[^1]

*Abstract*\-- This document can be used to create your IEEE Fusion
Symposium paper. Use this document as a template if you are using
Microsoft *Word* 6.0 or later. Just cut & paste your text into the
appropriate columns.

You are required to submit three print-ready copies along with an
electronic copy (Word or PDF format only, on disk, CD-ROM or Zip media).
Please name the file as: "paper number_Author". Please include the
primary author's name and paper number on all submitted media. The
following limits apply: Contributed papers - four 8 ½ x 11" pages;
Invited papers - six 8 ½ x 11" pages; There will be a \$200 charge for
each page over the limit. You must submit your completed copyright forms
with the paper for it to be published. Copyright forms are available on
the web site. Papers are to be submitted to the SOFE office by 5 PM,
Thursday, October 4.

# INTRODUCTION

[This]{.smallcaps} document is a template for Microsoft *Word* versions
6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper version of this document,
please download the electronic file, TEMPLATE.DOC, from
http://www.pppl.gov/sofe01 so you can use it to prepare your manuscript.

When you open TEMPLATE.DOC, select \"Print Layout\" from the \"View\"
menu in the menu bar (View \| Page Layout), which allows you to see the
footnotes. Then type over sections of TEMPLATE.DOC or cut from another
document and paste and then use markup styles. The pull-down style menu
is at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your *Word*
window (for example, the style at this point in the document is
\"Text\"). Highlight a section that you want to designate with a certain
style, and then select the appropriate name on the style menu. The style
will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not change the font sizes or
line spacing to squeeze more text into a limited number of pages.

## Copyright Form

An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final submission. You can
get one at http://www.ieee.org/about/
documentation/copyright/cfrmlink.htm*.*

# Helpful Hints

## Figures and Tables

Large figures and tables may span both columns. Place figure captions
below the figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure
has two parts, for example, include the labels \"(a)\" and \"(b)\" as
part of the artwork. Please verify that figures and tables that you
mention in the text actually exist.

Use the abbreviation \"Fig.\" even at the beginning of a sentence. Do
not abbreviate \"Table.\" Tables are numbered with Roman numerals.

**(EXAMPLE TABLE)**

TABLE I

Units for Magnetic Properties

![](media/image1.png){width="3.4430555555555555in"
height="3.4381944444444446in"}

No vertical lines in table. Statements that serve as captions for the
entire table do not need footnote letters. This table was originally
created in *Word*, displayed full screen, and copied to the Windows
clipboard by pressing \"Print Screen\" on the keyboard. In Microsoft
*Photo Editor,* the contents of the clipboard were pasted as a new
image. The table image was then cropped, converted to monochrome and 600
dpi resolution, and resized to 3.45 inch width. It was then saved as
file TABLE1.TIF with no compression. The image file was inserted into
this *Word* document.

Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words rather
than symbols. As an example, write the quantity \"Magnetization,\" or
\"Magnetization, *M*,\" not just \"*M*.\" Put units in parentheses. Do
not label axes only with units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write
\"Magnetization (A/m)\" or \"Magnetization (A$$m${}^{- 1}$),\" not just
\"A/m.\" Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For
example, write \"Temperature (K),\" not \"Temperature/K.\"

Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write \"Magnetization (kA/m)\"
or \"Magnetization (![](media/image2.wmf)A/m).\" Figure labels should be
legible, approximately 8 to 10 point type.

**(EXAMPLE GRAPH)**

![](media/image3.png){width="3.45in" height="2.6180555555555554in"}

Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that \"Fig.\"
is abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by
two spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the
figure in the caption. This figure was originally created in a graphics
program, *SigmaPlot.* The graph was selected and exported as type TIFF
at 600 dpi monochrome. It was then opened in *Photoshop,* cropped to
remove the white border, converted from \"Indexed Color\" to
\"Grayscale\" and then to \"Bitmap,\" resized to 3.45 inch width (while
maintaining proportions), and saved as file FIG1.TIF with no
compression. The image file was then inserted into this *Word* document.

## References

Number citations consecutively in square brackets \[1\]. The sentence
punctuation follows the brackets \[2\]. Multiple references \[2\], \[3\]
are each numbered with separate brackets \[1\]-\[3\]. When citing a
section in a book, please give the relevant page numbers \[2\]. In
sentences, refer simply to the reference number, as in \[3\]. Do not use
\"Ref. \[3\]\" or \"reference \[3\]\" except at the beginning of a
sentence: \"Reference \[3\] shows \... .\" Number footnotes separately
in superscripts (Insert \| Footnote).[^2] Place the actual footnote at
the bottom of the column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in
the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see
Table I).

Give all authors\' names; do not use \"et al.\" unless there are six
authors or more. Use a space after authors\' initials. Papers that have
not been published should be cited as \"unpublished\" \[4\]. Papers that
have been submitted or accepted for publication should be cited as
\"submitted for publication\" \[5\]. Please give affiliations and
addresses for personal communications \[6\].

Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns
and element symbols. If you are short of space, you may omit paper
titles. However, paper titles are helpful to your readers and are
strongly recommended. For papers published in translation journals, give
the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language
citation \[7\].

## Abbreviations and Acronyms

Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the
text, even after they have already been defined in the abstract.
Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not have to be defined.
Abbreviations that incorporate periods should not have spaces: write
\"C.N.R.S.,\" not \"C. N. R. S.\" Do not use abbreviations in the title
unless they are unavoidable (for example, \"IEEE\" in the title of this
article).

## Equations

Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in parentheses
flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the equation editor to
create the equation. Then select the \"Equation\" markup style. Press
the tab key and write the equation number in parentheses. To make your
equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function,
or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in
denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a sentence, as
in

$\begin{array}{r}
\int_{}^{}{\ F(r,\phi)}\ \text{dr}\ d\phi = \lbrack{\sigma r}_{2}\ (2\mu_{0})\rbrack\  \\
\  \cdot \ \int_{}^{}{\ \text{exp}}( - \lambda|z_{j} - z_{i}|\ )\ \lambda^{- 1}\ J_{1}(\lambda\ r_{2})\ J_{0}(\lambda\ r_{i})\ d\lambda\ \text{.}
\end{array}$ (1)

Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before the
equation appears or immediately following. Italicize symbols ($T$might
refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to \"(1),\" not
\"Eq. (1)\" or \"equation (1),\" except at the beginning of a sentence:
\"Equation (1) is \... .\"

## Other Recommendations

Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex modifiers:
\"zero-field-cooled magnetization.\" Avoid dangling participles, such
as, \"Using (1), the potential was calculated.\" \[It is not clear who
or what used (1).\] Write instead, \"The potential was calculated by
using (1),\" or \"Using (1), we calculated the potential.\"

Use a zero before decimal points: \"0.25,\" not \".25.\" Use
\"cm${}^{3}$,\" not \"cc.\" Indicate sample dimensions as \"0.1 cm $$
0.2 cm,\" not \"0.1$$`<!-- -->`{=html}0.2 cm${}^{2}$.\" The abbreviation
for \"seconds\" is \"s,\" not \"sec.\" Do not mix complete spellings and
abbreviations of units: use \"Wb/m${}^{2}$\" or \"webers per square
meter,\" not \"webers/m${}^{2}$.\" When expressing a range of values,
write \"7 to 9\" or \"7-9,\" not "7\~9."

A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside
of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is
punctuated within the parentheses.) In American English, periods and
commas are within quotation marks, like \"this period.\" Other
punctuation is \"outside\"!

If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or plural and
use the active voice (\"I observed that \...\" or \"We observed that
\...\" instead of \"It was observed that \...\"). Remember to check
spelling. If your native language is not English, please get a native
English-speaking colleague to proofread your paper.

# Acknowledgment {#acknowledgment .Reference-Head}

The preferred spelling of the word \"acknowledgment\" in American
English is without an \"e\" after the \"g.\" Use the singular heading
even if you have many acknowledgments. Avoid the expression, \"One of us
(S.B.A.) thanks\....\" Instead, write \"S.B.A. thanks\....\" Put sponsor
acknowledgments in the unnumbered footnote on the first page.

# Example References {#example-references .Reference-Head}

1.  G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, \"On certain integrals of
    Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions*,\"
    Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.* London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, Apr. 1955.

2.  J. Clerk Maxwell, *A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism,* 3rd
    ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp. 68-73.

3.  I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, \"Fine particles, thin films and
    exchange anisotropy,\" in *Magnetism,* vol. III, G. T. Rado and H.
    Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350.

4.  K. Elissa, \"Title of paper,\" unpublished.

5.  R. Nicole, \"Title of paper with only first word capitalized,\" *J.
    Name Stand. Abbrev.,* submitted for publication.

6.  C. J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO,
    personal communication, 1992.

7.  Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, \"Electron spectroscopy
    studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,\"
    *IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Jpn.,* vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987
    \[*Dig. 9th Annual Conf. Magn. Jpn.,* p. 301, 1982\].

8.  M. Young, *The Technical Writer\'s Handbook.* Mill Valley, CA:
    University Science, 1989.

[^1]: ^^

[^2]: It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the
    unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page).
    Instead, try to integrate the footnote information into the text.