**Larry D. Bowers, Ph.D.**

Senior Managing Director

United States Anti-Doping Agency

Colorado Springs, CO 80906

(719)-785-2003

**Education:**

> Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA. B.A. (Chemistry)
>
> University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Ph.D. (Chemistry)
>
> University of Oregon Health Sciences Center, Portland, OR.
> Postdoctoral study

**Experience:**

> United States Anti-Doping Agency
>
> [Senior Managing Director]{.smallcaps}, [Technical and Information
> Resources,]{.smallcaps} September, 2000.
>
> Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis
>
> [Professor]{.smallcaps}, Department of Pathology and Laboratory
> Medicine, 1992-2000.
>
> [Director]{.smallcaps}, Athletic Drug Testing and Toxicology
> Laboratory, 1992-2000.
>
> [Professor]{.smallcaps}, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University
> School of Science at Indianapolis, 1993-2000.
>
> Visiting Associate Professor, Cornell University, Equine Drug Testing
> and Toxicology Mass Spectrometry Facility, March - June, 1987.

University of Minnesota, 1978-1992.

> [Professor]{.smallcaps}, Department of Laboratory Medicine and
> Pathology, 1988 - 1992.
>
> [Adjunct Professor]{.smallcaps}, Department of Chemistry, 1984-1992
>
> Facility manager, Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Resource,
> 1981-1992
>
> Member, University of Minnesota University-Industry Cooperative
> Research Center for Biocatalytic Process Technologies, 1984-1992
>
> Postdoctoral Training, University of Oregon Health Sciences Center

**Service Responsibilities:**

> Director, Athletic Drug Testing and Toxicology Laboratory, Indiana
> University (1992-2000).
>
> Assistant Director, Clinical Chemistry Section, University of
> Minnesota (1988-1992)
>
> Director, Drug Analysis Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Section,
> University of Minnesota (1980-92).

**Distinctions:**

World Anti-Doping Agency

> Member, Independent Observer team, Sydney Olympic Games, 2000
>
> Member, Standards and Harmonization Committee, 2000 -- 2002
>
> Chairman, Laboratory Harmonization and Quality Assurance Subcommittee,
> 2001 -- present

Invited Panel Member, Workplace Urine Specimen Validity Testing
Colloquium. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)/ Civil Aerospace
Medical Institute (CAMI), February, 2003.

Member, Working Group on Identification of Substances by GC/MS, LC/MS,
and MS/MS. US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA), September, 2000.

Member, US Food and Drug Administration, Medical Devices Advisory
Committee, 2003--present. (Consultant, 2000-2003)

Chairman, Subcommittee on GC/MS Standards, National Committee for
Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1995--present. Developed document C43-A,
\"Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Confirmation of Drugs;
Approved Guideline.\"

Deputy Director, Anti-Doping Laboratory, Pan American Games, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada, July 1999.

Deputy Director, Athletic Drug Testing Laboratory, XXV Olympic Games,
Atlanta, GA, July 1996.

American Board of Clinical Chemistry -- Certificate in Toxicological
Chemistry #101, 1994; Certificate in Clinical Chemistry #562, 1979.

Laboratory Director Certificate of Qualification (#B10438), New York
State Department of Health, 1994-2000.

***Clinical Chemistry***

Associate Editor, Toxicology/Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 1994-2000

Board of Editors, 1988-1994, 2000-present

Faculty, Advanced Analytical Techniques, Advanced Toxicology Workshop,
American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Baltimore, MD, June, 1998;
Alexandria, VA, 2000.

Chairman, Midwest Association of Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring (MATT) annual meeting, Indianapolis, IN, April, 1997.

Chairman, 18th International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography,
Minneapolis, MN, May , 1994.

Associate member, Commission on Nomenclature, Properties, and Units,
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1995 - present.

Representative, Joint Committee on Education in Toxicology (AACC; SOFT;
CAT), 1996-1999.

Award for Outstanding Contributions to Clinical Chemistry in a Selected
Area of Research, American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 1990.

Board of Editors, ***Therapeutic Drug Monitoring,*** 1992-present.

Faculty Member, AACC course ***Professional Practice in Toxicology: A
Review***, Cincinatti, OH, June 21-25, 1992; June 21-25, 1993; June
20-24 1994; and June 23-26, 1996.

Board of Directors, American Association for Clinical Chemistry,
1989-1991.

Board of Directors, American Board of Clinical Chemistry, 1985-91.

Co-chairman, Selected Topics, AACC/CSCC/IFCC International Meeting. San
Francisco, CA, July,1990.

National Science Foundation Special Molecular Sciences Review Panel, NSF
Science and Technology Center Initiative, April, 1988.

Leroy Sheldon Palmer Award in Chromatography, Minnesota Chromatography
Forum, 1985.

**SELECTED RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS,**

**REVIEWS, AND CHAPTERS**

R.L. Hilderbrand, R. Wanninger, and L.D. Bowers, "An update on
regulatory issues in anti-doping programs in sport." *Curr Sports Med
Rep* 2003; 2: 226-32.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, "Abuse of performance enhancing drugs in
sport." *Ther. Drug Monit.* 2002; 24: 178-81.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline} and D.J. Borts, "Direct measurement of
testosterone and epitestosterone conjugates in urine with HPLC/MS/MS."
*J. Mass Spectrom.* 2000; **35**: 50-61.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, R.S. Black, and D.J. Borts, "Athletic Drug
Testing: An Analyst's View of Science and the Law." Ther. Drug Monit.
2000; 22: 98-102.

R.S. Black and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, Mass spectrometric
characterization of the β -subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin," in
***Protein and Peptide Analysis: New Mass Spectrometric Applications***,
J.R. Chapman, ed., (Humana Press, Towanda, NJ, 2000) 337-54.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, "Oral dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation
can increase the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio." Clin Chem 1999;
45: 295-297.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, "Anabolic agents and sports."*Therapeutic
Drug Monitoring and Toxicology* 1998; 19: 303-19. (American Association
for Clinical Chemistry continuing education peer-reviewed publication).

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, "Athletic Drug Testing,"*Clinics in Sports
Medicine* 1998; 17: 299-318.

D.A. Ullman, [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, and C.A. Burtis,
\"Chromatography,\" in ***Teitz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 3rd
ed,*** C.A. Burtis and E. Ashwood, eds., (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1998)
164-204.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, "Analytical goals in therapeutic drug
monitoring." *Clin. Chem.* 1998; **44**: 375-80.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, "Analytical advances in detection of
performance-enhancing compounds." *Clin. Chem.* 1997; **43**: 1299-1307.

C. Liu and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Mass spectrometric
characterization of nicked fragments of the β-subunit of human chorionic
gonadotropin\" *Clin. Chem.* 1997; **43**: 1172-81.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline} and D.J. Borts, "Evaluation of selected ion
storage ion trap mass spectrometry for detection of urinary anabolic
agents." *Clin. Chem.* 1997; **43**: 1033-40

C. Liu and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Mass spectrometric
characterization of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin\" *J.
Mass Spectrom.* 1997; **32**: 33-42.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline} and D.J. Borts, \"Separation and confirmation
of anabolic steroids with quadrupole ion trap tandem mass
spectrometry.\"*J. Chromatogr.* 1996; **687**: 69-78.

C. Liu and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Immunoaffinity trapping of
urinary human chorionic gonadotropin and its high-performance liquid
chromatographic-mass spectrometric confirmation.\"*J. Chromatogr.* 1996;
**687**: 213-220.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, and Sanaullah, "Direct measurement of steroid
sulfate and glucuronide conjugates with high-performance liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry.\" *J. Chromatogr.* 1996; **687**:
61-68.

Sanaullah and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Facile synthesis of
\[16,16,17-2H3\]-testosterone and -epitestosterone and their
glucuronides and sulfates.\" *J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol .* 1996;
**58**: 225-34.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Coupled Mass Spectrometric-Chromatographic
Systems,\" in ***Handbook of Analytical Toxicology***, S. Wong and I.
Sunshine, eds., (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1996), 173-199.

D.A. Ullman, [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, and C.A. Burtis,
\"Chromatography,\" in ***Teitz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, 4th
ed,*** C.A. Burtis and E. Ashwood, eds., (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996),
105-123.

W.C. Buss and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"The dose-dependent inhibition
of rat renal translation elongation seen after *in vivo* cyclosporin A
is not caused by cyclosporin metabolites.\" *Toxicology* 1995; **100**:
17-25.

S. Weisdorf, K. Hendrich, H. Liu, J. Wike, H. Merkle, [L.
Bowers]{.underline}, K. Ugurbil, \" An *in vivo* 31P magnetic resonance
scpectroscopy study of uridine excess in rats fed orotic acid.\"
*Biochem. Molec. Med.* 1995; **54:** 43-52.

M.A. Lacerda, [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, D.C. Snover, W.D. Payne, and
J.R. Bloomer, \"Hepatic levels of Cyclosporine and metabolites in
patients after liver transplantation.\" *Clin Transplantation* 1995;
**9**: 35-38.

S.A. Gruber, J. Hewitt, A.L. Sorenson, D.L. Barber, [L.D.
Bowers]{.underline}, G. Rynders, L. Arrazola, A.J. Matas, M.E.
Rosenberg, and D.M. Canafax, \"Pharmacokinetics of FK-506 following
intravenous and oral administration in patients awaiting renal
transplantation.\" *J. Clin. Pharmcol.* 1994; **34**: 859-64.

D.A. Whitman, V. Abbott , K. Fregien, and [L.D.Bowers]{.underline}*,*
\"Recent advances in HPLC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS: Detection of Cyclosporine
and metabolites in kidney and liver tissue.\" *Ther Drug Monit* 1993;
**15**: 552-6.

W.D. Branton, M.S. Rudnick, Y. Zhou, E.D. Ecleston, G.B. Fields, [L.D.
Bowers]{.underline}, \"Fatty acylated toxin structure\" *Nature* 1993;
**365**: 496-7.

D.J. Waters, [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, R.J. Cipolle, D.D. Caywood, R.L.
Bill, \"Plasma salicylate concentrations in immature dogs following
aspirin administration: Comparison with adult dogs.\" *J Vet Pharmacol
Ther.* 1993; **16**: 275-82.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, D.A. Ullman, and C.A. Burtis,
\"Chromatography,\" in ***Teitz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 2nd
ed,*** C.A. Burtis and E. Ashwood, eds., (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1993),
206-255.

I. Fu and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Micro-quantitation of
Cyclosporine and its metabolites and determination of their spectral
absorptivities.\" *Clin. Chem.* 1991; **37:** 1185-1190.

J.A. Halikas, R.D. Crosby, G.A. Carlson, F. Crea, N.M. Graves, and [L.D.
Bowers]{.underline}, \"Cocaine reduction in unmotivated crack users
using carbamazepine versus placebo in a short term, double-blind
crossover design.\" *Clin. Pharm. Ther.* 1991; **50**: 81-95.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Therapeutic monitoring of cyclosporine:
Difficulties in establishing a therapeutic window.\" *Clin. Biochem.*
1991; **24**: 81-8.

R. Yatscoff, T.G. Rosano, and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Clinical
significance of cyclosporine metabolites.\" *Clin. Biochem.* 1991;
**24**: 23-36.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Cyclosporine analysis by HPLC: Precision,
accuracy, and minimum detectable quantity.\" Transpl. Proc*.* 1990;
**22**: 1150-1154.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, D.D. Norman, X.-x. Yan, D. Scheeler, and K.L.
Carlson, \"Isolation and structural identification of 9hydroxy-
9desmethyl-cyclosporine.\" Clin. Chem. 1990; **36**: 1875-1879.

S. Pedigo and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"Solvatochromic comparison of
alkyl-silica-based and polystyrene- divinylbenzene reversed phase
columns.\" J. Chromatogr., 1990; **499**: 279-290.

P.O. Edlund, [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, T. Covey, and J.D. Henion,
\"Rapid determination of dianabol in equine urine by isotope dilution
liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.\" J. Chromatogr., 1989;
**497**: 49-57.

[L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, \"High performance liquid chromatography/mass
spectrometry: State of the art for the drug analysis laboratory.\" Clin.
Chem. 1989; **35**: 1282-1287.

P. O. Edlund, [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, and J.D. Henion,
\"Determination of dianabol and its metabolites in equine plasma and
urine by coupled-column liquid chromatography and tandem mass
spectrometry,\" J. Chromatogr., 1989; **487**: 341-356.

P.W. Carr and [L.D. Bowers]{.underline}, ***Immobilized Enzymes in
Analytical and Clinical Chemistry:***

***Applications and Fundamentals*** (Wiley-Interscience, New York,
1980), 1-460.

**SELECTED PRESENTATIONS**

**AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS**

*L.D. Bowers*, "Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Diagnosis of Disease,"
American Association for Clinical

Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, July, 2000.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Testing for Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports,"
American Society of Clinical Laboratory Scientists, San Francisco, CA,
July, 2000.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Analytical Toxicology Issues in the Fight Against Drugs
in Athletics" University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, May, 2000.

*L.D. Bowers*, "LC/MS/MS in Clinical Toxicology," Analytica Congress,
Munich, Germany, April, 2000.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Detection of Performance-enhancing Drugs in Athletics:
An Analytical Adventure" University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
April, 2000.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Dietary Supplements: What's Going on Out There?" Indiana
Athletic Trainers Association, Indianapolis, IN, October, 1999.

*L.D. Bowers,* "Athletic Drug Testing - An Analysts View of Science and
the Law", 6th International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and
Clinical Toxicology, Cairns, Australia, September, 1999

*L.D. Bowers,* HPLC/MS/MS Workshop, 6th International Congress of
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology, Cairns, Australia,
September, 1999

*L.D. Bowers*, "Detection of Performance-enhancing Drugs in Athletics:
An Analytical Adventure" Miami University (Ohio), OH, February, 1999.

*L.D. Bowers*, "" Plenary lecture; Mass Spectrometry in Clinical
Diagnosis of Disease, 11^th^ American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Sanibel Conference, Sanibel Island, FL, January, 1999.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Athletes, Drugs and the Courts: An Analyst's
Perspective" Ball State University, February, 1998.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Athletes, Drugs and the Courts: An Analyst's
Perspective" Indiana Section, American Chemical Society, Indianapolis,
IN February, 1998.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Drug Testing and the Elite Athlete" New York State
Academy of Family Physicians Annual Meeting, Lake Placid, NY, January,
1998.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Applications of Chromatography/MS/MS in Toxicology." 5th
International Congress of Therpaeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical
Toxicology, Vancouver, BC, Canada, November, 1997.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Why Sample Spectra and Library Spectra Don't Match: An
Overview of Mass Spectral Interpretation and Library Searching"
(Workshop) Society of Forensic Toxicologists Meeting, Salt Lake City,
UT, October, 1997.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Studying Phase II Metabolism of Steroids with
HPLC/MS/MS" (Workshop) Society of Forensic Toxicologists Meeting, Salt
Lake City, UT, October, 1997.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Analytical Goals in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"
American Association for Clinical Chemistry Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA,
July, 1997.

*L.D. Bowers*, "Forensic Urine Drug Testing/Doping Control in Sports
Medicine: Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Steroid Drug Analysis."
Pittsburgh Conference, Atlanta, GA, March, 1997.

*L.D. Bowers* and Sanaullah, "Direct Measurement of Testosterone and
Epitestosterone Glucuronides and Sulfates by HPLC/MS/MS." Society of
Forensic Toxicologists, Denver, CO, October, 1996.

*L.D. Bowers,* \"Decreasing the Detection Threshold: Application of GC/
and HPLC/Mass Spectrometric Techniques.\" International Federation of
Clinical Chemistry, London, England, July, 1996.

*L.D. Bowers,* \"Endocrine System Manipulation in Athletes.\" 31st
Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians and Scientists meeting, St.
Louis, MO, June, 1996

*L.D. Bowers,* \"Detection of Endocrine System Manipulation in
Athletes.\" Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, April, 1996.

*L.D. Bowers,* \"Detection of Endocrine System Manipulation in
Athletes.\" University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, April, 1996.

*L.D. Bowers,* \"Analytical Challenges in Athletic Drug Testing for
International Competition,\" (Keynote Speaker), Minnesota Chromatography
Forum, Minneapolis, MN, April, 1996.

*L.D. Bowers* \"Fundamentals of Quadrupole Ion Traps\" 14th Cologne
Workshop of Doping in Sport, Cologne, Germany, March, 1996.

*L.D. Bowers* \"Ion Trap MS/MS for Confirmation of Anabolic Steroids\"
14th Cologne Workshop of Doping in Sport, Cologne, Germany, March, 1996.

*L.D. Bowers* \"Confirmation of hCG in Urine using Imumunoaffinity
Extraction and HPLC/MS\" 14th Cologne Workshop of Doping in Sport,
Cologne, Germany, March, 1996.