**[Second U.S.-EU Experts Exchange on Innovation:]{.underline}**

***Energy and Sustainability as Drivers for Innovation***

***December 10-13, 2007 Brussels and Copenhagen***

Hosted by

The Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry and by The Danish
Environmental Protection Agency

# Table of Contents {#table-of-contents .TOC-Heading}

[Executive Summary: 3](#executive-summary)

[Advancing Innovation in the Energy Sector:
4](#advancing-innovation-in-the-energy-sector)

[Challenges to Overcome in the Implementation of Energy Innovations:
7](#challenges-to-overcome-in-the-implementation-of-energy-innovations)

[Denmark: Innovation and Energy in Practice
8](#denmark-innovation-and-energy-in-practice)

[Challenges that Foster Greater Innovation:
9](#challenges-that-foster-greater-innovation)

[Clusters, Collaborations, and Centers of Expertise:
10](#clusters-collaborations-and-centers-of-expertise)

[Innovation and Market Opportunities Beyond Denmark's Borders:
11](#innovation-and-market-opportunities-beyond-denmarks-borders)

[Conclusion: 12](#conclusion)

[Next Steps: 12](#next-steps)

[DRAFT PROGRAMME 13](#draft-programme)

[Programme in Brussels 14](#programme-in-brussels)

[Site Visits in Copenhagen 16](#site-visits-in-copenhagen)

# Executive Summary:

The second U.S.-EU Experts Exchange on Innovation[^1] of December 2007
focused on the mechanisms by which energy and sustainability are driving
innovation within the European Union. An initiative under the framework
for Advancing Transatlantic Economic Initiatives signed by President
Bush and German Chancellor Angela Merkel in April 2007, the U.S.-EU
Experts Exchanges on Innovation provide a formal network for U.S. and EU
experts to share best practices in innovation policies. The December
2007 seminar commenced in Brussels with 1) an overview of innovation
policies within Europe and the United States; 2) highlights of the U.S.
and EU energy and sustainability programs that are enhancing innovation;
3) a focused discussion on innovation from the context of renewable
energy developments; and 4) industry viewpoints on energy and innovation
under the auspices of the Transatlantic Business Dialogue (TABD). The
delegation then proceeded to Copenhagen (Denmark) for a series of
seminars which examined how EU innovation polices in the energy sector
are adopted by the private sector within the EU Member States and how
public and private sector entities (both at the European Union and
Member State level) cooperate on energy technology innovation,
development, and deployment.

As a result of the seminars, the U.S. and EU representatives discerned
that emerging energy, environmental, and societal considerations are
simultaneously prompting and benefiting from greater R&D and innovation
programs. The EU Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs, the EU Broad-Based
Innovation Strategy, the Lead Market Initiative and EU Financial Support
Programs including the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Program
are prime examples of EU mechanisms that are enhancing innovations
within a broad range of sectors, including energy and environmental
technologies. While innovation policy within Europe can emerge from
recommendations put forward by a Member State, the European Commission,
or EU legislators, the need for greater sectorial innovation has found
its origin in societal concerns, notably the need for improvements in
the banking/financial sectors, health care reforms, and the adoption of
energy efficient technologies and practices.

Within Brussels and in Member States, a number of polices, programs, and
industry associations are contributing to innovation in the energy
sector (each is examined in greater detail within this paper),
including:

-   Europe INNOVA:

    a.  Connecting Energy Clusters Across Europe (DG-Enterprise and
        Industry)

    b.  Standards and Innovation for the Construction Sector
        (DG-Enterprise and Industry)

-   The Environmental Technology Action Plan (DG-Environment)

-   January 2007 EU Energy Package (DG-Energy and Transport)

-   European Technological Platforms (DG-Research)

-   European Renewable Energy Council

-   Concentrated Solar Power

-   Transatlantic Business Dialogue innovation working group

While bearing in mind that Denmark represents one of twenty-seven EU
member countries that are currently implementing EU-level energy and
environmental programs, there is a 'bottom-up' approach towards the
adoption, implementation, and commercialization of emerging energy
innovations within Denmark. Exchanges with power production
representatives, fuel cell and catalyst innovators, second-generation
ethanol researchers, and energy efficient housing developers highlighted
that Denmark's undertaking of energy technology programs resembles the
EU-level cluster groupings and technology platforms in that a broad
range of sectors serve as key contributors to energy innovations.
Universities, financial institutions, venture capitalists,
private-sector entities, and government agencies within Denmark have
fostered the collaborative networks that reflect the EU programs of
public-private cooperation to advance energy technology innovation. Of
note is the significant role of universities and research institutions
as well as the important partnerships between public and private sector
entities (both at the local and national levels) in the creation and
implementation of energy innovations within Denmark. These linkages
remerged throughout seminar discussions with Danish representatives from
wind- and solar-power generation entities, industrial and manufacturing
sectors, and government energy and environmental agencies.

# Advancing Innovation in the Energy Sector:

A key distinction exists between R&D and innovation: As former Finnish
Prime Minister Esko Aho defines it, "R&D is the transformation of money
to knowledge, while innovation is the transformation of knowledge to
money." While there is much debate as to what factors are exactly needed
to spur innovation among companies and across societies, it is clear
that economic and societal challenges to established systems play an
important role. The Cold War of the 1950s and 1960s prompted R&D and, in
turn, innovation in the United States and U.S.S.R. More recently, there
are a number of global challenges that are spurring both new R&D and the
development of innovative products. These challenges include: 1) climate
change; 2) globalization; and 3) aging populations and labor forces.
Both developed and developing economies recognize the need for
significant innovations and technological developments within the next
twenty years so as to abate the effects of climate change. Similarly,
globalization and the emergence of strong developing economies have
given rise to new knowledge centers of creation and innovation. With
high populations, educated workforces, and a rising consumer class, the
developing economies of Asia have emerged as significant contributors to
global innovations. With aging populations and work forces, countries
within Europe, the Americas, and Asia have witnessed societal and
demographic changes that have impacted the financial and health care
sectors. In all three cases, these challenges are inciting greater
attention towards the need for R&D and innovation.

Within the energy and environmental arenas, key programs and industry
associations have emerged within the European Union and Member States
that have coalesced a variety of actors (Member States, universities,
venture capitalists, laboratories, financial institutions, private
sector entities, public institutions, etc.) and are propelling R&D,
innovation, and commercialization of clean energy and sustainability
technologies. Note that these programs and associations are not
all-inclusive and that additional EU and Member State examples exist
that also serve to enhance innovation in a multitude of sectors within
the European Union. All examples cited below contribute to three key EU
innovation and economic objectives:

-   To foster collaboration, research, training, and mobility within the
    EU Member States while enhancing EU competitiveness on a global
    scale;

-   To expand economic growth, employment opportunities, and the
    industrial sectors among EU Member States; and

-   To focus on markets of high economic and societal value where
    innovation will positively impact EU Member States and citizens.

[EU policy initiatives, funded programs and public private
partnerships]{.underline}:

[Europe INNOVA]{.underline}: a policy initiative funded under the EU
Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme networks innovation
practitioners across the EU**.** It is sector-based and is composed of
various different elements including standards and cluster networks
outlined below:

a.  [Connecting Energy Clusters Across Europe (CENCE):]{.underline} The
    INNOVA initiative is a professional network that increases
    innovation capacity, facilitates commercialization of proven
    technologies, and generates employment among a number of industrial
    and service sectors. CENCE serves as the energy-specific INNOVA
    program and targets innovation and advancements in 1) renewable
    energy sources; 2) energy efficiency; and 3) distributed energy
    resources.

b.  [Standards and Innovation (STAND-INN):]{.underline} The STAND-INN
    project addresses new manufacturing processes based on
    performance-based standards for sustainable development with the
    goal of creating more efficient business processes in the building
    and construction sector. Challenges to overcome include greater
    communication and operability in the production process as well as
    increased standardization within the construction sector.

    -   [Environmental Technology Action Plan (ETAP):]{.underline}.

> ETAP aims to increase revenue in environmental sectors, enhance job
> opportunities, improve wastewater management, and promote clean energy
> technologies. Under the 7th EU Framework Programme up to €10 billion
> will address environmental technologies

-   . Much like the United States, the challenges cited for the
    environmental sector include bridging from research labs to markets,
    improving market conditions and opportunities, and addressing global
    exports concerns (i.e., maintaining technological patents and
    licences).

-   [EU Energy Package:]{.underline} In January 2007 the EU proposed an
    Energy legislative Package with large implications for the energy
    and environmental technology sector. The proposal sets targets of
    cutting EU greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent by 2020, improving
    energy efficiency by 20 percent by 2020, increasing renewable energy
    use by 20 percent, and boosting biofuels usage as a transport fuel
    to 10 percent by 2020.

-   [European Technological Platforms (ETP):]{.underline} Initially a EU
    concept, ETPs are stakeholder-driven initiatives and with a focus on
    public-private partnerships that bring together a number of actors
    to advance innovation in a target sector. Currently, eight platforms
    exist in the energy sector: 1) hydrogen and fuel cells; 2)
    construction; 3) photovoltaics; 4) smart grids; 5) zero emissions
    fossil fuel plants; 6) biofuels; 7) wind energy; and 8) solar
    thermal heating and cooling. All eight platforms further the
    development of sustainable and competitive energy systems, while
    advancing the abatement of climate change, the emergence of energy
    technologies, and the commercialization of proven innovations.

[Other Initiatives:]{.underline}

-   [European Renewable Energy Council (EREC):]{.underline} Created in
    April 2000, EREC serves as the umbrella organization for the
    renewable energy industry in Europe. EREC advances the objectives of
    the EU Renewable Energy Policy, namely to secure energy supply and
    to enhance economic growth and regional development. To date, over
    350,000 jobs have been created within the European Union as a result
    of the growth of the renewable energy sector.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   [Concentrated Solar Power (CSP):]{.underline} CSP emerged as a
    proven innovation in the 1980s, though the development of the
    commercial industry is still in the early stages. High investment
    costs and uncertainties of future market conditions remain
    challenges to CSP implementation, though these challenges can be
    addressed via the implementation of feed-in tariffs.

-   [Transatlantic Business Dialogue: Industry views on Innovation and
    Energy:]{.underline} In previous years, the issues of 1)
    innovation; 2) health care; and 3) information technology have been
    highlighted among both U.S. and EU firms and respective government
    agencies to advance transatlantic business cooperation under the
    auspices of the Transatlantic Business Dialogue (TABD). In 2007, the
    TABD established the Energy Working Group, the goal of which is to
    address increasing energy demands and climate change issues while
    fostering transatlantic cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas
    emissions. The private sector participants of the Energy Working
    Group noted that regulatory issues, R&D, and energy efficiency are
    the overarching areas for greater U.S. and EU cooperation. The
    Energy Working Group is developing recommendations to present to
    governments at the 2008 U.S.-EU Summit.

# Challenges to Overcome in the Implementation of Energy Innovations:

The examples cited above have emerged to address the policy and
industrial challenges that have previously limited innovation in the
energy sector within the European Union. Key obstacles that the examples
address include:

> 1\) The assemblage of fragmented market players and stakeholders;
>
> 2\) The combination of resources to overcome risk aversion and
> innovation impasses;
>
> 3\) The identification of financial investment opportunities for
> emerging technologies; and
>
> 4\) The development of public policies to encourage the industrial
> adoption of innovative technologies.

Specific examples were cited that highlight the challenges to innovation
within the European Union. Notably, the finance sector has had only a
small role in the innovation process, and the fragmentation of markets
within the European Union has hindered competition and innovation. For
example, the mature industries of automobiles and machines have been
more successful at innovation than have the developing industries of
chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and transfer of best practices and
knowledge resources from the mature industries to the developing sectors
has been limited to date. Moreover, a number of program representatives
noted that the adoption and enforcement of public polices will spur
innovation within the energy sector. Notably, the implementation of
feed-in tariffs and the enforcement of EU Directives will create
sustainable market opportunities for innovative energy technologies.
Through the discussions on the EU policies and programs as well as the
presentations on the Energy Innovation Working Group of the TABD, a
common theme emerged that when all stakeholders combine their efforts
and recognize a rapid deployment process for innovative technologies,
the government and private sector may be inclined to take a leading role
to the legal and regulatory frameworks required to enhance innovation
and adoption of the resulting technologies.

Each of these examples (as well as additional programs that serve
similar functions though were not examined due to time limitations)
provide a framework through which relevant stakeholders combine
technological resources and expertise so as to overcome the challenges
of enabling the development, adoption, and commercialization of
innovative technologies. With an increased pool of stakeholders to
address a specific energy innovation issue (be it in the sectors of
renewable energy, building/construction, or wastewater management, among
others), the overall industrial aversion to risk subsides and the
tendency towards innovation stagnation attenuates. Hence, each of these
examples seeks to identify and group together issue-specific
contributors to develop innovation opportunities, enhance investment
prospects, and advance public policies to enable the implementation of
energy innovations.

# Denmark: Innovation and Energy in Practice

After having examined innovation, energy, and sustainability from a EU
policy perspective in Brussels, members from both the U.S. and EU
delegations analyzed the adoption and implementation of energy
innovations within Copenhagen (Denmark). As a self-reliant energy
producer and net energy exporter, Denmark is a leader in the EU energy
sector due in part to the country's vast oil and gas reserves in the
North Sea. In spite of a lack of domestic coal reserves, Denmark heavily
relies on coal imports from Poland, Russia, South Africa, and Columbia
to provide for approximately half of its domestic electricity
generation. At 14 percent, Denmark's share of renewable energy sources
is much higher than the EU-27 average of 6 percent. Danish off-shore
wind capacity is the highest among EU member countries, and on-shore
wind power generation also remains a significant renewable energy
electricity source within Denmark. Solid biomass, biofuels, and solar
power production also contribute to Denmark's renewable energy
resources. As of 2006, electricity prices for Danish households were
approximately 7 percent lower than the EU average. Danish industrial
electricity prices are approximately 4 percent lower than the EU
average.

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- --- -------------------- --------------
  **Electricity Generation:**                                                                    **Energy Supply:**   

  Solid Fuels (Coal)                                                          46%                Oil                  41%

  Gas                                                                         25%                Gas                  23%

  Renewables                                                                  25%                Solid Fuels (Coal)   21%

  Oil                                                                         4%                 Renewables           14%

                                                                                                 Other                1%

  Source:                                                                                                             
  http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy_policy/doc/factsheets/mix/mix_dk_en.pdf                                           
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- --- -------------------- --------------

The Danish innovation and energy sites selected for detailed discussions
included:

-   DONG Energy, Avedore Power Station

-   Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S

-   BioGasol ApS and the Technical University of Denmark

-   Velux

In addition, the Danish Innovation and Clean Energy Seminar consisted of
innovation and energy analysis from representatives of the following
institutions:

-   Copenhagen Business School

-   Confederation of Danish Industries

-   Danish Energy Authority

-   Vestas Wind Systems

-   Solar City Copenhagen

-   Danish Environmental Protection Agency

A number of key innovation messages that were highlighted throughout
discussions in Brussels were again re-emphasized during the exchanges in
Copenhagen. Below are three specific examples of how EU innovation and
energy policies are being adopted and/or replicated within Denmark.

## Challenges that Foster Greater Innovation:

Denmark's example of wind power generation and electricity distribution
reemphasize the point that societal shocks oftentimes drive research and
innovation. Due to social movements between 1976 and 2001 and then again
from 2006 onward, energy and environmental policies within Denmark
prompted greater R&D support for wind power generation and a strong
political commitment for wind power generation. Denmark's Energy Plan of
1981 called for 10 percent wind power production by 2000, which was
reconfirmed again in 1990. The overall climate was ideal for wind power
innovation and development. Material conditions were favourable (as
Denmark has ample wind); economic calculations proved feasible (as the
economic viability for wind power generation proved positive); the
regulatory environment was encouraging (due to the government's support
of wind power generation); and public knowledge and interest in wind
power proved to be optimistic. The reduction of investment subsidies for
wind power generation from 1979 through 1989 and the decline in feed-in
tariffs from 1979 to 1999 further created a gradual industrial shock
that incited further innovation in wind power generation. The assurance
that the economic incentives were in place and that all stakeholders
were engaged further contributed to the success of wind power generation
within Denmark. In this case, the Danish model made the public and
private sectors part of the solution. Throughout the R&D, development,
demonstration, and deployment stages, the stakeholders themselves
identified the investors, consumers, and producers, thereby prompting
the adoption and implementation of wind energy power production.

## Clusters, Collaborations, and Centers of Expertise:

Partnerships with universities were highlighted among a number of the
Danish company representatives. While some partnerships with Danish
institutions were apparent (notably the BioGasol facility which is
housed at the Technical University of Denmark), collaborations with U.S.
universities (University of California, Stanford, and University of
Wisconsin) were noted among a number of Danish energy and innovation
firms. Before basic research with universities is undertaken, the
intellectual property rights and rules are established in the event that
the product becomes commercially viable. Some experiments with
universities are collaborative endeavors, while some components of an
innovation process are kept in-house. Rather than adopting a strict EU
version of the collaborative cluster approach led simultaneously by a
number of stakeholders working towards the same objective, some Danish
firms have adopted a modified version to the EU cluster approach in that
a number of various teams may be working in parallel on the same
project, thereby prompting a greater number of innovation processes and
developments.

Within Denmark, the Solar City Copenhagen Program, established in 2004
by the Copenhagen City Authority, assists clients in overcoming the
initial financial barriers of constructing photovoltaic and solar
heating systems in large scale buildings and businesses. Serving as an
example of the EU cluster framework, the Solar City Copenhagen Program
consists of a large network of cross-sectorial contacts to promote
public awareness through the sharing of best practices and
multi-industry involvement. Though only three years since its emergence,
this program is currently undertaking eight photovoltaic conversion
projects in older buildings within Copenhagen.

Looking outside of domestic industrial sectors and national boundaries
for innovation partnerships, Danish company representatives highlighted
a unique range of collaborations which have emerged in recent years.
Danish companies have partnered with biofuels companies in California
and have requested grants from the U.S. Department of Energy. Similarly,
partnerships with tangentially related sectors have proved invaluable,
as one Danish firm has collaborated with an Italian ski boot company to
learn about plastic technologies, and though there are no chemical
companies within Denmark, many of the innovation processes that have
been developed by Danish firms can be applied to the chemical industry
worldwide.

## 

## Innovation and Market Opportunities Beyond Denmark's Borders:

With a population of 5.4 million people and a GDP of approximately U.S.
\$255 billion, Denmark exports more to global markets than it imports.
In 2005, Denmark exports to the world totalled approximately U.S. \$85
billion, while imports amounted to approximately U.S. \$76 billion.
Examining innovation and market prospects outside of Denmark's borders
emerged as a key message throughout the discussions and seminars in
Copenhagen.

The energy efficient housing applications of Velux focus on insulation,
ventilation, and lighting technologies. Though Velux commenced its
operations within Denmark in 1942, Velux's main markets are outside of
Denmark, notably in Japan, China, the United States, Chile, Argentina,
Australia, and New Zealand. The company's products are manufactured in
the European Union, United States, China, and Russia. Production
facilities China, the United States, and Russia manufacture a special
product line for the respective internal market. Velux has developed a
Carbon Neutral House with unique specifications for Northern Europe and
Southern Europe. Among its EU neighbors, Velux keeps current on EU
Directives on construction and building products as well as the specific
building codes of each EU Member State. The manner in which EU Member
States may adopt EU Directives on construction and building products may
be quite diverse. Moreover, each EU Member State is required to revise
and strengthen its building codes every five years. Hence Velux monitors
and adapts to modifications of building codes for each EU Member State
every five, ten, and fifteen years.

Denmark is not among the top thirty ethanol production countries
worldwide, biodiesel remains the most prominent of the biofuels within
the European Union, and second-generation ethanol technologies are
embarking towards development and commercialization. However,
second-generation ethanol facilities in Denmark are looking towards
promising market opportunities in large ethanol consuming regions,
specifically the United States. While the growing need for sustainable
electric power can be met by other renewable energy sources, biomass is
the only renewable prospect that can meet international demands for
carbon-based liquid fuels. The current U.S. '20-in-10' plan of
increasing the use of renewable and alternative fuels by 35 billion
gallons by 2017 serves as an impetus for second generation ethanol
development in Denmark. With government support, a demonstration ethanol
pilot plant to use flexible feedstocks is currently underway within
Denmark, though the largest ethanol opportunities for Danish firms are
currently in the United States.

In terms of power production and grid interconnectivity, Denmark is
currently connected to the Scandinavian grid system, though Denmark's
power producers recognize that greater grid interconnectivity with
western, central, and southern Europe will prove to be beneficial for
Denmark's power generation facilities.

# Conclusion:

Innovation polices and programs that have targeted the sectors of energy
and sustainability have emerged in recent years among a number of
European Commission Directorates General (DG-Enterprise and Industry,
DG-Environment, DG-Energy and Transport, and DG-Research), trade
associations, and industrial sectors. The objective of these programs
has been to spur collaboration and innovation, foster economic growth,
and advance those sectors of high societal value which will positively
impact EU Member States and citizens. The EU cluster model encompasses a
broad range of stakeholders to pool together shared resources,
collectively overcome financial investment impediments, and steer public
policy towards innovation, R&D, and deployment. Successes have emerged
in the sectors of renewable energy, building and construction, energy
efficiency, and environmental technologies as a result of these
innovation clusters.

The concept of the EU innovation cluster has been implemented within
Denmark, though with slight modifications. Within Denmark, clusters may
be more narrow in scope and may incorporate the active participation
from universities and research facilities, both those in Denmark and
from outside countries. Due to the importance of the international
export market, Danish companies have noted the significance of the
national energy policies of outside nations, emerging changes in codes
and standards for specific energy sectors in neighboring countries, and
the potential adoption of Danish innovations to outside industries and
sectors that are not represented domestically. However, domestic
developments also remain a crucial element for energy innovation, most
notably in the domestic and international success of Denmark's wind
power production technologies and most recently in the development of
innovative local solar power projects. With slight adaptations to EU
innovation framework structure, Denmark has been successful in the
implementation of energy and sustainability innovation programs at the
local, national, and international levels.

# Next Steps:

As previous U.S-EU Experts Exchanges on Innovation have focused on
innovation, health care, information technology, and energy, upcoming
U.S.-EU Experts Exchanges on Innovation may be either micro (very
specific) or macro (very broad) in scope. Suggested topics for future
exchanges may either build upon the most recent exchange on energy and
environmental issues, though focus specifically on innovation in a
particular energy or environmental sector, which may include, but is not
limited to, the possible topics of renewable energy, energy efficiency,
energy conservation, carbon capture and storage, waste water management,
or air pollution control technologies. Broader, macro level programs may
highlight an issue that has implications across a broad realm of
industries or sectors. These broader innovations discussions may
include, but are not limited to, technology transfer issues, IPR
concerns, innovation and developing countries, or implications of
innovation for global trade.

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="1.395275590551181in"
height="0.8716535433070867in"}![](media/image2.jpeg){width="1.353543307086614in"
height="0.8570866141732284in"}

On the occasion of the second U.S.-EU Experts Exchange on Innovation

**Seminar:**

**ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY AS DRIVERS FOR INNOVATION**

10 - 13 December 2007

Hosted by the Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry

and by

The Danish Environmental Protection Agency

**Brussels**

**And**

**Copenhagen**

### DRAFT PROGRAMME 

## Programme in Brussels

**[Monday, December 10]{.underline}**

US Delegation arrives in Brussels early Monday morning and checks into
hotel.

**14:00-18:00: Seminar in Brussels: Session I**

> DG Enterprise and Industry, Avenue d'Auderghem 45, room 5A
>
> **Welcome to Participants:**
>
> Mrs. Francoise Le Bail, Deputy Director General, DG Enterprise and
>
> Industry
>
> **Participants' introduction**
>
> **[Innovation Policy in the United States and in Europe]{.underline}**
>
> Moderator: Mr. Reinhard Buescher, Innovation Policy Development, DG
> Enterprise and Industry
>
> Speakers:
>
> Mr. Jean-Noel Durvy, Director for Innovation Policy, DG Enterprise and
> Industry
>
> Remarks on the U.S. Initiatives to Promote Innovation in Climate
>
> Change Technologies
>
> By Mr Kevin Hurst, Senior Policy Analyst, Office of Science and
> Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President
>
> Key note speech
>
> By Mr Esko Aho, Representative of the European High Level Group on
> Clusters and President of Sitra, Finland
>
> Panel discussion
>
> Coffee

**16:00 [Innovation, Sustainability, and Energy]{.underline}**

> Moderator: Mr. Reinhard Buescher, Innovation Policy Development, DG
> Enterprise and Industry and Ms. Shannon Fraser, Department of
> Commerce, International Trade Specialist, Office of Energy and
> Environmental Industries
>
> Speakers:
>
> The project manager from CENCE (Cluster Network) Mr Iñaki Gorriño, a
> project which is part of the Europe INNOVA initiative, which consists
> of a number of sectoral networks and projects for Innovation
> Professionals
>
> Economic Policy and Incentives for Energy, Innovation, and
> Sustainability
>
> By Ms Christine McDaniel, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic
> Policy, Department of Treasury
>
> The Environmental Technology Action Plan
>
> By Mr Ian Clark, HoU Environmental Technologies, DG Environment
>
> Remarks by Mr Graeme Preston, International relations officer, Unit
> for International relations and enlargement, DG Transport and Energy
>
> Panel discussion
>
> Closing remarks by Ms. Shannon Fraser

**19:30 Dinner at Restaurant Scheltema**

> Rue des Dominicains 7, 1000 Bruxelles

**[Tuesday, December 11]{.underline}**

**09:00 -- 12:30 Seminar in Brussels: Session II:**

> DG Enterprise and Industry, Avenue d' Auderghem 45, room 14/79
>
> **[Innovation and Renewable Energy]{.underline}**
>
> *Moderator: Ms Astrid Severin, Greenovate! Europe and Mr John Panek,
> Deputy Director, Office of Clean Energy Collaboration, Office of
> Fossil Energy, Department of Energy*
>
> Speakers:
>
> Development of the European renewable energy market -- towards the
> 2010 and 2020 targets
>
> *By Ms. Christine Lins, Secretary General, European Renewable Energy*
>
> *Council (EREC)*
>
> Current Status of U.S. CCT Programs and Overview of Carbon
> Sequestration Regional Partnerships
>
> *Mr John Panek, Deputy Director, Office of Clean Energy Collaboration,
> Office of Fossil Energy, Department of Energy*
>
> European Technology Platforms and their contribution to innovation in
> the energy sector
>
> *By Ms Katharina Krell, Secretary General, European Renewable Energy
> Research Centres Agency (EUREC Agency)*
>
> Coffee at around 10.30
>
> Concentrated solar power: getting a multi-MW technology from the
> laboratory into the deserts
>
> *by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert Pitz-Paal, Director Solar Research, German
> Aerospace Centre (DLR)*
>
> Getting the construction sector lined up for sustainability
>
> *By Project manager of the Europe INNOVA STAND-INN-project Mr Svein
> Haagenruud, SINTEF Norway*
>
> Panel discussion

**12:30-13:30 Lunch at the Renewable Energy House**

> Rue d'Arlon 63-65

**13:30 --14:00 Introduction to and guided tour of the Renewable Energy
House**

> *Didrik de Schaetzen, Marketing and Communications Manager, EREC*

**14:30 -- 16:00 Seminar in Brussels: Session III**

> DG Enterprise and Industry, Avenue d' Auderghem 45, room 14/79

**[TABD: Views of industry on energy and innovation]{.underline}**

> *Moderator: Ms Marie Geiger, Department of Commerce, Office of
> European Union*
>
> Speakers:
>
> A short introduction by the head of the Transatlantic Business
> Dialogue EU Office Mr. Jeffries Briginshaw
>
> The view of the US co-chair of the TABD innovation group
>
> By Markus Becker, General Electrics
>
> The view of the EU co-chair of the TABD innovation group
>
> By Patricia Sherman, Siemens
>
> Panel discussion

15.45 Closing Remarks

> by Mr. Reinhard Buescher, Innovation Policy Development, DG
>
> Enterprise and Industry
>
> **Free Evening in Brussels**

## Site Visits in Copenhagen

**[Wednesday, December 12]{.underline}**

09:25 Depart Brussels on Flight SAS 1592; Arrive Copenhagen at 10:55 am

11:30 Transportation by taxi from airport to hotel for check in

12.30 Transportation from hotel to DONG Energy

13.00 Lunch at DONG Energy (Avedoerevaerket)

**13.45 -- 15.15 DONG Energy and Avedøreværket Power Station**

> By Bent Petri, Senior Director DONG Energy
>
> Avedøre Power Station is situated at Avedøre Holme south of Copenhagen
> and consists of two power station units, Avedøre Power Station's Unit
> 1 from 1990 and Unit 2 from 2001. The overall production capacity of
> the two Avedøre Power Station units is 810 Megawatts of electricity
> and 900 Megawatts of heat. In 2006 the power station generated a net
> quantity of 4,398 GWh of electricity and a net quantity of 12,172 TJ
> of district heating. The Avedøre Power Station has approximately 130
> employees.
>
> Avedøre Power Station's Unit 2 has facilities consisting of several
> parts that, when combined, can make record-high use of the energy in
> the fuels. By simultaneously generating heat and electricity, Avedøre
> Power Station's Unit 2 utilises as much as 94 % of the energy in the
> fuels and has an electrical efficiency of 49%. An achievement that
> makes the unit one of the most efficient in the world.

15.15 Transportation to Haldor Topsoe

**15.45-18.00 [Haldor Topsoe]{.underline}**

> By Jens Rostrup Nielsen, Deputy Chairman Topsoe Fuel Cell, Jens
> Perregaard, Technology and Area Sales Manager, Technology Divison and
> Rasmus Barfod, Project Manager, Fuel Cell Stack Development, TOFC.
>
> **[Visit to Topsoe Fuel Cell]{.underline}**
>
> Topsoe Fuel Cell is a fully owned subsidiary of Haldor Topsøe A/S. The
> company is dedicated to development, manufacturing and marketing of
> solid oxide fuel cell technology (SOFC).\
> Topsoe Fuel Cell, which is one of the major European SOFC players,
> employs a committed group of experts with a strong know-how in fuel
> cells, in total representing more than 100 man years of accumulated
> experience. Furthermore, the company has an extensive network in the
> industry and collaborates with major European and American research
> institutions as well as private companies.
>
> Haldor Topsøe is also involved in Clean Coal Conversion projects
> producing synthetic natural gas and fuels

18.00 Transportation to hotel in Copenhagen

Free evening in Copenhagen

**[Thursday, December 13]{.underline}**

9.00-9.30 Transportation to Biogasol

9:30 -- 11:00: **[Biogasol Facility at Danish Technology
University]{.underline}**

> By Birgitte K. Ahring, Professor, DTU and founder of Biogasol and
> Niels Langvad, Business Development Manager
>
> **Visit to the Danish Technological University (DTU) and BioGasol
> Facility**
>
> The Biogasol Facility is developing second-generation bioethanol from
> biomass waste products. BioGasol ApS is an engineering and technology
> company developing and designing technologies needed for second
> generation bioethanol production. BioGasol process technology is
> innovative and offers a cost effective production of bio fuels such as
> bioethanol, hydrogen, methane and other valuable by-products. BioGasol
> process technology has the potential of becoming the future industry
> standard for lignocellulosic based bio ethanol production.

11:00-11:30 Transportation to Velux

11:30 -- 12.30 **Energy Efficiency in Housing - Concept Houses and
Energy Saving**

> By Kurt Emil Eriksen, Velux
>
> Visit to Velux, where the company has constructed [a CO2 neutral
> house]{.underline}, in which the energy consumption is reduced through
> a new and revolutionising design and use of solar energy. The energy
> used in the building is produced by photovoltaic power plates placed
> at the roof. The house is an example on how the future housing may be
> designed to meet the future demands for energy efficient housing.

12.30 Transport to Gammel Dok, Copenhagen (Conference Facility)

13.00 Lunch at Gammel Dok hosted by the Danish Environmental Protection

Agency

14.00-17.30 **[Innovation and Clean Energy Seminar]{.underline}**

Gammel Dok conference facilities

> Moderator: Juliane Albjerg, Chief Adviser, Danish Environmental
> Protection Agency
>
> **Opening Remarks and Background of Transatlantic Economic Council
> (TEC) and US-EU Innovation Exchange Program**
>
> By Marie Geiger, Department of Commerce, Office of European Union
>
> **Innovation, fiscal incentives, regulation and institutional
> transformation with a focus on the wind case**
>
> By Professor Peter Karnoe and Susse Georg, Copenhagen Business
>
> School
>
> **OEEI: Programs to Enhance Competitiveness of US Energy and**
>
> **Environmental Industries**
>
> Ms. Shannon Fraser, Department of Commerce, International Trade
> Specialist, Office of Energy and Environmental Industries
>
> **Danish Technology solutions to global environmental challenges.**
>
> By Juliane Albjerg, Chief Adviser, Danish Environmental Protection
>
> Agency
>
> **Public -- private cooperation on energy technology innovation**
>
> By Nicolai Zarganis, Director, Energy Technology Development and
> Demonstration Program.
>
> Panel discussion

15.30 Coffee

> **Reaching Climate Targets through Innovative Technologies**
>
> By Anders Stouge, Director for Danish Energy Industries Federation
>
> **Prospects for Wind Turbine Industry**
>
> By Dorthe Scherling Nielsen, Vestas Wind Systems A/S
>
> **District Heating and District Cooling - Energy Efficiency at
> District Level**
>
> By Per Boysen, International Sales Manager, Danfoss District Heating,
>
> Danfoss A/S

**The potential of enzymes, reducing energy and fossil fuel
consumption**

By Danisco (tbc)

Panel discussion

> **Closing Remarks**
>
> by Ms Mette Quinn, Innovation Policy Development Unit, DG Enterprise
> and Industry of the European Commission

17.30 Transportation directly to the U.S. Ambassador's residence

> 18:00-20.30 **Reception at the Ambassador's Residence hosted by Mr.
> James P. Cain, U.S. Ambassador to Denmark**

**[Friday, December 14]{.underline}**

Depart Copenhagen for Washington, D.C.

(Flight on United/Scandinavian Airlines #9403, departing 12:20 daily)

[^1]: The first U.S.-E.U. Experts Exchange on Innovation of March 2007
    highlighted the transfer of research and technological developments
    initiated at U.S. universities and R&D institutions to U.S.
    industries and private sector entities. The participating delegates
    from E.U. member states commenced the discussions with U.S.
    government representatives in Washington D.C., and then furthered
    the discussions with university, government, research, and industry
    representatives in Raleigh (North Carolina), Madison (Wisconsin),
    and Boston (Massachusetts) to discern how technological knowledge
    and R&D innovations are transferred to the industrial sector within
    the United States.