**HH3. What are the trends in exposure to environmental pollutants
including across population subgroups and geographic regions?**

+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > Table        |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| >              |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
|  347Phthalate. |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Geometric    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > mean and     |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > selected     |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > percentiles  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > of selected  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > metabolite   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > urine        |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| >              |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| concentrations |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > and          |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > creat        |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| inine-adjusted |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > levels for   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > the United   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > States       |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > population,  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > aged 6 years |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > and older,   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > National     |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Health and   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Nutrition    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Examination  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Survey       |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > (NHANES),    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > 1999-2000    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > (when        |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > available)   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > and          |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > 2001-2002.   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+================+========+==========+=======+=====+=====+=====+=====+
|                | >      | > Sample | Geom  | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|                | Survey | > Size   | etric | 50^ | 75^ | 90^ | 95^ |
|                | >      |          | Mean  | th^ | th^ | th^ | th^ |
|                |  Years |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > Mono-methyl  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 200  | > 2,782  | 1.15  | > 1 | > 3 | > 6 | > 9 |
| > urine        | 1-2002 |          |       | .50 | .30 | .00 | .80 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 200  | > 2,772  | 1.08  | > 1 | > 2 | > 5 | > 7 |
| > creatinine\* | 1-2002 |          |       | .33 | .62 | .00 | .97 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| >              |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
|  Mono-isobutyl |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 200  | > 2,782  | 2.71  | > 2 | > 5 | > 1 | > 1 |
| > urine        | 1-2002 |          |       | .60 | .70 | 1.9 | 7.9 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 200  | > 2,772  | 2.53  | > 2 | > 4 | > 8 | > 1 |
| > creatinine\* | 1-2002 |          |       | .44 | .50 | .02 | 2.0 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > M            |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| ono-(2-ethyl-5 |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| -hydroxyhexyl) |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 200  | > 2,782  | 20.0  | > 2 | > 4 | > 9 | >   |
| > urine        | 1-2002 |          |       | 0.1 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 192 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 200  | > 2,772  | 18.8  | > 1 | > 3 | > 7 | >   |
| > creatinine\* | 1-2002 |          |       | 6.6 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 147 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > Mono-(2-ethy |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| l-5-oxoyhexyl) |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 200  | > 2,782  | 13.5  | > 1 | > 2 | > 5 | >   |
| > urine        | 1-2002 |          |       | 4.0 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 120 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 200  | > 2,772  | 12.6  | > 1 | > 2 | > 4 | > 8 |
| > creatinine\* | 1-2002 |          |       | 1.2 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 7.5 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > Mono-3       |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| -carboxypropyl |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 200  | > 2,782  | 2.75  | > 3 | > 5 | > 1 | > 1 |
| > urine        | 1-2002 |          |       | .00 | .70 | 0.0 | 4.6 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 200  | > 2,772  | 2.57  | > 2 | > 4 | > 7 | > 1 |
| > creatinine\* | 1-2002 |          |       | .45 | .07 | .25 | 1.4 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > Mono-ethyl   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 199  | > 2,536  | 179   | >   | >   | > 1 | > 2 |
| > urine        | 9-2000 | >        |       | 164 | 450 | 260 | 840 |
|                | >      | > 2,782  | 178   | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | >   | >   | > 1 | > 2 |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | 169 | 465 | 230 | 500 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 199  | > 2,536  | 163   | >   | >   | >   | > 1 |
| > creatinine\* | 9-2000 | >        |       | 141 | 360 | 898 | 950 |
|                | >      | > 2,772  | 167   | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | >   | >   | >   | > 1 |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | 147 | 388 | 975 | 860 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > Mono-n-butyl |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | 24.6  | > 2 | > 5 | > 9 | >   |
| > urine        | 9-2000 | >        |       | 6.0 | 1.6 | 8.6 | 149 |
|                | >      | > 2,782  | 18.9  | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | > 2 | > 4 | > 7 | >   |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | 0.4 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 108 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | 22.4  | > 2 | > 3 | > 6 | > 9 |
| > creatinine\* | 9-2000 | >        |       | 1.9 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 7.5 |
|                | >      | > 2,772  | 17.8  | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | > 1 | > 3 | > 5 | > 8 |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | 7.4 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 1.3 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > Mono-benzyl  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | 15.3  | > 1 | > 3 | > 6 | >   |
| > urine        | 9-2000 | >        |       | 7.0 | 5.3 | 7.1 | 103 |
|                | >      | > 2,782  | 15.1  | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | > 1 | > 3 | > 8 | >   |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | 5.7 | 8.0 | 0.8 | 122 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | 14.0  | 1   | 2   | 5   | 7   |
| > creatinine\* | 9-2000 | >        |       | 3.3 | 5.1 | 0.1 | 7.4 |
|                | >      | > 2,772  | 14.1  |     |     |     |     |
|                | > 200  |          |       | 1   | 2   | 5   | 9   |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | 3.5 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 0.4 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > M            |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| ono-cyclohexyl |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | NC    | \<  | \<  | >   | > 1 |
| > urine        | 9-2000 | >        |       | LOD | LOD |  \< | .00 |
|                | >      | > 2,782  | NC    |     |     | LOD | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | \<  | \<  | >   | > 0 |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | LOD | LOD | > 0 | .40 |
|                |        |          |       |     |     | .40 |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | NC    | \<  | \<  | >   | > 3 |
| > creatinine\* | 9-2000 | >        |       | LOD | LOD |  \< | .00 |
|                | >      | > 2,772  | NC    |     |     | LOD | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | \<  | \<  | >   | > 0 |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | LOD | LOD | > 0 | .85 |
|                |        |          |       |     |     | .59 |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > Mon          |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| o-2-ethylhexyl |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | 3.4   | >   | >   | > 1 | > 2 |
| > urine        | 9-2000 | >        |       | 3.2 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 3.8 |
|                | >      | > 2,782  | 4.3   | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | >   | >   | > 2 | > 3 |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | 4.1 | 9.8 | 2.8 | 8.9 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | 3.1   | >   | >   | > 1 | > 1 |
| > creatinine\* | 9-2000 | >        |       | 3.1 | 5.9 | 0.8 | 8.5 |
|                | >      | > 2,772  | 4.0   | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | >   | >   | > 1 | > 3 |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | 3.9 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 2.8 |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > Mono-n-octyl |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | NC    | \<  | \<  | >   | > 2 |
| > urine        | 9-2000 | >        |       | LOD | LOD | 1.6 | .90 |
|                | >      | > 2,782  | NC    |     |     | >   | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | \<  | \<  | >   | >   |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | LOD | LOD |  \< |  \< |
|                |        |          |       |     |     | LOD | LOD |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | NC    | \<  | \<  | >   | > 3 |
| > creatinine\* | 9-2000 | >        |       | LOD | LOD | 2.4 | .51 |
|                | >      | > 2,772  | NC    |     |     | >   | >   |
|                | > 200  |          |       | \<  | \<  | >   | >   |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | LOD | LOD |  \< |  \< |
|                |        |          |       |     |     | LOD | LOD |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| >              |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
|  Mono-isononyl |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > phthalate    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/L of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | NC    | \<  | \<  | \<  | 3   |
| > urine        | 9-2000 | >        |       | LOD | LOD | LOD | .50 |
|                | >      | > 2,782  | NC    |     |     |     |     |
|                | > 200  |          |       | \<  | \<  | \<  | \<  |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | LOD | LOD | LOD | LOD |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > µg/g of      | > 199  | > 2,541  | NC    | \<  | \<  | \<  | 4   |
| > creatinine\* | 9-2000 | >        |       | LOD | LOD | LOD | .29 |
|                | >      | > 2,772  | NC    |     |     |     |     |
|                | > 200  |          |       | \<  | \<  | \<  | \<  |
|                | 1-2002 |          |       | LOD | LOD | LOD | LOD |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| \* µg per gram |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| of creatinine  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| in urine       |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
|                |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| \<LOD= Less    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| than the limit |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| of detection   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| of the         |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| analytical     |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| method.        |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
|                |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| NC= Not        |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| calculated --  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| Proportion of  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| results below  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| limit of       |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| detection was  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| too high to    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| provide a      |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| valid result.  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
|                |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Source:      |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| >              |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Centers for  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Disease      |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Control and  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Prevention.  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Third        |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > National     |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Report on    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Human        |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Exposure to  |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| >              |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
|  Environmental |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > Chemicals.   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > July 2005.   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > (Accessed    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > August 29,   |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > 2005)        |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| >              |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| > <http://w    |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| ww.cdc.gov/exp |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| osurereport/3r |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
| d/results.htm> |        |          |       |     |     |     |     |
+----------------+--------+----------+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+