# Determining the nature, size and age of the Universe

# Appendix B: Galaxy Images

These are the images for the Determining the nature, size and age of the
Universe Activity. They have all been taken by the
Harvard-Smithsonian\'s MicroObservatory telescopes. The images all have
a fixed angular size, with a width of 0.9 degrees and height of 0.7
degrees.

The images are given as negatives -- with black and white reversed in
the images. Part of the reason is to save on toner when printing these
for a classroom. However, astronomers will often look at images in
negative to pick out details that they might not otherwise see. The
images are also processed to make the galaxies stand out.

To illustrate this, here is an image 1) unprocessed, 2) processed so
that the grayscale is on a log scale rather than a linear scale (this
makes faint points stand out more), and 3) inverted.

1\) 2)

![](media/image1.png){width="2.925in" height="2.25in"}
![](media/image2.png){width="2.925in" height="2.25in"}

3\)

![](media/image3.png){width="2.925in" height="2.25in"}

For 3 groups, one suggested distribution of galaxies is shown in the
table below, and the galaxies are organized in this order. Each group
would get a taste of various sizes of galaxies. However, it is just as
effective to give out the galaxies randomly to the groups:

+----------------+------------------+----------------+----------------+
| Group 1        | Group 2          | Group 3        | Bonus Galaxies |
+----------------+------------------+----------------+----------------+
| NGC 253        | NGC 891          | NGC 4565       | NGC 4124       |
|                |                  |                |                |
| NGC 2300       | NGC 2543         | M 58           | NGC 5907       |
|                |                  |                |                |
| NGC 4013       | NGC 2903         | M 81           | M 65           |
|                |                  |                |                |
| M 31           | M 33             | M 96           | M 101          |
|                |                  |                |                |
| M 51           | M 109            | M 104          | M 106          |
+----------------+------------------+----------------+----------------+

# NGC 253

![](media/image4.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# NGC 2300

![](media/image5.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# NGC 4013

![](media/image6.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 31![](media/image7.png){width="6.518055555555556in" height="5.0in"}

# M 51

![](media/image8.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# NGC 891

![](media/image9.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# NGC 2543

![](media/image10.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# NGC 2903

![](media/image11.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 33

![](media/image12.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 109

![](media/image13.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# NGC 4565

![](media/image14.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 58

![](media/image15.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 81

![](media/image16.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 96

![](media/image17.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 104

![](media/image18.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# NGC 4124

![](media/image19.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# NGC 5907

![](media/image20.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 65

![](media/image21.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 101

![](media/image22.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}

# M 106

![](media/image23.png){width="6.518055555555556in"
height="5.013888888888889in"}