**Rural Health Care Pilot Program Applicants**

> *Further details and contact information for applicants available at
> http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/rural/rhcp.html. A list of applicants sorted by
> state or region follows.*

1.  **Adirondack-Champlain Telemedicine Information Network** (New York)
    -- A new fiber optic telemedicine network, connected to Internet2,
    will connect approximately eight health care facilities in
    northeastern NY. The new network will enable real-time
    consultations, sharing of medical image files, and distance
    education. Maximum support: \$7,648,304.

2.  **Alabama Pediatric Health Access Network** -- A new network,
    connected to Internet2 at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 1 Gbps,
    will connect a specialized pediatric emergency department to
    emergency departments at rural hospitals, as an initial step toward
    linking all emergency departments statewide. Four facilities
    connected initially. Maximum support: \$420,316.

3.  **Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium** -- Comprised primarily of
    rural health care practitioners, the consortium will unify and
    increase the capacity of disparate healthcare networks throughout
    Alaska in order to connect with urban health centers and access
    services in the lower 48 states. Approximately 270 facilities will
    be connected. Maximum support: \$10,425,250.

4.  **Albemarle Network Telemedicine Initiative** (North Carolina) -- A
    new network will provide secured information exchange across
    approximately 65 facilities, enabling computerized physician orders
    for medical procedures, discharges, transfers, and referrals.
    Maximum support: \$1,583,076.

5.  **Arizona Rural Community Health Information Exchange** -- New OC-3
    fiber connections to an existing network and Internet2 connection
    will link approximately 15 healthcare facilities to an existing
    centralized hub. The network will provide multidisciplinary
    telemedicine, distance learning, and technology assessment services.
    Maximum support: \$4,237,718.

6.  **Arkansas Telehealth Network** -- Four existing networks will be
    consolidated and expanded using T1-grade connections to encompass
    approximately 245 non-profit sites, enabling better patient care,
    including electronic records management, and coordinating responses
    to major public health incidents. Maximum support: \$4,217,688.

7.  **As One-Together for Health** (Mississippi) -- A new statewide
    non-dedicated telehealth network will connect approximately 260
    facilities through web-based conferencing tools running on commodity
    Internet and Internet2 connections. This will improve patient care,
    and enable effective responses to disasters and other major
    incidents. Maximum support: \$1,912,964.

8.  **Association of Washington Public Hospital Districts** (Washington)
    -- Six existing telehealth networks will be connected and enhanced
    to reach approximately 120 facilities, using videoconferencing and
    web portals to offer distance education, improve clinical practice,
    facilitate collaborative research, and improve disaster response in
    underserved rural areas. Maximum support: \$712,086.

9.  **Bacon County Health Services, Inc.** (Georgia) -- A new 1 Gbps
    network will connect approximately 25 public and non-profit health
    care facilities in rural and urban locations in Georgia to an
    existing network, enabling telemedicine services, distance
    education, research, and effective disaster response. Maximum
    support: \$2,239,580.

10. **Big Bend Regional Healthcare Information Organization** (Florida)
    -- A new 1 Gbps fiber optic network will link approximately 9 rural
    hospitals in 8 counties to the existing Florida LambdaRail backbone,
    and will extend to community health centers and clinics through
    broadband wireless, improving patient care through disease
    monitoring and access to specialists, and enabling access to
    distance education and other existing networks. Maximum support:
    \$9,623,019.

11. **California Telehealth Network** **--** A new network will
    facilitate mental illness counseling and improve patient-physician
    interaction for rural Californians, who suffer disproportionately
    from depression, hypertension, asthma and cardiovascular disease.
    The network will link approximately 300 facilities. Maximum support:
    \$22,100,000.

12. **Colorado Health Care Connections** -- The network will connect
    around 75 Colorado public and non-profit hospitals and clinics via
    Ethernet to Internet2 or National LambdaRail within two years, at
    speeds ranging from 40-100 Mbps. Maximum support: \$4,621,554.

13. **Communicare** (Kentucky) -- A T1-based network connecting
    approximately 20 facilities specializing in mental health services
    will enable video consultation and other videoconferencing
    applications. Maximum support: \$387,175.

14. **DCH Regional Health System** (Alabama) -- The network will connect
    a regional medical center to two rural hospitals, using video
    conferencing and remote diagnostics over leased fiber optic
    networks, to improve patient care. Maximum support: \$194,225.

15. **Erlanger Health System** **Rural Health Care Fiber Network**
    (Tennessee, Georgia) -- Chattanooga-based non-profit will extend an
    existing fiber network to deliver patient care, video consultations,
    data exchange, and a virtual nursery to approximately 11 health care
    facilities serving residents in sparsely populated regions of
    southeast Tennessee and smaller areas of northern Georgia, western
    North Carolina, and northeast Alabama. Maximum support: \$2,198,610.

16. **Frontier Access to Rural Healthcare in Montana** -- A state-wide
    network, using T1 connections to a high speed backbone, will connect
    approximately 140 health care facilities to provide high definition
    videoconferencing, maintain electronic health records, and provide
    other services. Maximum support: \$1,957,652.

17. **Geisinger Health System** (Pennsylvania) -- Existing network
    structures covering approximately 15 facilities will be enhanced and
    connected using high bandwidth connections to transfer radiographs,
    improve electronic record systems, and enable other telemedicine
    services. Maximum support: \$901,551.

18. **Greater Minnesota Telehealth Broadband Initiative** -- To enable
    video conferencing, existing networks covering approximately 140
    facilities will be upgraded to at least T1 connections and connected
    to a new statewide fiber network. Maximum support: \$5,396,992.

19. **Health Care Research & Education Network** (North Dakota) -- The
    network will connect five facilities, linking campuses of the
    University of North Dakota School of Medicine to rural healthcare
    facilities to provide telemedicine services. The existing state
    fiber network will be used in part. Maximum support: \$286,144.

20. **Health Information Exchange of Montana** -- In an area with no
    connections to Internet2 or National Lambda Rail, a new fiber
    network will connect approximately nine facilities to enable
    distance consultation, electronic record keeping and exchange,
    disaster readiness, clinical research, and distance education
    services. The new network will also serve as a natural connection
    point to Internet2 or National Lambda Rail. Maximum support:
    \$13,600,000.

21. **Heartland Unified Broadband Network** (South Dakota, North Dakota,
    Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Wyoming) -- Existing networks will
    interconnect to a fiber-optic DS3 44.7 Mbps-capacity line forming an
    expanded network of about 180 facilities with connections to
    Internet2. The expanded and enhanced network will address health
    problems of the area's aging population, increase the use and
    quality of teleradiology, and increase distance education
    activities. Maximum support: \$4,781,931.

22. **Holzer Consolidated Health Systems** (Ohio) -- Located in the
    Appalachian region of southeastern Ohio, this consortium of eight
    healthcare facilities will upgrade its existing network to a
    broadband fiber-optic network. The enhanced network will facilitate
    better information-sharing, enable remote data storage (thereby
    providing for disaster recovery and business continuity), and
    provide a local information backbone for connection into the
    regional electronic data interchange. Maximum support: \$1,836,000.

23. **Illinois Rural HealthNet Consortium** -- This statewide network
    will serve approximately 87 health care facilities and connect to
    Internet2. More than 95% of the connected locations will have
    connectivity at speeds ranging from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps. Maximum
    support: \$21,063,528.

24. **Indiana Health Network** -- The network will connect approximately
    100 health care facilities throughout Indiana, providing speeds of
    up to 1 Gbps at participating rural hospitals. The hospitals will
    serve as capacity hubs connecting to smaller health facilities.
    Maximum support: \$16,138,270.

25. **Iowa Health System** -- The new network connections will link
    approximately 78 health care facilities, including 52 rural
    facilities, to an existing statewide, dedicated, broadband
    healthcare network and National LambdaRail. Maximum support:
    \$7,802,732.

26. **Iowa Rural Health Telecommunications Program** -- To solve the
    problems of isolation, travel and limited resources that constrain
    health care delivery in rural Iowa and its surrounding regions, a
    new statewide broadband network will link approximately 100
    facilities in Iowa, Nebraska and South Dakota to Internet2 at speeds
    of 1 Gbps. Maximum support: \$9,948,961.

27. **Juniata Valley Network** (Pennsylvania) -- Covering a rugged,
    rural region of the Appalachian Mountains, this network will connect
    approximately 79 health care facilities to a network that will
    facilitate telemedicine, enable school wellness programs, and
    connect to Internet2 at speeds ranging from 7 to 100 Mbps. Maximum
    support: \$3,310,048.

28. **Kansas University Medical Center** -- The proposed statewide,
    broadband, private network linking approximately 44 health care
    facilities will connect to Internet2 and facilitate telemedicine,
    health information exchange, and health information technology
    services. Maximum support: \$3,798,300.

29. **Kentucky Behavioral Telehealth Network** -- The network will
    connect community mental health facilities in Appalachian
    southeastern Kentucky to major urban hospitals to improve patient
    access to a full range of medical professionals. Approximately 27
    facilities will be connected. Maximum support: \$2,856,101.

30. **Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals** -- The Department
    will connect approximately 100 facilities, about 47 of which are
    rural, to a broadband network that will link facilities to
    government research institutions, enable patient access to medical
    specialists, and provide rapid and coordinated crises responses.
    Maximum support: \$15,925,270.

31. **Michigan Public Health Institute** -- New network infrastructure
    will connect existing state health networks to each other and
    Internet2 at speeds ranging from 1.5 Mbps to 100 Mbps. The network
    will link approximately 390 facilities, primarily rural, in
    underserved areas of the state. Maximum support: \$20,910,000.

32. **Missouri Telehealth Network** -- The network will create a 2 Gbps
    statewide dedicated telehealth backbone, enabling new telemedicine
    services including those requiring high-definition video streaming.
    The network will also add about 32 facilities to an existing network
    of approximately 127 facilities and connect to Internet2. Maximum
    support: \$2,374,605.

33. **Mountain States Health Alliance** (Tennessee and Virginia) -- The
    network will connect two rural Virginia hospitals using 100 Mbps
    Ethernet to an existing network of 11 Tennessee hospitals. The
    expanded network will facilitate high-speed transfer of clinical,
    financial, and image data among the included facilities. Maximum
    support: \$93,240.

34. **New England Telehealth Consortium -**- A multi-state telehealth
    network will deliver remote trauma consultation and expansive
    telemedicine by linking approximately 500 primarily rural health
    care facilities -- including hospitals, behavioral health sites,
    correctional facility clinics, and community health care centers --
    in Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine to urban hospitals and
    universities throughout New England. Maximum support: \$24,689,016.

35. **North Carolina Telehealth Network \--** Regional network will
    connect approximately 16 health care facilities in 11 counties with
    patients in their homes, at work, and on the move to provide home
    monitoring, personal health records, personalized health messaging
    and prescription drug use compliance. Maximum support: \$6,023,985.

36. **North Country Telemedicine Project (New York) --** Approximately
    30 new health care facilities in a poor, sparsely populated region
    of northern New York will be connected to an existing regional fiber
    ring and Internet2 at speeds ranging from 10 to 100 Mbps. Services
    will include telecardiology, teleradiology, and psychiatry through
    video conferencing, research and education. Network will also serve
    Fort Drum, which lacks a healthcare facility. Maximum support:
    \$1,984,998.

37. **Northeast HealthNet (Pennsylvania, New York)** -- Network will
    facilitate real-time information sharing between approximately 38
    mostly rural healthcare facilities and specialists to provide remote
    diagnosis, treatment and education of patients, and wellness
    initiatives. Maximum support: \$1,700,340.

38. **Northeast Ohio Regional Health Information Organization --** Will
    expand an existing network to connect approximately 19 medical
    facilities in 22 counties at speeds ranging from 100 Mbps for sites
    connected via wireless and 1 Gbps for sites connected with fiber.
    Connects with both Internet2 and National LambdaRail. Maximum
    support: \$11,286,200.

39. **Northwest Alabama Mental Health Center --** A 1 Gbps network will
    link about six clinics in five rural counties. Maximum support:
    \$381,648

40. **Northwestern Pennsylvania Telemedicine Initiative --** Network
    will improve access to a broad range of specialty medical services
    at five facilities, two of which are prisons. Goals include using
    telemedicine to encourage medical professionals to establish
    services and remain in rural communities. Maximum support:
    \$352,169.

41. **Oregon Health Network** -- Network will interconnect with existing
    health networks in Oregon, Internet2 and National LambdaRail to link
    over 300 facilities, both urban and rural. Maximum support:
    \$20,182,625.

42. **Pacific Broadband Telehealth Demonstration Project** (Hawaii) --
    Project will link approximately 96 health care facilities throughout
    Hawaii and the Pacific Island region to serve a population that
    spans 11 islands. The network will enable rural facilities to
    communicate with health care specialists, who are concentrated in
    urban areas, at speeds of up to 10 Gbps. Maximum support:
    \$4,867,963.

43. **Palmetto State Providers Network** (South Carolina) -- Connects
    four rural and underserved regions to a fiber optic backbone being
    developed in the state and Internet2. Network will connect
    approximately 58 facilities at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 10
    Gbps. Maximum support: \$7,944,950.

44. **Pathways Community Behavioral Healthcare, Inc.** (Missouri) --
    Not-for-profit community mental health center will connect
    approximately 15 outlying offices to its headquarters. The dedicated
    T1 network will extend outreach to the current population served,
    and reduce the costs of recruiting physicians to relocate in rural
    areas. Maximum support: \$459,000.

45. **Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center** (Pennsylvania) --
    Network will link four rural hospitals at speeds of up to 100 Mbps
    to facilitate continuing medical education, enable the rapid
    exchange of clinical information between academic medical
    center-based physicians and community-based facilities, and allow
    remote monitoring of patients in rural communities. Maximum support:
    \$894,482.

46. **Pennsylvania Mountains Healthcare Alliance --** New broadband
    network proposed by a consortium of approximately 12 hospitals in
    rural western Pennsylvania will provide a variety of telehealth
    services, specialty care, and tele-pharmacy in 18 counties. Network
    will provide a minimum of 10 Mbps service and connect with
    Internet2. Maximum support: \$1,180,004.

47. **Puerto Rico Health Department --** Network will facilitate the
    exchange of medical records, radiology images and other health
    services between approximately 46 health care facilities across
    Puerto Rico, using T-1 circuits. Maximum support: \$7,374,018.

48. **Rocky Mountain HealthNet** (Colorado**) --** Network allow the
    consortium's approximately 180-member health care facilities to
    connect quickly to information and image management services, and
    Internet2, using leased T-1 facilities. Over half of the health care
    facilities are rural. Maximum support: \$5,064,300.

49. **Rural Healthcare Consortium of Alabama --** Network will serve
    four rural critical access hospitals with two bonded T-1 lines
    capable of providing 3 Mbps upstream and downstream. Network will be
    used for teleradiology, lab information systems, video conferencing,
    and secure networking with large academic medical centers and
    universities. Maximum support: \$232,756.

50. **Rural Nebraska Healthcare Network --** Consortium of nine rural
    hospitals and related clinics will upgrade a patchwork of T-1 lines
    with an advanced fiber network connecting with National LambdaRail.
    Network will provide speeds of up to 1 Gbps for a variety of
    telehealth and telemedicine services in an underserved rural area.
    Maximum support: \$19,256,942.

51. **Rural Western and Central Maine Broadband Initiative \--** New,
    high-speed fiber optic cable network will serve approximately 80
    health care facilities. Maximum support: \$3,601,326.

52. **Rural Wisconsin Health Cooperative --** Project will augment an
    existing shared electronic health records project by providing
    redundant connectivity and data centers, as well as higher speeds
    that will range from 10 to 100 Mbps. Network will connect with
    Internet2 and serve approximately 17 facilities. Maximum support:
    \$1,593,355

53. **Sanford Health Collaboration and Communication Channel** (South
    Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota) **--** Project will connect seven existing
    networks at speeds of up to 100 Mbps to access administrative
    services and connect with educational institutions. Facilities
    served include the Aberdeen, S.D. area Indian Health Services.
    Maximum support: \$812,152.

54. **Southern Ohio Healthcare Network --** Project will provide
    approximately 60 facilities with next-generation telemedicine,
    education, and interconnection with statewide emergency networks and
    Internet2 by building or purchasing fiber optic rings covering 315
    miles. Will also provide connectivity to facilities outside the
    reach of the fiber optic rings. Maximum support: \$13,929,417.

55. **Southwest Alabama Mental Health --** Network will connect with
    Internet2 and provide voice, video and data transmission
    capabilities to approximately 31 mental health facilities serving 16
    counties. Connection speeds range from 3 to 100 Mbps. Maximum
    support: \$2,511,789.

56. **Southwest Telehealth Access Grid** (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas,
    Colorado, California, Nevada, Utah) **--** Network will distribute
    telemedicine clinical services, educational and training programs to
    approximately 60 facilities within the states and the Southwest
    Indian Services consortium. Speeds will range between 1 Gbps and 10
    Gbps, with connections to Internet2 and National LambdaRail. Maximum
    support: \$15,561,181.

57. **St. Joseph\'s Hospital** (Wisconsin**)---**Project will link two
    existing fiber systems in the city of Chippewa Falls to the
    hospital, two other facilities and Internet2 in order to expand
    telemedicine offerings. Maximum support: \$655,200.

58. **Tennessee Telehealth Network** (Tennessee, Kentucky) -- Will build
    on and expand the existing Tennessee Information Infrastructure to
    serve approximately 450 facilities. Connects to Internet 2; will
    support diabetes research involving three state research centers.
    Maximum support: \$7,998,111.

59. **Texas Health Information Network Collaboration** -- Network will
    support physician-patient consultations, distance education, medical
    data management, medical records exchanges, connections to
    Internet2, and other services at speeds of up to 1 Gbps at
    approximately 180 facilities. Maximum support: \$11,042,096.

60. **Texas Healthcare Network** -- Will expand and improve an existing
    network serving approximately 40 primarily rural health care
    facilities at speeds of at least 45 Mbps. Maximum support:
    \$4,889,200.

61. **Tohono O\'odham Nation Broadband Network (Arizona)** -- Located on
    the border of Mexico in an area that is as large as the state of
    Connecticut, the Nation plans to connect approximately 18 health
    care facilities to Arizona's traditional health care facilities,
    Internet2, and National LambdaRail, at 155 Mbps. Maximum support:
    \$426,275.

62. **University Health Systems of Eastern Carolina** -- Network will
    add approximately 16 mostly rural healthcare facilities in 12
    counties to an existing fiber ring to serve a very rural population
    suffering from a significantly higher incidence of chronic disease
    than the state and national averages. Provides connection with
    Internet2. Maximum support: \$960,939

63. **University of Mississippi Medical Center** -- Project will upgrade
    an existing network and extend coverage to approximately 90 mostly
    rural facilities to provide telehealth, web-based patient education
    and links to the University's knowledge base. Maximum support:
    \$3,918,319.

64. **Utah Telehealth Network** -- Will upgrade an existing network
    serving approximately 133 rural hospitals, community health centers
    on the Navajo reservation in Southeast Utah and other facilities.
    Operating at speeds of up to 1 Gbps, network will expand
    telemedicine and telehealth services, foster collaboration to
    improve patient care, and improve training and education for health
    care professionals. Will connect to both Internet2 and National
    LambdaRail. Maximum support: \$9,045,959

65. **Virginia Acute Stroke Telehealth Project** -- Network will connect
    approximately 48 facilities in order to improve stroke care
    statewide via live video consultation, tele-radiology, monitoring
    and education of personnel. The majority of the participating
    hospitals are in medically underserved areas or in areas where there
    is a shortage of health care professionals. Maximum support:
    \$2,701,276.

66. **Western Carolina University \--** In collaboration with the
    Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, the university will build a
    broadband network that will ultimately connect the university\'s
    health care facilities to community health care facilities serving
    residence on the reservation and in outlying areas. Approximately
    224 facilities will be served at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps
    Ethernet connections to 100 Mbps shared Internet2 service. Maximum
    support: \$3,596,290

67. **West Virginia Telehealth Alliance --** Statewide network will
    connect approximately 450 facilities to improve connectivity for
    rural health centers. Project is focused on regions of the state
    with historically high concentrations of poor and elderly
    individuals suffering from chronic medical conditions. Will connect
    to Internet2; speeds range from T1 lines at 1.5 Mbps to 1 Gbps
    fiber. Maximum support: \$8,396,130

68. **Western New York Rural Area Health Education Center --** Network
    will connect about 40 facilities at speeds of at least 100 Mbps in
    order to provide access to experienced specialty physicians and
    critical life-saving treatments. Connections to Internet2 at 1 Gbps
    and backbone at 2 Gbps. Maximum support: \$5,981,450.

69. **Wyoming Telehealth Network \--** Will help alleviate Wyoming's
    severe shortage of health care providers and reduce the need for the
    state's significant rural population to drive long distances for
    health care by connecting approximately 74 hospitals, community
    mental health centers and substance abuse centers. Connects with
    Internet2. Maximum support: \$778,765.

***Recipients by State and Region***

**Alabama**

Alabama Pediatric Health Access Network

DCH Regional Health System

Northwest Alabama Mental Health Center

Rural Healthcare Consortium of Alabama

Southwest Alabama Mental Health

**Alaska**

Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium

**Arizona**

Arizona Rural Community Health Information Exchange

Tohono O\'odham Nation Broadband Network

**Arkansas**

Arkansas Telehealth Network

**California**

California Telehealth Network

**Colorado**

Colorado Health Care Connections

Rocky Mountain HealthNet

**Florida**

Big Bend Regional Healthcare Information Organization

**Georgia**

Bacon County Health Services, Inc.

**Illinois**

Illinois Rural HealthNet Consortium

**Indiana**

Indiana Health Network

**Kansas**

Kansas University Medical Center

**Kentucky**

Communicare

Kentucky Behavioral Telehealth Network

**Louisiana**

Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals

**Maine**

Rural Western and Central Maine Broadband Initiative

**Michigan**

Michigan Public Health Institute

**Minnesota**

Greater Minnesota Telehealth Broadband Initiative

**Mississippi**

As One- Together for Health

University of Mississippi Medical Center

**Missouri**

Missouri Telehealth Network

Pathways Community Behavioral Healthcare, Inc.

**Montana**

Frontier Access to Rural Healthcare in Montana (FAhRM)

Health Information Exchange of Montana

**Nebraska**

Rural Nebraska Healthcare Network

**New York**

Adirondack-Champlain Telemedicine Information Network

North Country Telemedicine Project

Western New York Rural Area Health Education Center

**North Carolina**

Albemarle Network Telemedicine Initiative

North Carolina Telehealth Network

University Health Systems of Eastern Carolina

West Carolina University

**North Dakota**

Health Care Research & Education Network

**Ohio**

Holzer Consolidated Health Systems

Northeast Ohio Regional Health Information Organization

Southern Ohio Healthcare Network

**Oregon**

Oregon Health Network

**Pennsylvania**

Geisinger Health System

Juniata Valley Network

Northwestern Pennsylvania Telemedicine Initiative

Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

Pennsylvania Mountains Healthcare Alliance

**Puerto Rico**

Puerto Rico Health Department

**South Carolina**

Palmetto State Providers Network

**Texas**

Texas Health Information Network Collaboration

Texas Healthcare Network

**Utah**

Utah Telehealth Network

**Virginia**

Virginia Acute Stroke Telehealth Project

**Washington**

Association of Washington Public Hospital District

**Wisconsin**

Rural Wisconsin Health Cooperative

St. Joseph\'s Hospital

**Wyoming**

Wyoming Telehealth Network

***Multi-state Projects***

**Appalachia**

Erlanger Health System Rural Health Care Fiber Network (TN, GA)

Mountain States Health Alliance (TN, VA)

Tennessee Telehealth Network (TN, KY)

West Virginia Telehealth Alliance (WV, VA, OH)

**Midwest/Great Plains**

Heartland Unified Broadband Network (SD, ND, IA, MN, NE, WY)

Sanford Health Collaboration and Communication Channel (SD, IA, MN)

Iowa Health System (IA, IL)

Iowa Rural Health Telecommunications Program (IA, NE, SD)

**New England**

New England Telehealth Consortium (ME, VT, NH)

**Northeast**

Northeast HealthNet (PA, NY)

**Pacific**

Pacific Broadband Telehealth Demonstration Project (HI, AS, GU)

**Southwest**

Southwest Telehealth Access Grid (AZ, NM, TX, CO, CA, NV, UT)