IEEE P802.21/D01.09\
Draft IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks:\
Media Independent Handover Services

+-----------+------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Normative |            |               |           |                |
| Text      |            |               |           |                |
| Proposal  |            |               |           |                |
| for QoS   |            |               |           |                |
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| Date:     |            |               |           |                |
| 2006-Sep  |            |               |           |                |
| tember-18 |            |               |           |                |
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| A         |            |               |           |                |
| uthor(s): |            |               |           |                |
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+-----------+------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Nada      | National   | 100 Bureau    | +1301     | Nada.g         |
| Golmie    | Institute  | Dr, Stop 8920 | -975-4190 | olmie@nist.gov |
|           | of         | Gaithersburg, |           |                |
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|           | and        |               |           |                |
|           | Technology |               |           |                |
+-----------+------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
| Ulises    | In         | 100, rue      | +1514     | Ulises.Olver   |
| Olvera    | terDigital | Sherebrook,   | -904-6258 | a-Hernandez@In |
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|           | unications | étage,        |           |                |
|           |            | Montreal, QC, |           |                |
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| Salminen  |            | mitehtaankatu | -68995288 | en@seesta.com> |
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Abstract

This document contains a normative text proposal in support of a Media
Independent Handover Quality of Service model.

Proposed MIH QoS Model and normative text modifications to the IEEE
802.21 standard draft D01.09.

We propose to add to Section 3 on page 9 the following definitions:

Population of interest: the set of packets corresponding to a given
source and destination over which the QoS parameters are computed.

We propose to replace section 5.1.3 on page 13 with the following text
specified in blue:

**5.1.3 Packet Transfer Quality Model\
**

The quality of the service (QoS) experienced by an application depends
on the *accuracy, speed and dependability* of information transfer of
the communication channel. The IEEE 802.21 specifications provide
support for fulfilling application QOS requirements in the presence of
communication handover. The MIH QoS model defines parameters that may be
used in specifying and assessing characteristics of packet transfers
between a source and its destinations. The communication channel is
considered to be composed of several connected segments, each under a
possibly different but cooperative administrative authority. Examples
for such channels, such as for IP traffic have been detailed in ITU
normative Y.1540.

In the context of the 802.21 specification it is assumed that
applications communicate via a packetized communication channel over
which a transmitted packet can experience the following outcomes:

-   Be received with no errors at its intended destination

-   Be received with errors at its intended destination

-   Not be received in which case it is said that the packet is lost.

The maximum attainable *speed* of information transfer over a given
communication channel can be constant, as it is usually the case with
network segments involving only wired links, or it can be time varying
at different scales, at is the case for segments involving wireless
links. This measure will be called channel capacity, for the purposes of
this document.

The ability of the channel to provide *accurate* information transfer
can be described via a statistical model characterized by the following
parameters:

1.  Minimum Packet Transfer Delay: is defined as the minimum delay over
    a population of interest

2.  Average Packet Transfer Delay: is defined as the arithmetic mean of
    the delay over a population of interest

3.  Maximum Packet Transfer Delay: is defined as the maximum delay over
    a population of interest

4.  Jitter: is defined as the standard deviation of the delay over a
    population of interest

5.  Packet loss rate: is defined as the ratio between the number of
    frames that are transmitted but not received and the total number of
    frames transmitted over a population of interest.

6.  Packer error rate: is defined as the ratio between the number of
    packets that have been received with errors and the total number of
    packets present in a population of interest.

It is generally accepted that based on the required *accuracy* of
information transfer applications can be grouped into a small number of
behavioral sets \[Y.1541\] called Classes of Service (CoS). Support for
differentiation via Classes of Service is pervasive in many of the IEEE
802 based standards \[802.11, 802.1q, 802.16 etc.\].

For a link that supports CoS differentiation, per CoS traffic *accuracy*
parameters need to be maintained in order to provide insights on how
individual traffic classes are faring.

In summary, the following set of parameters characterize the *speed and
accuracy* of the information transfer a multi-CoS traffic link supports:

1.  Link capacity, representing the maximum information transfer rate
    achievable. This value is determined by the physical characteristics
    of the link. While for wired links is it usually a constant, for
    wireless links it is time varying.

2.  Link Packet Error Rate: representing the ratio between the number of
    frames received in error and the total number of frames transmitted
    in a link population of interest

3.  Supported classes of service: represents the maximum number of
    differentiable classes of service supported by this link.

4.  Class of Service Parameters List. For each of the supported classes
    of service the following parameters are defined:

    1.  Class Minimum Packet Transfer Delay: is defined as the minimum
        delay over a class population of interest

    2.  Class Average Packet Transfer Delay: is defined as the
        arithmetic mean of the delay over a class population of interest

    3.  Class Maximum Packet Transfer Delay: is defined as the maximum
        delay over a class population of interest

    4.  Class Packet Delay Jitter: is defiend as the standard deviation
        of the delay over a class population of interest

    5.  Class Packet loss rate: is defined as the ratio between the
        number of frames that are transmitted but not received and the
        total number of frames transmitted over a class population of
        interest.

The performance implications to consider from the MIH perspective
include both the transient network performance achieved during a
handover as well as the continuous monitoring of current network
conditions.

The 802.21 specifications provide mechanisms to support seamless
mobility as an enabler; however the MIHF alone cannot guarantee seamless
mobility. Depending on the QOS requirements of the end-to-end
application, seamless mobility implies minimizing the latency, and
potential loss incurred during a handover so as to minimize the
end-to-end delay and loss perceived by the application. Seamless
mobility also implies the timely assessment of network conditions, such
as the monitoring of the signal strength, packet loss, on the link, on
both current and target networks in order to optimize the handover
decision and its execution.

The MIH services defined by the IEEE 802.21, including event, command,
and information service, need to consider network traffic performance
objectives and their potential fulfilment as well as their relation to
application traffic quality of service requirements.

In order to realize the QoS model described above, a number of
primitives require modification to conform to the model. Modifications
are applicable to all primitives that include the
LINK_QoS_PARAMETER_LIST information element. Within the current draft,
the LINK_Qos_PARAMETERS_LIST IE should be contained in the following
messages:

-   MIH_Configure.request

-   MIH Get Status.confirm

-   MIH_Link_Parameter_Report.indication

Therefore, the following section should be updated as follows:

**Section 7.4.8.1.2 Semantics of Service Primitive**

**The primitive parameters are as follows:**

**MIH_Configure.request (**

**SourceIdentifier**

**DestinationIdentfier**

**LinkIdentifier**

**ConfigurationRequestSets**

**)**

Table 19 details the set of parameters that can be configured:

+----------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------+
| **Name**       | **Type**         | **Valid     | **Description**   |
|                |                  | Range**     |                   |
+----------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------+
| OPERATION_MODE | INTEGER          | 0x01 --     | Change the        |
|                |                  | Normal Mode | device's power    |
|                |                  |             | mode              |
|                |                  | 0x02 --     |                   |
|                |                  | Power       |                   |
|                |                  | Saving Mode |                   |
|                |                  |             |                   |
|                |                  | 0x03 --     |                   |
|                |                  | Power Down  |                   |
+----------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------+
| DISAB          | Boolean          | N/A         | Enable/disable    |
| LE_TRANSMITTER |                  |             | the transmitter   |
|                |                  |             | of the interface  |
+----------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------+
| LINK_ID        | Link ID          | N/A         | Change to the     |
|                |                  |             | specified link    |
+----------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------+
| C              | STRING           | N/A         | Change the        |
| URRENT_ADDRESS |                  |             | current address   |
|                |                  |             | to the value      |
|                |                  |             | specified         |
+----------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------+
| SUSPEND_DRIVER | Boolean          | N/A         | Suspend or resume |
|                |                  |             | of the specified  |
|                |                  |             | interface         |
+----------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------+
| LINK_QoS_P     | LIST             | N/A         | A list of QoS     |
| ARAMETERS_LIST |                  |             | Parameters and    |
|                |                  |             | their             |
|                |                  |             | corresponding     |
|                |                  |             | values as         |
|                |                  |             | specified in      |
|                |                  |             | table XX          |
+----------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------+

**Insert the following table in section 7.4.8.1, after line 53**

Table XX: LinkQoSParameterType values

  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -----------------
  Value          Name           Value Size     Valid Range    Description
                                (octets)                      

  0              Throughput     4              0-(232-1)      The maximum
                                                              information
                                                              transfer rate
                                                              achievable. This
                                                              value is
                                                              determined by the
                                                              physical
                                                              characteristics
                                                              of the link . It
                                                              is measured in
                                                              kbps

  1              Link Packet    2              0-65535        A value equal to
                 Error Rate                                   integer part of
                                                              the result of
                                                              multiplying -100
                                                              times the log10
                                                              of the ratio
                                                              between the
                                                              number of packets
                                                              received in error
                                                              and the total
                                                              number of packets
                                                              transmitted in a
                                                              link population
                                                              of interest.

  2              Supported      2              0-65535        The maximum
                 number of COS                                number of
                                                              differentiable
                                                              classes of
                                                              service supported
                                                              by this link

  3              CoS Minimum    4              0-2\^32        This is an
                 Packet                                       encoded value
                 Transfer Delay                               which contains
                                                              the class of
                                                              service
                                                              identifier in the
                                                              2 most
                                                              significant
                                                              octets and the
                                                              minimum packet
                                                              transfer delay
                                                              for the class in
                                                              ms in the two
                                                              least significant
                                                              octets. Valid
                                                              range for minimum
                                                              packet transfer
                                                              delay:
                                                              \[0..65535\] ms

  4              CoS Average    4              0-2\^32        This is an
                 Packet                                       encoded value
                 Transfer Delay                               which contains
                                                              the class of
                                                              service
                                                              identifier in the
                                                              2 most
                                                              significant
                                                              octets and the
                                                              average packet
                                                              transfer delay
                                                              for the class in
                                                              ms in the two
                                                              least significant
                                                              octets. Valid
                                                              range for average
                                                              packet transfer
                                                              delay:
                                                              \[0..65535\] ms

  5              CoS Maximum    4              0-2\^32        This is an
                 Packet                                       encoded value
                 Transfer Delay                               which contains
                                                              the class of
                                                              service
                                                              identifier in the
                                                              2 most
                                                              significant
                                                              octets and the
                                                              maximum packet
                                                              transfer delay
                                                              for the class in
                                                              ms in the two
                                                              least significant
                                                              octets. Valid
                                                              range for maximum
                                                              packet transfer
                                                              delay:
                                                              \[0..65535\] ms

  6              CoS Packet     4              0-2\^32        This is an
                 Transfer Delay                               encoded value
                 Jitter                                       which contains
                                                              the class of
                                                              service
                                                              identifier in the
                                                              2 most
                                                              significant
                                                              octets and the
                                                              packet transfer
                                                              delay jitter for
                                                              the class in ms
                                                              in the two least
                                                              significant
                                                              octets. Valid
                                                              range for packet
                                                              transfer delay
                                                              jitter:
                                                              \[0..65535\] ms

  7              CoS Packet     4              0-2\^32        This is an
                 Loss rate                                    encoded value
                                                              which contains
                                                              the class of
                                                              service
                                                              identifier in the
                                                              2 most
                                                              significant
                                                              octets and a
                                                              value equal to
                                                              integer part of
                                                              the result of
                                                              multiplying -100
                                                              times the log10
                                                              of the ratio
                                                              between the
                                                              number of packets
                                                              lost and the
                                                              total number of
                                                              packets
                                                              transmitted in
                                                              the class
                                                              population of
                                                              interest

  8-255          Reserved       N/A            N/A            Reserved for
                                                              future use.
  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -----------------

With regards to primitive "MIH_Get_Status.confirm", made the following
modification to the table contained in section 7.4.6.2.4 "Effect of
receipt"

The following table details the set of parameters for which status can
be provided

+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+
| Name (Get       | Type      | Valid Range    | Description          |
| Status          |           |                |                      |
| Requests)       |           |                |                      |
+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+
| DEVICE_INFO     | STRING    | N/A            | Information on       |
|                 |           |                | manufacturer, model  |
|                 |           |                | number, revision     |
|                 |           |                | number of the        |
|                 |           |                | software/firmware    |
|                 |           |                | and serial num ber   |
|                 |           |                | in displayable text  |
|                 |           |                | are returned.        |
+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+
| OPERATION_MODE  | INTEGER   | 0x00 Normal    | Returns the link's   |
|                 |           | Mode           | current power mode.  |
|                 |           |                |                      |
|                 |           | 0x01 Power     |                      |
|                 |           | Saving Mode    |                      |
|                 |           |                |                      |
|                 |           | 0x02 Power     |                      |
|                 |           | Down           |                      |
+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+
| LINK_ID         | Link ID   | N/A            | Return the ID of the |
|                 |           |                | link currently       |
|                 |           |                | configured to        |
|                 |           |                | communicate with.    |
+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+
| CHANNEL_ID      | INTEGER   | N/A            | The ID of the        |
|                 |           |                | channel currently in |
|                 |           |                | use                  |
+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+
| ~~CH            | ~         | ~~N/A~~        | ~~Current Connection |
| ANNEL_QUALITY~~ | ~STRING~~ |                | Quality~~            |
+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+
| ~~LINK_SPEED~~  |           | ~~N/A~~        | ~~Bits per second~~  |
+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+
| BATTERY_LEVEL   | INTEGER   | 0-100; -1;     | Battery level in     |
|                 |           | unknown bat    | percentage;          |
|                 |           | tery level     |                      |
+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+
| LINK_QoS        | LIST      | N/A            | A list of QoS        |
| _PARAMETER_LIST |           |                | Parameters and their |
|                 |           |                | corresponding values |
|                 |           |                | as specified in      |
|                 |           |                | table XX             |
+-----------------+-----------+----------------+----------------------+

With regards to primitive "MIH_Link_Parameters_Report.indication", made
the following modification to the table contained in section 7.4.5.1.1
"Function"

  ------------------------- ------------- ------------- -------------------------------
  Name                      Type          Valid Range   Description

  LINK_IDENTIFIER           Link ID       N/A           Identifier of the link
                                                        associated with the event

  ~~NumLinkParameter~~      ~~INTEGER~~   ~~0-65535~~   ~~Number of entries in
                                                        LinkParameterList~~

  LINK_Qos_PARAMETER_LIST   List          N/A           A list of QoS Parameters and
                                                        their corresponding values as
                                                        specified in table XX.
  ------------------------- ------------- ------------- -------------------------------

In page 157, add after line 60 the following table:

Annex A-5: QoS

Table yy: An example of a QoS Parameter Mapping Table

![](media/image1.wmf){width="5.611805555555556in"
height="4.129166666666666in"}

Figure 1: Event Flow Diagram: Initial Stage

![](media/image2.wmf){width="5.760416666666667in"
height="3.979861111111111in"}

Figure 2: Event Flow Diagram: Link Selection

![](media/image3.wmf){width="5.820833333333334in" height="4.05625in"}

Figure 3: Event Flow Diagram: Handover