![](media/image1.png){width="3.94375in" height="1.475in"}

**Example Post-Installation Report**

**for a**

**Super ESPC Project**

**Revised December 15, 2005**

**Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)**

**Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy**

**U.S. Department of Energy**

This document was developed for the U.S. Department of Energy's Federal
Energy Management Program by Nexant, Inc., and Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory. This document WILL BE posted on FEMP's web site at
[www.eere.energy.gov/femp/financing/superespcs_mvresources.cfm](http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/financing/superespcs_mvresources.cfm).

Comments should be sent to <lwebster@nexant.com>.

**Contents**

[Background iii](#background)

[1. Executive Summary 1](#executive-summary)

[1.1 Project Background 1](#project-background)

[1.2 Brief Project and ECM Descriptions
1](#brief-project-and-ecm-descriptions)

[1.3 Proposed and expected energy and cost savings for Year 1 of the
performance period
1](#proposed-and-expected-energy-and-cost-savings-for-year-1-of-the-performance-period)

[1.4 Energy, Water, and O&M Rate Data 3](#energy-water-and-om-rate-data)

[1.5 Savings Adjustments 3](#savings-adjustments)

[1.6 Construction Period Savings 3](#construction-period-savings)

[1.7 Status of Rebates 3](#status-of-rebates)

[2. Lighting M&V Activities and Expected First Year Savings
5](#ecm-1-lighting-retrofit-mv-activities-and-expected-first-year-savings)

[2.1 Lighting M&V and Savings Calculation Overview
5](#lighting-mv-and-savings-calculation-overview)

[2.2 Lighting Installation Verification
6](#lighting-installation-verification)

[2.3 Post-Installation M&V Activities Conducted
8](#post-installation-mv-activities-conducted)

[2.4 Expected Savings Calculations and Methodology
9](#expected-savings-calculations-and-methodology)

[2.5 Details of O&M and Other Savings
10](#details-of-om-and-other-savings)

[3. Chiller M&V Activities and Expected First Year Savings
12](#ecm-3---chiller-replacement-mv-activities-and-expected-first-year-savings)

[3.1 Chiller M&V and Savings Calculation Overview
12](#chiller-mv-and-savings-calculation-overview)

[3.2 Chiller Installation Verification
14](#chiller-installation-verification)

[3.3 Post-Installation M&V Activities Conducted
17](#post-installation-mv-activities-conducted-1)

[3.4 Expected Savings Calculations and Methodology
17](#expected-savings-calculations-and-methodology-1)

[3.5 Details of O&M and Other Savings
18](#details-of-om-and-other-savings-1)

[4. EMCS M&V Activities and Expected First Year Savings
20](#ecm-2-emcs-mv-activities-and-expected-first-year-savings)

[4.1 EMCS M&V and Savings Calculation Overview
20](#emcs-mv-and-savings-calculation-overview)

[4.2 EMCS Installation Verification 23](#emcs-installation-verification)

[4.3 Post-Installation M&V Activities Conducted
25](#post-installation-mv-activities-conducted-2)

[4.4 Expected Savings Calculations and Methodology
25](#expected-savings-calculations-and-methodology-2)

[4.5 Details of O&M and Other Savings
25](#details-of-om-and-other-savings-2)

##  

## Background

This document is a comprehensive Post-Installation Report for a
fictional energy performance contract project. This document is intended
to serve the following purposes:

-   Provide examples of post-installation reporting for common ECMs that
    comply with the requirements set forth in the FEMP M&V guidelines,
    Version 2.2[^1], and

-   Fulfil the requirements of the example M&V Plan developed for this
    project, and

-   Provide and promote use of a consistent format for Post-Installation
    Reports for Federal ESPC projects, as detailed by the
    Post-Installation Report Outline[^2].

This document contains post-installation reporting for three measures,
using Option A and B methods, at a fictitious federal office building.
The ECMs include lighting, energy management and control system (EMCS)
installation, and a chiller retrofit:

-   Lighting Efficiency Measure -- Option A, FEMP Method LE-A-01

-   Energy Management Control System Installation - Option B, FEMP
    Method GVL-B-01

-   Chiller Replacement Measure -- Option B, FEMP Method CH-B-02

**Post-Installation Report**

**for the**

**Piscataway Federal Center**

**Provided in fulfillment of SuperESPC requirements**

**Delivery Order Number FAKE34621**

**By**

**ABC Engineering, Inc.**

**January 30, 2005**

# 1. Executive Summary

## 1.1 Project Background

### 1.1.1 This report summarizes the post-installation M&V results for the Piscataway Federal Building project and estimates energy and cost savings for the first performance year based on as-built conditions. 

17. Contract \# PISCA223581 / Delivery Order \# FAKE34621 / Task 2

18. ECM installation occurred between December 5, 2004 and January 15,
    2005.

19. Post-installation inspections were completed on January 20, 2005.

20. Project acceptance by GSA, marking the beginning of the performance
    period, is projected to be January 20, 2005.

## 1.2 Brief Project and ECM Descriptions 

### 1.2.1 This project achieves energy savings through upgrades to the building's lighting, improvements to the central plant chiller, and the addition of an energy management control system (EMCS). This project also improves lighting levels and provides more reliable HVAC and central plant operation, thereby reducing maintenance costs. 

### 1.2.2 The project scope was slightly reduced, as only 1,626 of the 1,745 lighting fixtures specified in the final proposal were actually installed. All other measures were installed as proposed. 

## 1.3 Proposed and Expected Energy and Cost Savings for Year 1 of the Performance Period

### 1.3.1 The first year guaranteed cost savings of \$88,626 is expected to be achieved, despite the fact that the project scope was slightly reduced. This is due to incorporating a guarantee factor of 96% in the original proposed first year guaranteed savings value. Accounting for the reduced project scope, the revised expected first year cost savings is estimated to be \$89,769.

### 1.3.2 Table 1.1 lists the savings proposed in the Final Report, and Table 1.2 list the savings expected based on the actual installed conditions from the three energy conservation measures (ECMs) in this project. 

Table 1.1 Proposed Annual Savings Overview

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>ECM</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy savings (kWh/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand savings (kW/yr)*</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas savings<br />
(MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water savings (gallons/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total energy &amp; water cost savings, Year 1
($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy-related O&amp;M cost savings, Year 1
($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lighting</td>
<td>636</td>
<td>186,406</td>
<td>624</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$14,811</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$14,811</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Chiller</td>
<td>803</td>
<td>235,374</td>
<td>479</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$16,214</td>
<td>$12,000</td>
<td>$28,214</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>EMCS</td>
<td>3,069</td>
<td>899,252</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$47,211</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$47,211</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total savings</strong></td>
<td><strong>4,508</strong></td>
<td><strong>1,321,032</strong></td>
<td><strong>1,103</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$78,236</strong></td>
<td><strong>$12,000</strong></td>
<td><strong>$90,236</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><strong>First year guaranteed savings:
$88,626</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><h4 id="notes" class="unnumbered"><u>Notes</u></h4>
<h4 id="mbtu106-btu." class="unnumbered">MBtu=10<sup>6</sup> Btu.</h4>
<p>*Annual electric demand savings (kW/yr) is the sum of the monthly
demand savings.</p>
<p>If energy is reported in units other than MBtu, provide a conversion
factor to MBtu for link to delivery order schedules (e.g., 0.003413
MBtu/kWh).</p>
<p>Guaranteed cost savings for project are defined in Schedule DO-1 in
Delivery Order.</p>
<p>The proposed savings for each ECM are included in Schedule DO-4 in
Delivery Order.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Table 1.2 Expected Savings Overview for First Performance Year

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>ECM</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy savings (kWh/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand savings (kW/yr)*</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas savings<br />
(MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water savings (gallons/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total energy &amp; water cost savings, Year 1
($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy-related O&amp;M cost savings, Year 1
($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Lighting</td>
<td>616</td>
<td>180,372</td>
<td>610</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$14,344</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$14,344</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Chiller</td>
<td>803</td>
<td>235,374</td>
<td>479</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$16,214</td>
<td>$12,000</td>
<td>$28,214</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>EMCS</td>
<td>3,069</td>
<td>899,252</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$47,211</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$47,211</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Total savings</strong></td>
<td><strong>4,488</strong></td>
<td><strong>1,314,998</strong></td>
<td><strong>1,089</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$77,769</strong></td>
<td><strong>$12,000</strong></td>
<td><strong>$89,769</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><h4 id="notes-1" class="unnumbered"><u>Notes</u></h4>
<h4 id="mbtu106-btu.-1" class="unnumbered">MBtu=10<sup>6</sup> Btu.</h4>
<p>*Annual electric demand savings (kW/yr) is the sum of the monthly
demand savings.</p>
<p>If energy is reported in units other than MBtu, provide a conversion
factor to MBtu for link to delivery order schedules (e.g., 0.003413
MBtu/kWh).</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Note: Expected savings are prediction for first year based on
post-installation M&V activities. Verified savings for first year of
performance period will be documented in annual report.

## Energy, Water, and O&M Rate Data

### 1.4.1 Energy costs used to determine the value of the energy savings are held constant over the contract term. The rates used to determine savings are those that the facility was paying as of January 2005, as defined in the M&V Plan. While the energy rates could have been escalated to account for inflation, it was decided to keep them constant over the contract term to remain conservative. If energy prices increase, then the agency will realize more savings than will be claimed. The agency also needs to realize that in the unlikely event that energy prices decrease, the energy saved will still be valued at these rates. 

> The Federal Building purchases both electricity and gas from Public
> Service Electric & Gas (PSE&G). Electricity is provided under rate
> schedule GS-1. No savings of natural gas or water are expected from
> this project.
>
> Table 1.3 Electric Rate Schedule GS-1

  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
  **Monthly charge**      **Cost per kWh (flat    **Cost per kW-mo (no
                          rate- no TOU charges)** seasonal charges)**

  \$55                    \$0.0525                \$8.052
  ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

### 1.4.2 Rates during this performance period were not adjusted from the rates listed above in Table 1.3.

### 1.4.3 Actual energy rates during this period remained the same as quoted in Table 1.3.

## 1.5 Savings Adjustments

### 1.5.1 The only savings adjustments made to those estimated in the final proposal were for the lighting ECM. Not all the proposed light fixtures were installed, as only 1,626 of the 1,745 fixtures were eligible to receive rebates from the local utility. 

### 1.5.2 Small reductions (\~3%) were made in the energy and demand savings predictions for the lighting ECM. The overall impact on energy and demand savings for the building was less than 2%, and annual monetary savings was reduced by less than \$500. 

## 1.6 Construction Period Savings

### 1.6.1 No energy savings were accrued during the construction period.

## 1.7 Status of Rebates 

### Rebates have been applied for from Public Service Electric & Gas for more efficient lighting. The table below lists lighting incentives expected for this project. 

**Table 1.4 Lighting Rebates from Public Service Electric & Gas**

  --------------- ------------ ------------- --------------- ---------------
  **Fixture       **\#         **\# Lamps**  **Rebate \$ /   **Total
  type**          Fixtures**                 lamp**          rebate**

  T-8, 4-lamp     1,339        5,356         \$1.50          \$8,034

  T-8, 2-lamp     60           120           \$1.50          \$180

  Screw-in CFLs   307          307           \$2.25          \$691

  *Exit* Sign     39           39            \$5.00          \$195
  LEDs                                                       

  **TOTAL**       **1,745**                                  **\$9,100**
  --------------- ------------ ------------- --------------- ---------------

### 1.7.2 Completed applications for lighting rebates have been filed with Public Service Electric & Gas, and payments are pending. All incentives will be provided by PSE&G directly to the GSA. 

# 2. ECM #1 -- Lighting Retrofit: M&V Activities and Expected First Year Savings

## 2.1 Lighting M&V and Savings Calculation Overview

### 2.1.1 A complete retrofit of the lighting equipment in the Federal Center was completed as part of the ESPC agreement. The old fixtures, consisting mainly of T12 fluorescent fixtures and incandescent bulbs, were retrofitted with more efficient equipment, primarily T8 fluorescent lamps and electronic ballasts, compact fluorescent lamps, and LED *Exit* signs. Energy savings and demand savings will result from this retrofit. An additional benefit will be enhanced quality of lighting, as the new fixtures will provide improved color rendering, and less flicker.

### The measurement and verification plan for the lighting efficiency retrofit at the Federal Center will follow the guidelines detailed in FEMP M&V Option A, Method LE-A-01. The variables affecting savings from this lighting project are fixture wattages, hours of operation, and level of coincident operation. Fixture wattages will be determined from a standard table of wattages or from manufacturer's data, and annual operating hours will be stipulated based on short-term monitored data. The fixture wattage table referenced is from a TXU Electric program[^3].

### The M&V methodology for the lighting retrofit was as follows: During installation of the fixtures and lamps, existing ballast and lamp model numbers were spot-checked with the TXU Wattage Table, and were compared to the values specified for the fixture in that location. If more than 10% of the fixtures had greater than 10% deviations from the wattage table values, the estimated post-installation wattage for the usage group was adjusted. 

> After the installation was completed, an as-built inventory of
> post-installation lighting fixtures was compiled, including the
> lighting ballasts and lamps actually installed, and lighting
> illumination levels in each area. Savings predictions are corrected
> based on as-built data and reported below.

2.  Energy savings calculations for lighting are found by subtracting
    the estimated energy use of retrofitted lighting fixtures from the
    energy use of the original fixtures.

First, the baseline energy use and demand of each fixture was
determined. This involved counting each fixture type, finding their
wattages, and then grouping them into seven common functionalities, such
as common office areas, hallways, closed office areas, exit lighting,
etc. Measurements of operating hours were made for a representative
sample of each lighting group. Operating hours were multiplied by
fixture wattages to estimate the baseline energy use of the building's
lighting. Baseline energy demand was calculated by assuming that 72% of
all fixtures operate during peak hours (diversity factor of 0.72). All
fixture wattages were summed, and then multiplied by 0.72 to estimate
baseline energy demand for lighting.

### 

Next, the energy use and demand of the retrofitted fixtures was
determined. The new wattages of ballast and lamp assemblies were
proposed in the M&V analysis. Fixture wattages and correct operation are
verified by spot inspections of representative samples. Fixtures are
assumed to operate for the same number of hours as before the retrofit,
and the diversity factor of 0.72 is also assumed to remain the same.
Retrofitted lighting energy use is found by multiplying the new fixture
wattages by the assumed operating hours. Lighting demand is found by
summing all new fixture wattages and multiplying by the 0.72 diversity
factor.

## 2.2 Lighting Installation Verification

### Facility management decided not to replace any lighting fixtures that were not eligible for rebates from Public Service Electric & Gas. Out of the 1,745 fixtures originally proposed for replacement with more efficient fixtures, only 1,626 fixtures were replaced as proposed. The remaining 119 fixtures (ineligible incandescent lamps that were going to be replaced with screw-in compact fluorescent lamps) were left in place. During installation of fixtures and lamps, existing ballast and lamp model numbers were spot-checked and compared to the TXU Wattage Table. All fixtures, ballasts, and lamps checked corresponded correctly to their proposed values.

### 2.2.2 Out of the 1,745 fixtures originally proposed for retrofit to more energy efficient fixtures, 119 fixtures were left as-is. These fixtures were not eligible for utility incentives, so the building managers decided not to replace them. The smaller number of retrofitted fixtures reduced energy savings by about 3%. Table 2.1 lists the difference between the energy savings originally proposed and the actual expected energy savings of the installed lighting retrofits. 

### 2.2.3 No energy savings are assumed to accrue during the construction period. 

### 2.2.4 No energy savings calculations are made for the construction period.

Table 2.1 Impact to Energy and Cost Savings from Changes between Final
Proposal and As-Built Conditions for Lighting ECM

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Total energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy savings (kWh/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand savings* (kW/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas savings (MBtu/yr)**</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water savings (gallons/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy-related O&amp;M cost savings, Year 1
($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Proposed</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>636</td>
<td>186,406</td>
<td>$9,786</td>
<td>624</td>
<td>$5,025</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$14,811</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Expected</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>616</td>
<td>180,372</td>
<td>$9,469</td>
<td>610</td>
<td>$4,875</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$14,344</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Variance</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><strong>20</strong></td>
<td><strong>6,034</strong></td>
<td><strong>$317</strong></td>
<td><strong>14</strong></td>
<td><strong>$150</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>$467</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><p><u>Notes</u></p>
<p>MBtu = 10<sup>6</sup> Btu.</p>
<p>*Annual electric demand savings (kW/yr) is the sum of the monthly
demand savings.</p>
<p>If energy is reported in units other than MBtu, provide a conversion
factor to MBtu for link to delivery order schedules (e.g. 0.003413
MBtu/kWh).</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Note: Expected savings are a prediction for the first year, based on
post-installation M&V activities. Verified savings for the first year of
the performance period will be documented in the Annual Report. The
proposed savings for each ECM are included in Schedule DO-4 of the
Delivery Order.

## 2.3 Post-Installation M&V Activities Conducted

### 2.3.1 No equipment was used to perform post-installation verification; only visual inspections were done. 

### 2.3.2 No equipment was used to perform inspections, so no calibrations needed to be made. 

### Spot-checks of light fixtures, ballasts, and lamps were made during installation on November 22, 2004 by Rudy Engineer of ABC Engineering. Mr. Engineer returned on December 15, 2004 and did a walk-through of the facility to check that all fixtures were properly installed and operational. Ted Bureaucrat of the Piscataway Federal Center accompanied Rudy Engineer during both his inspection visits. 

> 2.3.4 As was done during the initial M&V work for this project,
> inspectors were careful to inspect a minimum sample size of each group
> of fixtures as described in the M&V Plan. The sample size, n, for the
> total population of lighting circuits was determined using the
> following standard statistical equations for estimating sample
> populations[^4]:

$n^{} = \frac{Z^{2}C_{v}^{2}}{p^{2}};\ n = \frac{\text{Nn}^{}}{N + n^{}}$

> where: Z = 1.282 for a confidence level of 80%,
>
> p = 0.2 for a precision level of 20%,
>
> C~v~ = the coefficient of variation, assumed to be 0.5.
>
> N is the total population of circuits for the building, n^\*^ is the
> sample size required for an infinitely large population, and n is the
> sample size after correcting for a finite population. The minimum
> number of inspections made for each group of fixtures is listed in the
> table below.

### Table 2.2: Usage Group Descriptions and Required Inspections 

  ---------------------------- -------------- --------------- -------------
  **Usage group**              **\# of        **\# Circuits   **\# Points
                               Fixtures**     (N)**           (n)**

  24 Hour - Exit               69             21              1

  24 Hour - Misc               30             9               5

  Closed Office Areas          661            200             10

  Common Office Areas          555            168             11

  Conference Rooms             43             13              1

  Halls and Common Areas       68             10              1

  Storage, Computer Closets    200            60              1

  **Totals**                   **1,626**      **481**         **30**
  ---------------------------- -------------- --------------- -------------

### 2.3.5 Post-installation inspections were made to spot-check that the correct equipment was installed and operating correctly. The Appendix lists the fixtures, ballasts, and lamps that were inspected on November 22, 2004, recording their TXU numbers, their associated wattages, and the wattages they are supposed to have. Lighting levels were also checked and recorded for each space type. The Appendix also lists the fixtures that were observed to be correctly installed and operational during the December 15, 2004 inspection. 

### 2.3.6 All installed fixtures were found to have the correct wattages, and were operational. 

### 2.3.7 No performance deficiencies were found. 

### 2.3.8 Since no performance deficiencies were found, there are no energy or cost savings impacts due to light fixture performance. 

## 2.4 Expected Savings Calculations and Methodology

2.4.1 Energy savings calculations used are described in Section 2.1.4 of
this report and are detailed in the M&V Plan.

### Manufacturer's data are used to determine the fixture wattages, specifically through use of the TXU Electric program.[^5] Annual operating hours are based on short-term monitored data of a representative sample of light fixtures. A diversity factor of 0.72, representing the fraction of fixtures that are on simultaneously during peak hours, was found from metered data during the baseline period. 

2.4.3 The following calculations are used to find energy and demand
savings of lighting retrofits. Baseline and post-retrofit demand for
each usage group are found from:

> kW UsageGroup U~baseline~ = Σ~u~ (kW~baseline\ fixture~)
>
> kW UsageGroup U~post~ = Σ~u~ (kW~post\ fixture~)
>
> Energy (kWh) and demand (kW) savings will be calculated as follows:
>
> kWh Savings = ∑~u~ \[(kW UsageGroup U~baseline~ - kW UsageGroup
> U~post~ ) x Annual Hours of Operation\]~u~
>
> kW Savings = ∑~u~ \[(kW UsageGroup U~baseline~ - kW UsageGroup U~post~
> ) x Diversity Factor\], where:

  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------
  kWh Savings =           kilowatt-hour savings realized during one year
                          post-installation

  kW Savings =            Coincident kilowatt demand saving realized

  kW UsageGroup           Lighting baseline demand for usage group u
  U~baseline~ =           

  kW UsageGroup U~post~ = Lighting demand during post-installation period
                          for usage group u

  Annual Hours of         Annual number of operating hours for the usage
  Operation=              group u

  Diversity Factor =      Maximum percent of lighting operating at one
                          time, as determined from metered data from
                          time-of-use loggers
  ----------------------- -----------------------------------------------

> The annual cost savings is found from:
>
> Annual Cost Savings = \[Rate~kWh~ × kWh Savings\] + \[12 × Rate~kW~ ×
> kW Savings\], where:
>
> Rate~kWh~ = \$0.0525/kWh, and Rate~kW~ = \$8.052/kW.

### 2.4.4 Energy use and demand savings for lighting were adjusted to remove fixtures that were not retrofitted from the calculations. A total of 119 fixtures listed in the original proposal were ultimately not retrofitted, since facility management decided only to retrofit light fixtures for which they would receive a utility rebate. 

> 2.4.5 Energy rates used to calculate savings are listed in Section
> 1.4.1 of this report.
>
> 2.4.6 First year energy savings are assumed to be no different from
> savings accrued in the years to follow. Year 1 energy savings for
> lighting retrofits are listed in Table 2.3.

## 2.5 Details of O&M and Other Savings 

1.  No Operation & Maintenance savings are assumed for the lighting ECM
    in this study.

    2.5.2 No other savings are assumed for the lighting ECM in this
    study.

Table 2.3 Expected Year 1 Savings for Lighting ECM

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Total energy use (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy use (kWh/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand* (kW/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas use<br />
(MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water use (gallons/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy use (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy-related O&amp;M costs ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total costs ($/yr)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Baseline use</td>
<td>1,840</td>
<td>539,214</td>
<td>$28,310</td>
<td>1,830</td>
<td>$14,720</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$43,030</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Post-installation use</td>
<td>1,224</td>
<td>358,842</td>
<td>$18,840</td>
<td>1,220</td>
<td>$9,842</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$28,682</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Savings</strong></td>
<td><strong>616</strong></td>
<td><strong>180,372</strong></td>
<td><strong>$9,470</strong></td>
<td><strong>610</strong></td>
<td><strong>$4,874</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$14,344</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><p><u>Notes</u></p>
<p>MBtu = 10<sup>6</sup> Btu.</p>
<p>*Annual electric demand savings (kW/yr) is the sum of the monthly
demand savings.</p>
<p>If energy is reported in units other than MBtu, provide a conversion
factor to MBtu for link to delivery order schedules (e.g. 0.003413
MBtu/kWh).</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

# 3. ECM #3 - Chiller Replacement: M&V Activities and Expected First Year Savings

## 3.1 Chiller M&V and Savings Calculation Overview

### 3.1.1 The Piscataway Federal Center was cooled by a central chilled water plant with a 400-ton constant-speed centrifugal chiller that was 20 years old and had experienced significant degradation in performance. The old chiller had a nominal rated efficiency of 0.85 kW/ton, which is significantly poorer in comparison with efficiencies of currently available centrifugal chillers. As part of this ESPC project, the old chiller was replaced with a new, high efficiency unit with the same capacity. 

The new chiller has a nominal ARI rating of 0.52 kW/ton. The cooling
tower was replaced five years ago, and was not modified as part of this
Delivery Order. The chilled water and condenser water pumps were
serviced, but not replaced. No other changes to the cooling plant were
made. Energy savings for this measure result from the reduction of
chiller demand to provide the same cooling as in the baseline case.

### 3.1.2 The methodology used to evaluate energy savings of the chiller replacement comes from guidelines laid out in FEMP Option B, Method CH-B-02. This method requires metering of chiller electric and load variables in both the baseline and post-installation period. Baseline metering was performed over a short-term period, and continuous metering will be done in the post-installation period. It is appropriate to use Option B for this project for several reasons. There is a significant uncertainty in what the actual operating hours of the new chiller will be, data collection is available with the use of the new EMCS, and analysis of the collected data will provide a continuous performance check on the new chiller.

### 3.1.3 The M&V methodology for the chiller includes monitoring the existing and replacement chillers. The purpose of collecting baseline chiller data was to develop a model of the existing chiller's performance. This model will enable the prediction of the baseline chiller demand from load and system operating parameter data. Approximately one month (August 13 to September 17, 2003) of baseline metering was conducted, with enough data points collected to successfully build the performance model. 

In the post-installation period, chiller demand (kW), load data (tons),
and system operating parameters (chilled and condenser water
temperatures) will be collected continuously. The load data will be used
to determine the equivalent baseline chiller demand for the same
interval. Savings will be determined from the difference in the
calculated baseline chiller demand and the measured post-installation
chiller demand.

> This M&V plan is based on the following assumptions:

-   No other changes are planned to the condenser pumps, chilled water
    pumps or the cooling tower.

-   One month of monitoring of chiller demand and load variables was
    adequate to develop an accurate model of the existing chiller
    performance.

-   The building plans no major projects, such as building additions, or
    changes that would significantly alter the current building
    occupancy rate, schedule, or other internal cooling loads.

### 3.1.4 In order to calculate chiller energy savings, a baseline chiller must be defined. The existing chiller was monitored to characterize its energy use. Data collection of the existing chiller's demand, entering and leaving chilled water temperatures, and entering condenser water temperature occurred during August and September 2003. The data was collected in 15-minute intervals using an Elite 6-channel data recorder[^6]. In order to collect data over a full range of operating conditions (chilled and condenser water temperatures, chiller demand) expected in the post-installation period, the condenser and chilled water temperatures were reset manually. Chilled water flow was measured with a portable ultrasonic flow meter installed in the chilled water supply loop. The data was analyzed, and an appropriate model of chiller performance was developed, as described below. Metered data is included in the Appendix.

> The monitored data collected during the baseline period was used to
> develop the following model of the existing chiller performance.
> Because the performance depends on so many variables, the chiller
> models specified in ASHRAE 90.1 was used as a base and customized
> using the metered data. The model is based on a set of bi-quadratic
> and quadratic equations, detailed below.
>
> The following notations are applicable to the equations used in this
> section:
>
> CHWF Chilled water flow in gallons per minute (GPM)
>
> ECWT Entering chilled water temperature (return temperature, °F)

LCWT Leaving chilled water temperature (supply temperature, °F)

> CWT Condenser water temperature (°F) to chiller
>
> PLR Part Load Ratio
>
> 500 Conversion from GPM to pounds per hour Btu per pound-degree
> Fahrenheit
>
> 12,000 Conversion from BTUH to tons
>
> CAP~nom~ Nominal or full-load capacity of chiller (400 tons)
>
> kW~nom~ Nominal or full load chiller demand. The nominal kW is the
> nominal rating multiplied by the nominal capacity (0.85 × 400 = 340
> kW)

The maximum capacity (tons) of the chiller varies with operating
parameters, and can be determined from:

> CAP~t~ = CAP~nom~\[a + b(CHWT) + c(CHWT)^2^ + d(CWT) + e(CWT)^2^ +
> f(CHWT)(CWT)\]
>
> In addition, the chiller load and current part-load ratio at any time
> (t) are calculated by the following equations:
>
> TONS~t~ = (CHWF)(500)(ECWT -- LCWT)(1) / (12,000)
>
> PLR~t~ = TONS~t~ / CAP~t~
>
> Chiller electric demand is calculated by the following equations:
>
> Temp~adj~ = g + h(CHWT) + i(CHWT)^2^ + j(CWT) + k(CWT)^2^ +
> l(CHWT)(CWT)
>
> PLR~adj~ = m + n(PLR~t~) + o(PLR~t~)^2^
>
> kW~t~ = (kW~nom~)(PLR~adj~)(Temp~adj~)

The coefficients a through o were determined from metered data, and are
listed in the table below:

  ----------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------
  CAP~t~      a          b           c           d           e           f

              1.937313   -0.047633   -0.000345   -0.002434   -0.000425   0.001339

  Temp~adj~   g          h           i           j           k           l

              3.871122   -0.126035   0.000308    -0.005309   -0.000375   0.001389

  PLR~adj~    m          n           o                                   

              0.326267   -0.049116   0.722848                            
  ----------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------

### 

> The energy and demand savings will be calculated using:
>
> Energy Savings (kWh) = Σ~t~(kWh~t~, ~baseline~ --
> kWh~t,\ measured,\ post~ )
>
> = 0.25 × Σ~t~(kW~t,\ baseline~ -- kW~t,measured\ post~)
>
> where kW~t,baseline~ is the demand that the baseline chiller would
> have used under the load conditions encountered for 15-minute interval
> t in the post-installation period, and
>
> kW~t,\ measured,\ post~ is the measured demand of the new chiller
> during 15-minute interval t.
>
> [Monthly Demand Savings (kW) = MIN(kW~t,baseline~) --
> COINCIDENT(kW~t,post~)]{.mark}
>
> []{.mark}
>
> [where MIN(kW~t,baseline~) is the minimum of all baseline chiller
> demand predicted for each 15-minute interval in the peak period
> (between noon and 6 PM weekdays, May through October) during the
> current month using the model developed for the baseline
> chiller.]{.mark}
>
> [COINCIDENT(kW~t,post~) is the measured demand of the new chiller
> during the interval when the predicted baseline chiller demand was at
> its minimum value.]{.mark}
>
> Annual cost savings will be calculated from:
>
> Annual Cost Savings = Energy Savings (kWh) \* Rate~kWh~
>
> \+ Σ~month~(Monthly Demand Savings \* Rate~kW~)
>
> where the rates are \$0.0525 per kWh, and \$8.052 per kW, as listed in
> Table 1.3.

## 3.2 Chiller Installation Verification

### 3.2.1 ABC Engineering and Federal Center representatives conducted a post-installation inspection on January 4, 2005, and verified that the chiller installed is consistent with what was proposed and has the potential to generate the cost savings predicted. A Chiller Inspection Report detailing actual equipment installed, manufacturer's specifications and operating procedures, chilled water and condenser water flows, and documentation of the chiller model number and its rated and factory tested efficiencies (in kW/ton) is included in the Appendix.

### The new chiller is consistent with the chiller used to estimate savings in the final M&V proposal. No changes to the savings estimates are anticipated at this time. The proposed and expected energy savings of the chiller are listed in Table 3.1. 

O&M savings of \$12,000 per year apply to this ECM. These cost savings
are the result of ABC Engineering assuming the chiller maintenance
contract for the new chiller. The cost of these annual services will be
\$14,000, compared to the existing contract for \$26,000.

### 3.2.3 The new chiller was installed on November 15, 2004, and became fully operable on December 30, 2004. 

### 3.2.4 No energy savings are assumed to be accrued during the construction period. 

Table 3.1 Impact to Energy and Cost Savings from Changes between Final
Proposal and As-Built Conditions for Chiller ECM

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Total energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy savings (kWh/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand savings* (kW/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas savings (MBtu/yr)**</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water savings (gallons/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy-related O&amp;M cost savings, Year 1
($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Proposed</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>803</td>
<td>235,374</td>
<td>$12,357</td>
<td>479</td>
<td>$3,857</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$12,000</td>
<td>$28,214</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Expected</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>803</td>
<td>235,374</td>
<td>$12,357</td>
<td>479</td>
<td>$3,857</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$12,000</td>
<td>$28,214</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Variance</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><p><u>Notes</u></p>
<p>MBtu = 10<sup>6</sup> Btu.</p>
<p>*Annual electric demand savings (kW/yr) is the sum of the monthly
demand savings.</p>
<p>If energy is reported in units other than MBtu, provide a conversion
factor to MBtu for link to delivery order schedules (e.g. 0.003413
MBtu/kWh).</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Note: Expected savings are a prediction for the first year, based on
post-installation M&V activities. Verified savings for the first year of
the performance period will be documented in the Annual Report. The
proposed savings for each ECM are included in Schedule DO-4 of the
Delivery Order.

## 3.3 Post-Installation M&V Activities Conducted

### 3.3.1 No measurement equipment has yet been used to measure the chiller's performance. A visual inspection of the chiller was made on January 4, 2005, and the operating settings of the EMCS were verified. 

### 3.3.2 No equipment needed to be used or calibrated for the post-installation inspection. 

### 3.3.3 Rudy Engineer of ABC Engineering was accompanied by Ted Bureaucrat of the Piscataway Federal Center on January 4, 2005 for an inspection of the new chiller. As of December 30, 2004, the new chiller was operational. 

### 3.3.4 No samples were made in this post-installation inspection. 

### 3.3.5 The Appendix lists the details of the newly installed chiller, including the manufacturer, model number, full-load kW/ton, and the operating characteristics it exhibited during the post-installation inspection (% load, chilled water temperature, condenser water temperature, chiller flow rate, etc.). 

### 3.3.6 The installed chiller matches the description of the chiller that was proposed, confirmed by factory performance test results. See the Appendix for details. 

### 3.3.7 At this point, the chiller appears to be operating as proposed. 

### 3.3.8 No deficiencies in operation or performance have been noted at this time. 

## 3.4 Expected Savings Calculations and Methodology

### 3.4.1 Savings methodology is described in Section 3.1.4 of this report, and detailed in the M&V Plan. 

### Measurements of the old chiller were made to determine its performance coefficients, as listed in Section 3.1.4 of this report. From these performance coefficients, chiller energy use at part loads was estimated for the old, inefficient chiller. These coefficients were used to determine part-load efficiencies (kW per ton) for the chiller. Manufacturer's data was used to derive similar part-load efficiencies for the new, more efficient chiller. 

### Measured building cooling loads were correlated to outside air temperatures. Average hourly outdoor air temperatures for each month were then used to determine the average building cooling load during each hour of the day for each month of the year. Using part-load efficiencies of the new and old chiller, [the chiller kW demand was found for average hourly periods during each month. Monthly chiller energy use was found by multiplying average kW demand by the number of days in each month.]{.mark} 

[Demand savings were found by subtracting peak monthly demand for the
new chiller from the peak monthly demand for the old chiller.]{.mark}
Energy savings were found by subtracting total annual energy use for the
new chiller from the total annual energy use for the old chiller.

### 3.4.3 The Appendix includes spreadsheet calculations showing estimated savings based on historic average hourly outside air temperatures, cooling loads, old and new chiller energy demand (kW), old and new chiller energy use (kWh), and demand and energy savings for each month of the year. 

### 3.4.4 No adjustments to chiller baseline or post-install energy or demand savings were made to the final M&V savings calculations. 

### 3.4.5 Electricity demand and usage rates used to calculate monetary savings are \$8.052 per kW and \$0.0525 per kWh, as listed in Table 1.3. 

### 3.4.6 Table 3.2 shows the expected Year 1 energy savings from replacing the old chiller with a more efficient chiller. 

## 3.5 Details of O&M and Other Savings

### Additional O&M savings are due to a re-negotiation of the chiller maintenance contract with ABC Engineering. Copies of the old and new contracts were reviewed to confirm that the old service contract cost was \$26,000 annually, while under the new contract, routine maintenance of the chiller will be performed for \$14,000 annually, for a savings of \$12,000 annually. 

### 3.5.2 No other O&M savings are expected for this chiller replacement. 

Table 3.2 Expected Year 1 Savings for Chiller ECM

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Total energy use (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy use (kWh/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand* (kW/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas use<br />
(MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water use (gallons/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy use (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy-related O&amp;M costs ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total costs ($/yr)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Baseline use</td>
<td>4,255</td>
<td>1,246,773</td>
<td>$65,455</td>
<td>2,529</td>
<td>$20,364</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$26,000</td>
<td>$111,819</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Post-installation use</td>
<td>3,452</td>
<td>1,011,399</td>
<td>$53,098</td>
<td>2,050</td>
<td>$16,507</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$14,000</td>
<td>$83,605</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Savings</strong></td>
<td><strong>803</strong></td>
<td><strong>235,374</strong></td>
<td><strong>$12,357</strong></td>
<td><strong>479</strong></td>
<td><strong>$3,857</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$12,000</strong></td>
<td><strong>$28,214</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><p><u>Notes</u></p>
<p>MBtu = 10<sup>6</sup> Btu.</p>
<p>*Annual electric demand savings (kW/yr) is the sum of the monthly
demand savings.</p>
<p>If energy is reported in units other than MBtu, provide a conversion
factor to MBtu for link to delivery order schedules (e.g. 0.003413
MBtu/kWh).</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Note: Expected savings are a prediction for the first year, based on
post-installation M&V activities.

## 

# ECM #2 -- EMCS: M&V Activities and Expected First Year Savings 

## 4.1 EMCS M&V and Savings Calculation Overview

### 4.1.1 A new energy management and control system (EMCS) was installed in the Federal Center to provide enhanced control of the facility's HVAC systems. This system provides energy and cost savings by providing time of day control for the chiller, water circulation pumps, and air-handler fans.

Previously, the HVAC fans and pumps operated at constant speed under
manual control. The fan motors operated continuously, and the chiller
and pump motors ran for longer than necessary. The new control system
uses an "optimum start" sequence to determine the start-up time for this
equipment. This sequence evaluates indoor and outdoor conditions and
starts the equipment accordingly so that proper set-points are reached
prior to occupancy. The winter set-point (October -- April) is 68 °F,
and the summer set-point (May -- September) is 72 °F.

The new control system starts and stops the equipment as needed, thereby
reducing operating hours, and provides savings in the form of reduced
kilowatt-hour consumption. Demand savings will not be realized for this
measure, because the reduced operating hours take place at night and not
during daytime peak periods.

Note that the chiller savings claimed for this measure result from
reducing chiller operation at night. The savings claimed from
installation of the new chiller result from reduced demand during
operation of the chiller. Care was taken to ensure that no
double-counting of savings has been included. Additionally, natural gas
savings from reduced heating are not included, due to the difficulty in
quantifying these savings.

### The measurement and verification plan for the EMCS installation will follow guidelines from FEMP Option B, Method GVL-B-01: generic variable load project with continuous metering. The EMCS system will be used to record the actual run time of the equipment during the performance period.

Option B was chosen for this measure because of the concern that
post-installation motor operating hours may not turn out as estimated.
In addition, Option B was selected because the installation of the new
control system readily lends itself to ongoing measurement. The control
system can track the actual run times of equipment with great accuracy
and very little added cost.

2.  To calculate energy savings from installation of the new EMCS, the
    baseline operating conditions and hours must first be determined.
    Then, planned changes in operating hours due to the EMCS are
    established. The methodology for calculating EMCS savings is based
    upon the following assumptions:

-   In the absence of this project, the pump and fan performance would
    remain constant (and not degrade) at the levels measured during the
    detailed energy survey. This is a conservative estimate in that
    should motor demand levels increase, the overall effect on baseline
    energy consumption would be to increase, thus increasing the savings
    estimated for this project.

-   The chiller performance will be based on the manufacturer's
    performance specifications for the new chiller at the average
    off-hour load and for run-times calculated from the chiller baseline
    measurements.

-   In the absence of this project, the operation schedule of the
    chiller, pump and fan motors would remain the same, and baseline
    operating hours would remain constant. Facility staff indicated that
    the operation schedule had not changed for the previous five years.

-   The occupied hours of the facility are assumed to remain unchanged
    for the duration of the project, and are from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM
    every day.

> Baseline operating conditions were determined from surveys of facility
> staff, and from measurements of the energy use of various pieces of
> equipment. The current annual operating hours that were reported by
> the facility staff are shown in Table 4.1. Cooling equipment (chiller
> and water pumps) operate continuously from May through September. The
> hot water pump operates continuously from October through April. The
> air handler fans operate continuously year-round. There is some
> operation of the cooling system and heating system during off-seasons.
> Because their operation is not easily characterized during the
> off-season, no estimation of savings was made for these time periods.
> ABC Engineering realizes that it is forgoing some savings that could
> otherwise be claimed, but believes the M&V effort to characterize the
> operating hours are too expensive to justify.
>
> Table 4.1 Equipment Baseline Annual Operating Hours

  ------------------------------ ------------------------ ----------------
  **Equipment**                  **Operating period**     **Annual hours**

  Chiller                        Always on                8,760

  AHU-1 supply fan               Always on                8,760

  EX-1 exhaust fan               Always on                8,760

  CHWP-1 chilled water supply    On May -- September      3,672
  pump                                                    

  CWP-1 condenser water pump     On May -- September      3,672

  HWP-1 hot water supply pump    On October -- April      5,088
  ------------------------------ ------------------------ ----------------

Motor kW demand is assumed to remain constant for the duration of the
contract. However, spot kW measurements will be taken during the annual
inspections to ensure that equipment continues to operate similarly to
the baseline. The nameplate data of each motor was recorded, and the
power draw from each was measured on May 1, 2003 by ABC Engineering
staff, in the presence of Mr. Handy, the Federal Center Facility
Manager. These values are shown in the table below.

> Table 4.2 Equipment Nameplate Data and Measured Power Draw

  ---------------------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- ------------
  **Equipment**                **Nameplate   **Nominal   **Nominal   **Measured
                               data (HP)**   RPM**       voltage**   power draw
                                                                     (kW)**

  AHU-1 supply fan             75            1800        480         68.3

  EX-1 exhaust fan             50            1800        480         48.7

  CHWP-1 chilled water supply  25            1800        480         27.4
  pump                                                               

  CWP-1 condenser water pump   25            1800        480         27.4

  HWP-1 hot water supply pump  25            1800        480         26.7
  ---------------------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- ------------

When the EMCS is operational, it is expected to turn off HVAC equipment
between 7 pm and 7 am every day of the year, instead of letting it run
constantly. Annual operating hours expected with the EMCS are listed in
the table below.

> Table 4.3 Expected Equipment Annual Operating Hours with EMCS
> Installed

+------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| **Equipment**                | **Operating period**  | **Annual      |
|                              |                       | hours**       |
+------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| Chiller                      | 7 am to 7 pm          | 4,380         |
|                              |                       |               |
|                              | all year              |               |
+------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| AHU-1 supply fan             | "                     | 4,380         |
+------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| EX-1 exhaust fan             | "                     | 4,380         |
+------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| CHWP-1 chilled water supply  | 7 am to 7 pm          | 1,836         |
| pump                         |                       |               |
|                              | May - September       |               |
+------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| CWP-1 condenser water pump   | "                     | 1,836         |
+------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| HWP-1 hot water supply pump  | 7 am to 7 pm          | 2,544         |
|                              |                       |               |
|                              | October -- April      |               |
+------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+

> [The chiller off-time resulting from the EMCS is considered
> separately, since although the equipment is always enabled, it does
> not run continuously, nor at a constant load. The off-hour savings for
> the chiller due to the EMCS will be based on the average measured load
> during unoccupied hours during chiller baseline measurements, and the
> predicted performance of the new chiller, as determined in Section 3.1
> of this report.]{.mark}

The run-time data recorded by the EMCS equipment will be analyzed and
summarized upon receipt on a bi-monthly basis. For each motor, during
its operation period (Table 4.1), the total number of operating hours
will be determined by summing the ON/OFF status data collected for each
motor and multiplying by the data interval (15 minutes).

> Annually, the following equations will be used to calculate the energy
> savings resulting from the EMCS installation for each piece of
> equipment listed in Table 4.1.
>
> Annual kWh~saved\ motor\ i~ = kW~baseline\ motor\ i~ × (Op.
> Hours~baseline\ motor\ i~ -- Op. Hours~measured\ motor\ i~ )
>
> Total Annual kWh~saved~ = Annual kWh~saved\ chiller~ + Annual
> kWh~saved~ ~AHU1~+ Annual kWh~saved~ ~EX-1~ + Annual kWh~saved~
> ~CHWP-1~ + Annual kWh~saved\ CWP-1~ + Annual kWh~saved~ ~HWP-1~
>
> Cost savings will be determined using energy rates detailed in Table
> 1.3 of this report.

2.  Spreadsheet savings calculations for the EMCS are given in the
    Appendix. Energy savings are due to turning off the chiller, chilled
    water and condenser water pumps, air handler and exhaust air fans,
    and the hot water pump at night. No demand savings are reported,
    since equipment runs normally during the daytime, as it did without
    the EMCS. Since hot water is delivered to the building from a
    central boiler plant serving multiple buildings, no natural gas
    savings is credited directly to this building.

## 4.2 EMCS Installation Verification

### 4.2.1 The EMCS system has been installed as specified, and was rendered operational on January 15, 2005. Rudy Engineer of ABC Engineering verified the EMCS installation and correct operation on January 20, 2005, and was accompanied by Ted Bureaucrat of the Piscataway Federal Center. 

### 4.2.2 The EMCS system appears to be working as proposed, shutting HVAC equipment down between 7 pm and 7 am, and running equipment from 7 am to 7 pm. At this time, there are no changes to savings estimates made in the final proposal. 

### 4.2.3 No savings were accrued during the construction period for the EMCS measure. 

### 4.2.4 Since no savings are accrued during construction, no savings calculations need to be presented here. 

Table 4.4 Impact to Energy and Cost Savings from Changes between Final
Proposal and As-Built Conditions for EMCS ECM

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Total energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy savings (kWh/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand savings* (kW/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas savings (MBtu/yr)**</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water savings (gallons/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy savings (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy-related O&amp;M cost savings, Year 1
($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total cost savings, Year 1 ($/yr)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Proposed</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>3,069</td>
<td>899,252</td>
<td>$47,211</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$47,211</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><blockquote>
<p>Expected</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td>3,069</td>
<td>899,252</td>
<td>$47,211</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$47,211</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><blockquote>
<p><strong>Variance</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
<td><strong>--</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><p><u>Notes</u></p>
<p>MBtu = 10<sup>6</sup> Btu.</p>
<p>*Annual electric demand savings (kW/yr) is the sum of the monthly
demand savings.</p>
<p>If energy is reported in units other than MBtu, provide a conversion
factor to MBtu for link to delivery order schedules (e.g. 0.003413
MBtu/kWh).</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Note: Expected savings are a prediction for the first year, based on
post-installation M&V activities. Verified savings for the first year of
the performance period will be documented in the Annual Report. The
proposed savings for each ECM are included in Schedule DO-4 of the
Delivery Order.

## 4.3 Post-Installation M&V Activities Conducted

### 4.3.1 The post-installation inspection took place on January 20, 2005. At that time, the EMCS installation and correct operation were verified. Control logic was reviewed, and equipment shut-down at 7 pm was witnessed. 

### 4.3.2 No measurements were made during the inspection, so no measurement equipment was calibrated. 

### 4.3.3 On January 20, 2004, Rudy Engineer of ABC Engineering inspected the EMCS system together with Ted Bureaucrat of the Piscataway Federal Center. System operation was observed between 3 pm and 8 pm that day. 

### 4.3.4 The EMCS and all the equipment it controls were checked to ensure correct operation. A commissioning report was completed separately. 

### 4.3.5 The Appendix contains notes taken during the post-installation inspection. 

### 4.3.6 The EMCS has been correctly installed and is turning off all equipment at night, exactly as detailed in the final proposal. 

### 4.3.7 No performance deficiencies must be addressed at this time. 

### 4.3.8 Since there are no performance deficiencies, the expected savings remain the same as estimated in the final proposal. 

## 4.4 Expected Savings Calculations and Methodology

### 4.4.1 Estimations of energy savings from the EMCS installation are described in Section 4.1.1 and 4.1.3 of this report. 

### 4.4.2 Assumptions and characteristics of equipment used to calculate EMCS energy savings are included in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.3 of this report. 

### 4.4.3 Equations and technical details of the energy savings calculations are included in Sections 4.1.3 and the Appendix of this report. 

### No adjustments were made to the baseline or energy savings calculations.

### Costs of electrical energy use are assumed to be \$0.0525 per kWh, as in Table 1.3

### Expected energy savings for the first year of EMCS operation are listed in Table 4.5. 

## 4.5 Details of O&M and Other Savings 

### 4.5.1 No O&M savings are expected from the installation of the EMCS. 

### 4.5.2 No other savings are expected from the installation of the EMCS. 

Table 4.5 Expected Year 1 Savings for EMCS ECM

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><strong>Total energy use (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy use (kWh/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric energy cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand* (kW/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electric demand cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas use<br />
(MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Natural gas cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water use (gallons/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Water cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy use (MBtu/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy cost ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Other energy-related O&amp;M costs ($/yr)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Total costs ($/yr)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Baseline use</td>
<td>8,065</td>
<td>2,362,998</td>
<td>$124,058</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$124,058</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Post-installation use</td>
<td>4,996</td>
<td>1,463,746</td>
<td>$76,847</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$0</td>
<td>$76,847</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Savings</strong></td>
<td><strong>3,069</strong></td>
<td><strong>899,252</strong></td>
<td><strong>$47,211</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$0</strong></td>
<td><strong>$47,211</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="14"><p><u>Notes</u></p>
<p>MBtu = 10<sup>6</sup> Btu.</p>
<p>*Annual electric demand savings (kW/yr) is the sum of the monthly
demand savings.</p>
<p>If energy is reported in units other than MBtu, provide a conversion
factor to MBtu for link to delivery order schedules (e.g. 0.003413
MBtu/kWh).</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

[^1]: FEMP M&V Guideline V 2.2 available at
    [http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/financing/superespcs_mvresources.cfm](http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/financing/measguide.html)

[^2]: Post-Installation Report Outline for FEMP Super ESPC projects is
    available at
    <http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/financing/superespcs_mvresources.cfm>

[^3]: The lighting table may be found at:
    [www.txu.com/teem/static/custom/wtable.htm](http://www.txu.com/teem/static/custom/wtable.htm)

[^4]: Scheaffer, R., Menenhall, W., Ott, L., *Elementary Survey
    Sampling*, 4th ed. 1990,PWS-KENT, Boston, MA.

[^5]: The lighting table may be found at:
    [www.txu.com/teem/static/custom/wtable.htm](http://www.txu.com/teem/static/custom/wtable.htm)

[^6]: See Attachment 4.