+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Local Term        | Definition                                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Acupuncturists    | Acupuncturists use acupuncture (the insertion of |
|                   | needles at specific points on the body) to       |
|                   | promote health and well-being, treat disease,    |
|                   | and prevent illness. (UNC)                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Adult Day Care    | Community-based, non-residential group programs  |
| Services          | designed to meet the needs of functionally       |
|                   | and/or cognitively impaired adults. See also     |
|                   | Senior Centers. (UNC)                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Advocacy Services | Services that promote and support consumers'     |
|                   | rights and interests. Patient advocacy programs, |
|                   | sometimes called ombudsman programs, are         |
|                   | included. Patient advocacy programs promote and  |
|                   | protect the rights of patients, frequently       |
|                   | through a legal process. (MeSH)                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Alcohol Abuse     | Residential and non-residential treatment        |
| Programs          | programs for alcohol abusers and their families. |
|                   | See also DWI Counseling Services (UNC).          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Alexander         | Alexander Technique programs help clients change |
| Technique         | their everyday movements to release harmful      |
| Programs          | tension in their bodies. Most Alexander          |
|                   | Technique teachers have completed a three-year   |
|                   | full time training course. (UNC)                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Allergists        | Allergists provide patient care to children and  |
|                   | adults in the specialty of Allergy and           |
|                   | Immunology. Board-certified                      |
|                   | allergists/immunologists are specialists         |
|                   | certified by the American Board of Internal      |
|                   | Medicine (ABIM) and/or the American Board of     |
|                   | Pediatrics (ABP) following 3 years of            |
|                   | post-graduate accredited training. Allergists    |
|                   | treat hypersensitivity to substances.(American   |
|                   | Board of Medical Specialties)                    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Ambulatory Care   | Facilities which administer a variety of health  |
| Centers           | services including outpatient procedures and     |
|                   | surgery, to individuals who do not require       |
|                   | hospitalization or institutionalization.         |
|                   | Includes urgent care centers. (UNC)              |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Anesthesiologists | Board Certified anesthesiologists are physicians |
|                   | who provide medical management and consultation  |
|                   | during the perioperative period. They are        |
|                   | diplomates of the American Board of              |
|                   | Anesthesiology. Anesthesiologists provide pain   |
|                   | relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a     |
|                   | stable condition during and immediately          |
|                   | following an operation, an obstetric or          |
|                   | diagnostic procedure. Anesthesiologists provide  |
|                   | medical management and consultation in pain      |
|                   | management and critical care medicine. (American |
|                   | Board of Anesthesiology and UNC)                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Aromatherapy      | Aromatherapy programs involve the use of         |
| Programs          | essential oils (extracts or essences) from       |
|                   | flowers, herbs, and trees to promote health and  |
|                   | well-being. (NCCAM)                              |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Art Therapy       | Art Therapy Programs use art as an adjunctive    |
| Programs          | therapy in the treatment of neurological,        |
|                   | mental, or behavioral disorders. Many art        |
|                   | therapists are also licensed therapists or       |
|                   | counselors. (MeSH and UNC)                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Assisted Living   | A housing and health care alternative combining  |
| Facilities        | independence with personal care. It provides a   |
|                   | combination of housing, personalized supportive  |
|                   | services and health care designed to meet the    |
|                   | needs, both scheduled and unscheduled, of those  |
|                   | who need help with activities of daily living.   |
|                   | (Assisted Living Foundation of America.) See     |
|                   | also Group Homes and Nursing Homes.              |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Assisted          | Programs for helping couples who are unable to   |
| Reproduction      | conceive by other methods. Assisted Reproductive |
| Programs          | Technology (ART) includes in vitro               |
|                   | fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), gamete   |
|                   | intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote           |
|                   | intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), tubal embryo     |
|                   | transfer (TET), and frozen embryo transfer       |
|                   | (FET). These techniques also apply to oocyte     |
|                   | donation and gestational carriers. (from the     |
|                   | Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology)    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Audiologists      | An audiologist is a professional who diagnoses,  |
|                   | treats, and manages individuals with hearing     |
|                   | loss or balance problems, using a variety of     |
|                   | specialized auditory and vestibular assessments. |
|                   | Audiologists have received a Master\'s or        |
|                   | Doctorial degree from an accredited university   |
|                   | graduate program. (American Academy of           |
|                   | Audiology)                                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Ayurveda Programs | Ayurveda programs use an alternative medical     |
|                   | system that has been practiced primarily in the  |
|                   | Indian subcontinent for 5,000 years. Ayurveda    |
|                   | includes diet and herbal remedies and emphasizes |
|                   | the use of body, mind, and spirit in disease     |
|                   | prevention and treatment. (NCCAM)                |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Bilingual         | Includes translation and interpretation services |
| Services          | for or in languages other than English.          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Biofeedback       | Biofeedback Programs help patients use           |
| Programs          | biofeedback information (biological functions    |
|                   | such as skin temperature, heart rate, sweat      |
|                   | gland activity, and brainwave activity) to gain  |
|                   | voluntary control over processes or functions    |
|                   | which are primarily under autonomic control.     |
|                   | (UNC)                                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Birth Centers     | Free-standing facilities or hospital units that  |
|                   | provide prenatal, childbirth, and postnatal care |
|                   | and usually incorporate family-centered          |
|                   | maternity care concepts and practices. Birth     |
|                   | centers are accredited by the Commission for the |
|                   | Accreditation of Birth Centers (CABC).           |
|                   | Currently, 37 states regulate the licensure of   |
|                   | birth centers. (UNC and Nemours)                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Blood Banks       | Facilities that collect donated blood including  |
|                   | bloodmobiles, community blood centers and        |
|                   | hospital-based donor centers. (UNC)              |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Breastfeeding     | Specialists in lactation management who          |
| Consultants       | possesses the necessary skills, knowledge and    |
|                   | attitudes to provide substantive breastfeeding   |
|                   | assistance and skilled technical management of   |
|                   | lactation-related problems. The lactation        |
|                   | consultant works to prevent and solve            |
|                   | breastfeeding problems and to encourage a social |
|                   | environment that effectively supports            |
|                   | breastfeeding families. (IBCLC).                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Cancer Clinics    | Institutions specializing in the care of cancer  |
|                   | patients. (UNC)                                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Cardiologists     | Internist subspecialists who provide             |
|                   | comprehensive care to patients with              |
|                   | cardiovascular problems by selecting,            |
|                   | performing, and evaluating the structural and    |
|                   | functional assessment of the heart and blood     |
|                   | vessels.                                         |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Case Management   | A traditional term for all the activities which  |
|                   | a physician or other health care professional    |
|                   | normally performs to insure the coordination of  |
|                   | the medical services required by a patient. It   |
|                   | also, when used in connection with managed care, |
|                   | covers all the activities of evaluating the      |
|                   | patient, planning treatment, referral, and       |
|                   | follow-up so that care is continuous and         |
|                   | comprehensive and payment for the care is        |
|                   | obtained. (MeSH)                                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Child Care        | Programs and services which provide referral to  |
| Resource/Referral | or coordination of child day care services.      |
|                   | (UNC)                                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Child Day Care    | Generally state-licensed services that provide   |
| Services          | day care for more than twelve children during    |
|                   | some portion of a twenty-four hour day. Staff    |
|                   | for approved day care centers must meet defined  |
|                   | educational requirements; the program must       |
|                   | ensure specified adult/child ratios; and the     |
|                   | facility must meet building, fire and zoning     |
|                   | codes. Services may include recreational and     |
|                   | developmental activities. (modified from AIRS    |
|                   | taxonomy.)                                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Childbirth        | Provide informational and educational classes on |
| Educators/Coaches | relaxation, comfort measures, and breathing      |
|                   | techniques for expectant parents. Educators also |
|                   | provide information on birth options and         |
|                   | encourage students to be as knowledgeable as     |
|                   | possible. Medical advice is not given, referrals |
|                   | to appropriate studies and published books are   |
|                   | within the childbirth educators' scope. (CBE,    |
|                   | LCCE) (UNC)                                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Chiropractors     | Chiropractors use an alternative medical system  |
|                   | that focuses on the relationship between bodily  |
|                   | structure (primarily that of the spine) and      |
|                   | function, and how that relationship affects the  |
|                   | preservation and restoration of health.          |
|                   | Chiropractors use manipulative therapy as an     |
|                   | integral treatment tool. (NCCAM)                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Clinical Social   | Clinical social work is a practice specialty of  |
| Workers           | the social work profession. Clinical social work |
|                   | interventions include, but are not limited to    |
|                   | assessment and diagnosis, crisis intervention,   |
|                   | psychosocial and psychoeducational interventions |
|                   | and brief and long-term psychotherapies. Must be |
|                   | licensed by the NC Social Work Certification     |
|                   | Board (LCSW). From the American Board of         |
|                   | Examiners in Clinical Social Work.               |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Clinical Trials   | Pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or  |
|                   | optimum dosage schedule of one or more           |
|                   | diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs,  |
|                   | devices, or techniques selected according to     |
|                   | predetermined criteria of eligibility and        |
|                   | observed for predefined evidence of favorable    |
|                   | and unfavorable effects. (MeSH)                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Clinics           | A public or private facility usually devoted to  |
|                   | a particular group of diseases (e.g.: diabetic   |
|                   | clinic, fracture clinic, etc.); at which         |
|                   | treatment, diagnosis, or advice is available.    |
|                   | May also offer non-specialized treatment. See    |
|                   | also Ambulatory Care Centers.                    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Community Clinics | Private, nonprofit outpatient facilities, many   |
|                   | previously known as free clinics, that have been |
|                   | established by the community rather than a       |
|                   | hospital and which provide basic medical care    |
|                   | including physical examinations, immunizations,  |
|                   | family planning, nutrition assistance and        |
|                   | diagnosis and treatment of common ailments.      |
|                   | Services are provided on an ability-to-pay basis |
|                   | and target low-income and indigent residents of  |
|                   | the community. This term is used for Community   |
|                   | Health Clinics, Free Clinics, and Low-Cost       |
|                   | Outpatient Clinics. (AIRS)                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Coun              | Practitioners giving of advice and assistance to |
| selors/Therapists | individuals with educational or personal         |
|                   | problems. Are not permitted to prescribe         |
|                   | medications. May be certified by the National    |
|                   | Board for Certified Counselors. (MeSH)           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Dance Therapy     | Dance/Movement Therapy Programs use movement as  |
| Programs          | a psychotherapeutic process which furthers the   |
|                   | emotional, social, cognitive, and physical       |
|                   | integration of the individual. Dance/Movement    |
|                   | Therapists are graduates of masters degree       |
|                   | programs that integrate dancers\' special        |
|                   | knowledge of body, movement and expressive       |
|                   | spirit with the healing skills of counseling,    |
|                   | psychotherapy and rehabilitation. (American      |
|                   | Dance Therapy Association.)                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Dentists          | Dentists are doctors with a DDS or DMD degree    |
|                   | who detect, diagnose, and treat problems         |
|                   | affecting the teeth, gums, tongue, lips and jaw. |
|                   | Oral surgeons are a type of dentist with a       |
|                   | surgery specialization.                          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Dermatologists    | A dermatologist is a physician who is trained to |
|                   | evaluate and manage pediatric and adult patients |
|                   | with benign and malignant disorders of the skin, |
|                   | hair, nails and adjacent mucous membranes.       |
|                   | Dermatologists also manage cosmetic disorders of |
|                   | the skin, including hair loss, scars, and the    |
|                   | skin changes associated with aging. (American    |
|                   | Board of Dermatology)                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Dialysis Services | Centers and programs which provide standardized  |
|                   | dialysis treatment to patients. May be in done   |
|                   | in a hospital, clinic or other healthcare        |
|                   | setting.                                         |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Dietiti           | Registered Dietitians (RDs) have completed       |
| ans/Nutritionists | academic and experience requirements established |
|                   | by the Commission on Dietetic Registration       |
|                   | (CDR), the credentialing agency of the American  |
|                   | Dietetic Association, including a minimum of a   |
|                   | bachelor\'s degree from an accredited            |
|                   | college/university, and an accredited            |
|                   | preprofessional experience program. Some RDs     |
|                   | hold additional certifications in specialized    |
|                   | areas of practice, such as pediatric or renal    |
|                   | nutrition, nutrition support and diabetes        |
|                   | education. (American Dietetic Association.)      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Disability        | These programs and services address or provide   |
| Programs          | prevention, diagnosis, early intervention,       |
|                   | therapy, education, and training to assist the   |
|                   | disabled reach maximum potential through         |
|                   | increased independence, productivity, and        |
|                   | community integration. Disabilities are          |
|                   | attributable to mental and/or physical           |
|                   | impairment, and are likely to continue           |
|                   | indefinitely. See also Sheltered Workshops.(UNC) |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Drug Abuse        | Residential and non-residential facilities or    |
| Treatment         | programs providing therapy and/or rehabilitation |
| Centers/Programs  | for substance-dependent individuals. Methadone   |
|                   | distribution centers are included.               |
|                   | \"Substance-dependence\" includes narcotic       |
|                   | addictions such as cocaine, heroin, etc. and     |
|                   | prescription drug abuse such as Morphine,        |
|                   | Codeine, Valium, Xanax or Ritalin. See also:     |
|                   | Alcohol Abuse Programs, Smoking Cessation        |
|                   | Programs. (UNC)                                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Drug Testing      | Programs that administer urine tests or utilize  |
|                   | other screening techniques to determine whether  |
|                   | an individual has an illegal drug in his or her  |
|                   | system and to identify the drug involved. (AIRS  |
|                   | vocabulary)                                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| DWI Counseling    | Programs consisting of an initial evaluation     |
| Services          | followed by a series of therapy sessions         |
|                   | designed to encourage reflection on drinking     |
|                   | patterns and make the necessary changes to avoid |
|                   | continued problems in the future. There is also  |
|                   | a strong educational component that is designed  |
|                   | to help the client learn about the actual        |
|                   | disease component of alcoholism. May be court    |
|                   | ordered. See also Alcohol Abuse Programs. (UNC)  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Ear/ Nose/Throat  | Otolaryngologists are physicians trained in the  |
| Specialists       | medical and surgical management and treatment of |
|                   | patients with diseases and disorders of the ear, |
|                   | nose, throat (ENT), and related structures of    |
|                   | the head and neck. They are commonly referred to |
|                   | as ENT physicians. Their special skills include  |
|                   | diagnosing and managing diseases of the sinuses, |
|                   | larynx (voice box), oral cavity, and upper       |
|                   | pharynx (mouth and throat), as well as           |
|                   | structures of the neck and face.                 |
|                   | Otolaryngologists diagnose, treat, and manage    |
|                   | specialty-specific disorders as well as many     |
|                   | primary care problems in both children and       |
|                   | adults. (American Board of Otolaryngology.)      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Emergency Medical | Services specifically designed for the           |
| Services          | out-of-hospital care and transport of acutely    |
|                   | ill or injured patients to appropriate health    |
|                   | care settings. Emergency departments in          |
|                   | hospitals can go here.                           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Endocrinologists  | Internists who concentrate on disorders of the   |
|                   | endocrine (hormone-producing) glands. Examples   |
|                   | include diabetes, pituitary, and adrenal gland   |
|                   | disorders.                                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Exercise/Fitness  | Physical fitness is a state of well-being in     |
| Programs          | which performance is optimal, often as a result  |
|                   | of physical conditioning which may be prescribed |
|                   | for disease therapy. Exercise therapy, motion of |
|                   | the body or its parts to relieve symptoms or to  |
|                   | improve function, may be prescribed to achieve   |
|                   | fitness. See also Physical Rehabilitation        |
|                   | Programs. (MeSH)                                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Faith Based       | Mental health, substance abuse treatment,        |
| Programs          | charitable, and other health related programs    |
|                   | supported by congregations and other faith       |
|                   | communities. Programs may or may not be related  |
|                   | to the religious doctrines of the sponsoring     |
|                   | faith organization. A food pantry sponsored by a |
|                   | church, for example, will likely have no direct  |
|                   | link to the church doctrine, but may be related  |
|                   | to the church\'s mission to serve the citizens   |
|                   | of its community. (UNC)                          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Family Physicians | Family practice is the medical specialty which   |
|                   | provides continuing and comprehensive health     |
|                   | care for the individual and the family. It is    |
|                   | the specialty in breadth which integrates the    |
|                   | biological, clinical and behavioral sciences.    |
|                   | The scope of family practice encompasses all     |
|                   | ages, both sexes, each organ system and every    |
|                   | disease entity. Family Physicians are board      |
|                   | certified and considered generalists or Primary  |
|                   | Care Physicians. Family Care Physicians often    |
|                   | provide pediatric as well as adult care. Some    |
|                   | provide obstetrical and gynecological care.      |
|                   | (AAFP, UNC)                                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Family Planning   | Programs or services designed to assist in       |
| Services          | controlling reproduction by either improving or  |
|                   | diminishing fertility. These services may        |
|                   | provide all methods of birth control including   |
|                   | surgery and natural methods. See also Pregnancy  |
|                   | Termination Services. (UNC)                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| First Aid         | Programs designed to teach first aid or other    |
| Instruction       | immediate intervention for accidents or medical  |
| Programs          | conditions requiring immediate care and          |
|                   | treatment before definitive medical and surgical |
|                   | management can be procured. Example would be     |
|                   | CPR. (MeSH)                                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Food Programs     | Those programs which attempt to guarantee access |
|                   | at all times to enough food for an active,       |
|                   | healthy life to those who might otherwise suffer |
|                   | from under nutrition. Examples include food      |
|                   | banks and WIC. (UNC)                             |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Ga                | Subspecialty of internal medicine.               |
| stroenterologists | Gastroenterologists specialize in the diagnosis  |
|                   | and treatment of diseases of the digestive       |
|                   | organs including the stomach, bowels, liver, and |
|                   | gallbladder and perform complex diagnostic and   |
|                   | therapeutic procedures using endoscopes to see   |
|                   | internal organs.                                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Genetic           | Advise families of the risks involved pertaining |
| Counselors        | to birth defects, in order that they may make an |
|                   | informed decision on current or future           |
|                   | pregnancies. Should be certified by the American |
|                   | Board of Genetic Counseling (ABCG). Genetic      |
|                   | counselors are health professionals with         |
|                   | specialized graduate degrees and experience in   |
|                   | the areas of medical genetics and counseling.    |
|                   | Most enter the field from a variety of           |
|                   | disciplines, including biology, genetics,        |
|                   | nursing, psychology, public health and social    |
|                   | work. (American Society of Genetic Counselors.)  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Geriatricians     | Certified internists who provide care to the     |
|                   | elderly. The Geriatric Medicine Certification    |
|                   | Program, jointly developed by the American Board |
|                   | of Internal Medicine and the American Board of   |
|                   | Family Practice, is designed to recognize        |
|                   | excellence among physicians who provide care to  |
|                   | the elderly. (American Board of Internal         |
|                   | Medicine.) Sometimes called Gerontologists, but  |
|                   | gerontologists have Masters degree or PhD; not   |
|                   | physicians. (Gerontological Society of North     |
|                   | America.)                                        |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Group Homes       | Housing for groups of patients, children, or     |
|                   | others who need or desire emotional or physical  |
|                   | support. They are usually established as         |
|                   | planned, single housekeeping units in            |
|                   | residential dwellings that provide care and      |
|                   | supervision for small groups of residents, who,  |
|                   | although unrelated, live together as a family.   |
|                   | See also Assisted Living Facilities and Nursing  |
|                   | Homes. (UNC)                                     |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Gynecologists     | Gynecologists possess special knowledge, skills  |
|                   | and professional capability in the medical and   |
|                   | surgical care of the female reproductive system  |
|                   | and associated disorders. They serve as          |
|                   | consultants to other physicians, and as primary  |
|                   | physicians for women. (UNC)                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Health Care       | Expendable and nonexpendable equipment,          |
| E                 | supplies, apparatus, and instruments that are    |
| quipment/Supplies | used in diagnostic and therapeutic care.         |
|                   | Examples include wigs, walkers, home oxygen      |
|                   | tanks, diabetic testing supplies etc. (UNC)      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Health Education  | Education, classes or health promotion           |
| Programs          | activities that increase the awareness and       |
|                   | favorably influence the attitudes and knowledge  |
|                   | relating to the improvement of health on a       |
|                   | personal or community basis. (UNC)               |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Health Forms      | Includes official certificates, documents,       |
|                   | applications, or other legal paperwork. Examples |
|                   | include consent forms, advance directives,       |
|                   | living wills, emergency medical information      |
|                   | forms (for contacts, recording of allergies,     |
|                   | etc.), personal health records, organ donation   |
|                   | forms, power of attorney forms. (AIRS and UNC).  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Health Insurance  | Includes health insurance plans providing        |
| Programs          | coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care  |
|                   | costs; managed care plans such as health         |
|                   | maintenance organizations, preferred provider    |
|                   | organizations, etc.; Medicare and Medicaid.      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Health Screening  | Procedures, and tests performed by a variety of  |
|                   | providers in a variety of settings to diagnose   |
|                   | or prevent disease, disordered function, or      |
|                   | disability. Examples include mammograms and      |
|                   | cholesterol screenings.                          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Health Statistics | Resources dealing with collecting, summarizing,  |
|                   | and analyzing health related data. The term is   |
|                   | also applied to the data themselves and to the   |
|                   | summarization of the data. (UNC)                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Hematologists     | A hematologist is a subspecialist internist with |
|                   | additional training who specializes in diseases  |
|                   | of the blood, spleen and lymph glands. This      |
|                   | specialist treats conditions such as anemia,     |
|                   | clotting disorders, sickle cell disease,         |
|                   | hemophilia, leukemia and lymphoma. From the      |
|                   | American Board of Medical Specialties.           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Herbal Medicine   | Herbalists use medicines derived from botanical  |
| Programs          | sources to treat a variety of medical conditions |
|                   | and symptoms. (UNC)                              |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Home Health Care  | Community health and nursing services providing  |
| Services          | coordinated multiple service home care to the    |
|                   | patient. Home-offered services are provided by a |
|                   | visiting nurse, home health agencies, hospitals, |
|                   | or organized community groups using professional |
|                   | staff for care delivery. See also Hospice Care   |
|                   | and Respite Services. (UNC)                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Homeopathy        | Programs that provide homeopathic medicine. In   |
| Programs          | homeopathic medicine, there is a belief that     |
|                   | \"like cures like\" meaning that small, highly   |
|                   | diluted quantities of medicinal substances are   |
|                   | given to cure symptoms, when the same substances |
|                   | given at higher or more concentrated doses would |
|                   | actually cause those symptoms. (NCCAM)           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Hospice Care      | The hospice philosophy recognizes death as the   |
| Services          | final stage of life and seeks to enable patients |
|                   | to continue an alert, pain-free life and to      |
|                   | manage other symptoms so that their last days    |
|                   | may be spent with dignity and quality,           |
|                   | surrounded by their loved ones. Hospice affirms  |
|                   | life and neither hastens nor postpones death.    |
|                   | Hospice care treats the person rather than the   |
|                   | disease; it emphasizes quality rather than       |
|                   | length of life. It provides family-centered care |
|                   | involving the patient and family in making       |
|                   | decisions. Care is provided for the patient and  |
|                   | family 24 hours-a-day and 7 days-a-week. Hospice |
|                   | care can be given in the patient\'s home, a      |
|                   | hospital, nursing home, or private hospice       |
|                   | facility. See also Home Health Care Services and |
|                   | Respite Services. (American Cancer Society)      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Hospitals         | Institutions with an organized medical staff     |
|                   | which provide medical care to patients. Use also |
|                   | for hospital departments which are devoted to a  |
|                   | particular disease or condition, i.e. cardiology |
|                   | or gastroenterology. (UNC)                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Hotlines/Crisis   | A hotline is a direct communication system,      |
| Services          | usually telephone, established for instant       |
|                   | contact. Trained personnel provide special       |
|                   | information and assistance including counseling  |
|                   | and referrals during emergencies such as         |
|                   | poisonings and threatened suicides. Crisis       |
|                   | services are twenty-four hour, seven day a week  |
|                   | emergency programs that provide emergency mental |
|                   | health/substance abuse services when usual       |
|                   | coping mechanisms break down and urgent          |
|                   | assessment and intervention are required.        |
|                   | Consider also Referral Services, which should be |
|                   | used for non-urgent phone information and        |
|                   | referral. (UNC)                                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Humor Therapy     | Humor therapy programs use humor and laughter    |
| Programs          | therapeutically to improve emotional well being  |
|                   | in order to facilitate improvement in health.    |
|                   | (MeSH)                                           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Hypnotherapy      | Hypnosis is the application of hypnotherapy for  |
| Programs          | both psychological and physical disorders.       |
|                   | Hypnosis can facilitate changes in respiration   |
|                   | and relaxation on the part of the client to      |
|                   | create positive shifts in behavior and an        |
|                   | enhanced well-being.(UNC)                        |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Immigrant and     | Programs designed specifically to address the    |
| Refugee Health    | health needs of immigrants\--persons who have    |
| Programs          | left their native country to establish permanent |
|                   | residence in another country, and                |
|                   | refugees\--persons fleeing to a place of safety  |
|                   | from a foreign country to escape danger or       |
|                   | persecution. A separate term exists for Migrant  |
|                   | Farm Worker Health Programs, for short-term      |
|                   | residents who move in order to find work. (MeSH  |
|                   | and Webster's)                                   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Immunization      | Programs and services providing immunizations    |
| Programs          | and vaccinations to children and adults. (UNC)   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Immunologists     | Immunologists specialize in the treatment of     |
|                   | disorders caused by defective responses of the   |
|                   | body\'s immune system. Board-certified           |
|                   | allergists/immunologists are specialists         |
|                   | certified by the American Board of Internal      |
|                   | Medicine (ABIM) and/or the American Board of     |
|                   | Pediatrics (ABP) following 3 years of            |
|                   | post-graduate accredited training. (American     |
|                   | Board of Internal Medicine)                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Indian Health     | Clinics serving Native Americans (American       |
| Service Clinics   | Indians and Alaska natives) operated by the      |
|                   | Indian Health Service, a federal health program  |
|                   | that is part of the Department of Health and     |
|                   | Human Services.                                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Indian Health     | Hospitals serving Native Americans (American     |
| Service Hospitals | Indians and Alaska natives) operated by the      |
|                   | Indian Health Service, a federal health program  |
|                   | that is part of the Department of Health and     |
|                   | Human Services.                                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Infectious        | An Infectious Disease Specialist is an internist |
| Disease           | who deals with infectious diseases of all types  |
| Specialists       | and in all organs. This physician often          |
|                   | diagnoses and treats AIDS patients and patients  |
|                   | with unexplained fevers. Infectious Disease      |
|                   | Specialists may also have expertise in           |
|                   | preventive medicine and conditions associated    |
|                   | with travel. From the American Board of Medical  |
|                   | Specialties.                                     |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Infusion Therapy  | Services that provide intravenous administration |
| Services          | of medications and nutrition, including fluid    |
|                   | replacements, chemotherapy, and antibiotics. May |
|                   | be done at home or on an ambulatory or           |
|                   | outpatient basis.                                |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Inspection        | Inspection Services are normally conducted by    |
| Services          | health departments and other agencies to ensure  |
|                   | that health facilities such as Nursing Homes or  |
|                   | Assisted Care Facilities meet prescribed         |
|                   | standards. Also use this term for food,          |
|                   | restaurant, environmental, well water and        |
|                   | occupational health inspections. (UNC)           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Internists        | Medical specialists concerned with the diagnosis |
|                   | and treatment of diseases of the internal organ  |
|                   | systems of adults. Internists treat both common  |
|                   | and complex illness of adolescents, adults, and  |
|                   | the elderly.                                     |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Libraries         | Physical facilities that provide services to     |
|                   | consumers to assist them with health information |
|                   | needs.                                           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Long-Term Acute   | Long-term acute care (LTAC) is a recognized      |
| Care Facilities   | designation (by the Centers for Medicare and     |
|                   | Medicaid Services) for acute care hospitals      |
|                   | whose average length of stay is at least 25      |
|                   | days. LTAC hospitals provide specialized care    |
|                   | services to manage medical conditions, so that   |
|                   | patients with catastrophic or acute              |
|                   | illnesses/injuries can work toward recovery.     |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Marriage/Family   | Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs) are mental |
| Therapists        | health professionals trained in psychotherapy    |
|                   | and family systems, and licensed to diagnose and |
|                   | treat mental and emotional disorders within the  |
|                   | context of marriage, couples and family systems. |
|                   | MFTs have graduate training (a Master\'s or      |
|                   | Doctoral degree) in marriage and family therapy  |
|                   | and at least two years of clinical experience.   |
|                   | (American Association for Marriage and Family    |
|                   | Therapy.)                                        |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Massage/Bodywork  | Massage and Bodywork Therapists manipulate       |
| Therapists        | muscle and connective tissue to enhance function |
|                   | of those tissues and promote relaxation and      |
|                   | well-being. (NCCAM)                              |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Meditation        | Meditation Programs and instructors provide      |
| Programs          | training and guidance in using meditation        |
|                   | techniques. Meditation involves using any number |
|                   | of awareness techniques to quiet the mind and    |
|                   | relax the body. Concentration practices and      |
|                   | mindfulness meditation are perhaps the best      |
|                   | known. (Arthritis Foundation)                    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Mental Health     | Facilities and programs which exist specifically |
| Clinics/Programs  | to provide mental health counseling, medical     |
|                   | treatment, and support. (UNC)                    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Midwives          | Traditional birth attendants who assist women in |
|                   | childbirth. Certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) are  |
|                   | RNs with advanced training in midwifery that     |
|                   | allows them to care for expectant mothers and to |
|                   | provide a range of clinical services for         |
|                   | women. The American College of Nurse Midwifery   |
|                   | site certifies midwives (CMs) who are not        |
|                   | necessarily RNs. Each go local area should feel  |
|                   | free to create records for any                   |
|                   | services/programs/practitioners that comply with |
|                   | their state licensing regulations.               |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Migrant Farm      | Programs providing health services to people who |
| Worker Health     | move from one temporary residence to another as  |
| Programs          | they temporarily work in agricultural areas.     |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Music Therapy     | Music Therapy programs use music within a        |
| Programs          | therapeutic relationship to address physical,    |
|                   | emotional, cognitive, and social needs of people |
|                   | with disabilities or illnesses. (AMA)            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Neonatologists    | Neonatologists are medical doctors who have had  |
|                   | at least 4 years of medical school, three years  |
|                   | of residency training in general pediatrics,     |
|                   | three years of additional training in newborn    |
|                   | intensive care, and certification from the       |
|                   | American Board of Pediatrics and by the          |
|                   | sub-board of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. They   |
|                   | may assist at the time of delivery and in the    |
|                   | subsequent care of a newborn that is premature   |
|                   | or has a serious illness, injury, or birth       |
|                   | defect.They work mainly in the special care      |
|                   | nurseries or newborn intensive care units of     |
|                   | hospitals. (from the American Academy of         |
|                   | Pediatrics)                                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Nephrologists     | A nephrologist is an internist who treats        |
|                   | disorders of the kidney, high blood pressure,    |
|                   | fluid and mineral balance and dialysis of body   |
|                   | wastes when the kidneys do not function. This    |
|                   | specialist consults with surgeons about kidney   |
|                   | transplantation. (From the American Board of     |
|                   | Medical Specialties.)                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Neurological      | A neurological surgeon provides the prevention,  |
| Surgeons          | diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, critical care  |
|                   | and rehabilitation of disorders of the central,  |
|                   | peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. The    |
|                   | neurological surgeon treats patients with        |
|                   | disorders of the nervous system, brain,          |
|                   | pituitary gland, spinal cord, and cranial and    |
|                   | spinal nerves. (From the American Board of       |
|                   | Medical Specialties.)                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Neurologists      | Neurologists are medical specialtists concerned  |
|                   | with the study of the structures, functions, and |
|                   | diseases of the nervous system. (MeSH)           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Nurse             | A nurse who has 2 or more years of advanced      |
| Practitioners     | training and has passed a special exam. A nurse  |
|                   | practitioner often works with a doctor and can   |
|                   | do some of the things a doctor does. (Medicare)  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Nurses            | Nurses provide direct patient care, assess       |
|                   | patients\' conditions, perform treatments and    |
|                   | procedures, administer medications, and educate  |
|                   | patient and family members. Nursing degrees      |
|                   | include Registered Nurse (RN) and Licensed       |
|                   | Practical Nurse (LPN).                           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Nursing Home      | A residence that provides a room, meals, and     |
| Facilities        | help with activities of daily living and         |
|                   | recreation. Generally, nursing home residents    |
|                   | have physical or mental problems that keep them  |
|                   | from living on their own. They usually require   |
|                   | daily assistance. (Medicare) See also Assisted   |
|                   | Living Facilities and Group Homes.               |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Obstetricians     | Obstetricians are concerned with the management  |
|                   | and care of women during pregnancy, labor and    |
|                   | birth, and the postpartum period until woman\'s  |
|                   | body returns to non pregnant stage. Obstetrics   |
|                   | is a medical-surgical specialty. (UNC)           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Occupational      | Practitioners use craft or work activities to    |
| Therapists        | help people learn or re-learn to carry out the   |
|                   | occupations of daily life such as eating,        |
|                   | dressing, writing, cooking, bathing preparing    |
|                   | meals, housekeeping and going to work, after an  |
|                   | illness. Services may be provided either on an   |
|                   | inpatient or outpatient basis.                   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Oncologists       | Oncologists are concerned with the study and     |
|                   | treatment of cancer (tumors, neoplasms.)         |
|                   | Oncology is a subspecialty of internal medicine. |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Ophthalmologists  | Physicians who specialize in eye defects and     |
|                   | diseases. Ophthalmologists diagnose, monitor,    |
|                   | and medically or surgically treat all ocular and |
|                   | visual disorders. (UNC)                          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Opticians         | Opticians fill prescriptions issued by           |
|                   | ophthalmologists and optometrists for corrective |
|                   | eyewear, including eyeglasses, contact lenses,   |
|                   | low vision aids and ocular prostheses. (UNC)     |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Optometrists      | Doctors of optometry are independent primary     |
|                   | health care providers who examine, diagnose,     |
|                   | treat and manage diseases and disorders of the   |
|                   | visual system, the eye and associated structures |
|                   | as well as diagnose related systemic conditions. |
|                   | They prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses,    |
|                   | low vision aids, vision therapy and medicines to |
|                   | treat eye diseases. (American Optometric         |
|                   | Association).                                    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Organ Donation    | Organizations and programs involved in the       |
| Programs          | process of donor screening, and the evaluation,  |
|                   | removal, preservation, and distribution of       |
|                   | organs, tissues, or cells for transplantation.   |
|                   | See also Blood Banks.                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Oriental Medicine | Oriental Medicine includes Chinese Medicine      |
| Programs          | Practitioners who look for patterns in the       |
|                   | details of his or her clinical observation of    |
|                   | the patient. A CMP views the human body as a     |
|                   | reflection of the natural world, and focuses on  |
|                   | balancing the yin (tissue of the organ) and yang |
|                   | (activity of organ). Traditional Chinese         |
|                   | Medicine Practitioners also focus on the \"qi\"  |
|                   | or the vital life energy that flows the body.    |
|                   | (UNC)                                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Orthodontists     | Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that     |
|                   | specializes in the diagnosis, prevention and     |
|                   | treatment of dental and facial irregularities.   |
|                   | All orthodontists are dentists, but only about 6 |
|                   | percent of dentists are orthodontists. From the  |
|                   | American Association of Orthodontists.           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Orthopedists      | Orthopedists use medical, surgical, and physical |
|                   | methods to treat and correct deformities,        |
|                   | diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system,   |
|                   | including the joints, ligaments, tendons, and    |
|                   | nerves. Specialty is orthopedic surgery          |
|                   | (orthopedics) (MeSH)                             |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Osteopaths        | Osteopathic medicine is a form of conventional   |
|                   | medicine that, in part, emphasizes diseases      |
|                   | arising in the musculoskeletal system. There is  |
|                   | an underlying belief that all of the body\'s     |
|                   | systems work together, and disturbances in one   |
|                   | system may affect function elsewhere in the      |
|                   | body. Some osteopathic physicians practice       |
|                   | osteopathic manipulation, a full-body system of  |
|                   | hands-on techniques to alleviate pain, restore   |
|                   | function, and promote health and well-being.     |
|                   | (NCCAM)                                          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Pain Clinics      | Facilities providing diagnostic, therapeutic,    |
|                   | and palliative services for patients with severe |
|                   | chronic pain. They may be free-standing clinics  |
|                   | or hospital-based and serve ambulatory or        |
|                   | inpatient populations. These clinics are often   |
|                   | referred to as \"acute pain services\". (UNC)    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Parish Nurses     | Parish nursing, a specialized practice of        |
|                   | professional nursing, holds the spiritual        |
|                   | dimension to be central to practice. A parish    |
|                   | nurse focuses on the promotion of health within  |
|                   | the context of the values, beliefs and practices |
|                   | of a faith community. (University of Maryland    |
|                   | HSL)                                             |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Pastoral          | Pastoral care is counseling or comfort given by  |
| Counselors        | ministers, priests, rabbis, etc., to those in    |
|                   | need of help with emotional problems or          |
|                   | stressful situations. The counseling integrates  |
|                   | religious resources with insights from the       |
|                   | behavioral sciences. Certified Pastoral          |
|                   | Counselors have a B.A. and a Master of Divinity  |
|                   | or a Masters Doctoral level degree in            |
|                   | theological/spiritual or biblical studies, or a  |
|                   | Masters or Doctoral level degree in Pastoral     |
|                   | Counseling, from schools accredited by agencies  |
|                   | recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.  |
|                   | (American Association of Pastoral Counselors).   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Pathologists      | Physicians who deal with the causes and nature   |
|                   | of disease and contribute to diagnosis,          |
|                   | prognosis, and treatment through knowledge       |
|                   | gained by the laboratory application of the      |
|                   | biologic, chemical, and physical sciences.       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Patient/Family    | Facilities providing housing so that family      |
| Housing           | members can be near patients receiving treatment |
|                   | at hospitals or other health facilities. Ronald  |
|                   | McDonald House is an example of this kind of     |
|                   | facility.                                        |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Pediatric         | Special hospitals which provide care for ill     |
| Hospitals         | children. (UNC)                                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Pediatricians     | Pediatricians are physicians concerned with the  |
|                   | physical, emotional, and social health of        |
|                   | children from birth to young adulthood.          |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Personal Trainers | Personal Trainers provide individually tailored  |
|                   | exercise and fitness programs, structured        |
|                   | workouts, and planned training cycles, to help   |
|                   | clients achieve their fitness goals. (UNC)       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Pet Assisted      | Animal Assisted Activities provide opportunities |
| Therapy Programs  | for motivational, educational, recreational,     |
|                   | and/or therapeutic benefits to enhance quality   |
|                   | of life. These programs are delivered in a       |
|                   | variety of environments by specially trained     |
|                   | professionals, paraprofessionals, and/or         |
|                   | volunteers, in association with animals that     |
|                   | meet specific criteria. (UNC)                    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Pharmacies        | Entities that prepare and dispense prescription  |
|                   | medications. May be free standing or hospital    |
|                   | based.                                           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Physical          | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is          |
| Medici            | concerned with diagnosing, evaluating, and       |
| ne/Rehabilitation | treating patients with physical disabilities.    |
| Specialists       | These disabilities may arise from conditions     |
|                   | affecting the musculoskeletal system such as     |
|                   | neck and back pain, sports injuries or other     |
|                   | painful conditions affecting the limbs.          |
|                   | Alternatively, the disabilities may result from  |
|                   | neurological trauma or disease such as spinal    |
|                   | cord injury, head injury or stroke. These        |
|                   | specialists are often called physiatrists. From  |
|                   | the American Board of Medical Specialties.       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Physical          | Programs and services designed to promote the    |
| Rehabilitation    | maximum possible degree of restoration of        |
| Programs          | function of patients suffering from disease,     |
|                   | disability or injury. Examples: cardiac          |
|                   | rehabilitation for heart attack survivors, or    |
|                   | physical therapy programs for stroke victims.    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Physical          | Physical therapists help patients who have       |
| Therapists        | disabilities due to accident or illness or who   |
|                   | were born with a developmental disability gain   |
|                   | strength, flexibility, endurance, coordination   |
|                   | and overall physical functioning. They also      |
|                   | provide programs to lessen pain and prevent      |
|                   | injury. Physical therapists are state-licensed.  |
|                   | The minimum educational requirement is a         |
|                   | post-baccalaureate degree from an accredited     |
|                   | education program. The majority of programs      |
|                   | offer a master\'s degree, but a growing number   |
|                   | of programs offer the Doctor of Physical Therapy |
|                   | (DPT) degree. (American Physical Therapy         |
|                   | Association)                                     |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Physician         | Physician Assistants are academically trained,   |
| Assistants        | licensed, or credentialed to provide medical     |
|                   | care under the supervision of a physician. The   |
|                   | concept does not include nurses, but does        |
|                   | include orthopedic assistants, surgeon\'s        |
|                   | assistants, and assistants to other specialists. |
|                   | (UNC)                                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Plastic Surgeons  | Plastic surgeons are concerned with restoration, |
|                   | reconstruction, or improvement of defective,     |
|                   | damaged, or missing structures. (UNC)            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Podiatrists       | Podiatrists are concerned with the diagnosis and |
|                   | treatment of foot disorders and injuries and     |
|                   | anatomic defects of the foot. Degree is doctor   |
|                   | of podiatric medicine, but not physician.        |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Poison Control    | Facilities which provide information concerning  |
| Centers           | poisons and treatment of poisoning in            |
|                   | emergencies. (UNC)                               |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Pregnancy         | Procedures conducted by medical practitioners in |
| Termination       | a variety of settings for the purpose of the     |
| Services          | intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus.  |
|                   | See also Family Planning Services. (UNC)         |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Prescription      | Insurance or other programs covering part or all |
| Programs          | of the costs of drugs and medical products.      |
|                   | (UNC)                                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Primary Care      | Services which provide integrated, accessible    |
| Services          | health care by clinicians who are accountable    |
|                   | for addressing a large majority of personal      |
|                   | health care needs, developing a sustained        |
|                   | partnership with patients, and practicing in the |
|                   | context of family and community. (adapted from   |
|                   | JAMA 1995;273(3):192)                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Psychiatric       | Special hospitals or hospital units which        |
| Hospitals         | provide care to the mentally ill patient.(UNC)   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Psychiatrists     | Psychiatrists deal with the origin, diagnosis,   |
|                   | prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.   |
|                   | Psychiatrists are qualified to order diagnostic  |
|                   | laboratory tests and to prescribe medications,   |
|                   | evaluate and treat psychological and             |
|                   | interpersonal problems, and to intervene with    |
|                   | families who are coping with stress, crises, and |
|                   | other problems in living. (UNC)                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Psychologists     | Mental health professionals trained to assess,   |
|                   | diagnose, and treat mental disorders by using    |
|                   | individual, child, family, and group therapies.  |
|                   | These practitioners have at least masters        |
|                   | degrees, must have a PhD to become a licensed    |
|                   | psychologist.                                    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Public Health     | Public Health Services protect and improve the   |
| Services          | health of the community through comprehensive    |
|                   | efforts to prevent, control and eradicate        |
|                   | communicable disease; eliminate environmental    |
|                   | health hazards; and recognize, prevent and       |
|                   | control occupational health hazards and          |
|                   | illnesses. From the AIRS taxonomy.               |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Pulmonologists    | Pulmonologists are concerned with the study of   |
|                   | the respiratory system and the diagnosis and     |
|                   | treatment of diseases and defects of the lungs   |
|                   | and bronchial tree. Pulmonologists diagnose and  |
|                   | treat cancer, pneumonia, pleurisy, asthma,       |
|                   | occupational diseases, bronchitis, sleep         |
|                   | disorders, emphysema, and other complex          |
|                   | disorders of the lungs. Pulmonology is a         |
|                   | subspecialty of internal medicine.               |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Radiologists      | Radiologists use radiologic methodologies to     |
|                   | diagnose and treat disease.                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Recreational      | Recreational therapists, also referred to as     |
| Therapists        | therapeutic recreation specialists, provide      |
|                   | treatment services and recreation activities to  |
|                   | individuals with disabilities or illnesses.      |
|                   | Using a variety of techniques, therapists treat  |
|                   | and maintain the physical, mental, and emotional |
|                   | well-being of their clients. A bachelor's degree |
|                   | in therapeutic recreation, or in recreation with |
|                   | a concentration in therapeutic recreation, is    |
|                   | the usual requirement for entry-level positions. |
|                   | (Occupational Outlook Handbook.)                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Referral Services | Referral Services provide users with direction   |
|                   | to or match users\' needs with detailed          |
|                   | information concerning programs, services, or    |
|                   | health care providers etc. Consider also         |
|                   | Directories which are usually lists of contact   |
|                   | information only. Referral Services may be used  |
|                   | for community wide directories such as 211. See  |
|                   | also Hotlines and Crisis Services.               |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Research Centers  | Facilities conducting critical and exhaustive    |
|                   | investigation or experimentation.                |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Respiratory       | Respiratory therapists, practicing under         |
| Therapists        | physician direction, assume primary              |
|                   | responsibility for all respiratory care          |
|                   | therapeutic treatments and diagnostic            |
|                   | procedures, including the supervision of         |
|                   | respiratory therapy technicians. An associate    |
|                   | degree has become the general requirement for    |
|                   | entry into this field. Most programs award       |
|                   | associate or bachelor's degrees and prepare      |
|                   | graduates for jobs as advanced respiratory       |
|                   | therapists. (Bureau of Labor Statistics)         |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Respite Care      | Temporary or periodic care provided in a nursing |
| Services          | home, assisted living residence, or other type   |
|                   | of long-term care program so that the usual      |
|                   | caregiver can rest or take some time off.        |
|                   | (Medicare)                                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Retirement        | Housing arrangements for the economical          |
| Facilities        | self-supporting older adult, intended to foster  |
|                   | independent living. May be group homes or small  |
|                   | apartments and may or may not involve nursing    |
|                   | care or provide health facilities. See also      |
|                   | Assisted Living Facilities and Nursing Homes.    |
|                   | (UNC)                                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Rheumatologists   | A rheumatologist is an internist or pediatrician |
|                   | who is qualified by additional training and      |
|                   | experience in the diagnosis and treatment of     |
|                   | arthritis and other diseases of the joints,      |
|                   | muscles and bones. (American College of          |
|                   | Rheumatology)                                    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Search and Rescue | Programs that provide emergency rescue           |
|                   | operations and/or lifesaving activities for      |
|                   | people who are stranded, lost, accident victims, |
|                   | or exposed to other life threatening dangers.    |
|                   | Included here are emergency medical              |
|                   | transportation services (as opposed to routine   |
|                   | transportation services.) (adapted from AIRS)    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Senior Centers    | Facilities that provide a variety of daytime     |
|                   | services and a social hub to people usually of   |
|                   | the age 55 or older. Services can include        |
|                   | classes and workshops, health screenings,        |
|                   | advocacy, transportation, meals on-site and/or   |
|                   | delivered, crafts, trips etc. See also Adult Day |
|                   | Care Services. (UNC)                             |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Sex Education     | Programs providing information concerning sexual |
| Programs          | development, reproductive health, interpersonal  |
|                   | relationships, affection, intimacy, body image,  |
|                   | and gender roles. Such programs may be offered   |
|                   | by community agencies, schools, or other groups. |
|                   | (UNC)                                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Sex Therapists    | Practitioners who help people understand and     |
|                   | resolve their sexual adjustment problems not     |
|                   | caused by a physical problem. Licensed by states |
|                   | as counselors, therapists or psychologists.      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Sheltered         | Protective places of employment for disabled     |
| Workshops         | persons which provide training and employment on |
|                   | a temporary or permanent basis. See also         |
|                   | Disability Programs. (UNC)                       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Shelters          | Facilities provided by public, religious, or     |
|                   | private agencies offering temporary housing and  |
|                   | other support services to specialized groups in  |
|                   | need. Such groups include the homeless, domestic |
|                   | abuse victims etc. Some offer various types of   |
|                   | counseling and follow-up. (UNC)                  |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Smoking Cessation | Treatment programs usually administered in a     |
| Programs          | group setting, to help people quit smoking. Many |
|                   | utilize strategies that combine pharmacological  |
|                   | and behavioral techniques. (UNC)                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Social Services   | Social Services are tangible services which may  |
|                   | or may not be provided by a social worker. They  |
|                   | may include: counseling and psychotherapy with   |
|                   | individuals, families, and groups or helping     |
|                   | families obtain social and health services such  |
|                   | as food programs or substance abuse services.    |
|                   | (UNC)                                            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Sleep Disorders   | Programs that provide comprehensive preventive,  |
| Clinics           | diagnostic and treatment services for            |
|                   | individuals who have any of a variety of         |
|                   | conditions in which they have difficulty falling |
|                   | or staying asleep, abnormal behaviors during     |
|                   | sleep or difficulty staying awake. (AIRS         |
|                   | Taxonomy)                                        |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Specialty Care    | A subset of Assisted Living Facilities           |
| Assisted Living   | (definition: A housing and health care           |
| Facilities        | alternative combining independence with personal |
|                   | care. It provides a combination of housing,      |
|                   | personalized supportive services and health care |
|                   | designed to meet the needs, both scheduled and   |
|                   | unscheduled, of those who need help with         |
|                   | activities of daily living. (Assisted Living     |
|                   | Foundation of America.) ) Specialty Care         |
|                   | Assisted Living Facilities provide services to a |
|                   | specific subset of persons, e.g., with a         |
|                   | specific disorder. See also Group Homes and      |
|                   | Nursing Homes.                                   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Speech Therapists | Speech-language pathologists, sometimes called   |
|                   | speech therapists, assess, diagnose, treat, and  |
|                   | help to prevent speech, language, cognitive,     |
|                   | communication, voice, swallowing, fluency, and   |
|                   | other related disorders. Almost all states       |
|                   | require a master's degree or equivalent and      |
|                   | licensure. (Occupational Outlook Handbook)       |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Sport             | Sport psychologists help both athletes and       |
| Psychologists     | non-athletes with goal setting, focusing, and    |
|                   | imagery, depression, substance abuse, and eating |
|                   | disorders. Association for the Advancement of    |
|                   | Applied Sports Psychology certifies its          |
|                   | membership.                                      |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Support Groups    | Organizations which provide an environment       |
|                   | encouraging social interactions through group    |
|                   | activities or individual relationships           |
|                   | especially for the purpose of rehabilitating or  |
|                   | supporting patients and their families with      |
|                   | their health problems. (UNC)                     |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Surgeons          | Surgeons manage a broad spectrum of surgical     |
|                   | conditions affecting almost any area of the      |
|                   | body. Surgeons establish the diagnosis and       |
|                   | provide the preoperative, operative, and         |
|                   | postoperative care to surgical patients and are  |
|                   | usually responsible for the comprehensive        |
|                   | management of the trauma victim and the          |
|                   | critically ill surgical patient. (UNC)           |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Surgicenters      | Facilities designed to serve patients who        |
|                   | require surgical treatment exceeding the         |
|                   | capabilities of usual physician\'s office yet    |
|                   | not of such proportion as to require             |
|                   | hospitalization. (MeSH)                          |
|                   |                                                  |
|                   | Previously indexed to Ambulatory Care Centers.   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Therapeutic Camps | Residential or day camp facilities that are      |
|                   | appropriately staffed and equipped to provide an |
|                   | opportunity for children who have developmental  |
|                   | disabilities, emotional disturbances or health   |
|                   | impairments, or who have other limitations or    |
|                   | problems which require special facilities or     |
|                   | programming, to enjoy a cooperative living       |
|                   | experience in the out-of-doors. (UNC)            |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Thoracic Surgeons | Thoracic Surgeons provide the diagnostic,        |
|                   | operative, perioperative care and critical care  |
|                   | of patients with pathologic conditions within    |
|                   | the chest. Conditions treated by the Thoracic    |
|                   | surgeon include coronary artery disease, cancers |
|                   | of the lung, esophagus and chest wall,           |
|                   | abnormalities of the trachea, great vessels and  |
|                   | heart valves, congenital anomalies and diseases  |
|                   | of the diaphragm. From the American Board of     |
|                   | Medical Specialties.                             |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Transitional Care | Type of short-term care provided by many         |
| Facilities        | long-term care facilities and hospitals which    |
|                   | may include rehabilitation services, specialized |
|                   | care for certain conditions (such as stroke and  |
|                   | diabetes) and/or post-surgical care and other    |
|                   | services associated with the transition between  |
|                   | the hospital and home. Residents on these units  |
|                   | often have been hospitalized recently and        |
|                   | typically have more complicated medical needs.   |
|                   | The goal of subacute care is to discharge        |
|                   | residents to their homes or to a lower level of  |
|                   | care. (Also called subacute care or post-acute   |
|                   | care.)                                           |
|                   | (from <http://a                                  |
|                   | spe.hhs.gov/daltcp/diction.shtml#transitional>). |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Transportation    | Services providing transportation to and from    |
| Services          | area hospitals, dialysis centers, doctors\'      |
|                   | offices, radiation visits, occupational and      |
|                   | physical therapy treatments etc. for children    |
|                   | with special needs and the elderly. Services     |
|                   | vary from provider to provider and some forms    |
|                   | are covered by insurance such as Medicaid. (UNC) |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Urologists        | Urologists are concerned with the study,         |
|                   | diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the      |
|                   | urinary tract in both sexes and the genital      |
|                   | tract in the male. Urology includes the          |
|                   | specialty of andrology, which addresses both     |
|                   | male genital diseases and male infertility. It   |
|                   | is a surgical specialty. (UNC)                   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Vascular Surgeons | Vascular Surgeons have expertise in the          |
|                   | management of surgical disorders of the blood    |
|                   | vessels. (UNC)                                   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Veterinary        | Veterinary medicine is the science that          |
| Medical Services  | specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and    |
|                   | treatment of disease or injury in animals.       |
|                   | Services related to veterinary medicine include  |
|                   | disease prevention and control, particularly     |
|                   | diseases that are transmissible between animals  |
|                   | and humans or affecting human welfare. (NLM      |
|                   | Collection Development Manual)                   |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Waste Management  | Waste Management programs and services deal with |
| Services          | the inspection, monitoring and disposal of       |
|                   | liquid and solid waste both on private and       |
|                   | commercial properties. (UNC)                     |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Weight Management | Programs that help people keep body weight at a  |
| Programs          | healthful level, usually involving monitoring of |
|                   | food intake and increasing physical activity.    |
|                   | Gradual changes in eating habits will help       |
|                   | encourage a permanent lifestyle change.          |
|                   | Counseling and behavior modification may be      |
|                   | necessary.(Adam encyclopedia)                    |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Yoga Programs     | Yoga classes and teachers lead people in         |
|                   | learning the techniques and theories of yoga     |
|                   | practice. Yoga is an ancient system of           |
|                   | relaxation, exercise and healing with origins in |
|                   | Indian philosophy. Yoga has been described as    |
|                   | \"the union of mind, body, and spirit.\" Yoga is |
|                   | often practiced by healthy individuals with the  |
|                   | aim to achieve relaxation, fitness and a healthy |
|                   | lifestyle. Yoga may be practiced alone, or with  |
|                   | a group. Yoga classes and video tapes are        |
|                   | available. There are no official or              |
|                   | well-accepted licensing requirements for yoga    |
|                   | practitioners. (Natural Standard)                |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+