**WBS SCOPE DESCRIPTION:**

This scope of this Work Package (WP) includes the following work
activities required to remove the BGRR bioshield:

-   Construction of a contamination control enclosure and HEPA
    ventilation system and installation of material handling equipment.

-   Isolation of utilities required for bioshield removal.

-   Removal of interferences necessary for bioshield removal.

-   Removal of the east and west sides of the air tight membrane (ATM),
    graphite restraining springs, and the experimental port expansion
    joints.

-   Removal of the steel and concrete bioshield structure down to
    elevation 110'-0".

-   Removal of the pile 3" steel upper bedplate & sliding rails.

-   Construction of a reinforced concrete cover over the opening on
    elevation 110'-0" where the bioshield was removed.

-   Packaging and onsite transportation of waste to an interim staging
    area for offsite transportation and disposal.

-   Performance of an as-left radiological survey of Building 701.

# Discussion

Removal of the bioshield will commence upon completion of preparatory
work that is covered in WP 321. The following activities will be
performed under this WP to complete the bioshield removal:

[Contamination Control Envelope and HEPA Ventilation System]{.underline}

A contamination control enclosure will be constructed around the
bioshield to support handling and packaging of removed bioshield
sections and debris. This enclosure will be maintained at a negative
pressure with respect to Building 701. Four (4), 6000-cfm HEPA fan units
will be used to maintain the contamination control envelope at a
negative pressure. Two (2) 6000-cfm HEPA fan units utilized during the
BGD Filter and Liner Removal will be used in addition to two (2) newly
purchased units. The HEPA fan units will discharge to the outside
environment through a continuously monitored stack that will be
constructed in accordance with BSA SBMS requirements.

Removal of the bioshield requires that structures and appurtenances that
present a physical interference with the removal process first be
removed, including utilities such as electrical and water lines.
Additionally, the temporary HEPA ventilation system will be supplemented
with portable HEPA ventilation units to provide airborne contamination
control; provisions for four additional portable units are included in
this work package. The following work activities will be performed in
this Work Package:

[Utility Isolation and Removal]{.underline}

All electrical conduits, service air system piping and components, and
domestic water piping and components on the exterior surfaces of the
bioshield will be removed.

[Removal of Interferences]{.underline}

Balconies attached to the exterior surfaces of the bioshield will be
removed. These balconies consist of steel framing, 4.5 inch poured
concrete floor covered with ½ inch asphalt sealant, and floor tile
(ACM). The ACM floor tiles will be removed prior to demolition of the
structures. The balconies are listed as follows:

-   East -- el. 114 ft

-   East -- el. 123 ft (partial)

-   North -- el. 118 ft

-   North -- el. 136 ft

-   West -- el. 118 ft

-   West -- el. 127 ft

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-   West -- el. 136 ft

-   Blue Room

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-   Sixteen (16) control rod drive mechanisms (CRDM) will be partially
    removed as necessary to allow access for bioshield removal. These
    mechanisms consist of structural steel framing and motor/drive skids
    mounted in two banks. Each drive skid consists of an electric motor,
    drive unit (gear box), steel extension rod and lead shielded
    graphite sleeve. The lead and graphite was removed as part of an
    earlier remediation work package for Building 701.

> Note: The CRDMs and associated hardware may be PCB contaminated as a
> result of historical hydraulic system leakage.

-   The freight elevator adjacent to the bioshield will be removed. The
    elevator consists of a tower constructed of brick and steel, a
    conveyor car, steel lift cables and cast iron counter weights.

-   The Chemo-Nuclear experimental loop will be partially removed and
    structurally supported prior to separation of system components
    integral to the biological shield.

[Removal of Air Tight Membrane (ATM), Pile Restraining Springs, and
Experimental Port Expansion Joints]{.underline}

During the removal of the graphite pile (WP 304), only the top portion
of the ATM was removed to access the graphite blocks. This WP will
remove the remaining east and west sides of the aluminum and steel ATM.
The experimental port expansion joints and graphite restraining springs
that span the space between the ATM and the bioshield will also be
removed.

[Bioshield Removal]{.underline}

The bioshield structure will be removed. The bioshield is comprised of a
4' - 3" thick high-density concrete barrier surrounded by an inner and
outer steel plate with a nominal thickness of 6" and 3", respectively.
The bioshield structure will be removed in its entirety down to
elevation 110'-0". The following work activities will be performed to
remove the bioshield:

-   Removal of the top plates.

-   Removal of the neutron shield.

-   Removal of the inner and outer steel plates that surround the
    concrete, including their size reduction for packaging,
    transportation and disposal.

-   Removal of the reinforced concrete inside of the bioshield walls,
    including its size reduction for packaging, transportation and
    disposal.

-   Removal of the pile upper bedplates and sliding rails.

-   Removal and/or stabilization of loose radiological contamination in
    the Building 701 area associated with the removal of the bioshield
    -- includes the remaining pile support structure within the
    bioshield footprint.

-   Installation of a concrete enclosure of the biological shield
    footprint

-   Perform an as-left radiological survey of the areas within Building
    701 affected by the removal of the bioshield.

[Removal of Loose Contamination and As-left Radiological
Survey]{.underline}

Loose contamination, including miscellaneous contaminated objects that
may have fallen on the pile bedplates will be removed and placed in the
appropriate waste container. After completion of all work inside the
bioshield cavity, a radiological survey will be performed to document
the as-left condition.

[Subcontractor Demobilization]{.underline}

Following biosheild removal, all temporary facilities and equipment will
be dismantled, packaged and transported to the Waste Loading Area (WLA).

[Waste Packaging and Onsite Transportation]{.underline}

The bioshield waste will be packaged in intermodal containers and
removed from the BGRR facility and transported to the BNL WLA for
interim staging. Onsite storage and offsite transportation are addressed
in WP 323.

**COMPLETION CRITERIA:**

1.  Electrical isolations and interference removal necessary to remove
    the bioshield have been completed.

2.  The air tight membrane, restraining springs, and experimental port
    expansion joints have been removed.

3.  The bioshield has been removed in its entirety down to elevation
    110'-0".

4.  The pile support upper bedplates & sliding rails have been removed.

5.  A permanent reinforced concrete cover has been constructed on
    elevation 110'-0" over the opening where the bioshield was removed.

6.  The bioshield and associated secondary waste has been packaged,
    staged in the WLA, and ready for transportation to an approved
    disposal site.

7.  Loose radiological contamination in the Building 701 area associated
    with the removal of the bioshield has been removed and/or
    stabilized.

8.  All temporary equipment installed to remove the bioshield has been
    removed.

9.  An as-left radiological survey of the areas within Building 701
    affected by the removal of the bioshield has been completed.

10. A letter report certifying that the work activities required by this
    Work Package has been submitted to the Brookhaven Site Office.

**ASSUMPTIONS, EXCLUSIONS, AND QUALIFICATIONS:**

1.  Procedures, engineering, plans, training and special tooling for
    bioshield removal have been completed in Work Package 321.

2.  15-inch support I-beams and lower bedplates will not be removed.

3.  Class A waste disposed of at Envirocare of Utah

4.  Schedule is based on a five-day 50-hour workweek.

5.  All waste will be shipped by rail.

6.  A packaging efficiency of fifty per cent (50%) is assumed for
    concrete and thirty five percent (35%) for interference materials.
    No bulking factor was assumed for segmented bioshield steel plates.
    Miscellaneous secondary waste (DAW) is estimated at 200 cubic yards
    from all work activities.

7.  Off-site transportation and disposal of bioshield waste is covered
    in Work Package 323.

8.  Post Removal Restoration of the BGRR facility is covered in Work
    Package 324.

**BASIS OF ESTIMATE:**

A bottoms-up estimate was prepared for the installation of temporary
facilities and equipment, bioshield interferences and bioshield removal.
Vendor estimates for materials, equipment and production rates were
included in the estimate.

**ACQUISITION STRATEGY/ASSUMPTION:**

BSA plans to award the biological shield contract as a DOE IDIQ
contract. BSA and BSA BOA subcontractors will furnish all other project
support personnel and resources.

**WASTE DISPOSAL QUANTITIES:** (Provide quantities in cubic yards)

+---------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------+
| **Type of           | **Waste Type**   | **Qu     | **Planned       |
| Material**          |                  | antity** | Disposal Site** |
+=====================+==================+==========+=================+
| Graphite Debris     | LLRW (NTS)       | > 5.0    | Nevada Test     |
|                     |                  | > yd3    | Site            |
+---------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------+
| Metal Structural    | LLRW             | > 233    | Envirocare,     |
| Materials           |                  | > yd3    | Clive, UT       |
|                     | (oversized       |          |                 |
|                     | debris)          |          |                 |
+---------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------+
| Metal / Metal Plate | LLRW             | > 3470   | Envirocare,     |
| / Secondary Wastes  |                  | > yd3    | Clive, UT       |
|                     | (standard        |          |                 |
|                     | debris)          |          |                 |
+---------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------+
| Hazardous Materials | Hazardous        | > 3.5    | Onyx            |
| (PCB contaminated   |                  | > yd3    |                 |
| components)         |                  |          |                 |
+---------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------+
| Cadmium and Lead    | Mixed Waste      | > 5.9    | Envirocare,     |
| Coated Steel        |                  | > yd3    | Clive, UT       |
+---------------------+------------------+----------+-----------------+

**SIGNIFICANT RISKS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTIONS:**

Significant WP 322 risks and proposed mitigation actions are as follows:

# Risk 322-1: Production Rate Variability

Biological shield removal is a unique, one-of-a-kind project. The
adaptation and deployment of removal technology, coupled with
unforeseeable conditions inside of the bioshield can lead to
considerable variability in actual production (i.e. removal) rates from
those considered in the development of WP 322. Production rate variances
can result in considerable cost and schedule impacts.

***Mitigation Actions***

***BSA is using a highly disciplined and methodical approach to
biological shield removal. The design and qualification of special tools
will be accomplished under rigorous requirements to ensure that the
assumed production rates are achieved during the project. The
qualification of special tools and training of field personnel will use
mock-ups to provide further that the assumed production rates are met.
Where required, tooling re-design and rework will be required before
special tools are approved for use in the field. BSA will build hold
points into the schedule to allow for process and equipment enhancements
and acceleration of the project learning curve. Notwithstanding these
mitigation actions, this remains a risk that can result in significant
cost and schedule variances.***

# Risk 322-2: Bioshield Material Requiring Special Handling

BSA has assumed that all waste generated during the removal of the
biological shield will not require shielded containers because of
elevated radiation dose rates. A significant increase in the anticipated
dose rates will require shielded containers to meet Department of
Transportation (DOT) resulting in significant cost and schedule impacts.

***Mitigation Actions***

***BSA is modeling container dose rates on a conservative basis and the
resulting dose rates will be factored into detailed work planning. BSA's
use of a conservative approach to waste management planning, including
procedure development and equipment availability, will provide
additional assurance that the Baseline cost plan and schedule are
achieved.***

# Risk 322-3: Generation of TRU Waste

It is not expected that bioshield removal will result in the generation
of TRU waste. However, unforeseeable waste articles located in bioshield
crevices could result in unplanned TRU waste. This is an extremely
low-probability risk.

***Mitigation Actions***

***The Mitigation Actions included in WP 304 are sufficient to address
this low-probability risk.***

# Risk 322-4: Project Impacts Attributable to Building 701 Contamination

Biological shield removal involves the removal of approximately 5000
tons of contaminated material from the BGRR bioshield. Biological shield
removal could result in the potential spread of contamination to areas
outside of the bioshield. This could potentially result in work stoppage
and disruptions to the project schedule, and costly actions to
decontaminate the affected areas of the BGRR.

***Mitigation Actions***

***BSA has designed a rigorous contamination control strategy into its
biological shield removal plan. This strategy includes engineered
controls, special tooling, design requirements, subcontract performance
warranties and extensive field monitoring plans. These actions should
serve to reduce the risk of serious contamination control events that
could result in significant project impacts.***

**Risk 322-5: Biological Shield Removal Impact Due to Waste Disposal
Pathway Disruption**

Biological shield removal will result in the generation of more than 200
containers of waste. Disruptions to the waste disposal pathway could
result in cost and schedule impacts to biological shield removal,
particularly if the disruptions cause accumulation of project waste
beyond the interim storage capacity that exists at BNL. Such disruptions
are potentially the result of unforeseeable transportation issues and
events, or similar issues and events at the planned disposal sites.

***Mitigation Actions***

***Rigorous planning, controls and disciplined project execution are key
to reducing the risks of unforeseeable disruptions to the planned waste
disposal pathways. BSA will include resources for extensive and
intrusive oversight of waste packaging, transportation and disposal
operations. Lessons learned from across the DOE complex will be
continuously evaluated for application at BNL. Effective community
outreach and involvement is vital to reducing risks of many disruptions
potentially initiated by external parties, and BSA will work with the
DOE in developing and implementing the appropriate plans, accordingly.
As a planning step, BSA will carefully evaluate capacity of interim
storage at BNL with the objective of mitigating the potential impacts of
a large spectrum of waste disposal pathway disruptions. BSA's waste
management plans, to the extent practical, will provide for alternative
pathways and work-arounds under a defense-in-depth strategy. These
actions should serve to reduce many of the risks and associated
consequences of disruptions to the waste disposal pathway that could
impact biological shield removal.***

# Risk 322-6: Unforeseeable Radiation Dose Rates 

By design, BSA is planning for biological shield removal using remotely
operated tools and equipment. BSA is approaching the project with the
objective of minimizing hands-on manual work. However, some level of
hands-on activity will be required. Radiation dose rates significantly
in excess of those considered during project planning could potentially
impact biological shield removal cost and schedule.

***Mitigation Actions***

***BSA and its subcontractors will include conservative levels of margin
in developing project plans. Opportunities to reduce the extent of
required hands-on work will be taken throughout all stages of project
development and execution. Subsequent to graphite pile removal, BSA will
acquire actual dose rates on the radiologically affected areas. A
detailed ALARA plan that will challenge all work activities to minimize
personnel radiation exposure will be developed.***

**REFERENCES:**

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Project References**                                                |
+=======================================================================+
| -   Inter-Agency Agreement                                            |
|                                                                       |
| ```{=html}                                                            |
| <!-- -->                                                              |
| ```                                                                   |
| -   DOE Order 413.3                                                   |
|                                                                       |
| ```{=html}                                                            |
| <!-- -->                                                              |
| ```                                                                   |
| -   Burns and Roe Engineering Studies -- February 2003                |
|                                                                       |
| -   Final Record of Decision (ROD) for Area of Concern 9, Brookhaven  |
|     Graphite Research Reactor (BGRR) -- January 2005                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

**ATTACHMENTS:**

1.  **Cost Plan**

2.  **Schedule**

3.  **Supporting Documentation**