> [Company Log]{.mark}
>
> **[Name of Facility]{.mark}**
>
> [Address of facility]{.mark}
>
> **Data Center Energy Efficiency Assessment**
>
> [Assessor and affiliation]{.mark}

![](media/image1.pct){width="6.970138888888889in"
height="1.0708333333333333in"}

**Disclaimer**

This report was prepared by [Qualified Assessor]{.mark} in the course of
performing and energy assessment contracted for and sponsored by
[Sponsor]{.mark}. Reproduction or distribution of the whole, or any
part, of the contents of this document without written permission of
[Sponsor]{.mark} is prohibited. Neither the assessor, [Sponsor]{.mark}
nor any of its employees make any warranty or representations, expressed
or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the
accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any data, information, method
product or process disclosed in this document, or represents that its
use will not infringe any privately-owned rights, including, but not
limited to, patents, trademarks, or copyrights.

This report uses preliminary information from vendor data and technical
references. The report, by itself, is not intended as a basis for the
engineering required to adopt any of the recommendations. Its intent is
to inform the site of potential energy saving opportunities and very
rough cost savings. The purpose of the recommendations and calculations
is to determine whether measures warrant further investigation.

**Acknowledgments**

**Authors**

[Joe Green Engineer - qualified assessor]{.mark}

**The Authors Would Like to Acknowledge the Contributions and\
Assistance of the Following People:**

[Site staff or others who helped]{.mark}

TABLE OF CONTENTS

[**[1.]{.underline}** **[Facility Overview
4]{.underline}**](#facility-overview)

[2. Facility Energy Use 4](#facility-energy-use)

[IT Equipment Loads 4](#it-equipment-loads)

[Data Center Energy End Use 5](#data-center-energy-end-use)

[3. Mechanical System Description 5](#mechanical-system-description)

[4. Electrical System Description 6](#electrical-system-description)

[5. Benchmarking 6](#benchmarking)

[Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE)
6](#refheading___toc199656759)

[6. OBSERVATIONS 6](#recommended-energy-efficiency-measures)

[7. rECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
6](#__RefHeading___Toc199656761)

[IT equipment 6](#__RefHeading___Toc199656762)

[HVAC 7](#__RefHeading___Toc199656763)

[AppendiCES 8](#refheading___toc199656767)

Executive Summary

[Summarize the following: sponsor, site, contractor, brief description
of site, use of DC Pro tools, etc.]{.mark}

A number of energy efficiency opportunities with varying payback periods
were identified during the assessment. Based on an estimated energy cost
of [\$xxxx]{.mark}/kWh, energy cost savings of approximately
[\$xx,xxx]{.mark}/yr are possible through measures that have an average
payback period of [x.x]{.mark} years and represent approximately
[x]{.mark}% energy savings. The table below summarizes the projected
economics for the recommended measures:

  ------------ ---------------- -------------------- ---------------------
  Grouped      Estimated        Estimated Yearly     Estimated Simple
  Efficiency   Installed Cost   Energy Savings       Payback - Years
  Measures                                           

                                                     

                                                     

  Totals       \$               \$                   weighted ave.
  ------------ ---------------- -------------------- ---------------------

Table 1 - Summary of Estimated Savings and Payback Times

[Additional high level findings]{.mark}

#  Facility Overview

[High level description of facility]{.mark}

# Facility Energy Use

The total electrical demand was on average approximately XXX kW with a
yearly energy use of approximately X.X GWh/yr. Approximately XX% of the
energy use is related to the servers. The data center is \[stand alone;
located in an office building; etc.\], it was \[not\] separately
submetered, and the team had to develop the energy usage through a
combination of temporary submetering, spot measurements and/or
spreadsheet calculations.

## IT Equipment Loads {#it-equipment-loads .unnumbered}

Summarized in Error: Reference source not found below is the average
power (kW) for IT equipment

  ------------- ---------- ------------------------ ----------------------
  Data Center   Area (sf)  IT equipment load (kW)   Power Density (W/sf)
  Areas                                             

                                                    

                                                    

  Totals                                            
  ------------- ---------- ------------------------ ----------------------

Table 2 IT equipment load

## Data Center Energy End Use {#data-center-energy-end-use .unnumbered}

The electrical end use breakdown associated with the data center space
was determined and is shown in Table 3.

+---------------------+----------------+------------+-----------------+
| **Data Center End   | **Approximate  | **Average  | **Power         |
| Use**               | Area**         | IT**       | Density**       |
|                     |                |            |                 |
|                     | **(SF)**       | **Load     | **(W/SF)**      |
|                     |                | (kW)**     |                 |
+---------------------+----------------+------------+-----------------+
| [XXX]{.mark}        | [x,xxx]{.mark} | [x         | [xx]{.mark}     |
|                     |                | xx]{.mark} |                 |
+---------------------+----------------+------------+-----------------+
| [XXX]{.mark}        | [x,xxx]{.mark} | [          | [xx]{.mark}     |
|                     |                | xx]{.mark} |                 |
+---------------------+----------------+------------+-----------------+
| **TOTALS:**         | **[x           | **[xxx     | **[xx]{.mark}** |
|                     | ,xxx]{.mark}** | ]{.mark}** |                 |
+---------------------+----------------+------------+-----------------+

**Table 3 - Summary of Data Center Electrical End Use**

![](media/image2.pct){width="6.372916666666667in"
height="4.373611111111111in"}

[Example Figure]{.mark} 1 [--]{.mark}Electrical Breakout by End Use

[Replace with actual breakdown]{.mark}

# Mechanical System Description 

Figure 2 -- HVAC System Schematic

# Electrical System Description

**UPS System:**

**[Example]{.mark} Table 4. UPS Electrical Measurements**

  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
                 **Units**      **UPS-A**      **UPS-B**      **Combined**

  UPS Input      kW             [xxx]{.mark}   [xxx]{.mark}   [xxx]{.mark}

  UPS Output     kW             [xxx]{.mark}   [xxx]{.mark}   [xxx]{.mark}

  Losses         kW             [xx]{.mark}    [xx]{.mark}    [xx]{.mark}

  Efficiency     \%             [xx]{.mark}    [xx]{.mark}    [xx]{.mark}

  Load Factor    \%             [xx]{.mark}    [xx]{.mark}    [xx]{.mark}
  -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

**Distribution transformers/PDUs:**

**Lighting:**

# Benchmarking

The purpose of this section is to summarize the metrics that were
gathered as part of the assessment process and compare them to data from
other facilities, where available.

## 5.1 Overall energy Efficiency metrics {#overall-energy-efficiency-metrics .unnumbered}

The table below indicates the metrics that were collected and the
interpretation of their values.

+-------+---------------------+-----------+-----+--------------------+
| ***M  | ***Metric Name***   | *         | **  | **                 |
| etric |                     | **Unit*** | *Va | *Interpretation*** |
| ID*** |                     |           | lue |                    |
|       |                     |           | *** |                    |
+-------+---------------------+-----------+-----+--------------------+
| E     | DCiE (site energy)  | \-        |     |                    |
| M.M.1 |                     |           |     |                    |
|       | (IT energy use /    |           |     |                    |
|       | total energy use)   |           |     |                    |
+-------+---------------------+-----------+-----+--------------------+
| E     | PUE                 | \-        |     |                    |
| M.M.2 |                     |           |     |                    |
|       | (Total Power/IT     |           |     |                    |
|       | Power)              |           |     |                    |
+-------+---------------------+-----------+-----+--------------------+
| E     | HVAC Effectiveness  | \-        |     |                    |
| M.M.3 |                     |           |     |                    |
|       | (IT Power /HVAC     |           |     |                    |
|       | Power)              |           |     |                    |
+-------+---------------------+-----------+-----+--------------------+
| E     | Site Energy Use     | Site      |     |                    |
| M.M.4 | Intensity           | BTU/sf-yr |     |                    |
+-------+---------------------+-----------+-----+--------------------+
| E     | Source Energy Use   | Source    |     |                    |
| M.M.5 | Intensity           | BTU/sf-yr |     |                    |
+-------+---------------------+-----------+-----+--------------------+
| E     | Purchased Energy    | Energy    |     |                    |
| M.M.6 | Cost Intensity      | \$/sf-yr  |     |                    |
+-------+---------------------+-----------+-----+--------------------+
| E     | Peak Electrical     | Peak W/sf |     |                    |
| M.M.7 | Demand Intensity    |           |     |                    |
+-------+---------------------+-----------+-----+--------------------+

Charts for selected metrics are provided below

[]{#refheading___toc199656759
.anchor}![](media/image3.png){width="5.998611111111111in"
height="3.4381944444444446in"}

Figure 3 - Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE)

![](media/image4.pct){width="5.9944444444444445in"
height="3.2680555555555557in"}

Figure 4 - Data Center Power Utilization Effectiveness (PUE)

> ![](media/image5.pct){width="5.9944444444444445in"
> height="3.417361111111111in"}

Figure 6 - IT equipment power/HVAC power

## 5.2 Air Management and Air Distribution Metrics {#air-management-and-air-distribution-metrics .unnumbered}

> Several server intake and exhaust temperatures were collected from a
> representative sample of servers in the data center. In addition,
> measurements of return and supply air temperatures were taken from all
> of the CRAC [or CRAH]{.mark} units as well as from the perforated
> tiles. The goal is to establish an understanding of the air management
> performance, identify any issues such as potential hot spots. From
> these temperature measurements, the following indices were calculated:
>
> Rack Cooling Index (RCI):
>
> RCI is a dimensionless measure of how effectively the equipment is
> cooled within a given intake temperature specification (e.g., ASHRAE,
> NEBS). It provides a measure of the conditions at the high (HI) end
> and at the low (LO) end of the specified temperature range.
> RCI~HI~=100% means that no intake temperature is above the maximum
> recommended, and RCI~LO~=100% means that no intake temperature is
> below the minimum recommended. Using ASHRAE Class 1 temperature
> specification, "poor" conditions are ≤90% whereas "good" conditions
> are ≥96%. The RCI is assuming the ASHRAE Class 1 recommended intake
> temperature
>
> Return Temperature Index (RTI):
>
> The Return Temperature Index (RTI) is a dimensionless measure of the
> actual utilization of the available temperature differential in the
> equipment room as well as a measure of the level of by-pass air or
> recirculation air in the data center. 100% is generally the target;
> \>100% → recirculation air; \<100% → by-pass air.
>
> Supply Heat Index (SHI):
>
> The Supply Heat Index (SHI) is a dimensionless measure of
> recirculation of hot air into the cold aisles. SHI is a number between
> 0 and 1, the lower the better. SHI is typically \< 0.40. An SHI = 0
> means that all inlet temperatures are equal to the supply temperature.
>
> The table below summarizes the metrics.

  ----------- -------------------------- ------------ ------------- ----------------------
  ***Metric   ***Metric Name***          ***Unit***   ***Value***   ***Interpretation***
  ID***                                                             

  AM.M.1      CRAC/CRAH/AHU Temperature  F                           
              Differential                                          

  AM.M.2      Average Rack Temperature   F                           
              Rise                                                  

  AM.M.3      Return Temperature Index   \%                          
              (RTI), measure of by-pass                             
              air and recirculation air.                            

  AM.M.4      Rack Intake Temperatures   F                           

  AM.M.5      Rack Cooling Index (RCI),  \%                          
              measure of conformance                                
              with an intake temperature                            
              specification (e.g.,                                  
              ASHRAE, NEBS).                                        

  AM.M.6      Supply Heat Index (SHI)    \-                          

  AM.M.7      CRAC/CRAH/AHU Moisture     lbs                         
              Differential                                          

  AM.M.8      Airflow Efficiency         W/cfm                       

  AM.M.9      Ratio of Total System Flow None                        
              to Total Rack Flow                                    

  AM.M.10     System Pressure Drop       in. w.g.                    

  AM.M.11     Fan motor efficiency       \%                          

  AM.M.12     Econ Utilization Factor    \%                          
  ----------- -------------------------- ------------ ------------- ----------------------

## 5.3 Cooling Plant Metrics {#cooling-plant-metrics .unnumbered}

> [This section is relevant only if the data center is served by a
> cooling plant.]{.mark}
>
> The table below summarizes the metrics.

  ----------- ------------------------- ------------ ------------- ----------------------
  ***Metric   ***Metric Name***         ***Unit***   ***Value***   ***Interpretation***
  ID***                                                            

  CS.M.1      Chiller Plant Wire to     kW/ton                      
              Water Efficiency                                     

  CS.M.2      Chiller Rated Efficiency  kW/ton NPLV                 
              at Design                                            

  CS.M.3      Cooling Tower Design      gpm/HP                      
              Efficiency                                           

  CS.M.4      Cooling Tower Design      F                           
              Approach                                             

  CS.M.5      Condenser Approach        F                           
              Temperature                                          

  CS.M.6      Chilled Water Pumping     W/gpm                       
              Efficiency                                           

  CS.M.7      Condenser Water Pumping   W/gpm                       
              Efficiency                                           

  CS.M.8      Pump and fan motor        \%                          
              efficiency                                           

  CS.M.9      Chiller Water-Side Econ   \%                          
              Utilization Factor                                   
  ----------- ------------------------- ------------ ------------- ----------------------

> ![](media/image6.pct){width="5.9944444444444445in"
> height="3.4895833333333335in"}

Figure 7 -- Chilled Water plant and Chiller rated efficiency

## 5.4 Electrical Power Chain Metrics {#electrical-power-chain-metrics .unnumbered}

The UPS system typically represents an efficiency opportunity in most
data centers. In this data center, the UPS was on an average loaded to
approximately [XX]{.mark}% of its rated capacity. Since UPS efficiency
is higher at higher load factors, loading to 50% total for 2N system or
40% for each module is good from an efficiency point of view. The
efficiency at this load factor was observed to be approximately
[XX]{.mark}%. This means that the UPS efficiency is [about
average]{.mark} for all systems benchmarked at this load factor.

The table below summarizes the metrics that were collected.

  ----------- ------------------------- ------------ ------------- ----------------------
  ***Metric   ***Metric Name***         ***Unit***   ***Value***   ***Interpretation***
  ID***                                                            

  ED.M.1      UPS Load Factor           \-                         

  ED.M.2      UPS System Efficiency     \%                          

  ED.M.3      Transformer Efficiency    \%                          
              (upstream UPS system)\                               
              Efficiency                                           

  ED.M.4      PDU (with built-in        \%                          
              transformer) System                                  
              Efficiency                                           

  ED.M.5      IT Peak Power Density     W/sf                        

  ED.M.6      IT Ave Power Density      W/sf                        

  ED.M.7      IT Peak Power Density     W/sf                        
              (design)                                             

  ED.M.8      IT Rack Power Density     kW/rack                     

  ED.M.9      IT Rack Power Density     kW/rack                     
              (design)                                             

  ED.M.10     UPS output voltage        V dc                        

  ED.M.11     Stand-by Gen Block heater W                           
              power                                                
  ----------- ------------------------- ------------ ------------- ----------------------

> ![](media/image7.pct){width="4.383333333333334in"
> height="3.1486111111111112in"}
>
> **Figure 8 - Measured UPS Efficiency Curves**
>
> ![](media/image8.pct){width="5.9944444444444445in"
> height="3.3652777777777776in"}
>
> **Figure 9 - UPS Load Factor**
>
> ![](media/image9.pct){width="5.9944444444444445in"
> height="3.417361111111111in"}
>
> **Figure 10 - Measured IT Load Density**

# Observations 

# Recommended Energy Efficiency Measures

> The following measures are recommended for further evaluation:

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------- ------------------
  **Recommendations**                          **Cost**              **Simple payback
                                                                     (years)**

  1\.                                          \$[XX]{.mark} k       \~[Y.Y]{.mark}

  2\.                                                                

  3\.                                                                

  4\.                                                                

  5\.                                          \$[XX]{.mark} k       \~[Y.Y]{.mark}

  6\.                                          \$[XX]{.mark} k       \~[Y.Y]{.mark}

  7\.                                          \$[XX]{.mark} k       \~[Y.Y]{.mark}

  8\.                                          \$[XX]{.mark} k       \~[Y.Y]{.mark}

  9\.                                          \$[XX]{.mark}k        \~[Y.Y]{.mark}

  10\.                                         \$[XX]{.mark} k       \~[Y.Y]{.mark}

  **Total**                                    **\$[XXX]{.mark}k**   **\~[Y.Y]{.mark}
                                                                     "weighted"**
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------- ------------------

> **Air Management Measures**

**HVAC Measures**

**Electrical Measures**

**IT Equipment Measures**

**Commissioning Measures**

> **Additional Measures**
>
> In addition to these recommendations, the following strategies are
> recommended:

1.  It is recommended that the company management investigate and adopt
    a \"total cost of ownership\" approach to their data centers. Energy
    costs are already eclipsing the cost of the IT equipment over its
    life and this will only get worse as energy prices rise. If actions
    requiring capital were not taken in the past without regard to the
    ongoing energy savings, this practice should be reviewed.

2.  An energy manager should be established with responsibility for
    monitoring energy performance and tracking improvements over time.
    Specific goals (targets) for energy reduction should be implemented
    along with the commitment for capital expenditures where return on
    investment warrants.

3.  If the company operates multiple centers, a mechanism to share best
    practices should be established.

> The pie charts below show the current data center energy breakdown
> along with the projected energy breakdown after implementation of
> recommendations (DCiE\~0.[XX]{.mark}).

![](media/image2.pct){width="5.626388888888889in"
height="3.8541666666666665in"}

[Example]{.mark} Figure 8 -- Current Facility Performance

[Replace with actual chart]{.mark}

![](media/image10.pct){width="5.550694444444445in"
height="3.8152777777777778in"}

[Example]{.mark} Figure 9 -- Projected Facility Performance [replace
with actual projections]{.mark}

> **APPENDICES**

**APPENDIX - A --Best Practices**

**APPENDIX -- B - DC-Pro Assessment Tool -- Inputs & Outputs**

**APPENDIX - C -- Electrical Single Lines**

**APPENDIX - D -- Electrical Power Measurements / Readings**

**APPENDIX - E -- Mechanical Flow Diagram / P&ID's**

**APPENDIX - F -- Mechanical System Measurements / Readings**

[]{#refheading___toc199656767 .anchor}**APPENDIX - G - Assessment
instrumentation**