June 2007

## CURRICULUM VITAE

[Name]{.underline}: Howard A. Young

[Date and Place of Birth]{.underline}: January 29, 1948; Ossining, NY

[Citizenship]{.underline}: United States

[Marital Status]{.underline}: Married; 1 child

[Education]{.underline}:

> 1969 B.S. (Microbiology), magna cum laude, University of
> Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
>
> 1971 M.S. (Microbiology), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
>
> 1974 Ph.D. (Microbiology), University of Washington, Seattle, WA

[Brief Chronology of Employment]{.underline}:

1969. Laboratory Assistant, Department of Microbiology

> University of Massachusetts

Amherst, MA

1970. Teaching Assistant, Department of Microbiology

> University of Washington
>
> Seattle, WA

1971. Pre-Doctoral Trainee, Developmental Biology

> University of Washington
>
> Seattle, WA
>
> 1971-1974 Pre-Doctoral Trainee, NIH
>
> University of Washington
>
> Seattle, WA
>
> 1974-1976 Post-Doctoral Fellow, American Cancer Society
>
> Laboratory of Tumor Virus Genetics, National Cancer Institute
>
> Bethesda, MD

1977. Staff Fellow, Laboratory of Tumor Virus Genetics

National Cancer Institute

> Bethesda, MD

1979. Senior Staff Fellow, Laboratory of Tumor Virus Genetics

> National Cancer Institute
>
> Bethesda, MD
>
> 1979-1981 Senior Research Scientist, Molecular Biology of Retroviruses
> Section
>
> Biological Carcinogenesis Program, Frederick Cancer Research Center,
> Frederick, MD

1983. Director, Technical Services

Research Products Division,

> Bethesda Research Laboratories
>
> Gaithersburg, MD
>
> 1983-1988 Expert, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation
>
> Biological Response Modifiers Program
>
> National Cancer Institute
>
> Frederick, MD
>
> 1988-1989 Senior Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular
> Immunoregulation
>
> Biological Response Modifiers Program, National Cancer Institute
>
> Frederick, MD
>
> 1989-Date Head, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Section
>
> Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research,
>
> National Cancer Institute
>
> Frederick, MD

[Societies]{.underline}:

American Society for Microbiology

International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research

American Association of Immunologists

American Association for the Advancement of Science

DNA Methylation Society

American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

American Academy of Microbiology

Society for Leukocyte Biology

[Member - Editorial Boards]{.underline}

Journal of Immunology (1997-2001)

Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research

Journal of Biological Chemistry (1996-2001), (Reappointed 2002-2007)

Genes and Immunity

> Editor-in-Chief: Newsletter, International Society for Interferon &
> Cytokine Research
>
> Ad hoc Reviewer, Blood, Cancer Research, Immunity, Cellular
> Immunology, Cytokine, Journal of Immunology, International Immunology,
> Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Proc National Academy Science USA,
> Journal of Clinical Investigation, Molecular & Cellular Biology

[Honors & Other Special Scientific Recognition]{.underline}:

Phi Eta Sigma

Phi Kappa Phi

Phi Beta Kappa

National Institutes of Health Pre-Doctoral Fellowship

American Cancer Society Post-Doctoral Fellowship

NIH Merit Award (two time recipient)

NIH Quality Step Increase

NIH Technology Transfer Award (6 times recipient)

International Council- International Society for Interferon & Cytokine

Research (1996-2000)

NCI Quality of Work Life Award (1998)

> 1^st^ Recipient - National Cancer Institute - NIH Director's Award for
> Mentoring (2000)
>
> Elected into Fellowship in the American Academy of Microbiology (2000)

Vice President - International Society for Interferon & Cytokine
Research (2002, 2003)

Phillipe Foundation Fellowship (Summer 2003)

Recipient -- International Union Against Cancer Yamagiwa-Yoshida
Memorial

International Cancer Study Grant (June-August 2003)

Prix de l'Avenir from the Association Nouvelles Recherches Biomedicale

Vincre le Cancer (2003)

President - International Society for Interferon & Cytokine Research
(2004, 2005)

National Public Service Award (2006)

[Community Service]{.underline}

Member, NCI-Frederick Radiation Safety Oversight Committee (1989-2005)

Scientific Advisor, NCI-Frederick Werner Kirsten Student Intern Program
(1990-2003)

Member, NIH Scientific Ethics and Conduct Committee (1995-2005)

NCI Intramural Advisory Board (1995-1996)

Chair, Immunology Division, American Society for Microbiology
(1996-1997)

Organizer & Moderator, NCI-Frederick-USAMRIID Summer Student Seminar

Series (1997-Present)

Chair, NIH Cytokine Interest Group (1997, 2001)

> Alternate Councilor, Immunology Division, American Society for
> Microbiology
>
> (2001-2002)

Member, NIH Immunology Interest Group Steering Committee (2002-2003)

Member, American Academy of Microbiology Distinguished Service Award

Committee (2002-2004)

Co-Chair, NIH Immunology Interest Group Steering Committee (2003)

NCI ICRC Applicant Selection Committee (2003-2005)

> Councilor, Immunology Division, American Society for Microbiology
> (2004-2005)

Chair, NCI Staff Scientist Evaluation Committee (2005)

Elected Member, NIH Assembly of Scientists (2005)

Committee Member, NCI-Frederick Cafeteria Oversight Committee (term
ended 2005)

Committee Member, NCI-Frederick Conference Center Oversight Committee

(term ended 2005)

Member, Ft. Detrick Infectious Disease Forum (2005)

Former Member, NCI-Frederick Employee Diversity Committee

Founder & Former Chair (5 years), NCI-Frederick -- Ft. Detrick Spring
Research Festival

Member, NCI-Frederick Contractor Evaluation Committee (2005-present)

Ad hoc Reviewer, NIAID Study Section

Facilitator, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology Yearly Scientific
Ethics

Discussion Meeting

[Present Address]{.underline}: 14520 Stonebridge View Drive

> North Potomac, MD 20878
>
> 301-762-4489

[BIBLIOGRAPHY]{.underline}

1.  Young, H.A. and Whitely, H.R.: DNA-dependent RNA polymerases in the
    dimorphic fungus [Mucor]{.underline} [rouxii]{.underline}. [J. Biol.
    Chem]{.underline}. 250: 479-487, 1975.

2.  Young, H.A. and Whitely, H.R.: Changes in the levels of
    DNA-dependent RNA polymerases during the transition of the dimorphic
    fungus [Mucor]{.underline} [rouxii]{.underline} from yeast-like to
    mycelial growth. [Exp. Cell Res]{.underline}. 91: 216-222, 1975.

3.  Young, H.A., Scolnick, E.M., and Parks, W.P.:
    Glucocorticoid-receptor interaction and induction of murine mammary
    tumor virus. [J. Biol. Chem]{.underline}. 250: 3337-3343, 1975.

4.  Parks, W.P., Ransom, J.C., Young, H.A., and Scolnick, E.M.: Mammary
    tumor virus induction by glucocorticoids. [J. Biol.
    Chem]{.underline}. 250: 3330-3336, 1975.

5.  Young, H.A., Parks, W.P., and Scolnick, E.M.: Effect of chemical
    in-activating agents on glucocorticoid receptor proteins in mouse
    and hamster cells. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA]{.underline} 72:
    3060-3064, 1975.

6.  Parks, W.P., Young, H.A., and Scolnick, E.M.: Biochemical and
    physiological mechanisms in glucocorticoid hormone induction of
    mouse mammary tumor virus. [Virology]{.underline} 69: 148-156, 1975.

7.  Young, H.A., Shih, T.Y., Scolnick, E.M., and Parks, W.P.: Steroid
    induction of mouse mammary tumor virus: Effect upon synthesis and
    degradation of viral RNA. [J. Virol]{.underline}. 21: 139-146, 1977.

8.  Shih, T.Y., Young, H.A., Parks, W.P., and Scolnick, E.M.:
    [In]{.underline} [vitro]{.underline} transcription of Moloney
    leukemia virus genes in infected cell nuclei and chromatin:
    Elongation of chromatin associated ribonucleic acid by
    [E]{.underline}. [coli]{.underline} ribonucleic acid polymerase.
    [Biochemistry]{.underline} 16: 1795-1801, 1977.

9.  Troxler, H.H., Lowy, D., Howk, R., Young, H.A., and Scolnick, E.M.:
    Evidence that the xenotropic viral genetic sequences in the Friend
    strain of spleen focus-forming virus were derived from the ENV gene
    of xenotropic MuLV: Possible identification of the transforming gene
    products of type C viruses as glycoproteins. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
    USA]{.underline} 74: 4671-4675, 1977.

10. Shih, T.Y., Young, H.A., Coffin, J.M., and Scolnick, E.M.: A
    physical map of the Kirsten sarcoma virus genome as determined by
    fingerprinting RNAse T1-resistant oligonucleotides. [J.
    Virol]{.underline}. 25: 238-252, 1978.

11. Taylor, J.M., Illmensee, R., and Young, H.A.: [In]{.underline}
    [vitro]{.underline} transcription of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA
    into DNA. [J. Virol]{.underline}. 25: 693-694, 1978.

12. Parks, W.P., Young, H.A., and Scolnick, E.M.: Eukaryotic gene
    regulation studies with mouse mammary tumor virus in tissue culture.
    [Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr]{.underline}. 48: 15-218, 1978.

13. Scolnick, E.M., Shih, T.Y., Troxler, D.H., Howk, R.S., and Young,
    H.A.: The origin, physical map, and coding properties of the Kirsten
    murine sarcoma virus and the Friend strain of spleen focus-forming
    virus. In: [Differentiation of Normal and Neoplastic Hematopoietic
    Cells]{.underline}, Clarkson, B., Marks, P. A., and Till, J. E.
    (Eds), New York, Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1978, Book B, pp.
    535-552.

14. Young, H.A., Wenk, M.L., Goodman, D.G., and Scolnick, E.M.:
    Expression of RNA of an endogenous replication-defective retrovirus
    in DMBA-induced rat mammary adenocarcinomas. [J. Natl. Cancer
    Inst]{.underline}. 61: 1329-1337, 1978.

15. Shih, T.Y., Weeks, M.O., Young, H.A., and Scolnick, E.M.:
    Identification of a sarcoma virus coded phosphoprotein in
    nonproducer cell transformed by Kirsten or Harvey murine sarcoma
    virus. [Virology]{.underline} 96: 64-79, 1979.

16. Young, H.A., Shih, T.Y., Scolnick, E.M., Rasheed, S., and Gardner,
    M.B.: Different rat-derived transforming retroviruses code for an
    immunologically related intracellular phosphoprotein. [Proc. Natl.
    Acad. Sci. USA]{.underline} 76: 3523-3527, 1979.

17. Shih, T.Y., Weeks, M.O., Young, H.A., and Scolnick, E.M.: The p21 of
    Kirsten murine sarcoma virus is thermolabile in a viral mutant
    temperature sensitive for the maintenance of transformation. [J.
    Virol]{.underline}. 31: 546-556, 1979.

18. Rasheed, S., Young, H.A., and Gardner, M.B.: Inhibition of
    spontaneous transformation of rat embryo cells releasing endogenous
    type C virus by virus-specific antiserum. [J. Natl. Cancer
    Inst]{.underline}. 63: 745-750, 1979.

19. Young, H.A. and Hager, G.: Glucocorticoids and mouse mammary tumor
    virus. In: [Steroids and the Management of Cancer]{.underline},
    Thompson, E. B. and Lippman M. (Eds), Florida, CRC Press, 1979, pp.
    45-58.

20. Young, H.A., Scolnick, E.M., Wenk, M.L., and Goodman, D.G.:
    Retrovirus RNA expression in DMBA-induced rat mammary
    adenocarcinomas. In [Breast Cancer: New Concepts in Etiology and
    Control]{.underline}, Brennan, M. J., McGrath, C. M., and
    Rich, M. A. (Eds), New York, Academic Press, 1980, pp. 269-293.

21. Young, H.A., Gonda, M.A., DeFeo, D., Ellis, R.W., Nagashima, K., and
    Scolnick, E.M.: Heteroduplex analysis of cloned rat endogenous
    replication defective (30S) retrovirus and Harvey murine sarcoma
    virus. [Virology]{.underline} 107: 89-99, 1980.

22. Ellis, R.W., DeFeo, D., Maryak, J.M., Young, H.A., Shih, E. H.,
    Chang, E.H., Lowy, D. R., and Scolnick, E.M.: Dual evolutionary
    origin for the rat genetic sequences of Harvey murine sarcoma virus.
    [J. Virol]{.underline}. 36: 408-420, 1980.

23. Young, H.A., Rasheed, S., Sowder, R., Benton, C.V., and Henderson, L
    E.: Rat sarcoma virus. Further analysis of individual viral isolates
    and the gene product. [J. Virol]{.underline}. 38: 286-293, 1981.

24. DeFeo, D., Gonda, M.A., Young, H.A., Chang, E.H., Lowy, D.R.,
    Scolnick, E.M., and Ellis, R.W.: Analysis of two divergent rat
    genomic clones homologous to the transforming genes of Harvey murine
    sarcoma virus. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA]{.underline} 292:
    506-511, 1981.

25. Ellis, R.W., DeFeo, D., Shih, T.Y., Gonda, M.A., Young, H A.,
    Tsuchida, N., Lowy, D.R., and Scolnick, E.M.: The p21 src genes of
    Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses originate from divergent members
    of a family of normal vertebrate genes. [Nature]{.underline} 292:
    506-511, 1981.

26. Gilden, R.V., Oroszlan, S., Young, J.A., Rice, N.R., Gonda, M.A.,
    Cohen, M., and Rein, A.R.: Genetics of Retrovirus - Host
    Interactions. In: [Frontiers in Immunogenetics]{.underline},
    Hildemann, A. (Ed), Holland, Elsevier North, 1981, pp. 191-223.

27. Young, H.A.: Science, Industry and Public Accountability. [Genetic
    Engineering News]{.underline} 1: 4, 1981.

28. Rasheed, S. and Young, H.A.: Induction of fibrosarcoma by rat
    sarcoma virus. [Virology]{.underline} 118: 219-224, 1982.

29. Gilden, R.V. and Young, H.A.: A molecular approach to studies of
    chemical carcinogen-virus interaction. In: [Biological
    Carcinogenesis]{.underline}, : Rich, M.A. and Furmanski, P. (Eds),
    New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1982, pp. 183-190.

30. Gonda, M.A., Young, H.A., Elser, J.E., Rasheed, S., Talmadge, C.B.,
    Nagashima, K., Li, C.C., and Gilden, R.V.: Molecular cloning,
    genomic analysis and biological properties of rat leukemia virus and
    the [onc]{.underline} sequences of Rasheed rat sarcoma virus. [J.
    Virol]{.underline}. 44: 520-529, 1982.

31. Farrar, W.L., Ruscetti, F.W., and Young, H.A.: 5-azacytidine
    treatment of a murine cytotoxic T cell line alters gamma interferon
    gene induction by interleukin 2. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 138:
    1551-1554, 1985.

32. Reynolds, C.W., Bonyhadi, M., Herberman, R.., Young, H.A., and
    Hedrick, S.M.: Lack of gene rearrangement and mRNA expression of the
    beta chain of the T cell receptor in spontaneous rat large granular
    lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia lines. [J. Exp. Med]{.underline}. 161:
    1249-1254, 1985.

33. Young, H.A. and Farrar, W.: 5-azacytidine treatment of murine
    cytotoxic T cells alters induction of gamma interferon by
    interleukin 2. In: [Advances in Gene Technology: Molecular Biology
    of the Immune System, Vol. 2]{.underline}, Streilein, J. W., et al.
    (Eds), New York, Academic Press, 1985, pp. 349-350.

34. Farrar, W.L., Evans, S.W., Ruscetti, F.W., Bonvini, E., Young, H.A.,
    and Birchenell-Sparks, M.C.: Biochemical mechanism(s) of interleukin
    2 regulation of lymphocyte growth. In: [Progress in Leukocyte
    Biology, Vol. 5]{.underline}. [Leukocytes and Host
    Defense]{.underline}, Oppenheim, J. J. and Jacobs, D. M. (Eds), New
    York, Alan R. Liss, 1986, pp. 75-82.

35. Kovacs, E.J., Young, H.A., Ruscetti, F.W., Farrar, W.L., and
    Birchenell-Sparks, M.C.: Expression of cellular proto-oncogenes
    after IL 2 treatment of IL 2 independent T cells. In: [Advances in
    Gene Technology, Vol. 4. Molecular Biology of the Endocrine
    System]{.underline}, Puett, D., et al. (Eds), New York, Academic
    Press, 1986, pp. 124-125.

36. Young, H.A., Ortaldo, J.R., Herberman, R.B., and Reynolds, C.W.:
    Analysis of T cell receptors in highly purified rat and human large
    granular lymphocytes (LGL): Lack of functional 1.3 kb B-chain mRNA.
    [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 136: 2701-2704, 1986.

37. Young, H.A., Varesio, L. and Hwu, P.: Expression of transfected
    human gamma interferon genomic DNA in mouse fibroblasts. In:
    [Advances in Gene Technology, Vol. 4. Molecular Biology of the
    Endocrine System]{.underline}, Puett, D., et al. (Eds), New York,
    Academic Press, 1986, pp. 394‑395.

38. Kovacs, E.J., Hartman,A., Young, H.A. and Kelley, J.: Induction of
    cellular proto‑oncogene expression by macrophage derived growth
    factor. In: [Biological Regulation of Cell
    Proliferation]{.underline}, Baserga, R., Foa, P., Metcalf, D., and
    Polli, E.E. (Eds), New York, Raven Press, 1986, pp. 307‑310.

39. Matsushima, K., Taguchi, M., Kovacs, E.J., Young, H.A., and
    Oppenheim, J.J.: Intracellular localization of human monocyte
    associated interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity and release of biologically
    active IL 1 from monocytes by trypsin and plasmin. [J.
    Immunol]{.underline}. 136: 2883-2891, 1986.

40. Young, H.A., Dray, J.R., and Farrar, W.L.: Expression of transfected
    human interferon gamma DNA: Evidence for cell specific regulation.
    [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 136: 4700-4703, 1986.

41. Young, H.A., Varesio, L., and Hwu, P.: Posttranscriptional control
    of transfected human interferon gamma gene expression in transfected
    mouse fibroblasts. [Mol. Cell. Biol]{.underline}. 6: 2253-2256,
    1986.

42. Young, H.A., Klein, R.A., Shih, T.Y., Morgan, Jr., A.C., and
    Schroff, R.W.: Detection of the intracellular ras p21 oncogene
    product by flow cytometry. [Anal. Biochem]{.underline}. 156: 67-71,
    1986.

43. Kovacs, E.J., Oppenheim, J.J., and Young, H.A.: Induction of c-fos
    and c-myc expression in T lymphocytes by recombinant IL 1-alpha. [J.
    Immunol]{.underline}. 137: 3649-3651, 1986.

44. Farrar, W.L., Birchenell-Sparks, M.C., and Young, H.A.: Interleukin
    2 induction of gamma interferon mRNA synthesis. [J.
    Immunol]{.underline}. 137: 3836-3840, 1986.

45. Kovacs, E.J., Carter, D.J., Oppenheim, J.J., and Young, H.A.:
    Enhanced interleukin 1 production by human monocyte cell lines
    following treatment with 5-azacytidine. [J. Leukocyte
    Biol]{.underline}. 41: 40-46, 1987.

46. Brownell, E., Mathieson, B., Young, H.A., Keller, J., Ihle, J.N.,
    and Rice, N.R.: Detection of c-[rel]{.underline} related transcripts
    in mouse hematopoietic tissues, fractionated lymphocyte populations,
    and cell lines. [Mol. Cell. Biol]{.underline}. 7: 1304-1309, 1987.

47. Sakomoto, S., Ortaldo, J.R., and Young, H.A.: Methylation patterns
    of the T cell receptor beta chain gene in T cells, LGL, B cells and
    monocytes. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 140: 654-666, 1987.

48. Young, H.A., and Ortaldo, J.R.: One signal requirement for
    interferon gamma production by human large granular lymphocytes. [J.
    Immunol]{.underline}. 139: 724-727, 1987.

49. Durum, S.K., Finnegan, A., Brody, D.T., Kovacs, E.J., Smith, M.R.,
    Berzofsky, J.A., Young, H.A., and Tartakovsky, B.: T cell
    interleukin-1. In: [Molecular Basis of Lymphokine
    Action]{.underline}, Webb, D.R., Pierce, C., and Cohen, S. (Eds),
    Humana Press, Inc., New Jersey, 1987, pp. 117-122.

50. Sanders, M.E., Makgoba, M.W., Sharrow, S.Q., Stephany, D., Springer,
    T.A., Young, H.A., and Shaw, S.: Human memory T lymphocytes express
    increased levels of three cell adhesion molecules (UCHL1, CDw29 and
    Pgp-1) and have enhanced gamma interferon production. [J.
    Immunol]{.underline}. 140: 1401-1407, 1988.

51. Young, H.A., Birchenall-Sparks, M.C., Kovacs, E.J., Dorman, L., and
    Ruscetti, F.W.: Characterization of interleukin-2 and phorbol
    myristate acetate augmentation of expression of transfected human
    interferon gamma genomic DNA. [J. Interferon Res.]{.underline} 8:
    527-538, 1988.

52. Sakamoto, S. and Young, H.A.: Modification of T cell receptor ß
    chain: The J2 region but not the J1 region of the T cell receptor ß
    chain gene is hypomethylated in human B cells and monocytes. [Nucl.
    Acids Res]{.underline}. 16: 2149-2163, 1988.

53. Garrity, R.R., Seed, J.L., Young, H.A., Winterstein, D., and
    Colburn, N.H.: Evidence that mouse promotion sensitivity gene
    [prol]{.underline} is transcribed by RNA polymerase III.
    [Gene]{.underline} 68: 3-72, 1988.

54. Takacs, L., Kovacs, E.J., Smith, M.R., Young, H.A. and Durum, S.K.:
    Detection of IL-1a and IL-1B gene expression by in situ
    hybridization. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 141: 3081-3095, 1988.

55. Kovacs, E.J., Radzioch, D., Young, H.A. and Varesio, L.: Control of
    LPS induced interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor mRNAs by
    inhibitors of second messenger pathways in murine macrophages. In:
    [Monokines and Other Non-Lymphocytic Cytokines]{.underline},
    Powanda, M.C., Oppenheim, J.J., Kluger, M.J. and Dinarello, C.A.
    (Eds), New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1988, pp. 55-60.

56. Takacs, L., Kovacs, E.J., Smith, M.R., Young, H.A. and Durum, S.K.:
    Detection of IL-1 gene expression by in situ hybridization
    histochemistry: Tissue localization of IL-1 mRNA in the normal
    C57BL/6 mouse. In: [Monokines and Other Non-Lymphocytic
    Cytokines]{.underline}, Powanda, M.C., Oppenheim, J.J., Kluger, M.J.
    and Dinarello, C.A. (Eds), New York, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1988, pp.
    89-93.

57. Hornung, R.L., Young, H.A., Urba, W.J. and Wiltrout, R.H.:
    Immunomodulation of natural killer cell activity by flavone acetic
    acid: occurrence via induction of interferon alpha/beta. [J. Natl.
    Cancer Inst.]{.underline} 80: 1226-1231, 1988.

58. Kovacs, E.J., Radzioch, D., Young, H.A. and Varesio, L.: Different
    biochemical pathways involved in the expression of interleukin-1
    (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNAs in murine macrophages.
    [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 141: 3101-3105, 1988.

59. Tartakovsky, B., Finnegan, A., Muegge, K., Brody, D.T., Kovacs,
    E.J., Smith, M.R., Berzofsky, J.A., Young, H.A. and Durum, S.K.:
    IL-1 is an autocrine growth factor for T cell clones. [J.
    Immunol.]{.underline} 141: 3863-3867, 1988.

60. Smith, M.R., Young, H.A., Kung, H-F. and Durum, S.K.: Intracellular
    activities of microinjected cytokines and lymphokines. In: [The
    Cellular Basis of Immune Modulation]{.underline}, Kaplan, J.G. (Ed),
    New York, Alan R. Liss, 1988, pp. 261-264.

61. Sakamoto, S., Ortaldo, J.R., and Young, H.A.: Methylation patterns
    of the T cell receptor β-chain gene in T cells, large granular
    lymphocytes, B cells, and monocytes. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 140:
    654-660, 1988.

62. Takacs, L., Kovacs, E.J., Smith, M.R., Young, H.A., Tartakovsky, B.,
    and Durum, S.K.: Detection of IL-1 in vivo: Visualization of IL-1
    mRNA in tissue sections by in situ hybridization. In: [The Control
    of Tissue Damage]{.underline}, Glavert, A.M. (Ed): New York, 1988,
    Elsevier, pp. 89.

63. Sanders, M.E., Makgoba, M.W., Sharrow, S.O., Stephany, D., Springer,
    T.A., Young, H.A. and Shaw, S.: Coordinate enhanced expression of
    three cell adhesion molecules (LFA‑2, CD2, LFA‑1) and three other
    molecules (UCHL1, CDw29 and Pgp‑1) defines a human T cell subset
    containing memory cells and characterized by enhanced gamma
    interferon production. In: [Immunobiology of HLA: Immunogenetics &
    Histocompatibility]{.underline}, Dupont, B. (Ed.), New York,
    Springer-Verlag,1989, 2: 560-562.

64. Sakamoto, S. Ortaldo, J.R. and Young, H.A.: Analysis of the
    methylation state of the T cell receptor beta chain gene in T cells
    and large granular lymphocytes. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 264:
    251-268, 1989.

65. Bhat, N.K., Komschlies, K.L., Fujiwara, S., Fisher, R.J., Mathieson,
    B.J., Gregorio, T.A., Young, H.A., Kasik, J.W., Ozato, K. and Papas,
    T.S.: Expression of [Ets]{.underline} genes in mouse thymocyte
    subsets and T cells. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 142: 672-678, 1989.

66. Kovacs, E.J., Beckner, S.K., Longo, D.L., Varesio, L. and Young,
    H.A.: Cytokine gene expression during the generation of human
    lymphokine activated killer cells: early induction of interleukin-1B
    by interleukin-2. [Cancer Res.]{.underline} 49: 940-944, 1989.

67. Ortaldo, J.R., Young, H.A. and Varesio, L.: Modulation of CD3- LGL
    functions by agonist and antagonists of PKC: effects on NK and LAK
    activity and production of IFN gamma. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 143:
    366-371, 1989.

68. Thompson, C.B., Lindsten, T., Ledbetter, J.A., Kunkel, S.L., Young,
    H.A., Emerson, S.G., Leiden, J.M. and June, C.H.: Activation of the
    CD28 pathway enhances the production of lymphokines/cytokines by
    normal human T cells. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA]{.underline} 86:
    1333-1337, 1989.

69. Sanders, M. E., Makagoba, M. W., June, C. H., Young, H. A. and Shaw,
    S.: Enhanced responsiveness of human memory T cells to CD2 and CD3
    receptor-mediated activation. [Eur. J. Immunol.]{.underline} 19:
    803-808, 1989.

70. Sakamoto, S., Mathieson, B.J., Komschlies, K.L., Bhat, N.K., and
    Young, H.A.: The methylation state of the T cell antigen receptor β
    chain gene in subpopulations of mouse thymocytes. [Eur. J.
    Immunol]{.underline}. 19: 873-879, 1989.

71. Young, H.A., Komschlies, K.L., Ciccarone, V., Beckwith, M.,
    Rosenberg, M., Jenkins, N.A., Copeland, N.G., and Durum, S.K.:
    Expression of human IFN-γ genomic DNA in transgenic mice. [J.
    Immunol]{.underline}. 143: 2389-2394, 1989.

72. Ishikawa, H., Shinkai, Y-I., Yagita, H., Yue, C.C., Henkart, P.A.,
    Sawada, S., Young, H.A., Reynolds, C.W., and Okumura, K.: Molecular
    cloning of rat cytolysin. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 143: 3069-3073,
    1989.

73. Muegge, K., Williams, T. M., Kant, J., Karin, M., Chiu, R., Schmidt,
    A., Siebenlist, U., Young, H. A. and Durum, S. K.: Interleukin-1
    costimulatory activity on the interleukin-2 promoter via AP-1.
    [Science]{.underline} 246: 249-251, 1989.

74. Beckwith, M., Moratz, C. M., Young, H. A. and Mathieson, B. J.:
    Analysis of isotypes with variants of a Qa-5 specific hybridoma. [J.
    Immunol. Methods]{.underline} 123: 249-257, 1989.

75. Sakamoto, S. Ortaldo, J.R. and Young, H.A.: Analysis of the
    methylation state of the T cell receptor beta chain and gamma chain
    genomic DNA in human large granular lymphocytes and T cells. In:
    [Natural Killer Cells and Host Defense]{.underline}, Ades, E.W. and
    Lopez, C. (Eds), Switzerland, Basel Karger, 1989, pp. 22-27.

76. Young, H.A., Beckwith, M., Scott, A.N., Hardy, K.J., and Ciccarone,
    V.C.: Role of genomic DNA sequences in the control of
    interferon-gamma gene expression. In: [The Fifth Annual Meeting of
    the Interferon Research: The Biology of the Interferon System
    1988]{.underline}, Kawade, Y. and Kobayashi, S. (Eds), Tokyo,
    Kodanoha Sci. Ltd., 1989, pp. 19-24.

77. Hardy, K. J., Chrivia, J. C., Smith, J. G., Rich, S. S., Young, H.
    A., Sawada, T.: Positive and negative effectors of gamma interferon
    gene regulation. In: [The Fifth Annual Meeting of the Interferon
    Research: The Biology of the Interferon System 1988]{.underline},
    Kawade, Y. and Kobayashi, S. (Eds), Tokyo, Kodanoha Sci. Ltd., 1989,
    pp. 33-38.

78. Kovacs, E. J., Brock, B., Varesio, L., and Young, H. A.: IL-2
    induction of IL-1β mRNA expression in monocytes. Regulation by
    agents that block second messenger pathways. [J.
    Immunol]{.underline}. 143: 3532-3537, 1989.

79. Smyth, M.J., Ortaldo, J.R., Okumura, K., and Young, H.A.: IL-2
    induction of perforin mRNA expression in human lymphocyte subsets.
    [Cytokine]{.underline} 1: 153, 1989.

80. Young, H.A., and Hardy, K.J.: Interferon-γ: Producer cells,
    activation stimuli, and molecular genetic regulation. [Pharmacol.
    Ther.]{.underline} 45: 137-151, 1990.

81. Ciccarone, V.C., Chrivia, J., Hardy, K.J., and Young, H.A.:
    Identification of enhancer-like elements in human IFN-γ genomic DNA.
    [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 144: 725-730, 1990.

82. Gotlieb, W. H., Takacs, L., Young, H. A., Gusella, L., and Durum, S.
    K.: Growth of Immature (Double Negative) Rat Thymocytes in the
    presence of IL-1. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 144: 2072-2081, 1990.

83. Biron, C. A., Young, H. A., and Kasaian, M. T.:
    Interleukin-2-induced proliferation of murine natural killer cells
    [in]{.underline} [vivo]{.underline}. [J. Exp. Med]{.underline}. 171:
    173-188, 1990.

84. Mace, K. F., Hornung, R. L., Wiltrout, R. H. and Young, H. A.:
    Correlation of in vivo cytokine gene expression by flavone acetic
    acid with strict dose dependency and therapeutic efficacy against
    murine renal cancer. [Cancer Res.]{.underline} 50: 1742- 1747, 1990.

85. Smith, M. R., Kung, H.-F., Young, H. A. and Durum, S. K.: Direct
    evidence for an intracellular role for interferon-gamma:
    Microinjection of human interferon-gamma induces Ia expression on
    murine macrophages. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 144: 1777-1782, 1990.

86. Smyth, M.J., Ortaldo, J.R., Shinkai, Y.-I., Yagita, H., Okumura, K.,
    Young, H.A.: Interleukin-2 induction of pore-forming protein gene
    expression in human peripheral blood CD8^+^ T cells. [J. Exp.
    Med]{.underline}. 171: 1269-1281, 1990.

87. Latham, P.S., Lewis, A.M., Varesio, L., Pavlakis, G.N., Felber,
    B.K., Ruscetti, F.W., and Young, H.A.: Expression of human
    immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat in the human promonocyte
    cell line U937: Effect of endotoxin and cytokines. [Cell.
    Immunol.]{.underline} 129: 513-518, 1990.

88. Wiltrout, R.H., Hornung, R.L., Futami, H., Young, H.A., and Sayers,
    T.J.: Involvement of cytokines in combined modality preclinical
    approaches to cancer treatment. In: [The Biology and Clinical
    Applications of Interleukin]{.underline}, Rees, R.C. (E.), Oxford
    Univ. Press, Oxford, UK, 1990, pp. 90-97.

89. Chrivia, J.C., Wedrychowicz, T., Young, H.A., and Hardy, K.J.: A
    model of human cytokine regulation based on transfection of gamma
    interferon gene fragments directly into isolated peripheral blood T
    lymphocytes. [J. Exp. Med]{.underline}. 172: 661-664, 1990.

90. Smyth, M.J., Ortaldo, J.R., Bere, W., Yagita, H., Okumura, K., and
    Young, H.A.: IL-2 and IL-6 synergize to augment the pore-forming
    protein gene expression and cytotoxic potential of human peripheral
    blood T cells. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 145: 1159-1166, 1990.

91. Young, H.A., Eader, H., Futami, H., Ayroldi, E., Varesio, L.,
    Pitha-Rowe, P., and Wiltrout, R.H.: Modulation of immune system
    function by chemotherapeutic drugs: induction of cytokine gene
    expression and activation of a cytokine gene promoter activity by
    the investigational chemotherapeutic drug, flavone acetic acid. In:
    [Proceedings of the 1990 Miami Bio/Technology Winter Symposia
    Advances in Gene Technology: The Molecular Biology of Immune
    Diseases and the Immune Response - Vol. 10]{.underline}, Streilein,
    J.W., Ahmad, F., Bialy, H., Black, S., Blomberg, B., Chin, Y.H.,
    Lopez, D., Malek, T., Podack, E.R., Rabin, M.B., Stein-Streilein,
    J., Van Brunt, J., and Whelan, W.J. (Eds): Oxford, IRL Press, 1990,
    pp.141.

92. Galli, M-C., Smyth, J.J., Young, H.A., Reynolds, C.W., and Ortaldo,
    J.R.: Differential regulation of interleukin-1 gene expression in
    human CD3^-^ large granular lymphocytes. [Cell.
    Immunol]{.underline}. 131: 184-190, 1990.

93. Smyth, M.J., Ortaldo, J.R., Shinkai, Y., Yagita, H., Nakata, M.,
    Okumura, K., and Young, H.A.: Regulation of pore-forming protein
    gene expression in human peripheral blood leukocytes. In: Oppenheim,
    J.J., Powanda, M.C., Kluger, M.J., and Dinarello, C.A. (Eds.):
    [Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cytokines]{.underline}.
    Wiley-Liss, Inc., NY, 1990, pp. 529-534.

94. Wiltrout, R.H., Hornung, R.L., Futami, H., Back, T.T., Young, H.A.,
    Sayers, T.J.: Murine renal cancer (renca) model: Background and
    preclinical studies. In: F.M.J. Debruyne, R.M. Bukowski, J.E.
    Pontes, and P.H.M. de Mulder (Eds.): [Recent Advances on the
    Immunotherapy of Renal Cell Cancer]{.underline}. Springer-Verlog,
    Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 13-19, 1991.

95. Futami, H., Pilaro, A.M., Gruys, M.E., Back, T.T., Young, H.A., and
    Wiltrout, R.H.: In vivo distribution and cytokine gene expression by
    enriched mouse LAK effector cells. [Biotherapy]{.underline} 3:
    219-232, 1991.

96. Chan, S.H., Perussia, B., Gupta, J.W., Kobayashi, M., Pospisil, M.,
    Young, H.A., Wolf, S.F., Young, D., Clark, S.C., and Trinchieri, G.:
    Induction of interferon-γ production by natural killer cell
    stimulatory factor: Characterization of the responder cells and
    synergy with other inducers. [J. Exp. Med.]{.underline} 173:
    869-879, 1991.

97. Smyth, M.J., Strobl, S.L., Young, H.A., Ortaldo, J.R., and Ochoa,
    A.C.: Regulation of lymphokine-activated killer activity and
    pore-forming protein gene expression in human peripheral blood CD8+
    T lymphocytes: Inhibition by transforming growth factor-β. [J.
    Immunol.]{.underline} 146: 3289-3297, 1991.

98. Winkler-Pickett, R.T., Young, H.A., Kuta, A., and Ortaldo, J.R.:
    Analysis of rat natural killer cytotoxic factor (NKCF): Mechanism of
    action and relationship to other cytotoxic/cytostatic factors.
    [Cell. Immunol.]{.underline} 135: 42-54, 1991.

99. Ortaldo, J.R., Winkler-Pickett, R.T., Yagita, H., and Young, H.A.:
    Comparative studies of CD3^-^ and CD3^+^ cells: Examination of
    morphology, functions, T cell receptor rearrangement, and
    pore-forming protein expression. [Cell. Immunol.]{.underline} 136:
    486-495, 1991.

100. Smyth, M.J., Norihisa, Y., Gerard, J.R., Young, H.A., and Ortaldo,
     J.R.: IL-7 regulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes: Pore-forming
     protein gene expression, interferon-γ production, and cytotoxicity
     of human peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. [Cell.
     Immunol.]{.underline} 138: 390-403, 1991.

101. Futami, H., Eader, L.A., Komschlies, K.L., Bull, R., Gruys, M.E.,
     Young, H.A., and Wiltrout, R.H.: Flavone acetic acid directly
     induces expression of cytokine genes in mouse splenic leukocytes,
     but not in human peripheral blood leukocytes. [Cancer
     Res.]{.underline} 51: 6596-6602, 1991.

102. Sica, A., Tan, T-H., Rice, N., Kretzschmar, M., Ghosh, P., and
     Young, H.A.: The [c-rel]{.underline} protooncogene product c-Rel
     but not NK-κB binds to the intronic region of the human
     interferon-γ gene at a site related to an interferon-stimulable
     response element. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA]{.underline} 89:
     1740-44, 1992.

103. Hardy, K.J. and Young, H.A.: IFN-γ, gene structure and regulation.
     In Baron, S., Coppenhaver, D.H., Dianzani, F., Fleischmann, W.R.,
     Hughes, T.K., Klimpel, G.R., Niesel, D.W., Stanton, G.J. and
     Tyring, S.K. (Eds.): [Interferon: Principles and Medical
     Applications]{.underline}. Galveston, TX, The University of Texas
     Medical Branch at Galveston, 1992, pp. 47-64.

104. Futami, H., Eader, L.A., Back, T.E., Gruys, E., Young, H.A.,
     Wiltrout, R.H., and Baguley, B.C.: Cytokine induction and
     therapeutic synergy with IL2 against murine renal and colon cancers
     by xanthenone-4-acetic acid derivatives. [J.
     Immunother.]{.underline} 12: 247-255, 1992.

105. Pang, Y., Norihisa, Y., Benjamin, D., Kantor, R.R.S., and Young,
     H.A.: Interferon-γ gene expression in human B-cell lines: Induction
     by interleukin-2, protein kinase C activators, and possible effect
     of hypomethylation on gene regulation. [Blood]{.underline} 80:
     724-732, 1992.

106. Murphy, W., Keller, J., Harrison, C., Young, H., and Longo, D.:
     Interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells can support
     hematopoiesis in vitro and promote marrow engraftment in vivo.
     [Blood]{.underline} 80: 670-677, 1992.

107. Tan, T-H., Huang, G.P., Sica, A., Ghosh, P., Young, H.A., Longo,
     D.L., and Rice, N.R.: κB site-dependent activation of the
     interleukin 2 receptor α chain gene promoter by human c-Rel. [Mol.
     Cell. Biol.]{.underline} 12: 4067-4075, 1992.

108. Loeffler, C.M., Smyth, M.J., Longo, D.L., Kopp, W.C., Harvey, L.K.,
     Tribble, H.R., Tase, J.E., Urba, W.J., Leonard, A.S., Young, H.A.,
     and Ochoa, A.C.: Immunoregulation in cancer-bearing hosts.
     Down-regulation of gene expression and cytotoxic function in CD8^+^
     T cells. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 149: 949-956, 1992.

109. Simek, S.L., Fields, A., Colburn, N.H., Winkler-Pickett, R., and
     Young, H.A.: The presence in a mouse T cell line of a 97 kDa
     protein kinase C (PKC) with characteristics similar to known
     members of the novel PKC subgroup and its possible role in
     lymphocyte gene expression. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 149:
     3542-3549, 1992.

110. Conlon, K.C., Ochoa, A.C., Kopp, W.C., Ortaldo, J.R., Urba, W.J.,
     Longo, D.L., and Young, H.A.: Enhanced lymphokine production and
     lymphokine receptor expression in multiple antibody-stimulated
     human CD4^+^ peripheral blood lymphocytes. [J.
     Immunol]{.underline}. 149: 3278-3289, 1992.

111. Howard, O.M.Z., Dean, M., Young, H., Ramsburg, M., Turpin, J.A.,
     Michiel, D.F., Kelvin, D.J., Lee, L., and Farrar, W.L.:
     Characterization of a class 3 tyrosine kinase.
     [Oncogene]{.underline} 7: 895-900, 1992.

112. Ortaldo, J.R., Glenn, G.M., Young, H.A., and Frey, J.L.: Natural
     killer (NK) lytic disfunction and putative NK receptor expression
     abnormality in members of a family with chromosome 3p-linked von
     Hippel-Lindau disease. [J.Natl. Cancer Inst.]{.underline} 84:
     1897-1903, 1992.

113. Smyth, M.J., Wiltrout, T., Trapani, J.A., Ottaway, K.S., Sowder,
     R., Henderson, L.E., Kam, C-M., Powers, J.C., Young, H.A., and
     Sayers, T.J.: Purification and cloning of a novel serine protease,
     RNK-Met-1, from the granules of a rat natural killer cell leukemia.
     [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 267: 24418-24425, 1992.

114. Anderson, S.K., Gallinger, S., Roder, J., Frey, J., Young, H., and
     Ortaldo, J.: A novel cyclophilin-related protein involved in the
     function of NK cells. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA]{.underline} 90:
     542-546, 1993.

115. Young, H.A.: Rescue of plasmid DNA from non-viable bacterial
     glycerol stocks. [BioTechniques]{.underline} 14: 745, 1993.

116. Ghosh, P., Tan T-H., Rice, N.R., Sica, A., and Young, H.A.: The
     interleukin 2 CD28-responsive complex contains at least three
     members of the NF Kappa B family: c-Rel, p50, and p65. [Proc. Natl.
     Acad. Sci. USA]{.underline} 90: 1696-1700, 1993.

117. Young, H.A., Jenkins, N.A., Copeland, N.G., Simek, S., Lerman,
     M.I., Zbar, B., Glenn, G., Ortaldo, J.R., and Anderson, S.K.:
     Localization of a novel natural killer triggering receptor locus to
     human chromosome 3p23-p21 and mouse chromosome 9.
     [Genomics]{.underline} 16: 548-549, 1993.

118. Penix, L., Weaver, W.M., Pang, Y., Young, H.A., and Wilson, C.B.:
     Two essential regulatory elements in the human IFN-γ promoter
     confer activation specific expression in T-cells. [J. Exp.
     Med.]{.underline} 178: 1483-1496, 1993.

119. Lollini, P-L., Bosco, M.C., Cavallo, F., de Giovanni, C., Landuzzi,
     L., Musiani, P., Modesti, A., Nicoletti, G., Palmieri, G., Santoni,
     A., Young, H.A., Forni, G., and Nanni, P.: Inhibition of tumor
     growth and enhancement of metastasis after transfection of the
     γ-interferon gene. [Int. J. Cancer]{.underline} 55: 320-329, 1993.

120. Norihisa, Y., McVicar, D.W;, Ghosh, P., Houghton, A.N., Longo,
     D.L., Creekmore, S.P., Ortaldo, J.R., and Young, H.A.: Increased
     proliferation, cytotoxicity, and gene expression after stimulation
     of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes through surface ganglioside
     (GD3). [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 152: 485-495, 1994.

121. Hardy, K.J., Young, H.A., and Lagoo, A.S.: Molecular diagnostics.
     In D.P. Huston (Ed.): [Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North
     America]{.underline}, Vol. 14. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
     PA, 1994, pp. 199-223

122. Ghosh, P., Sica, A., Young, H.A., Ye, J., Franco, J.L., Wiltrout,
     R.H., Longo, D.L., Rice, N.R., and Komschlies, K.L.: Alterations in
     NFκB/rel family proteins in splenic T-cells from tumor-bearing mice
     and reversal following therapy. [Cancer Res.]{.underline} 54:
     2969-2972, 1994.

123. Murphy, W.J., Durum, S.K., Anver, M.R., Ferris, D.K., McVicar,
     D.W., O\'Shea, J.J., Ruscetti, S.K., Smith, M.R., Young, H.A., and
     Longo, D.L.: Induction of T cell differentiation and
     lymphomagenesis in the thymus of mice with severe combined immune
     deficiency (SCID). [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 153: 1004-1014, 1994.

124. Eader, L.A., Gusella, L., Dorman, L., and Young, H.A.: Induction of
     multiple cytokine expression and IRF-1 mRNA by flavone acetic acid
     in a murine macrophage cell line. [Cell. Immunol.]{.underline} 157:
     211-222, 1994.

125. Ye, J., Ghosh, P., Cippitelli, M., Subleski, J., Hardy, K.J.,
     Ortaldo, J.R., and Young, H.A.: Characterization of a silencer
     regulatory element in the human interferon-γ promoter. [J. Biol.
     Chem.]{.underline} 269: 25728-25734, 1994.

126. Young, H.A., Ghosh, P., Ye, J., Lederer, J., Lichtman, A., Gerard,
     J., Penix, L., Wilson, C.B., Melvin, A.J., McGurn, M.E., Lewis,
     D.B., and Taub, D.D.: Differentiation of the T helper phenotypes by
     analysis of the methylation state of the IFN-γ gene. [J.
     Immunol.]{.underline} 153: 3603-3610, 1994.

127. Xu, L.C., Young, H.A., Blanco, M., Kessler, S., Roberts, A.B., and
     Karlsson, S.: Poor transduction efficiency of human hematopoietic
     progenitor cells by a high-titer amphotropic retrovirus producer
     cell clone. [J. Virol.]{.underline} 68:7634-7636, 1994.

128. Ye, J., Young, H.A., Ortaldo, J.R., and Ghosh, P.: Identification
     of a DNA binding site for the nuclear factor YY1 in the human
     GM-CSF core promoter. [Nucl. Acids Res.]{.underline} 22:5672-5678,
     1994.

129. Giardina, S.L., Anderson, S.K., Sayers, T.J., Chambers, W.H.,
     Palumbo, G.A., Young, H.A., and Ortaldo, J.R.: Selective loss of NK
     cytotoxicity in antisense NK-TR1 rat LGL cell lines: an abrogation
     of antibody independent tumor and virus-infected target cell
     killing. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}, 154:80-87, 1995.

130. Conlon, K., Osborne, J., Morimoto, C., Ortaldo, J., and Young, H.:
     Comparison of lymphokine secretion and lymphokine mRNA expression
     in the CD45RA^+^ and CD45RO^+^ subsets of human peripheral blood
     CD4^+^ and CD8^+^ lymphocytes. [Eur. J. Immunol.]{.underline}
     25:644-648, 1995.

131. Conlon, K., Lloyd, A., Chaltopadhyay, U., Lukacs, N., Kunkel, S.,
     Schall, T., Taub, D., Morimoto, C., Osborne, J., Oppenheim, J.,
     Young, H., Kelvin, D., and Ortaldo, J.: CD8+ and CD45RA+ human
     peripheral blood lymphocytes are potent sources of MIP 1α, IL-8,
     and Rantes secretion. [Eur. J. Immunol.]{.underline} 25:751-756,
     1995.

132. Smyth, M.J., Hulett, M.D., Thia, K.Y.T., Young, H.A., Sayers, T.J.,
     Carter, C.R.D., and Trapani, J.A.: Cloning and characterization of
     a novel NK cell-specific serine protease gene and its functional
     5\'-flanking sequences. [Immunogenetics]{.underline} 42:101-111,
     1995.

133. Mason, L.H., Ortaldo, J.R., Young, H.A., Kumar, V., Bennett, M.,
     and Anderson, S.K.: Cloning and functional characteristics of
     murine large granular lymphocyte-1: A member of the Ly-49 gene
     family (Ly 49G2). [J. Exp. Med.]{.underline} 182:293-303, 1995.

134. Cippitelli, M., Sica, A., Viggiano, V., Ye, J., Ghosh, P., Birrer,
     M.J., and Young, H.A.: Negative transcriptional regulation of the
     interferon-γ promoter by glucocorticoids and dominant negative
     mutants of c-Jun. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 270:12548-12556,
     1995.

135. Young, H.A.: Regulation of interferon-γ gene transcription.
     [Seminars in Virology]{.underline} 6:175-179, 1995.

136. Ye, J., Ortaldo, J.R., Conlon, K., Winkler-Pickett, R., and Young,
     H.A.: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of IFN-γ production induced
     by IL-2 and IL-12 in a human NK cell line. [J. Leukoc.
     Biol.]{.underline} 58: 225-233, 1995.

137. Mason, A.T., McVicar, D.W., Smith, C.A., Young, H.A., Ware, C.F.,
     and Ortaldo, J.R.: Regulation of NK cells through the 80-kDa TNFR
     (CD120B). [J. Leuk. Biol.]{.underline} 58:249-255, 1995.

138. Ghosh, P., Komschlies, K.L., Cippitelli, M., Longo, D.L., Subleski,
     J., Ye, J., Sica, A., Young, H.A., Wiltrout, R.H., and Ochoa, A.C.:
     Gradual shift from T-helper (Th1) to T-helper 2 (Th2) cell
     phenotype in the spleen during progressive tumor growth. [J. Natl.
     Cancer Inst.]{.underline} 87:1478-1483, 1995.

139. Young, H.A. and Hardy, K.J.: Role of interferon-γ in immune cell
     regulation. [J. Leukoc. Biol.]{.underline} 58:373-381, 1995.

140. Ye, J., Zhang, X., Young, H.A., Mao, Y., and Shi, X.: Chromium
     (VI)-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in intact cells via free
     radical reactions. [Carcinogenesis]{.underline} 16:2401-2405, 1995.

141. Young, H.A.: Regulation of interferon-γ gene expression. [J.
     Interferon & Cytokine Res.]{.underline} 16:563-568, 1996.

142. Ghosh, P., Sica, A., Cippitelli, M., Subleski, J., Lahesmaa, R.,
     Young, H.A., and Rice, N.R.: Activation of NFAT in a cyclosporin A
     resistant pathway. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 271:7700-7704,
     1996.

143. Giardina, S.L., Coffman, J.D., Young, H.A., Potter, S.J., Frey,
     J.L., Ortaldo, J.R., and Anderson, S.K.: Association of the
     expression of a SR-cyclophilin with myeloid cell differentiation.
     [Blood]{.underline} 87:2269-2274, 1996.

144. Ye, J., Cippitelli, M., Dorman, L., Ortaldo, J.R., and Young, H.A.:
     The nuclear factor YY1 suppresses the human IFN-γ promoter through
     two possible mechanisms: in inhibition of AP1 binding and
     activation of a silencer element. [Mol. Cell. Biol.]{.underline}
     16:4744-4753, 1996.

145. Cippitelli, M., Ye, J., Viggiano, V., Sica, A., Ghosh, P., Gulino,
     A., Santoni, A., and Young, H.A.: Retinoic acid-induced
     transcriptional modulation of the interferon-γ promoter. [J. Biol.
     Chem.]{.underline} 271: 26783-26793, 1996.

146. Kwak, L.W., Young, H.A., Pennington, R.W., and Weeks, S.D.:
     Vaccination with syngeneic, lymphoma-derived immunoglobulin
     idiotype combined with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating
     factor primes mice for a protective T-cell response. [Proc. Natl.
     Acad. Sci. USA]{.underline} 93:10972-10977, 1996.

147. Young, H.A. and Ghosh, P.: Molecular regulation of cytokine gene
     expression: interferon-γ as a model system. [Prog. Nucleic Acid
     Res. Mol. Biol.]{.underline} 56:109-127, 1997.

148. Young, H.A., Klinman, D.M., Reynolds, D.A., Grzegorzewski, K.J.,
     Nii, A., Ward, J.M., Winkler-Pickett, R.T., Ortaldo, J.R., Kenny,
     J.J., and Komschlies, K.L.: Bone marrow and thymus expression of
     interferon-γ results in severe B-cell lineage reduction, T-cell
     lineage alterations and hematopoietic progenitor deficiencies.
     [Blood]{.underline} 89:583-595, 1997.

149. Young, H.A.: Interferon expression by B cells. [Methods: A
     Comparison to Methods in Enzymology]{.underline}: 11:112-115, 1997.

150. Simons-Evelyn, M., Young, H.A., and Anderson, S.K.:
     Characterization of the mouse Nktr gene and promoter.
     [Genomics]{.underline} 40:94-100, 1997.

151. Ye, J., and Young, H.A.: Negative regulation of cytokine gene
     transcription. [FASEB J.]{.underline} 11:825-833, 1997.

152. Kim, I-K., Li, C-C.H., Young, H.A., Lee, J-H., Kim, H-S.,
     Pardhasaradhi, K., Garcia, G.E., and Chiang, P.K.: Apoptosis of
     L1210 leukemia cells induced by 3-deazaadenosine analogs:
     differential expression of c-myc and NF-KappaB and molecular
     events. [J. Biomed. Sci.]{.underline} 4: :83-90, 1997.

153. Sica, A., Dorman, L., Viggiano, V., Cippitelli, M., Ghosh, P.,
     Rice, N., and Young, H.A.: Interaction of NF-κB and NFAT with IFN-γ
     promoter. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 272:30412-30420, 1997.

154. Curiel, R.E., Lahesmaa, R., Subleski, J., Cippitelli, M., Kirken,
     R.A., Young, H.A., and Ghosh, P.: Identification of a
     Stat-6-responsive element in the promoter of the human
     interleukin-4 gene. [Eur. J. Immunol.]{.underline} 27:1982-1987,
     1997.

155. Nii, A., Young, H.A., Ward, J.M., Reynolds, D.L.:
     Osteochondrodysplasia occurring in transgenic mice expressing
     interferon-gamma. [Veterinary Pathol.]{.underline} 34:431-441,
     1997.

156. Yu, C-R., Kirken, R.A., Malabarba, M.G., Young, H.A., and Ortaldo,
     J.R.: Differential regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway and
     biological function of IL-13 in primary NK and T cells: a
     comparative study with IL-4. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 161:218-227,
     1998.

157. Yu, C-R., Young H.A., and Ortaldo, J.R.: Characterization of
     cytokine differential induction of STAT complexes in primary human
     T and NK cells. [J. Leukoc. Biol]{.underline}. 64:245-258, 1998.

158. Mikovits, J.A., Young, H.A., Vertino, P., Issa, J-P.J., Pitha,
     P.M., Turcoski-Corrales, S., Taub, D.D., Petrow, C.L., Baylin,
     S.B., and Ruscetti, F.W.: Infection with human immunodeficiency
     virus type 1 upregulates DNA methyltransferase, resulting in de
     novo methylation of the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) promoter and
     subsequent downregulation of IFN-γ production. [Mol. Cell.
     Biol]{.underline}. 18:5166-5177, 1998.

159. Kuhns, D.B., Young, H.A., Gallin, E.K., and Gallin, J.I.:
     Ca^2+^-dependent production and release of IL-8 in human
     neutrophils. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 161:4332-4339, 1998.

160. Vos, Q., Ortaldo, J.R., Conan-Cibotti, M., Vos, M.D., Young, H.A.,
     Anderson, S.K., Witherspoon, K., Prager, I., Snapper, C.M., and
     Mond, J.J.: Phenotypic and functional characterization of a panel
     of cytotoxici murine NK cell clones that are heterogeneous in their
     enhancement of Ig secretion in vitro. [Int. Immunol.]{.underline}
     10:1093-1101, 1998.

161. Murphy, W.J., Welniak, L.A., Taub, D.D., Wiltrout, R.H., Taylor,
     P.A., Vallera, D.A., Kopf, M., Young, H.A., Longo, D.L., and
     Blazar, B.R.: Differential effects of the absence of IFN-γ and IL-4
     in acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow
     transplantation in mice. [J. Clin. Invest.]{.underline}
     102:1742-1748, 1998.

162. Hoshino, T., Winkler-Pickett, R.T., Mason, A.T., Ortaldo, J.R., and
     Young, H.A.: IL-13 production by NK cells: IL-13-producing NK and T
     cells are present in vivo in the absence of IFN-γ. [J.
     Immunol.]{.underline} 162:51-59, 1999.

163. Yu, C-R., Ortaldo, J.R., Curiel, R.E., Young, H.A., Anderson, S.K.,
     and Gosselin, P.: Role of a STAT binding site in the regulation of
     the human perforin promoter. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}
     162:2785-2790, 1999.

164. Bream, J.H., Young, H.A., Rice, N., Martin, M.P., Smith, M.W.,
     Carrington, M., and O-Brien, S.J.: CCR5 promoter alleles and
     specific DNA binding factors. [Science]{.underline} 284:223a, 1999.

165. Salcedo, R., Wasserman, K., Young, H.A., Grimm, M.C., Howard,
     O.M.Z., Anver, M.R., Kleinman, H.K., Murphy, W.J., and Oppenheim,
     J.J.: Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast
     growth factor induce expression of CXCR4 on human endothelial
     cells: In vivo neovascularization induced by stromal-derived
     factor-1α. [Amer. J. Pathol.]{.underline} 154:1125-1135, 1999.

166. Saccani, S., Saccani, A., Varesio, L., Ghosh, P., Young, H.A., and
     Sica, A.: Divergent effects of dithiocarbamates on AP-1 containing
     and AP-1-less NFAT sites. [Eur. J. Immunol.]{.underline}
     29:1194-1201, 1999.

167. Hoshino, T., Wiltrout, R.H., and Young, H.A.: IL-18 is a potent
     coinducer of IL-13 in NK and T cells: A new potential role for
     IL-18 in modulating the immune response. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}
     162:5070-5077, 1999.

168. Sugita, Y., Zhao, B., Shankar, P., Dunbar, C.E., Doren, S., Young,
     H.A., and Schwartz, J.P.: CNS Interleukin-3 (IL-3) expression and
     neurological syndrome in antisense-IL-3 transgenic mice. [J.
     Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.]{.underline} 58:480-488, 1999.

169. Ching, L-M., Young, H.A., Eberly, K., and Yu, C-R.: Induction of
     STAT and NFκB activation by the antitumor agents
     5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid and flavone acetic acid in a
     murine macrophage cell line. [Biochem. Pharmacol.]{.underline}
     58:1173-1181, 1999.

170. Ye, J., Young, H.A., Zhang, X., Castranova, V., Vallyathan, V., and
     Shi, X.: Regulation of a cell type-specific silencer in the human
     Interleukin-3 gene promoter by the transcription factor YY1 and an
     AP2 sequence-recognizing factor. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline}
     274:26661-26667, 1999.

171. Bream, J.H., Carrington, M., O'Toole, S., Dean, M., Gerrard, B.,
     Shin, H.D., Kosack, D., Modi, W., Young, H.A., and Smith, M.W.:
     Polymorphisms of the human IFNG gene noncoding regions.
     [Immunogenetics]{.underline} 51:50-58, 2000.

172. Lee, J-K., Sayers, T.J., Brooks, A.D., Back, T.C., Young, H.A.,
     Komschlies, K.L., Wigginton, J.M., and Wiltrout, R.H.:
     IFN-γ-dependent delay of in vivo tumor progression by Fas
     overexpression on murine renal cancer cells. [J.
     Immunol.]{.underline} 164:231-239, 2000.

173. Taylor, G.A., Collazo, C.M., Yap, G.S., Nguyer, K., Gregorio, T.A.,
     Taylor, L.S., Eagleson, B., Secrest, L., Southen, E.A., Reid, S.W.,
     Tessarollo, L., Bray, M., McVicar, D.W., Komschlies, K.L., Young,
     H.A., Biron, C.A., Sher, A., and VandeWoude, G.F.:
     Pathogen-specific loss of host resistance in mice lacking the
     interferon-γ-inducible gene IGTP. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
     USA]{.underline} 97:751-755, 2000.

174. Gonsky, R., Deem, R.L., Bream, J.H., Lee, D.H., Young, H.A., and
     Targan, S.R.: Mucosa-specific targets for regulation of IFN-γ
     expression: Lamina propria T cells use different cis-elements than
     peripheral blood T cells to regulate transactivation of IFN-γ
     expression. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 164:1399-1407, 2000.

175. Bosco, M.C., Rapisarda, A., Massazza, S., Melillo, G., Young, H.,
     and Varesio, L.: The tryptophan catabolite picolinic acid
     selectively induces the chemokines macrophage inflammatory
     protein-1α and -1β in macrophages. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}
     164:3283-3291, 2000.

176. El-Omar, E.M., Carrington, M., Chow, W-H., McColl, K.E.L., Bream,
     J.H., Young, H.A., Herrera, J., Lissowska, J., Yuan, C-C., Rothman,
     N., Lanyon, G. Fraumeni Jr., J.F., and Rabkin, C.S.: Interleukin-1
     polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer.
     [Nature]{.underline} 404:398-402, 2000.

177. Hwu, P., Du, M.X., Lapointe, R., Do, M., Taylor, M.W., and Young,
     H.A.: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase production by human dendritic
     cells results in the inhibition of T cell proliferation. [J.
     Immunol.]{.underline} 164:3596-3599, 2000.

178. Hoshino, T., Yagita, H., Ortaldo, J.R., Wiltrout, R.H., and Young,
     H.A.: In vivo administration of IL-18 can induce IgE production
     through Th2 cytokine production and up-regulation of CD40 ligand
     (CD154) expression on CD4^+^ T cells. [Eur. J.
     Immunol]{.underline}. 30:1998-2006, 2000.

179. Salcedo, R., Ponce, M.L., Young, H.A., Wasserman, K., Ward, J.M.,
     Kleinman, H.K., Oppenheim, J.J., and Murphy, W.J.: Human
     endothelial cells express CCR2 and respond to MCP-1: direct role of
     MCP-1 in angiogenesis and tumor progression. [Blood]{.underline}
     96:34-40, 2000.

180. Lapointe, R., Toso, J.F., Butts, C., Young, H.A., and Hwu, P.:
     Human dendritic cells require multiple activation signals for the
     efficient generation of tumor antigen-specific T lymphocytes.
     [Eur. J. Immunol.]{.underline} 30:3291-3298, 2000.

181. Shin, H.D., Winkler, C., Stehens, J.C., Bream, J., Young, H.,
     Phair, J., Goedert, J.J., O'Brien, T.R., Vlahov, D., Buchbinder,
     S., Giorgi, J., Rinauldi, C., Donfield, S., Willoughby, A. O'Brien,
     S.J., and Smith, M.W.: Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and
     AIDS by promoter alleles of interleukin 10. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
     USA]{.underline} 97:14467-14472, 2000.

182. Apolloni, E., Bronte, V., Mazzoni, A., Serafini, P., Cabrelle, A.,
     Segal, D.M., Young, H.A., and Zanovello, P. : Immortalized myeloid
     suppressor cells trigger apoptosis in antigen-activated T
     lymphocytes. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 165:6723-6730, 2000.

183. Kim, S.H., Reznikov, L.L., Styrt, R.J.L., Selzman, C.H., Fantuzzi,
     G., Hoshino, T., Young, H.A., and Dinarello, C.A.: Functional
     reconstitution and regulation of IL-18 activity by the IL-18Rβ
     chain. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 166:148-154, 2001.

184. Wigginton, J.M., Park, J-W., Gruys, M.E., Young, H.A., Jorcyk,
     C.L., Back, T.C., Brunda, M.J., Strieter, R.B., Green, J.E., and
     Wiltrout, R.H.: Complete regression of established spontaneous
     mammary carincoma, and the therapeutic prevention of
     genetically-programmed neoplastic transition by IL-12/pulse IL-2:
     Induction of local T cell infiltration, FAS/FAS-L gene expression
     and mammary epithelial apoptosis. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}
     166:1156-1168, 2001.

185. Ortaldo, J.R., Bere, E.W., Hodge, D., and Young, H.A.: Activating
     Ly-49 NK receptors: Central role in cytokine and chemokine
     production. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 166:4994-4999, 2001.

186. Zhang, X., Wang, J. M., Gong, W.H., Mukaida, N., and Young, H.A.:
     Differential regulation of chemokine gene expression by
     15-Deoxy-Δ^12,14^ Prostaglandin J~2~^1,2^. [J.
     Immunol.]{.underline} 166:7104-7111, 2001.

187. Hoshino, T., Kawase, Y., Okamoto, M., Yokota, K., Yoshino, K.,
     Yamamura, K-I., Miyazaki, J-I, Young, H.A., and Oizaumi, K.: IL-18
     transgenic mice: in vivo evidence of a broad role for IL-18 in
     modulating immune function. [Cutting Edge: J. Immunol]{.underline}.
     166:7014-7018, 2001.

188. Salcedo, R., Young, H.A., Ponce, M.L., Ward, J.M., Kleinman, H.K.,
     Murphy, W.J., and Oppenheim, J.J.: Eotaxin (CCL11) induces in vivo
     angiogenic responses by human CCR3^+^ endothelial cells. [J.
     Immunol.]{.underline} 166:7571-7578, 2001.

189. Martinez, A., Hodge, D.L., Garayoa, M., Young, H.A., and Cuttitta,
     F.: Alternative splicing of the proadrenomedullin gene results in
     differential expression of gene products. [J. Mol.
     Endoc.]{.underline} 27:31-41, 2001.

190. Krakauer, T., Li, B.Q., and Young, H.A.: The flavonoid baicalin
     inhibits superantigen-induced inflammatory cytokines and
     chemokines. [FEBS Lett]{.underline} 500:52-55, 2001.

191. Lee, J-K, Back, T.C., Komschlies, K.L., Ruscetti, F.W., Young,
     H.A., and Wiltrout, R.H.: Hematopoietic switch from lymphoid to
     granulocytic development in 3LL tumor-bearing mice. [In
     Vivo]{.underline} 15:255-263, 2001.

192. Blanca, I.R., Bere, E.W., Young, H.A. and Ortaldo, J.R.: Human B
     cell activation by autologous NK cells is regulated by CD40-CD40L
     interaction. Role of memory B cells and CD5+B cells. [J.
     Immunol]{.underline}. 167:6132-6139, 2001.

193. Mazzoni, A, Young, H.A., Spitzer, J.H., Visintin, A., and Segal,
     D.M.: Histamine regulates cytokine production in maturing dendritic
     cells resulting in altered T cell polarization. [J. Clinical
     Invest.]{.underline} 108:1865-1873, 2001.

194. Khaled, A.R., Reynolds, D.A., Young, H.A., Thompson, C.B., Muegge,
     K., and Durum, S.K.: Interleukin-3 withdrawal induces an early
     increase in mitochondrial membrane potential unrelated to the Bcl-2
     family. Roles of intacellular pH, ADP transport, and
     F(0)F(1)-ATPase. [J. Biol.Chem.]{.underline} 276:6453-6462, 2001.

195. Lyakh, L.A., Koski, G.K., Young, H.A., Spence, S.E., Cohen, P.A.,
     and Rice, N.R.: Adenovirus type 5 vectors induce dendritic cell
     differentiation in human CD14^+^ monocytes cultured under
     serum-free conditions. [Blood]{.underline} 99:600-608, 2002.

196. Bodor, J., Bodorova, J., Bare, C., Hodge, D.L., Young H.A., and
     Gress, R.E.: Differential inducibility of the transcription
     repressor ICER and its role in modulation of fas ligand expression
     in T and NK lymphocytes. [Eur. J. Immunol.]{.underline} 32:203-212,
     2002.

197. Okamoto, M., Kato, S., Oizumi, K., Kinoshita, M., Inoue, Y.,
     Hoshino, K., Akira, S., Mckenzie, A.J., Young, H.A., and Hoshino,
     T.: Interleukin 18 (IL-18) in synergy with IL- 2 induces lethal
     lung injury in mice: a potential role for cytokines, chemokines,
     and natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of interstitial
     pneumonia. [Blood]{.underline} 99:1289-1298, 2002.

198. Shimozato, O., Ortaldo, J.R., Komschlies, K.L., and Young, H.A.:
     Impaired NK cell development in IFN-γ transgenic mouse: aberrantly
     expressed IFN-γ enhances hematopoietic stem cell apoptosis and
     affects NK cell differentiation. [J. Immunol]{.underline}.
     168:1746-1752, 2002.

199. Hensley, L.E., Young, H.A., Jahrling, P.B., and Geisbert, T.W.:
     Proinflammatory response during Ebola virus infection of primate
     models: possible involvement of the tumor necrosis factor receptor
     superfamily. [Immunol. Letters]{.underline} 80:169-179, 2002.

200. Zhu, J., Guo, Liying, G., Min, B., Watson, C.J., Hu-Li, J., Young,
     H.A., Tsichlis, P.N., and Paul, W.E.: Growth factor independent-1
     induced by IL-4 regulated Th2 cell proliferation.
     [Immunity]{.underline} 16:733-744, 2002.

201. Samten, B., Ghosh, P., Yi, A-K., Weis, S.E., Lakey, D.L., Gonsky,
     R., Pendurthi, U., Wizel, B., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., Gong, J.,
     Fernandez, M., Vankayalapati, R., Young, H.A., and Barnes, P.F.:
     Reduced expression of nuclear U.C. response element-binding
     proteins and interferon-g promoter function in human tuberculosis.
     [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 168:3520-3526, 2002.

202. Bream, J.H., Ping, A., Zhang, X., Winkler, C., and Young, H.A.: A
     single nucleotide polymorphism in the proximal IFN-gamma promoter
     alters control of gene transcription. [Genes and
     Immunity]{.underline} 3:165-169, 2002.

203. Hodge, D.L., Schill, W.B., Wang, J-M, Blanca, I., Reynolds, D.A.,
     Ortaldo, J.R.and Young, H.A.: IL-2 and IL-12 alter NK cell
     responsiveness to IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 by down-regulating
     CXCR3 expression. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 168:6090-6098, 2002.

204. Rajnavolgyi, E., Benbernou, N., Rethi, B., Reynolds, D., Young,
     H.A., Magocsi, Muegge, K., and Durum, S.K.: IL-7 withdrawal induces
     a stress pathway activating p38 and Jun N-terminal kinases.
     [Cellular Signaling]{.underline} 14:761-769, 2002.

205. Hodge, D.L., Martinez, A., Julias, J.G., Taylor, L.S., and Young,
     H.A.: Regulation of nuclear gamma interferon gene expression by
     interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-2 represents a novel form of
     posttranscriptional control. [Mol. Cell. Biol.]{.underline}
     22:1742-1753, 2002.

206. Zhang, X and Young, H.A.: PPAR and immune system - what do we know?
     [J. International Immunopharmacology]{.underline} 2:1029-1044,
     2002.

207. Krakauer, T., Cheng, X., Howard, O.M.., and Young, H.A.: RNase
     protection assay for the study of the differential effects of
     therapeutic agents in suppressing staphylococcal enterotoxin
     B-induced cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
     [Methods in Molecular Biology]{.underline}. Ed. Krakauer, et al,
     Humana Press, Vol. 214, 151-164, 2003.

208. Khaled, A.R., Li, W.Q., Huang, J., Fry, T.J., Khaled, A.S.,
     Mackall, C.L., Muegge, K., Young, H.A., Durum, S.K.: Bax deficiency
     partially corrects interleukin-7 receptor alpha deficiency.
     [Immunity]{.underline} 17:561-573, 2002.

209. Kershaw, M.H., Wang, G., Westwood, J.A., Pachynski, R.K., Tiffany,
     H.L., Marincola, F.M., Wang, E., Young, H.A., Murphy, P.M., Hwu,
     P.: Redirecting migration of T cells to chemokine secreted from
     tumors by genetic modification with CXCR2. [Human]{.underline}
     [Gene Ther.]{.underline} 13:1971-1980, 2002.

210. Ortaldo, J.R. and Young, H.A.: Expression of IFN-γ upon triggering
     of activating Ly49D NK Receptors in vitro and in vivo:
     costimulation with IL-12 or IL-18 overrides inhibitory receptors.
     [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 170:1763-1769, 2003.

211. Bream, J.H., Curiel, R.E., Yu, C-R., Egwuagu, C.E., Grusby, M.J.,
     Aune, T.M., and Young, H.A.: IL-4 synergistically enhances both
     IL-2 and IL-12-induced IFN-γ expression in murine NK cells.
     [Blood]{.underline} 102:207-214, 2003.

212. Gonsky, R., Deem, R.L., Young, H.A. and Targan, S.R.: CD2 mediates
     activation of the IFN-γ intronic STAT binding region in mucosal T
     cells. [Eur. J. Immunol.]{.underline} 33:1152-1162, 2003.

213. Kyungiae, K., Khaled, A.R., Reynolds, D., Young, H.A., Chong-Kil,
     L., and Durum, S.K.: Characterization of an
     interleukin-7-dependent-thymic cell line derived from a p53 mouse.
     [J. Immunol. Methods]{.underline} 274:177-184, 2003.

214. Moayeri, M, Haines, D., Young, H.A., and Leppla, S.H.: Bacillus
     anthracis lethal toxin induces TNF-α-independent hypoxia-mediated
     toxicity in mice. [J. Clin. Invest.]{.underline} 112:670-682, 2003.

215. Salcedo, R., Zhang, X., Young, H.A., Nelson, M., Wasserman, K.,
     Wei-Hong, M., Martins-Green, M., Murphy, W.J. and Oppenheim, J.J.:
     Angiogenic effects of prostaglandin E2 are mediated by
     Up-Regulation of CXCR4 on human microvascular endothelial cells.
     [Blood]{.underline} 102:1966-1977, 2003.

216. Saitoh, S.I., Odom, S., Gomez, G., Sommers, C.L., Young, H.A.,
     Rivera, J., and Samelson, L.E.: The four distal tyrosines are
     required for LAT-dependent signaling in FcεRI-mediated mast cell
     activation. [J. Exp.Med.]{.underline} 198:831-843, 2003.

217. Chung, H-K., Young, H.A., Goon, P.K.C., Heidecker, G., Princler,
     G.L., Shimozato, O., Taylor, G., Bangham, C.R.M., and Derse, D.:
     Activation of interleukin-13 expression in T cells from
     HTLV-1-infected individuals and in chronically infected cell lines.
     [Blood]{.underline} 102:4130-4136, 2003.

218. Hoshino, T., Nakamura, H., Okamoto, M., Kato, S., Araya, S.,
     Nomiyama, K., Oizumi, K., Young, H.A., Aizawa, H., and Yodoi, J.:
     Redox-active protein thioredoxin prevents proinflammatory cytokine-
     or bleomycin-induced lung injury. [Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care
     Med.]{.underline} 168:1075-1083, 2003.

219. Mason, L.H., Willette-Brown, J., Anderson, S.K., Alvord, W.G.,
     Klabansky, R.L., Young, H.A., and Ortaldo, J.R.: Receptor
     glycosylation regulates Ly-49 binding to MHC Class I. [J.
     Immunol.]{.underline} 171:4235-4242, 2003.

220. Chevillard, C., Moukoko, C.E., Elwali, N.E., Bream, J.H., Kouriba,
     B., Argiro, L., Rahoud, S., Mergani, A., Henri, S., Gaudart, J.,
     Mohamed-Ali, Q., Young, H.A., and Dessein, A.J.: IFN-gamma
     polymorphisms (IFN-gamma +2109 and IFN-gamma +3810) are associated
     with severe hepatic fibrosis in human hepatic schistosomiasis
     (Schistosoma mansoni). [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 171:5596-5601,
     2003.

221. Young, H.A., Subleski, J.J. and Krebs, S.M.: Multiprobe
     ribonuclease protection assay for simultaneous measurement of mRNA
     expression of 8-12 genes. [Current Protocols Immunol.]{.underline}
     Unit 10.29.1-10.29.15, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2003.

222. Geisbert, T.W., Young, H.A., Jahrling, P.B., Davis, K.J., Kagan,
     E., and Hensley, L.E.: Mechanisms underlying coagulation
     abnormalities in ebola hemorrhagic fever: overexpression of tissue
     factor in primate monocytes/macrophages is a key event. [J. Infect.
     Dis.]{.underline} 188:1618-1629, 2003.

223. Geisbert, T.W., Young, H.A., Jahrling, P.B., Davis, K.J., Larsen,
     T., Kagan, E., and Hensley, L.E.: Hemorrhage is not a direct effect
     of virus-induced cytolysis of endothelial cells. [Am. J.
     Pathol.]{.underline} 163:2371-2382, 2003.

224. Geisbert, T.W., Hensley, L.E., Larsen, T., Young, H.A., Reed, D.S.,
     Geisbert, J.B., Scott, D.P., Kagan, E., Jahrling, P.B., and Davis,
     K.J.: Pathogenesis of ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus
     macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained
     targets of infection. [Am. J. Pathol.]{.underline} 163:2347-2370,
     2003.

225. Geisbert, T.W., Hensley, L.E., Jahrling, P.B., Larsen T., Geisbert,
     J.B., Paragas, J., Young, H.A., Fredeking, T.M., Rote, W.E., and
     Vlasuk, G.P.: Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant
     inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys.
     [Lancet]{.underline} 362:1953-1958, 2003.

226. Muegge, K., Young, H., Ruscetti, F., and Mikovits, J.: Epigenetic
     control during lymphoid development and immune responses. [Ann. NY
     Acad. Sci]{.underline}. 983:55-70, 2003.

227. Kim, K., Khaled, A.R., Reynolds, D., Young, H.A., Lee, C.K., and
     Durum, S.K.: Characterization of an interleukin-7-dependent thymic
     cell line derived from a p53(-/-) mouse. [J. Immunol.
     Methods]{.underline} 274:177-184, 2003.

228. Krakauer, T., Chen, X., Howard, O.M., and Young, H.A.: RNase
     protection assay for the study of the differential effects of
     therapeutic agents in suppressing staphylococcal enterotoxin
     B-induced cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
     [Methods Mol. Biol.]{.underline} 214:151-164, 2003.

229. Gamero, A.M., Young, H.A., and Wiltrout, R.H.: Inactivation of
     Stat3 in tumor cells: releasing a brake on immune responses against
     cancer? [Cancer Cell]{.underline} 5:111-112, 2004.

230. Albright, J.W., Bream, J.H., Bere, E.W., Young, H.A.,
     Winkler-Pickett, R., and Ortaldo, J.R.: Aging of innate immunity:
     functional comparisons of NK/LAK cells obtained from bulk cultures
     of young and aged mouse spleen cells in high concentrations of
     interleukin-2. [Exp. Gerontol.]{.underline} 39:73-82, 2004.

231. Ortaldo, J.R., Young, H.A., Winkler-Pickett, R.T., Bere, E.W. Jr.,
     Murphy, W.E., and Wiltrout, R.H.: Dissociation of NKT stimulation,
     cytokine induction and NK activation in vivo by the use of distinct
     TcR-binding ceramides. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 172:943-953, 2004.

232. Megjugorac, N.J., Young, H., Amrute, S.B., Olshalsky, S.L., and
     Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P.: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce
     chemokines upon stimulation with Herpes Simplex virus. [J. Leuk.
     Biol.]{.underline} 75:504-514, 2004.

233. Number range CHAPTERJiang, Q., Li, W.Q., Hofmeister, R.R., Young,
     H.A., Hodge, D.R., Keller, J.R., Khaled, A.R., and Durum, S.K.:
     Distinct regions of the interleukin-7 receptor regulate different
     bcl2 family members. [Mol. Cell. Biol.]{.underline} 24:6501-6513,
     2004.

234. Blonder, J., Rodriguez-Galan, M.C., Lucas, D.A., Young, H.A.,
     Issaq, H.J., Veenstra, T.D., Conrads, T.P.: Proteomic investigation
     of natural killer cell microsomes using gas-phase fractionation by
     mass spectrometry. [Biochim Biophys Acta]{.underline}. 1698:87-95,
     2004.

235. Number range CHAPTERBlonder, J., Rodriguez-Galan, M.C., Chan, K.C.,
     Lucas, D.A., Yu, L-R., Conrads, T.P., Issaq, H.J., Young, H.A., and
     Veenstra, T.D.: Analysis of murine natural killer cells microsomal
     proteins using two dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to
     tandem ESI mass spectrometry. [J. Proteome Res.]{.underline}
     3:862-870, 2004.

236. Young, H.A. and Hodge, D.L.: Interferon-γ. [Encyclopedia of
     Hormones]{.underline}. Drs. Helen L. Henry and Anthony W. Norman
     (Ed). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, Vol: 2, pp: Number range
     CHAPTER391-397, 2004.

237. Warfield, K.L., Perkins, J.G., Swenson, D.L., Deal, E.M., Bosio,
     C.M., Yokoyama, W.M., Aman, M.J., Young, H.A., and Bavari, S.: Role
     of natural killer cells in innate protection against lethal Ebola
     virus infection. [J. Exp. Med.]{.underline} 200:l69-179, 2004.

238. Zhang, X., Rodriguez-Galan, M.C., Subleski, J., Ortaldo, J., Hodge,
     D.L., Wang, J.M., Shimozato, O., Reynolds, D.A., and Young, H.A.:
     Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor-γ and its ligands
     attenuate biological functions of human natural killer cells.
     [Blood]{.underline} 104:3276-3284, 2004.

239. Number range CHAPTERMoayeri, M., Martinez, N.W., Wiggins, J.,
     Young, H.A., and Leppla, S.H.: Mouse susceptibility to anthrax
     lethal toxin is influenced by genetic factors in addition to those
     controlling macrophage sensitivity. [Infect. Immun.]{.underline}
     72:4439-4447, 2004.

240. Number range CHAPTERBream, J.H., Hodge, D.L., Gonsky, R., Spolski,
     R., Leonard, W.J., Krebs, S., Targan, S., Morinobu, A., O\'Shea,
     J.J., and Young, H.A.: A distal region in the IFN-gamma gene is a
     site of epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional regulation by
     IL-2. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 279:41249-41257, 2004.

241. Wessells, J., Baer, M., Young, H.A., Claudio, E., Brown, K.,
     Siebenlist, U., and Johnson, P.F.: BCL-3 and NK-κB p50 attenuate
     Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.
     [J. Biol. Chem]{.underline}. 279: 49995-50003, 2004.

242. Number range CHAPTERSrisodsai, A., Kurotani, R., Chiba, Y., Sheikh,
     F., Young, H.A., Donnelly, R.P., and Kimura, S.: Interleukin-10
     induces uteroglobin-related protein (UGRP) 1 gene expression in
     lung epithelial cells through homeodomain transcription factor
     T/EBP/NKX2.1. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 279: 54358-54368, 2004.

243. Gonsky, R., Deem, R.L., Bream, J., Young, H.A., Targan, S.R.:
     Enhancer role of STAT5 in CD2 activation of IFN-gamma gene
     expression. [J. Immunol.]{.underline} 173: 6241-6247, 2004.

244. Cote-Sierra, J., Foucras, G., Guo, L., Chiodetti, L., Young, H.A.,
     Hu-Li, J., Zhu, J., Paul, W.E.: Interleukin 2 plays a central role
     in Th2 differentiation. PNAS USA, 101: 3880-3885, 2004.

245. Number range CHAPTEROrtaldo, J.R., and Young, H.A.: Mouse Ly49 NK
     receptors: balancing activation and inhibition. [Mol.
     Immunol.]{.underline} 42:445-450, 2005.

246. Lyakh, L.A., Sanford, M., Chekol, S., Young, H.A., and Roberts,
     A.B.: TGF-beta and vitamin D3 utilize distinct pathways to suppress
     IL-12 production and modulate rapid differentiation of human
     monocytes into CD83+ dendritic cells. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}
     174: 2061-2070, 2005.

247. Rodriguez-Galan, M.C., Bream, J.H., Farr, A., and Young, H.A.:
     Synergistic effect of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-18 on thymocyte apoptosis
     and Th1/Th2 cytokine expression. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}174:
     2796-2804, 2005.

248. Malolanarasimhan, K., Lai, C.C., Kelley, J.A., Iaccarino, L.,
     Reynolds, D., Young, H.A., and Marquez, V.E.: Synthesis and
     biological study of a flavone acetic acid analogue containing an
     azido reporting group designed as a multifunctional binding site
     probe. [Bioorg. Med. Chem.]{.underline} 13: 2717-2722, 2005.

249. Krakauer, T., Chen, X., Howard, O.M., and Young, H.A.: Triptolide
     attenuates endotoxin- and staphylococcal exotoxin-induced T-cell
     proliferation and production of cytokines and chemokines.
     [Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol.]{.underline} 27: 53-66, 2005.

250. Ichiki, H., Hoshino, T., Kinoshita, T., Imaoka, H., Kato, S.,
     Inoue, H., Nakamura, H., Yodoi, J., Young, H.A., and Aizawa, H.:
     Thioredoxin suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness and airway
     inflammation in asthma. [Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun]{.underline}.
     334: 1141-1148, 2005.

251. Brittingham, K.C., Ruthel, G., Panchal, R.G., Fuller, C.L., Ribot,
     W.J., Hoover, T.A., Young, H.A., Anderson, A.O., and Bavari, S.:
     Dendritic cells endocytose bacillus anthracis spores: implications
     for anthrax pathogenesis. [J. Immunol]{.underline}. 174:5545-5552,
     2005.

252. Gao, Z., Chiao, P., Zhang, X., Lazar, M., Seto, E., Young, H.A.,
     and Ye, J.: Coactivators and corepressors of NF-KB in 1KB alpha
     gene promoter. [J. Biol. Chem.]{.underline} 280:21091-21098, 2005.

253. Youn, H.S., Lee, J.Y., Fitzgerald, K.A., Young, H.A., Akira, S.,
     and Hwang, D.H.: Specific inhibition of MyD88-independent signaling
     pathways of TLR3 and TLR4 by resveratrol: Molecular targets are
     TBK1 and RIP1 in TRIF complex. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}
     175:3339-3346, 2005.

254. Khaled, A.R., Bulavin, D.V., Kittipatarin, C., Li, W.Q., Alvarez,
     M., Kim, K., Young, H.A., Fornace, A.J., and Durum, S.K.:
     Cytokine-driven cell cycling is mediated through Cdc25A. [J. Cell
     Biol.]{.underline} 169:755-763, 2005.

255. Ortaldo, J.R., Winkler-Pickett, R., Wigginton, J., Horner, M.,
     Bere, E.W., Mason, A.T., Bhat, N., Cherry, J., Sanford, M., Hodge,
     D.L., and Young, H.A.: Regulation of ITAM positive receptors: role
     of IL-12 and IL-18. [Blood]{.underline} 107: 1468-1475, 2006.

256. Gamero, A.M., Hodge, D.L., Reynolds, D.L., Reynolds, D.M.,
     Rodriguez-Galan, M.C., Mohamadzadeh, M., and Young, H.A.:
     Interferon-γ: gene and protein structure, transcription regulation,
     and actions. In: [The Interferons: characterization and
     application]{.underline}. A. Meager (Ed), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &
     Co, 2006, pp. 85-112.

257. Young, H.A. and Ortaldo, J.R.: Cytokines as critical co-stimulatory
     molecules in modulating the immune response of natural killer
     cells. [Cell Res]{.underline}. 16: 20-24, 2006.

258. Adachi, M., Kurotani, R., Morimura, K., Shah, Y., Sanford, M.,
     Madison, B.B., Gumucio, D.L., Marin, H.E., Peters, J.M., Young,
     H.A., and Gonzalez, F.J.: PPARγ in colonic epithelial cells
     protects against experimental inflammatory bowel disease.
     [Gut.]{.underline} \[Epub ahead of print, March 17 2006 as
     10.1136/gut.2005.081745\].

259. Kogkopoulou, O., Tzakos, E., Mavrothalassitis, G., Baldari, C.T.,
     Paliogianni, F., Young, H.A., and Thyphronitis, G.: Conditional
     upregulation of IL-2 production by p38 MAPK inactivation is
     mediated by increased Erk 1/2 activity. [J. Immunol.]{.underline}
     2006 Feb 14, \[Epub ahead of print\].

260. Gonsky, R., Deem, R.L., Bream, J., Young, H.A., and Targan, S.R.:
     An IFNG SNP with an estrogen-like response element selectively
     enhances promoter expression in peripheral but not lamina propria T
     cells. [Genes & Immunity]{.underline} 1-10, 2006.

261. Young, H.A.: Unraveling the pros and cons of interferon-gamma gene
     regulation. [Immunity]{.underline} 24: 506-507, 2006.

262. Young, H.A. and Tovey, M.G.: TL1A: A mediator of gut inflammation.
     PNAS 103: 8303-8304, 2006.

263. Ortaldo, J.R., and Young, H.A.: IL-18 as critical co-stimultory
     molecules in modulating the immune response of ITAM bearing
     lympohcytes. [Sem. Immunol.]{.underline} PMID: 166789434 2006.

264. Hodge, D.L., Subleski, J.J., Reynolds, D.A., Buschman, M.D.,
     Schill, W.B., Burkett, M.W., Malyguine, A.M., and Young, H.A.: The
     proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 alters multiple signaling
     pathways to inhibit natural killer cell death. [J. Interferon
     Cytokine Res.]{.underline} 26: 706-718, 2006.

265. Number range CHAPTERCoppola, V., Barrick, C.A., Bobisse, S.,
     Rodriguez-Galan, M.C., Pivetta, M., Reynolds, D., Howard, O.M.,
     Palko, M.E., Esteban, P.F., Young, H.A., Rosato, A., and
     Tessarollo, L.: The scaffold protein Cybr is required for
     cytokine-modulated trafficking of leukocytes in vivo. [Mol. Cell.
     Biol.]{.underline} 26: 5249-5258, 2006.

266. Number range CHAPTERGamero, A.M., Hodge, D.L., Reynolds, D.M.,
     Rodriguez-Galan, M.C., Mohamadzadeh, M., and Young, H.A.:
     Interferon-γ: Gene and protein structure, transcription regulation,
     and actions (p 85-111). Meager, A. (Ed). In: The Interferons. DOI:
     10.1002/3527608206, 2007.

267. 

[SUBMITTED / IN PRESS]{.underline}

1.  Khabar, K.S., and Young, H.A.: Post-transcriptional control of the
    interferon system. Biochimie, in press, 2007.

2.  Berthel, C., Rodriguez-Galan, M.C., Hodge, D.L., Gooya, J., Pascal,
    V., Young, H., Keller, J., Bosselut, R., and Kaldis, Ph.:
    Hematopoiesis and thymic apoptosis are not affected by the loss of
    Cdk2. [MCB]{.underline}, in press.

3.  Number range CHAPTERRodriguez-Galan, M.C., Reynolds, D., Iribarren,
    P., Watanabe, M. and Young, H.: Cancer Immunotherapy: Consequences
    of the use of IL-12 and IL-18 cDNA expression vectors for cancer
    therapy. [Undergoing revision 3/07.]{.underline}

4.  Ortaldo, J.R., Mason, A., Willette-Brown, J., Ruscetti, F.W., Wine,
    J., Back T., Stull, T., Bere, E.W., Feigenbaum, L., Winkler-Pickett,
    R., and Young, H.A.: Modulation of lymphocyte function with
    inhibitory CD2: Loss of NK and NKT function. [Submitted to Blood,
    2/15/07.]{.underline}

5.  Number range CHAPTERYoung, H.A., Romero-Weaver, A.L., Savan, R.,
    Maher, S.G., and Weiss, J.M.: [Interferon-γ. Type II
    Cytokines]{.underline}, in press, 2007.

6.  Number range CHAPTERYoung, H.A. and Bream, J.H.: IFN-γ: Recent
    advances in understanding regulation of expression, biological
    functions and clinical applications. [Curr. Top. Microbiol.
    Immunol.]{.underline}, in press.

7.  Hoshino, T., Kato, S., Oka, N., Imaoka, H., Kinoshita, T., Takei,
    S., Kitasato, Y., Kawayama, T., Imaizumi, T., Yamada, K., Young,
    H.A., Airzawa, H. Pulmonary Inflammation and Emphysema: Role of the
    Cytokines IL-18 and IL-13. [Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care
    Med.]{.underline}, in press, 2007.