---------+--------+------------------------------------+

## B. Methods

A simplified set of MOBILE6.2 input files was created to simulate the
onroad refueling emission factors. These input files were simplified
because several of the inputs used for calculating the onroad exhaust
and evaporative emission factors do not affect the refueling emission
factors. For example, the refueling emission factors are unaffected by
vehicle speed or I/M program. Thus, for each group of counties in a
State with the same fuel parameters, temperature parameters, fleet
characteristics (registration distribution, diesel sales fractions), and
Stage II control program parameters, a MOBILE6.2 input file was created
to model the onroad refueling emission factors. As mentioned above,
speed does not affect the refueling emission factors, so each input file
contained only 12 scenarios---one for each month of the year. Within
each scenario, the temperature and fuel parameters were varied, using
the same temperature and fuel data modeled in the onroad exhaust and
evaporative MOBILE6.2 input files. Other fleet characteristics, such as
registration distributions and diesel sales fractions, were included in
the input files where applicable. The inputs shown in Table IV-1 were
included for the input files representing counties with Stage II control
programs. The header section of the MOBILE6.2 input files was set up so
that only refueling emission factors would be included in the tabular
output file.

After the MOBILE6.2 input files were generated, they were run through
the MOBILE6.2 model to obtain refueling VOC emission factors in the
database table format. These emission factors are produced for the 28
MOBILE6 vehicle types. The emission factors were then weighted using the
VMT fraction information included in the MOBILE6 output tables to obtain
VOC refueling emission factors for the 8 vehicle types included in the
VISTAS VMT database. The VMT fraction information contained in the
MOBILE6 input files is based on the default MOBILE6 registration
distributions, diesel sales fractions, and VMT fractions, or, when this
information is provided in the input files, based on area-specific fleet
parameters. A database of emission factors by month, county, and 8
vehicle types was then prepared. In calculating monthly onroad refueling
emissions, the VISTAS annual VMT data were temporally allocated by month
in the same manner as described in Chapter II for the onroad exhaust and
evaporative emission calculations. These VMT were then multiplied by the
corresponding monthly emission factor (in terms of grams per mile) to
obtain refueling emissions from onroad vehicles. The monthly emissions
for each county were then summed to obtain annual refueling emissions.
Also, since refueling emissions are included in the area source
inventory and are not distinguished by vehicle type, all refueling
emissions from onroad vehicles were summed for each county in the VISTAS
region. Summaries of the refueling emissions from onroad vehicles are
presented in Chapter VI.

# V. Nonroad Refueling Methods

The NONROAD model accounts for refueling emissions from nonroad
equipment under two separate components, vapor displacement and
spillage. Vapor displacement emissions result when new liquid fuel being
added to a fuel tank displaces fuel vapors already present in the tank.
Spillage emissions result when fuel is spilled during the refueling
process.

Nonroad equipment may be fueled from a gasoline pump or a portable
container. Refueling nonroad equipment from a portable container results
in different emissions for both spillage and vapor displacement compared
to refueling from a gasoline pump. In addition, the use of portable
containers also results in extra refueling events. Both spillage and
displacement emissions will also occur when the container is filled from
a gasoline pump. However, due to lack of data, the NONROAD2002 model
does not attempt to quantify this set of refueling emissions. As such,
the NONROAD model refueling emissions associated with nonroad equipment
being filled directly at the gasoline pumps will be used to represent
the nonroad Stage II emission component. Stage II control factors listed
in Table IV-1 were input in the county-specific NONROAD model option
files. Once the model runs were performed, Pechan extracted the
refueling and spillage emissions corresponding only to those engines
(typically the larger horsepower engines) within each SCC assumed to be
refueled at the pump. The list of SCC and horsepower ranges associated
with pump versus container refueling is specified in the model since
different emission rates are assumed for these two types of refueling.

Table V-1 presents draft annual Stage II VOC emission estimates by
State. These emissions were combined with the onroad vehicle Stage II
estimates described in Section IV of this report.

######### Table V-1. 2002 Draft Stage II Refueling Emissions by State

  ----------------- -------------------------- ---------------------------
  **FIPSST**        **NAME**                   **VOC Emissions, tpy**

  01                Alabama                    167.25

  12                Florida                    842.60

  13                Georgia                    209.01

  21                Kentucky                   112.65

  28                Mississippi                147.18

  37                North Carolina             298.49

  45                Tennessee                  197.81

  47                South Carolina             155.33

  51                Virginia                   174.70

  54                West Virginia              39.33
  ----------------- -------------------------- ---------------------------

# VI. Summary of Results

This chapter presents the emission results from the February 2004 draft
version of the 2002 mobile source emissions inventory for the VISTAS
region. These emissions result from the data and procedures described in
the preceding chapters of this report.

## **A. Onroad Results**

Table VI-1 summarizes the latest 2002 VISTAS onroad emissions inventory
by State. This table also summarizes the total VMT for each State.
Tables VI-2 and VI-3 are provided here for the purpose of comparing this
inventory with another existing onroad inventory. The emissions shown in
Table VI-2 are taken from Version 2 of EPA's 1999 NEI. Table VI-3 then
shows the percentage change from the 1999 NEI to the 2002 draft VISTAS
inventory. If the two inventories had been developed using comparable
data, one would generally expect to see reductions in the onroad
emissions from 1999 to 2002 due to fleet turnover resulting in the
replacement of older, dirtier vehicles with vehicles meeting more
stringent emission standards. However, this reduction in per-vehicle
emissions also needs to overcome increases in VMT for the overall
emissions to decrease. All of the VISTAS States show increases in VMT
from 1999 to 2002, except North Carolina. This decrease in VMT needs to
be further investigated by the State agency. States that were modeled
with significant State or locally supplied inputs in the VISTAS
modeling, such as Virginia and Georgia, would be expected to have more
significant differences from the NEI data than States with no
State-supplied information other than VMT. Some of the State inputs that
cause significant deviations from the NEI estimates are registration
distributions, VMT mixes by vehicle type, and speeds by road type. In
addition, some of the pollutants are more affected by these inputs,
while others (such as NH~3~) are minimally affected by these inputs. The
2002 VISTAS onroad emissions will continue to undergo review. Any
comments or questions on these emissions by the State or local agencies
will be investigated as part of this review.

+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| ######## |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| # **Tabl |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| e VI-1.  |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| 2002 VIS |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| TAS Onro |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| ad Emiss |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| ions and |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|  VMT by  |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| State**  |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| **(      |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| February |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| 2004     |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| Ve       |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| rsion)** |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
|          |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| ** **    | **   |      |       |    |    |    |    | **2002     |
|          | 2002 |      |       |    |    |    |    | Annual     |
|          | An   |      |       |    |    |    |    | VMT**      |
|          | nual |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | E    |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | miss |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | ions |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | (    |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | tons |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | per  |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | yea  |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | r)** |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| *        | **V  | **N  | *     | *  | ** | *  | *  | **(million |
| *State** | OC** | Ox** | *CO** | *S | PM | *P | *N | miles)**   |
|          |      |      |       | O2 | 10 | M2 | H3 |            |
|          |      |      |       | ** | ** | .5 | ** |            |
|          |      |      |       |    |    | ** |    |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Alabama  | 99   | 154  | 1,27  | 6  | 4  | 3  | 5  | 55,723     |
|          | ,650 | ,908 | 5,969 | ,5 | ,3 | ,2 | ,6 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 15 | 44 | 31 | 19 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Florida  | 457  | 463  | 4,67  | 19 | 12 | 9  | 18 | 178,681    |
|          | ,309 | ,419 | 8,471 | ,7 | ,6 | ,2 | ,2 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 39 | 66 | 32 | 40 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Georgia  | 215  | 311  | 2,60  | 11 | 8  | 5  | 10 | 106,785    |
|          | ,035 | ,125 | 1,785 | ,4 | ,0 | ,9 | ,6 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 87 | 38 | 42 | 12 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Kentucky | 79   | 164  | 1,19  | 5  | 4  | 3  | 5  | 51,020     |
|          | ,110 | ,231 | 6,211 | ,7 | ,0 | ,0 | ,1 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 18 | 83 | 48 | 03 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Mis      | 68   | 107  | 84    | 4  | 3  | 2  | 3  | 36,278     |
| sissippi | ,508 | ,047 | 5,990 | ,3 | ,1 | ,3 | ,6 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 54 | 52 | 99 | 03 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| North    | 147  | 278  | 2,11  | 9  | 6  | 4  | 7  | 80,166     |
| Carolina | ,977 | ,265 | 6,829 | ,9 | ,3 | ,7 | ,8 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 53 | 74 | 41 | 68 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| South    | 92   | 136  | 1,19  | 5  | 3  | 2  | 4  | 47,074     |
| Carolina | ,491 | ,569 | 2,894 | ,6 | ,8 | ,8 | ,7 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 47 | 25 | 67 | 19 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| T        | 126  | 255  | 1,78  | 8  | 5  | 4  | 6  | 68,316     |
| ennessee | ,959 | ,090 | 5,136 | ,1 | ,4 | ,0 | ,8 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 15 | 45 | 59 | 55 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Virginia | 115  | 182  | 1,85  | 6  | 4  | 3  | 7  | 76,566     |
|          | ,044 | ,513 | 8,629 | ,1 | ,4 | ,0 | ,9 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 10 | 13 | 32 | 37 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| West     | 34   | 57   | 51    | 2  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 19,544     |
| Virginia | ,197 | ,941 | 2,592 | ,3 | ,5 | ,1 | ,9 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 61 | 50 | 55 | 47 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| *        | ***  | ***  | *     | ** | ** | ** | ** | ***        |
| **VISTAS | 1,43 | 2,11 | **18, | *7 | *5 | *3 | *7 | 720,153*** |
| Total*** | 6,27 | 1,10 | 064,5 | 9, | 3, | 9, | 2, |            |
|          | 9*** | 8*** | 06*** | 99 | 89 | 70 | 50 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 9* | 0* | 5* | 4* |            |
|          |      |      |       | ** | ** | ** | ** |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+

+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| ##       |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| #######  |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| Table VI |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| -2. 1999 |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|  NEI Ver |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| sion 2 O |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| nroad Em |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| issions  |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| and VMT  |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
| by State |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
|          |      |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| ** **    | **   |      |       |    |    |    |    | **1999     |
|          | 1999 |      |       |    |    |    |    | Annual     |
|          | An   |      |       |    |    |    |    | VMT**      |
|          | nual |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | E    |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | miss |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | ions |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | (    |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | tons |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | per  |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | yea  |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
|          | r)** |      |       |    |    |    |    |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| *        | **V  | **N  | *     | *  | ** | *  | *  | **(million |
| *State** | OC** | Ox** | *CO** | *S | PM | *P | *N | miles)**   |
|          |      |      |       | O2 | 10 | M2 | H3 |            |
|          |      |      |       | ** | ** | .5 | ** |            |
|          |      |      |       |    |    | ** |    |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Alabama  | 121  | 163  | 1,41  | 6  | 4  | 3  | 5  | 52,914     |
|          | ,201 | ,024 | 2,343 | ,2 | ,7 | ,5 | ,2 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 80 | 12 | 99 | 49 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Florida  | 328  | 424  | 3,37  | 16 | 12 | 9  | 14 | 141,903    |
|          | ,412 | ,969 | 9,563 | ,5 | ,2 | ,3 | ,1 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 81 | 59 | 18 | 62 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Georgia  | 207  | 313  | 2,52  | 12 | 9  | 7  | 9  | 98,859     |
|          | ,562 | ,568 | 6,592 | ,0 | ,2 | ,1 | ,7 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 28 | 63 | 39 | 87 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Kentucky | 97   | 162  | 1,22  | 6  | 4  | 3  | 4  | 47,816     |
|          | ,286 | ,160 | 5,414 | ,0 | ,7 | ,7 | ,7 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 06 | 72 | 15 | 03 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Mis      | 74   | 126  | 83    | 4  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 34,955     |
| sissippi | ,579 | ,344 | 0,477 | ,4 | ,9 | ,1 | ,4 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 78 | 08 | 06 | 06 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| North    | 187  | 285  | 2,25  | 10 | 8  | 6  | 8  | 87,759     |
| Carolina | ,346 | ,380 | 2,671 | ,8 | ,4 | ,5 | ,6 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 29 | 62 | 52 | 63 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| South    | 98   | 153  | 1,20  | 5  | 4  | 3  | 4  | 44,146     |
| Carolina | ,010 | ,346 | 7,336 | ,6 | ,5 | ,5 | ,3 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 16 | 15 | 27 | 30 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| T        | 138  | 211  | 1,69  | 7  | 6  | 4  | 6  | 64,570     |
| ennessee | ,629 | ,133 | 7,778 | ,8 | ,1 | ,7 | ,3 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 76 | 08 | 16 | 92 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| Virginia | 150  | 238  | 1,86  | 8  | 6  | 5  | 7  | 73,904     |
|          | ,528 | ,515 | 1,417 | ,9 | ,8 | ,3 | ,3 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 72 | 92 | 07 | 20 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| West     | 40   | 68   | 53    | 2  | 2  | 1  | 1  | 19,033     |
| Virginia | ,060 | ,580 | 9,578 | ,4 | ,0 | ,5 | ,8 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 71 | 23 | 89 | 59 |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+
| *        | ***  | ***  | *     | ** | ** | ** | ** | ***        |
| **VISTAS | 1,44 | 2,14 | **16, | *8 | *6 | *4 | *6 | 665,859*** |
| Total*** | 3,61 | 7,01 | 933,1 | 1, | 2, | 8, | 5, |            |
|          | 3*** | 9*** | 70*** | 13 | 91 | 56 | 87 |            |
|          |      |      |       | 7* | 3* | 7* | 1* |            |
|          |      |      |       | ** | ** | ** | ** |            |
+----------+------+------+-------+----+----+----+----+------------+

+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| ###            |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
| ###### Table V |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
| I-3. Change in |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|  Onroad Emissi |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
| ons and VMT fr |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
| om 1999 NEI Ve |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
| rsion 2 to VIS |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
| TAS 2002 Inven |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
| tory (February |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|  2004 Version) |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
|                |     |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| ** **          | **  |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | Cha |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | nge |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | f   |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | rom |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | 1   |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | 999 |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | NEI |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | V2  |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | to  |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | 2   |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | 002 |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | VIS |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | TAS |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | Dr  |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | aft |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | In  |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | ven |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | tor |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
|                | y** |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| **State**      | *   | *   | **C | *   | **PM | **PM  | *  | *   |
|                | *VO | *NO | O** | *SO | 10** | 2.5** | *N | *VM |
|                | C** | x** |     | 2** |      |       | H3 | T** |
|                |     |     |     |     |      |       | ** |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| Alabama        | -   | -5% | -   | 4%  | -8%  | -10%  | 7% | 5%  |
|                | 18% |     | 10% |     |      |       |    |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| Florida        | 39% | 9%  | 38% | 19% | 3%   | -1%   | 2  | 26% |
|                |     |     |     |     |      |       | 9% |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| Georgia        | 4%  | -1% | 3%  | -4% | -13% | -17%  | 8% | 8%  |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| Kentucky       | -   | 1%  | -2% | -5% | -14% | -18%  | 9% | 7%  |
|                | 19% |     |     |     |      |       |    |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| Mississippi    | -8% | -   | 2%  | -3% | -19% | -23%  | 6% | 4%  |
|                |     | 15% |     |     |      |       |    |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| North Carolina | -   | -2% | -6% | -8% | -25% | -28%  | -  | -9% |
|                | 21% |     |     |     |      |       | 9% |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| South Carolina | -6% | -   | -1% | 1%  | -15% | -19%  | 9% | 7%  |
|                |     | 11% |     |     |      |       |    |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| Tennessee      | -8% | 21% | 5%  | 3%  | -11% | -14%  | 7% | 6%  |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| Virginia       | -   | -   | 0%  | -   | -36% | -43%  | 8% | 4%  |
|                | 24% | 23% |     | 32% |      |       |    |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| West Virginia  | -   | -   | -5% | -4% | -23% | -27%  | 5% | 3%  |
|                | 15% | 16% |     |     |      |       |    |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+
| ***VISTAS      | -1% | -2% | 7%  | -1% | -14% | -18%  | 1  | 8%  |
| Total***       |     |     |     |     |      |       | 0% |     |
+----------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+----+-----+

Table VI-4 presents the latest 2002 VISTAS onroad refueling emission
estimates by State. These refueling emissions are NOT included in the
emissions shown in Tables VI-1 through VI-3.

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| #######              |                                               |
| ## Table VI-4. 2002  |                                               |
| VISTAS Annual Onroad |                                               |
|  Refueling Emissions |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|                      |                                               |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **State**            | **2002 Annual Onroad VOC Refueling            |
|                      | Emissions**                                   |
|                      |                                               |
|                      | **(tons per year)**                           |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Alabama              | 8,408                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Florida              | 28,367                                        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Georgia              | 12,329                                        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Kentucky             | 6,885                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Mississippi          | 6,057                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| North Carolina       | 15,320                                        |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| South Carolina       | 8,926                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Tennessee            | 9,901                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Virginia             | 8,657                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| West Virginia        | 3,383                                         |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ***VISTAS Total***   | ***108,233***                                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

## B. Nonroad Results

Table VI-5 provides a summary of draft 2002 nonroad sector annual
emissions by State, including Stage II refueling emission estimates.
Table VI-6 provides a summary of the draft 2002 NONROAD model emission
estimates by State, and compares the values to 2001 NONROAD model NEI
Version 2 estimates by showing the percent difference. A similar
comparison is shown in Table VI-7 for other nonroad emission estimates
compared to the 1999 NEI Version 2.

For the NONROAD model categories, SO~2~, PM~10,~ PM~2.5~, and NH~3~
decrease consistently across all States. SO~2~ emissions decrease due in
part to a lower diesel fuel sulfur content input for the NONROAD model
runs, which also contributes to decreases in particulate emissions. The
decrease in NH~3~ is due primarily to corrections made to compresses
natural gas (CNG) engine NH~3~ emissions, which involved zeroing out the
estimates. The 1999 NEI erroneously applied emission factors on a grams
per gallon basis to CNG fuel consumption. Although reported as
uncompressed gallons in the NONROAD model, the CNG fuel consumption
estimates represent a gaseous, not liquid, volume. Based on OTAQ's
recommendations, CNG NH~3~ emissions are now reported as zero.

CO and NO~x~ show little change for all States, and

changes in VOC vary by State and are dependent on the contribution of
specific equipment categories (detail not shown).

For other nonroad categories, the increase in PM~10~ and PM~2.5~ is due
to the addition of commercial aircraft PM emissions. Commercial aircraft
PM~10~ and PM~2.5~ emissions were zero in the 1999 NEI; hence, the large
percent increase. To gap fill this portion of the inventory, Pechan
calculated and applied an average air taxi PM/NO~x~ emission ratio to
commercial aircraft NO~x~ emissions

. States with a higher proportion of commercial aircraft show
significant PM increases (e.g., FL, TN, VA). In addition,

NO~x~ emissions decrease due to new State data for other nonroad from AL
and VA.

  ------------ ------------- --------- --------- ----------- -------------- -------------- --------- ---------
  **Table                                                                                            
  VI-5.                                                                                              
  Summary of                                                                                         
  Draft 2002                                                                                         
  Nonroad                                                                                            
  Sector                                                                                             
  Annual                                                                                             
  Emissions by                                                                                       
  State, tons                                                                                        
  per year**                                                                                         

  **FIPSST**   **STATE**     **VOC**   **NOX**   **CO**      **PM10-PRI**   **PM25-PRI**   **SO2**   **NH3**

  01           Alabama       46,788    64,367    373,634     5,504          4,895          7,529     32

  12           Florida       211,006   153,396   1,765,539   61,426         45,849         17,453    109

  13           Georgia       66,712    87,053    712,159     10,411         8,666          7,914     55

  21           Kentucky      35,537    100,989   294,929     8,538          7,249          13,771    28

  28           Mississippi   33,443    90,190    217,407     5,795          5,194          11,537    23

  37           North         75,020    81,264    742,822     12,814         10,379         7,281     62
               Carolina                                                                              

  45           South         43,231    46,518    375,469     4,115          3,678          4,465     29
               Carolina                                                                              

  47           Tennessee     52,333    118,690   461,976     14,727         11,692         12,478    41

  51           Virginia      61,655    69,668    614,958     21,580         16,497         11,068    44

  54           West Virginia 15,497    36,613    120,029     2,293          2,034          2,388     10
  ------------ ------------- --------- --------- ----------- -------------- -------------- --------- ---------

+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| ## |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ## |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ## |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
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| bl |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
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| .  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| Su |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| mm |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ar |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
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| of |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
|  D |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
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| ft |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
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| 2  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| NO |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| NR |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| OA |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| D  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| Mo |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| de |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
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| is |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
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| on |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
|  E |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| st |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| im |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| at |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| es |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
|  b |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| y  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| St |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| at |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| e  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| *  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ** |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| 20 |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| 02 |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| D  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| RA |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| FT |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| VI |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ST |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| AS |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| N  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ON |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| RO |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| AD |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| M  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| od |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| el |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| In |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ve |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| nt |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| or |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| y, |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| tp |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| y* |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ** |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| ** | **S    | *     | *     | **CO_ | **    | **    | *     | **N  |
| FI | TATE** | *VOC_ | *NOX_ | ANN** | PM10_ | PM25_ | *SO2_ | H3_A |
| PS |        | ANN** | ANN** |       | ANN** | ANN** | ANN** | NN** |
| ST |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ** |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 01 | A      | 44,5  | 28,6  | 365,1 | 3,3   | 3,0   | 2,7   | 3    |
|    | labama | 01.18 | 35.48 | 61.12 | 06.84 | 44.48 | 29.32 | 1.92 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 12 | F      | 205,4 | 86,6  | 1,    | 12,8  | 11,8  | 9,1   | 10   |
|    | lorida | 89.66 | 54.40 | 730,1 | 90.06 | 62.13 | 13.26 | 9.02 |
|    |        |       |       | 25.77 |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 13 | G      | 65,0  | 51,4  | 705,2 | 5,4   | 5,0   | 5,0   | 5    |
|    | eorgia | 54.02 | 52.93 | 92.75 | 93.33 | 57.34 | 25.11 | 4.97 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 21 | Ke     | 32,8  | 28,2  | 283,4 | 3,1   | 2,9   | 2,7   | 2    |
|    | ntucky | 36.91 | 53.72 | 88.53 | 52.29 | 01.82 | 77.69 | 8.00 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 28 | Missi  | 31,0  | 23,5  | 207,8 | 2,7   | 2,5   | 2,3   | 2    |
|    | ssippi | 97.14 | 49.89 | 24.23 | 61.65 | 42.05 | 75.53 | 3.37 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 37 | North  | 73,6  | 58,6  | 734,4 | 6,0   | 5,6   | 5,4   | 6    |
|    | Ca     | 10.93 | 67.62 | 96.85 | 95.96 | 13.11 | 42.35 | 2.06 |
|    | rolina |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 45 | South  | 41,6  | 26,2  | 366,7 | 3,0   | 2,7   | 2,4   | 2    |
|    | Ca     | 52.41 | 12.76 | 37.16 | 28.92 | 88.66 | 61.79 | 9.29 |
|    | rolina |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 47 | Ten    | 48,6  | 39,8  | 446,4 | 4,2   | 3,9   | 3,8   | 4    |
|    | nessee | 26.66 | 33.95 | 61.43 | 40.53 | 04.21 | 10.11 | 1.22 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 51 | Vi     | 56,9  | 40,9  | 594,0 | 4,7   | 4,3   | 4,1   | 4    |
|    | rginia | 73.85 | 14.48 | 20.13 | 39.47 | 62.61 | 03.01 | 4.22 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 54 | West   | 14,4  | 9,5   | 115,6 | 1,0   | 9     | 9     | 1    |
|    | Vi     | 98.68 | 02.33 | 52.49 | 38.29 | 55.70 | 80.17 | 0.31 |
|    | rginia |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| *  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ** |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| 20 |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| 01 |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| N  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ON |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| RO |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| AD |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| M  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| od |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| el |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| N  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| EI |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| V  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| er |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| si |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| on |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| 2, |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| tp |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| y* |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ** |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| ** | **S    | *     | *     | **CO_ | **    | **    | *     | **N  |
| FI | TATE** | *VOC_ | *NOX_ | ANN** | PM10_ | PM25_ | *SOX_ | H3_A |
| PS |        | ANN** | ANN** |       | ANN** | ANN** | ANN** | NN** |
| ST |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ** |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 01 | A      | 43,6  | 28,7  | 360,4 | 3,4   | 3,1   | 3,1   | 58   |
|    | labama | 02.83 | 86.95 | 39.36 | 22.60 | 50.91 | 10.79 | 1.69 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 12 | F      | 188,8 | 86,8  | 1,    | 13,2  | 12,1  | 10,4  | 1,30 |
|    | lorida | 68.96 | 35.32 | 713,5 | 43.04 | 86.78 | 56.05 | 5.25 |
|    |        |       |       | 39.62 |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 13 | G      | 63,9  | 51,5  | 698,8 | 5,6   | 5,2   | 5,7   | 98   |
|    | eorgia | 27.85 | 21.66 | 68.77 | 78.55 | 27.63 | 49.47 | 9.31 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 21 | Ke     | 31,6  | 28,3  | 279,2 | 3,2   | 3,0   | 3,1   | 46   |
|    | ntucky | 62.34 | 50.32 | 83.79 | 74.35 | 14.06 | 27.88 | 3.74 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 28 | Missi  | 29,0  | 23,6  | 205,6 | 2,8   | 2,6   | 2,6   | 35   |
|    | ssippi | 37.96 | 71.70 | 64.64 | 77.28 | 48.40 | 68.55 | 9.21 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 37 | North  | 69,6  | 58,7  | 724,9 | 6,3   | 5,8   | 6,1   | 1,22 |
|    | Ca     | 71.36 | 42.13 | 08.46 | 00.02 | 00.72 | 96.92 | 3.82 |
|    | rolina |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 45 | South  | 39,3  | 26,3  | 363,1 | 3,1   | 2,8   | 2,8   | 50   |
|    | Ca     | 10.79 | 04.57 | 12.01 | 30.17 | 81.75 | 17.02 | 7.81 |
|    | rolina |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 47 | Ten    | 47,1  | 39,9  | 440,9 | 4,3   | 4,0   | 4,3   | 74   |
|    | nessee | 93.97 | 16.38 | 15.76 | 95.90 | 47.06 | 37.42 | 9.51 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 51 | Vi     | 55,4  | 41,0  | 585,8 | 4,8   | 4,4   | 4,6   | 62   |
|    | rginia | 59.80 | 82.63 | 50.58 | 87.90 | 99.09 | 77.52 | 7.60 |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 54 | West   | 13,9  | 9,5   | 113,7 | 1,0   | 9     | 1,1   | 17   |
|    | Vi     | 12.53 | 68.82 | 66.38 | 76.32 | 90.67 | 13.21 | 9.75 |
|    | rginia |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| ** |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| *P |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| er |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ce |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| nt |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| D  |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| if |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| fe |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| re |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| nc |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| e* |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ** |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| ** | **S    | *     | *     | **CO_ | **    | **    | *     | **N  |
| FI | TATE** | *VOC_ | *NOX_ | ANN** | PM10_ | PM25_ | *SOX_ | H3_A |
| PS |        | ANN** | ANN** |       | ANN** | ANN** | ANN** | NN** |
| ST |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
| ** |        |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 01 | A      | 2.06% | -     | 1.31% | -     | -     | -1    | -94  |
|    | labama |       | 0.53% |       | 3.38% | 3.38% | 2.26% | .51% |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 12 | F      | 8.80% | -     | 0.97% | -     | -     | -1    | -91  |
|    | lorida |       | 0.21% |       | 2.67% | 2.66% | 2.84% | .65% |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 13 | G      | 1.76% | -     | 0.92% | -     | -     | -1    | -94  |
|    | eorgia |       | 0.13% |       | 3.26% | 3.26% | 2.60% | .44% |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 21 | Ke     | 3.71% | -     | 1.51% | -     | -     | -1    | -93  |
|    | ntucky |       | 0.34% |       | 3.73% | 3.72% | 1.20% | .96% |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 28 | Missi  | 7.09% | -     | 1.05% | -     | -     | -1    | -93  |
|    | ssippi |       | 0.51% |       | 4.02% | 4.02% | 0.98% | .50% |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 37 | North  | 5.65% | -     | 1.32% | -     | -     | -1    | -94  |
|    | Ca     |       | 0.13% |       | 3.24% | 3.23% | 2.18% | .93% |
|    | rolina |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 45 | South  | 5.96% | -     | 1.00% | -     | -     | -1    | -94  |
|    | Ca     |       | 0.35% |       | 3.23% | 3.23% | 2.61% | .23% |
|    | rolina |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 47 | Ten    | 3.04% | -     | 1.26% | -     | -     | -1    | -94  |
|    | nessee |       | 0.21% |       | 3.53% | 3.53% | 2.16% | .50% |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 51 | Vi     | 2.73% | -     | 1.39% | -     | -     | -1    | -92  |
|    | rginia |       | 0.41% |       | 3.04% | 3.03% | 2.28% | .95% |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 54 | West   | 4.21% | -     | 1.66% | -     | -     | -1    | -94  |
|    | Vi     |       | 0.69% |       | 3.53% | 3.53% | 1.95% | .26% |
|    | rginia |       |       |       |       |       |       |      |
+----+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+

+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| ###  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| #### |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ## T |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| able |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
|  VI- |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| 7. S |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| umma |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ry o |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| f Dr |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| aft  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| 2002 |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
|  Oth |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| er N |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| onro |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ad\* |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
|  Emi |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ssio |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| n Es |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| tima |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| tes  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| by S |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| tate |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| ***  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| 2002 |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| D    |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| RAFT |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| VI   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| STAS |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| O    |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ther |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| Non  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| road |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| In   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| vent |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ory, |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| tp   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| y*** |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| **   | **      | *     | **NOX  | **CO   | **PM10 | **PM25 | **SO2  |
| FIPS | STATE** | *VOC_ | _ANN** | _ANN** | _ANN** | _ANN** | _ANN** |
| ST** |         | ANN** |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 01   | Alabama | 2,2   | 35,    | 8,     | 2,     | 1,     | 4,     |
|      |         | 86.81 | 731.80 | 473.33 | 196.87 | 850.82 | 799.75 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 12   | Florida | 5,5   | 66,    | 35,    | 48,    | 33,    | 8,     |
|      |         | 16.71 | 741.52 | 413.13 | 536.33 | 987.28 | 340.05 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 13   | Georgia | 1,6   | 35,    | 6,     | 4,     | 3,     | 2,     |
|      |         | 57.99 | 599.76 | 865.94 | 917.40 | 609.14 | 889.06 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 21   | K       | 2,6   | 72,    | 11,    | 5,     | 4,     | 10,    |
|      | entucky | 99.92 | 735.57 | 440.23 | 385.61 | 346.83 | 992.91 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 28   | Miss    | 2,3   | 66,    | 9,     | 3,     | 2,     | 9,     |
|      | issippi | 45.96 | 640.48 | 582.89 | 033.69 | 652.14 | 161.66 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 37   | North   | 1,4   | 22,    | 8,     | 6,     | 4,     | 1,     |
|      | C       | 09.01 | 596.53 | 325.56 | 718.49 | 766.12 | 838.68 |
|      | arolina |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 45   | South   | 1,5   | 20,    | 8,     | 1,     | 889.24 | 2,     |
|      | C       | 78.34 | 304.80 | 732.26 | 086.01 |        | 002.78 |
|      | arolina |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 47   | Te      | 3,7   | 78,    | 15,    | 10,    | 7,     | 8,     |
|      | nnessee | 06.17 | 855.60 | 514.17 | 486.01 | 787.92 | 667.84 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 51   | V       | 4,6   | 28,    | 20,    | 16,    | 12,    | 6,     |
|      | irginia | 81.39 | 753.43 | 938.22 | 840.30 | 134.84 | 965.04 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 54   | West    | 9     | 27,    | 4,     | 1,     | 1,     | 1,     |
|      | V       | 98.41 | 110.49 | 376.64 | 254.86 | 077.93 | 408.05 |
|      | irginia |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| ***  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| 1999 |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| O    |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ther |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| Non  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| road |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| NEI  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| Ver  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| sion |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| 2,   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| tp   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| y*** |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| **   | **      | *     | **NOX  | **CO   | **PM10 | **PM25 | **SO2  |
| FIPS | STATE** | *VOC_ | _ANN** | _ANN** | _ANN** | _ANN** | _ANN** |
| ST** |         | ANN** |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 01   | Alabama | 7,3   | 152,   | 25,    | 1,     | 1,     | 3,     |
|      |         | 09.83 | 338.93 | 075.50 | 315.93 | 176.15 | 854.54 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 12   | Florida | 3,9   | 56,    | 25,    | 2,     | 1,     | 6,     |
|      |         | 45.18 | 197.72 | 350.10 | 110.74 | 881.95 | 878.28 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 13   | Georgia | 2,5   | 39,    | 12,    | 1,     | 953.43 | 3,     |
|      |         | 94.07 | 245.14 | 198.09 | 072.08 |        | 070.41 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 21   | K       | 2,6   | 62,    | 12,    | 2,     | 2,     | 8,     |
|      | entucky | 76.93 | 930.31 | 388.06 | 370.31 | 153.93 | 965.67 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 28   | Miss    | 1,7   | 48,    | 8,     | 1,     | 1,     | 7,     |
|      | issippi | 55.99 | 927.22 | 072.51 | 917.16 | 747.89 | 051.91 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 37   | North   | 1,4   | 17,    | 8,     | 540.09 | 470.85 | 1,     |
|      | C       | 47.95 | 999.44 | 739.21 |        |        | 508.40 |
|      | arolina |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 45   | South   | 2,4   | 18,    | 13,    | 561.99 | 503.60 | 1,     |
|      | C       | 70.03 | 034.10 | 291.47 |        |        | 858.19 |
|      | arolina |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 47   | Te      | 2,4   | 51,    | 11,    | 1,     | 1,     | 6,     |
|      | nnessee | 26.97 | 133.47 | 127.02 | 786.06 | 616.72 | 266.91 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 51   | V       | 2,6   | 51,    | 13,    | 1,     | 1,     | 4,     |
|      | irginia | 82.78 | 592.64 | 083.30 | 632.38 | 462.82 | 769.97 |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 54   | West    | 1,1   | 30,    | 4,     | 1,     | 1,     | 4,     |
|      | V       | 33.03 | 991.75 | 858.71 | 151.55 | 048.38 | 097.15 |
|      | irginia |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| **   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| *Per |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| cent |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| D    |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| iffe |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| renc |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| e*** |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| **   | **      | *     | **NOX  | **CO   | **PM10 | **PM25 | **SO2  |
| FIPS | STATE** | *VOC_ | _ANN** | _ANN** | _ANN** | _ANN** | _ANN** |
| ST** |         | ANN** |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 01   | Alabama | -69%  | -77%   | -66%   | 67%    | 57%    | 25%    |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 12   | Florida | 40%   | 19%    | 40%    | 2199%  | 1706%  | 21%    |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 13   | Georgia | -36%  | -9%    | -44%   | 359%   | 279%   | -6%    |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 21   | K       | 1%    | 16%    | -8%    | 127%   | 102%   | 23%    |
|      | entucky |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 28   | Miss    | 34%   | 36%    | 19%    | 58%    | 52%    | 30%    |
|      | issippi |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 37   | North   | -3%   | 26%    | -5%    | 1144%  | 912%   | 22%    |
|      | C       |       |        |        |        |        |        |
|      | arolina |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 45   | South   | -36%  | 13%    | -34%   | 93%    | 77%    | 8%     |
|      | C       |       |        |        |        |        |        |
|      | arolina |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 47   | Te      | 53%   | 54%    | 39%    | 487%   | 382%   | 38%    |
|      | nnessee |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 51   | V       | 74%   | -44%   | 60%    | 932%   | 730%   | 46%    |
|      | irginia |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 54   | West    | -12%  | -13%   | -10%   | 9%     | 3%     | -66%   |
|      | V       |       |        |        |        |        |        |
|      | irginia |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| \*   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| Incl |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| udes |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| e    |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| miss |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ions |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| from |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| a    |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ircr |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| aft, |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| co   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| mmer |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| cial |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| ma   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| rine |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| and  |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| lo   |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| como |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| tive |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
| SCCs |         |       |        |        |        |        |        |
+------+---------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

# VII. Observations and Recommendations for Improvement

This chapter lists several areas where the onroad and nonroad emission
inventories could be improved. Some of these improvements require a long
lead-time for the States and would not likely be available for the final
2002 VISTAS modeling, but could improve future State and regional
inventory efforts.

## A. onRoad sector improvements

In the onroad sector, significant improvements have been made to the
inventory due to the State and local agencies providing 2002 VMT data by
county and roadway type. For this February 2004 version of the VISTAS
onroad inventory, only the Virginia VMT were projected by Pechan. It is
anticipated that this States will be able to provide 2002 VMT data for
use in the next revision of the inventory.

Local registration distribution data were provided by fewer than half of
the VISTAS States. In many cases, registration data can be obtained from
State Departments of Motor Vehicles. States that do not already do so
should request a download of the data summarizing registrations by model
year and vehicle class from their appropriate motor vehicle agency.
Although it is probably too late in many cases to obtain 2002 data, 2003
registration data could be used with some adjustments in developing the
2002 emission inventories. Registration data will become even more
important as VISTAS prepares to project a 2018 onroad emission
inventory, since the 2018 projections will be affected by the number of
vehicles that are subject to the Tier 2 emission standards and the new
heavy duty vehicle standards. The registration distributions directly
determine the proportion of vehicles subject to these new emission
standards.

A relatively small amount of data was obtained regarding the
distribution of VMT by season or month. Many State Departments of
Transportation collect data that could be used to better distribute VMT
by season or month. States should check to see what is available. These
distributions will affect the episodic modeling that will be conducted
by VISTAS. Pechan is currently performing a VMT scoping study for VISTAS
to determine what data are available for better allocating VMT and
emissions by month, day, and hour. These temporal improvements are
expected to be incorporated into the next update of the VISTAS onroad
emission inventory.

Due to the direct relationship between the VMT mix by vehicle type and
the overall emissions, States should investigate potential sources of
information for this data to replace the default data used here in most
States.

EPA is currently in the process of preparing guidance on estimating
emissions from heavy duty vehicles during long-term idling (sometimes
referred to as hotelling). While these emissions are theoretically
included in the MOBILE6 HDDV emission factors, they are not currently
accounted for in the appropriate locations. For example, these emissions
would typically occur at rest stops, trucking centers, and warehouse and
distribution centers. With the current modeling, these emissions are
spread over all counties, based on the VMT traveled by HDDVs in each
county. If significant sources of truck idling emissions occur in or
near Class I areas, the current modeling may be underestimating the
effect of these emissions. If States are able to obtain data on the
locations and utilization of truck rest stops, some of this emissions
effect could be more appropriately accounted for in future versions of
VISTAS modeling.

## B. NonRoad sector improvements

NH~3~ emissions for aircraft, commercial marine and locomotives are
still reported as zero. As a result of recent communications with OTAQ,
Pechan would suggest applying the updated nonroad diesel NH~3~ emission
factors used for the NONROAD model categories to activity data for
commercial marine vessels and locomotives. To develop ammonia from
commercial marine vessels and locomotives, Pechan would need to obtain
or compile the county-level fuel consumption estimates used as the basis
for 1999 emissions for these categories to use as the activity data for
calculating updated NH~3~ emissions. The presence of State or local data
in the 1999 NEI does not allow for this to be determined easily by
backing out the reported emission factors, and in some cases (e.g.,
diesel commercial marine), actual emissions (instead of activity) were
obtained at a national level and allocated to counties (EPA, 2002).
Alternatively, Pechan could use county level fuel consumption estimates
developed for these categories for 2000 or 2001. These activity data
were used by Pechan to estimate dioxin/furan emission estimates for the
2000 and 2001 NEI. Pechan could normalize the 2000 or 2001 county
distribution to national level fuel consumption estimates for 1999. Due
to the characteristics of aircraft jet and piston engines, Pechan does
not recommend estimating aircraft NH~3~ emissions using the available
NH~3~ emission factors.

# VIII. References

EPA, 1989: "Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV:
Mobile Sources." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile
Sources and Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA
450/4-81-026d (Revised). July 1989.

EPA, 2002. "Documentation for Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessel,
Locomotive, and Other Nonroad Components of the National Emissions
Inventory," prepared by Eastern Research Group, Morrisville, NC for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. September 30, 2002.

Harvey, 1983. Craig Harvey, et al. "A Study of the Potential Impact of
Some Unregulated Motor Vehicle Emissions.," SAE Paper 830987. June 1983.

Harvey, 2003. C. Harvey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Transportation and Air Quality, e-mail entitled "NH3 Emission Updates,"
sent to K. Thesing, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. June 30, 2003.

USACE, 2000: *Waterborne Commerce of the United States, Calendar Year
1999*, IWR-WCUS-99-2 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2000.

USACE, 2003: U.S. Waterways Data, Port and Waterway Facilities, \[Data
file\]. Accessed from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
<http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/ndc/data/datapwd.htm> on December 12,
2003.