***Risk Management Document: Shelled Garden Peas, Pisum sativum L., from
Kenya***

The pest risk assessment (PRA) document, *Importation of Garden Peas,
Shelled (Pisum sativum L)., from Kenya into the Continental United
States* determined that 13 pests of quarantine significance attack
garden peas (*P. sativum*) in Kenya. The assessment further determined
that none of the 13 quarantine significant pests identified may be
reasonably expected to follow the pathway of shelled garden peas
shipments from Kenya. As a result of these findings, the 13 pests of
quarantine significance were listed as **not** following the pathway
and, therefore, were **not** analyzed further. These pests are:

• *Callosobruchus analis* (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

• *Callosobruchus chinensis* (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

• *Callosobruchus maculates* (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

• *Callosobruchus phaseoli* (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

• *Crocidosema aporema* (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

• *Diabolocatantops axillaris* (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

• *Helicoverpa armigera* (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

• *Lampides boeticus* (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

• *Leucinodes orbonalis* (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

• *Maruca vitrata* (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

• *Spodoptera littoralis* (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

• *Thrips flavus* (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

• *Thysanoplusia orichalcea* (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The PRA found that the risk of pest introduction is low because only
washed shelled peas, without pods, will be shipped. The analysis takes
into account the post-harvest procedures of the removal of the seeds
from the pod. Removal from the pod exposes most larval pests that may
feed inside the pod on the seeds. The analysis also took into account
the post-harvest procedure of washing the shelled peas in water
containing 50 ppm chlorine, which would further aid in removing insects
feeding on individual peas. It was determined that the quarantine
significant pests would not follow the pathway because of the
post-harvest processing described in this document. The quarantine
significant pests would not reasonably be able to follow the pathway as
a result of the post-harvest processing practices described in the PRA.
To ensure their efficacy, specific post harvest practices must be
maintained as mandatory industry standards and monitored by the NPPO of
Kenya.

The post harvest procedures are as follows:

• The peas are shelled. Shelling removes pests feeding on the pods and
exposes pests that feed on the pea.

• The peas then receive an additional disinfectant wash at 3 to 5^o^ C
and 50 ppm of chlorine. The washing of the shelled peas further aids in
removing insects that might feed on individual peas.

The removal of the seeds from the pod exposes most larval pests that may
feed inside the pod on the seeds. The post-harvest procedure of washing
the shelled peas in water containing 50 ppm chlorine further aids in
removing insects feeding on individual pea.

APHIS requires a phytosanitary certificate be issued by the Kenyan NPPO
for each shipment to assure that the shelled peas are practically free
of pests.

APHIS has determined that given the postharvest packing procedures
described, measures beyond a standard port of entry inspection are not
required to mitigate the plant pest risks of shelled garden peas from
Kenya.

**References:**

USDA. 2006. Importation of Garden Peas, Shelled *Pisum sativum* L., from
Kenya into the Continental United States. Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated
Pest Risk Assessment. USDA, APHIS, CPHST, PERAL, Raleigh, NC.