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**California Egg Quality Assurance Program** **(CEQAP)**

**Certification Test**

This is a take home test. We suggest that you read the questions first
and then view the video tapes of the educational sessions. You should
also view the USDA video tape on Biosecurity for the Poultry Industry
(#1 - What is Biosecurity? and #3 - Egg Laying Operations). You are
welcome to refer to any references which you have available. We
recommend that you review the material in the California Egg Quality
Assurance Program (CEQAP) Handbook which is available for \$25 from the
Pacific Egg & Poultry Association, 1521 "I" Street, Sacramento, CA
95814; phone 916/441-0801.

Be sure to answer all of the questions and mail this test to Ralph
Ernst, Poultry Specialist, Department of Animal Science, University of
California, Davis, CA 95616-8521. A score of 90% or higher is required
for certification as a quality assurance supervisor for the CEQAP. You
can repeat the test if you do not achieve certification on your first
try.

**Program Structure and Plan Development**

**1. The California Egg Quality Assurance Plan specifies that
participants [must]{.underline}**

**(check all that apply):**

\_\_\_\_a. designate farm or processing plant representative as the
official quality assurance supervisor(s) for the plan.

\_\_\_\_b. develop a quality assurance plan for each farm or egg
processing plant.

\_\_\_\_c. submit the plan(s) to California Department of Food &
Agriculture (CDFA) for approval.

\_\_\_\_d. have the quality assurance supervisor(s) attend at least one
continuing education session every

two years.

\_\_\_\_e. maintain the records required by your approved plan.

\_\_\_\_f. disinfect all poultry houses monthly.

\_\_\_\_g. send a copy of your plan to your regional USDA office for
their files.

\_\_\_\_h. administer a competitive exclusion product to replacement
chicks at the hatchery.

\_\_\_\_i. vaccinate pullets for *Salmonella enteritidis*.

\_\_\_\_j. retain a veterinarian.

\_\_\_\_k. use all medications and pesticides according to label
directions or under veterinary supervision.

\_\_\_\_l. develop a biosecurity program for the farm.

\_\_\_\_m. maintain a flock health program.

\_\_\_\_n. monitor for rodents at least once per month and maintain a
record of results.

\_\_\_\_o. enroll your farm/ranch in the National Poultry Improvement
Plan.

\_\_\_\_p. obtain feed from mills which follow "Good Manufacturing
Practices and the Recommended *Salmonella* Control for Processors of
Poultry Feeds" as developed by the American Feed Industry Association.

**True/False: circle the correct answer.**

T F 1. Participation in the CEQAP is a USDA requirement.

T F 2. The CEQAP is funded primarily by fees charged to farmers.

T F 3. The CEQAP is a voluntary program which was developed by a team
from industry, government agencies and the University of California.

T F 4. Once I have been certified as a QA supervisor I will not be
required to attend more educational meetings to maintain certification.

T F 5. Chickens subjected to stressful conditions have been shown to be
more susceptible to

*Salmonella* challenge.

T F 6. The records which you are required to keep for the CEQAP are
primarily for the benefit of USDA and should not be used by the farm to
make management decisions.

T F 7. Public health officials are concerned about *Salmonella* control
in animal products because people can become seriously ill and even die
from a *Salmonella* infection.

T F 8. In developing your flock plan be sure to make it specific to your
farm or plant and your conditions.

T F 9. The QA Supervisor is responsible for annual training of ranch
employees in appropriate biosecurity procedures and documentation of
this training.

T F 10. Farm or ranch plans for the CEQAP are public documents and must
be kept in the California Department of Food and Agriculture office.

T F 11. Some parts of this program may be modified in the future as new
information becomes available.

T F 12. The CEQAP has an advisory committee composed of industry, agency
and University people to provide guidance for the program.

T F 13. Oversight for the CEQAP is provided by the California Department
of Food and Agriculture (CDFA).

T F 14. A veterinarian from the CDFA will visit all ranches at the
appropriate intervals to assure that they are following their plan.

T F 15. You don't need to keep the records specified in your farm plan
unless someone calls and indicates that they will come to review your
quality assurance program.

T F 16. Help in plan development can be obtained from U.C. Cooperative
Extension Specialists or the plan consultant David Goldenberg.

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**California Egg Quality Assurance Program (CEQAP)**

**Biosecurity, Cleaning and Disinfection Certification Test**

**True/False: circle the correct answer**.

T F 1. For purposes of this quality assurance program, biosecurity is
all of the measures taken to prevent entry of disease agents into your
flocks.

T F 2. A biosecurity program has three major components, 1) farm
isolation, 2) traffic control, and 3) sanitation.

T F 3. Dry cleaning is the recommended method for removing dried egg
matter.

T F 4. Replacement chicks must be purchased from a hatchery which
participates in the NPIP *Salmonella* monitoring program.

T F 5. Only necessary visitors should be allowed into chicken houses.

T F 6. Human and vehicle traffic probably pose the two greatest risks
for introduction of disease agents to your farm.

T F 7. If you visit another poultry producer you should shower and
change into clean clothing before visiting and before re-entering your
bird facilities.

T F 8. If you visit other bird facilities you should always wear
disposable boots or rubber boots (subsequently cleaned and disinfected)
to protect your shoes from contamination.

T F 9. Experienced growers can **[always]{.underline}** tell if chickens
are infected with a virus by looking for signs of disease.

T F 10. Some visitors such as feed truck drivers are not likely to carry
disease so it is all right to let them inside your laying houses.

T F 11. You should always clean equipment before attempting to disinfect
it.

T F 12. The objective of sanitation is to reduce microbial load,
exposure to pathogens and the risk of disease.

T F 13. Your farm well should be properly sealed and you should not
locate manure piles, burial pits for mortality, or septic tanks close to
your well.

T F 14. Chlorine is rapidly inactivated by dirt and works best on clean
surfaces.

T F. 15. Household bleach is about 5% chlorine, but it is always best to
check the label to determine the level of active ingredient when mixing
chlorine solutions for disinfection.

T F 16. The main reason to avoid using pressure sprayers in laying
houses containing hens is that the sprayers may get the birds wet.

T F 17. Hot water (200^o^F) pressure spray is more effective at killing
bacteria than cold water.

T F 18. It is best to have 2 to 4 days or more of down time following
cleaning and disinfection, before birds are introduced.

T F 19. Rotating low pH with high pH compatible disinfectants has been
shown to be more effective than continually using the same disinfectant.

T F 20. To know how much disinfectant you will need, use only the square
footage of the house.

T F 21. The most common disinfectant used for *Salmonella enteritidis*
control is carbolic acid which is a phenol.

T F 22. Formaldehyde is an excellent disinfectant but can only be used
under carefully controlled conditions due to its human toxicity.

T F 23. The use of shower in/shower out facilities, foot pans, and
disposable hats, boots and coveralls can all be part of a good
biosecurity program.

T F 24. Stocking multiple ages in the same house is recommended because
it will help develop early immunity in the younger birds.

T F 25. One good disease surveillance procedure is to monitor the flock
by use of blood testing procedures.

T F 26. Environmental sampling for *Salmonella enteritidis* is a
requirement of the CEQAP.

T F 27. Culturing of chick box papers is a recommended procedure to
assure that you have obtained *Salmonella enteritidis* free chicks from
the hatchery.

T F 28. Spilled feed can be allowed to build up throughout the life of a
cage laying flock since it is on the floor where birds can't reach it.

T F 29. One of the three major steps in cleaning and disinfection is
removal of debris.

30\. Examples of things to sanitize are (check all that apply):

\_\_\_\_ a. visitors' boots

\_\_\_\_ b. delivery trucks, bird crates or transport cages

\_\_\_\_ c. equipment which has been on another farm

\_\_\_\_ d. soil between buildings

\_\_\_\_ e. wheels on delivery vehicles

\_\_\_\_ f. waterers

\_\_\_\_ g. fiber egg flats

\_\_\_\_ h. manure piles

\_\_\_\_ i. brooder houses

31\. Infectious diseases can be spread from farm to farm by (check all
that apply):

\_\_\_\_\_ a. people

\_\_\_\_\_ b. pets

\_\_\_\_\_ c. rodents

\_\_\_\_\_ d. wild birds

\_\_\_\_\_ e. chicken crates

\_\_\_\_\_ f. dirty equipment

\_\_\_\_\_ g. insects

\_\_\_\_\_ h. contaminated feed or feed sacks

\_\_\_\_\_ i movement of eggs or poultry

\_\_\_\_\_ j. rendering trucks and dead birds

\_\_\_\_\_ k. impure water

\_\_\_\_\_ l. dirty egg flats

\_\_\_\_\_ m. chicken dust or feathers

\_\_\_\_\_ n. manure

\_\_\_\_\_ o. dirty vehicles

32\. Chlorination of the drinking water kills bacteria and inhibits
growth of algae. If used, a level of \_\_\_\_\_ppm chlorine is
recommended when measured in the most distant drinker

for controlling coliform bacteria in the water.

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**California Egg Quality Assurance Program (CEQAP)**

**Rodent Control** **Certification Test**

**Circle the correct answer**:

T F 1. The house mouse, Norway rat and roof rat may be involved in
spreading diseases to chickens and man.

T F 2. Rodents do not see well and use their sense of touch, smell,
hearing, and taste as a primary mode of guidance.

T F 3. The cost of rodent damage to poultry operations can easily exceed
the cost of a rodent management program if an effective monitoring and
control program is not being used.

T F 4. Monitoring rodent populations is a very important part of a good
Salmonella reduction plan.

T F 5. Rats or mice seldom use the same trail or runway.

T F 6. A rodent's home range is as far as it must travel to get food,
water and harborage, and varies from site to site.

T F 7. Eliminating outside debris, old equipment piles, weeds and leaky
faucets does not effect the extent of inside rodent populations.

T F 8. Multiple-capture mouse traps, such as the Victor tin cat or
Ketch-all are effective in detecting and assisting in the control of
mice.

T F 9. The best place to bait rodents is next to the feeders.

T F 10. Rodent baits must be used in accordance with label
specifications.

T F 11. Anticoagulants are generally not associated with bait shyness
problems while toxicants like zinc phosphide are.

T F 12. Non-anticoagulant baits like zinc phosphide, bromethalin and
cholecalciferol are the best choice for clean out programs.

T F 13. Spilled feed can attract rodents.

T F 14. There is a regional variation in rodent food preferences. It is
useful to try several bait types (pelleted, grain or block) to determine
the most effective bait for your ranch.

T F 15. Roof rats can be distinguished from Norway rats by their longer
tails, pointed nose and longer ears.

T F 16. Mice, unlike rats, can survive without water although they will
drink water if it is available.

T F 17. Rats are good swimmers and may enter buildings through sewer
pipes if vents are not rat proof.

T F 18. The house mouse, roof rat and Norway rat are often called
comensal rodents.

T F 19. The gestation period for roof or Norway rats is about one year.

T F 20. Rodents can be most effectively observed in poultry buildings
the first two hours after sunset and the last two hours before sunrise.

T F 21. Rats and mice defecate, urinate and shed hair everywhere they
go.

T F 22. Bait shyness may be passed from parents to offspring for up to
three generations.

T F 23. Rats can jump vertically more than 28 inches.

T F 24. Mice are more neophobic (afraid of new things in their
environment) than rats.

T F 25. Use of 3/4 to 1 inch in diameter gravel, 6 inches deep and 8
inches wide, along foundations will prevent rodents burrowing under
walls of houses.

T F 26. Pre-baiting is recommended with non-anticoagulent rodenticides.

**Choose the single best response:**

27\. Rodent monitoring (inspections) can be done visually by looking for

a\. rodents

b\. rodent droppings

c\. rodent burrows

d\. rodent tracks

e\. rub marks

f\. gnaw marks

g\. all of the above

28\. The appearance of rodent droppings is important in distinguishing
between rats and mice. Which is the correct statement?

a\. Rat droppings are 7/8 to1 inch long and house mouse 1/16 to 3/16
inch long.

b\. Rat droppings are 3/4 to 1-1/4 inch long and house mouse 3/16 to 1/2
inch long.

c\. Rat droppings are black and mouse droppings are brown.

d\. Rat droppings are 1/3 to 3/4 inch long and house mouse 3/16 to 1/2
inch long.

29\. Exclusion of rodents from attics, insulated wall spaces, stored
feed and other food or water sources can best be accomplished with

a\. steel wool

b\. 1 inch poultry netting

c\. 1/2 x 1/2 inch hardware cloth

d\. 1/4 x 1/4 inch hardware cloth or galvanized sheet metal

30\. Multiple-capture mouse traps, such as the Victor tin cat or
Ketch-all are very effective in detecting and assisting in the control
of mice. Traps could be placed

a\. inside doorways

b\. beside all openings to the outside or between houses

c\. where rodent activity is observed

d\. in storage rooms

e\. all of the above

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**California Egg Quality Assurance Program (CEQAP)**

**Flock Health Certification Test**

**True/False: circle the correct answer.**

T F 1. It is recommended that a sample of mortality be taken to a CVDLS
laboratory for examination occasionally even if severe mortality is not
observed.

T F 2. Growers should watch their birds for overt (external) signs of
disease.

T F 3. The California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System (CVDLS)
maintains four laboratories in California which accept poultry. These
are located in Davis, Turlock, Fresno and San Bernardino.

T F 4. The CVDLS laboratories are full service laboratories which can
provide post mortem examination, microbiology (culture of samples),
virology, clinical chemistry, serology and chemical analysis.

T F 5. The CVDLS is supported by the State of California to maintain
disease surveillance and assist the livestock industries in control of
disease problems.

T F 6. You can't use the CVDLS laboratory if you don't have a consulting
veterinarian.

T F 7. The CVDLS laboratories don't test feed for mycotoxins, feed
samples would have to be sent to a private laboratory.

T F 8. An emergency disease plan should include knowing who you are
going to call for diagnostic and treatment help, how the flock(s) are
going to be isolated and who needs to be notified.

T F 9. The diagnostic laboratory (CVDLS) is only of value in obtaining a
post-mortem evaluation of sick and dead birds.

T F 10. Once good flock health programs are in place, written records
become unnecessary.

T F 11. It is not necessary to vaccinate for all diseases possible. At
times using unnecessary vaccines can be harmful to the flock.

T F 12. Good health management depends on a sound knowledge of the
nature and origins of diseases.

T F 13. Some infectious disease agents are so virulent (able to cause
disease) that they can overcome almost all preventive measures.

T F 14. It is important to feed good quality, balanced diets to maintain
healthy birds.

T F 15. Stress can be caused by extreme heat or cold, lack of food or
water, overcrowding, changing penmates, excess ammonia in the air,
vitamin deficiencies or mineral deficiencies.

T F 16. Chickens experiencing stressful conditions are more likely to
get sick if they are exposed to pathogenic bacteria.

T F 17. The CEQAP requires that you keep a daily record of mortality in
your flock(s).

T F 18. Maintaining healthy stock is one method of assuring that eggs
produced on your facility will have a minimum of bacterial
contamination.

T F 19. One of the bird's natural defense systems\--the beating cilia
lining the trachea\--can be destroyed by high ammonia levels in houses.

T F 20. Reliable information sources such as a consulting veterinarian,
Cooperative Extension, your local diagnostic laboratory and your
supplier of vaccines and medications are essential to effective health
management planning.

T F 21. All of the significant diseases are caused by infectious agents.

T F 22. Vaccines must be stored properly and used by the expiration date
on the package but a few weeks after the expiration is all right.

T F 23. Diseases that do not cause obvious signs of disease in a flock
are of no significance.

T F 24. The area for accumulating dead birds for disposal should be as
far as possible from your bird housing.

T F 25. Employing a qualified consulting veterinarian and nutritionist
is recommended and should allow the producer to optimize flock
productivity and product quality.

T F 26. Management plays no role in the occurrence of ammonia blindness
in a pullet grow-out operation.

T F 27. Vaccinating and beak trimming service crews should be left to do
their jobs without interference.

T F 28. Salmonellosis is an example of a disease with numerous potential
origins (e.g. breeders, hatchery, contaminated premises, biological or
mechanical carriers, etc.).

T F 29. Many poultry health problems are caused by errors in management
rather than by bacteria or viruses.

T F 30. It is unreasonable to expect the diagnostic laboratory to have
knowledge of producer needs and perspectives.

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**California Egg Quality Assurance Program (CEQAP)**

**Insect Vector Control** **Certification Test**

**Circle the correct answer:**

T F 1. The Northern Fowl Mite can complete its entire life cycle on
chickens.

T F 2. Larvae of the darkling beetle (*Alphitobius diaperinus*) have
been found to harbor a number of disease organisms including Fowl Pox,
Newcastle Disease, *E. coli* and *Salmonella*.

T F 3. Red mites and fowl ticks are blood sucking parasites which live
in the environment and feed on birds (usually during the night).

T F 4. The lesser house fly (*Fannia canicularis*) can reproduce at
lower temperatures than the common house fly (*Musca domestica*).

T F 5. The common house fly has been shown to transmit several disease
agents.

T F 6. The continued use of insecticides for fly control on poultry
farms may lead to insecticide resistance problems.

T F 7. To be effective, fly control programs should be based on good
manure management (e.g. manure drying or composting).

T F 8. The lesser house fly (Fannia) is about 2/3 as large as the house
fly (Musca) and often adults are seen hovering in shady areas.

T F 9. All common fly types reproduce from eggs which hatch into larvae;
the larvae change into pupae and adults emerge from the pupal case.

T F 10. When conditions are ideal the house fly cycle can be completed
in 7 to 10 days.

T F 11. The pupal case of the lesser house fly is smaller than that of
the house fly and is flatter with small projections along the sides.

T F 12. The Lesser Mealworm beetle (sometimes called litter beetle) and
the Mealworm beetle are often found on poultry farms.

T F 13. Many of the ectoparasites (external parasites) of poultry are
shared by many bird species (e.g. wild birds like sparrows).

T F 14. The scaly leg mite lives on the legs of birds and makes the legs
look scaly.

T F 15. Using wire on the sides of your poultry houses which excludes
wild birds can assist in keeping your birds free of external parasites.

T F 16. Chickens don't get lice or fleas so you don't need to worry
about these two parasites.

T F 17. Mosquitos can transmit Fowl Pox.

T F 18. Fly baits can be useful in a fly control program.

T F 19. Permethrin is an insecticide labeled for control of external
poultry parasites and flies.

20 The most common pest fly around poultry ranches in the winter which
can often be seen hovering in shady areas is: (check correct answer)

\_\_\_a. the house fly (Musca)

\_\_\_b. the lesser house fly (Fannia)

\_\_\_c. the flesh fly (Calliphoridae)

\_\_\_d. the black dump fly (Ophyra)

21 The following [external]{.underline} parasites may feed on chickens.
(check all that apply)

\_\_\_a. Northern fowl mites

\_\_\_b. Roost, chicken or red mites

\_\_\_c. Lice

\_\_\_d. Bedbugs

\_\_\_e. Fleas

\_\_\_f. Mosquitos

\_\_\_g. Ticks

\_\_\_h. Scaly leg mite

22\. Larvadex is an effective insecticide that kills (check correct
answer)

\_\_\_a. adult house flies

\_\_\_b. larval house flies

\_\_\_c. pest beetles

\_\_\_d. northern fowl mites

23\. The only biological control organism for fly control that is
available for purchase is

(check best answer):

\_\_\_a. the Carcinops beetle

\_\_\_b. predaceous mites (uropodid and macrochelid)

\_\_\_c. parasitic wasps

\_\_\_d. Entomophthora fungus

24\. Which of the following can affect manure moisture and drying of
manure under the

cage row? (check best answer)

\_\_\_a. genetic strain of bird

\_\_\_b. cage density

\_\_\_c. puddles of water near the house

\_\_\_d. height of the manure

\_\_\_e. weather

\_\_\_f. house design

\_\_\_g. air flow

\_\_\_h. all of the above

25 Which of the following is likely to achieve the [best]{.underline}
prevention of adult fly emergence when the manure contains heavy
concentrations of all developmental stages of the house fly? (check best
answer)

\_\_\_a. immediate removal followed by thin bed drying

\_\_\_b. immediate release of parasitic wasps

\_\_\_c. application of concentrated larvicides

\_\_\_d. immediate removal followed by windrow composting at
temperatures

greater than 115^o^F.

\_\_\_e. immediate removal to a pile covered by a plastic tarp