**COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM**

**SESSION I:**

**DISASTER PREPAREDNESS**

**EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE**

**NATIONAL EMERGENCY TRAINING CENTER**

**SESSION I**

**DISASTER PREPAREDNESS**

**TIME: 2 hours 30 minutes**

**OBJECTIVES** At the conclusion of this session, the participants will
be able to:

1\. Describe the types of hazards that are most likely to affect their
homes and community.

2\. Describe the functions of CERTs and their role in immediate
response.

3\. Identify steps to prepare themselves for a disaster.

**SCOPE**  Introduction And Welcome

 Recent Disasters

 Course Preview

 Disasters And Disaster Workers

 Participant Introductions

 Disaster Threats

 Impact On The Infrastructure

 Structural And Nonstructural Hazards

 Disaster Hazard Mitigation

 Session Summary

**TRAINING** The lead instructor will begin by welcoming the
participants to the

**METHODS** course, introducing himself or herself and other
instructor(s), and making any necessary administrative announcements.
The instructor will then briefly review a major disaster that recently
affected the area or the State, stressing its aftermath, lessons learned
(including the importance of preparedness), and the role that CERTs
might have had in that disaster.

Next, the instructor will briefly explain the course objectives and

discuss the topics to be covered in the course.

**TRAINING** The instructor will then give a brief overview of the
nature of

**METHODS** disasters, and how CERT teams fit in the disaster recovery
picture.

(Continued)

Then the instructor will begin an introductory activity. The purpose of
this activity is to introduce the participants to each other and
demonstrate that everyone taking the CERT Course brings some type of
skill or knowledge that is useful in a disaster.

During this activity, each participant will introduce himself or herself
and provide a brief description of:

 Why he or she is attending the course.

 Where he or she lives or works in the community.

Following the introductions, the instructor will review the collective
distribution of participants and lead a brief discussion of how each of
the skills and knowledge areas and experience mentioned by the
participants might be useful in the immediate aftermath of a disaster.
During the discussion, the instructor will stress the importance of
communication, trust, and team building (the whole being greater than
the sum of the parts) as critical elements of effective CERTs.

Next, the instructor will lead a discussion of the chief disaster
threat(s) for the community and the impact that the threat(s) is likely
to have on the community's infrastructure and emergency services.

The instructor will then lead a discussion of the types of structural
and nonstructural hazards that the participants will face in the
different types of structures located within the community and how those
hazards can be mitigated through individual and community preparedness
efforts both at home and in the workplace.

Finally, the instructor will summarize the key points of the session
while creating the linkage that, as CERT members, the participants will
play a vital role in disaster response.

**REFERENCES** *Community Emergency Response Team* Instructor Guide

*Community Emergency Response Team* Participant Handbook

Slides 1.1 through 1.87

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **NOTE:** If a video is available that depicts a disaster that the
  participants would relate to, the instructor may use it.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**EQUIPMENT** The following additional equipment is required for this
unit:

• 35mm slide projector with remote control and two 50-slide trays.

• Screen.

• A large map of the local area (to be hung at the front of the room).

**PREPARATION** Prepare information on State and local laws that protect
CERT members in your area. See page I-56 for presentation guidelines.

Assemble information, visuals, and examples of disasters pertinent to
your local area for inclusion in the section on disaster threats. See
pages I-14 through I-28 for suggestions on using these items.

**NOTES** A suggested time plan for this unit is as follows:

> Introduction And Welcome 5 minutes
>
> Recent Disasters 25 minutes
>
> Course Preview 5 minutes
>
> Disasters And Disaster Workers 5 minutes
>
> Participant Introductions 15 minutes
>
> Disaster Threats 25 minutes
>
> Impact On The Infrastructure 15 minutes
>
> Structural And Nonstructural Hazards 15 minutes
>
> Disaster Hazard Mitigation 35 minutes
>
> Session Summary 5 minutes
>
> **Total Time: 2 hours 30 minutes**

+--------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Total Unit:*   | **SESSION I: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS**      |
| ![](me |                 |                                           |
| dia/im | *2 hours 30     |                                           |
| age1.e | minutes*        |                                           |
| mf){wi |                 |                                           |
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| "0.468 |                 |                                           |
| 75in"} |                 |                                           |
| >      |                 |                                           |
| > 1    |                 |                                           |
| ![](me |                 |                                           |
| dia/im |                 |                                           |
| age1.e |                 |                                           |
| mf){wi |                 |                                           |
| dth="0 |                 |                                           |
| .65in" |                 |                                           |
| > h    |                 |                                           |
| eight= |                 |                                           |
| "0.468 |                 |                                           |
| 75in"} |                 |                                           |
+--------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > 2    | *Total Topic:*  | **INTRODUCTION AND WELCOME**             |
|        |                 |                                          |
| ![]    | *5 minutes*     |  Welcome the participants to Community  |
| (media |                 | Emergency Response Team Training.        |
| /image |                 |                                          |
| 2.emf) |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Instructor     |  Introduce yourselves and provide some  |
| ![](me | names, titles,  | background information about your past   |
| dia/im | phone num-bers, | experiences in emergency response.       |
| age3.e | and course      |                                          |
| mf){wi | title.*         |                                          |
| dth="0 |                 |                                          |
| .65in" |                 |                                          |
| > heig |                 |                                          |
| ht="0. |                 |                                          |
| 65in"} |                 |                                          |
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+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Participant    |  Tell the participants that the         |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page | introduction section in their            |
| a/imag | PH xv.*         | Participant Handbooks contains excellent |
| e4.emf |                 | information on:                          |
| ){widt |                 |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                 | • When disaster strikes.                 |
| 986111 |                 |                                          |
| 111111 |                 | • Community preparedness.                |
| 111in" |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 | • How CERT teams operate.                |
| height |                 |                                          |
| ="0.49 |                 | • The CERT training program.             |
| 305555 |                 |                                          |
| 555555 |                 |  Stress that the participants review    |
| 56in"} |                 | this information on a break or after     |
| >      |                 | training.                                |
| > 4    |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slide 1.1*     | **SESSION OBJECTIVES**                   |
| ![](me |                 |                                          |
| dia/im |                 |  Tell the participants that at the end  |
| age5.e |                 | of this session, they will be able to:   |
| mf){wi |                 |                                          |
| dth="0 |                 | • Describe the types of hazards most     |
| .65in" |                 | likely to affect their homes and         |
| > h    |                 | community.                               |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.495 |                 | • Describe the functions of CERTs and    |
| 833333 |                 | their role in immediate response.        |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 35in"} |                 | • Identify steps to prepare themselves   |
| >      |                 | for disasters.                           |
| > 5    |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Total        | **RECENT DISASTERS**                       |
| ![](me | Topic:*       |                                            |
| dia/im |               |                                            |
| age1.e | *25 minutes*  |                                            |
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| 75in"} |               |                                            |
| >      |               |                                            |
| > 6    |               |                                            |
+--------+---------------+--------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *If you have a  |  |                                          |
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+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slide 1.2*     |  |                                          |
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+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slide 1.3*     | • |                                          |
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+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+
|        |                 |   | **RECENT DISASTERS** (Continued)         |
+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| *You   |                 |   |  Briefly review a recent disaster in    |
| may    |                 |   | your area or State. Discuss:             |
| add    |                 |   |                                          |
| slides |                 |   | • The disaster (e.g., Level IV           |
| or     |                 |   | hurricane, earthquake measuring 6.3,     |
| other  |                 |   | etc.).                                   |
| v      |                 |   |                                          |
| isuals |                 |   | • The damage.                            |
| to     |                 |   |                                          |
| illu   |                 |   | • Lessons learned, especially as they    |
| strate |                 |   | relate to preparedness.                  |
| and    |                 |   |                                          |
| add    |                 |   |  Then explain the role that CERTs might |
| em     |                 |   | have had if they were operational during |
| phasis |                 |   | that disaster. Relate their role to the  |
| to     |                 |   | key CERT functions:                      |
| this   |                 |   |                                          |
| sec    |                 |   | • Fire suppression.                      |
| tion.* |                 |   |                                          |
|        |                 |   | • Medical operations.                    |
|        |                 |   |                                          |
|        |                 |   | • Light search and rescue.               |
|        |                 |   |                                          |
|        |                 |   | • Logistics.                             |
+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+
|        |                 |   | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
|        |                 |   |                                          |
|        |                 |   |  Ask the participants if they have any  |
|        |                 |   | questions about recent disasters.        |
|        |                 |   |                                          |
|        |                 |   |  Tell the participants that next they   |
|        |                 |   | will be provided with an overview of the |
|        |                 |   | course.                                  |
+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+

**YOUR NOTES:**

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Total Topic:*  | **COURSE PREVIEW**                       |
| ![](me |                 |                                          |
| dia/im | *5 minutes*     |                                          |
| age1.e |                 |                                          |
| mf){wi |                 |                                          |
| dth="0 |                 |                                          |
| .65in" |                 |                                          |
| > h    |                 |                                          |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.468 |                 |                                          |
| 75in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 10   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slide 1.4*     |  Explain that this session will provide |
| ![](me |                 | an overview of the course by             |
| dia/im |                 | establishing a context for CERTs within  |
| age5.e |                 | the specific hazards faced by the        |
| mf){wi |                 | community.                               |
| dth="0 |                 |                                          |
| .65in" |                 |                                          |
| > h    |                 |                                          |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.495 |                 |                                          |
| 833333 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 35in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 11   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                 |  Tell the group that later sessions     |
|        |                 | will cover:                              |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| ![](me | > 12            | • Disaster Fire Suppression.             |
| dia/im |                 |                                          |
| age5.e | *Slide 1.5*     |                                          |
| mf){wi |                 |                                          |
| dth="0 |                 |                                          |
| .65in" |                 |                                          |
| h      |                 |                                          |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.495 |                 |                                          |
| 833333 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 35in"} |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slide 1.6*     | • Disaster Medical Operations.           |
| ![](me |                 |                                          |
| dia/im |                 |                                          |
| age5.e |                 |                                          |
| mf){wi |                 |                                          |
| dth="0 |                 |                                          |
| .65in" |                 |                                          |
| > h    |                 |                                          |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.495 |                 |                                          |
| 833333 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 35in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 13   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slide 1.7*     | • Light Search And Rescue.               |
| ![](me |                 |                                          |
| dia/im |                 |                                          |
| age5.e |                 |                                          |
| mf){wi |                 |                                          |
| dth="0 |                 |                                          |
| .65in" |                 |                                          |
| > h    |                 |                                          |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.495 |                 |                                          |
| 833333 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 35in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 14   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Slide 1.8*     | • Disaster Psychology And Team           |
| ](medi |                 | Organization.                            |
| a/imag |                 |                                          |
| e7.wmf |                 |  Make any administrative announcements  |
| ){widt |                 | that are necessary at this time. Include |
| h="1.0 |                 | information about:                       |
| 138888 |                 |                                          |
| 888888 |                 | • The times for this and future          |
| 888in" |                 | sessions.                                |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| height |                 | • Materials required.                    |
| ="0.75 |                 |                                          |
| 138888 |                 | • Building their own disaster            |
| 888888 |                 | preparedness kit.                        |
| 89in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 | • Restroom locations, no-smoking policy, |
| > 15   |                 | etc.                                     |
|        |                 |                                          |
|        |                 | • Certification upon course completion.  |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                 | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
|        |                 |                                          |
|        |                 |  Ask the participants if they have any  |
|        |                 | questions.                               |
|        |                 |                                          |
|        |                 |  Explain that the next topic will be a  |
|        |                 | discussion of disasters and disaster     |
|        |                 | workers.                                 |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Total Topic:*   | **DISASTERS AND DISASTER WORKERS**       |
| ![](me |                  |                                          |
| dia/im | *5 minutes*      |                                          |
| age1.e |                  |                                          |
| mf){wi |                  |                                          |
| dth="0 |                  |                                          |
| .65in" |                  |                                          |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.468 |                  |                                          |
| 75in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 16   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | > 18             |  Introduce this section by stating that |
| ![](me | >                | disasters can be:                        |
| dia/im | > *Participant   |                                          |
| age4.e | > Hand-*         | • Manmade                                |
| mf){wi | >                |                                          |
| dth="0 | > *book, page PH | • Natural                                |
| .65in" | > I-3.*          |                                          |
| >      |                  | • Technological                          |
| height | *Slide 1.9*      |                                          |
| ="0.44 |                  |                                          |
| 861111 |                  |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 17   |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |                                          |
| ![](me |                  |                                          |
| dia/im |                  |                                          |
| age5.e |                  |                                          |
| mf){wi |                  |                                          |
| dth="0 |                  |                                          |
| .65in" |                  |                                          |
| h      |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.495 |                  |                                          |
| 833333 |                  |                                          |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 35in"} |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slide 1.10*     | Explain that, regardless of the event,   |
| ![](me |                  | disasters have several key elements in   |
| dia/im |                  | common:                                  |
| age5.e |                  |                                          |
| mf){wi |                  | • They are relatively *unexpected,* with |
| dth="0 |                  | little or no warning or opportunity to   |
| .65in" |                  | prepare.                                 |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  | • Available personnel and emergency      |
| "0.495 |                  | services are *overwhelmed* by demands    |
| 833333 |                  | for their services.                      |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 35in"} |                  | • Lives, health, and the environment are |
| >      |                  | *endangered.*                            |
| > 19   |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |  Stress that, in the immediate          |
|        |                  | aftermath of a disaster, needs will be   |
|        |                  | greater than professional emergency      |
|        |                  | services personnel can provide. In these |
|        |                  | instances, CERTs become a vital link in  |
|        |                  | the emergency service chain.             |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Ask if the participants have any       |
|                           | questions about what constitutes a       |
|                           | disaster or how CERT teams can help in a |
|                           | disaster.                                |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Transition to the participant          |
|                           | introductions by telling the group that  |
|                           | it is time to find out just how they     |
|                           | could fit into the disaster scenario.    |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

**YOUR NOTES:**

+---------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+---+
| > !     | *Total        | **PARTICIPANT INTRODUCTIONS**             |   |
| [](medi | Topic:*       |                                           |   |
| a/image |               |  As the participants are arriving,       |   |
| 1.emf){ | *15 minutes*  | develop a class roster by passing around  |   |
| width=" |               | a sheet of paper. Ask the participants to |   |
| 0.65in" |               | write down their name, address, phone     |   |
| > heigh |               | number, and occupation. Once the roster   |   |
| t="0.46 |               | is complete, begin the introductory       |   |
| 875in"} |               | activity.                                 |   |
| >       |               |                                           |   |
| > 20    |               | [Instructor Note]{.underline}: This       |   |
|         |               | introductory activity will allow everyone |   |
|         |               | to meet each other, to gain confidence    |   |
|         |               | that they all have some type of skill or  |   |
|         |               | knowledge that would be useful to a CERT, |   |
|         |               | and to stress that, through teamwork, all |   |
|         |               | of the skills, knowledge, and experience  |   |
|         |               | that the participants have becomes        |   |
|         |               | collectively more important.              |   |
|         |               |                                           |   |
|         |               |  Use the following steps to facilitate   |   |
|         |               | this activity:                            |   |
|         |               |                                           |   |
|         |               | 1\. Ask all of the participants to        |   |
|         |               | introduce themselves and tell what they   |   |
|         |               | would like to gain from the course.       |   |
|         |               |                                           |   |
|         |               | 2\. Ask for a show of hands to indicate   |   |
|         |               | how many of the participants have been in |   |
|         |               | a disaster or know someone who has.       |   |
+---------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+---+
| *Hang   |               | 3\. Ask each participant to come to the   |   |
| the     |               | map in the front of the room and use a    |   |
| local   |               | marker or push pin to identify where he   |   |
| map in  |               | or she lives or works.                    |   |
| the     |               |                                           |   |
| front   |               | 4\. Following completion of the           |   |
| of the  |               | introductions, facilitate a brief         |   |
| room.*  |               | discussion of how each of the             |   |
|         |               | participant's skills, knowledge areas,    |   |
|         |               | and experience could be useful to a CERT. |   |
|         |               | Emphasize the importance of:              |   |
|         |               |                                           |   |
|         |               | • Communication                           |   |
|         |               |                                           |   |
|         |               | • Teamwork                                |   |
+---------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+---+
|         |               | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**                |   |
|         |               |                                           |   |
|         |               |  Ask if the participants have any        |   |
|         |               | questions about their roles and           |   |
|         |               | responsibilities as CERT members.         |   |
|         |               |                                           |   |
|         |               |  Explain that the specific tasks and     |   |
|         |               | responsibilities of CERTs will be         |   |
|         |               | presented in more detail during future    |   |
|         |               | sessions.                                 |   |
+---------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+---+

**YOUR NOTES:**

+--------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Total Topic:*  | **DISASTER THREATS**                      |
| ![](me |                 |                                           |
| dia/im | *25 minutes*    |                                           |
| age1.e |                 |                                           |
| mf){wi |                 |                                           |
| dth="0 |                 |                                           |
| .65in" |                 |                                           |
| > h    |                 |                                           |
| eight= |                 |                                           |
| "0.468 |                 |                                           |
| 75in"} |                 |                                           |
| >      |                 |                                           |
| > 21   |                 |                                           |
+--------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Participant    | [Instructor Note]{.underline}: This      |
| ![](me | Hand-book, page | section provides information about:      |
| dia/im | PH I-6.*        |                                          |
| age4.e |                 | • Earthquakes                            |
| mf){wi |                 |                                          |
| dth="0 |                 | • Hurricanes and coastal storms          |
| .65in" |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 | • Tornadoes                              |
| height |                 |                                          |
| ="0.44 |                 | • Floods                                 |
| 861111 |                 |                                          |
| 111111 |                 | • Hazardous materials accidents          |
| 11in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 | Present information only about the       |
| > 22   |                 | disasters/hazards that are a threat to   |
|        |                 | your community.                          |
|        |                 |                                          |
|        |                 | Also, the information presented in this  |
|        |                 | lesson is generic. If your community has |
|        |                 | video footage or photographs of past     |
|        |                 | local disasters, use them to supplement  |
|        |                 | this section.                            |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

**YOUR NOTES:**

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Participant     | **EARTHQUAKES**                          |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  |                                          |
| a/imag | PH I-7.*         |  Define earthquakes as *a shaking or    |
| e8.wmf |                  | trembling of the earth, caused by        |
| ){widt |                  | underground volcanic forces or by        |
| h="0.6 |                  | breaking and shifting of rock beneath    |
| 451388 |                  | the surface.*                            |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 889in" |                  |                                          |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.445 |                  |                                          |
| 138888 |                  |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 86in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 23   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Present key     |  Point out that the reason earthquakes  |
| ](medi | points.*         | are such a risk is because shaking       |
| a/imag |                  | ground can:                              |
| e9.wmf |                  |                                          |
| ){widt |                  | • Cause buildings to move off their      |
| h="0.6 |                  | foundations or collapse.                 |
| 423611 |                  |                                          |
| 111111 |                  | • Damage utility lines, other            |
| 112in" |                  | structures, and roads.                   |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  | • Set off fires.                         |
| "0.165 |                  |                                          |
| 972222 |                  | • Cause landslides and avalanches.       |
| 222222 |                  |                                          |
| 22in"} |                  | • Cause tsunamis.                        |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 24   |                  | • Cause structural instability, such as  |
|        |                  | dam failures, that can trigger flash     |
|        |                  | floods.                                  |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | • Threaten the lives of people and       |
|        |                  | animals.                                 |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slide 1.11*     |  Explain that the *greatest* likelihood |
| ![](me |                  | of major earthquakes is in:              |
| dia/im |                  |                                          |
| age5.e |                  | • The western United States,             |
| mf){wi |                  | particularly along the San Andreas Fault |
| dth="0 |                  | in California and up the Alaskan Coast.  |
| .65in" |                  |                                          |
| > h    |                  | • The New Madrid Fault Zone in Missouri. |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.495 |                  | • A few pockets on the East Coast.       |
| 833333 |                  |                                          |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 35in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 25   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
                               **EARTHQUAKES** (Continued)

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Present key    |  Elaborate on the likelihood of         |
| ](medi | points.*        | earthquakes by supplying the following   |
| a/imag |                 | statistics:                              |
| e9.wmf |                 |                                          |
| ){widt |                 | • About 8% of the U.S. population faces  |
| h="0.6 |                 | minimum or insignificant risk of         |
| 423611 |                 | earthquake damage.                       |
| 111111 |                 |                                          |
| 112in" |                 | • Fifteen percent of the population      |
| > h    |                 | lives in the zones of potentially major  |
| eight= |                 | damage.                                  |
| "0.165 |                 |                                          |
| 972222 |                 | • California's 17 million people face    |
| 222222 |                 | the highest risk, followed by the        |
| 22in"} |                 | residents of Washington State.           |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 26   |                 | • Four million people are within the     |
|        |                 | destructive reaches of the New Madrid    |
|        |                 | Fault.                                   |
|        |                 |                                          |
|        |                 | • Massachusetts, North Carolina, and     |
|        |                 | South Carolina are also at risk.         |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !    | *Present key    |  Stress that hundreds of tremors are    |
| [](med | points.*        | felt each year, particularly in          |
| ia/ima |                 | California. However, major earthquakes   |
| ge10.e |                 | are rare. Four major earthquakes have    |
| mf){wi |                 | occurred this century in the United      |
| dth="0 |                 | States. They are:                        |
| .65in" |                 |                                          |
| > h    |                 | • San Francisco, 1906 (Lives lost =      |
| eight= |                 | 2000).                                   |
| "0.170 |                 |                                          |
| 833333 |                 | • Alaska, 1964 (Lives lost = 131).       |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 34in"} |                 | • San Fernando, California, 1971 (Lives  |
| >      |                 | lost = 65).                              |
| > 27   |                 |                                          |
|        |                 | • Loma Prieta (Northern California),     |
|        |                 | 1989 (Lives lost = 66).                  |
|        |                 |                                          |
|        |                 | -   Tell the group that there is no      |
|        |                 |     seasonal or yearly cycle of          |
|        |                 |     earthquake occurrence; earthquakes   |
|        |                 |     can happen any time. However, major  |
|        |                 |     earthquakes appear to occur in       |
|        |                 |     cycles of between 50 and 275 years.  |
|        |                 |     It is likely that an earthquake will |
|        |                 |     hit California and perhaps other     |
|        |                 |     parts of the United States in the    |
|        |                 |     next decade or two.                  |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **EARTHQUAKES** (Continued)              |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Explain that an earthquake may last    |
|                           | for seconds or minutes, while            |
|                           | aftershocks may occur for months after   |
|                           | the main earthquake.                     |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | > 29             |  Refer the participants to their        |
| ![](me |                  | Participant Handbooks. Explain that      |
| dia/im | *Slide 1.12*     | earthquakes are classified, based on the |
| age5.e |                  | Richter scale, as:                       |
| mf){wi | *Participant     |                                          |
| dth="0 | Hand-book, page  | • Small: 5.0-5.9                         |
| .65in" | PH I-7.*         |                                          |
| > h    |                  | • Moderate: 6.0-6.9                      |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.495 |                  | • Major: 7.0-7.9                         |
| 833333 |                  |                                          |
| 333333 |                  | • Great: 8.0-8.9                         |
| 35in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 28   |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |                                          |
| ![](me |                  |                                          |
| dia/im |                  |                                          |
| age4.e |                  |                                          |
| mf){wi |                  |                                          |
| dth="0 |                  |                                          |
| .65in" |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.44 |                  |                                          |
| 861111 |                  |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slides 1.13     | Stress that the Richter scale has a      |
| ![](me | through 1.15*    | logarithmic base, so each increment on   |
| dia/im |                  | the scale is multiplied by a factor of   |
| age5.e |                  | 10. For example, an earthquake of        |
| mf){wi |                  | magnitude 8.6 would not be twice as      |
| dth="0 |                  | violent as one of 4.3, but rather would  |
| .65in" |                  | be 10,000 times worse.                   |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.495 |                  |                                          |
| 833333 |                  |                                          |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 35in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 30   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Slides 1.16     |  Point out that these slides are        |
| ](medi | through 1.23*    | examples of damage that could result     |
| a/imag |                  | from a disaster event.                   |
| e7.wmf |                  |                                          |
| ){widt |                  | [Instructor Note]{.underline}: They can  |
| h="0.5 |                  | also be used as visuals during a         |
| 854166 |                  | discussion in Session V of how to decide |
| 666666 |                  | if damage is light, moderate, or heavy.  |
| 667in" |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.43 |                  |                                          |
| 958333 |                  |                                          |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 33in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 31   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Participant     | **HURRICANES AND COASTAL STORMS**        |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  |                                          |
| a/imag | PH I-10.*        |                                          |
| e8.wmf |                  |                                          |
| ){widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |                                          |
| 180555 |                  |                                          |
| 555555 |                  |                                          |
| 556in" |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.42 |                  |                                          |
| 638888 |                  |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 89in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 32   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Slides 1.24 and |  Explain that hurricanes are violent    |
| ](medi | 1.25*            | areas of low pressure forming in the     |
| a/imag |                  | tropical Atlantic Ocean from June to     |
| e7.wmf |                  | November. (Similar Western Pacific Ocean |
| ){widt |                  | storms are called *typhoons.*)           |
| h="0.5 |                  | Hurricanes have winds of 75 miles per    |
| 333333 |                  | hour or more and are accompanied by      |
| 333333 |                  | torrential rains and---along coastal     |
| 333in" |                  | areas---a *storm surge.*                 |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.391 |                  |                                          |
| 666666 |                  |                                          |
| 666666 |                  |                                          |
| 66in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 33   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Slide 1.26*     |  Tell the participants that, although   |
| ](medi |                  | coastal storms may have hurricane-force  |
| a/imag |                  | winds and may cause similar kinds and    |
| e7.wmf |                  | amounts of damage, they are not          |
| ){widt |                  | classified as hurricanes because they do |
| h="0.5 |                  | not originate in the tropics.            |
| 229166 |                  |                                          |
| 666666 |                  | [Instructor Note]{.underline}: Point out |
| 667in" |                  | that, despite the fact that this slide   |
| > h    |                  | shows people watching the rough surf, it |
| eight= |                  | is not safe to do.                       |
| "0.383 |                  |                                          |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 36in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 34   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Present key     |  Explain that hurricanes and coastal    |
| ](medi | points.*         | storms are a risk because powerful and   |
| a/imag |                  | intense winds can:                       |
| e9.wmf |                  |                                          |
| ){widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |                                          |
| 027777 |                  |                                          |
| 777777 |                  |                                          |
| 777in" |                  |                                          |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.155 |                  |                                          |
| 555555 |                  |                                          |
| 555555 |                  |                                          |
| 56in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 35   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *If you live in an area   | • Cause buildings to rip apart.          |
| that is susceptible to    |                                          |
| hurricanes or coastal     | • Uproot unstable structures and         |
| storms, use local         | objects.                                 |
| experiences to supplement |                                          |
| or replace this           | • Damage utility lines.                  |
| information.*             |                                          |
|                           | • Be accompanied by tornadoes.           |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Cause coastal erosion.                 |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Cause floods and trigger landslides.   |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Threaten lives.                        |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | The accompanying heavy rains can         |
|                           | inundate coastal areas and inland        |
|                           | communities, presenting another risk to  |
|                           | life and property.                       |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

  --------------------------- -------------------------------------------
                              **HURRICANES AND COASTAL STORMS**
                              (Continued)

  --------------------------- -------------------------------------------

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Slide 1.27*    |  Refer the participants to the          |
| ](medi |                 | hurricane classi-fication chart in their |
| a/imag | *Participant    | Participant Handbooks. Explain that      |
| e7.wmf | Hand-book, page | hurricanes are classified according to   |
| ){widt | PH I-10.*       | the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Damage      |
| h="0.5 |                 | Potential Scale, which measures:         |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 | • Barometric pressure (in inches)        |
| 333in" |                 |                                          |
| > h    |                 | • Windspeed (in miles per hour)          |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.391 |                 | • Storm surge (in feet)                  |
| 666666 |                 |                                          |
| 666666 |                 |                                          |
| 66in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 36   |                 |                                          |
|        |                 |                                          |
| ![     |                 |                                          |
| ](medi |                 |                                          |
| a/imag |                 |                                          |
| e8.wmf |                 |                                          |
| ){widt |                 |                                          |
| h="0.5 |                 |                                          |
| 909722 |                 |                                          |
| 222222 |                 |                                          |
| 222in" |                 |                                          |
| height |                 |                                          |
| ="0.40 |                 |                                          |
| 763888 |                 |                                          |
| 888888 |                 |                                          |
| 89in"} |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !    | *Slide 1.28*    |  Point out that the *greatest*          |
| [](med |                 | likelihood of a hurricane striking land  |
| ia/ima |                 | areas is along the Gulf Coast and the    |
| ge7.wm |                 | southeastern seaboard. However,          |
| f){wid |                 | hurricanes have also hit central         |
| th="0. |                 | Pennsylvania and the coast of New        |
| 575in" |                 | Jersey, New York, and New England.       |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| height |                 |                                          |
| ="0.42 |                 |                                          |
| 361111 |                 |                                          |
| 111111 |                 |                                          |
| 11in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 37   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Present key    |  Explain that each year approximately   |
| ](medi | points.*        | 10 "storm-strength" weather disturbances |
| a/imag |                 | are detected in the North Atlantic. Of   |
| e9.wmf |                 | these 10, half may grow into hurricane   |
| ){widt |                 | proportion. Two hurricanes are likely to |
| h="0.6 |                 | strike the U.S. coast.                   |
| 027777 |                 |                                          |
| 777777 |                 |  Tell the group that hurricane season   |
| 777in" |                 | lasts from June to November. August and  |
| > h    |                 | September are peak months. Hurricanes    |
| eight= |                 | can last for 2 weeks and run over a path |
| "0.155 |                 | the entire length of the eastern         |
| 555555 |                 | seaboard.                                |
| 555555 |                 |                                          |
| 56in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 38   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
                               **HURRICANES AND COASTAL STORMS**
                               (Continued)

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !    | *Present key     |  Stress that nearly 100 million         |
| [](med | points.*         | Americans are at risk from hurricanes.   |
| ia/ima |                  | Specifically:                            |
| ge10.e |                  |                                          |
| mf){wi |                  | • Almost 14 million live in the zone     |
| dth="0 |                  | where winds greater than 125 mph have    |
| .65in" |                  | blown (i.e., the tip of Florida to the   |
| > h    |                  | North Carolina coast).                   |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.170 |                  | • Over 6 million live in storm surge     |
| 833333 |                  | areas.                                   |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 34in"} |                  | • Over 2.5 million live in areas with a  |
| >      |                  | 25-year storm surge return period.       |
| > 39   |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |  Emphasize that although deaths from    |
|        |                  | hurricanes are decreasing, property      |
|        |                  | damage is on the rise. Point out also    |
|        |                  | that deaths from hurricanes are          |
|        |                  | decreasing as hurricane warning systems  |
|        |                  | improve, allowing for safe evacuation    |
|        |                  | from threatened areas.                   |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Participant     | **TORNADOES**                            |
| ![](me | Hand-book, page  |                                          |
| dia/im | PH I-13.*        |                                          |
| age4.e |                  |                                          |
| mf){wi |                  |                                          |
| dth="0 |                  |                                          |
| .65in" |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.44 |                  |                                          |
| 861111 |                  |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 40   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slides 1.29 and |  Tell the participants that tornadoes   |
| ![](me | 1.30*            | are powerful, circular windstorms that   |
| dia/im |                  | may be accompanied by winds of 200 or    |
| age5.e |                  | more miles per hour. Tornadoes may range |
| mf){wi |                  | in width from several hundred yards to   |
| dth="0 |                  | more than a mile across.                 |
| .65in" |                  |                                          |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.495 |                  |                                          |
| 833333 |                  |                                          |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 35in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 41   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Present key     |  Explain that tornadoes pose such a     |
| ](medi | points.*         | risk because the low atmospheric         |
| a/imag |                  | pressure, combined with high wind        |
| e9.wmf |                  | velocity, can:                           |
| ){widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0.5 |                  | • Rip trees apart.                       |
| 631944 |                  |                                          |
| 444444 |                  | • Cause buildings to burst.              |
| 444in" |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  | • Uproot structures and objects.         |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.14 |                  | • Send debris and glass flying.          |
| 513888 |                  |                                          |
| 888888 |                  | • Turn cars and mobile homes over.       |
| 89in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 42   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
                               **TORNADOES** (Continued)

  *If you live in an area that  Point out that tornadoes are most
  is susceptible to tornadoes, prevalent east of the Colorado-Wyoming-New
  use local experiences to     Mexico area. Most frequently, tornadoes
  supplement this              are found in the area from Kansas to
  information.*                Kentucky, the Great Plains, and the Upper
                               Midwest. "Tornado Alley" includes Texas,
                               Oklahoma, and Kansas.
  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           |  Tell the participants that 900         |
|                           | tornadoes are reported yearly.           |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Explain that tornado season lasts from |
|                           | March to August, but can occur           |
|                           | year-round. Over 80% of tornadoes occur  |
|                           | between noon and midnight, and one       |
|                           | quarter occur from 4:00 to 6:00 p.m.     |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Explain that 9,000 deaths have been    |
|                           | attributed to tornadoes in the past 50   |
|                           | years. Each year about 100 people are    |
|                           | killed. Damages can run into the         |
|                           | hundreds of millions of dollars.         |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Explain that population in the 10      |
|                           | tornado-prone states is increasing       |
|                           | because of more rapid urban development, |
|                           | which increases the likelihood of        |
|                           | injuries and deaths.                     |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|       |                  | **TORNADOES** (Continued)                |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Slide 1.31*     |  Refer the participants to the tornado  |
| ![](m |                  | classification chart in their            |
| edia/ | *Participant     | Participant Handbooks. Explain that      |
| image | Hand-book, page  | tornado strength is measured on the      |
| 7.wmf | PH I-13.*        | Fujita Wind-Damage Scale, which          |
| ){wid |                  | correlates damage with windspeed. On the |
| th="0 |                  | scale, there are six wind-damage levels: |
| .5013 |                  |                                          |
| 88888 |                  | • F0:                                    |
| 88888 |                  |                                          |
| 89in" |                  | \- Winds: Up to 72 miles per hour (MPH)  |
| > h   |                  |                                          |
| eight |                  | \- Damage: Light                         |
| ="0.3 |                  |                                          |
| 75694 |                  | • F1:                                    |
| 44444 |                  |                                          |
| 44444 |                  | \- Winds: 73 - 112 MPH                   |
| 4in"} |                  |                                          |
| >     |                  | \- Damage: Moderate                      |
| > 43  |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | • F2:                                    |
| ![](m |                  |                                          |
| edia/ |                  | \- Winds: 113 - 157 MPH                  |
| image |                  |                                          |
| 8.wmf |                  | \- Damage: Considerable                  |
| ){wid |                  |                                          |
| th="0 |                  |                                          |
| .6180 |                  |                                          |
| 55555 |                  |                                          |
| 55555 |                  |                                          |
| 56in" |                  |                                          |
| heigh |                  |                                          |
| t="0. |                  |                                          |
| 42638 |                  |                                          |
| 88888 |                  |                                          |
| 88888 |                  |                                          |
| 9in"} |                  |                                          |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|       |                  | • F3:                                    |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | \- Winds: 158 - 206 MPH                  |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | \- Damage: Severe                        |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | • F4:                                    |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | \- Winds: 207 - 260 MPH                  |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | \- Damage: Devastating                   |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | • F5:                                    |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | \- Winds: 261 MPH or greater             |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | \- Damage: Incredible                    |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|       |                  | **TORNADOES** (Continued)                |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Slide 1.32*     |  Tell the participants that although    |
|  ![]( |                  | the Midwest and sections of the          |
| media | *If you live in  | Southeast have the highest risk of       |
| /imag | an area that is  | tornadoes, with the help of              |
| e7.wm | susceptible to   | sophisticated radar and other measures,  |
| f){wi | tornadoes,       | meteorologists are now able to predict   |
| dth=" | substitute       | when favorable conditions for tornado    |
| 0.543 | prediction data  | formation exist and are able to warn the |
| 75in" | for your area.*  | public better. Stress, however, that     |
| >     |                  | many tornadoes probably are still        |
| heigh |                  | unreported and/or unconfirmed.           |
| t="0. |                  |                                          |
| 40763 |                  |                                          |
| 88888 |                  |                                          |
| 88888 |                  |                                          |
| 9in"} |                  |                                          |
| >     |                  |                                          |
| > 44  |                  |                                          |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Participant      | **FLOODS**                               |
| ![](m | Hand-book, page   |                                          |
| edia/ | PH I-16.*         |                                          |
| image |                   |                                          |
| 8.wmf |                   |                                          |
| ){wid |                   |                                          |
| th="0 |                   |                                          |
| .5645 |                   |                                          |
| 83333 |                   |                                          |
| 33333 |                   |                                          |
| 33in" |                   |                                          |
| > h   |                   |                                          |
| eight |                   |                                          |
| ="0.3 |                   |                                          |
| 89583 |                   |                                          |
| 33333 |                   |                                          |
| 33333 |                   |                                          |
| 4in"} |                   |                                          |
| >     |                   |                                          |
| > 45  |                   |                                          |
+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !   | *Slides 1.33      |  Explain that a flood occurs any time a |
| [](me | through 1.35*     | body of water rises to cover what is     |
| dia/i |                   | usually dry land. Floods have many       |
| mage5 | *Focus on the     | causes, including:                       |
| .emf) | type of flood     |                                          |
| {widt | that your area    | • Heavy rain                             |
| h="0. | experiences.*     |                                          |
| 65in" |                   | • Spring snowmelt                        |
| > h   |                   |                                          |
| eight |                   | • Hurricanes and coastal storms          |
| ="0.4 |                   |                                          |
| 95833 |                   | • Dam and levee failure                  |
| 33333 |                   |                                          |
| 33333 |                   | • Low absorption or no soil percolation  |
| 5in"} |                   |                                          |
| >     |                   |                                          |
| > 46  |                   |                                          |
+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **FLOODS** (Continued)                   |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Stress that flash floods, for which    |
|                           | there is little or no warning, cause     |
|                           | great risk to humans and animals.        |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Present key    |  Explain that the reasons floods pose   |
| ](medi | points.*        | such a risk are that:                    |
| a/imag |                 |                                          |
| e9.wmf |                 | • Heavy rainfall can exacerbate problems |
| ){widt |                 | with runoff, absorption, and             |
| h="0.6 |                 | flood-control facility limitations.      |
| 159722 |                 |                                          |
| 222222 |                 | • Riverine flooding can potentially      |
| 223in" |                 | inundate a city when protection fails.   |
| > h    |                 |                                          |
| eight= |                 | • Storm surges and tsunamis inundate     |
| "0.159 |                 | coastal areas, threatening property and  |
| 027777 |                 | lives.                                   |
| 777777 |                 |                                          |
| 77in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 47   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *If you live in an area   |  Explain that every major drainage      |
| that is susceptible to    | basin in the United States has a         |
| flooding, add local       | floodplain surrounding it. Two areas     |
| experiences and           | where inundation is very likely are:     |
| prediction data.*         |                                          |
|                           | • Along the Mississippi River.           |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • The central valley of California.      |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | Floodplain areas are also widespread in  |
|                           | the South Atlantic, the Gulf Coast, and  |
|                           | the Missouri and Arkansas river basins.  |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Note that there are almost 4,000       |
|                           | communities that have flood problems,    |
|                           | with 100 million people exposed.         |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | -   Point out that floods are measured   |
|                           |     according to the heights the waters  |
|                           |     reach. Their magnitude is based on   |
|                           |     the chances that water levels will   |
|                           |     equal or exceed a certain point on a |
|                           |     recurring basis. Intervals of        |
|                           |     probability are classified into      |
|                           |     hazard zones.                        |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|       |                  | **FLOODS** (Continued)                   |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  |  Explain that the costs associated with |
|       |                  | flooding are increasing as more          |
|       |                  | development occurs in the floodplains.   |
|       |                  | In the 1980's, flood losses reached \$4  |
|       |                  | billion a year. The recent flooding in   |
|       |                  | the Midwest caused an estimated \$6      |
|       |                  | billion in damages. The number of deaths |
|       |                  | annually is slightly less than 50, about |
|       |                  | one fourth of which are due to flash     |
|       |                  | floods, in which people attempt to cross |
|       |                  | swiftly moving water and are swept away. |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Participant     | **BLIZZARDS**                            |
| ![](m | Hand-book, page  |                                          |
| edia/ | PH I-17.*        |                                          |
| image |                  |                                          |
| 8.wmf |                  |                                          |
| ){wid |                  |                                          |
| th="0 |                  |                                          |
| .6048 |                  |                                          |
| 61111 |                  |                                          |
| 11111 |                  |                                          |
| 11in" |                  |                                          |
| >     |                  |                                          |
| heigh |                  |                                          |
| t="0. |                  |                                          |
| 41736 |                  |                                          |
| 11111 |                  |                                          |
| 11111 |                  |                                          |
| 1in"} |                  |                                          |
| >     |                  |                                          |
| > 48  |                  |                                          |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Slide 1.36*     |  Introduce blizzards by explaining that |
| ![](m |                  | the National Weather Service defines a   |
| edia/ |                  | blizzard as *consider-able falling snow  |
| image |                  | accompanied by winds of 35 miles per     |
| 7.wmf |                  | hour or more.* Blizzards are also        |
| ){wid |                  | accompanied by frigid temperatures and   |
| th="0 |                  | extremely limited visibility.            |
| .5333 |                  |                                          |
| 33333 |                  |                                          |
| 33333 |                  |                                          |
| 33in" |                  |                                          |
| > h   |                  |                                          |
| eight |                  |                                          |
| ="0.3 |                  |                                          |
| 91666 |                  |                                          |
| 66666 |                  |                                          |
| 66666 |                  |                                          |
| 6in"} |                  |                                          |
| >     |                  |                                          |
| > 49  |                  |                                          |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *If you live in an area   |  Tell the participants that blizzards   |
| that is susceptible to    | in the United States occur most          |
| blizzards, add local      | frequently in the northern Mid-western   |
| experiences and           | States but may occur inland of Atlantic  |
| predictions data.*        | coastal storms and at high altitudes in  |
|                           | the Western States.                      |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Point out that, when blizzards occur,  |
|                           | much of the infrastructure in the        |
|                           | affected area may be disrupted for       |
|                           | several days.                            |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
                               **BLIZZARDS** (Continued)

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | > 51              |  Refer the participants to the blizzard |
| ![](m |                   | classification chart in their            |
| edia/ | *Slide 1.37*      | Participant Handbooks. Explain that      |
| image |                   | blizzards are classified by their        |
| 7.wmf | *Participant      | windspeed and concurrent visibility:     |
| ){wid | Hand-book, page   |                                          |
| th="0 | PH I-17.*         | • Blizzard:                              |
| .5333 |                   |                                          |
| 33333 |                   | \- Wind: 35 - 44 MPH                     |
| 33333 |                   |                                          |
| 33in" |                   | \- Visibility: Less than 500 feet        |
| > h   |                   |                                          |
| eight |                   | • Severe Blizzard:                       |
| ="0.3 |                   |                                          |
| 91666 |                   | \- Wind: 45 MPH or greater               |
| 66666 |                   |                                          |
| 66666 |                   | \- Visibility: Approaching zero          |
| 6in"} |                   |                                          |
| >     |                   |  Point out that, with the help of       |
| > 50  |                   | satellites and other methods,            |
|       |                   | meteorologists can predict when          |
| ![](m |                   | conditions are favorable for blizzard    |
| edia/ |                   | conditions to develop, which allows them |
| image |                   | to issue blizzard watches and warnings   |
| 8.wmf |                   | to the public. It remains impossible,    |
| ){wid |                   | however, to predict blizzards with       |
| th="0 |                   | complete accuracy or to predict the      |
| .5777 |                   | exact track that a storm will follow.    |
| 77777 |                   |                                          |
| 77777 |                   |                                          |
| 77in" |                   |                                          |
| h     |                   |                                          |
| eight |                   |                                          |
| ="0.3 |                   |                                          |
| 98611 |                   |                                          |
| 11111 |                   |                                          |
| 11111 |                   |                                          |
| 4in"} |                   |                                          |
+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Participant      | **HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ACCIDENTS**        |
| ![](m | Hand-book, page   |                                          |
| edia/ | PH I-18.*         |                                          |
| image |                   |                                          |
| 8.wmf |                   |                                          |
| ){wid |                   |                                          |
| th="0 |                   |                                          |
| .5909 |                   |                                          |
| 72222 |                   |                                          |
| 22222 |                   |                                          |
| 22in" |                   |                                          |
| >     |                   |                                          |
| heigh |                   |                                          |
| t="0. |                   |                                          |
| 40763 |                   |                                          |
| 88888 |                   |                                          |
| 88888 |                   |                                          |
| 9in"} |                   |                                          |
| >     |                   |                                          |
| > 52  |                   |                                          |
+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **?** *Discussion         |  Ask the group what they think of as a  |
| question.*                | hazardous materials accident.            |
|                           |                                          |
| *Present this information |                                          |
| regardless of your        |                                          |
| location.*                |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ACCIDENTS**        |
|                           | (Continued)                              |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | If not mentioned by the participants,    |
|                           | stress that, by definition, hazardous    |
|                           | materials are products or substances     |
|                           | that:                                    |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !   | *Slides 1.38     | • Corrode other materials.               |
| [](me | through 1.44*    |                                          |
| dia/i |                  | • Explode or are easily ignited.         |
| mage5 |                  |                                          |
| .emf) |                  | • React strongly with water.             |
| {widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0. |                  | • Are unstable when exposed to heat or   |
| 65in" |                  | shock.                                   |
| > h   |                  |                                          |
| eight |                  | • Are otherwise toxic to humans,         |
| ="0.4 |                  | animals, or the environment.             |
| 95833 |                  |                                          |
| 33333 |                  |  Point out that, while the United       |
| 33333 |                  | States has a body of law governing the   |
| 5in"} |                  | safe handling, transport, and disposal   |
| >     |                  | of hazardous materials, accidents can    |
| > 53  |                  | and do occur throughout the country on a |
|       |                  | regular basis. Additionally, while the   |
|       |                  | risk of exposure to radioactive          |
|       |                  | materials in nuclear power facilities,   |
|       |                  | mining operations, and storage           |
|       |                  | facilities is strictly regulated, it     |
|       |                  | remains possible for a radioactive       |
|       |                  | materials incident to occur.             |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Slides 1.45 and |  Stress also that, despite the common   |
| ![](m | 1.46*            | image of a tanker truck that has         |
| edia/ |                  | exploded or a train wreck, many          |
| image | *Point out that  | hazardous materials accidents occur in   |
| 7.wmf | the materials    | the home due to improper handling and    |
| ){wid | shown on the     | storage of common products such as       |
| th="0 | shelves in Slide | gasoline, paint thinner, fertilizer,     |
| .5013 | 1.46 are stored  | pesticides, and household cleaning       |
| 88888 | improperly. They | products.                                |
| 88888 | should be stored |                                          |
| 89in" | on the floor.*   |                                          |
| > h   |                  |                                          |
| eight |                  |                                          |
| ="0.3 |                  |                                          |
| 75694 |                  |                                          |
| 44444 |                  |                                          |
| 44444 |                  |                                          |
| 4in"} |                  |                                          |
| >     |                  |                                          |
| > 54  |                  |                                          |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
                               **HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ACCIDENTS**
                               (Continued)

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Present key     |  Tell the participants that hazardous   |
| ![](m | points.*         | materials are not classified in the same |
| edia/ |                  | way as natural hazards. Furthermore,     |
| image |                  | they are classified differently          |
| 9.wmf |                  | depending on whether they are being      |
| ){wid |                  | stored or transported. Mention that      |
| th="0 |                  | classification of hazardous materials    |
| .5243 |                  | will be discussed more fully in the      |
| 05555 |                  | session dealing with fire suppression.   |
| 55555 |                  |                                          |
| 56in" |                  |  Emphasize that there is no way to      |
| > h   |                  | predict hazardous materials accidents.   |
| eight |                  | Certain areas, however, are more likely  |
| ="0.1 |                  | to have a major hazardous materials      |
| 34722 |                  | accident. These areas include those      |
| 22222 |                  | located near:                            |
| 22222 |                  |                                          |
| 2in"} |                  | • Interstate highways                    |
| >     |                  |                                          |
| > 55  |                  | • Manufacturing, storage, or disposal    |
|       |                  | facilities                               |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | • Nuclear power facilities               |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | • Mining areas                           |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | Tell the group that accident prevention, |
|       |                  | rather than prediction, is central to    |
|       |                  | avoiding potential damage, loss, or      |
|       |                  | contamination from hazardous materials.  |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  |  Ask the participants if they have any  |
|       |                  | questions about the types of hazards     |
|       |                  | that are most likely to affect the local |
|       |                  | area.                                    |
|       |                  |                                          |
|       |                  |  Explain that the next section will     |
|       |                  | describe the impact that these events    |
|       |                  | have on the local infrastructure.        |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !   | > 57              | **IMPACT ON THE INFRASTRUCTURE**         |
| [](me |                   |                                          |
| dia/i | *Total Topic:*    |                                          |
| mage1 |                   |                                          |
| 1.wmf | *15 minutes*      |                                          |
| ){wid |                   |                                          |
| th="0 | *Participant      |                                          |
| .6118 | Hand-book, page   |                                          |
| 05555 | PH I-19.*         |                                          |
| 55555 |                   |                                          |
| 56in" |                   |                                          |
| >     |                   |                                          |
| heigh |                   |                                          |
| t="0. |                   |                                          |
| 44791 |                   |                                          |
| 66666 |                   |                                          |
| 66666 |                   |                                          |
| 7in"} |                   |                                          |
| >     |                   |                                          |
| > 56  |                   |                                          |
|       |                   |                                          |
| ![](m |                   |                                          |
| edia/ |                   |                                          |
| image |                   |                                          |
| 8.wmf |                   |                                          |
| ){wid |                   |                                          |
| th="0 |                   |                                          |
| .5777 |                   |                                          |
| 77777 |                   |                                          |
| 77777 |                   |                                          |
| 77in" |                   |                                          |
| h     |                   |                                          |
| eight |                   |                                          |
| ="0.3 |                   |                                          |
| 98611 |                   |                                          |
| 11111 |                   |                                          |
| 11111 |                   |                                          |
| 4in"} |                   |                                          |
+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
  **?** *Discussion question.*  Ask the participants how many have been
                               caught in a \[insert the type of event
                               that is most common for your area\]. Ask
                               what types of problems they experienced
                               with such things as their utilities and
                               transportation.

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Participant     |  Refer the participants to the chart    |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  | showing effects on the infrastructure in |
| a/imag | PH I-20.*        | their Participant Hand-books. Summarize  |
| e8.wmf |                  | the participants' responses to the       |
| ){widt |                  | discussion question by listing some of   |
| h="0.6 |                  | the effects on the infrastructure:       |
| 451388 |                  |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 889in" |                  |                                          |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.445 |                  |                                          |
| 138888 |                  |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 86in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 58   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![]  | *Slide 1.47*     | • Transportation:                        |
| (media |                  |                                          |
| /image |                  | \- Inability to get emergency service    |
| 7.wmf) |                  | personnel into the affected area.        |
| {width |                  |                                          |
| ="0.60 |                  | \- Inability to transport victims away   |
| 625in" |                  | from the area.                           |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.44 |                  |                                          |
| 791666 |                  |                                          |
| 666666 |                  |                                          |
| 67in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 59   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Slide 1.48*      | • Utilities:                             |
| ![](m |                   |                                          |
| edia/ |                   | \- Loss of utilities.                    |
| image |                   |                                          |
| 7.wmf |                   | \- Increased risk of fire and electric   |
| ){wid |                   | shock.                                   |
| th="0 |                   |                                          |
| .5645 |                   | \- Possible disruption of transportation |
| 83333 |                   | system if downed lines are across roads. |
| 33333 |                   |                                          |
| 33in" |                   | \- Loss of contact between victims and   |
| > h   |                   | service providers.                       |
| eight |                   |                                          |
| ="0.4 |                   | \- Inadequate water supply for           |
| 15972 |                   | firefighting.                            |
| 22222 |                   |                                          |
| 22222 |                   | \- Increased risk to public health if    |
| 4in"} |                   | there is extensive damage to the water   |
| >     |                   | supply or if it becomes contaminated.    |
| > 60  |                   |                                          |
+-------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                 | **IMPACT ON THE INFRASTRUCTURE**         |
|        |                 | (Continued)                              |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Slide 1.49*    | • Fuel supplies:                         |
| ![](me |                 |                                          |
| dia/im |                 | \- Increased risk of fire or explosion   |
| age5.e |                 | from ruptured fuel lines.                |
| mf){wi |                 |                                          |
| dth="0 |                 | \- Risk of asphyxiation from natural gas |
| .65in" |                 | leaks in confined areas.                 |
| > h    |                 |                                          |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.495 |                 |                                          |
| 833333 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 35in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 61   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| >      | *Participant    |  Draw the correlation that each         |
| ![](me | Hand-book, page | instance of damage to the infrastructure |
| dia/im | PH I-20.*       | may severely restrict the abilities of   |
| age4.e |                 | police, fire, and paramedic services     |
| mf){wi |                 | following a disaster. Refer the          |
| dth="0 |                 | participants to the chart showing        |
| .65in" |                 | effects on emergency services in their   |
| >      |                 | Participant Handbooks.                   |
| height |                 |                                          |
| ="0.44 |                 |  Point out that, because emergency      |
| 861111 |                 | services are likely to have inadequate   |
| 111111 |                 | resources to meet the public's needs,    |
| 11in"} |                 | those resources must be applied          |
| >      |                 | according to the highest priority need.  |
| > 62   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Slide 1.50*    | • Police will address incidences of      |
| ](medi |                 | grave public safety.                     |
| a/imag |                 |                                          |
| e7.wmf |                 |                                          |
| ){widt |                 |                                          |
| h="0.5 |                 |                                          |
| 645833 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 333in" |                 |                                          |
| > h    |                 |                                          |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.415 |                 |                                          |
| 972222 |                 |                                          |
| 222222 |                 |                                          |
| 24in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 63   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Slide 1.51*    | • Firefighters will suppress *major*     |
| ](medi |                 | fires.                                   |
| a/imag |                 |                                          |
| e7.wmf |                 |                                          |
| ){widt |                 |                                          |
| h="0.5 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 333in" |                 |                                          |
| > h    |                 |                                          |
| eight= |                 |                                          |
| "0.391 |                 |                                          |
| 666666 |                 |                                          |
| 666666 |                 |                                          |
| 66in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 64   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | • Paramedics will handle                 |
|                           | *life-threatening* injuries. (Stress,    |
|                           | however, that CERTs will also handle     |
|                           | life-threatening injuries until          |
|                           | paramedic units become available.)       |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | Lower priority needs may have to be met  |
|                           | in other ways.                           |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Ask the participants if anyone has any |
|                           | questions about the ways in which the    |
|                           | local infrastructure may be affected     |
|                           | after a disaster.                        |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **?** *Discussion         |  Pose a "what if . . ." question about  |
| question.*                | the potential impact of specific routes  |
|                           | in your community becoming impassable.   |
|                           | Example: "Assume that the overpass at    |
|                           | (specify an intersection) has collapsed  |
|                           | and (specify a segment of highway) is    |
|                           | under water. How will this situation     |
|                           | affect response to a disaster in the     |
|                           | downtown area?"                          |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Stress that there are ways to help     |
|                           | reduce the risk of damage and injury     |
|                           | from a disaster. Two things that the     |
|                           | participants can do are:                 |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Know what types of damage to expect in |
|                           | certain types of structures.             |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Take steps in advance that will help   |
|                           | to reduce the damage.                    |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | The next section will address structural |
|                           | and nonstructural hazard mitigation at   |
|                           | home, in the office, and in the          |
|                           | community.                               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

**YOUR NOTES:**

+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| > !   | *Total Topic:*  | **STRUCTURAL AND NONSTRUCTURAL HAZARDS**  |
| [](me |                 |                                           |
| dia/i | *15 minutes*    |                                           |
| mage1 |                 |                                           |
| .emf) | *Participant    |                                           |
| {widt | Hand-book, page |                                           |
| h="0. | PH I-22.*       |                                           |
| 65in" |                 |                                           |
| >     |                 |                                           |
|  heig |                 |                                           |
| ht="0 |                 |                                           |
| .4687 |                 |                                           |
| 5in"} |                 |                                           |
| >     |                 |                                           |
| > 65  |                 |                                           |
|       |                 |                                           |
| ![](m |                 |                                           |
| edia/ |                 |                                           |
| image |                 |                                           |
| 8.wmf |                 |                                           |
| ){wid |                 |                                           |
| th="0 |                 |                                           |
| .5909 |                 |                                           |
| 72222 |                 |                                           |
| 22222 |                 |                                           |
| 22in" |                 |                                           |
| heigh |                 |                                           |
| t="0. |                 |                                           |
| 40763 |                 |                                           |
| 88888 |                 |                                           |
| 88888 |                 |                                           |
| 9in"} |                 |                                           |
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| **?** *Discussion        |  Ask the participants how many know how  |
| question.*               | to bind a hot-water tank.                 |
|                          |                                           |
|                          |  Point out that water tanks should be    |
|                          | strapped 1/3 from the top and 1/3 from    |
|                          | the bottom of the tank. The straps should |
|                          | cross in the back and fasten into wall    |
|                          | studs.                                    |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| *Tell |                 |  Ask the participants how many know      |
| the   |                 | where their utility shutoffs are and how  |
| group |                 | to shut off their utilities.              |
| that  |                 |                                           |
| they  |                 |  Use the participants' responses to      |
| will  |                 | introduce the term *hazard mitigation.*   |
| be    |                 | Tell them that binding a hot-water tank   |
| lea   |                 | is one way to reduce---or *mitigate*---a  |
| rning |                 | hazard in advance of a disaster. Shutting |
| about |                 | off utilities is one way to mitigate a    |
| these |                 | hazard immediately after a disaster.      |
| and   |                 |                                           |
| other |                 |  Explain that the hazard mitigation      |
| s     |                 | steps that one should take before and     |
| afety |                 | immediately after a disaster depend on    |
| mea   |                 | the type of structure. This topic will    |
| sures |                 | deal with types of structures and the     |
| in    |                 | hazards related to each. Safety           |
| the   |                 | precautions, including hazard mitigation  |
| next  |                 | for structural and nonstructural hazards, |
| few   |                 | will be covered next.                     |
| secti |                 |                                           |
| ons.* |                 |                                           |
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Participant    | **HAZARDS RELATED TO STRUCTURE TYPE**     |
| ![](m | Hand-book, page |                                           |
| edia/ | PH I-22.*       |                                           |
| image |                 |                                           |
| 8.wmf |                 |                                           |
| ){wid |                 |                                           |
| th="0 |                 |                                           |
| .5909 |                 |                                           |
| 72222 |                 |                                           |
| 22222 |                 |                                           |
| 22in" |                 |                                           |
| >     |                 |                                           |
| heigh |                 |                                           |
| t="0. |                 |                                           |
| 40763 |                 |                                           |
| 88888 |                 |                                           |
| 88888 |                 |                                           |
| 9in"} |                 |                                           |
| >     |                 |                                           |
| > 66  |                 |                                           |
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
|       |                 | -   Remind the participants that they     |
|       |                 |     might not have an opportunity to      |
|       |                 |     select the type of structure they are |
|       |                 |     in when disaster strikes. It is       |
|       |                 |     important to know what type of damage |
|       |                 |     to expect from the main types of      |
|       |                 |     structures in the community.          |
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
|       |                 | **HAZARDS RELATED TO STRUCTURE TYPE**     |
|       |                 | (Continued)                               |
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| *Do   |                 |  Tell the participants that engineered   |
| not   |                 | buildings, such as most high-rise         |
| cover |                 | buildings, have performed well in most    |
| high  |                 | types of disasters. Stress that older     |
| -rise |                 | high-rise buildings, however, are more    |
| s     |                 | susceptible to damage from:               |
| truct |                 |                                           |
| ures* |                 | • Broken glass                            |
|       |                 |                                           |
| *if   |                 | • Falling panels                          |
| none  |                 |                                           |
| are   |                 |                                           |
| lo    |                 |                                           |
| cated |                 |                                           |
| in    |                 |                                           |
| your* |                 |                                           |
|       |                 |                                           |
| *a    |                 |                                           |
| rea.* |                 |                                           |
|       |                 |                                           |
| >     |                 |                                           |
| ![](m |                 |                                           |
| edia/ |                 |                                           |
| image |                 |                                           |
| 7.wmf |                 |                                           |
| ){wid |                 |                                           |
| th="0 |                 |                                           |
| .8256 |                 |                                           |
| 94444 |                 |                                           |
| 44444 |                 |                                           |
| 44in" |                 |                                           |
| >     |                 |                                           |
| heigh |                 |                                           |
| t="0. |                 |                                           |
| 61597 |                 |                                           |
| 22222 |                 |                                           |
| 22222 |                 |                                           |
| 3in"} |                 |                                           |
| >     |                 |                                           |
| > 67  |                 |                                           |
|       |                 |                                           |
| *S    |                 |                                           |
| lides |                 |                                           |
| 1.52  |                 |                                           |
| th    |                 |                                           |
| rough |                 |                                           |
| 1.55* |                 |                                           |
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| **?** |                 |  Ask the participants how many of them   |
| *     |                 | live or work in high-rise apartment       |
| Discu |                 | buildings. Then ask if they know what     |
| ssion |                 | type of damage to expect in those         |
| quest |                 | buildings.                                |
| ion.* |                 |                                           |
|       |                 | If not mentioned by the participants,     |
|       |                 | tell them that damage to apartment        |
|       |                 | buildings depends largely on the age and  |
|       |                 | condition of the structure. The most      |
|       |                 | common damage includes:                   |
|       |                 |                                           |
|       |                 | • Collapsing walkways and stairways.      |
|       |                 |                                           |
|       |                 | • Crumbling cornices and other trim.      |
|       |                 |                                           |
|       |                 | • Broken glass.                           |
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **?** *Discussion         |  Ask the participants how many of them  |
| question.*                | live in single-family homes. Then ask if |
|                           | they know what types of damage to expect |
|                           | in their homes.                          |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | If not mentioned by the group, tell them |
|                           | that age, type of construction, and type |
|                           | of disaster are major factors in         |
|                           | potential damage to detached homes and   |
|                           | garages.                                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|       |                  | **HAZARDS RELATED TO STRUCTURE TYPE**    |
|       |                  | (Continued)                              |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Slide 1.56*     | • Homes built before 1940 generally were |
|  ![]( |                  | not bolted to the foundation, making     |
| media |                  | them subject to being shaken, blown, or  |
| /imag |                  | floated off their foundations.           |
| e7.wm |                  |                                          |
| f){wi |                  | • Older homes constructed of             |
| dth=" |                  | unreinforced brick are less stable than  |
| 0.543 |                  | newer construction.                      |
| 75in" |                  |                                          |
| >     |                  | • Porches without support beams may      |
| heigh |                  | collapse.                                |
| t="0. |                  |                                          |
| 4in"} |                  |  Remind the participants that:          |
| >     |                  |                                          |
| > 68  |                  |                                          |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| >     | *Slide 1.57*     | • Tornado and hurricane damage to single |
| ![](m |                  | homes can range from little damage to    |
| edia/ |                  | total destruction.                       |
| image |                  |                                          |
| 7.wmf |                  | • Following a disaster event, there is   |
| ){wid |                  | potential for further collapse and fire  |
| th="0 |                  | due to ruptured gas lines.               |
| .5333 |                  |                                          |
| 33333 |                  |                                          |
| 33333 |                  |                                          |
| 33in" |                  |                                          |
| > h   |                  |                                          |
| eight |                  |                                          |
| ="0.3 |                  |                                          |
| 91666 |                  |                                          |
| 66666 |                  |                                          |
| 66666 |                  |                                          |
| 6in"} |                  |                                          |
| >     |                  |                                          |
| > 69  |                  |                                          |
+-------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ***?*** *Discussion       |  Ask the participants how many live in  |
| question.*                | mobile homes and if they know what type  |
|                           | of damage they can expect in a disaster. |
| *Do not cover mobile      |                                          |
| homes if none are located | If not mentioned by the group, stress    |
| in your area.*            | that mobile homes are most susceptible   |
|                           | to damage because they are easily        |
| >                         | displaced. When displacement occurs,     |
| ![](media/image7.wmf){wid | structural integrity becomes             |
| th="0.8465277777777778in" | questionable and utility connections are |
| > heigh                   | easily damaged, increasing the risk of   |
| t="0.6236111111111111in"} | fire and electric shock.                 |
| >                         |                                          |
| > 70                      |                                          |
|                           |                                          |
| *Slide 1.58*              |                                          |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  | **HAZARDS RELATED TO STRUCTURE TYPE**    |
|        |                  | (Continued)                              |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !    | *Slides 1.59 and |  Point out that malls, sports arenas,   |
| [](med | 1.60*            | airports, places of worship, and other   |
| ia/ima |                  | places where people may gather also may  |
| ge7.wm | *Insert examples | pose hazards in some types of disasters. |
| f){wid | of specific      | For example:                             |
| th="0. | structures in    |                                          |
| 575in" | your area.*      |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.42 |                  |                                          |
| 361111 |                  |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 71   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Slide 1.61*    | • Strip shopping centers pose a threat   |
| ](medi |                 | from collapse and broken glass.          |
| a/imag |                 |                                          |
| e7.wmf |                 | • Warehouse-type structures may also     |
| ){widt |                 | collapse.                                |
| h="0.5 |                 |                                          |
| 854166 |                 |  Add that there is also risk in all     |
| 666666 |                 | types of structures from nonstructural   |
| 667in" |                 | hazards.                                 |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| height |                 |                                          |
| ="0.43 |                 |                                          |
| 958333 |                 |                                          |
| 333333 |                 |                                          |
| 33in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 72   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Participant    | **NONSTRUCTURAL HAZARDS**                |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page |                                          |
| a/imag | PH I-23.*       |                                          |
| e8.wmf |                 |                                          |
| ){widt |                 |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                 |                                          |
| 048611 |                 |                                          |
| 111111 |                 |                                          |
| 111in" |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| height |                 |                                          |
| ="0.41 |                 |                                          |
| 736111 |                 |                                          |
| 111111 |                 |                                          |
| 11in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 |                                          |
| > 73   |                 |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

  --------------------------- -------------------------------------------
  **?** *Discussion            Ask the participants how many of them
  question.*                  have hazards in their own homes or
                              workplaces.

  --------------------------- -------------------------------------------

+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![]  | *Slides 1.62    | If not mentioned by the group, stress    |
| (media | through 1.64*   | that everyone has hazards in their homes |
| /image |                 | or workplaces. Fixtures and items within |
| 7.wmf) |                 | a home, garage, or workplace can pose a  |
| {width |                 | hazard during or after a disaster event. |
| ="0.60 |                 | Some of the hazards include:             |
| 625in" |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 | • Gas line ruptures from water heaters   |
| height |                 | or ranges displaced by shock or water.   |
| ="0.44 |                 |                                          |
| 791666 |                 | • Damage from falling books, dishes, or  |
| 666666 |                 | other cabinet contents.                  |
| 67in"} |                 |                                          |
| >      |                 | • Risk of injury or electric shock from  |
| > 74   |                 | displaced appliances and office          |
|        |                 | equipment.                               |
|        |                 |                                          |
|        |                 | • Hazardous products within reach of     |
|        |                 | children.                                |
+--------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Ask the participants if they have any  |
|                           | questions about structural and           |
|                           | nonstructural hazards.                   |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Emphasize that there are several       |
|                           | relatively simple measures that          |
|                           | individuals can take to alleviate many   |
|                           | home and workplace hazards. Disaster     |
|                           | hazard mitigation will be addressed      |
|                           | next.                                    |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

**YOUR NOTES:**