EASA VALIDATION OF USA

SMALL AIRPLANES

TYPE VALIDATION PRINCIPLES AGREEMENT

NON-SSD POTENTIAL VALIDATION ITEMS

14 CFR Part 23 AMENDMENT 57 ***compared to*** CS-23 effective November
14, 2003 (Decision No. 2003/14/RM)

Note: All of these VIs have been imposed by EASA on one or more jet
airplanes.

+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| * | **Potential  | **Rule** | **Export USA aircraft into EASA**      |
| * | items**      |          |                                        |
| V |              |          |                                        |
| I |              |          |                                        |
| * |              |          |                                        |
| * |              |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Artificial   | 23.691   | CS-23 has no corresponding rule so a   |
|   | stall        |          | stall barrier needed to comply with    |
|   | barrier      |          | wings level stall will have special    |
|   | system       |          | conditions.                            |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Required     | 23.1311  | If non-electronic standby displays are |
|   | secondary    |          | installed, CS 23.1311 requires an      |
|   | instruments  |          | independent magnetic direction         |
|   |              |          | indicator and an independent secondary |
|   |              |          | mechanical magnetic direction          |
|   |              |          | indicator.                             |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 3 | Special      |          | EASA requires special conditions from  |
|   | Condition:   |          | JAR 25 and has proposed rulemaking in  |
|   | Human        |          | NPA 15/2004.                           |
|   | Factors for  |          |                                        |
|   | Integrated   |          |                                        |
|   | Displays     |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 4 | Performance  | JAR-OPS  | JAR-OPS 1 is EASA\'s operational rule  |
|   | data         | 1        | for transports. EASA considers all     |
|   |              |          | jets should be treated like transports |
|   |              |          | and thus all jets must operate the     |
|   |              |          | same way and manufacturers must        |
|   |              |          | provide all the same data. There are   |
|   |              |          | safety issues surrounding this issue   |
|   |              |          | because of the differences in          |
|   |              |          | published landing performance between  |
|   |              |          | US and Europe and part 121 and part    |
|   |              |          | 91.                                    |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 5 | Braking      | Safety   | They are applying a commuter category  |
|   | performance  | finding  | requirement in our special conditions  |
|   |              |          | to airplanes under 6000 lbs.           |
|   |              | 23.735   |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 6 | Landing in   |          | Part 23 only requires consideration of |
|   | Abnormal     |          | other surfaces besides dry, hard       |
|   | conditions   |          | surface. Typically this is done by     |
|   |              |          | adding factors to the dry, hard        |
|   |              |          | surface condition.                     |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 7 | Birdstrike   |          | Birdstrike on leading edge of wing     |
|   |              |          | resulting in possible fuel spillage    |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 8 | Engine       | 23       | Engine unbalance loads (one blade out) |
|   |              | .901/903 |                                        |
|   |              |          |                                        |
|   |              | P        |                                        |
|   |              | otential |                                        |
|   |              | issue    |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 9 | Engine       | ELOS     | Engine shut-off means                  |
|   |              |          |                                        |
|   |              | 23       |                                        |
|   |              | .777/781 |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Engine       | Special  | Firex system                           |
| 0 |              | C        |                                        |
|   |              | ondition |                                        |
|   |              |          |                                        |
|   |              | 23.1195  |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Engine       | Special  | FADEC Integration                      |
| 1 |              | C        |                                        |
|   |              | ondition |                                        |
|   |              |          |                                        |
|   |              | 23.1309  |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Electrical   | Special  | Electronic circuit breakers            |
| 2 | System       | C        |                                        |
|   |              | ondition |                                        |
|   |              |          |                                        |
|   |              | 23.1357  |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Brakes       | Special  | Worn brake performance per Part 25     |
| 3 |              | C        |                                        |
|   |              | ondition |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Structures   | MOC      | Bonding of aluminum                    |
| 4 |              |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Electrical   | 23.1309  | Wiring per Part 25 guidance            |
| 5 |              |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Electronic   | P        | FAA Flight Standards recently issued   |
| 6 | Flight       | otential | guidance on this issue.                |
|   | manual       | issue    |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Engine       | Part 33  |                                        |
| 7 | validation   | MOC      |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Arrangements | 23.901   |                                        |
| 8 | for          | MOC      |                                        |
|   | eng          |          |                                        |
|   | ine/aircraft |          |                                        |
|   | c            |          |                                        |
|   | ertification |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 1 | Fire         | 23.851   |                                        |
| 9 | extinguisher | MOC      |                                        |
|   | agent        |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Generator    | 23.901   |                                        |
| 0 | cooling      | MOC      |                                        |
|   | inlet        |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Safety       | 23.1309  |                                        |
| 1 | assessment   | MOC      |                                        |
|   | aircraft     |          |                                        |
|   | cl           |          |                                        |
|   | assification |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Liquid       | MOC      | Viewing angles and symbology           |
| 2 | crystal      |          |                                        |
|   | displays     |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Flap system  | Special  | Unusual feature                        |
| 3 | int          | c        |                                        |
|   | erconnection | ondition |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Sidestick    | Special  | FAA took the position that we would    |
| 4 | forces       | co       | issue special conditions if stick      |
|   |              | nditions | forces were found to be too high by    |
|   |              |          | FAA pilots. To date, the control       |
|   |              |          | forces and harmony have been           |
|   |              |          | acceptable.                            |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Main Door    | Special  | EASA has applied Part 25 door latching |
| 5 |              | co       | rules to jets.                         |
|   |              | nditions |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Battery      | Special  |                                        |
| 6 | endurance    | co       |                                        |
|   |              | nditions |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Starting and | Special  |                                        |
| 7 | generating   | c        |                                        |
|   | system       | ondition |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | GPS as       | MOC      | CRI requires compliance to EASA AMC    |
| 8 | primary      |          | 20-5, issue 1: "Airworthiness Approval |
|   |              |          | and Operational Criteria for the Use   |
|   |              |          | of Navstar Global Positioning System   |
|   |              |          | (GPS)."                                |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 2 | Solid State  | Special  | Our special conditions apply to        |
| 9 | Power        | co       | electronic issues while EASA considers |
|   | Controllers  | nditions | Human Factors, smoke and fire drills,  |
|   |              |          | and one applicant had to address       |
|   |              |          | physical damage caused by bird         |
|   |              |          | strikes, fires, rotorburst, etc.       |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 3 | Thickness of | Special  | Considers than skins less than 0.080   |
| 0 | bonded fuel  | c        | inches are subject to pinholes from    |
|   | tank skins,  | ondition | lightning and thus fuel tank           |
|   | lightning    |          | explosion.                             |
|   | protection   |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 3 | Database and | 23.1309  | CRI is based on JAR 25.1309 and CRI    |
| 1 | c            |          | F-01.                                  |
|   | onfiguration |          |                                        |
|   | files        |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 3 | Electrical   | 23.1309  | EASA expects a 5 second recognition    |
| 2 | load         |          | time.                                  |
|   | shedding     |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 3 | Master       |          | EASA required the master switch be     |
| 3 | switch color |          | Red.                                   |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 3 | Laminar flow | Special  | FAA stopped consideration of laminar   |
| 4 |              | c        | flow airfoils because we found that    |
|   |              | ondition | normal flight testing identifies poor  |
|   |              |          | flight characteristics.                |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 3 | Speedbrakes  |          | EASA applies CS 25.253(a)(5).          |
| 5 |              |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+
| 3 | Safe flyaway |          | EASA is applying CS 25/part 25         |
| 6 | cha          |          | requirements.                          |
|   | racteristics |          |                                        |
+---+--------------+----------+----------------------------------------+