+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| **Radiocommunication Study Groups**          | ![](medi              |
|                                              | a/image1.png){width=" |
|                                              | 1.9270833333333333in" |
|                                              | height="0.8125in"}    |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
|                                              |                       |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
|                                              |                       |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Source: Document 5-6/TEMP/26                 | **Annex 7 to\         |
|                                              | Document 5-6/53-E**   |
| Subject: WRC-11 Agenda item 1.17,\           |                       |
| Resolution 749 (WRC-07),\                    |                       |
| Administrative Circular CA/171               |                       |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
|                                              | **19 November 2008**  |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
|                                              | **English only**      |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Annex 7 to Joint Task Group 5-6 Chairman\'s  |                       |
| Report                                       |                       |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Preliminary Draft methodologies (including   |                       |
| interference objectives) for sharing studies |                       |
| between the mobile service, on the one hand, |                       |
| and the terrestrial broadcasting,\           |                       |
| fixed and aeronautical radionavigation       |                       |
| services,\                                   |                       |
| on the other hand, in the band 790-862 mhz   |                       |
+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+

The objective of this document is to provide methodologies for sharing
studies for Regions 1 and 3 in the band 790--862 MHz between the mobile
service, on the one hand, and the terrestrial broadcasting, fixed and
aeronautical navigation services, on the other hand, in order to respond
to the requirements of Resolution 749 (WRC-07).

It is noted that materials imported from ITU-R Reports have to be agreed
by JTG 5-6.

The methodologies are provided in three Annexes, as indicated below:

**Annex 1**: Methodologies (including interference objectives) for
sharing studies between the mobile service, on the one hand, and the
terrestrial broadcasting service, on the other hand, in the band
790--862 MHz (Document Temp/16).

**Annex 2**: Methodologies (including interference objectives) for
sharing studies between the mobile service, on the one hand, and the
fixed service, on the other hand, in the band 790--862 MHz (Document
Temp/17).

**Annex 3**: Methodologies (including interference objectives) for
sharing studies between the mobile service, on the one hand, and the
aeronautical radionavigation service, on the other hand, in the band
790--862 MHz (Document Temp/14).

[\[NOTE 1: The material contained in this document needs to be verified
and if necessary made consistent with the decisions made by the JTG 5-6
(e.g. Section 6.3 of Annex 1)\]]{.mark}

[\[NOTE by the Chairman JTG 5-6: Annex 4 is included following the
remarks made by the SWG-2 Chairman at the JTG 5-6 plenary meeting with
regard to some pending issues in the methodology. This information was
not presented to and, thus, was not considered by the meeting; however,
it is intended to provide further assistance to the participants in
applying the methodology developed.\]]{.mark}

Annex 1\
\
Methodologies (including interference objectives) for sharing studies
between the mobile service, on the one hand, and the terrestrial
broadcasting\
Service, on the other hand, in the band 790-862 MHz

# Introduction

The objective of this document is to provide methodologies for sharing
studies for Regions 1 and 3 in the band 790--862 MHz between BS and MS
in order to respond to the requirement of Resolution 749.

This work follows from the decision of JTG 5-6 to organize its work in
term of six distinct Steps. Methodologies are to be dealt with in Step 3
which reads:

"Development of methodologies (including interference objectives) for
sharing studies between the mobile service, on the one hand, and the
terrestrial broadcasting, fixed and aeronautical radionavigation
services, on the other hand, in the band 790-862 MHz."

# 2 Definitions

## 2.1 **Protection Ratio**

The Radio Regulations (RR. 1.170) define the protection ratio as "the
minimum value of the wanted-to-unwanted signal ratio, usually expressed
in decibels, at the receiver input, determined under specified
conditions such that a specified reception quality of the wanted signal
is achieved at the receiver output."

Thus, the protection ratio reflects the ability of a receiver to
discriminate the wanted signal against interfering signals. It is a
function of frequency offset between the useful and interfering signals.
Protection ratios are defined over a frequency range. It is usual
*practice* to measure the protection ratios at 3 dB above the
sensitivity of the receiver under test this indicates clearly when
interference affects the receiver's sensitivity.

## Overloading Threshold

The receiver blocking is the effect of non co-channel strong signals, at
frequencies at or beyond adjacent channels, on the receiver's ability to
detect a low-level useful signal. The blocking response of a receiver is
defined as the maximum interfering signal level (in dBm) reducing the
specified receiver sensitivity by a certain number of dB\'s (usually 3
dB).The overloading threshold (or receiver front-end overloading
threshold) is the maximum interfering signal level (in dBm) where above
that level, the receiver starts to lose its ability to discriminate
against interfering signals at frequencies at or beyond adjacent
channels Under these conditions, the deterioration in receiver
performance is mostly due to the intermodulation products, generated at
the receiver front-end, falling into the useful channel.

## 2.3 Location Probability

Location probability is the probability that within a given (small) area
a field strength level is exceeded at a required percentage of points.

## 2.4 Coverage Area Definitions

The coverage area of a station, or a group of stations (for example in
the case of a single frequency network), is the area within which the
wanted field strength is equal to or exceeds the usable field strength
defined for specified reception conditions. In defining the coverage
area for each reception condition, a three‑level approach is taken.
Figure 1 sketches the different levels of coverage.

Figure 1

Different levels of coverage

> ![](media/image2.wmf){width="5.4215277777777775in"
> height="6.398611111111111in"}

### 2.4.1 Receiving Location

The smallest unit is a receiving location; optimal receiving conditions
will be found by moving the antenna up to 0.5 m in any direction.

A receiving location is regarded as being covered if the level of the
wanted signal is high enough to overcome noise and interference for a
given percentage of the time.

### 2.4.2 Small Area (Pixel) Coverage

The second level is a "small area" or "pixel" (typically 100 m by
100 m). In this small area the percentage of covered receiving locations
is indicated. A pixel is called covered if a given percentage is
reached. Typical values are 70%, 95% or 99%.

### 2.4.3 Coverage Area

The coverage area of a station, or a group of stations, is made up of
the sum of the individual small areas in which a given percentage (e.g.
70% to 99%) of coverage is achieved. In other words, the coverage area
is the set of covered pixels.

## 2.5 Interference Probability

Report ITU-R SM.2028-1 refers to "probability of interference" as "the
probability that reception capability of the receiver under
consideration is impaired by the presence of an interferer".

Based on that concept interference probability (or probability of
interference) will refer here generally to the additional probability of
reception impairment that a new source of interference may introduce at
reception locations. It is generally assumed that the interfering source
is located outside the coverage area.

## 2.6 Coverage Area Loss

Coverage area loss describes the loss of covered area if an additional
interfering source is added. The coverage area loss represents the
percentage of lost area relative to the originally covered area. An
interference probability can be mapped into a corresponding coverage
area loss.

## 2.7 Coverage Holes

A coverage hole is an area within an existing broadcast coverage area
which is no longer covered due to the introduction of a new interference
source (such as mobile uplink or downlink transmitters). An area is no
longer covered when, due to the introduction of an additional source of
interference, the reception location probability within that area no
longer reaches (or exceeds) 95%, the limit used within the GE06 Plan for
defining DVB broadcast coverage.

# 3 Systems and Networks Parameters

This section may need to include material from the output developed by
SWG1 of JTG5-6.

## 3.1 Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting

### 3.1.1 DVB-T

#### 3.1.1.1 Location probabilities

For fixed reception, a location probability of 95% shall be used.

For portable indoor and outdoor reception, a location probability of 95%
shall be used.

For mobile reception of DVB-T, a location probability of 95% shall be
used.

#### 3.1.1.2 Protection Ratios

To be defined using the output of SWG1 of JTG 5/6 on Broadcasting
characteristics, including Protection Ratios.

### 3.1.2 DVB-H

#### 3.1.2.1 Protection Ratios

### 3.1.3 ISDB-T

#### 3.1.3.1 Protection Ratios

### 3.1.4 ATSC

#### 3.1.4.1 Protection Ratios

### 3.1.5 China DTV

#### 3.1.5.1 Protection Ratios

### 3.1.6 DVB-T2

#### 3.1.6.1 Protection Ratios

## 3.2 Analogue Television

### 3.2.1 Protection Ratios

## 3.3 Mobile Service

### 3.3.1 Protection Ratios

# 4 Reference Compatibility Scenarios

## 4.1 Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting

### 4.1.1 DVB-T

#### 4.1.1.1 Reference Study Parameters

Values of representative broadcast parameters are provided for fixed
reception in Table 4.1, and for mobile/portable outdoor reception in
Table 4.2, and for portable indoor reception in Table 4.3. [\[NOTE --
the values in square brackets are to be confirmed as reference values by
the JGT 5-6\]]{.mark}

Table 4.1

  --------------- ----------------------------------- ------------------------
  **Fixed         ERP (kW)                            \[0.1, 1, 10, 100\]
  reception                                           
  broadcast                                           
  parameters1**                                       

  2               Operational Frequency (MHz)         \[470-862\]

  3               Reference frequency                 790 MHz

  4               Transmit antenna height (m)         \[75, 150, 300\]

  5               Transmit antenna pattern            \[Omni-directional or
                                                      see Figure\]

  6               Receive antenna height (m)          \[10\]

  7               Receive antenna gain (dBd)          \[12\]

  8               Polarisation                        \[V, H\]

  9               Receive antenna feeder loss (dB)    \[5\]

  10              Receive antenna pattern             \[Rec. ITU-R BT.419-3;
                                                      see Fig.1\]

  11              Median coverage-edge field strength \[58\]
                  at \[10\] m (dBV/m)                 

  12              E~min~: Minimum equivalent field    \[49\]
                  strength at reception place (this   
                  is the minimum value needed at the  
                  antenna input, and thus includes rx 
                  antenna gain)                       

  13              Location probability (%)            \[95\]

  14              Building penetration loss (dB)      \[0\]

  15              Building penetration loss standard  \[0\]
                  deviation (dB)                      

  16              Environment                         \[Urban, suburban,
                                                      rural\]

  17              Coverage radius (km)                \[Determined by #s 1, 2,
                                                      4, 10, 11, \]
  --------------- ----------------------------------- ------------------------

Note that polarisation discrimination can be taken into account, where
applicable, with a combined discrimination value of \[16\] dB for all
angles of azimuth.

Table 4.2

Mobile and portable outdoor reception broadcast parameters

  ---- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------
  1    ERP (kW)                                \[0.1, 1, 10, 100\]

  2    Operational Frequency (MHz)             \[470-862\]

  3    Reference frequency                     790 MHz

  4    Transmit antenna height (m)             \[75, 150, 300\]

  5    Transmit antenna pattern                \[Omni-directional or see
                                               Figure\]

  6    Receive antenna height (m)              \[1.5\]

  7    Receive antenna gain (dBd)              \[0\]

  8    Receive antenna feeder loss (dB)        \[0\]

  9    Receive antenna pattern                 \[Omni-directional\]

  10   Median coverage-edge field strength at  \[81\]
       \[10\] m (dBV/m)                        

  11   Median coverage-edge field strength at  \[63\]
       \[1.5\] m (dBV/m)                       

  12   E~min~: Minimum equivalent field        \[54\]
       strength at reception place (this is    
       the minimum value needed at the antenna 
       input, and thus includes rx antenna     
       gain)                                   

  13   Height loss (dB) for use with GE06      \[18 dB\]

  14   Location probability (%)                \[95\]

  15   Building penetration loss (dB)          \[0\]

  16   Building penetration loss standard      \[0\]
       deviation (dB)                          

  17   Environment                             \[urban, suburban, rural\]

  18   Coverage radius (km)                    \[Determined by #s 1, 2, 3,
                                               9, 10, \]
  ---- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------

Table 4.3

Portable indoor reception broadcast parameters

  ---- -------------------------------------- ---------------------------
  1    ERP (kW)                               \[0.1, 1, 10, 100\]

  2    Operational Frequency (MHz)            \[470-862\]

  3    Reference frequency                    790 MHz

  4    Transmit antenna height (m)            \[75, 150, 300\]

  5    Transmit antenna pattern               \[Omni-directional or see
                                              Figure\]

  6    Receive antenna height (m)             \[1.5\]

  7    Receive antenna gain (dBd)             \[0\]

  8    Receive antenna feeder loss (dB)       \[0\]

  9    Receive antenna pattern                \[Omni-directional\]

  10   Median coverage-edge field strength at \[91\]
       \[10\] m (dBV/m)                       

  11   Median coverage-edge field strength at \[73\]= 91 -18
       \[1.5\] m (dBV/m)                      

  12   E~min~: Minimum equivalent field       \[52\]
       strength at reception place (this is   
       the minimum value needed at the        
       antenna input, and thus includes rx    
       antenna gain)                          

  13   Location probability (%)               \[90, 95\]

  14   Building penetration loss (dB)         \[8\]

  15   Building penetration loss standard     \[5.5\]
       deviation (dB)                         

  16   Environment                            \[Urban, suburban, rural\]

  17   Coverage radius (km)                   \[Determined by #s 1, 2, 3,
                                              9, 10,11, 12\]
  ---- -------------------------------------- ---------------------------

Note that the reference building penetration loss, where applicable, is
taken to be \[8\] dB with a \[5.5\] dB standard deviation.

#### Reference antenna patterns for broadcasting

##### 4.1.1.2.1 Transmit antenna

The reference broadcast transmit antenna is omni-directional for a
'central' transmitter, or has \[‑6/‑12\] dB attenuation beyond 120°\[,
with a sharp cut-off\] for a 'vertex' transmitter in an SFN; see the
Figure.

Figure 4.1

Transmit antenna pattern for broadcast

![](media/image3.png){width="3.5236111111111112in" height="2.46875in"}

##### 4.1.1.2.2 Receive antenna

Reference receive antenna for portable and mobile reception are
omni-directional. The reference fixed receiving antenna pattern is given
in the following Figure (for Band V):

Figure 4.2

![](media/image4.wmf)Broadcast Receive Antenna Characteristics (Rec.
ITU-R BT.419-3)

The curves in Figure 4.2 are valid for signals of vertical or horizontal
polarization, when both the wanted and the unwanted signals have the
same polarization.

##### Polarisation

Broadcast transmissions may use horizontal, vertical, or mixed
polarisation. Fixed reception may be with horizontal or vertical
polarisation.

In the case of orthogonal polarization the combined discrimination
provided by directivity and orthogonality cannot be calculated by adding
together the separate discrimination values. A combined discrimination
value of \[16\] dB is to be applied for all angles of azimuth.

#### Network topology (Reference network configurations)

The simplest broadcast reference configuration consists of a single
broadcast transmitter: this gives rise to a circular coverage area (CA)
of radius 'r'. Various reference coverage areas (effective antenna
heights, ERPs, etc.) are:

Table 4.4

Network parameters for different broadcast reference network
configurations

  -------------- --------- ----------- --------------------- ------------ ----------
  **Coverage**   **ERP**   **h~tx~**   **Reception/h~rx~**   **E~ref~**   **r**

  CA~1~          \[\]      \[\]        F/10 m                \[\]         \[\]

  CA~2~          \[\]      \[\]        M&PO/1.5 m            \[\]         \[\]

  CA~3~          \[\]      \[\]        PI/1.5 m              \[\]         \[\]

  CA~4~          \[\]      \[\]        ...                   \[\]         \[\]
  -------------- --------- ----------- --------------------- ------------ ----------

Single frequency networks (SFNs) may also be considered. They have
stuctures as shown in the Figures below. The distances d between
transmitters, and the network diameters D depend on the reference
parameters used, e.g. effective antenna height, ERP, antenna patterns,
median field strength, etc. Single frequency networks can be configured
as open (O) or closed (C) networks reflecting the usage of
omni-directional antenas at the periphery of the networks or antennas
directed towards the centre of the coverag area, respectively.

Table 4.5

Network parameters for open and closed networks

  -------------- --------- ----------- ----------------- ------------------ ----------
  **Network**    **ERP**   **h~tx~**   **Pattern**       **E~ref~/h~rx~**   **d/D**

  O~6~           \[\]      \[\]        ND                \[\]/\[\]          \[\]

  C~6~           \[\]      \[\]        ND/\[-12 dB\]     \[\]/\[\]          \[\]

  O~3~           \[\]      \[\]        ND                \[\]/\[\]          \[\]

  C~3~           \[\]      \[\]        ND/\[-6 dB\]      \[\]/\[\]          \[\]
  -------------- --------- ----------- ----------------- ------------------ ----------

+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Figure 4.3                       | Figure 4.4                        |
|                                  |                                   |
| Open hexagonal network, 6        | Closed hexagonal network, 6       |
| transmitters: O~6~               | transmitters: C~6~                |
+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

![](media/image5.wmf)

+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Figure 4.5                       | Figure 4.6                        |
|                                  |                                   |
| Open hexagonal network, 3        | Closed hexagonal network, 3       |
| transmitters: O~3~               | transmitters: C~3~                |
+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

![](media/image7.wmf)

### 4.1.2 DVB-H 

### 4.1.3 ISDB-T

### 4.1.4 ATSC

### 4.1.5 China DTV

### 4.1.6 DVB-T2

## 4.1.7 Analogue Television

## Mobile Service

### Reference Parameters

Values of representative mobile base station (downlink) parameters are
provided in Table 4.6; corresponding values for mobile reception
(uplink) are given in Table 4.7.

[\[NOTE: ACLR/ACS parameters should be provided as well, and standard
UMTS (CDMA and LTE) channel configurations and characteristics need to
be reviewed and confirmed. Furthermore, information is needed about the
so-called activity factor of handheld which corresponds to a temporal
statistic.\]]{.mark}

Table 4.6

Base station (downlink) parameters

  ---- ---------------------------------- --------------------------------
  1    EIRP (dBm)                         \[35, 43, 50\]

  2    Frequency (MHz)                    \[790-862\]

  3    Transmit/receive antenna height    \[30, 50, 100\]
       (m)                                

  4    Transmit/receive antenna gain      \[15\]
       (dBi)                              

  5    Transmit/receive antenna feeder    \[3\]
       loss (dB)                          

  6    Transmit/receive horizontal        \[Omnidirectional or tri-sector,
       antenna pattern                    see Figure x\]

  7    Transmit/receive vertical antenna  \[Rec. ITU-R F.1336-1 or see
       pattern                            Figure below\]

  8    Transmit/receive antenna downward  \[3\]
       tilt (°)                           

  9    Polarisation                       \[V, H, M\]

  10   Receive sensitivity (dBm)          \[-122\]

  11   Effective receive sensitivity      \[= #10 -- #4 + #5\]
       (dBm)                              

  12   Noise floor (dBm)                  \[-103\]

  13   Allowed noise rise (dB)            \[6\]

  14   Location probability (%)           \[90, 95\]

  15   Building penetration loss (dB)     \[0\]

  16   Building penetration loss standard \[10\]
       deviation (dB)                     

  17   Environment                        \[urban, suburban, rural\]

  18   Cell radius (km)                   \[Determined by #s 1, 2, \]
  ---- ---------------------------------- --------------------------------

Table 4.7

Mobile station (uplink) parameters

  ---- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------
  1    Maximum EIRP (dBm)                          \[21 - 24\]

  2    Frequency (MHz)                             \[790-862\]

  3    Transmit/receive antenna height (m)         \[1.5\]

  4    Transmit/receive antenna gain (dBi)         \[-6\]

  5    Transmit/receive antenna feeder loss (dB)   \[0\]

  6    Transmit/receive horizontal antenna pattern \[Omni-directional\]

  7    Transmit/receive vertical antenna pattern   \[Omni-directional\]

  8    Body loss (dB)                              \[3-9\]

  9    Receive sensitivity (dBm)                   \[-117\]

  10   Effective receive sensitivity (dBm)         \[= #9 -- #4 + #5 + #8\]

  11   Power control algorithm                     See section 4.2.1.1

  12   Power control dynamic range (dB)            \[70\]

  13   Location probability (%)                    \[90, 95\]

  14   Building penetration loss (dB)              \[15\]

  15   Building penetration loss standard          \[10\]
       deviation (dB)                              

  16   Environment                                 \[urban, suburban\]
  ---- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------

[]{.mark}

[\[NOTE: mobile community is invited to provide the correct structure of
the tables above as well as proposals for the values of the parameters
SWG1 ???\]]{.mark}

#### Power Control Algorithms

The following power control equation can be used for simulations:

![](media/image9.wmf){width="2.533333333333333in"
height="0.5680555555555555in"} (4.1)

where *P*~max~ is the maximum transmit power, *R*~min~ is the minimum
power reduction ratio to prevent UEs with good channels to transmit at
very low power level, *PL* is the path loss for the UE and *PL~x-~*~ile~
is the *x*-percentile path loss value. With this power control equation,
the *x* percent of UEs that have the highest pathloss will transmit at
*P*~max~. Finally, 0 \< \<= 1 is the balancing factor for UEs with bad
channel and UEs with good channel.

The parameter sets for power control are specified in table 4.8.

Table 4.8

Power control algorithm parameter

  ----------- -------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
  Parameter   Gamma    PLx-ile                                         PLx-ile     
  set                  (E-UTRA and                                     (LTE)       
                       3.84 Mcps                                                   
                       TDD UTRA)                                                   

                       20 MHz      15 MHz      10 MHz      5 MHz       10 MHz      5 MHz
                       bandwidth   bandwidth   bandwidth   bandwidth   bandwidth   bandwidth

  Set 1       1        109         110         112         115         112         115

  Set 2       0.8      TBD         TBD         129         133         129         133
  ----------- -------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------

For LTE, P~max~ = 24 dBm, R~min~ = -54 dB if UE minimum power is -30 dBm
(or R~min~ = -64 dB if UE minimum power is -40 dBm).

[\[NOTE: The information in this section might need to be revised at a
later stage. The algorithm above has been used when deriving information
that was submitted to be included in this methodology
document.\]]{.mark}

### Antenna Related Parameters

#### Base Station Antenna Patterns (transmit and receive)

The base station transmit and receive antenna is assumed to have a
directional, tri-sector, character. The effective antenna gain taken
here is \[12 = 15 - 3\] dB**.**

#### Horizontal Pattern

The horizontal pattern (for transmission and reception) is taken to be:

$\begin{array}{r}
H(\theta) = - \text{min}(\text{12}\left( \frac{\theta}{\theta_{3\text{dB}}} \right)^{2},H_{m})\  - \text{180}^{\circ} \leq \theta \leq \text{180}^{\circ} \\
\theta_{3\text{dB}} = \text{65}^{\circ},\ H_{m} = \text{20}\text{dB}
\end{array}$ (4.2)

This pattern is displayed in the Figure 4.7.

Figure 4.7

Horizontal receive antenna radiation pattern: H()

![](media/image10.png){width="3.4916666666666667in"
height="1.8333333333333333in"}

#### Vertical Pattern

The vertical pattern (for transmission and reception) is taken to be:

$\begin{array}{r}
V(\theta) = - \text{min}(\text{12}\left( \frac{\theta}{\theta_{3\text{dB}}} \right)^{2},V_{m})\  - \text{90}^{\circ} \leq \theta \leq \text{90}^{\circ} \\
\theta_{3\text{dB}} = \text{65}^{\circ},\ V_{m} = \text{30}\text{dB}
\end{array}$ (4.3)

This pattern is displayed in the Figure 4.8.

Figure 4.8

Vertical receive antenna radiation pattern: V()

![](media/image11.png){width="3.6416666666666666in" height="2.225in"}

#### Polarisation

Mobile base station antennas may have horizontal, vertical or mixed
polarisation. Polarisation of mobile handsets will not be taken into
account.

### Network Topology (Reference Cellular Network Configurations)

#### Single Cell

Figure 4.9

Single cell configuration

![](media/image12.wmf){width="1.6069444444444445in"
height="1.6784722222222221in"}

#### Tri-sector mobile cell structure

In a tri-sector mobile network structure (see Figure 4.10), base
stations serve 3 contiguous hexagonal cells with three directional
antennas; their respective antenna patterns are given above in Figures
4.7 and 4.8.

Figure 4.10

Tri-sector cell Configuration

![](media/image13.wmf){width="3.6569444444444446in"
height="2.421527777777778in"}

Within a larger grouping of cells the base stations are situated as in
the following Figure 4.11:

Figure 4.11

Extended tri-sector cell configuration

![](media/image14.jpeg){width="3.05in" height="2.321527777777778in"}

#### Basic network

The basic network unit used is a cluster of 19 cells, see Figure 4.12.

Figure 4.12

The basic mobile reference network unit, a cluster of 19 cells

![](media/image15.wmf){width="1.8930555555555555in"
height="1.6645833333333333in"}

There are N~U~ active users per cell, giving 19N~U~ active users per
cluster. The active users are randomly distributed throughout the
cluster of 19 cells. This cluster is then 'mirrored' onto a surrounding
layer of identical clusters, see Figure 4.13.

Figure 4.13

The basic mobile reference network unit, a cluster of 19 cells

![](media/image16.wmf){width="3.375in" height="3.0444444444444443in"}

#### Network parameters

Table 4.9

Mobile network parameters

  ------------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ----------
  **Cell**      **EIRP               **h~eff~              **Active           **R**
                (dBm)**              (m)**                 users/cell**       

                **up**    **down**   **up**     **down**                      

  **S**         \[21\]    \[\]       \[1.5\]    \[30\]     \[\]               \[0.5\]

  **M**         \[21\]    \[\]       \[1.5\]    \[30\]     \[\]               \[1.0\]

  **L**         \[24\]    \[\]       \[1.5\]    \[30\]     \[\]               \[5.0\]

  **VL**        \[24\]    \[\]       \[1.5\]    \[30\]     \[\]               \[10.0\]
  ------------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ----------

**[\[NOTE: S (small), M (medium), L (large) VL (very large), some text
is missing, the same for R\]]{.mark}**

# 5 Compatibility Assessment

## 5.1 Propagation Model

There's a need for a propagation model that may cover distances from few
meters to distances up to the coverage radius, and beyond, of
broadcasting high power transmitters.

There are common, or at least agreed, models within the telecom (Hata
model) and broadcasting (Rec. ITU R P-1546-3) communities but each
community has its own propagation tool; this fact is due to the
specificity of the intended coverages which are also different. In order
to conduct sharing studies which have to be agreed by both parties, an
amalgamation of those models is proposed here.

The propagation model is based on a set of reference parameters, and a
prescription ('algorithm') for propagation predictions based on an
application of the Hata model for short distances (0 km to 0.1 km), the
Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 for long distances (1.0 km to 1 000 km), and a means
to interpolate between the predictions at 0.1 km and those at 1.0 km.

A set of 'reference' values for transmitter and receiver antenna height
and reference frequencies is presented in Appendix A.1. The 'algorithm'
for propagation predictions is presented in section Appendix A.2.

The proposed method addresses the reciprocity of the predictions; the
predictions of the Hata model are generally reciprocal with respect to
designations of the transmitting/base station and the receiver/mobile
station terminal while Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 does not follow the
reciprocity principle.

## 5.2 Field Strength Aggregation Methods

### 5.2.1 Analytic Methods

#### Field Strength Aggregation by Means of the Power Sum Method

The power sum is the logarithmic value of the sum of the individual
field *E~i~* strengths expressed as arithmetic powers:

![](media/image17.wmf){width="1.5in" height="0.5in"} (5.1)

where *E~i~* represents the individual field strengths in dBV/m.

### 5.2.2 Statistical Methods

### Field Strength Aggregation by Means of Monte-Carlo-Simulation

The Monte Carlo Technique is a statistical technique that functions by
considering many independent instants in time. For each instant, or
simulation trial, a scenario is built up using a number of different
random variables. The random variables will be mainly the positions of
the uplinks in the system, the channels and services required by the
users. If a sufficient number of trials are considered then the
probability of a certain event occurring (such as for example the
probability that a user is interfered) can be calculated with a high
level of accuracy.

### 5.2.3 Mixed Methods

#### Field Strength Aggregation by Means of the Log-Normal-Method

The log-normal method is an approximation method for the statistical
computation of the sum distribution of several log-normally distributed
variables. The method uses analytical formulas and is based on the
assumption that the resulting sum distributions of the wanted and
unwanted fields are also log-normal. To some extent, the LNM is able to
cope with different standard deviations of the single field
distributions.

## 5.3 Overall calculation procedures

### Basics

Broadcast coverage area is defined in section 2.4. This definition
includes, implicitly, a reception location probability of the wanted
signal. In the presence of a potential interference source, the location
probability of the interference must also be taken into account. The
location probability value usually used for planning DVB is taken to be
95%; an area with a reception location probability less than 95% is
considered to be not covered.

The concept of location probability introduces a statistical element
into the compatibility calculations: simple deterministic calculations
can be carried out, but these need to include statistical ('random')
considerations. Broadcast reception is possible at a point where the
wanted signal field strength is sufficiently large compared to the
combined interfering signals (including noise). To ensure reception
throughout a small area (i.e., coverage of that small area), the
required difference between the wanted field strength and the
interferences must be achieved (or exceeded) for at least 95% of the
locations within that small area.

An example of possible calculations is the following. The calculation of
the location probability of broadcast coverage of a certain small area
may be, say, 98 % or more in the presence of a given set of interferers.
When an additional interferer is introduced, this coverage location
probability may drop to, say, 96 %.

The statistics can be treated in at least two manners, either by using a
Monte Carlo approach where the parameter probability distributions are
used to determine random 'simulations' (representing reception
'events'), or by using probabilistic formulas in an analytic
('deterministic') approach. The analytic approach is described in
section 5.2.1, and the Monte Carlo approach is described in
section 5.2.2.

### Analytic/deterministic method/approach

#### General overview

An analytic/deterministic approach to doing calculations involving
statistical distributions is described in the following.

In compatibility calculations, the wanted and interfering field
strengths are statistical values varying around a median value (usually
this is taken as a 'log-normal' distribution, involving a 5.5 dB
standard deviation location variation). Because broadcast coverage is
determined in terms of a location probability[^1] these probability
distributions must be taken into account.

The location probability distribution for the field strength is taken to
be 'log-normal' and follows the following formula:

$p(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma}e^{- (x - E_{\text{med}}\frac{)^{2}}{(}2\sigma^{2})}$.
(5.2)

"p(x)" is the probability density for the field strength x (dBV/m),
where E~med~ is the median value, and is the standard deviation of the
field strength distribution.

Then the field strength that can be expected to be exceeded for P% of
the location can be expressed by

E(P%) = Emed -- (P%), (5.3)

where (P%) is the probability factor for P% location probability. This
can be represented pictorially as follows, for a 95% and for a 99%
location probability:

Figure 5.1

**Location Probability Density**

(95% field strength level as a function of Emed)

![](media/image18.png){width="4.372222222222222in"
height="2.6277777777777778in"}

figure 5.2

**Location Probability Density**

(99% field strength level as a function of Emed)

![](media/image19.png){width="4.354861111111111in"
height="2.7555555555555555in"}

For example, (95%) = 1.64, (99%) = 2.33 which means that if E~med~ = 50
dBV/m, then

E(95%) = Emed - (95%) = 50 -- 1.645.5 = 41.0 dBV/m, (5.4)

E(99%) = E~med~ - (99%) = 50 -- 2.335.5 = 37.2 dBV/m. (5.5)

In other words, if the median field strength is 50 dBV/m, a field
strength of 41.0 dBV/m will be met or exceeded at 95% of the nearby
locations, and a field strength of 37.2 dBV/m will be met or exceeded at
99% of the nearby locations.

Because the predicted field strength follows a log-normal type of
distribution with respect to location probability, the dB difference
between two fields can also be described as above for a single field:

\[E~W~ -- E~I~\](P%) = (E~Wmed~ -- E~Imed~) -- (P%)(~W~^2^ +
~I~^2^)^1/2^. (5.6)

Unfortunately the probability distribution of the power is not
log-normal, so the power sum of two fields does not follow such a simple
rule. For example, if two wanted signals in an SFN are power summed (or
two interfering fields are power summed) the resultant power also
deviates from a log-normal behaviour, the mean value of the composite
signal is larger than the arithmetic sum of the individual means, and
the standard deviation of the resultant is less than that of the
original. This means that for very accurate deterministic power sum
calculations more complex methods are required[^2]. A simple
approximation for power summing may be to assume that the resultant
median is equal to the sum of the medians (i.e., is smaller than it
really is and therefore 'optimistic'), and the standard deviation
remains the same (i.e. is larger than it really is and therefore
'pessimistic'); the two effects may tend to cancel each other a bit.

In the case of potential interference coming from two or more co-sited
mobile base stations, the interfering signals could be considered to be
100% correlated, and then the resultant median would in fact be the sum
of the medians, and the standard deviation would remain unchanged.

#### Wanted signal and noise only

In the simplest case, with no interfering sources present, the wanted
signal, E~W~, at a reception point must equal or exceed the minimum
field strength (that field strength which exceeds the noise level by the
relevant C/N ratio), E~Wmin~:

E~w~ ≥ E~Wmin~. (5.7)

In order that an area can be considered as covered, the wanted field
strength must exceed E~Wmin~ at 95 % of the locations within the area,
and this will be achieved when the median wanted field strength,
E~Wmed~, within the area has the value:

E~Wmed~ = E~Wmin~ + (95%) (5.8)

where (95%) is the statistical distribution factor (for 95% of the
locations) and is the location standard deviation of the wanted field
strength. This can be represented pictorially as follows:

figure 5.3

**Location Probability Density**

(Emed as a function of Emin to ensure 95% location probability)

![](media/image20.png){width="4.308333333333334in"
height="2.7847222222222223in"}

For example, this means that if E~min~ = 45 dBV/m, E~med~ = 45 + 9 = 54
dBV/m. In this case, if a [median]{.underline} field strength of 54
dBV/m is achieved in a given small area, then the [minimum]{.underline}
field strength E~min~ = 45 dBV/m will be achieved (or exceeded) at 95%
of the locations within that small area.

**5.3.2.2 Wanted signal and one interferer**

In the next simplest case, with one interfering source E~I~, the wanted
signal, E~W~, at a reception point must equal or exceed the interfering
field strength by the relevant protection ratio, PR:

E~w~ ≥ E~I~ + PR. (5.9)

Once again, to ensure protection within the small covered area (i.e. at
95 % of the locations), the median wanted field strength (E~Wmed~) must
exceed the median interfering field strength (E~Imed~) as in the
following expression:

E~Wmed~ ≥ E~Imed~ + PR + (95%)(~W~^2^ + ~I~^2^) (5.10)

The last term in the preceding expression is the location correction
factor, which takes into account the statistical location variations of
both the wanted and interfering signals (i.e., ~W~ and ~I~).

#### Wanted signal and one (or more) interferer plus noise

When dealing with more than one source of interference in a given
calculation, it is useful to introduce and use the concept of 'nuisance
field'.

The noise nuisance field, E~noise~ is simply the value of E~Wmin~:
N~noise~ = E~Wmin~. Note that the standard deviation of the noise
nuisance field is ~N~ = 0 dB (because the noise is assumed to have a
constant, i.e., non-varying, value).

The i^th^ nuisance field, N~Ii~, of any given interferer, I~i~, is:
N~Ii~ = E~Iimed~ + PR~i~, where E~Iimed~ is the median interfering field
strength of the i^th^ interferer, and PR~i~ is the relevant protection
ratio for the wanted signal with respect to the i^th^ interferer.

Two approaches are possible if noise and one interferer are to be
protected against: either

-- protect against noise and the interferer individually

E~Wmed~ ≥ N~noise~, and also

E~Wmed~ ≥ N~I1~ + (95%)(~W~^2^ + ~I1~^2^)

-- protect against noise and the interferer collectively[^3]

E~Wmed~ ≥ (N~I1~ N~noise~) + (95%)(~W~^2^ + ~I1~^2^)

where "" represents the power sum of the interferer and noise nuisance
fields.

A similar treatment can be followed with n interfering sources (n \> 1):

-- protect against noise and the interferers individually

E~Wmed~ ≥ N~noise~,

> E~Wmed~ ≥ N~Ii~ + (95%)(~W~^2^ + ~Ii~^2^), i = 1, 2, ..., n

-- protect against combined noise and interferers individually[^4]

E~Wmed~ ≥ (N~Ii~ N~noise~) + (95%)(~W~^2^ + ~Ii~^2^), i = 1, 2, ..., n.

As mentioned before, it is difficult to treat a cumulative power sum of
interfering effects for two or more (non co-sited) interferers using the
'easy' log-normal statistics.

#### Treatment of overload threshold

If, at any given reception point, any given interfering field strength
exceeds the overload threshold, O~th~, the above calculations become
more complicated. See Figure 5.1.[^5]

In general, for an interfering signal, I~U~, which is not too high, the
maximum interfering signal I~Umax~, for any given wanted signal level,
C~W~, is:

I~Umax~ = C~W~ + PR. (5.11)

That is, I~U~ ≤ I~Umax~ to avoid interference. See Cases 1 and 2 in
Figure 5.1.

Figure 5.1

Different interference cases

![](media/image21.wmf){width="5.854861111111111in"
height="2.982638888888889in"}

However, when the resulting value of I~Umax~ is larger than O~th~, the
actual maximum interfering field strength is O~th~ \< I~Umax~, and
therefore I~U~ \< O~th~. See Case 3 in Figure 5.1.

Thus, the treatment described in the above section must be modified in
cases where the interfering signal(s) reaches very high values.

The overload threshold may vary with frequency offset. So for a given
wanted signal, each 'adjacent channel' (N m~i~, m~i~ ≥ 1) may have its
'own' corresponding protection ratio, PR~i~. At least two calculations
must be made for each interfering signal:

E~Wmed~ ≥ N~Ii~ + (95%)(~W~^2^ + ~Ii~^2^) (the usual protection
condition) (5.12)

E~Iimed~ \< O~thi~ -- (95%)(~W~^2^ + ~Ii~^2^) (the overload protection
condition). (5.13)

The second indent implies that the overload condition should not occur
with more than a 5 % location probability.

If we define an 'overload nuisance field' as:

N~Othi~ = O~thi~ + PR (5.14)

then the second condition is equivalent to

N~Iimed~ \< N~Othi~ -- (95%)(~W~^2^ + ~Ii~^2^), (5.15)

i.e. the median i^th^ nuisance field must be less than the i^th^
'overload nuisance field' with a 95 % location probability.

If desired, the cumulative effects in the case of 'normal' (i.e., not
too large) interfering fields, can still be considered using an
approximate power sum approach (if the sources are not co-sited), or
without approximation (if the sources are co-sited), as before. Whether
the 'overload nuisance fields' should be power summed to provide a
cumulative interference effect must still be investigated with
measurements.

### Monte Carlo method/approach

#### General overview

A Monte Carlo method can be used to solve a complicated problem with
many variables (represented by a suitable 'model') by generating
appropriate random numbers representing the 'model' parameters. Each set
of randomly chosen parameter values is called a 'simulation'. Results
are obtained by observing that fraction of the numbers obeying some
property or properties calculated throughout a large number of
'simulations'. I.e., a calculation using a Monte Carlo method/approach
is based on the overall results of a large number of individual
analytic/deterministic calculations performed during each
'simulation'.The method is useful for obtaining numerical solutions to
problems which are too complicated to solve analytically. Two common
properties of Monte Carlo methods are:

-- the computation\'s reliance on good random numbers[^6] to reflect the
probabilistic nature of the problem,

-- its slow convergence to a better approximation as more data points
are sampled[^7]

The basis of each individual analytic calculation is chosen randomly
according to some distribution (e.g., uniform, log-normal, etc) of the
parameters involved in the model being studied. As there is no single
Monte Carlo method/approach, it is necessary to specify precisely the
approach to be followed for the purposes of the JTG 5-6 compatibility
studies.

The Monte Carlo method may be considered as following a set of 'steps'.

-- In the first step, the 'domain' of possible inputs must be
established. For example, when calculating compatibility of a mobile
base station (or uplink) interfering with broadcast reception, the
mobile base station (or uplink) may be located inside the broadcast
coverage area.

-- In the second step, within this 'domain' the relative position of the
mobile base station (or uplink) within the broadcast coverage area can
be selected among many possibilities, ranging from 'close to' to 'far
from' the broadcast transmitter[^8]. In the case of the mobile uplink,
the position of the uplink interferer can also be treated as a random
variable, sited relative to the corresponding base station.

-- In the third step, for each relative positioning of wanted and
interfering transmitter(s), there are many points of
reception/interference to be considered within the intended coverage
area: points close to (or far from) the interferer, close to (or far
from) the wanted transmitter, etc; these can be randomly chosen (in a
uniform manner, for example). At each selected reception/interference
point, the wanted broadcast field strength and the base station
interfering field strength may have a very large number of possible
different values, corresponding to the location probability distribution
of the propagation prediction model. In the case of the mobile uplink,
the uplink EIRP may be determined statistically, as a function of its
distance to its base station, and the corresponding interfering field
strength calculated statistically based on that value of EIRP and the
relative position of the uplink and the broadcast reception point. For
specific wanted signal and interfering signal(s) at a given point, an
analytic determination can be made as to whether reception is possible
or not.

-- In a fourth step, when many such determinations are made for many
points, the aggregate results of these individual computations can yield
an end result for the particular configuration of wanted transmitter
site relative to the interfering transmitter site(s).

Thus a Monte Carlo approach follows a particular pattern:

-- Define a domain of possible inputs.

-- Generate inputs randomly from the domain, and perform a deterministic
computation on them.

-- Aggregate the results of the individual computations into the final
result.

It may be said that some of the statistical analytic formulas used in a
deterministic approach are 'replaced by' the probabilistic distribution
of points, field strength values, etc, used in each deterministic
calculation of a Monte Carlo approach. The needed analytic calculations
for various interference situations are listed below.

#### Wanted signal and noise only

At a given point, a median wanted field strength (E~Wmed~) and a median
interfering field strength (E~Imed~) are provided by the propagation
prediction method (according to the relevant parameters). To obtain a
value of wanted field strength, E~W~, or interfering field strength,
E~I~, at a given point in a particular simulation, it is necessary to
use a randomising process, related to the statistics of the propagation
prediction method, to obtain the relevant distribution of field
strength. Thus a specific value for the deviation (~W~ or ~I~) of the
(wanted or interfering) field strength from the corresponding median
field strength (E~Wmed~ or E~Imed~) for each particular simulation must
be determined. In this way, a value of E~W~ is found as E~W~ = E~Wmed~ +
~W~, and E~I~ is found as E~I~ = E~Imed~ + ~I~, at any given point in
any given simulation.

To determine whether a small area is covered in the presence of a wanted
signal and a noise interference only, a sampling of the wanted field
strength at a large number of uniformly distributed points within the
small area is calculated. The wanted field strength, E~W~, is a function
of the distance between the wanted transmitter and the point in
question, as well as of the various parameters (e.g. transmitter antenna
height, ERP, receiver antenna height, etc); it is also a statistically
distributed variable at each point[^9].

For reception at any given point, the wanted signal, E~W~, at a
reception point must equal or exceed the minimum field strength (that
field strength which exceeds the noise level by the relevant C/N ratio),
E~Wmin~:

E~w~ ≥ E~Wmin~. (5.16)

In order that the small area can be considered as covered, the wanted
field strength, E~W~, must exceed E~Wmin~ at 95 % of the points
(locations) within that area. The number of points within the small area
where E~w~ ≥ E~Wmin~ divided by the total number of points considered
gives a reception location probability for the small area: a value ≥ 95
% means that the small area is covered.

It is seen that the statistics of the result (covered or not covered),
depend on the statistics of the input (the wanted field strength in this
case).

#### Wanted signal and one interferer

In the next simplest case, with one interfering source I~1~, the wanted
signal, E~W~, and the interfering signal, E~I1~, must be determined at
the reception point. For acceptable reception, E~W~, the wanted field
strength, must equal or exceed E~I1~, the interfering field strength, at
that point by the relevant protection ratio, PR~1~:

E~w~ ≥ E~I1~ + PR~1~. (5.17)

The wanted (E~W~) and interfering (E~I1~) field strength, values are
again determined, as before, from the propagation model, using the
appropriate parameters, including the median field strength prediction
and the statistical location probability distribution[^10].

In order that the small area can be considered as covered, the wanted
field strength, E~W~, must equal or exceed E~I1~ + PR~1~ at 95 % of the
points (locations) within that area. The number of points within the
small area where E~w~ ≥ E~I1~ + PR~1~, divided by the total number of
points considered gives a reception location probability for the small
area: a value ≥ 95 % means that the small area is covered.

It is seen that the statistics of the result (covered or not covered),
depend on the statistics of the input (the wanted field strength and the
interfering field strength in this case).

#### Wanted signal and one (or more) interferer plus noise

When dealing with more than one source of interference (I~i~, i = 1,. 2,
..., n) in a given calculation, it is useful to introduce and use the
concept of 'nuisance field'.

The noise nuisance field, E~Nnoise~ is simply the value of E~Wmin~:
N~noise~ = E~Wmin~. Note that the standard deviation of the noise
nuisance field is ~N~ = 0 dB (because the noise is assumed to have a
constant, i.e., non-varying, value).

The i^th^ nuisance field, N~Ii~, of any given interferer, I~i~, is:
N~Ii~ = E~Ii~ + PR~i~, where E~Ii~ is the interfering field strength of
the i^th^ interferer, and PR~i~ is the relevant protection ratio for the
wanted signal with respect to the i^th^ interferer.

The wanted (E~W~) and interfering (E~Ii~) field strength, values are
again determined, as before, from the propagation model, using the
appropriate parameters, including the median field strength prediction
and the statistical location probability distribution. The corresponding
nuisance fields can be determined: N~Ii~ = E~Ii~ + PR~i~.

Two approaches are possible if noise and one interferer are to be
protected against. Either

-- protect against noise and the interferer individually

E~W~ ≥ N~noise~, and also

E~W~ ≥ N~I1~ or

-- protect against noise and the interferer collectively

E~W~ ≥ N~I1~ N~noise~

where ""[^11] represents the power sum of the interferer and noise
nuisance fields.

A similar treatment can be followed with n interfering sources (n \> 1):

-- protect against noise and the interferers individually

E~W~ ≥ N~noise~,

E~W~ ≥ N~Ii~, i = 1, ..., n

-- protect against noise and also against the cumulative effects of the
interfering sources

E~W~ ≥ N~noise~,

E~W~ ≥ N~I1~ N~I2~ ... N~In~.

-- protect against noise and the interferers collectively

E~W~ ≥ N~I1~ N~I2~ ... N~In~ N~noise~.

By using the Monte Carlo approach, it is possible to use power summing
of several interfering signals without introducing the problems
associated with a pure analytic approach. This is because the statistics
are built into the selection of the points, field strengths, etc., after
which the analytic (non-statistical) calculations are carried out.

Note that it is assumed that there is no correlation between the wanted
and interfering signals.

In order that the small area can be considered as covered, the wanted
field strength, E~W~, must satisfy whichever set of the above conditions
at 95 % of the points (locations) within that area. The number of points
within the small area where the conditions are met divided by the total
number of points considered gives a reception location probability for
the small area: a value ≥ 95 % means that the small area is covered.

It is seen that the statistics of the result (covered or not covered),
depend on the statistics of the input (the wanted field strength and the
interfering field strength(s) in this case).

#### 5.3.3.5 Treatment of overload threshold

If, at any given reception point, any given interfering field strength
exceeds the overload threshold, O~th~, the above calculations become
more complicated as discussed in section 5.3.2.4.Thus, the treatment
described in the above section must be modified in cases where the
interfering signal(s) reaches very high values, although they still
might be within the normal protection ratio range of the wanted signal
(i.e., E~W~ \> E~I~ + PR).

The overload threshold may vary with frequency offset. So for a given
wanted signal, each 'adjacent channel' (N m~i~, m~i~ ≥ 1) may have its
'own' corresponding protection ratio, PR~i~. At least two calculations
must be made for each reception point to determine the wanted field
strength and the interfering field strengths (or nuisance fields). The
individual conditions, with respect to each interferer, for acceptable
reception are:

E~W~ ≥ N~Ii~ (the usual protection condition) (5.18)

E~Ii~ \< O~thi~ (the overload protection condition). (5.19)

If we define an 'overload nuisance field' as:

N~Othi~ = O~thi~ + PR~i~ (5.20)

then the second condition is equivalent to

N~Ii~ \< N~Othi~. (5.21)

The cumulative effects in the case of 'normal' (i.e., not too large)
interfering fields, can still be found using a power sum approach, as
before. Whether or not the 'overload nuisance fields' should be power
summed to provide a cumulative interference effect must still be
investigated and confirmed with measurements.

## Calculations Scenarios

In order to carry out sharing studies between broadcasting and mobile
service all relevant parameters and settings have to be specified. This
defines a calculation scenario.

### MFN or SFN Topology of Broadcasting Network

Digital terrestrial broadcasting networks can be deployed either in
terms of MFNs or a set of transmitters is configured as a SFN. This has
an impact on the number of signal contributions to be taken in to
account at a given point of reception. Clearly, this is relevant both
for wanted as well as for unwanted contributions. The consideration of
more than one transmitter requires the use of appropriate field strength
aggregation methods described above in order to evaluate their joint
impact.

In practice, quite often a wanted signal is interfered by signals
stemming not only from one but several networks. Therefore, an
interference assessment might need to take into account several networks
operated in SFN mode leading to a multitude of transmitters to be taken
into account.

### Network Topology of the Mobile Service

#### Downlink

Mobile service networks are deployed in terms of many small-sized cell
(small compared to typical broadcasting coverage areas). When evaluating
the interference of the downlink part of a mobile network the impact of
several cells onto the broadcasting service needs to be taken into
account. As in the case of a SFN structure of a broadcasting network,
field strength aggregation of several signal contribution has to be
properly accounted for.

#### Uplink

The uplink in a mobile service may be used at random times and be in
operation only for limited periods of time. In addition, its position
will be randomly situated within the mobile network cell.

Knowing the number of active uplinks within a cell, N, it is possible to
generate a very large number of sets of N randomly chosen sites within
each cell. Each set can be called an interference scenario.

The EIRP of each active uplink, within each scenario, can be calculated
in a statistical manner using its position, and the positions of the
surrounding base stations, the appropriate propagation model and (its
statistical aspects).

The incidences and the distributions of the uplink parameters can be
used to determine interference statistics, either in a Monte Carlo
manner (calculating interferences for each scenario and determining
cumulative statistics) or else using statistical formulas to give
overall results immediately. In addition, deterministic calculations
based on individual situations/circumstances can also provide useful
interference information.

### Frequency differences between signals

The mutual impact between broadcasting and mobile service networks
crucially depends on the frequencies used by them. Usually, a
distinction is made between co-channel and adjacent channel cases.
Co-channel refers to a case where the spectrum ranges occupied by both
networks overlap entirely or partially.

Adjacent channel usage generally refers to spectrum usage where the
upper occupied band edge of one system is below (or equal to) the lower
occupied band edge of the other system. The corresponding centre
frequencies thus show a certain frequency offset. In terms of
TV-channels, adjacent channel usage refers to both the first adjacent
channels (N1) and beyond (NM, M\>1).

### Geographical Layout

Sharing of spectrum between broadcasting and mobile service is subject
to the geographical layout of the corresponding coverage areas. Three
cases need to be distinguished, namely non-overlapping, adjacent and
overlapping areas. In the first case interferers are always located
outside the coverage area to be protected, while in the last case some
interfering transmitters are located inside the protected area.

### Protection Ratios and Overloading Thresholds

In the presence of interfering signals the ratio between the wanted
signal and the sum of all interfering components must exceed the
protection ratio for the interaction of services at hand in order to
allow proper reception. If this protection ratio is not reached
degradation of the service quality is the consequence. Furthermore, very
strong interfering signals lead to overloading of the receiver front
end.

At the victim receiver input, for a given frequency offset between
useful and interfering signals

-- the protection ratio applies unless the interfering signal level is
higher than the receiver overloading threshold; or

-- if the interfering signal level exceeds the overloading threshold,
the receiver is considered interfered with by the interfering signal
whatever is the protection ratio.

# 6 Method for Sharing Studies

Sharing studies between the broadcasting and the mobile service have to
treat one service as the interfering service and the other as the
interfered-with service in one scenario, and vice-versa in another
scenario. In any case, the decision whether a service is interfered by
the other has to be based on the network planning methodologies of the
interfered service.

## Compatibility Analysis

Based on the input data described in the previous section a macro
algorithm for compatibility analysis is proposed below. The different
calculations (propagation, field strength sums, protection ratio,
networks and UE topologies) are considered defined before.

In addition, we consider that there is no transition state between the
linear (constant protection ratio) and the non-linear (overloading)
behaviour of the receiver. An alternative could be identifying the
transition state and adding an additional margin to the protection ratio
when the interfering signal level reaches this state.

Depending on the type of calculation to be carried out, for each point
of the coverage area of the wanted system the following quantities need
to be calculated and analyzed:

-- Calculation of the cumulative wanted field strength of the wanted
system Ew_c

If the wanted signal results from a single transmitter E~w_c~ = E~w~; in
an SFN, E~w_c~ is calculated as the 'sum' of the contributions of the
individual transmitters in the network (as described in section 5.3).

-- Calculation of the cumulative interfering field strength of the
intra-service interferer Ei_intra

In the case of the broadcasting service, the individual interferences
are due to other co-channel broadcast transmissions, and E~i_intra~ is
calculated as the 'sum' of these individual contributions (as described
in section 5.3).

-- Calculation of the cumulative interfering field strength
inter-service interferers for each frequency offset: Ei_extra

> In the case of the broadcasting service, the inter-service
> interferences are due to other co-channel or non co-channel
> non-broadcast transmissions, and E~i_intra~ is calculated as the 'sum'
> of these individual contributions (as described in section 5.3). The
> calculations must take proper account of the different values of the
> protection ratios (as a function of frequency offset, for example)
> and/or overload thresholds, using the concept of nuisance field.

-- Calculation of the probability P( Ew_c \> Ei_intra) that the
cumulative wanted signal is larger than the cumulative intra-service
interference level, and the probability P( E~w_c~ \> E~i_extra~) that
the cumulative wanted signal is larger than the cumulative inter-service
interference level.

In some cases, it may be easier to assume a given level of location
probability in a given small area, i.e. assuming a median wanted signal
and a median level of initial interference (Ei_intra). The additional
calculation with Ei_extra can be done in more detail, with the
'addition' of the interferences (Ei-extra and or noise) (to the extent
possible).

As the calculations are carried out inside the broadcasting coverage
area, P( Ew_c \> Ei_intra) is higher than the location probability, 95%
for DVB-T for example. If ( Ei_extra \> Overloading_threshold) :
blocking; Reception is blocked if this condition is met at any given
frequency offset. Blocking as a function of location probability is also
indicated in section 5.3.2.4 and 5.3.3.4.

Else

Calculation of the probability P( Ew_c \> (Ei_intra+Ei_extra) ) taking
into account the relevant protection ratio.

From the calculation, we can identify the reduction of the coverage area
due to both phenomena (interference and blocking).

## Reference Calculations

### Broadcasting

Using the broadcast reference parameters and network configurations, the
median wanted field strength can be calculated at any given point within
the coverage area, and the median interfering field strength can be
calculated at any given point within the interfered-with service area.
The basic parameters used are the ERP, transmitter antenna height,
receiver antenna height, antenna patterns and polarisation
discrimination (if any), building penetration loss (if relevant), field
strength height loss (if relevant), path distance, etc.

The statistical nature of the propagation predictions will be taken into
account for the determination of the location probability. DVB should be
protected for an overall \[95\] % location probability

Interfering signals will be combined using one of the methods described
in sections 5.2 above; wanted signals in an SFN will also be using one
of the methods described in sections 5.2 above.

### Mobile Service

(At least) two different calculation procedures must be made to
determine mobile interference to broadcasting -- one for the base
station (downlink) and another for the mobile handsets (uplink).

**-- Downlink**

With respect to downlink interference, the interference field strength
calculations would be similar to those used to determine
broadcast-caused interference (as discussed in section 5.2 above).

**-- Uplink**

With respect to uplink interference, the situation is more complicated
due to the mobility and intermittent usage of the handsets - that is,
the time and place of uplink usage is random. Power control is also a
complicating aspect. Using specific reference parameters, calculations
could be based on worst case or 'average' case situations, for example.
On the other hand, Monte Carlo techniques could be used if reception
probabilities and coverage losses are to be determined.

Because base stations will tend to be 'close' together (say, of the
order of 1 to 10 km apart), and the density of active handsets will be
even higher, cumulative interference effects will probably need to be
taken into account. This aspect will be compounded if adjacent and 'near
adjacent' channel interference will be significant (which is yet to be
determined by JTG 5-6 studies) -- several mobile networks, using nearby
adjacent channels, might be operating within or near any given broadcast
coverage area; the cumulative interference due to each network and the
combined effect of all interfering networks must be evaluated using one
of the methods described in sections 5.2 above. The nuisance fields
would be the method used to calculate cumulative interference.

### Interaction

In general, for DVB protection, a reference median wanted field strength
is to be protected at \[95\] % of the locations. This means, among other
things, that the propagation statistics of both the wanted and
interfering signals must be taken into account as well as the building
penetration (see section 5.3).

E~ref~ \> E~I~ + PR + (%) (~W~^2^ + ~I~^2^ + ~BP~^2^) } (6.1)

## Studies to be carried out

The following (additional) studies are proposed:

1\) Protection of DVB-T networks in the presence of mobile networks in
the same or neighbouring geographical areas. These studies should
consider various DVB coverage and network structures, for various
reception modes, and various mobile network sizes and structures (i.e.,
using the reference parameters and reference network structures).

-- Protection ratios (co-channel, N1, N2, ..., N9) to protect DVB from
mobile uplink and downlink; with and without power control.

-- Overload levels for DVB receivers

This includes the possible cumulative effects of multiple near-overloads
(methods mentioned in section 5.2)

-- Impact of uplink and downlink on fixed, mobile, portable (outdoor and
indoor) DVB reception:

-   for 1 mobile network (uplink/downlink), size and extent of coverage
    holes within DVB coverage area, as a function of frequency
    difference and proximity of DVB transmitter;

-   for multiple mobile networks, size and extent of coverage holes
    within DVB coverage area, as a function of frequency difference and
    proximity of DVB transmitter;

-   amount/extent of coverage area loss of DVB, as a function of
    frequency difference, in the presence of 1 or more mobile networks;

-   mathematical treatment of cumulative interference.

Expected results for protection of DVB:

-- Establishment of guard bands for uplink and downlink.

-   Establishment of mobile service EIRP limits (uplink and downlink)
    within or near DVB-T coverage areas, as a function of frequency
    difference.

-   Establishment of separation distances (as a function of frequency
    difference) between DVB and mobile services (uplink and downlink),
    as a function of frequency difference.

2\) Protection of uplink against DVB-T in the same or neighbouring
geographical areas.

[TBD {A sufficient frequency separation between a DVB-T channel and an
IMT-2000 uplink channel may be needed in order not to exceed the out of
band blocking level of an IMT-2000 base station receiver\...}]{.mark}

3\) Protection of downlink against DVB-T in the same or neighbouring
geographical areas

[TBD {The frequency separation required between a DVB-T channel and an
IMT-2000 downlink channel to minimize the impact on loss of capacity may
need to be studied}.]{.mark}

Appendix A to Annex 1\
\
Proposed prediction methodology to conduct sharing studies

[]{.mark}

[\[Editor's Notes:]{.mark}

-   [The structure of the wave propagation model has been agreed,
    therefore any future modifications should be based on the text
    presented here.]{.mark}

-   [The model given here provides those elements that are needed to
    start sharing studies. Participants of JTG5-6 are therefore invited
    to use this information to carry out their studies and submit their
    results to the next JTG5-6.]{.mark}

-   [It is has to be noted that different climatic situations in
    different parts of Regions 1 and 3 need to be taken into account by
    the sharing studies.\]]{.mark}

# A.1 Simplifying assumptions for compatibility studies: broadcast vs. mobile uplink and downlink

## A.1.1 General

Sharing studies are required for urban and/or for suburban conditions.
For coverage and interference calculations, a flat land surface will be
the reference; this means that the effective antenna height is the same
as the height of the antenna above ground level. The reference
receiver/mobile antenna height, R, as defined in Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 is
taken to be 10 m in a suburban environment, and 20 m in an urban
environment. The frequencies of interest lie in the 800 MHz range,
approximately; so two reference frequencies will be specified, 600 MHz
and 2 000 MHz (as done in Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3), between which the
relevant frequencies yet to be decided (e.g. 800 MHz, 850 MHz, ...) can
be found by suitable interpolation (described in section A.2). In short,
the first assumptions are

-- Clutter height R = 10 m (suburban area), 20 m (urban area).

-- Flat surfaces are assumed for all propagation paths: all effective
antenna heights are assumed to be the height of the antenna above ground
level.

-- Land paths only.

-- Reference frequencies 600 MHz and 2 000 MHz.

## A.1.2 Urban area: R = 20 m

The following reference values of the antenna height (receiver and
transmitter) are representative in an urban environment:

-- Mobile service transmitter antenna height: H~TMS~ = 1.5 m (handset),
H~TMS~ = 20 m, 30 m (Base station)[^12]

-- Mobile service receiver antenna height: H~RMS~ = 1.5 m (handset),
H~RMS~ = 20 m, 30 m (Base station)[^13]

-- Broadcast service transmitter antenna height[^14]: H~TBC~ = 20 m,
37.5 m, 75 m, 150 m, 300 m

-- Broadcast service receiver antenna height: H~RBC~ = 1.5 m
(mobile/portable), 20 m (fixed)

The following combinations of transmit and receive antenna are used as
reference combinations in an urban area:

-- Broadcast to broadcast:

Table A.1.1

Receiving and transmitting antenna reference parameters for R = 20 m

  ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
  Receive\    Transmit                                          
  H~RBC~ (m)  H~TBC~ (m)                                        

              20          37.5         75          150          300

  1.5                                                           

  20                                                            
  ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------

-- Broadcast to mobile:

Table A.1.2

Receiving and transmitting antenna reference parameters for R = 20 m

  ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
  Receive\    Transmit                                          
  H~RMS~ (m)  H~TBC~ (m)                                        

              20          37.5         75          150          300

  1.5                                                           

  20                                                            

  30                                                            
  ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------

-- Mobile to mobile:

Table A.1.3

Receiving and transmitting antenna reference parameters for R = 20 m

  ----------------- ----------------- ------------------ -----------------
  Receive\          Transmit H~TMS~                      
  H~RMS~ (m)        (m)                                  

                    1.5               20                 30

  1.5                                                    

  20                                                     

  30                                                     
  ----------------- ----------------- ------------------ -----------------

-- Mobile to broadcast:

Table A.1.4

Receiving and transmitting antenna reference parameters for R = 20 m

+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Receive        | Transmit H~TMS~ |                 |                 |
|                | (m)             |                 |                 |
| H~RBC~ (m)     |                 |                 |                 |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|                | 1.5             | 20              | 30              |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1.5            |                 |                 |                 |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 20             |                 |                 |                 |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+

## A.1.3 Suburban area: R = 10 m

The following reference values of the antenna height (receiver and
transmitter) are representative in a suburban environment:

-- Mobile service transmitter antenna height: H~TMS~ = 1.5 m (handset),
H~TMS~ = 10, 20, 30 m (Base station)[^15]

-- Mobile service receiver antenna height: H~RMS~ = 1.5 m (handset),
H~RMS~ = 10, 20, 30 m (Base station)[^16]

-- Broadcast service transmitter antenna height: H~TBC~ = 20 m, 37.5 m,
75 m, 150 m, 300 m[^17]

-- Broadcast service receiver antenna height: H~RBC~ = 1.5 m
(mobile/portable), 10 m (fixed)

The following combinations of transmit and receive antenna are used as
reference combinations in a suburban area:

-- Broadcast to broadcast:

Table A.1.5

Receiving and transmitting antenna reference parameters for R = 10 m

  ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
  H~RBC~ (m)  H~TBC~ (m)                                        

              20          37.5         75          150          300

  1.5                                                           

  10                                                            
  ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------

-- Broadcast to mobile:

Table A.1.6

Receiving and transmitting antenna reference parameters for R = 10 m

  ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
  H~RMS~ (m)  H~TBC~ (m)                                        

              20          37.5         75          150          300

  1.5                                                           

  20                                                            

  30                                                            
  ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------

-- Mobile to mobile:

Table A.1.7

Receiving and transmitting antenna reference parameters for R = 10 m

  ----------------- ----------------- ------------------ -----------------
  H~RMS~ (m)        H~TMS~ (m)                           

                    1.5               20                 30

  1.5                                                    

  20                                                     

  30                                                     
  ----------------- ----------------- ------------------ -----------------

-- Mobile to broadcast:

Table A.1.8

Receiving and transmitting antenna reference parameters for R = 10 m

  ----------------- ----------------- ------------------ -----------------
  H~RBC~ (m)        H~TMS~ (m)                           

                    1.5               20                 30

  1.5                                                    

  10                                                     
  ----------------- ----------------- ------------------ -----------------

# A.2 Propagation Prediction Algorithm

Elements of the Hata model will be used for short (i.e. ≤ 0.1 km)
distance propagation predictions and elements of Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 for
long (i.e. ≥ 1 km) distances, with logarithmic interpolation connecting
the two in a transition range.

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 provides propagation predictions in terms of 'field
strength' as a function of distance. The Hata model provides propagation
predictions in terms of 'propagation loss' as a function of distance. In
order to be consistent with the units when using the Hata model at
'short' distances and Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 at 'large' distances, with an
interpolation between 'short' and 'large' distances, the formula for the
conversion between these two parameters, field strength and propagation
loss, is the following (assuming a 0 dBkW ERP for the Rec. ITU-R
P.1546-3 tabulated predictions):

E(dBV/m) = 139.3 + 20 log f(MHz) -- Loss (A.2.1)

To be consistent throughout this contribution, field strength values
(dBV/m units) will be specified, converting from calculated propagation
loss, using equation (A.1), in the cases where the Hata model is
applied.

A limited set of elements, formulas, etc. of ITU-R Rep. SM.2028 (in
section A.2.2) and of Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 (in section A.2.3) build a
calculation basis for propagation prediction for the purposes of the JTG
5-6 sharing studies.

## A.2.1 Reciprocity

### A.2.1.1 General

The predictions of the Hata model are generally reciprocal with respect
to designations of the transmitting/base station and the receiver/mobile
station terminal. Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 does not follow the reciprocity
principle.

Although Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 is not reciprocal with respect to those
designations, the Recommendation can still be used in a reciprocal
manner as specified in Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3, and as described here, and
it is proposed to use reciprocity in those few cases where it is useful,
e.g. to facilitate the transition between Rec. ITU-R 1546-3 predictions
at long distances and those of the Hata model at short distances.

Guided by section 1.1 of Annex 5 of Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3, three reference
cases are treated.

#### A.2.1.1.1 Both terminal heights are ≤ R

If both terminal heights are \< R (e.g., when h~1~ = h~2~ = 1.5 m)[^18]
(for example, for a given frequency, time percentage, distance)
calculate E~1.51.5~ from E~1010~ using the following steps:

-- calculate E~1010~ for h~tx~ = 10 m, h~rx~ = 10 m

-- add receiver height correction for h~rx~: 10 m1.5 m to calculate
E~101.5~ from E~1010~

-- use reciprocity to determine E~1.510~ (= E~101.5~)

-- add receiver height correction for h~rx~: 10 m 1.5 m to calculate
E~1.51.5~ from E~1.510~

#### A.2.1.1.2 Both terminals heights are ≥ R

If both terminals heights are ≥ R, then the terminal with the greatest
effective height is treated as the transmitter, the other as the
receiver. For example, if R = 10 m or 20 m, and the base station
receiver antenna height is h~rxBS~ = 30 m, while the interfering
broadcast transmitter antenna height is h~txBC~ = 20 m:

-- treat the base station as the transmitter (thus h~tx~ = 30 m) and the
broadcast station as the receiver (thus h~rx~ = 20 m) (but this
situation will probably not occur often, except for the sharing
studies).

#### A.2.1.1.3 Only one terminal is ≥ R

If only one terminal height is ≥ R, then that one is treated as the
transmitter, the other as the receiver. For example, R = 10 m or 20 m,
and the base station receiver antenna height is h~rxBS~ = 30 m, while
the mobile handset transmitter antenna height is h~txMS~ = 1.5 m:

treat the base station as the transmitter (thus h~tx~ = 30 m) and the
mobile handset as the receiver (thus h~rx~ = 1.5 m).

#### A.2.1.1.4 Further possible cases

Further possible cases where reciprocity may be needed:

Urban area: R = 20 m:

i\) h~rxBC~ = 1.5 m, h~txMS~ = 1.5 m: case a)

ii\) h~rxBS~ = 30 m, h~txBC~ = 20 m: case b)

iii\) h~rxBS~ = 20 m or 30 m, h~txMS~ = 1.5 m: case c)

iv\) h~rxBC~ = 20 m, h~txMS~ = 1.5 m: case c)

Suburban area: R = 10 m

i\) h~rxBC~ = 1.5 m, h~txMS~ = 1.5 m: case a)

ii\) h~rxBS~ = 20 m or 30 m, h~txBC~ = 10 m: case b)

iii\) h~rxBS~ = 20 m or 30 m, h~txMS~ = 1.5 m: case c)

iv\) h~rxBC~ = 10 m, h~txMS~ = 1.5 m: case c)

### A.2.1.2 Reciprocity application

Because Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 is not reciprocal, it is important to
specify uniquely the sequence of the steps of the calculation procedure
for distances 1 km and more.

Two environments are being investigated, urban and suburban. The
parameter R is used to distinguish between an urban environment (R = 20
m) and a suburban environment (R = 10 m). Using the reference
transmitter and receiver antenna heights, H~t~ and H~r~, respectively,
only the following cases need be examined:

H~t~ \> R, H~t~ = R, H~t~ \< R (A.2.2)

H~r~ \> R, H~r~ = R, H~r~ \< R. (A.2.3)

Only the following **Combinations** of transmitter and receiver antenna
heights need be examined:

> **C1**: (H~t~ \> R, H~r~ \> R); **C2**: (H~t~ \> R, H~r~ = R); **C3**:
> (H~t~ \> R, H~r~ \< R) (A.2.4)
>
> **C4**: (H~t~ = R, H~r~ \> R); **C5**: (H~t~ = R, H~r~ = R); **C6**:
> (H~t~ = R, H~r~ \< R) (A.2.5)
>
> **C7**: (H~t~ \< R, H~r~ \> R); **C8**: (H~t~ \< R, H~r~ = R); **C9**:
> (H~t~ \< R, H~r~ \< R). (A.2.6)

According to sections A.1.2 and A.1.3 above, the only reference antenna
height possible less than R is 1.5 m.

In the following prescription/recipe, "h~1~" will represent a
transmitter antenna height, and "h~2~" will represent a receiver antenna
height. When reciprocity is invoked, these are sometimes interchanged.

#### A.2.1.2.1 Combinations C1, C2 and C5

Combinations C1, C2 and C5 are treated directly using the relevant Rec.
ITU-R P.1546-3 tables and procedures specified in section A.2.3; cases
where H~t~ = 30 m, or H~r~ = 30 m are interpolated between 20 m an 37.5
m using equation (A.2.17) below.

#### A.2.1.2.2 Combinations C3 and C6

Combinations C3 and C6 are treated as follows:

-- H~r~ \< R means H~r~ = 1.5 m;

-- the field strength E~HtR~ for (h~1~ = H~t~, h~2~ = R) is calculated
directly;

-- the receiving antenna height correction, CORR~R1.5~, for h~2~ = R
reduced to h~2~ = H~r~ = 1.5 is calculated according to section A.3.3e
below;

-- the desired field strength is E~Ht1.5~ = E~HtR~ + CORR~R1.5~.

#### A.2.1.2.3 Combination C4

Combination C4 is treated as follows:

-- H~t~ \< H~r~ means using reciprocity;

-- the values for H~t~ and H~r~ are interchanged and the procedure for
Combinations C1, C2, and C5 is followed.

#### A.2.1.2.4 Combinations C7 and C8

Combinations C7 and C8 are treated as follows:

-- H~t~ \< H~r~ means using reciprocity;

-- H~t~ \< R means H~t~ = 1.5 m;

-- the values for H~t~ and H~r~ are interchanged and the procedure for
Combinations C3 and C6 is followed.

#### A.2.1.2.5 Combination C9

Combination C9 is treated as follows:

-- H~t~ \< R, H~r~ \< R means H~t~ = 1.5 m, H~r~ = 1.5 m;

-- the field strength E~RR~ for (h~1~ = R, h~2~ = R) is calculated
directly;

-- the receiving antenna height correction, CORR~R1.5~, for h~2~ = R to
h~2~ = H~r~ = 1.5 is calculated according to section A.2.3 below;

-- the field strength E~R1.5~ for (h~1~ = R, h~2~ = 1.5) is calculated:
E~R1.5~ = E~RR~ + CORR~R1.5~;

-- by reciprocity, the field strength E~1.5R~ for (h~1~ = 1.5, h~2~ = R)
is obtained: E~1.5R~ = E~R1.5~;

-- the receiving antenna height correction, CORR~R1.5~, for h~2~ = R
reduced to h~2~ = H~r~ = 1.5 is calculated according to section A.2.3
below;

-- the desired field strength E~1.51.5~ for (h~1~ = 1.5, h~2~ = 1.5) is
calculated:\
E~1.5_1.5~ = E~1.5R~ + CORR~R1.5~.

## A.2.2 Basic Propagation loss formula from the Hata Model

The formulas for the propagation loss presented in this section are
extracted from ITU-R Rep. SM.2028, for the reference conditions.

### A.2.2.1 Urban environment

For distances from 0 km to 0.1 km, the Hata model is used (as prescribed
in ITU-R Rep. SM.2028)

#### A.2.2.1.1 d ≤ 0.04 km

The loss for distances less than 0.04 km is free space loss:

L(d) = 32.4 + 20 log f + 10 log \[d^2^ + (H~b~ -- H~m~)^2^/10^6^\]
(A.2.7)

#### A.2.2.1.2 0.04 km \< d ≤ 0.1 km

For distances between 0.04 km and 0.1 km, log interpolation is used,
between free space at 0.04 km and Hata at 0.1 km.

$L(d) = L(0\text{.}\text{04}) + \frac{\left\lbrack \text{log}(d) - \text{log}(0\text{.}\text{04}) \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack \text{log}(0\text{.}1) - \text{log}(0\text{.}\text{04}) \right\rbrack}\left\lbrack L(0\text{.}1) - L(0\text{.}\text{04}) \right\rbrack$
(A.2.8)

#### A.2.2.1.3 d = 0.1 km

For d = 0.1 km, the Hata formulas are used: H~m~ = min(h~1~,h~2~), H~b~
= max(h~1~,h~2~); = 1

$a(H_{m})\  = \ (1\text{.}1\ \text{log}(f)\  - \ 0\text{.}7)\ \text{min}\left\{ \text{10},\ H_{m} \right\}\  - \ (1\text{.}\text{56}\ \text{log}(f)\  - \ 0\text{.}8)\  + \ \text{max}\left\{ 0,\ \text{20}\ \text{log}(\frac{H_{m}}{\text{10}}) \right\}$
(A.2.9)

$b(H_{b})\  = \ \text{min}\left\{ 0,\ \text{20}\ \text{log}(\frac{H_{b}}{\text{30}}) \right\}$
(A.2.10)

For f = 150 MHz to 1 500 MHz:

$\begin{array}{r}
L\  = \ \text{69}\text{.}6\  + \ \text{26}\text{.}2\ \text{log}(f)\  - \ \text{13}\text{.}\text{82}\ \text{log}(\text{max}\left\{ \text{30},\ H_{b} \right\})\  + \\
\ \left\lbrack \text{44}\text{.}9\  - \ 6\text{.}\text{55}\ \text{log}(\text{max}\left\{ \text{30},\ H_{b} \right\}) \right\rbrack\ \text{log}(d)^{\alpha}\  - \ a(H_{m})\  - \ b(H_{b})
\end{array}$ (A.2.11)

For f = 1 500 MHz to 2 000 MHz:

$\begin{array}{r}
L\  = \ \text{46}\text{.}3\  + \ \text{33}\text{.}9\ \text{log}(f)\  - \ \text{13}\text{.}\text{82}\ \text{log}(\text{max}\left\{ \text{30},\ H_{b} \right\})\  + \\
\ \left\lbrack \text{44}\text{.}9\  - \ 6\text{.}\text{55}\ \text{log}(\text{max}\left\{ \text{30},\ H_{b} \right\}) \right\rbrack\ \text{log}(d)^{\alpha}\  - \ a(H_{m})\  - \ b(H_{b})
\end{array}$ (A.2.12)

Note that both formulas, for f = 600 MHz and 2 000 MHz, respectively,
are used to provide the basis for an interpolation between Hata at 0.1
km and Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 at 1 km. For frequencies between 600 MHz and
2 000 MHz the interpolation formula, A.2.16, given in section A.2.3 b is
used.

#### A.2.2.1.4 0.1 km \< d \< 1 km

For distances between 0.1 km and 1.0 km, log interpolation is used,
between Hata at 0.1 km and Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 at 1.0 km.

$L(d) = L(0\text{.}1) + \frac{\left\lbrack \text{log}(d) - \text{log}(0\text{.}1) \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack \text{log}(1\text{.}0) - \text{log}(0\text{.}1) \right\rbrack}\left\lbrack L(1\text{.}0) - L(0\text{.}1) \right\rbrack$
(A.2.13)

#### A.2.2.1.5 d = 1 km

For 1 km distances, the Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 field strength curves/tables
(for an ERP = 0 dB kW), being functions of distance, frequency, time
percentage (not a significant parameter at 1 km distance), transmitter
and receiver antenna heights, are used to calculate field strength. The
corresponding loss can be calculated using a re-write of the equation
(A.2.1):

L(d) = 139.3 + 20 log f -- E~1546-3~(d,f,%,h~t~,h~r~). (A.2.14)

### A.2.2.2 Suburban environment

The propagation Loss in a suburban environment is related to that in an
urban environment (as in section A.3.1) via the following equation, for
any given frequency, f:

L~suburban~ = L~urban~ -- 2{log\[min(max(150,f),2000)/28\]}^2^ -- 5.4
(A.2.15)

### A.2.2.3 Standard deviation

Field strength values calculated for Mobile Service transmitted or
received signals (i.e. base station or handset) are subject to
statistical variations.

The standard deviation for these variations, for the Mobile Service
signals, is taken from the Hata model as follows:

For the standard deviation (below and above roof level):

Table A.2.1

Definition of standard deviations

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
  (below roof level) dB                                                                                                                    (above roof level) dB                                                                                                                    dist km

  3.5                                                                                                                                      3.5                                                                                                                                      d ≤ 0.04

  $$\sigma\  = \ 3\text{.}5\  + \ \frac{(\text{17}\  - \ 3\text{.}5)}{(0\text{.}1\  - \ 0\text{.}\text{04})}\ (d - 0\text{.}\text{04})$$   $$\sigma\  = \ 3\text{.}5\  + \ \frac{(\text{12}\  - \ 3\text{.}5)}{(0\text{.}1\  - \ 0\text{.}\text{04})}\ (d - 0\text{.}\text{04})$$   0.04 \< d ≤
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0.1

  17                                                                                                                                       12                                                                                                                                       0.1 \< d ≤
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0.2

  $$\sigma\  = \ \text{17}\  + \ \frac{(9\  - \ \text{17})}{(0\text{.}6\  - \ 0\text{.}2)}\ (d\  - \ 0\text{.}2)$$                         $$\sigma\  = \ \text{12}\  + \ \frac{(9\  - \ \text{12})}{(0\text{.}6\  - \ 0\text{.}2)}\ (d\  - \ 0\text{.}2)$$                         0.2 \< d ≤
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0.6

  9                                                                                                                                        9                                                                                                                                        0.6 \< d
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------

According to the Hata model, propagation "below roof" means that both Hm
and Hb are below[^19] the height of the roofs (i.e. less than R);
propagation is "above roof" in other cases (Hb above the height of
roofs, larger than R).

In principle, when the Hata approximation is being used for distances
less than (or equal to) 0.1 km, the standard deviation of 5.5 dB should
be used when calculating interference to broadcast.

## A.2.3 Basic field strength prediction from Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3

The parameter R takes the values 10 m for a suburban environment and 20
m for an urban environment, respectively. The numbers in the parentheses
following the equations are the equation numbers as given in Annex 5 of
Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3.

a\) The tables of Rec. P.1546-3 are used for distances between 1 km and
1 000 km, for the frequencies 600 MHz and 2 000 MHz, land paths,
relevant reference transmitter and receiver antenna heights, and time
percentages.

b\) For frequencies, f, between the two frequencies 600 MHz and 2 000
MHz), the following formula can be applied (eqn. 14 of section 6 of
Annex 5 of Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3)

*E* = *E~600~* + ( *E~2000~* -- *E~600~* ) log( *f* / 600 ) / log( *2
000* / *600* ) dB(V/m), (A.2.16)

with E~600~ and E~2000~ the field strength values at 600 MHz and 2 000
MHz, respectively.

c\) For transmitter antenna heights between the Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3
reference heights (e.g. h~a~ = 30 m), the corresponding field strength
is found by interpolating between adjacent (upper and lower, e.g. 37.5 m
and 20 m, respectively) reference heights (h~u~ \> h~a~ \> h~l~), using
the following formula (eqn. 8 of section 4.1 of Annex 5 of Rec. ITU-R
P.1546-3):

*E* = *E~l~* + (*E~u~* -- *E~l~* ) log( *h*~a~ / h~l~ ) / log( *h~u~* /
*h~l~* ) dB(V/m) (A.2.17)

d\) For distances between the Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 reference distances
(e.g., d~a~ = 22 km), the corresponding field strength is found by
interpolating between adjacent (upper and lower, e.g. 25 km and 20 m,
respectively) reference distances (d~u~ \> d~a~ \> d~l~), using the
following formula (eqn. 13 of section 5 of Annex 5 of Rec. ITU-R
P.1546-3):

*E* = *E~l~* + (*E~u~* -- *E~l~* ) log( *d*~a~ / *d~l~* ) / log( *d~u~*
/ *d~l~* ) dB(V/m) (A.2.18)

e\) Section 9 of Annex 5 of Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 will be used for
receiver height correction:

Receiver height correction H~rx~ \< R (10 or 20 m):

For example, for cases: H~txBC~, H~txBS~ ≥ R (10 m or 20 m); h~1~ =
H~txBC~ = \[10 m\], 20, ..., 300 m, or h~1~ = H~txBS~ = 20, 30 m, h~2~ =
H~rxBC~ = 1.5 m, H~rxBS~ = 1.5 m

i)  calculate (eqn. 26 of section 4.1 of Annex 5 of Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3)

*R*′ = (1000*dR* -- 15*h*~1~)/(1000*d* -- 15) m (A.2.19)

where *h*~1~ and *R* (m) and distance *d* (km)

ii) calculate (eqns. 27d, 27e, 27g, 27c,27f, of section 4.1 of Annex 5
    of Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3):

*h~dif~* = *R*′ − *h*~2~ m (A.2.20)

θ*~clut~* = arctan(*h~dif~* /27) degrees (A.2.21)

*K~nu~* = 0.0108 *f^1/2^* (A.2.22)

= *K~nu~ ( h~dif~* θ*~clut~* )^1/2^ (A.2.23)

*K~h~*~2~ = 3.2 + 6.2log ( *f* ) (A.2.24)

where f: frequency (MHz)

iii) calculate (eqn. 12a of section 4.1 of Annex 5 of Rec. ITU-R
     P.1546-3) :

*J*() = 6.9 + 20log{ \[( − 0.1)^2^ + 1\]^1/2^ + − 0.1 } (A.2.25)

iv\) When the receiving/mobile antenna is in an urban environment, the
correction is given by (eqn. 27a, 27b of section 4.1 of Annex 5 of Rec.
ITU-R P.1546-3):

CORR~R'≥10~ = 6.03 − *J* () dB for *h*~2~ \< *R*′ (A.2.26)

CORR~R'≥10~ = K~h2~ log( h~2~ / R') dB for *h~2~ ≥ R'* (A.2.27)

v\) If *R\'* is less than 10 m, the correction given by equation (27a,
b) should be reduced by *K~h~*~2~ log(10/*R*′)

CORR~R'\<10~ = CORR~R'≥10~ -- *K~h~*~2~ log(10/*R*′) dB for R' \< 10 m.
(A.2.28)

f\) The standard deviation for broadcast signals is taken to be = 5.5 dB

# A.3 Explicit Field strength values at 0.1 km

The Hata model as described in section 3.2 above is used here to derive
field strength values at 0.1 km. Note that the free space field strength
at 0.1 km is 126.9 dBV/m, which is the limiting value for the Hata
model.

Values for f = 600 MHz and for 2 000 MHz are calculated to correspond to
the reference frequencies of Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3.

## A.3.1 Urban environment (R = 20 m) 

Table A.3.1

Field strength (dBV/m) at 0.1 km for 600 MHz and R = 20 m

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Tx (m)            Rx (m)                              

                    1.5               20                30

  1.5               82.09             104.59            108.11

  20                104.59            126.9             126.9

  30                108.11            126.9             126.9

  37.5              108.82            126.9             126.9

  75                111.00            126.9             126.9

  150               113.20            126.9             126.9

  300               115.38            126.9             126.9
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

Table A.3.2

Field strength (dBV/m) at 0.1 km for 2000 MHz and R = 20 m

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Tx (m)            Rx (m)                              

                    1.5               20                30

  1.5               76.78             99.28             102.80

  20                99.28             126.9             126.9

  30                102.80            126.9             126.9

  37.5              103.51            126.9             126.9

  75                105.69            126.9             126.9

  150               107.88            126.9             126.9

  300               110.07            126.9             126.9
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

## A.3.2 Suburban environment (R = 10 m)

Table A.3.3

Field strength (dBV/m) at 0.1 km for 600 MHz and R = 10 m

  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
  Tx (m)                        Rx (m)                        

                 1.5            10             20             30

  1.5            91.04          107.51         113.54         117.06

  10             107.51         126.9          126.9          126.9

  20             113.54         126.9          126.9          126.9

  30             117.06         126.9          126.9          126.9

  37.5           117.76         126.9          126.9          126.9

  75             119.95         126.9          126.9          126.9

  150            122.14         126.9          126.9          126.9

  300            124.32         126.9          126.9          126.9
  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

Table A.3.4

Field strength (dBV/m) at 0.1 km for 2000 MHz and R = 10 m

  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
  Tx (m)                        Rx (m)                        

                 1.5            10             20             30

  1.5            89.05          105.53         111.55         115.08

  10             105.53         126.9          126.9          126.9

  20             111.55         126.9          126.9          126.9

  30             115.08         126.9          126.9          126.9

  37.5           115.78         126.9          126.9          126.9

  75             117.97         126.9          126.9          126.9

  150            120.16         126.9          126.9          126.9

  300            122.35         126.9          126.9          126.9
  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

# A.4 Explicit Field strength values at 1 km

The reference field strength values at 1 km are calculated using Rec.
ITU-R P.1546-3 as described in section 2.3 above. The reference
frequencies 600 MHz and 2 000 MHz are used. For each effective
transmitter antenna height, the difference between 1%- and 50%-time
field strength values is generally less than 0.1 dB at 1 km, both for
600 MHz and for 2 000 MHz frequency. Thus, only one value, valid for
both 1% and 50% time, need be specified at 1 km for each pair of
transmitter and receiver antenna heights.

Note that the free space field strength at 1 km is 106.9 dBV/m, which is
the limiting value for Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3.

The designation "nn" is given in the tables below; this indicates that
the values are not explicitly needed, but are included for completeness.
The asterisks indicate those values which are derived directly by
reciprocity.

## A.4.1 Urban (R = 20 m)

### A.4.1.1 600 MHz

Table A.4.1

Field strength (dBV/m) at 1 km for 600 MHz and R = 20 m

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Tx (m)            Rx (m)                              

                    1.5               20                30

  1.5               48.15             71.57 \*          73.06 \*

  20                71.57             94.87             96.29 \*

  30                73.06             96.29             \[99.95; nn\]

  37.5              73.88             97.07             100.79

  75                76.76             99.70             103.68

  150               79.94             102.35            106.87

  300               83.30             104.59            106.9
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

Note that the Hata model gives 72.89 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 30 m, h~m~ = 1.5
m), 69.37 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 20 m, h~m~ = 1.5 m), and 46.87 dBV/m for
(h~b~ = 1.5 m, h~m~ = 1.5 m).

### A.4.1.2 2 000 MHz

Table A.4.2

Field strength (dBV/m) at 1 km for 2 000 MHz and R = 20 m

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  Tx (m)            Rx (m)                              

                    1.5               20                30

  1.5               39.29             67.96 \*          69.41 \*

  20                67.96             96.51             97.90 \*

  30                69.41             97.90             \[102.14; nn\]

  37.5              70.22             98.66             102.97

  75                72.96             101.15            105.76

  150               75.84             103.51            106.9

  300               78.84             105.32            106.9
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

Note that the Hata model gives 67.58 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 30 m, h~m~ = 1.5
m), 64.05 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 20 m, h~m~ = 1.5 m), and 41.56 dBV/m for
(h~b~ = 1.5 m, h~m~ = 1.5 m).

## A.4.2 Suburban (R = 10 m)

Table A.4.3

Field strength (dBV/m) at 1 km for 600 MHz and R = 10 m

  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
  Tx (m)         Rx (m)                                       

                 1.5            10             20             30

  1.5            58.57          75.69 \*       77.88 \*       79.32 \*

  10             75.69          92.69          94.87 \*       96.29 \*

  20             77.88          94.87          101.02         102.44 \*

  30             79.32          96.29          \[102.44, nn\] \[106.03, nn\]

  37.5           80.11          97.07          103.22         106.81

  75             82.80          99.70          105.85         106.9

  150            85.60          102.35         106.9          106.9

  300            88.33          104.59         106.9          106.9
  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

Note that the Hata model gives 81.83 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 30 m, h~m~ = 1.5
m), 78.31 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 20 m, h~m~ = 1.5 m), 72.28 dBV/m for (h~b~ =
10 m and h~m~ = 1.5 m), and 55.81 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 1.5 m, h~m~ = 1.5
m).

Table A.4.4

Field strength (dBV/m) at 1 km for 2 000 MHz and R = 10 m

  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
  Tx (m)         Rx (m)                                       

                 1.5            10             20             30

  1.5            49.70          72.03 \*       74.30 \*       75.69 \*

  10             72.03          94.23          96.51 \*       97.90 \*

  20             74.30          96.51          103.63         105.02 \*

  30             75.69          97.90          \[105.02, nn\] \[106.9, nn\]

  37.5           76.45          98.66          105.78         106.9

  75             78.92          101.15         106.9          106.9

  150            81.29          103.51         106.9          106.9

  300            83.34          105.32         106.9          106.9
  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

Note that the Hata model gives 79.85 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 30 m, h~m~ = 1.5
m), 76.33 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 20 m, h~m~ = 1.5 m), 70.31 dBV/m for (h~b~ =
10 m and h~m~ = 1.5 m), and 53.83 dBV/m for (h~b~ = 1.5 m, h~m~ = 1.5
m).

Annex 2\
\
Methodologies (including interference objectives) for sharing studies\
between the mobile service, on the one hand, and the Fixed Service,\
on the other hand, in the band 790-862 MHz

[\[It has to be noted that there was no contribution from
administrations on this issue for the second meeting of
JTG5-6.\]]{.mark}

# 1 Introduction

The objective of this document is to provide methodologies for sharing
studies for Regions 1 and 3 in the band 790--862 MHz between FS and MS
in order to respond to the requirement of Resolution 749.

# 2 Definitions

## 2.1 Interference Probability / Interference Objective

### 2.1.1 Fixed Service

\[Step 3

A criterion of -6dB is given in Recommendation ITU-R F.1670 (see
recommend 3): "that, for this case, an interference criterion *I*/*N* =
--6 dB may be applied in these bands (see Note 1).", see also Appendix
A\]

### 2.1.2 Mobile Service

\[Step 3\]

# 3 Systems Parameters

## 3.1 Fixed Service

\[See Annex 7 to Doc. 5-6/25\]

## 3.2 Mobile Service

\[See Annex 5 to Doc. 5-6/25\]

# 4 Methodology

\[General method: Recommendation ITU-R M.1635

Protection ratio:

-   GE06 sections dealing with the development of the Plan or dealing
    with coordination.

-   Recommendation ITU-R SM.851.

Separation distances

-   Recommendation ITU-R F.1402 (see Annex 2 which provides an example
    of calculation at 800 MHz).

-   Recommendation ITU-R M.687 (see Annex 2 section 4.1).

Guard band: Recommendation ITU-R SM.851

List to be further developed...\]

\[For aggregated case Monte-Carlo-Simulation (see JTG 5-6 Doc. 27)\]

# 5 Compatibility Assessment

## 5.1 Propagation Model

Okumura-Hata curve (Rec. ITU-R F.1402)

Rec. ITU-R P.452

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3

Rec. ITU-R P.1812

Others...

[\[NOTE: The propagation model has to be aligned with the model used in
other cases, i.e. Annex 1 and 3\]]{.mark}

## 5.2 Calculation Methods

### 5.2.1 Deterministic Methods

Separation distances (Rec. ITU-R F.1402)

### 5.2.2 Statistical Methods

Monte Carlo: Report ITU-R SM.2028

\[Editor's note: Material extracted from ITU-R Report needs to be agree
by JTG5-6\]

### 5.2.3 Mixed Methods

## 5.3 Calculations Scenarios

# 6 Guidelines to Carry out Sharing Studies

\[To be developed\]

Annex\
\
List of relevant documents (to be completed)

  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
  GE06 Agreement      Final Acts of the Regional Radiocommunication
                      Conference for planning of the digital terrestrial
                      broadcasting service in parts of Regions 1 and 3,
                      in the frequency bands 174-230 MHz and 470-862 MHz
                      (RRC-06)

  Rec. ITU-R F.1402   Frequency sharing criteria between a land mobile
                      wireless access system and a fixed wireless access
                      system using the same equipment type as the mobile
                      wireless access system

  Rec. ITU-R M.687    International Mobile Telecommunications-2000
                      (IMT-2000).

  Rec. ITU-R M.1635   General methodology for assessing the potential for
                      interference between IMT‑2000 or systems beyond
                      IMT-2000 and other services.

  Rec. ITU-R P.452    Prediction procedure for the evaluation of
                      microwave interference between stations on the
                      surface of the Earth at frequencies above about 0.7
                      GHz

  Rec. ITU-R P.1546-3 Method for point-to-area predictions for
                      terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz
                      to 3 000 MHz

  Rec. ITU-R P.1812   A path-specific propagation prediction method for
                      point-to-area terrestrial services in the VHF and
                      UHF bands

  Rec. ITU-R SM.851   Sharing between the broadcasting service and the
                      fixed and/or mobile services in the VHF and UHF
                      bands

  Report ITU-R        Monte Carlo simulation methodology for the use in
  SM.2028             sharing and compatibility studies between different
                      radio services or systems.
  ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

\[Appendix A to Annex 2\
\
Interference criterion for Fixed Service

## A.1 Table 3 in Recommendation ITU-R F-758-4

Table 3 in Recommendation ITU-R F.758-4 provides some value for the long
term interference criterion corresponding to I/N of -1dB.

However, it has to be noted that the long term interference may not be
consistent with the details on the characteristics given in ITU-R
F.758-4 as provided below:

> "A table can be constructed showing system parameters to be used when
> considering sharing between the FS and other services, and this should
> include the information discussed above.
>
> ...
>
> The nominal long-term interference criteria specified in the Tables
> provide some guidance to the results that would be obtained from
> detailed calculations and can be used for information for the time
> being. However, for detailed sharing studies accurate criteria must be
> derived in accordance with the information in Annex 1, and these may
> differ slightly from those in the Table.

By referencing interference to the receiver thermal noise level the
problem is greatly simplified, since the permitted interference PSD so
derived will be dependent solely on receiver noise figure and
independent of the modulation scheme of the victim system. It may be
shown that, independent of the normal received carrier level, the
degradation in fade margin with interference set to a given level
relative to receiver thermal noise level is as follows:

Table A.1.1

Fade Margins

  ------------------------------------ ----------------------------------
  Interference level relative to       Resultant degradation in\
  receiver\                            fade margin\
  thermal noise\                       (dB)
  (dB)                                 

  --6                                  1

  --10                                 0.5
  ------------------------------------ ----------------------------------

> Within the Tables, the choice of an interference to thermal noise
> *I*/*N* value of --6 dB or --10 dB is selected to match the typical
> requirements of individual systems. For detailed sharing analyses, the
> interference criteria must be derived in accordance with Annex 1, to
> match the individual, specific, sharing scenario under consideration,
> and will need to be agreed between the parties concerned.
>
> ... "

## A.2 GE06 Threshold

For those cases where no value is available in the table, the
coordination trigger field-strengths as given in the GE06 Agreement may
be considered:

Table A.2.1

Coordination trigger field-strength values to protect systems of the
fixed service from DVB‑T

Note: Table A.2.1 may be revised for the case mobile service.

For the generic case (type code FK), i.e. when there is no value of
protection ratio available, the following equation should be used:

$F_{\text{trigger}} = - \text{37} + F - G_{i} + L_{F} + \text{10}\ \text{log}\ (B_{i}) + P_{o} + \text{20}\ \text{log}f + \frac{I}{N}$
(A.2.1)

where:

*F*: receiver noise figure of the FS station receiver (dB)

*B~i~*: the bandwidth of the terrestrial broadcasting station (MHz)

*G~i~*: the FS station receiver antenna gain (dBi)

*L~F~*: antenna cable feeder loss (dB)

*f*: centre frequency of the interfering broadcasting station (MHz)

*P~o~*: man-made noise (dB) (typical value is 1 dB for VHF band and 0 dB
for UHF band)

*I*/*N*: interference to noise ratio, which must not exceed the
threshold (margin) applicable when developing the plan (*I*/*N* =
--6 dB).

Based on the information in Recommendation ITU-R F.758-4, ITU-R F.1670-1
and ITU-R SM.851-1, the following typical values of *F*, *G~i~*, *L~F~*
and *P~o~* to be used are provided in Table A.2.2.:

Table A.2.2

Typical values of the parameters when applying equation (A.1.2) to
derive trigger field‑strength values to protect the stations for the
generic case (type code FK)\
of the fixed service from DVB-T

+--------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| Frequency (MHz)          | 500                   | 600               |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| > *F* (dB)               | 5                     | 5                 |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| > [*G~i~* (dBi)]{.mark}  | [14]{.mark}           | [16]{.mark}       |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| > *L~F~* (dB)            | 5                     | 5                 |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| > *P~o\ ~*(dB)           | 0                     | 0                 |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| > *F* - *G~i~* +         | -4                    | -6                |
| > *L~F~* + *P~o\ ~*      |                       |                   |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+

## A.3 Recommendation ITU-R F.1670

Alternatively, a criterion of -6 dB is given in Recommendation ITU-R
F.1670 (see *recommend* 3):

"that, for this case, an interference criterion *I*/*N* = --6 dB may be
applied in these bands (see Note 1)."

\]

Annex 3\
\
Methodologies (including interference objectives) for sharing studies
between the mobile service, on the one hand, and the Aeronautical
Radionavigation Service, on the other hand, in the band 790-862 MHz

# 1 Introduction

The objective of this document is to provide methodologies for sharing
studies for Regions 1 and 3 in the band 790--862 MHz between ARNS and MS
in order to respond to the requirement of Resolution 749.

# 2 Definitions

## 2.1 Interference objective

### 2.1.1 Aeronautical radionavigation

### Interference objectives for ARNS systems could be generally defined on the basis of Recommendation ITU-R M.1461. Recommendation provides guidance and procedures for determining the potential for interference between radars operating in the radiodetermination service and systems in other services.

# 3 Systems and Networks Parameters

## 3.1 Aeronautical radionavigation

### 3.1.1 Primary and secondary radars in ARNS

### Output developed by SWG1 of JTG5-6 needs to be included in this section.

## 3.2 Mobile service

See Section 4.2 of Annex 1.

# 4 Compatibility Scenarios

## 4.1 Interference into ARNS airborne receivers

This interference scenario is shown on Figure 4.1. Its specific feature
is as follows:

\- the MS service area shifted at a certain distance from the point of
the aircraft projection on the Earth surface.

Scenario 1 calculation results refer to distance between the boundary of
the ARNS stations operation area and that of the MS stations service
areas for different ERP of the MS stations and different densities of
their deployment.

Figure 4.1

Scenario 1

![](media/image22.wmf){width="3.657638888888889in"
height="2.959722222222222in"}

## 4.2 Interference into ARNS ground receivers

This interference scenario 2 is shown on Figure 4.2. Its specific
features are as follows:

\- the aggregate interference field strength estimation should take the
Earth surface and propagation path characteristics into account. Water
areas in the propagation path would result in increasing the aggregate
interference field strength to be taken into consideration;

\- since the ARNS ground-based receivers use directional antennas the
aggregate interference field strength estimation may take into account
only those MS stations which fall into the ARNS antenna main lobe.

Figure 4.2

Scenario 2

![](media/image23.wmf){width="3.986111111111111in"
height="3.2395833333333335in"}

## 4.3 Impact from ARNS airborne transmitters

## 4.4 Impact from ARNS ground transmitters

# 5 Compatibility Assessment

## 5.1 Propagation Model

### 5.1.1 Ground-to-ground propagation

Recommendation ITU‑R P.1546‑3: Method for point-to-area predictions for
terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 3 000 MHz.

[\[NOTE: the propagation model has to be aligned with the model used in
other cases, i.e. Annex 1 and 2\]]{.mark}

### 5.1.2 Air-to-ground/ground-to-air propagation

Recommendation ITU‑R PN.525-2: Calculation of free space attenuation.

## 5.2 Calculation Methods

### 5.2.1 Deterministic Methods

These methods are used for assessments of the values of the interference
field strength in vicinity of ARNS station antenna. Abovementioned
Scenarios are based on application of these methods.

Scenario 1

This scenario uses the free space propagation model for estimation of
the value of the interference field strength. It permits to define the
necessary protection distance between the boundary of the ARNS stations
operation area and that of the MS stations service areas for different
ERP of the MS stations and different densities of their deployment.

Calculation of the interference field strength needs to specify
following parameters:

-   aircraft height;

-   airborne receiver antenna gain;

-   averaging density of MS stations;

-   averaging height of MS station antennas.

Interference field strength from the single mobile station is calculated
by following equation:

$E = \text{74}\text{.}8 + \text{EIRP} - \text{20}\text{lg}(R)$; (A.5.1)

where

*Е* -- interference field strength (dB(V/m));

*EIRP* -- effective isotropically radiated power (dBW);

*R* -- distance between aircraft and mobile station in km.

Total interference field strength in vicinity of aircraft antenna
*Е~sum~* (dB(V/m)) is calculated by following equation:

![](media/image24.wmf){width="1.7916666666666667in" height="0.5in"}
(A.5.2)

where

*Е~i\ ~*(dB(V/m)) -- interference field strength from the mobile service
station with number *i;*

*N --* total number of mobile stations that are taking into account

Scenario 2

This scenario uses the propagation model from Recommendation
ITU‑R P.1546‑3. It permits to define the necessary protection distance
between the ARNS terrestrial station receiver and that of the MS
stations service areas for different ERP of the MS stations and
different densities of their deployment.

Calculation of the interference field strength needs to specify
following parameters:

-   height of ARNS ground-based station antenna;

-   ground-based station antenna gain;

-   beamwidth of ground-based station antenna;

-   ground-based station antenna side-lobe level;

-   averaging density of MS stations;

-   averaging height of MS station antennas.

If Recommendation ITU-R P.1546-3 (see section 5.1.1) is to be used the
interference field strength from single mobile station *Е* (dB(V/m) ) is
calculated for 1% or 10% of time and 50% of location.

Total interference field strength in vicinity of aircraft antenna
*Е~sum~* (dB(V/m)) is calculated by following equation:

![](media/image25.wmf){width="1.7916666666666667in" height="0.5in"}
(A.5.3)

where

*Е~i\ ~*(dB(V/m)) -- interference field strength from the mobile service
station with number *i;*

*N --* total number of mobile stations that are taking into account

All mobile stations that fall in the sector of the main lobe of
ground-based antenna are taking into account in this calculation. In the
special cases the width of this sector could be expanded. The maximum
distance between ground-based ARNS station and mobile station does not
exceed 1000 km.

### 5.2.2 Statistical Methods

### 5.2.3 Mixed Methods

## 5.3 Calculations Scenarios 

# 6 Guidelines to Carry out Sharing Studies

## 6.1 Guidance to compatibility calculation for airborne ARNS stations and MS stations service

Estimations related to the abovementioned scenario 1 use the following
general assumptions:

1.  As the ARNS air-borne antenna is omnidirectional, then the angle of
    the ARNS receiver antenna pattern sector where the interference
    effect is accounted for is 360 degrees.

2.  Constant terrain features in the propagation path.

3.  Height of the MS user terminal is constant and equals to \[1.5\] m
    with the MS base stations height of \[40\] m.

4.  Distance between the simultaneously co-frequency operating MS
    stations varies:

\- for the user terminals between \[100 m\] and \[2\] km;

\- for the base stations between \[2 km\] and \[20\] km.

5\. - radius of the air-borne receiver reception area is defined by
aircraft altitude and antenna height of interference sources;

6\. - the area to be accounted when estimating the interference is
defined by intersection of MS service area and an ARNS reception area;

7\. - a free-space propagation model should be used for interference
estimation.

[\[NOTE: the parameters given here need to be aligned with section 4.2
of Annex 1\]]{.mark}

Table 6.1

Scenario 1 calculation results- The maximum ERP (dBW in the 4 MHz
frequency band) of the terrestrial mobile service transmitters for which
the interference level at the\
air-borne receiver do not exceed the required protection level

  --------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
  Distance from the     For                                                 
  border, km            distances                                           
                        between                                             
                        **user**                                            
                        terminals, m                                        

                        \[100\]      \[400\]      \[1000\]     \[1600\]     \[2000\]

  \[0\]                                                                     

  \[50\]                                                                    

  \[100\]                                                                   

  \[150\]                                                                   

  \[200\]                                                                   

  \[250\]                                                                   

  \[300\]                                                                   

  \[350\]                                                                   

  \[400\]                                                                   

  \[420\]                                                                   

  Distance from the     For                                                 
  border, km            distances                                           
                        between the                                         
                        **base**                                            
                        stations, m                                         

                        \[5000\]     \[10 000\]   \[15 000\]   \[18 000\]   \[20 000\]

  0                                                                         

  50                                                                        

  100                                                                       

  150                                                                       

  200                                                                       

  250                                                                       

  300                                                                       

  350                                                                       

  400                                                                       

  420                                                                       
  --------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

## 6.2 Guidance to compatibility calculation for the ARNS terrestrial station receiver and that of the MS stations service areas

The Scenario 2 calculation results refer to distance between the ARNS
terrestrial station receiver and that of the MS stations service areas
for different ERP of the MS stations and different densities of their
deployment. Considering the worst scenario when ARNS stations are
located at the national boundaries, the distance indicates the required
distance at which MS stations needs to be moved away from the border in
order to provide the compatibility with an ARNS station.

Estimations related to the abovementioned scenarios use the following
general assumptions:

1\. The ARNS receiver antenna pattern sector in which interference
effect is accounted for is:

\- \[8\] degrees for the ARNS ground-based receiver.

2\. Constant terrain features in the propagation path.

3\. Height of the MS user terminal is constant and equals to \[1.5\] m
with the MS base stations height of \[40\] m.

4\. Distance between the simultaneously co-frequency operating MS
stations varies:

\- for the user terminals between \[100\] m and \[2\] km;

\- for base stations between \[2\] km and \[20\] km.

5\. EIRP of the MS user terminals varies between \[0\] dBm and \[30\]
dBm and that of the MS base stations varies between \[45\] dBm and
\[65\] dBm.

[\[NOTE: The parameters should be aligned with section 4.1 of Annex 1,
furthermore the usage of units for powers need to be aligned throughout
the documentation of JTG5-6 SWG1!!!\]]{.mark}

Table 6.2

Estimation results for Scenario 2 - The separation distance (km) for
which the interference level at the ground based receiver do not exceed
the required protection level

  ---------------------- --------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------- --------------- ---------------- --------------- ---------------- ---------------
  **MS stations ERP,                     **The                                                                                                                          
  dBW**                                  distance                                                                                                                       
                                         between the                                                                                                                    
                                         MS user                                                                                                                        
                                         stations,                                                                                                                      
                                         (m)**                                                                                                                          

                                         **\[100\]**                   **\[500\]**                    **\[1 000\]**                    **\[1 500\]**                    **\[2 000\]**

  \[0\]                                                                                                                                                                 

  \[5\]                                                                                                                                                                 

  \[10\]                                                                                                                                                                

                                         **The                                                                                                                          
                                         distance                                                                                                                       
                                         between the                                                                                                                    
                                         MS base                                                                                                                        
                                         stations,                                                                                                                      
                                         (m)**                                                                                                                          

                         **\[2 000\]**                 **\[5 000\]**                 **\[10 000\]**                   **\[15 000\]**                   **\[20 000\]**   

  \[15\]                                                                                                                                                                

  \[20\]                                                                                                                                                                

  \[25\]                                                                                                                                                                

  \[30\]                                                                                                                                                                

  \[35\]                                                                                                                                                                
  ---------------------- --------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------- --------------- ---------------- --------------- ---------------- ---------------

Annex 4\
\
Treatment of power (ERP vs. EIRP; dBm vs. dBkW), antenna gain (dBi vs.
dBd), and propagation prediction (field strength vs. propagation loss)

The broadcasting service deals with transmitter powers in terms of ERP
(dBkW), antenna gain relative to a dipole (G~d~, dBd), and propagation
prediction in terms of field strength (E, dBV/m). The mobile service
deals with powers in terms of EIRP (dBm), antenna gain relative to an
isotropic antenna (G~i~, dBi), and propagation prediction in terms of
propagation loss (Loss, dB). In order to deal in a consistent manner
with both sets of parameters in the JTG 5-6 studies, it is necessary to
be clear about the connection and the conversion between the two sets of
parameters/units. The sections below provide the clarification required.

# 1 Definition of EIRP and ERP

EIRP ('effective isotropic radiated power') and ERP ('effective radiated
power') are defined as follows:

EIRP = P~T~ -- L~f~ + G~i~

ERP = P~T~ -- L~f~ + G~d~

where P~T~ is the actual transmitter output power (either dBm or dBkW),
L~f~ is the feeder (cable) loss (dB), G~i~ is the isotropic antenna gain
(expressed in dBi, relative to a (theoretical) isotropic reference
antenna), and G~d~ is the dipole antenna gain (expressed in dBd,
relative to a dipole reference antenna).

# 2 Conversion between dBkW and dBm units[^20] 

Powers, expressed in dBkW (P~dBkW~) and dBm (P~dBm~), are related as
follows (the subscripts indicate the units):

P~dBkW~ = P~dBm~ -- 60; P~dBm~ = P~dBkW~ + 60.[^21]

**3 Conversion between G~i~ and G~d~**

Isotropic antenna gain (G~i~, dBi) and dipole antenna gain (G~d~, dBd)
are related via the antenna aperture, A~a~, and the wavelength, , as
follows:

A~a~ = G~i~ + 10 log (^2^/4) = G~d~ + 10 log (1.64 ^2^/4)

So

G~i~ = G~d~ + 2.15; G~d~ = G~i~ -- 2.15.[^22]

# 4 Conversion between EIRP and ERP 

Absolute values of EIRP and ERP are related as follows (the subscripts
indicate the units):

EIRP~dBkW~ = ERP~dBkW~ + 2.15    ; ERP~dBkW~ = EIRP~dBkW~ -- 2.15

EIRP~dBm~ = ERP~dBm~ + 2.15    ; ERP~dBm~ = EIRP~dBm~ -- 2.15

EIRP~dBm~ = ERP~dBkW~ + 60 + 2.15 ; ERP~dBkW~ = EIRP~dBm~ -- 60 -- 2.15.

# 5 Conversion between field strength and propagation loss

The field strength, E~1546~^0^, directly predicted by Rec. ITU-R
P.1546-3, assumes a transmitter ERP = 0 dBkW; E~1546~^0^ is expressed in
units of dBV/m. For an arbitrary ERP~dBkW~, the predicted field
strength, E~1546~, expressed in units of dBV/m, is

E~1546~ = E~1546~^0^ + ERP~dBkW~

The propagation loss ('LOSS') predicted by the Hata model is expressed
in dB (i.e., independent of transmitter power).

The relationship between predicted field strength, E~1546~^0^ (i.e., for
ERP = 0 dBkW), and the predicted propagation loss, LOSS~dB~, for a given
frequency (f~MHz~) measured in MHz, is the following:

E~1546~^0^ = 139.3 + 20 log f~MHz~ -- Loss~dB~;

Loss~dB~ = 139.3 + 20 log f~MHz~ -- E~1546~^0^.

For any given ERP~dBkW~, the corresponding relationship between E~1546~
and the predicted propagation loss, for a given frequency (f~MHz~), is
the following:

E~1546~ = 139.3 + 20 log f~MHz~ -- Loss~dB~ + ERP~dBkW~;

Loss~dB~ = 139.3 + 20 log f~MHz~ -- E~1546~ +
ERP~dBkW~.\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

[^1]: That is, for a small area to be considered as 'covered',
    acceptable reception must be guaranteed at a large percentage (e.g.
    95 %) of the points within that area.

[^2]: For example, the log-normal method (LNM) is an approximation
    method for the statistical computation of the sum distribution of
    several log-normally distributed variables, but is not considered
    necessary to be used in the context of JTG 5-6 compatibility
    studies.

[^3]: ^This\ combined\ power\ sum\ 'works'\ for\ probability\ considerations,\ because\ the\ noise\ has\ a\ constant\ value,^
    ^i.e.,\ the\ location\ standard\ deviation\ is\ 0.^

[^4]: Note that the single interference and the noise can be power
    summed and still result in a log-normal distribution because the
    noise has standard deviation 0 dB, i.e., is constant.

[^5]: Note that it is assumed that the relevant protections ratios,
    PR~i~, will refer to 'adjacent channels' (N m~i~, m~i~ ≥ 1), and
    will thus be negative. Therefore, don't be misled by the appearance
    of Figure 1: I~Umax~ = C~W~ -- PR really is larger/higher than C~W~,
    because PR is negative.

[^6]: In order to select a given set of parameter values a
    'pseudo-random' number generator is used, to make easy usage and
    repeatability. To make appropriate (i.e. 'good') simulations, the
    pseudo-random sequence must be \"random enough\" in the sense that
    the numbers are uniformly distributed or follow another desired
    distribution when a large enough number of elements of the sequence
    are considered.

[^7]: 10's of thousands of data points may be necessary during each
    simulation, and 10's of thousands of simulations may be needed to
    provide acceptable results.

[^8]: The distinction between 'close to' and 'far from' is important for
    the JTG 5-6 compatibility studies because 'far from' is a far more
    sensitive broadcast reception region as compared to 'close to'. For
    this reason, 'small area' investigations are necessary, in order not
    to camouflage local problems by a seemingly satisfactory result
    averaged overall.

[^9]: In other words, this wanted field strength value is determined
    from the propagation model, including a standard deviation
    'correction' derived from the assumed location variation statistics.
    The standard deviation, ~W~, is taken to be 5.5 dB for broadcast
    signals.

[^10]: Note that the standard deviations for the wanted and interfering
    signals, ~W~ and ~I~, may have different values.

[^11]: That is. A B 10 log~10~ (10^A/10^ + 10^B/10^).

[^12]: It may be sufficient to consider only H~TMS~ = 30 for the mobile
    base station.

[^13]: It may be sufficient to consider only H~RMS~ = 30 for the mobile
    base station.

[^14]: It may be sufficient to consider only H~TBC~ = 75, 150, 300 m.

[^15]: It may be sufficient to consider only H~TMS~ = 30 for the mobile
    base station.

[^16]: It may be sufficient to consider only H~RMS~ = 30 for the mobile
    base station.

[^17]: It may be sufficient to consider only H~TBC~ = 75, 150, 300 m.

[^18]: The reference receiving/mobile antenna at a height, *R* (m) is
    representative of the height of the ground cover surrounding the
    receiving/mobile antenna, subject to a minimum height value of 10 m.
    Examples of reference heights are 20 m for an urban area, 30 m for a
    dense urban area and 10 m for a suburban area. For sea paths the
    notional value of *R* is 10 m.

[^19]: Actually, ITU-R Report SM.2028 uses, incorrectly, the word
    "above" instead of the correct word "below".

[^20]: The unit 'dBkW' expresses power in dBs relative to 1 kW
    (kilowatts); the unit 'dBm' expresses power in dBs relative to 1 mW
    (milliwatts).

[^21]: If the power unit 'dBW' (dB relative to 1 W (watts)) is also of
    interest, the corresponding conversions are: P~dBkW~ = P~dBW~ -- 30;
    P~dBm~ = P~dBW~ + 30.

[^22]: For convenience, the factor '2.15' is rounded up from the more
    precise value '2.1484...' (= 10 log 1.64).