**Slide 3-1: Module 3 Safe Work Practices**

-   This is the module title slide.

-   Announce the module and move quickly to the next slide.

    **Overview of this module: The table below summarizes the content
    and teaching methods for this module. This is for your reference. Do
    not cover this with the participants.**

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Module 3: Safe Work Practices 1 |                                   |
| hour**                            |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -   High risk practices           | [Key Message]{.underline}: These  |
|                                   | practices are not so different    |
| -   Safe work practices           | from what you already do.         |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   Personal protection           | [Notes]{.underline}: Slides are   |
|                                   | followed by an exercise           |
| -   Control the spread of dust    |                                   |
|                                   | -   Slides: 30 minutes            |
| -   [Activity]{.underline}:       |                                   |
|     Hands-on work practices       | -   Hands-On Exercise: 30 minutes |
|     exercise                      |                                   |
|                                   | [Preparing for this               |
|                                   | module]{.underline}: Prepare a    |
|                                   | list of tasks for participants to |
|                                   | work on and the materials for     |
|                                   | hands-on exercise.                |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | [Materials needed:]{.underline}   |
|                                   | Traditional tools and lead safety |
|                                   | tools listed in the Work Toolkit. |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | [Options]{.underline}: The        |
|                                   | trainer can replace the hands-on  |
|                                   | exercise with a paper-based       |
|                                   | exercise. See Appendix 7 for      |
|                                   | Optional Exercise #3. (The        |
|                                   | trainer must use one of these two |
|                                   | exercises.) The trainer may also  |
|                                   | choose to use the hands-on        |
|                                   | exercise later, as part of a      |
|                                   | comprehensive hands-on exercise   |
|                                   | (as shown in Lesson Plan #2).     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

**Slide 3-2: Module 3 Overview**

-   This module presents the second of the three major steps to lead
    safety. Set-up was the first and cleanup, the third, is covered in
    the next module.

-   This module covers the bulleted list of topics on the slide. Review
    this list with the class participants.

-   **Module objective:** The purpose of this module is to teach safe
    work practices and how to apply them on the job.

-   Mention that you will first explain what safe work practices are and
    then do an exercise where the participants can think about how they
    can apply safe work practices on the job.

-   Emphasize that lead safe work practices are specific practices that
    have been shown to minimize the creation and spread of lead dust.

**Slide 3-3: Typical Lead Dust Creation**

-   This chart illustrates that traditional work practices create large
    amounts of dust. Point out that the chart shows amounts of dust in
    the air measured for three common work practices.

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-   The source of the data for this chart is a study that measured
    amounts of leaded dust in the air caused by each type of work. The
    dust was measured in micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m^3^).

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-   As shown in the chart, the amount of dust created by power and hand
    sanding and demolition is much larger than the amount of airborne
    leaded dust that requires special worker protection measures (also
    known as permissible exposure limit or PEL) under OSHA regulations.
    The OSHA trigger level at which special worker protection measures
    are required is 50 µg/m^3^ (50 micrograms per cubic meter). This is
    a time-weighted average over 8 hours.

**Slide 3-4: High Risk Practices**

This slide lists several practices that are known to create large
amounts of dust and create exposure risks for occupants and workers.
These practices are:

-   Open flame burning or torching

-   Heat gun paint removal above 1,100 degrees F

-   Power sanding, grinding, or abrasive blasting without HEPA vacuum
    attachment (abrasive blasting includes all media: sand, walnuts,
    etc.)

-   Extensive dry scraping or sanding

In addition, it lists paint shipping in a poorly ventilated area. This
is dangerous to worker health.

Highlight that HUD prohibits all of these practices in properties
receiving Federal housing assistance.

Note that the next slide also lists these same practices along with
safer alternatives. Do not attempt to discuss safe work practice
alternatives to these high risk practices. Focus on identifying the high
risk practices and then move on to the next slide.

**Slide 3-5: Safe Work Practice Alternatives to High Risk Practices**

-   This overhead shows the safe work practices that can be used instead
    of traditional practices that are restricted. All of these practices
    are for removing paint, one of the most dust-intensive work
    activities in renovation and repainting.

-   When presenting these practices, it is helpful to show the class
    examples of some of the tools used.

-   [Chemical stripping.]{.underline} Chemical strippers can be
    dangerous -- for example, some caustic strippers cause burns.
    Methylene chloride is a suspected carcinogen. Citrus-based strippers
    are safer.

-   [Wet sanding.]{.underline} Wet/dry sandpaper, sanding grit, and
    sanding blocks can be used with light misting.

-   [Heat gun on low]{.underline}. Point out that the heat gun should be
    set to no more than 1,100°F. Note that newer heat guns don't go
    above 1,100°F.

-   [Power tools with HEPA exhaust filter.]{.underline} These tools are
    attached to a HEPA vacuum by a hose. Later overheads in this module
    will cover using power tools with HEPA attachments.

-   Note: HEPA stands for "high efficiency particulate air" filter. By
    definition, HEPA filters capture 99.97% of particles that are 0.3
    microns or larger in diameter.

-   In practice, contractors will want to choose the safe work practices
    that work best for a particular job.

**Slide 3-6: More Safe Work Practices**

-   Beyond using safe work practices for paint removal, there are
    several other practices that contractors can use to control the
    spread of dust.

-   As you present each of the practices on the overhead, the following
    props illustrate the practice.

-   [Score paint]{.underline}. Hold up utility knife.

-   [Minimize pounding, hammering]{.underline}. Hold up pry bar. Vise
    grips may be useful for pulling out nails. Use large vise grips for
    large nails.

-   [Mist surroundings with water]{.underline}. Hold up mist bottle. A
    light misting, not soaking, is effective.

-   [Mist before drilling and cutting]{.underline}. Worker lightly
    misting piece of painted trim before cutting with a hand saw.

-   [Use shaving cream]{.underline}. Prior to drilling or coring, apply
    shaving cream or foam to the surface.

-   Point out that using power tools on wet surfaces can be dangerous --
    there is a risk of electric shock and blades can slip. Misting
    surfaces should be done only with hand tools. You also should not
    mist around electrical outlets.

-   To facilitate electrical safety participants should use ground fault
    circuit interrupters (GFCIs).

**Slide 3-7: Benefits of Safe Work Practices**

-   This slide lists the advantages of safe work practices for workers
    and contractors.

-   Review each of the reasons listed on the overhead.

-   Emphasize that cleaning is easier if not much dust was generated in
    the first place.

-   Because the EPA requires contractors to give their customers the
    lead information pamphlet, customers may have questions about how
    the work will be done. Contractors that rely on safe work practices
    will have an easier time explaining to their customers exactly how
    they will protect them from lead dust.

-   Note that the pamphlet is in Appendix 4 and information about the
    Pre-Renovation Education Rule is in Appendix 5.

**Slide 3-8: Safe Work Practices Toolkit: Tools, Equipment, and
Supplies**

-   These tools are necessary for most safe work practices. Later slides
    will explain how they are used, and give you a chance to show them
    to training participants.

-   Refer participants to Appendix 2, where the toolkits are listed.

**Slide 3-9: Safe Work Practices Toolkit: Consider Investing in New
Tools**

-   Because many contractors use power tools on the job, it is often not
    possible to mist surfaces with water. It is dangerous and can cause
    electric shock.

-   Contractors should consider investing in power tools with HEPA
    exhaust filter attachments or buying attachments that fit their
    power tools.

-   All of the tools listed here are used to remove paint from large
    surfaces.

-   [Sanders, grinders, planers, and shavers]{.underline} are used on
    wooden surfaces.

-   A [needle gun]{.underline} is used on brick, stone, and metal
    surfaces.

-   [Power washing equipment]{.underline} can be used on many types of
    surfaces. The runoff from power washing needs to be collected and
    disposed of properly. (See the modules on set-up and disposal.)

-   This investment will pay off in the long run because contractors can
    continue to work quickly and contain dust better with these
    attachments and HEPA exhaust filters. It may also be possible to
    rent these tools.

-   Point out that these attachments do not entirely eliminate the dust
    created by the work, so the other precautions, especially during
    set-up, are still important.

**Slide 3-10: Protect Yourself**

-   Workers should take precautions to protect themselves from dust
    hazards on the job.

> **Note:** These are minimal precautions. Employers must follow OSHA
> regulations which may require more extensive worker protection
> measures, especially for high dust jobs.

-   As you talk about the specific worker protection precautions, refer
    to the following slide:

-   [Worker protection]{.underline}. Personal protection equipment:
    painter's hat, coveralls, and N-100 disposable respirator. N-100 is
    a NIOSH rating for respirators that can be used around lead. N-100
    means that the respirator has HEPA filtering capability. The
    disposable N-100 respirator is acceptable for small jobs but under
    some work conditions, OSHA may require another type of respirator.

-   Workers don't need to wear gloves but should wash their hands
    frequently, especially before eating, smoking, and leaving at the
    end of the day.

-   Supervisors can buy extra-large size disposable coveralls and
    re-size them with duct tape. Some coveralls also have hoods to keep
    dust out of hair. The coveralls can be used over again at the same
    job site but should be disposed of at the end of the job.

-   An OSHA course may specify that more involved worker protection
    measures be taken. Some work activities, by their nature, would
    trigger OSHA requirements.

**Slide 3-11: Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) Toolkit**

-   These basic supplies for personal protection are necessary for most
    safe work practices. Later slides will explain how to use them.

-   Disposable towels have many uses on the job -- to clean up small
    messes and dust, and for workers to use to wipe off dust before
    leaving the work site, and for washing before eating, drinking, or
    smoking while at work. (However, eating, drinking, smoking should
    not be done in the work site.)

-   N-100 disposable respirators provide an inexpensive protection.
    These masks are designed for lead work. (Masks rated as N95 are not
    sufficient.) These masks are made with HEPA-rated material and look
    somewhat like a dust mask, are inexpensive, and easy to find in home
    improvement stores. Employers are responsible for following OSHA's
    regulations for worker safety, especially during high dusty jobs
    which may require a more protective type of respirator. Like all
    respirators, the N-100 must be used according to OSHA requirements.

-   The illustration on the left is of an N-100 disposable respirator.

-   Remind participants that Appendix 2 has a toolkit list.

**Slide 3-12: Control the Spread of Dust**

-   This overhead presents some other steps that workers should take to
    control the spread of dust from the work site.

-   Dust can be spread when workers leave the work site to get tools,
    carry away debris, take a break, leave at the end of the day, etc.
    The boundaries of the work site depend on the containment area. For
    example, it may be the area covered by protective sheeting or an
    entire room.

-   Workers can carry dust outside the work area on their shoes and
    clothes. They should always wipe the tops and bottoms of their shoes
    and vacuum their clothes before stepping off of the protective
    sheeting.

-   Workers should take extra precautions when cleaning before leaving
    for home because they can carry dust home to their families on their
    clothes, in their hair, on their bodies, and in their car. Studies
    have been conducted that measure the blood lead levels of worker
    families. These studies confirm that the children of workers do get
    poisoned by leaded dust carried home from work sites.

**Slide 3-13: Cleaning During the Job**

-   By nature, remodeling, repair, and paint jobs create debris which
    can pile up in the work site. Debris should be removed periodically
    to keep it from being a source of dust that can be easily spread by
    work activity and coming and going from the work site. For example,
    paint chips are easily tracked to other parts of the residence. It
    is important to wipe off shoes before stepping off of protective
    sheeting.

-   Cleaning to keep debris and dust under control can be done in stages
    but should be done at least daily.

**Slide 3-14: Discussion**

-   Ask the participants to tell you what the safe work practices are.
    As you hear them, list them on the blank overhead.

-   Possible responses are:

-   Using power tools with HEPA attachments

-   Wet sanding and scraping

-   Cleaning up frequently while the work is in progress

-   Using chemical stripper (without methylene chloride)

-   Scoring before prying

-   Off-site stripping

-   Heat gun on low setting

-   Minimizing pounding

**Slide 3-15: Exercise: Safe Work Practices**

In this exercise, participants will be assigned a task. They will choose
tools needed to complete that task and discuss how they will use each
tool.

In most cases it will not be possible for participants to actually
complete the task but they will talk through all the steps needed to
complete the task and describe the practices they will use. They should
be encouraged to stand up, move around, and actually walk through the
steps, physically demonstrating how they would approach the task\
\
Prepare this exercise in advance:

1.  Have appropriate tools ready, including personal protective
    equipment. Tools to be made available should include: scrapers,
    sandpaper, chemical strippers, misters, personal protective
    equipment, etc. (See the **Safe Work Practices Toolkit** and the
    **PPE Toolkit**.)

2.  Have work assignments ready. Make sure the assignments are
    appropriate to the audience, e.g., if the audience consists of
    painters, concentrate on paint preparation activities. For
    remodelers and renovators, choose common renovation tasks. For
    maintenance personnel, use common repairs. Examples include:

    -   Fix a 4x4 foot piece of water damaged wall

    -   Repaint a door

    -   Change out a window

    -   Rehang a door

    -   Fix deteriorated exterior paint

    -   Fix chipping paint on stairs or floor

3.  Use the **Skills Checklist** in Appendix 9 as a reference of the
    steps the partiocipants should be discussing.

When conducting the exercise:

-   Instruct participants to stay in their groups.

-   Assign each group a task.

-   Tell them to collect the tools and personal protective equipment
    they need.

-   Instruct them to discuss and demonstrate (when possible) as a group,
    how they will do the job and note anything they will do differently
    from their traditional practices.

-   Circulate amongst the groups to make sure they stay on task. Coach
    them if they need help. Use the **Skills Checklist** (in Appendix 9)
    as a reference.

-   Give them a five minute warning. Tell each group to record on a
    piece of paper any special practices or tools they will use.

-   Tell the groups to select a reporter who will report to the class
    how their group would perform the assigned job.

-   At 15 minutes, tell them to stop.

-   Debrief using the next slide.

**Options**

-   If this exercise is not appropriate or feasible for your training,
    consider using Optional Exercise #3 from Appendix 7.

-   You may also choose to perform this exercise as part of a larger
    comprehensive hands-on exercise after Module 5, as described in
    Lesson Plan #2.

**Slide 3-16: Debrief: Safe Work Practices**

Use this slide to debrief the exercise.

-   Talk through the questions listed on the slide.

-   Ask the participants if they have any questions about how or when to
    use and of the tools/methods.

**Slide 3-17: Now You Know**

Use this slide to close out this module and transition to the next.