SECTION 32 9219

SEEDING

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[LANL MASTER SPECIFICATION]{.underline}

This template must be edited for each project.  In doing so, specifier
must add job-specific requirements.  Brackets are used in the text to
indicate designer choices or locations where text must be supplied by
the designer.  Once the choice is made or text supplied, remove the
brackets.  The specifications must also be edited to delete
specification requirements for processes, items, or designs that are not
included in the project \-- and specifier's notes such as these.  To
seek a variance from requirements in the specifications that are
applicable, contact the Engineering Standards Manual
[Civil](http://engstandards.lanl.gov/engrman/3civ/htmls/civilnew2.htm) /
[Architectural](http://engstandards.lanl.gov/engrman/4arch/htmls/archnew2.htm)
POC. Please contact POC with suggestions for improvement as well.\
\
When assembling a specification package, include applicable
specifications from all Divisions, especially Division 1, General
requirements.\
\
Specification developed for ML-4 projects.  For ML-1, 2, and 3
applications, additional requirements and independent reviews should be
added if increased confidence in procurement or execution is desired;
see ESM Chapter 1 Section Z10 Specifications and Quality sections.

This specification is to be used for the establishment or
reestablishment of vegetation. See ESM Civil Chapter 3, Section G2050,
Landscaping and ESM Architectural Chapter 4, Section B-C_GEN, G2050 for
additional guidance.

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1.  GENERAL

    1.  SECTION INCLUDES

        A.  Preparation of seedbed.

        B.  Seeding.

        C.  Mulching and erosion control blankets.

        D.  Watering and maintenance.

    2.  RELATED SECTIONS

        A.  Section 01 5705, Temporary Controls and Compliance
            Requirements

        B.  Section 31 2000, Earth Moving

    3.  SUBMITTALS

        A.  Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 3300,
            Submittal Procedures:

            1.  Catalog data, including sources of supply for
                amendments, mulch, tackifier, fertilizer and erosion
                control blankets.

            2.  Certification substantiating that material complies with
                specified requirements. Submit certified seed bag tags
                and copies of seed invoices identified by project name.

            3.  Installation instructions, including proposed seeding
                schedule. Coordinate with specified maintenance periods
                to provide maintenance from date of final acceptance.
                Once schedule is accepted, revise dates only with LANL
                approval after documentation of delays.

    4.  QUALITY ASSURANCE

        A.  Subcontractor Qualifications:

            1.  Perform work by a single firm experienced with the type
                and scale of work required and having equipment and
                personnel adequate to perform the work satisfactorily.

        B.  Material Quality Control:

            1.  Provide seed mixture in containers sealed and labeled by
                seed dealer. Container label shall show origin of seed
                and pure live seed (PLS) content, species and
                percentages in seed mix; lot number; test information
                including, purity, germination, percentage seed crop,
                percentage inert, percentage noxious/restricted weeds;
                net weight; test date; date of packaging; and location
                of packaging. The seed dealer may premix the seed,
                documentation shall be provided the same as if the seeds
                were sold or bagged separately. Seed analysis shall be
                no older than five months for seed shipped interstate,
                and no older than nine months for seed shipped
                intrastate.

            2.  Furnish seed labeled in accordance with the requirements
                of federal seed laws and New Mexico Department of
                Agriculture seed labeling laws. Such resulting
                requirements include but are not necessarily limited to:
                Federal Seed Act and Amendments, rules and regulations
                established by the United States Department of
                Agriculture; the New Mexico Seed Law; and all resulting
                regulations or restrictions established by New Mexico
                State University or other authorized entity.

            3.  In addition, ensure seed mix and its application
                complies with the requirements of all other federal and
                New Mexico statutes and regulations governing seeds,
                plants, and weeds. These requirements include but are
                not necessarily limited to: the Noxious Weed Control Act
                and all rules, regulations, or control measures by a
                noxious weed control district embracing Los Alamos
                County, New Mexico; and the Harmful Plant Act.

    5.  DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

        A.  Deliver packaged materials in original sealed and labeled
            containers from seed dealer. Protect materials from
            deterioration during delivery and while stored at site.
            Opened or wet seed shall be rejected and returned to the
            responsible party.

        B.  Temperature of the seed in storage shall not exceed the
            supplier's recommended maximum temperature.

2.  PRODUCTS

    1.  product options and substitutionS

        A.  Comply with Section 01 2500, Substitution Procedures.

    2.  SEED

        A.  Obtain native grass seed from sources whose origin would
            ensure site adaptability at LANL. Plant sources from New
            Mexico or surrounding states are preferred.

        B.  Obtain shrub and wildflower seed from sources whose origin
            would ensure site adaptability at LANL. Plant sources from
            New Mexico or surrounding states are preferred.

        C.  Cover crops (e.g., annual barley, oats, winter rye, etc.)
            may be used only as a temporary stabilization measure and
            shall not be used in conjunction with a perennial seed mix
            or for final stabilization.

        D.  Only sterile, non-invasive annual species such as Quickguard
            sterile triticale hybrid or Regreen shall be used with a
            perennial seed mix. A minimum 7 lbs per acre to a maximum 10
            lbs per acre shall be applied with the perennial mix. This
            shall be done when a quick growth establishment is
            necessary.

> E. **Develop seed mixture from the following guidelines. Choose a
> minimum of 5 grass species from the list. Should wildflowers be
> included in the mix, use a ratio of 80 -- 90 percent grasses and 10-
> 20 percent wildflowers. Choose 3 --5 species from the forb and
> wildflowers list. These species are applicable for both undeveloped
> and urban-interface areas. All seeding operations must include
> fertilizer. The seed dealer may premix the seed.**

1.  Pre-mixed Sources:

    a.  Plants of the Southwest, "Dryland Blend"

    b.  Granite Seed, "CGRP Mix"

    c.  Curtis & Curtis Inc, "Homesteaders Choice Mix" or "Santa Fe
        Trail Mix"

> NATIVE PERENNIAL MIX

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Common Name**                **Scientific Name**          **% of
                                                              Mix**
  ------------------------------ ---------------------------- -----------
  **Grasses**                                                 

  Blue grama\*                   *Bouteloua gracilis*         5 -- 10%

  Galleta grass\*                *Hilaria jamesii*            5- 10%

  Mutton grass                   *Poa fendleriana*            10-15%

  Sideoats grama\*               *Bouteloua curtipendula*     10-15%

  Arizona fescue^†^              *Festuca arizonica*          10 -- 15%

  Prairie junegrass^†^           *Koeleria macrantha*         5 -- 10%

  Bottlebrush squirreltail\*     *Elymus elymoides*           15 -- 20%

  Little bluestem^†^             *Schizachyrium scoparium*    10 -- 15%

  Indian ricegrass\*             *Oryzopsis hymenoides*       10 -- 15%

  Mountain brome^†^              *Bormus marginatus*          10 -- 15%

  Sand dropseed\*                *Sporobolus cryptandrus*     1 - 8%

  Thickspike wheatgrass          *Agropyron dasystachyum*     20 -- 25%

  Needle and Thread grass\*      *Stipa comata*               5 -- 10%

  New Mexico needlegrass\*       *Stipa neomexicana*          10 - 15%

  Sheep fescue                   *Festuca ovina*              10 -- 15%

  Smooth Brome                   *Bromus inermis*             15 -- 20%

  Stream Bank Wheatgrass         *Elymus lanceolatus ssp.     20 -- 25%
                                 psammophilus*                

  **Forbs/ Wildflowers**                                      

  Firewheel                      *Gaillardia pulchella*       2%

  Evening primrose               *Oenothera caespitosa*       1%

  Gooseberry leaf Globemallow    *Sphaeralcea                 1.5%
                                 grossulariafolia*            

  Scarlet gilia                  *Ipomopsis aggregata*        1%

  Plains aster                   *Aster biglovii*             1%

  Western yarrow                 *Achillea millifolium*       ½%

  Fringed sage                   *Artemisia frigida*          1%

  Blue flax                      *Linum perenne lewisii*      4%

  Scarlet bulgler                *Penstemon barbatus*         2%

  Palmer penstemon               *Penstemon palmerii*         2%

  Prairie coneflower             *Ratibida columnifera*       1%

  Showy golden-eye               *Heliomerus multiflora*      1%

  Purple geranium                *Geranium caespitosum*       5%
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**\*Species particularly suited for especially dry sites**

^†^**Species particularly suited for higher elevations (above 7000
ft.)**

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Choose one or more appropriate mulching methods to use in conjunction
with seeding. Indicate where each stabilization method is to be used on
the construction drawings. Delete methods not used from Specifications.

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1.  STRAW MULCH

    A.  Straw shall be stalks from oats, wheat, rye, barley, or rice
        that are free from noxious weeds, mold, or other objectionable
        material. At least 65 percent of the herbage by weight of each
        bale of straw shall be 10 inches in length or longer. Rotted,
        brittle or molded straw is not acceptable. Straw from introduced
        grasses is acceptable if cut prior to seed formation.

2.  HYDRAULIC MULCH/TACKIFIER

    A.  Provide mulch material consisting of 100 percent virgin wood
        fibers manufactured expressly from whole wood chips, such as
        Eco-Fibre, Conwed, etc. Process chips in such a manner as to
        contain no growth or germination inhibiting factors. Do not
        produce fiber from recycled material such as sawdust, paper,
        cardboard, or residue from pulp and paper plants. Provide
        materials free from contaminants such as lead paint, varnish or
        other metal contaminants. Hydraulic mulch shall contain
        non-toxic dye to assist in visually determing even distribution.
        Mulch material shall meet the following specifications:

# **[Parameter]{.underline} [Value]{.underline}**

> pH at 3% consistency 4.5 +/- 0.5
>
> Ash content 0.8% +/- 0.2%
>
> Moisture holding capacity 1250 (grams water/100 grams oven dry fiber)
>
> Moisture content 12% +/- 3% (Wet weight basis)

B.  Combine mulch with an organic plantago based tackifier, such as
    M-binder, etc., that has no growth or germination inhibiting factors
    and is nontoxic. Apply the uniform mixture to the seeded area.

C.  Bagged mulch/tackifier mix that is homogenous within the unit
    package may also be used. Tackifier shall adhere to the fibers
    during manufacturing to prevent separation during shipment and to
    avoid chemical agglomeration during mixing in the hydraulic mulching
    equipment.

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3.  BONDED FIBER MATRIX

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A.  Provide Bonded Fiber Matrix (BFM) composed of natural color, long
    strand wood fiber, produced by therm-mechanical defribration of wood
    chips and joined together by a high strength non-toxic adhesive,
    such as Eco-Ageis, etc. The product shall be composed of 90 percent
    wood fiber, 9 percent blended hydrocolloid-based binder, and 1
    percent mineral activators, all by total weight. The BFM shall be
    100 percent biodegradable and non-toxic to fish and wildlife, and it
    shall not contain any synthetic fibers.

    1.  Flexible Growth and Flexible control Mediums

        A.  Provide Flexible Growth Medium (FGM) such as
            Flexterra**™**/CocoFlex ET**™** or a Flexible Control Medium
            (FCM) such as EcoFlex**™** composed of longstrand, thermally
            processed wood fibers, crimped, interlocking fibers and
            performance enhancing additives. The FGM or FCM requires no
            curing period and upon application forms an intimate bond
            with the soil surface to create a continuous, porous,
            absorbent and flexible erosion resistant blanket that allows
            for rapid germination and accelerated plant growth.

        B.  The FGM or **FCM™** shall be hydraulically applied to the
            soil as a viscous mixture, creating a continuous
            three-dimensional blanket that adheres to the soil surface.
            Upon drying, the matrix shall form a high-strength, porous
            and erosion-resistant mat that shall not inhibit the
            germination and growth of plants in and beneath the layer.
            The matrix shall retain its form despite re-wetting. The
            **FCM™** shall be 100% biodegradable over time, non-toxic to
            fish and wildlife, and it shall not contain any
            non-photo-degradable synthetic fibers.

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    7.  ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS

        A.  For all non-channel applications provide the following:

            1.  Slopes less than 2:1:

  --------------------- -------------------------------------------------
  Straw/ coir blend     A machine produced straw /coir fiber erosion
  blankets              control blanket using 70 percent straw /30
                        percent coir fibers sewn into a heavy weight
                        photo degradable top net and a medium weight
                        photo degradable bottom net. Minimum weight of
                        blanket 0.7 lbs/square yard, such as Greenfix
                        America CFS072R, etc.

  --------------------- -------------------------------------------------

2.  Slopes 2:1 and greater:

  --------------------- -------------------------------------------------
  Permanent turf        A machine-produced mat of 100% UV stable
  reinforcement mat     polypropylene fiber. The matting shall be of
                        consistent thickness with synthetic fibers evenly
                        distributed over the entire area of the mat. The
                        matting shall be covered on the top with black
                        heavyweight UV stabilized polypropylene netting
                        having ultraviolet additives to prevent breakdown
                        and an approximate 0.50 x 0.50 inch (1.27 x 1.27
                        cm) mesh size. The bottom net shall also be UV
                        stabilized polypropylene, with a 0.625 x 0.625
                        inch (1.57 x 1.57 cm) mesh size. The matting
                        shall be sewn together on 1.50 inch (3.81 cm)
                        centers with UV stabilized polypropylene thread,
                        such as North American Green P300

  --------------------- -------------------------------------------------

B.  For all channel applications provide the following:

    1.  For channels subject to flow producing an unvegetated shear
        stress of 3 lbs/ft^2^ or less and a vegetated shear stress of 8
        lbs/ft^2^ or less:

+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Permanent          | A machine-produced composite turf reinforcement |
| composite turf     | mat comprised of a 100% UV stabilized           |
| reinforcement mat  | polypropylene fiber matrix incorporated into a  |
| (C-TRM)            | permanent three-dimensional turf reinforcement  |
|                    | matting. The matting shall be of consistent     |
|                    | thickness with synthetic fibers evenly          |
|                    | distributed over the entire area of the mat.    |
|                    | The matting shall be covered on the top with    |
|                    | black heavyweight UV stabilized polypropylene   |
|                    | netting having ultraviolet additives to prevent |
|                    | breakdown and an approximate 0.50 x 0.50 inch   |
|                    | (1.27 x 1.27 cm) mesh size                      |
|                    |                                                 |
|                    | The bottom net shall also be UV stabilized      |
|                    | polypropylene, with a 0.625 x 0.625 inch (1.57  |
|                    | x 1.57 cm) mesh size. The matting shall be sewn |
|                    | together on 1.50 inch (3.81 cm) centers with UV |
|                    | stabilized polypropylene thread. to form a      |
|                    | permanent three-dimensional turf reinforcement  |
|                    | matting, such as North American Green P300.     |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------------------+

2.  For channels subject to flow producing an unvegetated shear stress
    of 4 lbs/ft^2^ or greater and a vegetated shear stress of 12
    lbs/ft^2^ or less:

  --------------------- -------------------------------------------------
  Permanent composite   A machine-produced composite turf reinforcement
  turf reinforcement    mat comprised of a 100% coconut fiber matrix or a
  mat (C-TRM)           100% polypropylene fiber matrix incorporated into
                        permanent three-dimensional turf reinforcement
                        matting. The matrix shall be evenly distributed
                        across the entire width of the matting and stitch
                        bonded between a super heavy duty UV stabilized
                        bottom net with 0.50 x 0.50 inch (1.27 x 1.27 cm)
                        openings, an ultra-heavy duty UV stabilized,
                        dramatically corrugated (crimped) intermediate
                        netting with 0.50 x 0.50 inch (1.27 x 1.27 cm)
                        openings, and covered by a super heavy duty UV
                        stabilized top net with 0.50 x 0.50 inch (1.27 x
                        1.27 cm) openings. The corrugated netting shall
                        form prominent closely spaced ridges across the
                        entire width of the mat. The three nettings shall
                        be stitched together on 1.50 inch (3.81 cm)
                        centers with UV stabilized polypropylene thread
                        to form a permanent three dimensional turf
                        reinforcement matting, such as North American
                        Green C350 or P550.

  --------------------- -------------------------------------------------

C.  Staples: U‑shaped, 11 gauge or heavier steel wire, minimum leg
    length of 6 inches after bending, with a throat approximately 2
    inches wide.

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8.  AMENDMENTS / SOIL ADDITIONS

    A.  Fertilizer: Apply slow-release organic fertilizers such as
        Biosol Mix, Biosol, Gro-Power, Osmocote, or approved equal to
        minimize deficiencies of the topsoil. Micronizing fertilizer is
        acceptable for use in the spring and summer months. All seeding
        operations must include fertilizer.

    B.  Water: Clean, fresh, and free of substances or matter that could
        inhibit vigorous growth.

    C.  Sand: Clean, washed, and free of toxic materials.

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3.  EXECUTION

    1.  PrepaRATION

        A.  Preparation of the Seedbed:

            1.  Prepare seedbed to a maximum depth of 4 inches by
                tilling with a disc, harrow or chiseling tool. Uproot
                all competitive vegetation during seedbed preparation
                and work soil uniformly, leaving surface rough to reduce
                surface erosion and to retain water runoff. Remove large
                clods and stones, or other foreign material that would
                interfere with seeding equipment and erosion control
                blankets.

            2.  Perform tillage across slope and along the contour
                adequately break up soil. Do not till up and down
                slopes, as this will create excessive surface erosion
                problems.

            3.  Do not do work when moisture content of soil is
                unfavorable or ground is otherwise in a non‑tillable
                condition.

            4.  To minimize dust problems for adjoining areas, when wind
                speeds are over 10 mph, dust control measures shall be
                implemented.

            5.  The extent of seedbed preparation shall not exceed the
                area on which the entire seeding operation can be
                accomplished within a one week period.

        B.  Soil Amendments/Additions: Uniformly apply slow release
            organic fertilizer to prepared seedbed in accordance with
            manufacturer recommended rates.

        C.  Prepare seedbed again if prior to seeding rain or some other
            factor has affected the prepared surfaces and will prevent
            seeding to the proper depth.

        D.  If cover crop has been established in area to be seeded, mow
            cover crop early in growing season before cover crop is
            ready to drop seeds.

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    1.  APPLICATION OF SEED

        A.  General:

            1.  Avoid seeding between October 1 and April 15. Provide
                for temporary soil stabilization measures between these
                dates. Do not seed during windy weather, or when topsoil
                is dry, saturated or frozen.

            2.  Equip seed boxes used for drill and broadcast seeding
                with an agitator.

            3.  To prevent stratification of seed mix, do not run seed
                box agitators while seeding is not being performed.

            4.  If seed mix is transported to site in a seed box or
                other equipment that subjects mix to shaking or similar
                movement that has the potential to cause stratification,
                remix seed prior to application.

            5.  Seeding equipment shall be calibrated as appropriate to
                distribute seed at the specified rates.

            6.  Unless otherwise shown on Drawings, seed areas disturbed
                by or denuded by construction operations or erosion.

            7.  Use markers to ensure that no gaps will exist between
                passes of seeding equipment.

            8.  If cover crop has been established, mow the crop and
                drill seed perennial seed mix into the crop stubble.

        B.  Drill Seeding:

> When drill seeding, plant seed mix at a rate of 30 - 35 PLS lbs/acre.
> Uniformly apply prescribed mix over area to be seeded as follows:

1.  Accomplish seeding operations, where practical, by drilling in a
    direction across slope and along the contour.

2.  Plant seeds approximately 1/4 inch deep.

3.  Do not exceed 4 inches distance between drilled furrows. If furrow
    openers on drill exceed 4 inches, drill area twice to obtain a
    4-inch distance between furrows.

4.  Seed with grass wheels, rate control attachments, seed boxes with
    agitators, and separate boxes for small seed.

5.  Once seed is applied, apply full complement of mulch. This shall
    allow seed to be in good contact with soil surface and not suspended
    in mulch matrix.

6.  Prohibit vehicles from traveling over the seeded areas.

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C.  Broadcast Seeding:

> When broadcast seeding, plant seed mix at a rate of 32 - 37 PLS
> lbs/acre.

1.  Where it is not practical to accomplish seeding by drilling,
    mechanically broadcast seed by use of a hydraulic mulch slurry
    blower, rotary spreader, or a seeder box with a gear feed mechanism.
    If seeding is done with a slurry blower, use highest pressure and
    smallest nozzle opening that will accommodate the seed.

2.  Immediately following seeding operation, thoroughly rake seedbed to
    provide approximately 1/4 inch of soil cover over of the seed.

3.  If hydraulically applying mulch as part of the broadcast seeding
    process, use a 2-step process. Apply seed with a tracer. Once seed
    is applied, apply full complement of mulch. This shall allow seed to
    be in good contact with soil surface and not suspended in mulch
    matrix.

4.  Prohibit vehicles from traveling over the seeded areas.

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2.  STRAW MULCH: Slopes Flatter than 3:1, Non‑Irrigated Projects

    A.  Apply straw mulch at a minimum rate of 1.5 tons per acre of
        air-dry material. Spread straw mulch uniformly over area either
        by hand or with a mechanical mulch spreader to achieve 80
        percent ground cover. When spread by hand, tear bales of straw
        apart and fluff before spreading. Depth of applied straw mulch
        shall not exceed 3 inches. Do not mulch when wind velocity
        exceeds 10 mph.

    B.  Wherever use of crimping equipment is practical, place mulch in
        manner noted above and anchor it into the soil to a minimum
        depth of 2 inches. Use a crimper or heavy disc such as a mulch
        tiller, with flat serrated discs at least 1/4 inch in thickness,
        having dull edges, and spaced no more than 9 inches apart.
        Provide discs of sufficient diameter to prevent frame of
        equipment from dragging the mulch. Where practical, perform
        crimping in 2 (opposite) directions. Do not use Sheep's Foot
        Rollers, heavy equipment tracks, and standard disc cultivators
        for crimping.

    C.  If straw mulched areas cannot be anchored by crimping, use
        hydraulic mulch wood fibers with tackifier. Mix slurry in a tank
        with an agitation system and spray under pressure uniformly over
        the soil surface. Keep all materials in uniform suspension
        throughout the mixing and suspension cycle when using hydraulic
        mulching equipment. Mix 100 lb. of wood fiber with a minimum 150
        lbs. to 200 lbs of tackifier to anchor straw mulch. Apply
        mixture at a rate of 250 - 300 lbs/acre.

    D.  Use both horizontal and vertical movements in the applicator to
        achieve an even application of the slurry material.

3.  HYDRAULIC MULCHING/TACKIFIER: Slopes Flatter than 2:1, Irrigated
    Projects

    A.  Mix slurry in a tank with an agitation system and spray, under
        pressure, uniformly over soil surface. Apply mulch evenly across
        landscape at a rate of 2000 lbs/ acre.

    B.  Use both horizontal and vertical movements in applicator to
        achieve an even application of slurry material. Keep all
        materials in uniform suspension throughout mixing and suspension
        cycle when using hydraulic mulching equipment.

    C.  When using plantago based tackifier as mulch, apply tackifier at
        a rate of 150 lbs/acre.

    D.  Prohibit foot/vehicle traffic from hydraulically mulched areas.

4.  BONDED FIBER MATRIX (BFM): Slopes 2:1 and Steeper, Irrigated and
    Non-Irrigated Projects

    A.  Hydraulically apply BFM over seeded area (or apply seed with a
        tracer amount, 200-300 lbs/ acre) in accordance with
        manufacturer's specified procedures. Hydraulically apply BFM as
        a viscous mixture to form a continuous, porous and erosion
        resistant mat. Upon drying, matrix shall not inhibit germination
        and growth of plants in and beneath the layer. Matrix shall
        retain its form despite re-wetting.

    B.  Apply matrix uniformly across area and apply in multiple
        directions to ensure a 100 percent soil surface coverage.

    C.  Apply at a rate of approximately 3,500-lbs/ acre in a manner
        that achieves uniform coverage of all exposed soils.

    D.  Prohibit vehicle traffic on hydraulic BFM applications.

5.  Flexible Growth Medium (FGM) and Flexible Control Medium (FCM):
    slopes 3:1 and steeper, Irrigated and non-irrigated projects

    A.  For maximum performance, apply FGM or FCM in a two-step process:

        1.  Step One: Mix and apply seed and soil amendments with small
            amount of FGM for visual metering.

        2.  Step Two: Mix and apply FGM at a rate of 50 lb per 125
            gallons (23 kg/475 liters) of water over freshly seeded
            surfaces. Confirm loading rates with equipment manufacturer.
            Do not leave seeded surfaces unprotected, especially if
            precipitation is imminent.

    B.  Mixing:

> A mechanically agitated hydraulic-application machine is recommended:

1.  Fill tank to middle of agitator shaft or tank about 1/3 full of
    water. Turn on pump to wet or purge lines. Begin agitating. Keep
    adding water slowly while adding the FGM at a steady rate.

2.  Consult application and loading charts to determine number of bags
    to be added. Mix at a rate of 50 lbs of FGM per 125 gallons
    (23kg/475 liters). Contact equipment manufacturer to confirm optimum
    FGM mixing rates.

3.  All FGM should be loaded when the tank is approximately 3/4 full.

4.  Fertilizer should be added once the tank is nearly full.

5.  Before applying, mix the slurry for at least 10 minutes after adding
    the last amount of FGM. This is very important to fully activate the
    bonding additives and to attain proper viscosity.

6.  Turn off re-circulation valve to minimize potential for air
    entrainment within the slurry.

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C.  Application:

> Use a fan-type nozzle (50-degree tip) whenever possible for best soil
> surface coverage. Apply FGM from opposing directions to soil surface,
> reducing the "shadow effect" and assuring a minimum of 95% of soil
> surface coverage. Slope interruption devices or water diversion
> techniques are recommended when slope lengths exceed 100 feet (30 m).
> Install materials at the following minimum application rates:
>
> **CONDITION ENGLISH SI**
>
> ≤ 3H to 1V \...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... 3000
> lb/ac\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\..... 3400 kg/ha
>
> \>3H to 1V and ≤ 2H to 1V \...\.... 3500 lb/ac
> \...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... 3900 kg/ha
>
> \>2H to 1V and ≤ 1H to 1V \...\.... 4000 lb/ac
> \...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... 4500 kg/ha
>
> \>1H to 1V \...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\... 4500 lb/ac
> \...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... 5100 kg/ha
>
> Below ECB or TRM \...\...\...\...\..... 1500 lb/ac
> \...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... 1700 kg/ha
>
> As infill for TRM \...\...\...\...\...\...\.... 3500 lb/ac
> \...\...\...\...\...\...\...\...\.... 3900 kg/ha
>
> Material should not be applied in channels, swales or other areas
> where concentrated flows are anticipated, unless installed in
> conjunction with a temporary erosion control blanket or non-degradable
> turf reinforcement mat. After application, thoroughly flush the tank,
> pumps and hoses to remove all FGM material. Wash all material from the
> exterior of the machine and remove any slurry spills. FGM will be more
> difficult to remove once it dries.

6.  EROSION CONTROL BLANKET: Slopes 2:1 and Flatter, Irrigated and
    Non‑Irrigated Projects

    A.  Place blankets over native grass seeding immediately following
        the raking/chaining operation.

    B.  When using single netted products for 3:1 or flatter slopes,
        place blanket with netting on top and the wood/ straw fibers in
        contact with soil over entire seeded area.

    C.  For slope installations, the following guidelines shall be used:

> Upslope Anchor -- utilize one of the methods detailed below for
> initial anchoring of Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECP):

1.  Staples: Install the RECP 3 ft. (900 mm) beyond the shoulder of the
    slope onto flat final grade. Secure roll end with a single row of
    stakes/staples on 1 ft. (300-mm) centers.

2.  Anchor trench: Excavate a 6 in. by 6 in. (150 mm by 150 mm) anchor
    trench. Extend the upslope terminal end of the RECP 3 ft. (900 mm)
    past the anchor trench. Use stakes or staples to fasten the product
    into the bottom of the anchor trench on 1 ft. (300 mm) centers.
    Backfill the trench and compact the soil into the anchor trench.

3.  Unroll blanket downslope in direction of water flow.

4.  Overlap edges of adjacent parallel rolls 2 to 4 inches and staple
    every 3 feet.

5.  When blankets are spliced, place blankets end over end (shingle
    style) with 6-inch overlap. Staple through overlapped area,
    approximately 12 inches apart.

6.  Lay blankets loosely and maintain direct contact with soil. Do not
    place over protruding objects; rocks, grass, etc.

7.  Wire staple blankets sufficiently to anchor blanket and maintain
    blanket contact with soil per manufacturer's instructions.

> Seams -- utilize one of the methods detailed below for seaming of
> RECP:

1.  Adjacent seams: Overlap edges of adjacent RECP by 2 to 4 in. (50 to
    100 mm) or by abutting products as defined by manufacturer. Use a
    sufficient number of stakes or staples to prevent seam or abutted
    rolls from separating.

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8.  Consecutive rolls: Shingle and overlap consecutive rolls 2 to 6 in.
    (50 to 150 mm) in the direction of flow. Secure staples through seam
    at 1 ft. (300 mm) intervals.

9.  Check seam. Construct a stake/staple check seam along the top edge
    of RECP for slope application and at specified intervals in a
    channel by installing two staggered rows of stakes/staples 4 in.
    (100 mm) apart on 4 in. (100 mm) centers.

10. Slope interruption check slot: Excavate a trench measuring 6 in.
    wide by 6 in. deep (150 x 150 mm). Secure product to the bottom of
    the trench. Fold product over upslope material and fill and compact
    the trench on the downslope side of check slot and seed fill.
    Continue rolling material downslope over trench.

> Terminal Ends -- utilize one of the methods detailed below for all
> terminal ends of RECPs:

1.  Staples: Install the RECP 3 ft. (900 mm) beyond the end of the
    channel and secure end with a single row of stakes/staples on 1 ft.
    (300-mm) centers. Stakes/staples for securing RECP to the soil is
    typically 6 in. (150 mm) long.

2.  Anchor trench: Excavate a 6 in. by 6 in. (150 mm by 150 mm) anchor
    trench.\
    Extend the terminal end of the RECP 3 ft. (900 mm) past the anchor
    trench. Use stakes or staples to fasten the product into the bottom
    of the anchor trench on 1 ft. (300 mm) centers. Backfill the trench
    and compact the soil into the anchor trench. Apply seed and any
    necessary soil amendments to the compacted soil and cover with
    remaining 1 ft. (300 mm) terminal end of the RECP. Secure terminal
    end of RECP with a single row of stakes or staples on 1 ft. (300 mm)
    centers.

    A.  Check slot: Construct a stake/staple check slot along the
        terminal end of the RECP by installing two rows of staggered
        stakes/staples 4 in. (100 mm) apart on 4 in. (100 mm) centers.

    B.  Do not use blankets on undisturbed, natural tuff slopes. Use
        hydraulic mulching on tuff slopes.

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    1.  WATERING

        A.  Where temporary watering is required for seeded areas,
            provide temporary water system which may be a sprinkler
            system, or a water truck with a spray boom or any other
            method satisfactory to distribute a uniform coverage of
            clean water (free of oil, acid, salt or other substances
            harmful to plants) to previously seeded and mulched areas.

        B.  If a temporary sprinkler system is used, keep all pipe
            connections tight to avoid leakage and loss of water, and to
            prevent washing or erosion of growing areas. Maintain
            sprinklers in proper working order during watering.

        C.  Do not drive trucks with spray systems on seeded areas and
            ensure water force does not cause movement of mulch or seed
            on the ground.

    2.  MAINTENANCE

        A.  Begin maintenance immediately after planting. Keep
            re-vegetated areas free of noxious weeds.

        B.  Maintain seeded areas for not less than 60 days after final
            acceptance of work and longer as required to achieve final
            stabilization as described in Section 3.11 ACCEPTANCE.

        C.  Reseed void areas greater than 6 square feet or repetitive
            voids greater than 2 square feet amounting to more than 10
            percent of any area that appears the growing season
            following installation.

    3.  CLEANUP AND PROTECTION

        A.  After completion of work, clear site of excess soil, waste
            material, debris and objects that may hinder maintenance and
            detract from neat appearance of site.

        B.  Protect seeded areas, work and materials from damage due to
            vehicles, pedestrians, and operations by other
            subcontractors. Maintain protection during installation and
            maintenance periods. Treat, repair or replace damaged work
            as directed.

        C.  Upon completion of all seeding operations, clean the portion
            of the project site used for storing materials and equipment
            of all debris. Remove all superfluous materials and
            equipment from the project site. Sweep walks and pavement
            clean upon completion of work in this section.

    4.  ACCEPTANCE

        A.  Seeded areas will be reviewed for acceptance by LANL when
            final stabilization has been achieved. Final stabilization
            is defined as "All soil disturbing activities at the site
            have been completed and a uniform (e.g., evenly distributed,
            without large bare areas) perennial vegetative cover with a
            density of 70 percent of the native background vegetative
            cover for the area has been established on all unpaved areas
            and areas not covered by permanent structures, or equivalent
            permanent stabilization measures (such as the use of riprap,
            gabions, or geotextiles) have been employed." Stabilization
            shall be in conformance with the Storm Water Pollution
            Prevention Plan (SWPPP), as applicable.

        B.  In the event that all other work required by the Subcontract
            is completed before final stabilization is achieved or
            because seasonal limitations prevent seeding, partial
            acceptance of the work shall be made with final acceptance
            delayed until satisfactory vegetative growth has been
            established.

END OF SECTION

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Do not delete the following reference information:

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FOR LANL USE ONLY

This project specification is based on LANL Master Specification 32 9219
Rev. 2, dated July 14, 2008.