Creative Services Office\
Style Guide for Berkeley Lab Authors and Editors

1 Purpose

The purpose of this style guide is to define the basic style rules to be
followed by the Writing and Editing Group of Berkeley Lab's Creative
Services Office (CSO).

2 Scope

This style guide applies to all documents produced by the Writing and
Editing Group. These documents include, but are not limited to,

-   Journal articles

-   Monographs and proceedings

-   Technical documents not to be published in journals

-   Pamphlets and brochures originating with CSO

-   Formal Berkeley Lab publications (that is, publications that receive
    a PUB or LBNL number)

-   PowerPoint and other electronic presentations

-   Web work

3 General Guidance

The Writing and Editing Group is called on to produce a wide array of
documents. Some of these documents must follow pre-existing formats,
while for other documents the Creative Services Office writers and
editors must decide on the format. It is not the intent of this style
guide to override standard and widely accepted format standards, nor is
it the intent of this guide to override formats required by individual
journals.

Likewise, this guide is not intended as a guide to writing effective
scientific reports. There are numerous works of this kind in the
marketplace. One excellent work (although somewhat out of date with
regard to electronic publishing) is *The Scientific Report: A Guide for
Authors*, published by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's
Technical Information Department. A second is the ever-popular *The
Elements of Style*, by Strunk and White.

Here is a set of references the Creative Services Office uses for style,
scientific terminology, and other writing questions.

-   *The Chicago Manual of Style*, 14^th^ edition (1993) (Not all
    editors have this edition.)

-   *Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary* (1983) (Do we need a
    newer edition?)

-   *Webster's Third New International Dictionary* (1993) (one copy in
    pool editors' area)

-   *AIP Style Manual*, Fourth Edition (1990) (Is there a newer one?)

-   *ACS Style Guide* (1986) (limited to chemical sciences disciplines;
    is there a newer one?)

-   *Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia*, Fifth Edition (1976) (one
    copy in pool editors' area) (Time to update this one too!)

-   *McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms*, Fifth
    Edition (1994) (one copy in pool editors'area)

    • *Glossary of Geology*, Second Edition (1980) (one copy in pool
    editors' area)

-   *ALS Style Guide* (ed. Greiner et al.) (for ALS work)

-   *Yucca Mountain Style Guide* (ed. Hawkes et al.) (specifically for
    Yucca Mountain but can be used for Earth Sciences work)

Here are some basic rules to follow when deciding on a format to use for
a document.

-   If a paper is to be submitted to a journal, follow the style guide
    for that journal.

-   If a paper is not to be submitted to a journal, but is a formal LBNL
    report, follow the style guide closest to the discipline in which
    the paper is written. Examples:

    -- Physics: *AIP Style Guide*

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-   Chemistry: *ACS Style Guide*

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-   

4 Use of Lab's Name

The following table summarizes the rules for using LBNL's current
official name (see also Regulations and Procedures Manual, Section 1.20
(<http://www.lbl.gov/Workplace/RPM/R1.20.html#RTFToC1>).

+----------------+----------------------------+-----------------------+
| **Type of      | **Acceptable Uses**        | **Unacceptable Uses** |
| Document**     |                            |                       |
+----------------+----------------------------+-----------------------+
| "Popular"      | Ernest Orlando Lawrence    | E.O. Lawrence         |
| documents      | Berkeley National          | Berkeley National     |
| (those         | Laboratory                 | Laboratory            |
| documents      |                            |                       |
| likely to be   | # Berkeley Lab             | Berkeley National     |
| viewed by a    |                            | Laboratory            |
| nonscientific  |                            |                       |
| audience)      |                            | Lawrence Berkeley     |
|                |                            | National Lab          |
|                |                            |                       |
|                |                            | Berkeley National Lab |
|                |                            |                       |
|                |                            | The Berkeley Lab      |
|                |                            |                       |
|                |                            | LBL                   |
+----------------+----------------------------+-----------------------+
| Technical      | Ernest Orlando Lawrence    | Same as above         |
| documents      | Berkeley National          |                       |
| (LBNL reports, | Laboratory                 |                       |
| etc.)          |                            |                       |
|                | Lawrence Berkeley National |                       |
|                | Laboratory                 |                       |
|                |                            |                       |
|                | Berkeley Lab               |                       |
|                |                            |                       |
|                | LBNL                       |                       |
+----------------+----------------------------+-----------------------+
| Presentations  | Ernest Orlando Lawrence    | Same as above         |
| (PowerPoint,   | Berkeley National          |                       |
| etc.)          | Laboratory                 |                       |
|                |                            |                       |
|                | # Berkeley Lab             |                       |
+----------------+----------------------------+-----------------------+
| Web pages      | Ernest Orlando Lawrence    | Same as above         |
|                | Berkeley National          |                       |
|                | Laboratory                 |                       |
|                |                            |                       |
|                | # Berkeley Lab             |                       |
|                |                            |                       |
|                | # The Lab, LBNL            |                       |
+----------------+----------------------------+-----------------------+

1.  [Cover and Title Page]{.underline}. The full name always appears on
    the cover and title page of the document. "Berkeley Lab" will appear
    only in the logo on document cover and (if used) title page. The
    same is true for web-based documents.

2.  [Sections of Large Documents]{.underline}. For large multisection
    documents, especially if individual readers may be likely to read
    only one or a few of the sections, the full name should be used at
    the start of each section or chapter, with later references as
    either "Berkeley Lab, " "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory," or
    "LBNL," depending on the technical level and proposed readership of
    the document. The same is true for web-based documents.

3.  [Technical Documents]{.underline}. Even in technical documents, the
    full name is preferred for first use, although "Lawrence Berkeley
    National Laboratory" may be substituted for the first use,
    especially if the acronym LBNL will be used frequently. In this
    case, the first use would read "Lawrence Berkeley National
    Laboratory (LBNL)." The same is true for web-based documents.

4.  [Presentations]{.underline}. The logo (with "Berkeley Lab" attached)
    should appear on every viewgraph/slide. The full name only has to
    appear on the first "title page" viewgraph/slide.

5.  [Informal Usage]{.underline}. "The Lab" or "LBNL." Use the acronym
    LBNL (after defining) to save space. Use on presentations and
    informal documents.

**5 Reference Style**

There seem to be as many different styles for references as there are
scientific disciplines. If a report does not have a required reference
style (required by the journal or proceedings to which it is being sent,
for example), use the following rules for references.

(a) Use the author/date form (example: Albert, 2000) of referencing in
    the document. (If you've ever worked with a document with hundreds
    of references, numbered from 1 on, and the author has added a
    reference to the second paragraph, you know how much more efficient
    the author/date method is.)

(b) For one author, use the author's last name, followed by a comma and
    the date (Albert, 2000).

(c) For two authors, use both authors' names separated by "and,"
    followed by a comma and the date (Albert and Albert, 2000).

(d) For three or more authors, use the first author's name and "et al.,"
    followed by a comma and the date (Albert et al., 2000). Do not
    italicize et al.

(e) If one author has more than one reference in the same year, use
    lower-case "a," "b," etc., to designate the different references
    (Albert, 2000a,b). The same rules apply to multiple authors (Albert
    and Albert, 2000a,b); (Albert et al., 2000a,b)

(f) For references to multiple works by the same author at the same
    time, separate each reference by a semicolon, even if all references
    are by the same author (Albert, 2000; Albert, 1999). In these cases,
    always put the most recent reference first.

(g) In the reference list itself, use the following format: Author's
    last name, comma, initials, comma, date, period. Document title in
    quotes if part of a larger work, or in italics if a monograph or
    separate report. If part of a larger work, follow document title by
    comma, then "in" and the title of the larger work in italics,
    followed by a period. Then give publication information other than
    date.\
    \
    Here are some examples of reference format:\
    \
    Albert, R.E., 2000. "Style Guide," in *The Big Book of Doing Things
    Right*.\
    \
    Albert, R.E., X.B. Dee, and R.L. Jones, 2000. "Style Guide," in *The
    Big Book of Doing Things Right*\
    \
    Albert, R.E., 2000. *The Big Book of Doing Things Right*.\
    \
    Albert, R.E., X.B. Dee, and R.L. Jones, 2000. *The Big Book of Doing
    Things Right*.

(h) For journal abbreviations, refer to the style guide of the journal's
    discipline. The following have excellent lists:

-   *AIP Style Guide* (includes a very wide list of journals in the
    physical sciences)

-   *ACS Style Guide* (in the chemical sciences; overlaps with the list
    above)

-   *Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index* (per the ACS Style Guide,
    CASSI "provides a complete list of recommended journal
    abbreviations.")

6 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Define all acronyms and abbreviations on first use. Also, in large
reports, if an acronym or abbreviation is used in one part of the report
and then in another part somewhat later, it is usually wise to redefine
the acronym when it is reused.

Acronyms and abbreviations unique to LBNL are listed in the LBNL
Acronyms and Abbreviations Table (Attachment A). The *Yucca Mountain
Style Guide* lists additional abbreviations related to earth sciences.
Another major source of acronyms and abbreviations in use at LBNL is the
acronym list for the Appendix F Self-Assessment report.

7 Word Usage

Word usage has been covered well in other writing guides. In this
section, only the minimum guidance is provided.

\(a\) Active Versus Passive Voice

Avoid use of the passive voice. In scientific and technical writing,
however, use the passive voice when you want to place the emphasis on
the action, not the actors. Here are examples of good and bad use of
passive voice.

[Good use of passive voice]{.underline}: The chemical mixture was
refluxed for three hours.

[Bad use of passive voice]{.underline}: The mass-spectrometer data were
studied by the scientific staff.

\(b\) Series

Always use terminal commas in series. In technical and scientific
writing, not using terminal commas can lead to misunderstanding.
(Improvements were shown in waste disposal, recycling and reuse, and
medical-waste rates. *versus* Improvements were shown in waste disposal,
recycling and reuse and medical-waste rates.)

When items in series include commas, break up the items with semicolons.
(Three nation groups were represented: The Sauk, Fox, and Ojibway; the
Seneca; and the Delaware.)

\(c\) Hyphenation

Table 6.1 of the *Chicago Manual of Style* is the definitive guide for
hyphenation, compound words, and words with prefixes and suffixes.

Hyphenation should be used to clarify the text. As a general rule, if in
editing the work you are unclear how a series of modifying words relate
to one another, the words probably need one or more hyphens. Beyond this
general guidance, here are some rules for specific cases. Also, see
"Specific Word Usage" below for more examples of hyphenated versus open
or closed words.

-   Hyphenate all compound modifiers unless the modifiers are in such
    general usage in the field that the hyphens will be seen as
    intrusive (high energy physics).

-   Hyphenate "high" and "low" used as compound adjectives, unless the
    compound is a commonly accepted term (high-gain meter; high energy
    physics).

-   Hyphenate all "self" compounds (self-assessment).

-   Hyphenate adjectival compounds comprising a number and a unit of
    measure that appear before a noun. When an adjective is added after
    the unit of measure, join the adjective and unit with a hyphen.
    (three-mile limit; three-meter-high wall).

-   Do not hyphenate numerals used with abbreviated scientific units of
    measure. (33 m distance; 3 m high wall)

-   Hyphenate ordinal numbers used as compound modifiers (first-order
    equation).

-   Hyphenate spelled-out fractional numbers used as nouns (one-half of
    the staff).

-   Hyphenate compound numbers used as adjectives (forty-one percent).

-   Hyphenate "air" used as a compound adjective (air-cooled engine,
    air-emission measurement).

-   Hyphenate prefixes such as "re" "pre," and "un" if needed for
    clarity; otherwise close up (re-form *versus* reform; un-ionize
    *versus* unionize; re-enter; retest; pre-existing; predetermined).

-   Do not hyphenate two-word foreign phrases used as adjectives (in
    situ bioremediation, not in-situ bioremediation*).*.

-   Do not hyphenate adverbs ending in "ly" (example: highly charged
    proton).

    \(d\) Specific Word Usage

Both the Yucca Mountain Style Guide and the ALS Style Guide have details
on specific word usage in their respective disciplines.

Here is a very limited list of specific word usages of local interest.

Use must, not shall. (We will lose this battle to the authors many
times.)

"Data" is a plural noun! (The data were astounding.) To avoid this
problem, recast the text: "A data set" or "A data item" are singular.

"Access" and "impact" are still nouns, not verbs.

Close up "back" when used as a prefix (backup, backscatter, background).

Close up "mis" when used as a prefix (misquote, misspell).

Close up "multi" when used as a prefix (multitasking machine).

Close up "non" when used as a prefix, unless it is used with a proper
noun (nonnecessary; non-LBNL).

beamline

borehole

database (one word)

e-mail

onsite, offsite (adjectives); on site, off site (nouns)

on line (noun), on-line (adjective)

sitewide

use (not utilize)

Web, Web site

The "water" series:

> groundwater, rainwater, wastewater (closed up)
>
> surface water, storm water (open)

[Its]{.underline} [versus]{.underline} [it's]{.underline}. It's means
"it is." Its is the possessive pronoun. This is one of the most commonly
made mistakes: You can find "Wine country living at it's best" is almost
any real estate publication.

[Principle vs principal]{.underline}. Principle (noun) is a rule as in a
physical principle, or arguing from first principles. Principal means
either "most important" (adjective) or "the most important person"
(noun, as in Principal of Jouquin Miller Elementary School). PI always
means "principal investigator."

8 Capitalization

Capitalize proper nouns (e.g., specific names for locations, specific
projects, program offices, and specific titles).

Here are a few local examples:

-   Laboratory Director

-   Associate Laboratory Director

-   Division Director (when referring to a specific division --- e.g.,
    the Physics Department Division Director)

-   However, lowercase (division director) when referring to division
    directors in general (example: Several division directors attended
    the retreat.)

Use lower case for all spelled-out chemical elements (e.g., Cs, but
cesium)

Use lower case for all spelled-out units of measure (e.g., a dalton, not
a Dalton; angstrom, not Angstrom).

9 Number Usage

-   Spell out all numbers between one and ten, unless they relate
    specifically to a unit of measure. For numbers greater than ten, use
    numerals (seven boreholes, 7 kg, 12 boreholes).

-   If a list of numbers contains numbers both less than and greater
    than ten, use numerals for all numbers in the list. (The results
    showed, in order of testing, 55, 6, and 17 responses.)

-   Spell out all numbers that start a sentence. If the sentence reads
    poorly, recast the sentence. (Forty-one percent of the results fell
    below the expected threshold.)

-   Use en-dashes for ranges of numbers (7--12).

-   Use commas for all numbers of four digits or more (4,567).

-   Do not use a comma between a month and a year (April 1954). If you
    use the exact date, set off the year with a comma. (On April 5,
    1954, I watched Hopalong Cassidy.)

-   Do not use an apostrophe in setting off years or decades. Use the
    apostrophe for possession only (the 1960s, 1964's greatest hits).

-   Place a zero before the decimal point. Put only numbers that are
    significant to the right of the decimal point. (0.25, not .25;
    6.543, but not 6.23000, unless the zeros are significant figures)

-   Units: In general, units should be Systeme Internationale (SI),
    unless the discipline specifically uses other units. While liter is
    not a SI unit, it is in common usage. Its abbreviation is upper-case
    L (not lower case).

10. Miscellaneous Lab Style Points:

-   The Lab is comprised of a Laboratory Director, Steven Chu (just
    named); two deputy Lab directors (Pier Oddone for Science, Sally
    Benson for Operations), and about 20 division directors. See org
    chart on LBNL Web site
    (http://www.lbl.gov/Workplace/Lab-Support/org-chart.html).
    Charles V. Shank, our former Director, is staying on for awhile
    through a transition period.

-   Materials Sciences Division, not Material Sciences Division

-   Environment, Health and Safety Division (EH&S), but you will also
    see the phrase Environment Safety and Health, which refers to the
    Department of Energy counterpart program.

11 Publishing Guidelines

The Report Coordination (RCO) web site
([**http://www-library.lbl.gov/teid/tmRco/howto/RcoHowto.htm**](http://www-library.lbl.gov/teid/tmRco/howto/RcoHowto.htm))
gives step-by-step instructions on publishing at Berkeley Lab. Topics
include document categories for patent clearance; how to phrase and
where to put copyright information, funding credits, and the Berkeley
Lab logo; and how to prepare the document submission forms.

A checklist for authors and editors is provided at:
[**http://www-library.lbl.gov/teid/tmRco/howto/RcoChecklist.htm**](http://www-library.lbl.gov/teid/tmRco/howto/RcoChecklist.htm)

12 Web Sites of Interest

-   Publishing at Berkeley Lab (requesting publication numbers, filling
    out document submission forms, etc.):
    <http://www-library.lbl.gov/teid/tmRco/howto/RcoHowto.htm>

-   Lab Home Page: [http://www.lbl.gov](http://www.lbl.gov/)

-   Lab Org Chart:
    http://www.lbl.gov/Workplace/Lab-Support/org-chart.html

-   Lab Phone Directory: <http://www.lbl.gov/ds/>

-   The View, biweekly newsletter printed and on line, at
    <http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Currents/archive/index.html>

-   Today at Berkeley Lab (TABL), daily e-mail newsletter, can be viewed
    at <http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Currents/archive/index.html>

-   Computer Protection Program (Computer Security)\
    <http://www.lbl.gov/ITSD/Security/index.html>

-   Regulations & Procedures Manual\
    <http://www.lbl.gov/Workplace/RPM/>

-   LETSLite (enter your time)\
    <http://www-iss.lbl.gov/systems/links.html>

-   Calendar System (on line)\
    <http://www.lbl.gov/cal>

-   Encyclopedia Britannica\
    <http://search.eb.com/>

-   Library Reference Shelf\
    <http://www-library.lbl.gov/teid/tmLib/refshelf/LibRefshelf.htm>

-   On-line Metric Conversion\
    <http://www.convert-me.com/en/>

    **13 CSO Contact Information**

For more information about this style guide or our services, contact
Julie McCullough ([**jmccullough@lbl.gov**](mailto:jmccullough@lbl.gov)
or x6491 or the CSO front desk (x6765).

13. **Attachment A. List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Used at LBNL**

  ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
  ACL          Advanced Computing Laboratory, LANL

  ACTS         Advanced Computational Testing and Simulation

  AFS          Andrew File System

  AGEX         aboveground experiments

  AGS          Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, BNL

  ANL          Argonne National Laboratory

  ARM          Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program

  ARPA         Advanced Research Projects Agency

  ASCI         Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative

  ATLAS        Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator

  ATM          Asynchronous Transfer Mode

  AUP          authorized use policy

  BABAR        B/B-bar detector, SLAC

  BEPC         Beijing Electron-Positron Collider

  BER          Biological and Environmental Research

  BES          Basic Energy Sciences

  BITnet       "Because It's Time" Network

  BNL          Brookhaven National Laboratory

  bps          bits per second

  CADD         computer-aided design and drafting

  CART         Cloud and Radiation Testbed

  CBR          constant bit rate

  CCS          Center for Computational Sciences, ORNL

  CDIAC        Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center

  CEBAF        Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (now JLab)

  CERN         European Organization for Nuclear Research

  CESR         Cornell Electron Storage Ring

  CHAMMP       Computer Hardware, Advanced Mathematics, and Model Physics

  CRADA        Cooperative Research and Development Agreement

  CTBT         Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

  DANTE        Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe Ltd.

  DARPA        Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

  DCC          Diesel Combustion Collaboratory

  DESY         German Electron Synchrotron Laboratory

  DOD-IP       Department of Defense Internet Protocol

  DOE          Department of Energy

  DP           Office of Defense Programs

  DPSS         Distributed Parallel Storage System

  DSIT         Data and Science Integration Team

  ECCE\'       Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment

  EE           Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

  EIA          Energy Information Agency

  EMSL         William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences
               Laboratory

  EPR          electronic paramagnetic resonance

  ER           Energy Research

  ERSUG        Energy Research Supercomputer Users Group

  ESCC         ESnet Site Coordinating Committee

  ESnet        Energy Sciences Network

  ESSC         ESnet Steering Committee

  ETP          Environmental Technology Partnerships

  EXERSUG      Executive Committee, Energy Research Supercomputer Users
               Group

  FDDI         fiber distributed data interface

  FES          Fusion Energy Sciences

  FIX-E        Federal Interagency eXchange-East

  FIX-W        Federal Interagency eXchange-West

  FNAL         Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

  FTICR        Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass
               spectrometer

  GA           General Atomics

  Gbps         giga (billion) bits per second

  GC           Grand Challenge

  GCM          general circulation model

  HEP          High Energy Physics

  HEPAP        High Energy Physics Advisory Panel

  HEPnet       High Energy Physics Network

  HERA         Hadron Elektron Ring Anlage, DESY

  HIPPI        high performance parallel interface

  HPC          high performance computing

  HPCC         High Performance Computing and Communications program

  HPCRC        High Performance Computing Research Center

  HR           Human Resources and Administration

  HRC          HEPnet Review Committee

  ICFA-NTF     International Committee on Future Accelerators-Network
               Task Force

  IEEE/NPSS    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Nuclear
               and Plasma Sciences Society

  IETF         Internet Engineering Task Force

  IHEP         Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia

  IHEP         Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China

  INSP         International Nuclear Safety Program

  I/O          input/output

  IP           Internet protocol

  ISMA         Internet Statistics and Measurements Analysis

  ITER         International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor

  JET          Joint Engineering Team

  JINR         Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

  JLab         Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (formerly
               CEBAF)

  kbps         kilo (thousand) bits per second

  KEK          Japanese National Laboratory for High Energy Physics

  LAN          local-area network

  LANL         Los Alamos National Laboratory

  LBNL         Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

  LEP          Large Electron-Positron Collider, CERN

  LHC          Large Hadron Collider, CERN

  LLNL         Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

  Mbone        Multicast backbone

  Mbps         mega (million) bits per second

  MFEnet       Magnetic Fusion Energy Network

  MICS         Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences
               Division

  MIPS         million instructions per second

  MIT          Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  MMC          Materials MicroCharacterization Collaboratory

  MOU          Memorandum of Understanding

  MPP          massively parallel processor

  MSCF         Molecular Science Computing Facility, EMSL

  NABIR        Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research

  NANOG        North American Network Operators Group

  NAS          National Academy of Sciences

  NASA         National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  NCAR         National Center for Atmospheric Research

  NE           Office of Nuclear Energy

  NERSC        National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, LBNL
               (formerly National Energy Research Supercomputer Center
               and NMFECC at LLNL)

  NFS          Network File System

  NGI          Next Generation Internet

  NIH          National Institutes of Health

  NII          National Information Infrastructure

  NIST         National Institute of Standards and Technology

  NMFC         National Magnetic Fusion Collaboratory

  NMFECC       National Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center (now
               NERSC)

  NMR          nuclear magnetic resonance

  NREN         National Research and Education Network

  NSF          National Science Foundation

  NTTP         Numerical Tokamak Turbulence Project

  OBER         Office of Biological and Environmental Research

  OBES         Office of Basic Energy Sciences

  OCTR         Office of Computational and Technology Research

  OFES         Office of Fusion Energy Sciences

  ORNL         Oak Ridge National Laboratory

  PEP-II       Positron-Electron Project II, SLAC

  PNNL         Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

  PPPL         Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

  QoS          quality of service

  REE          Remote Experimental Environment

  RHIC         Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, BNL

  RISC         reduced instruction set computer

  RTG          radioisotope thermoelectric generator

  SBSS         Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship

  SDR          Soviet-designed reactor

  SLAC         Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

  SLC          Stanford Linear Collider

  SNL          Sandia National Laboratories

  SOC          self-organized criticality

  SSC          Superconducting Super Collider

  TCP          transmission control protocol

  TFTR         Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

  vBNS         very high speed Backbone Network Service

  VCS          ESnet Video Conferencing Service

  WAN          wide-area network

  WDC          World Data Centers

  ACPI         Accelerated Climate Prediction Initiative

  AFM          atomic force microscopy

  ALS          Advanced Light Source

  API          application programming interface

  ARIM         ALS-Accelerator and Reactor Improvement Modification

  BaBar        B/B-bar (system of mesons produced at SLAC)

  BCS          Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer

  BEARS        Berkeley Experiments with Accelerated Radioactive Species

  BES          Basic Energy Sciences

  BGO          Bismuth-Germanate

  BIF          Biomedical Isotope Facility

  BNCT         Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

  BNL          Brookhaven National Laboratory

  BOPP         boronated protoporphyrin

  CAC          chromatin assembly complex

  CAF-1        chromatin assembly factor-I

  CAFE         corporate average fuel economy

  CCD          charge-coupled device

  CCSE         Center for Computational Science and Engineering

  CDF          Collider Detector at Fermi Laboratory

  CE           capillary electrophoresis

  CERN         European Organization for Nuclear Research

  CERTS        Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions

  CMB          cosmic microwave background

  CMR          colossal magnetoresistance

  COMPS        cluster of multi-processor systems

  COS          class of service

  DAC          diamond anvil cell

  DM           density matrix

  DPSS         Distributed-Parallel Storage System

  DSWA         Defense Special Weapons Agency

  ECL          electrochemiluminescence

  ECR          electron cyclotron resonance

  EDTA         ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid

  EECS         Electrical Engineering and Computing Sciences (UCB)

  EETD         Environmental Energy Technology Division

  EM           electron microscopy

  EMSA         electrophoretic mobility shift assays

  ER-LTR       DOE Energy Research-Laboratory Technology Research

  ERG          Energy Renormalization Group

  ESQ          electrostatic quadrupole

  EXAFS        extended x-ray absorption fine structure

  FAA          Federal Aviation Administration

  FAME         fatty acid methylester analysis

  FEL          free-electron-laser

  FERC         Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

  FESEM        Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

  FGs          ferrofluids for guiding liquids

  FIB          focused ion beam

  FISH         fluorescence in-situ hybridization

  FRET         fluorescence-resonance-energy transfer

  fs           femtosecond

  FTP          field task proposal or file transfer protocol

  FTs          ferrofluids for tracing liquids

  GIXAS        grazing-incidence x-ray-absorption spectroscopy

  GMR          giant magnetoresistance

  HACA         hydrogen abstraction, acetylene addition

  HENP         High Energy and Nuclear Physics

  HERS         high-energy-resolution spectrometer

  HHMI         Howard Hughes Medical Institute

  HiPPI        high performance parallel interface

  HMM          hidden Markov model

  HPSS         High Performance Storage System

  HTS          high-temperature superconducting

  I/O          input/output

  IC           integrated circuit

  ICPM         Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux

  IND          Investigational New Drug

  INEEL        Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

  IP           interaction point or Internet protocol

  IPCC         Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

  IR           infrared

  ISO          independent system operator

  ISOL         isotope separator on line

  KEK ATF      High Energy Accelerator Research Organization of Japan
               Accelerator Test Facility

  LBNL         Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

  LDA          local density functional

  LDL          low-density lipoproteins

  LEED         low-energy electron diffraction

  LES          large eddy simulation

  LHC          Large Hadron Collider

  l\'OASIS     Laser Optics Accelerator Systems Integrated Studies

  LOH          loss of heterozygosity

  LP           lean premixed

  LSI          latent semantic indexing

  MBE          molecular beam epitaxy

  MCD          magnetic circular dichroism

  MCF          Macromolecular Crystallography Facility

  MEK          methyl ethyl ketone

  MES          molecular environmental science

  MEXH         multi-energy x-ray holography

  MICS         Mathematical, Information, and Computational
               SciencesDivision

  m-XAFS       micro x-ray absorption fine structure

  MIDI         microbial identification system

  MINC         multiple interacting continua

  MPI          message passage interface

  MPP          massively parallel processors

  MRI          magnetic resonance imaging

  MSCD         multiple scattering in cluster diffraction

  MSD          Materials Sciences Division

  MTBE         methyl tertiary butyl ether

  NCAR         National Conference on the Advancement of Research

  NCEM         National Center for Electron Microscopy

  NERSC        National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center

  NGF          nerve growth factor

  NIEHS        National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

  NIH          National Institutes of Health

  NMR          nuclear magnetic resonance

  NOW          network of workstations

  NSAC         Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

  PAI          plasminogen activator inhibitor

  PCM          proximity correlation matrix

  PCR          polymerase chain reaction

  PDE          partial differential equation

  PDSF         Particle Data Storage Facility

  PDT          photodynamic therapy

  PEEM         photoemission electron microscopy

  PEM          proton exchange membrane

  pftp         parallel FTP

  PIA          photoinduced absorption

  PIC          particle in cell

  PL           photoluminescence

  PLD          pulsed laser ablation

  PM           particulate matter

  POC          particulate organic carbon

  QED          quantum electrodynamics

  QSB          quantum suppression of beamstrahlung

  QW           quantum well

  RCSM         regional climate system model

  rf           radio frequency

  RHIC         Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

  RIB          radioactive ion beam

  SAGE         serial analysis of gene expression

  SC           superconducting

  SC/IVR       semiclassical initial value representation

  SCR          silicon-contained rectifier

  SIO          Scripps Institute of Oceanography

  SLAC         Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

  SMOKE        Surface Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect

  SMP          symmetric multiprocessor

  SMS          single-molecule spectroscopy

  SN           supernova

  SOI          silicon on insulator

  SPAI         sparse approximate inverse

  spFRET       single-pair FRET

  SQUID        Superconducting Quantum Interference Device

  SR           synchrotron radiation

  SRRTNet      Synchrotron Radiation Research Theory Network

  SSC          Superconducting Super Collider

  SSI          Strategic Simulation Initiative

  StAF         Standard Analysis Framework

  STM          scanning tunneling microscope or microscopy

  SVX          silicon vertex detector

  TAN          Test Area North

  TBA          two-beam accelerator

  TCP          Transmission Control Protocol

  TGF          transforming growth factor

  UC           University of California

  USAID        United States Agency for International Development

  UV           ultraviolet

  UZ           unsaturated zone

  V-I          volt-amp

  VIA          virtual interface architecture

  VUV          vacuum ultraviolet

  WFO          work for others (LBNL)

  WHOI         Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

  XAFS         x-ray absorption fine structure

  XANES        x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy

  XAS          x-ray absorption spectroscopy

  XES          x-ray emission spectroscopy

  XFH          x-ray fluorescence holography

  XMCD         x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

  XPS          x-ray photoelectron energy spectrum

  XRD          x-ray diffraction

  XRFM         x-ray fluorescence microprobe

  AEDE         Annual Effective Dose Equivalent

  ALARA        As Low As Reasonably Achievable

  ALS          Advanced Light Source

  ANSI         American National Standards Institute

  ASPCP        Accidental Spill Prevention and Containment Plan

  AST          Aboveground Storage Tank

  BAAQMD       Bay Area Air Quality Management District

  Bq           Becquerel

  BTEX         Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene

  ° C          degrees Celsius

  CAA          Clean Air Act

  Cal/EPA      California Environmental Protection Agency

  CCR          California Code of Regulations

  CEDE         Collective Effective Dose Equivalent

  CEQA         California Environmental Quality Act

  CERCLA       Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
               Liability Act

  CFR          Code of Federal Regulations

  Ci           Curie

  cm           centimeter

  COB          City of Berkeley

  CWA          Clean Water Act

  CY           Calendar Year

  DHS          Department of Health Services

  DOE          U.S. Department of Energy

  DOE/BSO      U.S. Department of Energy/Berkeley Site Office

  DOE/OAK      U.S. Department of Energy/Oakland Operations Office

  DOT          U.S. Department of Transportation

  DTSC         Department of Toxic Substances Control

  EBMUD        East Bay Municipal Utility District

  EDE          Effective Dose Equivalent

  EH&S         Environment, Health, and Safety

  EM           Environmental Management

  EMP          Environmental Monitoring Plan

  EMS          Environmental Monitoring Station

  EPCRA        Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act

  EPG          Environmental Protection Group

  ERP          Environmental Restoration Program

  ERWM         Environmental Restoration and Waste Management

  ES&H         Environment, Safety, and Health

  ° F          degrees Fahrenheit

  FIFRA        Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

  ft           foot or feet

  FTU          Fixed Treatment Unit

  FY           Fiscal Year

  gpm          gallons per minute

  gsf          gross square feet

  gsm          gross square meters

  HEPA         High Efficiency Particulate Air

  HGL          Human Genome Laboratory

  HT           Tritium Gas

  HTO          Tritium Oxide (Tritiated Water)

  HWHF         Hazardous Waste Handling Facility

  in           inch

  kg           kilogram

  km           kilometer

  L            Liter

  LANL         Los Alamos National Laboratory

  LBNL         Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

  LLNL         Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

  m            meter

  MCL          Maximum Contamination Limit

  MDA          Minimum Detectable Activity

  mg           milligram

  Mgsf         Million gross square feet

  MEI          Maximally Exposed Individual

  ml           milliliter

  mrem         millirem

  MSDS         Material Safety Data Sheet

  mSv          millisievert

  MTBE         Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether

  MW           Mixed Waste

  ND           non-detectable

  NERSC        National Energy Research Scientific Computer Center

  NESHAPs      National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

  NOV          Notice of Violation

  NRC          Nuclear Regulatory Commission

  NPDES        National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

  NTLF         National Tritium Labeling Facility

  OAP          Operating and Assurance Program

  ODS          Ozone-Depleting Substance

  pCi          picocurie (one billionth of a curie)

  PCB          Polychlorinated Biphenyl

  PCE          Perchloroethylene

  PM           Performance Measure

  POTW         Publicly Owned Treatment Works

  ppbv         parts per billion by volume

  ppm          parts per million

  QA           Quality Assurance

  QAPP         Quality Assurance Project Plan

  QC           Quality Control

  RAML         Radiation and Analytical Measurements Laboratory

  RCRA         Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

  RFI          RCRA Facility Investigation

  RMPP         Risk Management and Prevention Plan

  RWQCB        Regional Water Quality Control Board

  SAA          Satellite Accumulation Area

  SARA         Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

  SDWA         Safe Drinking Water Act

  SI           Systéme Internationale or International System of Units
               (the metric system)

  SOP          Standard Operating Procedure

  STP          Site Treatment Plan

  Sv           Sievert

  SWMP         Storm Water Monitoring Program

  SWPPP        Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan

  SWRCB        State Water Resources Control Board

  TBq          Terabecquerel (one trillionth of a Becquerel)

  TCE          Trichloroethylene

  TDS          Total Dissolved Solids

  TICH         Total Identifiable Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

  TLD          Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

  TOC          Total Organic Carbon

  TOMP         Toxic Organic Management Plan

  TPH          Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

  TPH-D        Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Diesel

  TPH-G        Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Gasoline

  TRI          Toxic Release Inventory

  TSCA         Toxic Substance Control Act

  TTO          Total Toxic Organics

  UC           University of California

  UCB          University of California at Berkeley

  UCOP         University of California Office of the President

  mCi          microcurie

  mg           microgram

  UHVCF        Ultra-High Vacuum Cleaning Facility

  URL          Uniform Resource Locator

  US/EPA       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

  UST          Underground Storage Tank

  UV           Ultraviolet

  VOC          Volatile Organic Compound

  WAA          Waste Accumulation Area

  WMG          Waste Management Group
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