**September 23-30, 2005 FEMA Emergency Management Higher Education
Project Activity Report**

\(1\) AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, VOL. 20, NO. 3,
AUGUST,

2005:

September 26, 2005 \-- Received August issue of the AJEM, which
\"reflects Emergency Management Australia\'s (EMA) focus of a
multi-jurisdictional, all-hazards approach to emergency management
arrangements.\" Includes articles on:

\"Educator Jones and the Search for \'Creds\': Searching for Credibility
in Workplace Education\"

\"Using Video During Training to Enhance Learning of Emergency Incident
Command and Control Skills\"

\"Urban Floodplain Land-Use \-- Acceptable Risk?\"

\"Sometimes It\'s a Big Ask, But Sometimes It\'s a Big Outcome:
Community Participation in Flood Mitigation\"

Subscriptions are free \-- from: ajem@ema.gov.au

\(2\) BEYOND SEPTEMBER 11TH: AN ACCOUNT OF POST-DISASTER RESEARCH:

September 28th, 2005 \-- Not sure, but think I may have missed noting
the availability of this 2003 (600+ page) document from the Natural
Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, University of
Colorado at Boulder. Can be accessed at:
[[http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/sp/sp39/]{.underline}](http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/sp/sp39/)

\(3\) BRANDON UNIVERSITY, CANADA:

September 26, 2005 \-- Received communication from Dr. John Lindsay,
Assistant Professor and Chair of the Department of Applied Disaster and
Emergency Studies at Brandon, noting that we could remove our posting of
their solicitation for faculty for their program \-- have hired Dr.
Jason Levy and Dr. Elaine Enarson to join the faculty \-- Dr. Enarson
was to co-lead developer of the EM HiEd Project course \"A Social
Vulnerability Approach to Disaster.\"

\(4\) DISASTER RESPONSE OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT \-- UPPER DIVISION
COLLEGE COURSE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT:

September 29, 2005 \-- Project Assistant informs me that about a dozen
hard copies of this course have now been mailed to volunteer reviewers,
who have until November 14th to provide written review comments to us. A
draft of the course is posted at:
[[http://training.fema.gov/emiweb/edu/drom.asp]{.underline}](http://training.fema.gov/emiweb/edu/drom.asp)

\(5\) DISCIPLINES, DISASTERS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT \-- BOOK
DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT:

September 28, 2005 \-- Received for review from lead book
developer/editor, Dr. David McEntire, University of North Texas:

Introduction \-- The Importance of Multi- and Inter-Disciplinary
Research in Disasters and Emergency Management, by Dr. McEntire, and

Revised chapter on \"Information Disasters and Disaster Information:
Where Information Science Meets Emergency Management.\"

Forwarded both documents to the EMI Webmaster to upload to the Project
website \-- Free College Courses and Books section \-- to replace
previous drafts.

\(6\) EDUVENTURES, INC. \-- RESEARCHING EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT HIGHER
EDUCATION:

September 28, 2005 \-- Talked with Kristen D. Drobinski, Research
Analyst at Eduventures, Inc., Boston, MA, who has a research project for
a large non-profit university to investigate the lay of the land, so to
speak, in the consideration of the development of an emergency
management program there, including what type \-- Bachelor or graduate
level or both. Tried to be very supportive of the need to develop a
program at this un-named university. For additional information, Kristen
Drobinski can be reached

at: kdrobinski@eduventures.com

\(7\) FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT \-- GRADUATE-LEVEL COURSE DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT:

September 28, 2005 \-- Emailed solicitation for volunteer reviewers of
this now completed course to the Natural Hazards Center, University of
Colorado at Boulder, for inclusion in next issue of \"Disaster
Research.\" Will mail hard copies to those responding to this
solicitation. The draft course can also be accessed at:
[[http://training.fema.gov/emiweb/edu/fm.asp]{.underline}](http://training.fema.gov/emiweb/edu/fm.asp)

\(8\) HURRICANE RITA AND KATRINA RELATED ARTICLES, REPORTS, HEARINGS OF
NOTE:

Albanesius, Chloe. \"Former DHS Chief Criticizes Local Response
Efforts.\"

Government Executive Magazine, September 21, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0905/092005tdpm1.htm]{.underline}](http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0905/092005tdpm1.htm)

Arney, June. \"Flirting With Disaster - Waterfront: Experts Say
Hurricane Katrina Should Make Americans Think Twice About Encouraging
Development in Dangerous Areas.\" The Baltimore Sun, September 11, 2005.
Accessed at:

Associated Press. \"Blanco Goes to D.C. to Answer Brown Charge.\"
September 28, 2005. Accessed at:
[[http://lucianne.com/threads2.asp?artnum=238269]{.underline}](http://lucianne.com/threads2.asp?artnum=238269)

\[Note \-- toward end of article it is noted that \"Brown described FEMA
as a politically powerless arm of Homeland Security, which he said had
siphoned more than \$77 million from his agency over the past three
years.

Additionally, he said Homeland Security cut FEMA budget requests \--
including one for hurricane preparedness \-- before they were ever
presented to Congress.\"\]

Associated Press. \"FEMA Budget So Complex It Defies Consensus \--
Disaster Agency Lacks Funding to Prepare for Future Calamities.\"
September 24, 2005.

Accessed at:
[[http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9460436/]{.underline}](http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9460436/)

Association of State Floodplain Managers. \"Hurricane Katrina
Reconstruction Through Mitigation\" (Press Release). Madison WI: ASFPM,
September 9, 2005

(5 pages). Accessed at:

[[http://www.floods.org/PDF/ASFPM_HurricaneKatrina_WhitePaper_090905.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.floods.org/PDF/ASFPM_HurricaneKatrina_WhitePaper_090905.pdf)
\[One quote: \"Current levee design and construction standards are
inadequate\....It is important to recognize that levee failures in the
New Orleans area is simply the tip of the iceberg \-- we have thousands
of miles of levees \'protecting\' large and critical urban communities
in this nation.\"

A related note from the ASFPM newsletter, \"The Insider,\" September
2005 edition \-- \"Data indicates that for every 2.7 miles of wetland
buffer, the hurricane storm surge drops 1 foot\" (p.2).

Balder, Lolita C. \"Storms Worsen Nat\'l Guard Equipment Woes.\"
Associated Press, Sep. 28, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/28/AR2005092802075.html>

Bauerlein, Valerie, and Ann Zimmerman. \"Wal-Mart Moves Quickly to
Provide Aid - The Federal Emergency Management Agency Could Learn From
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.\" The Wall Street Journal, September 12, 2005.
Accessed at:

[[http://www.thestate.com/mld/thestate/12629938.htm]{.underline}](http://www.thestate.com/mld/thestate/12629938.htm)
\[Note: This article focuses on fast action on the part of Jason
Jackson, Director of Business Continuity at Wal-Mart \-- who has a
Bachelor\'s Degree in Emergency Management (from Arkansas Tech
University) and a Masters in Organizational Security Management (Webster
University). I talked with Mr. Jackson on September 26th, and he stated
that his educational background both helped him obtain his present
position and helped in his disaster preparedness and response
responsibilities.\]

Beamish, Rita. \"Money Earmarked for Evacuation Redirected.\" Associated
Press, Sep.17, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/17/AR2005091700790.html>

Benjamin, Mark. \"Communications Breakdown: As the Katrina Disaster
Unfolded, Many Emergency Responders Had No Way to Talk to Each Other.\"

Salon.com Accessed at:

[[http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2005/katrina-interop.htm#\_Toc114636943]{.underline}](http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2005/katrina-interop.htm#_Toc114636943)

Block, Robert. \"Documents Reveal Extent of Fumbles On Storm Relief.\"
Wall Street Journal, September 13, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB112658472240639074-email,00.html]{.underline}](http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB112658472240639074-email,00.html)

Block, Robert, and Russell Gold. \"Managing a Hurricane - Differently.\"

Wall Street Journal, September 23, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://online.wsj.com/public/article/0,,SB112743093217349228-qPjk0Y56767NUpa_QE9DcWhxT_Q_20060923,00.html?mod=tff_main_tff_top>

Notes that \"Inside FEMA\...officials see the plans taking shape for
Rita as a symbol of their diminishing authority. While FEMA officials
are still charged with coordinating federal assets from a myriad of
departments and agencies during a disaster, they say decisions are being
made now by senior Homeland Security officials. FEMA is largely being
told what to do.\"

Borenstein, Seth, and Robert Steinback. \"FEMA Director Resigns Amid
Criticism of Hurricane Response.\" Knight Ridder, September 13, 2005.

Accessed at:

<http://fullcoverage.yahoo.com/s/krwashbureau/20050913/ts_krwashbureau/_wea_katrina_fema>

Borenstein, Seth, Shannon McCaffrey, and Drew Brown. \"State, Local
Officials Say they\'ve Learned From Katrina.\" Knight Ridder, September
21, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/politics/12697536.htm]{.underline}](http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/politics/12697536.htm)

Bowman, Steve, Lawrence Kapp, and Amy Belasco. \"Hurricane Katrina: DOD
Disaster Response\" (19 pages). Washington, DC: Congressional Research
Service, September 19, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33095.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33095.pdf)
\[Note: This deals with National Guard and regular military, including
equipment, or lack-of issues.\]

Bush, Jeb. \"Think Locally On Relief.\" Washington Post, September 30,
2005.

Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2005/09/29/AR2005092901636_pf.html>
\[Some excerpts: \"As the governor of a state that has been hit by seven
hurricanes and two tropical storms in the past 13 months, I can say with
certainty that federalizing emergency response to catastrophic events
would be a disaster as bad as Hurricane Katrina\.... One of the biggest
lessons is that local and state governments that fail to prepare are
preparing to fail\.... Before Congress considers a larger, direct
federal role, it needs to hold communities and states accountable for
properly preparing for the inevitable storms to come.\"

Congressional Research Service (Nicole T. Carter). New Orleans Levees
and

Floodwalls: Hurricane Damage Protection. Washington, DC: CRS, September
6, 2005. Accessed at:
[[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS22238.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS22238.pdf)

Craig, Tim. \"Katrina Prompts a Regional Reassessment - Crisis Plans
Rely Too Heavily on Federal Help, Leaders Say.\" Washington Post,
September 15, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2005/09/14/AR2005091402596.html>

Dallas Morning News (Editorial). \"Thanks, First Responders - FEMA
Criticism Not For Those On The Ground.\" September 13, 2005. Accessed
at:

<http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/opinion/editorials/stories/DN-firstrespond_13edi.ART.State.Edition1.e6d78eb.html>

Delta Democrat Times (MS). \"Time to Free FEMA From Homeland
Bureaucracy\"

(Editorial). September 25, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.ddtonline.com/articles/2005/09/26/news/editorials/edit7.txt]{.underline}](http://www.ddtonline.com/articles/2005/09/26/news/editorials/edit7.txt)

Donovan, Doug. \"After New Orleans Crisis, Cities Rethink Evacuation
Strategies.\" Baltimore Sun, Sep.12, 05. Accessed at:

<http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/weather/hurricane/bal-te.evacuate12sep12,1,4121042.story?coll=bal-nationworld-headlines>

Douglas, William, and Drew Brown. \"Proposal For Military To Take Lead
In Disasters Raises Concerns.\" Knight Ridder, September 28, 2005.
Accessed at:
[[http://www.kansascity.com/mld/kansascity/news/politics/12765751.htm]{.underline}](http://www.kansascity.com/mld/kansascity/news/politics/12765751.htm)

\[An excerpt: \"Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee says he and his fellow
governors aren\'t exactly jumping for joy to hear that President Bush is
debating whether the Department of Defense should become the lead agency
in responding to major domestic disasters such as Hurricane Katrina. \'I
haven\'t heard any governor say \`That\'s a great idea. I\'ll give up my
power to an unelected general to oversee my state,\'\' said Huckabee, a
Republican and the chairman of the bipartisan National Governors
Association. \"That would be a very significant, almost revolutionary
change in government policy and practice. If Bush pushes the idea, he\'s
likely to face a barrage of opposition from governors, state and
municipal officials, civil libertarians and some military experts, who
argue that expanding the active-duty armed services\' role in local
disasters would trample on cherished states\' rights and burden the
military, which already is stretched thin by the wars in Afghanistan and
Iraq.\"\]

Dwyer, Jim, and Christopher Drew. \"Fear Exceeded Crime\'s Reality.\"
New York Times, September 29, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/29/national/nationalspecial/29crime.html?ex=1128657600&en=ccad96c43cccd51c&ei=5070&emc=eta1>

FCW Staff. \"Feds Rush Mobile Communications to Aid Relief Efforts \--
Hurricane Katrina knocked out entire telecom infrastructures in some
areas.\"

Federal Computer Week, Sep. 5, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.fcw.com/article90665-09-05-05-Print]{.underline}](http://www.fcw.com/article90665-09-05-05-Print)

Fender, Jessica. \"Some Health Workers Cut Out Red Tape \[Katrina\].\"
Baton Rouge Advocate, September 13, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.2theadvocate.com/stories/091305/new_health001.shtml]{.underline}](http://www.2theadvocate.com/stories/091305/new_health001.shtml)

Glenn, David. \"Disaster Sociologists Study What Went Wrong in the
Response to the Hurricanes, But Will Policy Makers Listen.\" The
Chronicle of Higher Education (Today\'s News), September 29, 2005.
Accessed at:

[[http://chronicle.com/temp/email.php?id=0e0x75ti8akqb8rkcbyv0vhaamaj8zpo]{.underline}](http://chronicle.com/temp/email.php?id=0e0x75ti8akqb8rkcbyv0vhaamaj8zpo)

\[Some excerpts:

\"\...some\...disaster scholars say that they already have a strong
suspicion of what went wrong in Louisiana. It was a mistake, they say,
for the Federal Emergency Management Agency to be folded into the
Department of Homeland Security.\"

\"\'The structure of the Department of Homeland Security is not
conducive to good emergency management,\' said William L. Waugh Jr., a
professor of public policy at Georgia State University. \'It isn\'t even
conducive to homeland security.\' Within the department, Mr. Waugh said,
FEMA and other small agencies have not successfully competed for money
and attention because they do not mix well with what he calls the
\'gun-toting\' culture of the intelligence and law-enforcement agencies
that dominate the department\....Beyond that insular culture, some
critics say, the department is also hamstrung by a \"command and
control\" mentality that is ill suited to the realities of disasters.

\"The problem with putting FEMA into the Department of Homeland Security
is that it\'s like an organ transplant. What we\'ve seen over the past
four years is basically organ rejection\" (Dr. Michael Lindell, Texas
A&M University).

\"Even as the field \[disaster sociology\] gains new respect, however,
some scholars worry that too many post-September 11 resources are being
poured into \'scenario\' research at the expense of studies of
real-world disasters.

\'I think a lot of the work that\'s being funded to do scenario-based
research to elicit people\'s intended behaviors in a host of possible
terrorist scenarios is largely a waste of money,\' Mr. Sorensen \[Oak
Ridge National Laboratory\] said. Far more valuable, he said, are
studies of actual disaster behavior.\"

\"All of the money is going into homeland security,\" Mr. Lindell said.
\"The solution to the problem in the levees in New Orleans would have
been to take all the chemical-protection suits that have been purchased
for little tiny towns that are too small to be targets and too far away
to assist, and fill those chemical-protection suits with sand, and use
those to fill the levees.

It would have been a better use.\"

Gorman, Siobhan, and Tom Bowman. \"Hurricane Katrina: Disaster Workers
Left Out in Silence - Better Communications Equipment Years Away.\" The
Baltimore Sun, September 19, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/weather/hurricane/bal-te.md.guard19sep19,1,4672890.story?coll=bal-nationworld-headlines>

Grier, Peter. \"What We Know So Far - And What We Don\'t.\" Christian
Science Monitor, September 21, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://search.csmonitor.com/search_content/0921/p03s01-ussc.html]{.underline}](http://search.csmonitor.com/search_content/0921/p03s01-ussc.html)

Healy, Melissa. \"Hurricane Aftermath: First There Must Be Trust - For a
Disaster Plan to Work, People Have to Believe the Government is Acting
in Their Best Interest. In New Orleans, They Didn\'t.\" Los Angeles
Times, September 26, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-he-attitudes26sep26,0,4384499,print.story>

Horswell, Cindy, and Edward Hegstrom. \"Lessons Come At High Cost: 107
Lives.\" Houston Chronicle, September 29, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/topfront/3374468]{.underline}](http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/topfront/3374468)
\[ An excerpt:

\"State Rep. Garnet Coleman, D-Houston, whose wife spent more than 12
hours in a U.S. 290 traffic jam, called for a careful review of the
evacuation.

\'People are downplaying the fact that people died in the evacuation and
that is not right,\' he said. \'Is the chance of dying greater in the
movement than in the storm? That\'s the question we need to
consider\'.\"\]

Hsu, Spencer S., and William Branigin. \"Former FEMA Director Blames La.

Officials for Katrina Response Failures.\" Washington Post, September
27, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/27/AR2005092700709_pf.html>

Jordan, Lara Jakes. \"White House Highlights Rita Readiness.\"
Associated Press, September 21, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Weather/wireStory?id=1144896]{.underline}](http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Weather/wireStory?id=1144896)
\-- \[Note:

Toward end of article notes that \"Paulison said the federal response to
Rita would depend \'much more heavily\' on the Pentagon and the National
Guard than it did initially for Katrina. But he said the biggest
difference in comparing the government\'s response between the two
storms would be stepped-up communications among state, local and federal
authorities\--which was riddled with problems when Katrina hit.\"\]

Jordan, Lara Jakes. \"Ex-FEMA Director Brown Blames Others.\" Associated
Press, September 27, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2005/09/27/national/w112324D56.DTL>

Kitfield, James. \"Coast Guard Official \[Admiral Allen\] Fills
Leadership Void in Katrina Relief Effort.\" National Journal, September
23, 2005.

Accessed at:
[[http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0905/092305nj1.htm]{.underline}](http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0905/092305nj1.htm)
\-- Some quotes and notes:

On Coast Guard Vice Admiral Thad Allen:

\"Allen\...had an oft-used saying that would guide him in this crisis:

Transparency breeds self-correcting behavior. He would open the process
up, shine the light of media scrutiny on the entire recovery project,
and let the American people judge their efforts\"

Admiral Allen has \"\...an air of quiet competence, and the bedside
manner of a country doctor.\"

\"Allen would think back to his long experience in managing oil spills
as a frame of reference for the countless challenges left in Katrina\'s
wake.

Like Katrina, a bad oil spill could destroy local economies, overwhelm
state capabilities, and represent a drain on strategic resources. Oil
spills also inevitably threw a lot of very pissed-off people from every
level of government into proximity with one another\...\"

\"The first guiding principle would be to treat all of Katrina\'s many
victims like family.\"

On FEMA:

\"\...as the Katrina recovery project continued to transition from
rescue and crisis response to disaster relief and rebuilding, the burden
of the entire effort was increasingly shifting onto the shoulders of an
already sagging agency that was overly politicized at the top, was
directionless at the regional level, was badly understaffed in the
field, and was demoralized throughout.\"

\"Scott Wells is the chief FEMA representative in New Orleans\....He
conceded that the field staff was inadequate from the start in dealing
with a catastrophic storm like Katrina. \'FEMA is build on an
outsourcing model, and we have hardly any depth in terms of operations,
logistics, or planning.\' Wells said. \'The team I had in Baton Rouge
was probably a fifth of what was needed\...That meant all w could do was
react, because we never had the time or staff to plan ahead\....And FEMA
headquarters wouldn\'t send additional people to New Orleans until we
could secure hotel rooms for them, which, from a field perspective, was
bogus\'.\"

Lawrence, Jill. \"Governors Handle Crisis In Own Ways.\" USA Today,
September 12, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-09-12-two-governors_x.htm]{.underline}](http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-09-12-two-governors_x.htm)

Levine, Samantha, and Bennett Roth. \"Mass Evacuations Crushed Disaster
Plans, Eckels Says.\" Houston Chronicle, September 28, 2005. Accessed
at:

[[http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/metropolitan/3374438]{.underline}](http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/metropolitan/3374438)

Lipton, Eric, Eric Schmitt, and Thom Shanker. \"Political Issues Snarled
Plans for Troop Aid.\" New York Times, September 8, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.heraldtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050909/ZNYT02/509090748/-1/AP>

Miami Herald (Editorial). \"Putting FEMA Back in Capable Hands.\"
September 13, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/editorial/12629903.htm]{.underline}](http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/editorial/12629903.htm)

Mittelstadt, Michelle. \"Emergency Management Workers Learn From Katrina
Mistakes.\" The Dallas Morning News, September 17, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.montereyherald.com/mld/montereyherald/news/politics/12656015.htm]{.underline}](http://www.montereyherald.com/mld/montereyherald/news/politics/12656015.htm)

Mohammed, Arshad, and Yuki Noguchi. \"Crisis Communications Network
Criticized - FCC Chairman Urges More Mobile, Rugged System as Firms
Prepare for Rita.\" Washington Post, September 23, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/22/AR2005092202160.html?nav=rss_technology>

Nossiter, Adam. \"Nagin Faces Questions of Leadership.\" Associated
Press, September 21, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-09-20-nagin_x.htm]{.underline}](http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-09-20-nagin_x.htm)

Oberstar, Rep. James L. \"Gulf Coast Message: Free FEMA.\" Minneapolis
Star-Tribune, September 21, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.startribune.com/stories/1519/5625781.html]{.underline}](http://www.startribune.com/stories/1519/5625781.html)

O\'Brien, Keith, and Bryan Bender. \"Chronology of Errors: How A
Disaster Spread.\" The Boston Globe, September 11, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.boston.com/news/weather/articles/2005/09/11/chronology_of_errors_how_a_disaster_spread/>

Orlando Sentinel (Editorial). \"A Role Not Fulfilled \-- Our Position:

Michael Brown Failed To Show Leadership That FEMA Desperately Needed.\"

September 13, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/opinion/orl-ed13205sep13,1,5138190.story?coll=orl-opinion-utility-bonus>

Rabkin, Norman J (Managing Director, GAO Homeland Security and Justice
Issues). Hurricane Katrina: Providing Oversight of the Nation\'s
Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Activities - Testimony Before the
Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and
Commerce, House of Representatives (GAO-05-1053T). Washington, DC:

Government Accountability Office, September 28, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d051053t.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d051053t.pdf)
\[Note: One short quote: \"Our work on preparedness \-- programs to
prevent disasters or prepare to respond in advance \-- has identified
needed improvements in a number of areas, including balancing efforts to
prepare for terrorism with efforts related to natural disasters and all
hazards.\" BWB: Isn\'t that the truth \-- See Effgen quote under
\"Terrorism\" heading near end of activity report. DHS funding guidance,
for the most part, is that funds to States and locals must be spent on
terrorism-unique capabilities, not all-hazard capabilities \-- under
misguided and wrong-headed notion that the better prepared one is for a
WMD terrorist attack, the better off one will be for anything else that
might happen. The opposite is more the case, bearing in mind that for
the terrorist hazard, as in all other hazards, there are hazard specific
steps that must be taken on top of the all-hazards approach.\]

Riccardi, Nicholas, and James Rainey. \"Save Yourself.\" Los Angeles
Times, September 13, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-dvd13sep13,1,3722064.story?coll=la-headlines-nation>

Rood, Justin. \"FEMA\'s Decline: An Agency\'s Slow Slide From Grace.\"

Government Executive Magazine, September 28, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0905/092805j1.htm]{.underline}](http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0905/092805j1.htm)

Rosenblatt, Susannah, and James Rainey (Los Angeles Times Service).

\"Reports of Post-Katrina Mayhem Appear Overblown.\" The Miami Herald,
September 27, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/weather/hurricanes/12749935.htm]{.underline}](http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/weather/hurricanes/12749935.htm)

\[Note: A possible re-learned lesson \-- mix large scale disaster and
governmental communications breakdowns or inadequacies and the result is
rumors gone wild \-- probably going to happen again in a
catastrophic-type disaster, so governments need to plan and prepare for
the rumor war and inaccurate or exaggerated reporting.\]

Sammon, Bill. \"Bush Offers Pentagon as \'Lead Agency\' in Disasters.\"
The Washington Times, September 26, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtontimes.com/functions/print.php?StoryID=20050926-122858-7624r>

Sappenfield, Mark. \"Military Wary of Disaster Role.\" Christian Science
Monitor. Sep. 29, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0929/p01s03-usmi.html]{.underline}](http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0929/p01s03-usmi.html)
\[An excerpt: \"The military can help with logistics and planning and
response, but \'the important decisions that need to be made are
political,\' says retired Col.

Randall Larsen, founder of the Institute for Homeland Security. \'It\'s
not a four-star general who should be making them\'.\"\]

Schanzer, David, and David Hayden. \"Leaders Need To Know Resources,
Cooperate - The Authorities, Plans and Assets For a Strong, Prompt
Federal Response Were All in Place Before Katrina - They Just Were Not
Used Properly.\" South Florida Sun-Sentinel, September 22, 2005.
Accessed at:

<http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/opinion/sfl-21forum21sep22,0,512903.story?coll=sfla-news-opinion>

Sedensky, Matt. \"Expanded Training Seen as Partial Solution to Flawed
Disaster Response.\" The Sun Herald (MS), September 24, 2005. Accessed
at:

<http://www.sunherald.com/mld/sunherald/news/special_packages/hurricane_katrina/12732777.htm>

\[Note: This article is based in part on two interviews I had with Matt
Sedensky, and in spite of the word \"training\" in the title, is about
the importance of emergency management higher education.\]

Shane, Scott, and Thom Shanker. \"When Storm Hit, \[Louisiana\] National
Guard Was Deluged Too.\" New York Times, September 28, 2005. Accessed
at:

<http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/national/nationalspecial/28guard.html?ei=5094&en=ce597fd0cd7fe88d&hp=&ex=1127966400&partner=homepage&pagewanted=print>

Shea, Christopher. \"Up For Grabs - Sociologists Question How Much
Looting and Mayhem Really Took Place in New Orleans.\" The Boston Globe,
September 11, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2005/09/11/up_for_grabs/]{.underline}](http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2005/09/11/up_for_grabs/)

Shenon, Philip. \"Clinton Assails Bush\'s Hurricane Relief Effort.\" New
York Times, Sep. 19, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/09/18/news/clint.php]{.underline}](http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/09/18/news/clint.php)

South Florida Sun-Sentinel. \"Brown Resigns.\" September 13, 2005.
Accessed

at:

<http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/opinion/editorial/sfl-edittdfemabrownsep13,0,7369325.story?coll=sfla-news-editorial>

Spotts, Peter N. \"Cities\' New Job 1: Disaster Plans - Early Confusion
After Katrina Prompts Reviews Across the U.S..\" Christian Science
Monitor, September 21, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0921/p01s02-ussc.html]{.underline}](http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0921/p01s02-ussc.html)
\[BWB Note: Would wager that if one were to review a random selection of
\"Emergency Operations Plans\" and then compare them to surrounding
jurisdictions, you would find high percentage of look-alike,
cookie-cutter, done-in-isolation, compliance documents of little
utility. Would also find, in public sector plans, (1) too little
attention to highly vulnerable groups of people in the jurisdiction, and
(2) focus, perhaps exclusively, to historically experienced types of
disasters in or around the jurisdiction, as opposed to material
addressing un-experienced catastrophe-type events.

Strohm, Chris. \"Weather Service Officials Gave Dire, Accurate Warnings
Before Hurricane Katrina Hit.\" Government Executive Magazine, September
23, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.govexec.com/story_page.cfm?articleid=32354&dcn=todaysnews]{.underline}](http://www.govexec.com/story_page.cfm?articleid=32354&dcn=todaysnews)

Thomas, Mike. \"The Prez Should Learn Hurricane Lesson From Jeb.\"
Orlando Sentinel, September 22, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.orlandosentinel.com/orl-miket2205sep22,0,2371474.column?track=mostemailedlink>

Tierney, John. \"From FEMA to WEMA - Let Wal-Mart Take Over Emergency
Management.\" New York Times, September 20, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/opinion/orl-tierney2105sep21,0,6706640.story?coll=orl-opinion-headlines>

U.S. Congress, House of Representatives. Committee on Government Reform.

\"Back to the Drawing Board: A First Look at Lessons Learned from
Katrina\"

(Hearing). Washington, DC: Committee on Government Reform, September 15,
2005. Accessed at:

[[http://reform.house.gov/GovReform/Hearings/EventSingle.aspx?EventID=33985]{.underline}](http://reform.house.gov/GovReform/Hearings/EventSingle.aspx?EventID=33985)

Includes statements by:

Ms. Constance Perett, Administrator, Office of Emergency Management,
County of Los Angeles, CA

\-- \[An excerpt: \"If I were to pick one aspect of emergency
preparedness that was the most critical it would be the coordination of
plans before disasters and the coordination of response and recovery
activities after disasters\...I firmly believe that by planning,
training, and exercising together before disasters occur, we are far
more capable of an effective, coordinated response during disasters.\"\]

Mr. Ellis Stanley, General Manager, Emergency Management Department,
City of Los Angeles, CA

Mr. Robert C. Bobb, Deputy Mayor/City Administrator, District of
Columbia

Mr. David J. Robertson, Executive Director, Metropolitan Washington
Council of Governments

Mr. Sherman \"Tony\" Carper, Jr., Director, Emergency Management Agency,
Broward County, FL

Chief Carlos J. Castillo, Director, Office of Emergency Management,
Miami-Dade County, FL

John R. Harrald, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and
Risk Management, The George Washington University

\[Excerpt: \"Prediction, planning, preparation, capacity, and capability
are all essential if we are to avoid catastrophic consequences from a
natural or technological disaster or a terrorist attack. We have done
well with prediction\...We have also done reasonably well with the
bureaucratic task of producing emergency plans. We have, in my opinion,
confused preparing the government with preparing the society at large.
We have spent far more on training first responders than we have in
mitigating vulnerability, improving our ability to warn the citizens, or
to educating and preparing the public. We have not adequately involved
the private sector in preparedness or recovery. Our drills and exercises
have identified the problems we must solve and the capacity and
capabilities we will need to respond from catastrophic events but we
have failed to make the investments necessary to build this capacity and
capability.\"\]

Dr. James Jay Caravan, Senior Research Fellow, The Heritage Foundation

USA Today (Editorial). \"How You Pay for People To Build In Flood
Zones.\"

September 21, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2005-09-20-our-view_x.htm]{.underline}](http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2005-09-20-our-view_x.htm)

VandeHei, Jim, and Josh White. \"Bush Urges Shift in Relief
Responsibilities

\- Congress Asked to Consider Placing Pentagon in Charge of Disaster
Response.\" Washington Post, September 26, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/25/AR2005092501224_pf.html>

Walker, Jesse. \"Nightmare in New Orleans - Do Disasters Destroy Social
Cooperation?\" Reasononline, September 7, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.globalecho.org/view_article.php?aid=5222]{.underline}](http://www.globalecho.org/view_article.php?aid=5222)

Walker, Mike. \"What Ails FEMA.\" Washington Times (Op Ed). September
13, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.washingtontimes.com/op-ed/20050912-090352-6779r.htm]{.underline}](http://www.washingtontimes.com/op-ed/20050912-090352-6779r.htm)

Washington Post (Editorial). \"Goodbye \'Brownie\'.\" September 13,
2005.

Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/12/AR2005091201596.html>

Witte,, Griff, and Charles R. Babcock. \"A Major Test for FEMA and It\'s
Contracting Crew.\" Washington Post, September 13, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/12/AR2005091202039.html>

Witte, Griff. \"FEMA Let Reserves Wither, Hurting Response, Some Say -
As It Seeks More Workers, Agency Relies on Contractors in Gulf Coast.\"
Washington Post, September 26, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/25/AR2005092501171_pf.html>

Yung, Katherine. \"After The Storm, FEMA Accused of Wastefulness.\"
Dallas Morning News, September 23, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.dallasnews.com/cgi-bin/bi/gold_print.cgi]{.underline}](http://www.dallasnews.com/cgi-bin/bi/gold_print.cgi)

\(9\) OTHER THAN KATRINA AND RITA RELATED ARTICLES:

Barbassa, Juliana. \"Thousands of Californians at Higher Flood Risk than
New Orleans.\" Associated Press, September 14, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.sacbee.com/state_wire/story/13562929p-14403412c.html]{.underline}](http://www.sacbee.com/state_wire/story/13562929p-14403412c.html)

Bernstein, Sharon. \"Southland Not Ready for Disaster.\" Los Angeles
Times, September 17, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/latimests/20050917/ts_latimes/southlandnotreadyfordisaster>

Cramer, Maria. \"Romney Orders Disaster-Plan Review.\" Boston Globe,
September 19, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2005/09/19/romney_orders_disaster_plan_review/>

\[Article notes that \"Since the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, 93 percent
of police departments and 87 percent of fire departments in
Massachusetts have decreased staff or kept staff levels the same.\" Also
reports \"that 83 percent of police departments and 92 percent of fire
departments were not prepared for an attack.\"\]

Fryer, Alex. \"Is Seattle Really Ready?\" Seattle Times, September 18,
2005.

Accessed at:

[[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002502756_disaster18m.html]{.underline}](http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002502756_disaster18m.html)

Government Executive Magazine (from CongressDaily). \"Chertoff Will
Proceed With DHS Reorganization.\" September 15, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0905/091405cdam2.htm]{.underline}](http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0905/091405cdam2.htm)

Hughes, John. \"If We Weren\'t Hurricane-Ready, What About A Terrorist
Attack?\" The Christian Science Monitor, September 28, 2005. Accessed
at:

[[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0928/p09s01-cojh.htm]{.underline}](http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0928/p09s01-cojh.htm)

Judd, Alan. \"Could Atlanta Cope? City\'s Disaster Plans May Not Stand
Up To Federal Scrutiny.\" Atlanta Journal-Constitution, September 18,
2005.

Accessed at:

[[http://www.ajc.com/search/content/news/breaking/katrina/18plan.html]{.underline}](http://www.ajc.com/search/content/news/breaking/katrina/18plan.html)

Murphy, Dan. \"U.S. Begins New Pitch To Muslim World - Close Adviser
Karen Hughes Is Touring Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey.\" The Christian
Science Monitor, Sep. 28, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0928/p01s03-wome.htm]{.underline}](http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0928/p01s03-wome.htm)

Revkin, Andrew C. \"Artic Ice Cap Shrank Sharply This Summer, Experts
Say.\"

New York Times, September 28, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/28/science/earth/28cnd-ice.html?ei=5094&en=c683397d88603ed3&hp=&ex=1127966400&partner=homepage&pagewanted=print>

Washington Post (Editorial). \"Rethinking Flood Insurance.\" September
21, 2005. Accessed at:

<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/20/AR2005092001509.html>

Werner, Erica. \"Earthquake Vs. Hurricane - Which Is Worse?\" Associated
Press, Sep.15, 2005. Accessed at:

[[http://www.sacunion.com/pages/california/articles/6184/]{.underline}](http://www.sacunion.com/pages/california/articles/6184/)

\(10\) INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EMERGENCY MANAGERS STATEMENT BY IAEM
PRESIDENT DEWAYNE WEST ON KATRINA:

\"Falls Church, Va., September 23, 2005. As I write this, my heart is
heavy watching the events and aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and the
approaching Hurricane Rita. I know you all share my concerns. We are in
the midst of responding to and recovering from the largest natural
catastrophe to strike the United States in our lifetime\....

\"The events that continue to unfold underscore the critical need for
strong emergency management programs throughout the world. Any doubt
regarding the value of the \"all-hazards\" approach to what we do or
should be doing, has surely been erased. Historically, adequate funding
and staffing has not been provided to the extent needed to address the
various phases of emergency preparedness. Added to this have been
guidelines and restrictions that hamper or prevent real preparedness and
mitigation. This has to change if we are to prevent similar occurrences
in the future. As our populations increase and hazards become more
complex and challenging, it is crucial that officials recognize the need
and their responsibility for adequate funding and support at all levels
of government. No longer can we have the \"spare tire\" syndrome applied
to emergency management and expect it to perform flawlessly when
disasters occur\....

\"We are also responsible for ensuring that we as emergency management
professionals are trained and prepared to do our jobs. This includes
training and education, professional development and program standards.
If you are not consistently upgrading your knowledge base and
capabilities, if you are not proactive in your role and program
development, then you need to consider another vocation. Apathy is no
longer acceptable regardless of the source. Our role and responsibility
is much too serious to be taken lightly.

\"There must be a renewed effort at all levels to accomplish these
goals. If this event doesn\'t serve as a wake-up call to everyone, then
I don\'t know what it will take. The word must go forth from IAEM
members, our partner organizations, and anyone else who can lend
support, to convince officials and policy makers that change must come.
After all, is that not what we have been saying for some time now? I
hope you will join me in this effort - our citizens deserve no less.\"

\(11\) JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, VOL.3, NO.4, JULY/AUGUST 2005:

September 24, 2005 \-- Received latest edition of JEM. Contents include:

Revisiting the Definition of \'Hazard\' and the Importance of Reducing
Vulnerability, by Dr. David McEntire

Personal-Law Issues in Emergency Management, by William Nicholson, JD

Managing Conflict, by Neil Simon

911 Center Staffing During Hurricanes: A Survey to Determine Best
Practices, by Christopher Kearns

Preparing People With Special Needs for Emergencies: The Alabama CSEPP
Model, by Dr. William Metz, et al.

Theories Relevant to Emergency Management Versus a Theory of Emergency
Management, by Dr. Tom Drabek

\(12\) KIRKWOOD COMMUNITY COLLEGE \-- TERRORIST AGENT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

PROGRAM:

September 28, 2005 \-- The Project Assistant forwarded to the EMI
Webmaster a description of the Terrorist Agent Control Technology 9
credit hour program for upload the Project website \-- The College List
section \-- Homeland Security subsection \-- where it should be
accessible shortly.

\(13\) MEDICAL MILITARY ASSETS:

To access an approximately 200-page RAND Corporation document put
together in 2004 on \"Triage for Civil Support: Using Military Medical
Assets to Respond to Terrorist Attacks,\" by Gary Cecchine, et al., for
the Office of the Secretary of Defense, go to:

[[http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2004/RAND_MG217.pdf]{.underline}](http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2004/RAND_MG217.pdf)

\(14\) MILITARY AND DISASTER RESPONSE:

September 26, 2005 \-- Email pasted-in from the IAEM Emergency
Management Discussion List:

Subject: RE: The Thin Silver Line\--The New Militarization of America

From: \"Gordon Deno\" \<gdeno@wilson-co.com\>

Date: Mon, 26 Sep 2005 17:12:12 -0400

X-Message-Number: 38

Hi All,

\"You don\'t want the military taking over? Then put yourself in a
position where you have full command of a situation. You want them to
take over, fumble and flop and around.\"

I will agree with that statement whole-heartedly. Folks, if your plans
are not solid, then you need to get them in line. How many plans have we
heard about that \"sit on the shelf\"? How many EM agencies, some of
which are probably on this list, have plans on paper only? Your plans
need to be living, breathing documents. Everyone with plan
responsibility needs to know their jobs and they need to have the
authority to carry out their assigned functions. I have seen
jurisdictions that did not have a designation of authority in place. In
other words, when the time came to make the decisions, the field
personnel had to call someone at home (mayor, manager, administrator,
etc) to get permission to do their job. In many situations, that delay
is unacceptable. I have also seen jurisdictions with plans in place but
the plan was known only to the EM office. Others had no clue as to how
they were supposed to respond in the event of a major situation. Mutual
aid agreements need to be in place. Relationships between local
government agencies and state government need to be solid\....BEFORE the
event occurs. Also, relationships within local government need to be in
line. If there is no trust between local agencies\...there will be an
inadequate response. I said this before\...I went to New Orleans. I
worked in their EOC. I saw things that I thought could never happen in
that large of a city.

When local plans fail, the responsible parties get on CNN and make
statements like \"Where is FEMA?\" Where is the state and federal

government?\" Bottom line\...when local plans fail, good people die. We
do not get a second chance to get it right folks. When we make mistakes,
the costs are way to high. Instead of complaining that the feds might
take over your operation\....you need to be proving to your own
jurisdictions that your plans are adequate. Collectively, we need to
start contacting our state and federal elected officials and let them
know the same thing. Your jurisdiction is your responsibility\...only
you can keep it that way.

Gordon Deno, CEM

Wilson County Emergency Management

Wilson, NC

\(15\) PLAIN DEALER OHIO NEWSPAPER INTERVIEW:

September 28, 2005 \-- Talked with a reporter from the Plain Dealer who
is working over the next couple days on an article on Emergency
Management Higher Education \-- particularly in Ohio. Pointed out the
College List on the Project website \-- and the location there on
several programs in Ohio where his investigation could be furthered.
Also pointed out the \"Hi Ed Presentation\" on the Project website for
background information on when did these programs and the Project start,
why, what does the future look like for more programs, students getting
jobs, kinds of key or core emergency management courses.

\(16\) NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU MEETING:

September 29, 2005 \-- Met with Lee J. Bennett, jr., Associate Project
Manager, and Barry L. Reynolds, Senior Military Analyst, with Abrams
Learning & Information Systems, Inc. (ALIS), who are working on a
project for the National Guard Bureau to develop something akin to a
Homeland Defense Program for National Guard personnel. They had been
told by NORTHCOM that it\'s Homeland Defense Higher Education Consortium
had been modeled on FEMA\'s Emergency Management Higher Education
Project, thus were interested in hearing about how the Project came
about and what it has done and intends to do. For more information Mr.
Bennett can be reached at:

leebennettAalisinc.com, and Mr. Reynolds at: breynolds@alisinc.com

\(17\) TERRORISM, NATURAL DISASTERS, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY,
FEMA:

September 26, 2005 \-- An excerpt from the IAEM Emergency Management
Discussion List:

\"\....From a risk/threat management perspective natural disasters were
responsible for 85 percent of all insured losses in 2003. \'All\' human
caused disasters were responsible for only 15% of insured losses, and
terrorism represented, as it should, an insignificant portion of that
total.

If we are to develop an effective (and cost effective risk/threat
management policy for the United States we must first understand that we
exist in a single risk/threat universe. We must develop policies that
reflect and penetrate the real risks and threats that exist in that one
universe. We must develop a view of the \'Big Picture.\' It has been my
position that what has been lacking in the leadership of DHS is the
\'battlefield experience\'

that only comes from years preparing for and responding to disasters. We
must either separate FEMA from DHS or infuse DHS with the leadership
that may only come from a small and insignificant community of
individuals who call themselves emergency managers.\" Christopher
Effgen, Anchorage, Alaska

\(18\) WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY \-- INVESTIGATING BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT:

September 26, 2005 \-- Received email from Dr, Nancy Parsons, Professor,
Community Health and Health Services Management, Western Illinois
University, Macomb, IL, who wrote seeking a review of the school\'s
outline of courses comprising a BS in EM, as well as a spreadsheet
matching competencies to courses. Provided review comments.

B.Wayne Blanchard, Ph.D., CEM

Higher Education Project Manager

Emergency Management Institute

National Emergency Training Center

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Department of Homeland Security

16825 S. Seton, N-430

Emmitsburg, MD 21727

\(301\) 447-1262, voice

\(301\) 447-1598, fax

wayne.blanchard@dhs.gov

[[http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu]{.underline}](http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu)