# Material Estimate

The material in the PP1A-PP1B region can be approximated by nine disks
of material located at:

Inner Outer

Radius Radius Average Z

[Disk]{.underline} [Name]{.underline} [(mm)]{.underline}
[(mm)]{.underline} [(mm)]{.underline}

1 Flange Assembly and Studs 230.0 239.5 3094

2 Bulkhead Seal 70.0 238.8 3099

3 Bulkhead and Feedthroughs 80.0 227.5 3094

4 Bulkhead Center Support 56.8 77.0 3103

5 Center Bellows 46.7 58.8 3150

6 Bellows to Beam Pipe 34.7 62.3 3210

7 Pipes, Fiber Optics, & Cables 91.0 250.0 3230

8 Pipes, Fiber Optics, & Cables 250.0 330.0 3250

9 Pipes, Fiber Optics, & Cables 330.0 435.0 3350

The contents and description of each disk are:

Disk 1, Flange Assembly and Studs

The flange assembly, which is a narrow ring of carbon fiber, attaches to
the PP1 bulkhead with the studs. LBNL drawing 2500053.

Disk 2, Bulkhead Seal

This aluminum pieces provides the gas seal for the PP1 bulkhead
quadrants, and is very non-uniform in phi. LBNL drawing ag0452.

Disk 3, Bulkhead and Feedthroughs

-   PP1 Bulkhead itself. LBNL drawing ag0450.

-   Coolant Return Pipe Feedthroughs (6 pieces)

-   Coolant Supply Pipe Feedthroughs (7 pieces, including
    Filter/Pressure Drop)

-   Fiber Optic Cable Feedthroughs (4 pieces)

-   Copper Striplines and Feedthroughs

-   Beam Pipe Adjusters

Disk 4, Bulkhead Center Support

This aluminum ring connects the PP1 bulkhead to the bellows around the
beam pipe. LBNL drawing ag0451.

Disk 5, Center Bellows

This nickel bellows allows for axial movement between the PP1 bulkhead
and the beam pipe. LBNL drawing ag0451.

Disk 6, Bellows to Beam Pipe

This plastic pieces connects the center bellows to the beam pipe.

Disk 7, Coolant Pipes, Fiber Optic Cables, and Electrical Cables
(R=9.1-25 cm)

The electrical cables go axially about 5 cm to Z=325 cm, and then
radially about 10 cm to R=25 cm. For simplicity, the same is assumed for
the coolant pipes and fiber optic cables (which have much less mass than
the electrical cables). The length of the pipes, fiber optics and cables
are 15 cm in this region. The electrical power cables were changed from
AWG 22 to AWG 26 in order to reduce the amount of material. Included in
this disk are:

-   Coolant Return Pipes

-   Coolant Supply Pipes

-   Fiber Optic Cables

-   Electrical Cables (AWG 26 Power, AWG 26 Sense, AWG 30 HV/Temp)

Disk 8, Coolant Pipes, Fiber Optic Cables, and Electrical Cables
(R=25-33 cm)

The coolant pipes, fiber optic cables and electrical cables go radially
8 cm to R=33 cm, at Z=325 cm. Their length is 8 cm in this region.
Included in this disk are:

-   Coolant Return Pipes

-   Coolant Supply Pipes

-   Fiber Optic Cables

-   Electrical Cables (AWG 26 Power, AWG 26 Sense, AWG 30 HV/Temp)

Disk 9, Coolant Pipes, Fiber Optic Cables, and Electrical Cables
(R=33-43.5 cm)

The coolant pipes, fiber optic cables and electrical cables go radially
\~5 cm, axially 20 cm, and azimuthally \~42 cm, for a total of 67 cm in
this region. The azimuthal routing follows from the layout of the PP1B
region provided by others. One might be able to reduce this length of 67
cm, but not before a more detailed study is made. Disk 9 approximates a
cylinder of delta_R=10.5 cm (R=33 to 43.5 cm), L=20 cm (Z=325 to 345
cm), in which the pipes, fibers and cables are mainly axial and
azimuthal, and which contains electrical cable and cooling pipe
connectors. The copper electrical cables, since a lot of their length is
concentrated in this radially narrow disk (10.5 cm), contribute a lot of
material to this disk. The electrical cable connectors also contribute a
lot of material to this disk.

> Included in this disk are:

-   Coolant Return Pipes

-   Coolant Supply Pipes

-   Coolant Return Pipe Connectors

-   Coolant Supply Pipe Connectors

-   Fiber Optic Cables

-   Electrical Cables (AWG 26 Power, AWG 26 Sense, AWG 30 HV/Temp)

-   Electrical Cable Connectors (from Mauro Citterio, May 5, 2003)

In the calculation of the material for each disk, the following
assumptions were made:

-   All material is averaged over phi, so the results are given for
    disks of a specified inner and outer radius. The normalization area
    used is the area of the disk.

-   The amount of material is that seen by particles perpendicular to
    the disks.

-   The coolant pipes, fiber optic cables and electrical cables go from
    PP1A to R=435 mm, Z=3450 mm, and are each 90 cm in length.

The amount of material in the nine disks is calculated to be (Version 6
of the Excel spreadsheet, May 27, 2003):

**Inner Outer Radiation**

**Radius Radius Lengths**

**[Disk]{.underline} [Name]{.underline} [(mm)]{.underline}
[(mm)]{.underline} [(%)]{.underline}**

**1 Flange Assembly and Studs 230.0 239.5 3.5**

**2 Bulkhead Seal 70.0 238.8 1.2**

**3 Bulkhead and Feedthroughs 80.0 227.5 17.1**

**4 Bulkhead Center Support 56.8 77.0 7.5**

**5 Center Bellows 46.7 58.8 19.8**

**6 Bellows to Beam Pipe 34.7 62.3 3.5**

**7 Pipes, Fiber Optics, & Cables 91.0 250.0 8.0**

**8 Pipes, Fiber Optics, & Cables 250.0 330.0 5.0**

**9 Pipes, Fiber Optics, & Cables 330.0 435.0 50.3**

The chemical composition of each of the nine disks was also calculated.
For the chemical composition calculation we assumed: peek is C, plastic
is C, BeCu is Cu, solder is Pb60Sn40 by weight, and we ignored the glass
fibers. The densities used were:

[Element]{.underline} [Density (g/cm3)]{.underline}
[Element]{.underline} [Density (g/cm3)]{.underline}

C 2.200 Cu 8.960

Fe 7.874 Pb 11.350

Al 2.699 Sn 7.310

Ni 8.902

The chemical composition of the nine disks is calculated to be (Version
6 of the Excel spreadsheet, May 27, 2003):

![](media/image1.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.4222222222222222in"}

![](media/image2.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.6006944444444444in"}

Disk 1:

![](media/image3.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.20555555555555555in"}

Disk 2:

![](media/image4.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.20555555555555555in"}

Disk 3:

![](media/image5.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.20555555555555555in"}

Disk 4:

![](media/image6.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.20555555555555555in"}

Disk 5:

![](media/image7.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.20555555555555555in"}

Disk 6:

![](media/image8.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.20555555555555555in"}

Disk 7:

![](media/image9.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.20555555555555555in"}

Disk 8:

![](media/image10.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.20555555555555555in"}

Disk 9:

![](media/image11.pct){width="6.497222222222222in"
height="0.20555555555555555in"}

A plot of the material vs. pseudorapidity is given in Figure 1. This
shows a comparison of the material used in Data Challenge 1(DC1) for
which a conceptual design of the PP1 region did not exist and the
current estimate.

![](media/image12.png){width="5.148611111111111in"
height="5.031944444444444in"}

Figure 1. Material vs pseudorapidity for the PP1 region.