**SUBMITTER**

Claudia F. Giulivi

Oceanography 202-E

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University

Palisades, NY 10964

Email: claudiag@ldeo.columbia.edu

Phone: (914) 365-8576

Fax: (914) 365-8157

**PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR**

Stanley S. Jacobs

Oceanography 203-D

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University

Palisades, NY 10964

Email: sjacobs@ldeo.columbia.edu

Phone: (914) 365-8326

Fax: (914) 365-8157

**PROJECT**

This document describes the collection and reduction of the
oceanographic data (CTD) taken in the Ross Sea aboard R/V Nathaniel
Palmer, cruise NP9406, in support of the Ross Sea Polynya Project
(Smith, 1995). This cruise departed and returned to Lyttleton, New
Zealand. Science operations were from 09 November to 08 December 1994,
and the oceanographic work is summarized in Jacobs et al. (1995). A more
detailed version of this report appears in Giulivi et al., 1995.

**FUNDING AGENCY**

National Science Foundation

Office of Polar Programs

Grants:

OPP 92-20009 and OPP 94-18151

**DATA FILES**

dp946nnn: CTD data (downtrace) where nnn is station number (nnn = 006 to
156).

up946nnn: CTD data (uptrace) where nnn is station number (nnn = 006 to
156).

b946nnn: Bottle data where nnn is station number (nnn = 006 to 156).

The first stations on the cruise (001 to 006) were occupied for the
purpose of system testing and are not included in this data set.

**DESCRIPTION OF DATA FILES**

All data files are written in ASCII format.

The first line in data files is in the format:

TPPCC SSS C SDD.DDDD SDDD.DDDD YY/MM/DD YDA HH:MM CRUISE_ID

T - Data type (C: CTD, B: bottle).

PP - NODC platform code.

CC - NODC country code of the platform.

SSS - Station number.

C - Cast mode (1=downtrace, 2=uptrace).

SDD.DDDD - latitude in decimal degrees (S: sign, negative in the Western
and Southern hemispheres).

SDDD.DDDD - longitude in decimal degrees (S: sign, negative in the
Western and Southern hemispheres).

YY/MM/DD - date, year/month/day.

YDA - Julian day for year of collection.

HH:MM - time, hour:minutes (GMT).

> (Note: Latitude, longitude, date, Julian day and time are reported at
> the start of the cast (downtrace files) or at the end the cast
> (uptrace or bottle files).

CRUISE_ID - cruise name NP9406

The second line is preceded by the \"&\" character and contains
additional cast information:

> ZZ: Bottom depth in meters , determined acoustically with an EK Simrad
> System and is not corrected for sound speed variability.

TA: Air temperature in C;

PA: Atmospheric pressure in milibars;

WD: Wind direction in degrees from North.

WS: Wind speed in m/s.

The third line begins with @ where each data column is identified by a
two letter mnemonic. Where:

PR Pressure \[decibars\].

TE In situ temperature \[°C\] (IPTS-68).

SA Salinity (PSS-78).

PT Potential temperature \[°C\].

S0 Density anomaly referenced to 0 dbar \[m^-3^ kg\].

RN Rosette bottle number.

RS Rosette salinity (PSS-78).

DE Depth \[meters\] (Saunders, 1981).

Note: In general, any missing data is reported as a -9 or -9.000.

**ADDITIONAL INFORMATION**

CTD - Rosette Data Collection

Vertical profiles of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) were made at
156 stations, with 66 casts to near the bottom. Most stations were
arranged in five full sections along 75S, 76.5S, 173E and a diagonal
line between the latitude sections. Table 1 provides station number,
date, station location and time at the beginning and at the end of each
cast, maximum pressure reached during the cast and uncorrected water
depth. On deep casts, the CTD was lowered to within a few meters of the
bottom, using a SIMRAD 38 kHz echosounder. The CTD measurements were
made with a Sea-Bird CTD system 911 plus with a TC duct and a SBE 11
Deck Unit. Water samples, often paired, were taken with 10 L Niskin
bottles on a 24 bottle rosette frame. Some of these samples were
processed on a Guildline Autosal Model 8400A salinometer to monitor the
CTD conductivity sensors. Wormley Standard Seawater batches P115, P118
and P122 were used to standardize the salinometer for all salinity
determinations.

Table 1

NP9406

  ----- ---------- ------ ------- ---------- ----------- ------- ---------- ----------- -------- ------ --------
  St#   Yr/Mo/Da   Jday   Start   Latitude   Longitude   End     Latitude   Longitude   Max_pr          U_dep.
                          time                           time                                           

  001   94/11/09   313    19:59   69 37.81 S 176 34.92 W 21:12   69 37.60 S 176 35.15 W 1001     4000   

  002   94/11/09   313    23:05   69 36.80 S 176 35.60 W 23:25   69 36.81 S 176 35.65 W 11       4082   

  003   94/11/10   314    01:26   69 36.68 S 176 35.94 W 01:53   69 36.63 S 176 35.89 W 163      4083   

  004   94/11/11   315    00:01   71 20.77 S 178 25.45 W 00:35   71 20.73 S 178 25.57 W 503      1586   

  005   94/11/11   315    20:39   73 11.09 S 179 10.01 W 21:00   73 11.09 S 179 09.64 W 20       500    

  006   94/11/13   317    05:02   76 28.50 S 179 56.94 W 05:36   76 28.39 S 179 56.34 W 151      342    

  007   94/11/13   317    08:55   76 27.84 S 179 51.38 W 09:32   76 27.73 S 179 50.10 W 425      435    

  008   94/11/13   317    13:30   76 29.87 S 177 39.78 W 14:00   76 29.66 S 177 38.55 W 151      601    

  009   94/11/13   317    15:05   76 29.16 S 177 36.08 W 15:59   76 28.70 S 177 34.19 W 586      598    

  010   94/11/13   317    18:06   76 29.85 S 178 50.05 W 19:05   76 29.27 S 178 48.07 W 628      647    

  011   94/11/13   317    21:04   76 29.83 S 179 57.17 E 21:40   76 29.57 S 179 57.58 E 151      300    

  012   94/11/14   318    00:26   76 30.17 S 179 59.36 W 00:41   76 30.16 S 179 59.46 W 5        350    

  013   94/11/14   318    05:10   76 30.59 S 179 57.19 W 05:29   76 30.63 S 179 56.69 W 51       420    

  014   94/11/14   318    07:11   76 31.08 S 179 54.71 W 07:52   76 31.20 S 179 54.03 W 471      486    

  015   94/11/14   318    09:10   76 31.45 S 179 52.75 W 09:46   76 31.55 S 179 52.32 W 505      522    

  016   94/11/14   318    17:47   76 29.99 S 178 49.87 W 18:20   76 29.87 S 178 50.86 W 151      314    

  017   94/11/14   318    20:17   76 30.01 S 177 39.73 W 20:51   76 29.98 S 177 39.94 W 151      378    

  018   94/11/14   318    22:14   76 29.99 S 177 40.16 E 22:54   76 30.08 S 177 40.31 E 363      377    

  019   94/11/15   319    00:29   76 30.35 S 177 40.91 E 00:50   76 30.39 S 177 40.86 E 51       371    

  020   94/11/15   319    03:23   76 29.57 S 176 28.78 E 03:51   76 29.56 S 176 29.46 E 151      417    

  021   94/11/15   319    05:55   76 30.01 S 175 29.47 E 06:31   76 30.15 S 175 29.49 E 151      444    

  022   94/11/15   319    09:22   76 30.80 S 175 28.85 E 10:04   76 31.02 S 175 28.92 E 427      441    

  023   94/11/15   319    11:46   76 29.96 S 174 19.96 E 12:23   76 30.14 S 174 20.17 E 152      536    

  024   94/11/15   319    14:14   76 30.03 S 173 09.93 E 14:49   76 30.03 S 173 10.05 E 150      635    

  025   94/11/15   319    15:55   76 29.91 S 173 10.15 E 16:13   76 29.87 S 173 10.16 E 8        633    

  026   94/11/15   319    18:18   76 29.33 S 173 10.42 E 19:16   76 29.04 S 173 10.44 E 615      633    

  027   94/11/15   319    20:17   76 28.71 S 173 10.62 E 20:35   76 28.62 S 173 10.63 E 11       633    

  028   94/11/15   319    21:37   76 28.27 S 173 10.43 E 22:04   76 28.11 S 173 10.34 E 33       637    

  029   94/11/16   320    00:39   76 30.00 S 171 59.36 E 01:12   76 30.03 S 171 58.92 E 151      674    

  030   94/11/16   320    03:18   76 29.89 S 170 49.85 E 03:52   76 29.88 S 170 50.09 E 151      665    

  031   94/11/16   320    05:05   76 29.83 S 170 50.74 E 05:51   76 29.82 S 170 51.18 E 650      666    

  032   94/11/16   320    07:59   76 30.01 S 169 39.10 E 08:24   76 30.02 S 169.39.19 E 151      755    

  033   94/11/16   320    12:45   76 29.43 S 168 29.22 E 13:18   76 29.46 S 168.29.30 E 150      754    

  034   94/11/16   320    15:33   76 29.49 S 168 29.54 E 16:33   76 29.48 S 168.29.58 E 733      754    

  035   94/11/16   320    18:26   76 29.89 S 168 31.54 E 19:08   76 29.87 S 168 31.48 E 151      758    

  036   94/11/16   320    21:23   76 29.73 S 168 31.15 E 22:21   76 29.73 S 168 31.35 E 735      755    

  037   94/11/16   320    23:32   76 29.82 S 168 31.83 E 00:06   76 29.81 S 168 31.00 E 152      757    

  038   94/11/17   321    20:11   76 29.94 S 172 59.53 E 20:53   76 29.91 S 172 58.90 E 150      630    

  039   94/11/17   321    22:46   76 29.90 S 172 55.70 E 23:09   76 29.92 S 172 55.17 E 6        634    

  040   94/11/18   322    02:28   76 30.52 S 172 50.76 E 02:54   76 30.51 S 172 50.08 E 151      635    

  041   94/11/18   322    03:47   76 30.65 S 172 47.94 E 03:57   76 30.63 S 172 47.56 E 150      635    

  042   94/11/18   322    04:03   76 30.67 S 172 47.38 E 05:20   76 30.83 S 172 45.38 E 626      641    

  043   94/11/18   322    17:01   76 29.88 S 172 59.81 E 17:33   76 29.57 S 172 59.01 E 151      630    

  044   94/11/18   322    20:56   76 25.65 S 172 00.62 E 21:36   76 25.08 S 171 58.89 E 151      666    

  045   94/11/19   323    00:33   76 22.63 S 171 52.43 E 01:23   76 22.01 S 171 51.10 E 640      660    

  046   94/11/19   323    02:36   76 21.15 S 171 49.40 E 02:50   76 20.97 S 171 49.05 E 11       662    

  047   94/11/19   323    17:02   74 52.86 S 172 58.71 E 17:36   74 52.47 S 172 58.31 E 151      511    

  048   94/11/19   323    18:37   74 51.72 S 172 57.48 E 19:28   74 50.95 S 172 56.62 E 511      519    

  049   94/11/20   324    03:07   73 55.72 S 173 00.63 E 03:38   73 55.28 S 172 59.92 E 151      329    

  050   94/11/20   324    04:43   73 54.46 S 172 58.62 E 05:20   73 54.12 S 172 58.00 E 318      326    

  051   94/11/20   324    06:47   73 53.53 S 172 56.95 E 07:18   73 53.36 S 172 56.75 E 316      324    

  052   94/11/20   324    11:01   74 11.71 S 172 59.97 E 11:29   74 11.55 S 173 00.35 E 151      483    

  053   94/11/20   324    13:40   74 28.13 S 172 57.39 E 14:29   74 27.67 S 172 57.65 E 526      541    

  054   94/11/20   324    17:10   74 26.83 S 173 01.72 E 17:39   74 26.47 S 173 02.03 E 151      548    

  055   94/11/20   324    18:32   74 25.89 S 173 02.65 E 18:47   74 25.73 S 173 02.85 E 8        550    

  056   94/11/20   324    20:27   74 24.46 S 173 03.99 E 20:58   74 24.04 S 173 04.36 E 152      550    

  057   94/11/21   325    00:18   74 43.84 S 172 59.46 E 00:45   74 43.66 S 172 59.37 E 150      513    

  058   94/11/21   325    03:33   75 00.17 S 172 58.89 E 04:00   75 00.03 S 172 58.77 E 151      523    

  059   94/11/21   325    05:52   74 59.62 S 172 58.77 E 06:33   74 59.50 S 172 58.78 E 500      517    

  060   94/11/21   325    08:44   75 16.47 S 172 59.83 E 09:08   75 16.46 S 173 00.03 E 151      492    

  061   94/11/21   325    11:00   75 31.51 S 172 59.79 E 11:34   75 31.95 S 172 59.82 E 151      523    

  062   94/11/21   325    13:19   75 30.84 S 172 59.62 E 14:03   75 30.70 S 172 59.80 E 500      519    

  063   94/11/21   325    16:06   75 47.67 S 173 01.21 E 16:36   75 47.32 S 173 01.75 E 151      559    

  064   94/11/21   325    20:03   76 03.80 S 172 59.49 E 20:30   76 03.49 S 172 59.74 E 152      609    

  065   94/11/21   325    22:05   76 02.83 S 172 59.98 E 22:55   76 02.49 S 173 00.26 E 584      601    

  066   94/11/22   326    01:42   76 19.93 S 172 59.97 E 02:10   76 19.88 S 173 00.50 E 151      640    

  067   94/11/22   326    04:20   76 36.27 S 173 00.03 E 04:44   76 36.37 S 173 00.53 E 151      610    

  068   94/11/22   326    06:38   76 36.80 S 173 03.74 E 07:22   76 36.98 S 173 04.87 E 591      609    

  069   94/11/22   326    09:02   76 51.94 S 172 59.50 E 09:28   76 52.03 S 172 58.91 E 150      593    

  070   94/11/22   326    11:09   77 07.94 S 172 59.46 E 11:46   77 07.97 S 172 58.20 E 150      634    

  071   94/11/22   326    13:32   77 07.83 S 172 53.67 E 14:33   77 07.02 S 172 50.17 E 618      639    

  072   94/11/22   326    16:18   77 12.79 S 172 57.40 E 16:51   77 12.84 S 172 55.92 E 152      656    

  073   94/11/22   326    17:55   77 12.35 S 172 52.79 E 18:19   77 12.37 S 172 52.65 E 5        662    

  074   94/11/22   326    21:05   77 12.33 S 172 52.15 E 21:34   77 12.32 S 172 51.98 E 153      661    

  075   94/11/23   327    03:20   77 12.17 S 172 48.22 E 04:05   77 12.19 S 172 48.21 E 652      671    

  076   94/11/23   327    18:20   77 09.49 S 173 27.99 E 18:55   77 09.41 S 173 29.06 E 152      571    

  077   94/11/23   327    20:18   77 09.05 S 173 31.89 E 20:52   77 08.88 S 173 33.06 E 152      558    

  078   94/11/24   328    15:56   77 10.39 S 173 55.68 E 16:32   77 10.47 S 173 57.09 E 152      496    

  079   94/11/24   328    17:41   77 10.77 S 174 04.21 E 18:03   77 10.75 S 174 06.85 E 4        489    

  080   94/11/24   328    20:46   77 10.97 S 174 17.81 E 21:19   77 10.87 S 174 19.80 E 154      480    

  081   94/11/24   328    22:20   77 10.77 S 174 22.77 E 23:00   77 10.71 S 174 24.66 E 455      470    

  082   94/11/25   329    00:26   77 10.42 S 174 29.36 E 01:06   77 10.42 S 174 31.68 E 453      464    

  083   94/11/25   329    20:52   75 00.63 S 177 40.21 W 21:27   75 00.50 S 177 40.14 W 153      463    

  084   94/11/26   330    00:27   74 59.51 S 177 43.45 W 00:50   74 59.31 S 177 44.36 W 156      481    

  085   94/11/26   330    01:38   74 58.90 S 177 46.61 W 02:21   74 58.50 S 177 48.93 W 485      498    

  086   94/11/26   330    04:25   74 59.98 S 178 50.78 W 05:03   74 59.88 S 178 52.53 W 519      535    

  087   94/11/26   330    07:27   74 59.79 S 179 59.23 E 07:52   74 59.70 S 179 58.16 E 151      470    

  088   94/11/26   330    10:00   74 59.20 S 179 52.38 E 10:39   74 59.06 S 179 50.89 E 448      463    

  089   94/11/26   330    12:45   75 00.36 S 178 49.20 E 13:23   75 00.26 S 178 48.33 E 152      431    

  090   94/11/26   330    15:42   74 59.91 S 177 39.44 E 16:26   74 59.71 S 177 38.93 E 390      400    

  091   94/11/26   330    17:27   74 59.38 S 177 38.47 E 17:57   74 59.13 S 177 38.20 E 154      398    

  092   94/11/26   330    21:56   74 59.53 S 176 30.13 E 22:38   74 59.19 S 176 29.47 E 340      352    

  093   94/11/27   331    01:14   75 00.25 S 175 20.13 E 01:39   75 00.12 S 175 19.75 E 151      295    

  094   94/11/27   331    03:44   74 59.54 S 175 17.73 E 04:16   74 59.42 S 175 17.20 E 286      295    

  095   94/11/27   331    06:34   74 59.58 S 174 09.86 E 07:13   74 59.54 S 174 09.19 E 447      460    

  096   94/11/27   331    15:12   75 00.70 S 172 58.81 E 16:03   75 00.77 S 172 59.37 E 505      523    

  097   94/11/27   331    17:01   75 00.82 S 172 59.86 E 17:33   75 00.87 S 173 00.36 E 152      517    

  098   94/11/27   331    18:47   75 00.95 S 173 01.52 E 19:08   75 01.00 S 173 01.88 E 5        513    

  099   94/11/27   331    19:51   75 01.01 S 173 02.52 E 20:30   75 01.04 S 173 03.44 E 152      515    

  100   94/11/27   331    22:44   74 59.86 S 173 06.78 E 23:10   74 59.89 S 173 08.03 E 76       510    

  101   94/11/28   332    04:49   75 00.06 S 171 49.77 E 05:30   75 00.01 S 171 49.61 E 551      569    

  102   94/11/28   332    07:55   75 00.41 S 170 42.35 E 08:23   75 00.50 S 170 42.79 E 151      477    

  103   94/11/28   332    11:11   75 00.70 S 170 45.25 E 11:52   75 00.64 S 170 45.76 E 479      494    

  104   94/11/28   332    14:27   75 00.11 S 169 30.76 E 15:07   74 59.57 S 169.30.86 E 330      344    

  105   94/11/28   332    16:41   74 59.41 S 169 07.30 E 17:14   74 59.42 S 169 07.09 E 154      339    

  106   94/11/28   332    19:57   74 59.35 S 169 05.92 E 20:41   74 59.38 S 169 05.72 E 329      340    

  107   94/11/29   333    11:28   74 57.64 S 173 00.13 E 12:20   74 57.37 S 173 00.37 E 500      516    

  108   94/11/29   333    13:21   74 57.01 S 173 01.79 E 14:08   74 56.71 S 173 01.86 E 502      518    

  109   94/11/29   333    21:40   75 15.07 S 174 51.62 E 22:12   75 14.85 S 174 51.08 E 153      316    

  110   94/11/30   334    00:32   75 14.23 S 174 49.33 E 01:03   75 14.11 S 174 48.93 E 297      308    

  111   94/11/30   334    01:57   75 15.98 S 174 48.17 E 02:19   75 13.87 S 174 48.04 E 100      306    

  112   94/11/30   334    06:26   75 30.69 S 176 43.44 E 06:49   75 30.50 S 176 43.27 E 151      416    

  113   94/11/30   334    09:28   75 29.03 S 176 42.59 E 10:06   75 28.65 S 176 42.61 E 393      405    

  114   94/11/30   334    12:08   75 40.80 S 177 34.83 E 13:00   75 40.82 S 177 34.97 E 443      458    

  115   94/11/30   334    15:09   75 49.42 S 178 31.78 E 16:01   75 48.67 S 178 32.30 E 504      525    

  116   94/11/30   334    16:55   75 47.72 S 178 33.02 E 17:30   75 47.19 S 178 33.25 E 152      529    

  117   94/11/30   334    20:00   75 44.52 S 178 33.45 E 20:28   75 43.98 S 178 33.40 E 152      512    

  118   94/11/30   334    23:51   76 00.01 S 179 28.86 E 00:27   75 59.70 S 179 28.75 E 483      500    

  119   94/12/01   335    02:18   76 10.54 S 179 32.51 W 02:46   76 10.38 S 179 33.66 W 152      395    

  120   94/12/01   335    03:42   76 10.01 S 179 36.25 W 04:16   76 10.09 S 179 37.10 W 359      371    

  121   94/12/01   335    06:40   76 20.21 S 178 39.02 W 07:22   76 19.96 S 178 39.68 W 658      678    

  122   94/12/01   335    14:42   76 30.00 S 175 19.39 W 15:32   76 29.57 S 175 19.55 W 576      594    

  123   94/12/01   335    16:58   76 28.91 S 175 20.87 W 17:28   76 28.67 S 175 21.63 W 154      593    

  124   94/12/01   335    20:39   76 27.52 S 175 28.30 W 21:09   76 27.34 S 175 29.85 W 153      593    

  125   94/12/02   336    01:30   76 29.88 S 176 31.51 W 02:09   76 29.91 S 176 33.23 W 548      569    

  126   94/12/02   336    03:52   76 29.91 S 177 40.14 W 04:16   76 29.99 S 177 41.07 W 151      596    

  127   94/12/02   336    07:48   76 30.04 S 177 47.73 W 08:35   76 30.00 S 177 49.14 W 583      602    

  128   94/12/02   336    10:17   76 29.71 S 178 50.81 W 10:58   76 29.48 S 178 52.01 W 632      650    

  129   94/12/02   336    12:39   76 29.75 S 179 59.80 E 13:20   76 29.47 S 179 59.71 E 314      322    

  130   94/12/02   336    16:52   76 27.02 S 179 58.69 E 17:26   76 26.49 S 179 58.20 E 151      258    

  131   94/12/02   336    19:19   76 24.50 S 179 55.46 E 19:56   76 23.89 S 179 53.87 E 152      264    

  132   94/12/02   336    21:46   76 30.00 S 178 49.26 E 22:30   76 29.30 S 178 46.08 E 302      313    

  133   94/12/03   337    00:32   76 29.59 S 177 40.33 E 00:58   76 29.26 S 177 39.62 E 151      379    

  134   94/12/03   337    03:15   76 28.79 S 177 29.33 E 03:51   76 28.74 S 177 27.67 E 384      395    

  135   94/12/03   337    08:12   76 30.08 S 176 29.24 E 08:48   76 30.07 S 176 27.94 E 404      415    

  136   94/12/03   337    10:57   76 29.99 S 175 19.59 E 11:36   76 29.79 S 175 18.01 E 152      449    

  137   94/12/03   337    12:37   76 29.43 S 175 15.97 E 13:23   79 29.10 S 175 14.03 E 436      456    

  138   94/12/03   337    15:22   76 30.00 S 174 08.49 E 16:16   76 29.37 S 174 06.19 E 559      572    

  139   94/12/03   337    18:16   76 30.80 S 173 02.35 E 18:58   76 30.27 S 173 00.88 E 152      633    

  140   94/12/04   338    01:23   76 33.26 S 173 04.45 E 01:49   76 33.12 S 173 05.54 E 151      623    

  141   94/12/04   338    02:55   76 32.36 S 173 06.47 E 03:50   76 32.06 S 173 06.59 E 600      619    

  142   94/12/04   338    05:48   76 32.45 S 173 07.70 E 06:42   76 32.43 S 173 07.60 E 602      621    

  143   94/12/04   338    17:04   76 31.57 S 173 13.28 E 17:40   76 31.33 S 173 13.77 E 152      622    

  144   94/12/04   338    23:37   76 30.08 S 171 49.88 E 00:36   76 30.16 S 171 49.50 E 660      679    

  145   94/12/05   339    02:25   76 29.99 S 170 40.07 E 02:58   76 30.05 S 170 40.46 E 153      675    

  146   94/12/05   339    05:42   76 29.99 S 170 41.06 E 06:48   76 30.15 S 170 40.29 E 656      676    

  147   94/12/05   339    08:31   76 30.04 S 169 30.60 E 09:35   76 30.04 S 169 30.65 E 725      746    

  148   94/12/05   339    11:27   76 30.45 S 168 37.48 E 11:59   76 30.54 S 168 38.13 E 154      752    

  149   94/12/05   339    12:48   76 30.70 S 168 39.06 E 13:42   76 30.84 S 168 40.23 E 730      751    

  150   94/12/05   339    18:31   76 02.78 S 169 10.10 E 19:12   76 02.38 S 169 09.15 E 153      562    

  151   94/12/06   340    00:23   76 00.55 S 169 12.59 E 01:30   75 59.74 S 169 12.00 E 528      552    

  152   94/12/06   340    03:03   75 59.75 S 169 10.56 E 03:31   76 00.03 S 169 10.84 E 151      541    

  153   94/12/07   341    14:46   76 30.00 S 173 00.19 E 15:26   76 30.14 S 173 01.43 E 151      631    

  154   94/12/07   341    20:15   77 12.32 S 172 45.96 E 21:08   77 12.27 S 172 45.90 E 659      677    

  155   94/12/08   342    03:08   77 13.58 S 168 43.48 E 04:01   77 13.72 S 168 43.48 E 928      954    

  156   94/12/08   342    08:05   77 09.64 S 167 48.31 E 08:54   77 09.72 S 167 48.60 E 885      908    
  ----- ---------- ------ ------- ---------- ----------- ------- ---------- ----------- -------- ------ --------

CTD Data Reduction

The temperature, conductivity and pressure sensors used on the CTD were
subjected to pre- and post-cruise calibrations by SeaBird Electronics.
Over the range of temperatures encountered during the cruise,
calibrations indicated that the temperature sensors drifted linearly by
changing offset. Temperatures were corrected by applying a linearly
interpolated offset with time. The pressure measurements were corrected
by applying a slope and an offset as suggested by the last calibration
available for the pressure sensor. Next, the conductivity data were
corrected by applying a slope and no offset from the pre- and
post-cruise calibrations supplied by SeaBird and the rosette
conductivity data. After applying the corrections to the pressure,
temperature and conductivity the resulting mean conductivity difference
(CTD conductivity - Rosette conductivity) and standard deviation was
-2x10-5 and 12x10-4 respectively (mean salinity difference and standard
deviation: -2.3x10-4 and 1.7x10-3, respectively). The sensors used
during the cruise, the dates of the pre-cruise and post-cruise
calibrations and the slope and offset correction coefficients applied
for the sensor drift between calibrations are listed in Table 2.

Table 2. CTD sensors used on NP9406

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Sensor Type Serial Number Calibration Dates Drift

pre-cruise post-cruise slope offset

conductivity 1314 04-May-94 25-May-95 1.00011

0926 05-Oct-94 25-Jan-95 1.00026

temperature 1541 30-Apr-94 24-Jan-95 -0.00107

1457 08-Oct-94 24-Jan-95 0.00660

pressure 43258 14-Jun-91 06-May-94 0.99971 -0.06240

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

CTD measurements were made with Seasoft CTD Data Acquisition software,
version 4.205, and processed using Seasoft CTD Data Acquisition
Software, version 4.211. Standard procedures were followed. Conductivity
was lagged relative to pressure by 0.06 seconds. These data were
corrected for cell thermal mass effects, filtered with a median filter
of 24 scans, and edited to remove pressure reversals. After averaging
into 1 dbar bins, UNESCO (1981, 1983) algorithms were applied to the
processed CTD data to compute potential temperature, salinity and
density. Both the uptrace and downtrace data were processed and bottle
files generated from averaged data 3 seconds around the closure (trip)
time.

References

Ardai, J. L. and S. H. O\'Hara, NP9406 End of Cruise Report.
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory,

30 pp., 1994.

Giulivi C. F., S.S. Jacobs, S.H. O\'Hara and J.L. Ardai, Ross Sea
Polynya Project, 1994. Oceanographic Data. N.B. Palmer Cruise 9406.
Technical Report LDEO-95-1, 315 pp., 1995.

Jacobs, S. S., C. F. Giulivi, S. H. O\'Hara and J. L. Ardai, Plumbing
the Ross Sea Polynya, Ant. J. Of the U.S., in press, 1995.

Owens and Millard, A new algorithm for CTD oxygen calibration. J. Phys.
Ocean., 15, 621-631, 1985.

Saunders, P. M. Practical Conversion of pressure to depth. J. Phys.
Ocean., 11, 573-574, 1981.

Smith, W., The Ross Sea Polynya Project (RSP2): Objectives and Overview,
Ant. J. Of the U.S., in press, 1995.

UNESCO Freezing point of seawater. Eighth report of the Joint Panel of
Oceanographic Tables

and Standards, Unesco technical papers in marine science, 28, 29-35,
1978.

UNESCO Background papers and supporting data on the Practical Salinity
Scale 1978, Unesco

technical papers in marine science, 37, 144 pp., 1981.

UNESCO Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater,
by N. P. Fofonoff

and R. C. Millard, Jr., Unesco technical papers in marine science, 44,

53 pp., 1983.

**OTHER FILES**

hdr_bot.index (ASCII format):

contains the first two lines and the last line of all the

bottle data files, preceded by the file name in the form:

==\> filename \<==

hdr_dctd.index (ASCII format):

contains the first two lines and the last line of all the

CTD downtrace data files, preceded by the file name in the form:

==\> filename \<==

hdr_uctd.index (ASCII format):

contains the first two lines and the last line of all the

CTD uptrace data files, preceded by the file name in the form:

==\> filename \<==

NP9406.doc:

This file which describes the CTD data collected as a part of the Ross
Sea Polynya Project 1994 and submitted to NODC (PC Microsoft Word
Version 6.0c)

README.txt:

Description of file formats (text file).