INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT

RELATED TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY SYSTEMS

IN INDONESIA

Prepared for :

Workshop on the Electrical Safety Systems in the Asia Pacific

Gaitherburgs - USA

18 n-22 March 2002

By

*[Ir. ANWAR SALEH MSc]{.mark}*

[PT PERDANA INDOSPECTAMA PUSAKA]{.mark}

A Member of

The Association of Indonesian Technical Inspection Company

CONTENT

I Inroduction 1

II Electricity 1

III Inspection and Enforcement 3

IV Inspection Tools and Equipment 5

V Conclusion 5

Electrical Safety Systems in The Asia Pacific Workshop

In Gaitherburgs - USA

18 - 22 March 2002

INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT RELATED TO THE ELECTRICAL SAFETY SYSTEM IN
INDONESIA

I. INTRODUCTION.

Indonesia is a world's largest archipelago, an enormous chain of islands
sparring a distances of more than 5,900 kilometer (3,800 miles) along
the equator from Sumatera in the west to New Guinea in the east.

To get better idea of the country, over a map of Northern America,
Indonesian archipelago stretches from California to Bermuda.

All those thousands islands which is big and small is only around 40 %
of the total area, and the rest around 60 % consist of the seas.

Indonesian population in the present time is more than 215 million, They
consist of various different ethnics, languages and cultures. But the
Indonesia agreed to have one national language \"Bahasa Indonesia\"
which is used in formal/business oral and written communication.

II\. ELECTRICITY.

In 1999/2000 the capacity of the national power system was 38.599 MW,
consisting of the installed PLN power system 22,732 MW, non-PLN 15,215
MW and private sector 651.80 MW. Compared to the year 1998/1999 35,676
the capacity of the national power system increased 2,923 MW or 8 %.

The transmission lines increased 527.83 kmc from 23,860.91 to 24,388.74
kmc. The increase of each is follows: JTET (Extra High Voltage
Transmission Lines) has increased 102.2 kmc and JTT (High Voltage
Transmission Lines) has increased 426 kmc. The sub stations increased
1,422 MVA from 45,361 MVA to 46,783 MVA. In distribution, JTM (Medium
Voltage Lines) has increased 21,524 kmc, JTR (Low Voltage Lines) has
increased 21,995 kmc and distribution sub stations has increased 385
MVA.

The supply of electricity in 1999/2000 was 87,999,212 MWh, consisting of
PLN's self production of 83,164,466 MWH and purchase of 4,834,746 MWh.
Compared to the year 1998/1999, the electricity production has increased
3,140,712 MWh, while the purchased electricity has increased 1,912,124
MWh.

The sale of PLN electricity was 73,560,041 MWh, an increased of
7,525,025 MWh or 11.03 % over the sale in 1998/1999.

Sales to industrial sector were 32,412,088 MWh, while that to
residential sector 27,745,936 MWh, to commercial sector or business
enterprises 9,569,216 MWh and to public sector 3,832,801 MWh.

The number of customers reached 27,726,932 an increase of 953,288 0r
3.56 %. Residential was the largest group of customers, numbering in
26,015,859 or 93.8 % of all customers. Rural residential customers
totaled 18,683,181 equivalent to 67.38 % of the residential group.

Electrification ratio is the ratio of electrified household to the total
households. Until 1999/2000 electrification ratio has realized 56.75 %.
Compared to 1998/1999 where electrification ratio was 56.2 %

The connected capacity per capita is the percentage of the total
connected capacity to the total of population in Indonesia. The PLN
connected capacity in 1999/2000 is 36,643,907 KVA and the projection of
population was about 207,456,600. It means percapita connected capacity
is 176.63 VA.

Per capita electricity consumption is the percentage of electricity
consumption to the total population. Total population up to 1999/2000 is
207,456,600 and consumption of electric energy is 73,560,041 thousand
kWh. Therefore, the per capita electricity consumption is 354 kWh.

Rural electrification ratio is the percentage of the electrified
villages to the total one. The electrified villages up to 1999/2000 has
been 48,675 villages. While the total number of villages according to
the Department of Internal Affairs is 61,975, consisting of 39,317
villages outside of Java and 22,658 villages in Java. Therefore, rural
electrification ratio is 78.54 %, while the ratio of outside Java was
67.49 % and in Java 97.71 %.

Independent Power Plant.

Up to March 31, 2000 the Independent Power Plant is 1,586.3 MW. In South
Sulawesi 220 MW, Irian Jaya 120 MW, Central Java 26 MW, East Java 800 MW
and West Java 402 MW.

Captive Power Plant.

Up to March 31, 1999 the installed capacity of the Non-PLN was 15,215.02
MW, while the captive power permitted was 8,979.79MW.

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#### III. INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT

The electricity is a vital need for human life and in developing the
economy and nation quality life.

That is why, Indonesian government always and continually put attention
and maximum priority on the development of the electricity sector in
national development program, in effort to maintain the electric power
supply for fulfilling the electric power need.

While on one side the using of electric power gives a great help to
human activity, on another side the electric power can cause a potential
hazard to human life and to environment

The hazard can cause damages to :

-   Electric Generation System

-   Electric Transmission System

-   Electric Distribution System.

The Damages of the system can be cause by :

Design, preparation, construction, and installation.

Material quality

Maintenance and services during operation

The above mention damages can cause the failure of electric power supply
to consumer which consist of government institution, industry, social
organization and people.

The failure of electric power supply can cause huge losses to
government, industrialist, social organization and people

In the Indonesian National Electric Act is stated that Indonesian
government is responsible for providing safe, reliable and efficiently
electric power supply and environmental friendly.

In the present time the electric power supplies are provided by the
government owned company and by private company.

To provide the safe, reliable, efficiently and environmental friendly
electric power supply, Indonesian government establishes the act and the
regulations in which the installation and maintenance of electric power
plant, transmission, distribution, receiving facilities in building are
required to follow the existing regulations, standards and codes
especially design, technology, and health, safety and environmental
requirements

All electric equipment, power plant, transmission, distribution, and the
receiving facilities should be guaranteed that they are save, reliable
and environmental friendly, which should be backed up by certificates of
goodness issued by technical inspection company (independent third
party).

After reviewing the certificates, Indonesian government according the
certificates will allow the owner to operate those electrical equipment,
electrical power plant, transmission, distribution and receiving
facilities

The Technical Inspection Companies have to review documents (design
calculation, design drawing, lay out drawing, code and standard and
requirements), to inspect physically the electrical equipment, power
plant, transmission, distribution and receiving facilities prior the
issuance of certificates.

IV\. INSPECTION TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Inspection, monitoring, controlling of the electrical equipment, power
plant, transmission, distribution and receiving facilities require some
other tools and instrument which are used to measure or to test rotation
per minute, vibration, temperature, the flow of lubricating oil, cable
resistance, voltage, current, excess current etc.

Some of the above mention tools and equipment are portable, some others
are fix installed on the electrical system.

Some of monitoring and controlling tools or equipment are provided with
computer program. Such tools or equipment capable to analysis the
troubles which happen/occur during process.

Working Permit and Installer License.

Frankly speaking, Indonesia does not manufacture such equipment and
tools, mostly are imported.

V. CONCLUSION.

The above mention data show us that the consumption of the electric
energy in Indonesia is still low.

The low consumption of electric power in Indonesia is caused by the
geographic condition of Indonesia, consisting of islands, especially
remote small islands and low occupancy islands.

Another importance handicap in electric power consumption is the bad
economic condition which is not recovery yet, especially in the last two
three years.

As a developing country, we are now putting a big effort with all our
capability to achieve the maximum electric power consumption close to
the international standard.

To obtain the above mention goal, beside promoting electric/electronic
sciences and technology education, we also develop and establish the
electric power sources.

Following the developed country, in the present time we are installing/
establishing the electric power generation plant to fulfill our need in
electric power.

The electric power generation plants are installing according the local
situation and condition, the place, the size of the islands, the
existing of energy sources. Among others electric power generation using
natural steam (geothermal), generated steam (coal, oil, gas/natural
gas); electric power generation using internal combustion engine
(diesel, gas/natural gas); or nuclear electric power generation. Using
of nuclear power subject is being evaluated from environmental safety
view of point.

Finally, frankly speaking, Indonesian development especially on the
electrical power supply will be continued. Indonesia with her large
amount of natural resources and population invites you to participate in
her development.