### **ITEM P-217 AGGREGATE-TURF PAVEMENT**

DESCRIPTION

**217-1.1**  This item shall consist of an aggregate-turf pavement
composed of a base course of soil-bound crushed stone, soil-bound
gravel, or soil-bound sand, and a seedbed of suitable soil or
combination of soil and aggregate, constructed on a prepared subgrade or
a previously constructed underlying course in accordance with these
specifications, and shall conform to the dimensions and typical cross
section shown on the plans.

This item may include the furnishing and applying of fertilizer, lime,
top-soil, or other plant nutrients; the furnishing and planting of seed;
and the furnishing and spreading of mulch.  When any of these turfing
materials are required, the quality, quantity, and construction methods
shall be in accordance with applicable FAA Turf Specifications.  When
turf is to be established, the seedbed soil or topsoil shall be a
natural friable soil, possessing characteristics of the best locally
obtainable soils, which can produce a fairly heavy growth of crops,
grass, or other vegetation.

The prepared composite mixture of aggregates used for the base course
shall be **\[Type A, B, or C, of Table 1\]\[stabilizer aggregate of
Table 2 mixed with in-place materials\]**.

MATERIALS

**217-2.1 STABILIZED MIXES**.  The designated stabilized base course
mixtures shall conform to the following requirements.

Type A -- The materials shall be natural or artificial mixtures of clay
or soil binder and gravel, stone or sand, as screenings proportioned to
meet the requirements specified.

Type B or C -- The materials shall be natural or artificial mixtures of
gravel, stone, or slag and soil so proportioned as to meet the
requirement specified. The aggregate shall consist of clean, hard
durable particles of crushed or uncrushed gravel, stone, or slag, and
shall be free from soft, thin, elongated, or laminated pieces, and
vegetable or other deleterious substances.

The prepared composite mixture used shall meet one of the applicable
gradation requirements as follows when tested in accordance with ASTM C
136.

**TABLE 1. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADATION OF MIXTURE**

  ------------------------- --------------- --------------- -------------
  **Sieve Designation**     **Percentage by                 
                            weight passing                  
                            sieves**                        

  **(square openings)**     **A**           **B**           **C**

  2 inch (50.0 mm)          0               0               100

  1 inch (24.0 mm)          100             100             70-95

  3/4 inch (19.0 mm)        0               70-100          

  No. 4 (4.75 mm)           0               40-70           

  No. 10 (2.00 mm)          60-100          40-70           32-60

  No. 20 (.085 mm)          50-90           0               0

  No. 40 (0.425 mm)         40-75           20-45           20-40

  No. 200 (0.075 mm)        12-30           10-20           10-20
  ------------------------- --------------- --------------- -------------

The fraction of the composite mixture passing the No. 200 (0.075 mm)
mesh sieve shall be less than two-thirds of the fraction passing the No.
40 (0.425 mm) mesh sieve.  the fraction passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm)
mesh sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than 30 and a
plasticity index not greater than 8 when tested in accordance with ASTM
D 4318.

**217-2.2 STABILIZER AGGREGATE**.  Stabilizer aggregate conforming to
one of the gradations specified in Table 2, when tested in accordance
with ASTM C 136, shall be placed upon the existing soil or base course
in the specified quantity per square yard (square meter).  The aggregate
shall be uniformly blended with the soil or base course material to the
depth required or as shown on the plans.  The aggregate shall consist of
crushed stone, crushed or uncrushed gravel, or crushed slag, and it
shall have a percent of wear not more than 60 at 500 revolutions as
determined by ASTM C 131.  The aggregate shall be free from soft, thin,
elongated, or laminated pieces, disintegrated material, or other
deleterious substances.

Where sand, as existing subgrade or base, requires stabilization, it
shall be secured by the addition of clay or lime rock.  The operations
of spreading and mixing shall be handled as stated under construction
methods.

**TABLE 2. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADATION OF STABILIZER AGGREGATE**

  ------------------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
  **Sieve designation**     **Percentage by                 
                            weight passing                  
                            sieves**                        

  **(square openings)**     **D**           **E**           **F**

  2 inch (50.0 mm)                          100             

  1‑1/2 inch (37.5 mm)      100                             

  1 inch (24.0 mm)          90-100                          

  1/2 inch (12.5 mm)                        0-15            100

  No. 4 (4.75 mm)           20-50                           85-100

  No. 10 (2.00 mm)          0-10                            

  No. 100 (0.150 mm)                                        0-30
  ------------------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

**217-3.1 OPERATION IN PITS**.  All work involved in clearing and
stripping pits, including handling of unsuitable material, shall be
performed by the Contractor at his/her own expense.  The base or binder
material shall be obtained from approved sources.  The material in the
pits shall be excavated and handled in a manner that will secure a
uniform and satisfactory product.

**217-3.2 EQUIPMENT**.  All equipment necessary for the proper
construction of this work shall be on the project in first-class working
condition and approved by the Engineer before construction is permitted
to start.

**217-3.3 PREPARING SUBGRADE**.  Before any base course material is
placed, the subgrade or underlying course shall be prepared and
conditioned as specified.  The underlying course shall be checked and
accepted by the Engineer before placing and spreading operations are
started.

**217-3.4 PLACING MATERIALS**.

**a.**  All new material shall be placed on the prepared course and
compacted in layers of the thickness shown on the plans.  The depositing
and spreading of the material on the prepared and completed layer shall
commence where designated and shall progress without breaks.  The
material shall be deposited and spread in lanes in a uniform layer and
without segregation of size to such loose depth that, when compacted,
the layer will have the required thickness.  The material shall be
spread with approved equipment.  When it is necessary to combine
materials from different sources, it may be done either at the pits, in
a processing plant prior to delivery of the material, or on the course
in the proper proportions and in successive spreadings that give the
required gradation and thickness of layer.  If the combining is done on
the course, the mixing shall be as specified hereinafter.

**b.**  When it is necessary to blend new material with material on the
existing surface, the existing surface shall first be scarified lightly
and bladed to uniform grade and cross section as shown on the plans. 
After blading, and when necessary, the existing surface shall be further
scarified and/or pulverized to provide sufficient loose material of the
required depth to be mixed with the added material.

**217-3.5 SPREADING AND MIXING**.

**a.**  Materials that have been mixed and processed in a processing
plant at the pits, or elsewhere, shall be delivered and spread to the
required depth.

**b.**  Following the placing of the required materials being combined
on the base course, the total base material shall be thoroughly
pulverized and mixed by approved rotary-pulverizing mixers.  The
moisture content of the aggregate and soil binder shall be as specified
by the Engineer to secure thorough mixing and the required compaction. 
The mixing shall produce a homogeneous mass of the specified gradation
and soil characteristics to form a base course of the desired
qualities.  When the mixing is completed, the material shall be spread
in a uniform layer which, when compacted, shall meet the requirements
for thickness and typical cross section.

**217-3.6 ROLLING**.  Immediately after completion of the spreading
operations, the material shall be thoroughly compacted.  The number,
type, and weight of rollers shall be sufficient to compact the material
to the required density.

The field density of the compacted material shall be at least 90 percent
of the maximum density of laboratory specimens prepared from samples of
the subbase material taken from the material delivered to the jobsite. 
The laboratory specimens shall be compacted and tested in accordance
with ASTM D 698.  The in-place field density shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM D 1556 or ASTM D 2167.  The moisture content of the
material at the start of compaction shall not be below nor more than
1-1/2 percentage points above the optimum moisture content.

**217-3.7 SURFACE TEST, THICKNESS, AND MAINTENANCE**.  The surface shall
not deviate more than 1/2 inch (12 mm) when tested with a 16-foot (4.8
m) straightedge applied parallel with, and at right angles to, the
centerline.  Any deviation in excess of this amount shall be corrected
by loosening, adding, or removing material, reshaping, and recompacting.

The thickness of the base course shall be determined by depth tests or
cores taken at intervals in such manner that each test shall represent
not more than 500 square yards (418 square meters).  When the base
deficiency exceeds 1/2 inch (12 mm), it shall be corrected.  The
Contractor shall replace, at his/her expense, the base material where
borings have been taken for test purposes.

The surface of the base course shall be maintained and kept in a
well-drained condition until the construction of another course. 
Sprinkling, blading, and rolling shall be performed when necessary to
prevent the base material from becoming unbonded.

**217-3.8 TURF-SURFACING**.  Following the construction of the
soil-aggregate base, the Contractor shall prepare the seedbed for the
turf.  If topsoil is to be placed, the surface of the base course shall
be loosened slightly, as directed by the Engineer.  If seeding is to be
done without topsoiling, the surface of the base shall be loosened
sufficiently to prepare a seedbed.  This can be accomplished by discing,
harrowing, rotary-tilling, or other approved methods, and should be to a
depth not less than 1 inch (25 mm) nor greater than 3 inches (75 mm). 
Any topsoil shall be spread to the depth as required.  The seedbed
preparation, applying lime, fertilizer and water, seeding, rolling and
mulching, shall be performed in accordance with the specification
requirements.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

**217-4.1**.  Soil-aggregate base course shall be measured by the number
of cubic yards (cubic meters) of base course material placed, bonded,
and accepted in the completed base course.  The quantity shall be
measured in final position based on depth tests or cores, or by means of
average end areas on the completed work.

Stabilizer aggregate shall be measured by the number of cubic yards
(cubic meters) of aggregate furnished, placed, and accepted in the
completed base course.

When approved materials in-place are utilized in the base course, the
preparation and incorporation of other materials in the base mixture
shall be measured as a conditioning and mixing operation.  Conditioning
shall be measured by the number of square yards (square meters) of such
material prepared and incorporated in the mix, completed, and accepted.

**\[Topsoil shall be measured by the number of cubic yards (cubic
meters) of topsoil removed, placed, and spread in the accepted work.\]**

**\[Lime and fertilizer shall be measured by the number of tons (kg) or
100-pound (45.4 kg) sacks, of the quality specified in the bid schedule,
furnished, incorporated, and accepted.\]**

**\[Seeding shall be measured by the number of acres seeded, and
accepted.\]**

**\[Watering for planting shall be measured by the number of
1,000-gallon (4000 liters) units of water measured by an approved water
meter or in the vehicle at the point of delivery, furnished and applied
as specified or ordered.\]**

**\[Mulching shall be measured by the number of acres mulched, and
accepted.\]**

BASIS OF PAYMENT

**217‑5.1**   Payment shall be made at the contract unit price per cubic
yard (cubic meter) for soil-aggregate base course; at the contract unit
price per cubic yard (cubic meter) for stabilizer aggregate; at the
contract unit price per square yard (cubic meter) for conditioning
operation; at the contract unit price per cubic yard (square meter) for
topsoil; at the contract unit price per ton (kg) for lime; at the
contract unit price per ton (kg) for fertilizer; at the contract unit
price per acre for seeding; at the contract unit price per 1,000-gallon
(4000 liter) unit for watering; and at the contract unit price per acre
for mulching.  These prices shall be full compensation for furnishing
all materials and for all preparation, hauling, and placing of these
materials; and for all labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals
necessary to complete the item.

Payment will be made under:

Item P-217-5.1 Soil Aggregate Base Course---per cubic yard (cubic meter)

Item P-217-5.2 Stabilizer Aggregate---per cubic yard (cubic meter)

Item P-217-5.3 Conditioning Operation---per square yard (cubic meter)

Item P-217-5.4 Topsoil---per cubic yard (cubic meter)

Item P-217-5.5 Lime---per ton (kg)

Item P-217-5.6 Fertilizer---per ton (kg)

Item P-217-5.7 Seeding---per acre

Item P-217-5.8 Watering---per 1,000-gallon (4000 liter) unit

Item P-217-5.9 Mulching---per acre

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> **The Engineer shall include only those items shown in the bid
> schedule.**

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TESTING REQUIREMENTS

ASTM C 131 Resistance to Abrasion of Small Size Coarse Aggregate by Use
of the Los Angeles Machine

ASTM C 136 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM D 698 Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil-Aggregate
Mixtures Using 5.5 lb (2.49 kg) Rammer and 12-inch (300 mm) Drop

ASTM D 1556 Density of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method

END OF ITEM P-217

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