Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

U.S. Department of Energy

12000 Jefferson Avenue

Newport News, VA 23606

#  {#section .unnumbered}

**JEFFERSON LAB**

**SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT**

**For Calendar Year 2002**

> Prepared by:
>
> SURA/Jefferson Lab
>
> Office of Assessment
>
> EH&S Reporting
>
> August 2003

# JEFFERSON LAB SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT FOR CALENDAR YEAR 2002 {#jefferson-lab-site-environmental-report-for-calendar-year-2002 .unnumbered}

# Executive Summary {#executive-summary .unnumbered}

# Purpose {#purpose .unnumbered}

***T***his report presents the results of environmental activities and
monitoring programs at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator
Facility, known as Jefferson Lab, for calendar year 2002. The objective
of this annual Site Environmental Report is to document Jefferson Lab's
active environmental protection program. The report provides the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) and the public with information on
radioactive and non-radioactive pollutants, if any, added to the
environment as a result of operations at Jefferson Lab. The report also
summarizes environmental programs, initiatives, and assessments that
were undertaken in 2002.

Jefferson Lab's main purpose is to make available a research facility to
support the nuclear physics community and the nation. The Continuous
Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab provides an
electron beam to three experimental halls, where a variety of physics
experiments are conducted. Correlative programs where environmental
protection is also considered are: the Free Electron Laser (FEL);
Superconducting Radiofrequency (SRF) research and development; and,
cryomodule development for the DOE's Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)
project.

# Major Site Programs {#major-site-programs .unnumbered}

[CEBAF]{.underline}: The accelerator continued to deliver polarized
electron beams at energies up to nearly 6 GeV (billion electron volts)
to meet a variety of needs of experimenters in Halls A, B, and C. By the
end of calendar year 2002, Jefferson Lab had completed 66 experiments
and partially completed another 34. Major experiments were conducted in
all three halls during 2002, as well as preparation and logistics work
for large-scale experiments planned for two of the halls during 2003.

A group of Hall A physicists studied strange matter called "kaons" and
how energy becomes matter, while another Hall A collaboration used
photons (light particles) to study the proton's structure. Preparation
work was underway for two large magnet systems scheduled for
experimental use in Hall A during 2003, namely the septum magnet and a
magnet dubbed "BigBite".

Results from earlier research into the shape of the proton (conducted in
Hall A) were reported in popular publications like *USA Today* and *The
New York Times*. Experimental data indicate that the proton isn't
necessarily round - it can take on a variety of shapes such as a peanut,
egg or even a football.

An experiment in Hall C studied the spin-structure functions of
nucleons - precisely how quarks arrange themselves to form protons and
neutrons - and in turn make up all matter. The research is helping to
determine why quarks are bound up in nucleons and not free-floating
particles. Researchers using Hall C during 2001, who measured the charge
distribution of the neutron, published their results. While the
particle's overall charge is neutral, it actually has a positively
charged interior and a negatively charged surface. Hall C collaborators
made the most precise measurements ever made of this charge
distribution.

Hall C physicists, engineers, and technicians also readied a large, new
freestanding detector system and electric magnet for an experiment
called "G-Zero". Accelerator scientists made significant adjustments to
CEBAF's electron beam for this experiment, which is designed to quantify
the lightest of the six types of quarks - the elusive strange quark.

Hall B delved into the resonance levels of the neutron, comparing the
properties of fast and slow moving neutrons.

During 2002, analysis, research, and development work continued on the
proposed upgrade of Jefferson Lab's accelerator to 12 GeV. This upgrade
in electron beam energy levels would also include the building of a
fourth experimental hall, which would be named Hall D. In the DOE and
National Science Foundation's jointly published April 2002 Long-Range
Plan "Opportunities in Nuclear Science", the Nuclear Science Advisory
Committee rated Jefferson Lab's upgrade as one of the science programs
it most highly endorses, supports, and recommends.

[FEL]{.underline}: By year's end, work neared completion on the upgrade
to Jefferson Lab's Free Electron Laser. The first machine, the Infrared
(IR) Demo FEL, was shutdown November 18, 2001, and decommissioned to
make way for the major upgrade project. At that time it was a 1,000 watt
(kilowatt) level light source with output in both the IR and ultraviolet
(UV) wavelengths. Once the upgrade is complete in 2003, the machine will
be able to produce more than 10,000 watts of IR light and 1,000 watt
levels of UV light. The FEL supports basic science research and serves
universities, private industry, NASA, the U.S. Navy, and the U.S. Air
Force. Before shutting down in 2001, FEL experiments included:
investigation into the production of coatings and thin films for
electronics and microcomponents, and production of carbon nanotubes.

[SNS]{.underline}: The Spallation Neutron Source project involves a team
of six Federal laboratories including - Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence
Berkeley, Los Alamos, Jefferson Lab, and Oak Ridge - assisting in the
design, engineering, and construction of the \$1 billion-plus SNS being
built in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Once operational, it will provide the
most intense pulsed-neutron beams in the world for scientific research
and industrial development.

Jefferson Lab built the prototype SNS cryomodule during 2002 and
provided extensive expertise, guidance, and production effort in
developing the SNS refrigeration plant. After testing the 19-foot-long,
five ton prototype cryomodule, it was loaded onto a flatbed semi for a
trial road trip to ensure the rigors of travel wouldn't damage the
extremely sophisticated and sensitive mechanisms within the cryomodule.
After a final round of tests ensured its road-worthiness, the cryomodule
was delivered to Oak Ridge, and Jefferson Lab's cryomodule production
line moved into high gear.

By year's end, work on several cryomodules was well underway in
Jefferson Lab's cryomodule assembly area. The Lab will produce 23
cryomodules for the SNS.

**The *E* in Environment, Health, and Safety (EH&S)**

[Organization and Management]{.underline}: Ultimate responsibility for
protection of the environment and public health rests with the Lab
Director, while line management implements the goals within their areas
of responsibility. EH&S staff provide support to their line management
and share their expertise with the Lab as a whole.

[Integrated Safety Management (ISM) System]{.underline}: Through ISM,
Jefferson Lab incorporates EH&S requirements into all work procedures,
striving towards continuous improvement in EH&S and in the nuclear
physics research program.

[Jefferson Lab Work Smart Standards (WSS) Process]{.underline}: The goal
of the WSS process at Jefferson Lab is to enable an EH&S system that is
both effective and cost-efficient. The WSS Set, identified through the
process, is comprised of the laws, regulations, and standards necessary
and sufficient to ensure worker and public health and safety, and to
protect the environment with respect to hazard issues that are relevant
to Jefferson Lab. The WSS Set and other associated obligations are
reviewed and adjusted on a regular basis to address changes in either
site activities or regulations. Compliance information is provided in
Section 2.

[EH&S Performance Measures]{.underline}: The DOE/SURA (Southeastern
Universities Research Association, Inc.) contract-based measures, used
to evaluate Jefferson Lab's EH&S performance, include items such as
recycling and hazardous waste minimization. These are discussed in
Section 2.

[Inspections and Appraisals]{.underline}: The Virginia Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ) and the Hampton Roads Sanitation District
(HRSD) performed inspections in 2002. Section 2 presents the minor
concerns identified in these inspections. Most of the deficiencies
identified during a 2002 ISM review were closed in 2002. The DOE Site
Office's Overlay Report included an "outstanding" rating for SURA in the
EH&S category. These are discussed further in Section 3.

[Implementation of 10 CFR 835]{.underline}: This DOE Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) worker radiation protection rule is enforced at
Jefferson Lab and identified in the WSS Set mentioned above. The
Jefferson Lab Radiation Protection Program Plan is used to implement the
rule on-site, and is revised as identified by the responsible line
management. Compliance is addressed in Section 2.

[Implementation of NEPA]{.underline}: Most facility additions and
modifications are subject to review under the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA). The initial Jefferson Lab construction and an upgrade
to CEBAF were addressed in the 1987 and 1997 Environmental Assessments
(EAs). Some important new buildings were addressed in a 2002 EA. Routine
Lab activities are covered under site-specific Categorical Exclusions
(CXs). New activities that occurred in 2002 received NEPA CX
authorizations. NEPA is discussed further in Section 2.

[Environmental Management System (EMS) Implementation]{.underline}: The
primary objective of ISM is to make safety, health, and environmental
protection a part of routine business at Jefferson Lab. EMS
implementation is addressed through the Lab's ISM System Plan, and is
the subject of the 6700 series of chapters in the Jefferson Lab EH&S
Manual. Chapter 6710, *Environmental Protection Program*, is being
upgraded to clarify management roles regarding the protection of the
environment and public health. Jefferson Lab incorporated some EMS
elements that were to broaden the scope of the ISM System Plan during
fiscal year 2002.

**Summary of Environmental Results in 2002**

**Compliance**

Jefferson Lab complied with applicable Federal, State, and local
environmental laws, regulations, and DOE guidance during 2002. As a
consequence, Jefferson Lab operations had no discernable impact on
public health or the environment. Radiation-related issues, especially
those dealing with water resources and public health, are highlighted in
this report. The Jefferson Lab EH&S Manual, which addresses many
environmental topics, was updated to ensure that new compliance
initiatives were incorporated in 2002.

**Radiological Monitoring**

[Water]{.underline}: Radiation measurements are made at the groundwater
dewatering sump and groundwater monitoring wells located near the CEBAF
accelerator and the experimental halls. Sampling intervals vary from
quarterly to annually. There were no readings above background in 2002.
Note that gross beta was detected, but at normal background levels.
Therefore, no accelerator-produced radionuclides were present in our
groundwater.

Radioactive water is generated inside the underground accelerator
complex and a small quantity is discharged under permit to the sanitary
sewer system. Sampling is routinely performed prior to any discharge to
ensure permit limits are maintained. Sampling results are reported both
monthly and quarterly.

[Airborne]{.underline}: Radiological airborne emissions at the site
boundary are addressed under the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs)
requirements. Jefferson Lab is below emission levels that trigger
monitoring or reporting, but continuous measurements are made to verify
emission calculations. Though not required, calendar year 2002 values
were reported to the EPA. One result reported to the EPA for 2002 was
that the estimated total maximum offsite dose from radiological airborne
releases was 0.011 millirem/year (mrem/yr). This amount is insignificant
when compared to the EPA regulatory public air-dose limit of 10 mrem/yr,
which is the amount of exposure that is comparable to one typical chest
x‑ray.

The accelerator site boundary monitors are used to determine offsite
direct radiation dose to the public due to Jefferson Lab operations. The
dose values for 2002 were within Jefferson Lab's allowable limits - the
highest direct radiation level measured was only 7% of the DOE annual
dose limit of 100 mrem.

Since these doses are well under any regulatory or site administrative
limits, there are no impacts on the public from any of these radiation
sources. A complete discussion is provided in Section 4.

**Non-radiological Monitoring**

Jefferson Lab's non-radiological environmental monitoring program also
verified compliance with applicable environmental program requirements.
The program included quarterly industrial wastewater monitoring,
groundwater sampling at the dewatering sump and at some of the
monitoring wells, and cooling water discharge sampling.

**Items of Interest in 2002**

Highlights in Jefferson Lab's environmental protection and pollution
prevention program included:

-   Recycling of about 1,000 pounds of fluorescent lamps and about
    14,600 pounds of used oil/coolant;

-   Going from two to eleven fully-functioning office product recycling
    centers;

-   Maintaining a top rating in the Lab's performance measure that
    addresses recycling compared to disposing of waste in a landfill;

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-   Improving performance in the procurement of EPA-designated
    recycled-content products, 87% purchased in fiscal year 2002, an
    improvement over 2001 figures; and,

-   Successfully accomplishing the site's second shipment of low-level
    radioactive waste.

# TABLE OF CONTENTS {#table-of-contents .unnumbered}

> Executive Summary i
>
> TABLE OF CONTENTS v
>
> SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION [1](#section-1-introduction)
>
> 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT [1](#purpose-of-this-report)
>
> 1.2 JEFFERSON LABORATORY MISSION [1](#jefferson-laboratory-mission)
>
> 1.3 OPERATIONS [2](#operations)
>
> 1.4 HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION [2](#history-and-description)
>
> 1.5 LOCATION [3](#location)
>
> 1.6 CLIMATE AND DEMOGRAPHICS [3](#climate-and-demographics)
>
> 1.7 FACILITIES AND 2002 ACTIVITIES
> [6](#facilities-and-2002-activities)
>
> 1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW [7](#environmental-review)
>
> 1.9 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES [8](#ecological-resources)
>
> 1.10 SITE EH&S RESOURCES [8](#site-ehs-resources)
>
> SECTION 2 COMPLIANCE SUMMARY [9](#compliance-summary)
>
> 2.1 INTRODUCTION [9](#introduction)
>
> 2.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT [9](#waste-management)
>
> 2.3 RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
> [12](#radiological-protection-requirements)
>
> 2.4 AIR QUALITY AND PROTECTION Standards
> [13](#air-quality-and-protection-standards)
>
> 2.5 WATER QUALITY AND PROTECTION [16](#water-quality-and-protection)
>
> 2.6 PUBLIC HEALTH [19](#public-health)
>
> 2.7 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS [19](#other-environmental-standards)
>
> 2.8 EXECUTIVE ORDERS AND POLLUTION PREVENTION (P2)
> [22](#executive-orders-and-pollution-prevention-p2)
>
> 2.9 OTHER OBLIGATIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE CONTRACT
> [27](#other-obligations-identified-in-the-contract)
>
> 2.10 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ACTIONS OF INTEREST
> [29](#other-environmental-issues-and-actions-of-interest)
>
> 2.11 RELEASE REPORTING [29](#release-reporting)
>
> 2.12 PERMIT SUMMARY [29](#permit-summary)
>
> SECTION 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM
> [29](#environmental-protection-program)
>
> 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
> [30](#environmental-management-system)
>
> 3.2 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS [31](#major-environmental-programs)
>
> 3.3 APPRAISALS, ASSESSMENTS, AND INSPECTIONS
> [37](#appraisals-assessments-and-inspections)
>
> 3.4 NEPA ACTIVITY [38](#nepa-activity)
>
> 3.5 SUMMARY OF OTHER SIGNIFICANT SITE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES
> [38](#summary-of-other-significant-site-environmental-activities)
>
> SECTION 4 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL PROGRAM
> [42](#environmental-radiological-program)
>
> 4.1 SITE INFORMATION [43](#site-information)
>
> 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING
> [43](#environmental-radiation-monitoring)
>
> 4.3 AIRBORNE AND WATERBORNE RADIOACTIVITY
> [44](#airborne-and-waterborne-radioactivity)
>
> 4.4 ACCELERATOR-PRODUCED DIRECT RADIATION
> [50](#accelerator-produced-direct-radiation)
>
> 4.5 ASSESSMENTS OF POTENTIAL RADIATION DOSE TO THE PUBLIC AND TO BIOTA
> [50](#assessments-of-potential-radiation-dose-to-the-public-and-to-biota)
>
> 4.6 OTHER SUPPORT ACTIVITIES [52](#other-support-activities)
>
> SECTION 5 ENVIRONMENTAL NON-RADIOLOGICAL PROGRAM
> [52](#section-5-environmental-non-radiological-program)
>
> 5.1 WATER PROGRAMS [52](#water-programs)
>
> 5.2 CONVENTIONAL AIR EMISSIONS [57](#conventional-air-emissions)
>
> 5.3 SAFETY [58](#safety)
>
> SECTION 6 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION
> [59](#section-6-groundwater-protection)
>
> 6.1 INTRODUCTION [59](#introduction-1)
>
> 6.2 HYDROGEOLOGY ISSUES [59](#hydrogeology-issues)
>
> 6.3 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION PROGRAM SUMMARY
> [60](#groundwater-protection-program-summary)
>
> 6.4 GROUNDWATER MONITORING REVIEW [62](#groundwater-monitoring-review)
>
> SECTION 7 QUALITY ASSURANCE [62](#section-7-quality-assurance)
>
> 7.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE IN SAMPLING PROCEDURES
> [63](#quality-assurance-in-sampling-procedures)
>
> 7.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE IN ANALYSIS [63](#quality-assurance-in-analysis)
>
> SECTION 8 REFERENCES [69](#references)
>
> SECTION 9 DISTRIBUTION LIST [70](#section-9-distribution-list)

Exhibits

> Exhibit 1-1 Jefferson Lab Vicinity Plan
> [4](#__RefHeading___Toc47490770)
>
> Exhibit 1-2 Site Plan [5](#__RefHeading___Toc47490771)
>
> Exhibit 2-1 EPCRA Reporting Status [24](#__RefHeading___Toc47490772)
>
> Exhibit 2-2 Chemicals Reported for 2002
> [25](#__RefHeading___Toc47490773)
>
> Exhibit 2-3 Targets and Progress Projections
> [28](#__RefHeading___Toc47490774)
>
> Exhibit 2-4 Contract Performance Measure Results
> [29](#__RefHeading___Toc47490775)
>
> Exhibit 2-5 Jefferson Lab Permits [30](#__RefHeading___Toc47490776)
>
> Exhibit 3-1 Recycling Center Locations and Items Collected in 2002
> [40](#__RefHeading___Toc47490778)
>
> Exhibit 3-2 Quantities of Items Recycled or Reused in FY 2002
> [41](#__RefHeading___Toc47490779)
>
> Exhibit 4-1 Jefferson Lab Radiological Dose Reporting Table for CY
> 2002 [43](#__RefHeading___Toc47490780)
>
> Exhibit 4-2 Jefferson Lab Radiological Atmospheric Releases for 2002
> [43](#__RefHeading___Toc47490781)
>
> Exhibit 4-3 Jefferson Lab Liquid Effluent Releases of Radioactive
> Material for 2002 [43](#__RefHeading___Toc47490782)
>
> Exhibit 4-4 Nuclide Effective Dose Equivalent Summary
> [45](#__RefHeading___Toc47490783)
>
> Exhibit 4-5 Monitoring Well Locations
> [47](#__RefHeading___Toc47490784)
>
> Exhibit 4-6 Groundwater Sampling Parameters
> [48](#__RefHeading___Toc47490785)
>
> Exhibit 4-7 VPDES Permit Levels for Radionuclides\*
> [48](#__RefHeading___Toc47490786)
>
> Exhibit 4-8 Maximum Groundwater Measurements for Radionuclides\*
> [49](#refheading___toc47490787)
>
> Exhibit 4-9 Analytical Results for Discharges to HRSD in 2002
> [49](#refheading___toc47490788)
>
> Exhibit 4-10 Boundary Monitor Locations
> [51](#__RefHeading___Toc47490789)
>
> Exhibit 4-11 Radiation Boundary Monitor RBM-3 Results for 2002
> [51](#__RefHeading___Toc47490790)
>
> Exhibit 5-1 2002 Flow Information at the Dewatering Discharge
> [53](#__RefHeading___Toc47490791)
>
> Exhibit 5-2 Range of 2002 Non-Radiological Monitoring Results at Wells
> [54](#__RefHeading___Toc47490792)
>
> Exhibit 5-3 2002 Permit-Related Non-Radiological Monitoring Parameters
> at Outfall 001 [54](#__RefHeading___Toc47490793)
>
> Exhibit 5-4 2002 Cooling Water Monitoring Parameters at Outfalls 001
> and 002 [55](#__RefHeading___Toc47490794)
>
> Exhibit 5-5 pH Sampling Results for Wastewater Discharge
> [56](#__RefHeading___Toc47490795)
>
> Exhibit 5-6 Control Chemicals and Products Approved for Use in 2002
> [57](#__RefHeading___Toc47490796)
>
> Exhibit 5-7 Jefferson Lab Air Emission Source for Calendar Year 2002
> [58](#__RefHeading___Toc47490797)
>
> Exhibit 7-1 Quality Assurance Program (QAP 56) Selected Results for
> 2002 [65](#__RefHeading___Toc47490798)
>
> Exhibit 7-2 Quality Assurance Program (QAP 57) Selected Results for
> 2002 [66](#__RefHeading___Toc47490799)
>
> Exhibit 7-3 ERA QA Program Average Parameter Results for 2002
> [67](#__RefHeading___Toc47490800)
>
> Exhibit 7-4 Selected Results from Universal Laboratories Performance
> Evaluation Reports NSI Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program Study
> WP-075 [68](#__RefHeading___Toc47490801)
>
> Exhibit C1 Federal Laws and Regulations Included in the WSS Set
> C-[1](#__RefHeading___Toc47490803)
>
> Exhibit C2 Permits, State Laws, and Regulations Included in the WSS
> Set C-[3](#__RefHeading___Toc47490805)
>
> Exhibit C3 Other Standards Identified in the WSS Set
> C-[4](#__RefHeading___Toc47490806)

Appendices

> APPENDIX A ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS
> A-[1](#__RefHeading___Toc47492224)
>
> APPENDIX B TECHNICAL TERMS B-1
>
> APPENDIX C APPLICABLE SITE STANDARDS
> C-[1](#__RefHeading___Toc47492230)

# SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION {#section-1-introduction .unnumbered}

## 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT {#purpose-of-this-report .unnumbered}

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) requires its facilities, Thomas
Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF or Jefferson Lab) being
one, to establish and annually report on environmental programs and
performance.

This document marks the tenth year that Jefferson Lab has been preparing
an annual Site Environmental Report (SER). This SER addresses the status
and results of the Lab\'s environmental protection (EP) program, which
also addresses public health items, for calendar year (CY) 2002. The SER
is prepared in accordance with DOE guidance. SERs inform Jefferson Lab
staff, DOE, regulators, and the public, and provide a historical record
of the environmental condition of the site.

Addressed within Section 2 is the Lab\'s compliance status with
applicable requirements, standards, and contractual commitments. Section
3 summarizes the site\'s major EP-related programs. Sections 4 and 5
address the active site radiological and non-radiological monitoring
programs. Section 6 presents information about the site\'s groundwater
protection program and Section 7 describes how Jefferson Lab ensures
that the data used to monitor environmental conditions are of high
quality and accuracy. The appendices include acronyms and abbreviations,
technical terms used herein, and applicable laws and regulations.

EP is an integral element of the Lab\'s Integrated Safety Management
(ISM) program. Note that the term \"safety\", in the ISM program,
includes EP, public health, and worker safety and health, all of which
are generally termed EH&S.

The SER is available in a downloadable pdf file. Look for this CY 2002
SER under \'Safe and Secure First\' on the Jefferson Lab web page at
**[http://www.jlab.org](http://www.jlab.org/).**

## 1.2 JEFFERSON LABORATORY MISSION {#jefferson-laboratory-mission .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab, formerly known as CEBAF (Continuous Electron Beam
Accelerator Facility), is a national accelerator facility managed by
SURA (Southeastern Universities Research Association, Inc.) for the DOE.
The accelerator complex portion of the Lab still retains the name CEBAF.
This complex includes an underground electron accelerator, CEBAF, which
is Jefferson Lab\'s primary research tool. CEBAF operates at energies up
to about 6 GeV (billion electron volts) and provides beam to three
underground halls that house the physics program experiments.

The original Jefferson Lab mission evolved from the nuclear science
community's recognition of the need for a state-of-the-art electron
accelerator with a continuous high current electron beam with electron
energies in the multi-billion electron volt region. Since then,
Jefferson Lab has developed a mission statement that addresses quality
and excellence in research, community partnership, and environment,
health, and safety (EH&S).

To accomplish mission-directed activities, the CEBAF accelerator is used
to conduct user driven research into how nucleons are built from quarks
and gluons, and how this structure leads to the standard nucleon-based
picture of the nucleus. Information about other site program areas that
support the Lab\'s mission is noted in Section 1.3.

Jefferson Lab management recognizes that responsible stewardship of the
\$600 million investment in site program areas requires that management
continue to work with a vision that exemplifies a world-class scientific
facility.

The Lab\'s vision is to: a) Foster user-driven nuclear physics research,
b) Leverage resources to support national goals and objectives, c)
Prepare a broadly educated next generation of scientists and engineers,
d) Contribute to public science literacy and appreciation through
community outreach and involvement, e) Maintain and further develop a
world-class workforce, and f) Lead responsibly by conducting
environmentally sound, safe, and secure operations. Lab management has
translated this vision into specific goals, as discussed in the current
version of the Jefferson Lab Institutional Plan.

## 1.3 OPERATIONS {#operations .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab, as built by DOE, is one of four major basic research
facilities in High Energy and Nuclear Physics in the United States.
Jefferson Lab is operated for the DOE by SURA. The most recent DOE/SURA
Contract, No. DE-AC05-84ER40150, became effective on November 1, 1999.

Jefferson Lab, a world-class research institution, attracts resident and
visiting physicists and other scientists. Approximately 635 full-time
physicists, engineers, technicians, and support staff work at Jefferson
Lab. About 2,180 academic and industrial researchers from all over the
world participate in scientific collaborations. By the end of CY 2002,
Jefferson Lab/SURA held 40 patents on specialized processes and
components developed by Lab staff, with an additional 43 patent
applications being processed.

Jefferson Lab\'s annual budget is approximately \$100 million. Most of
this budget directly supports the local economy through wages and
purchases of materials and services, including from local contractors
and businesses. Most full-time staff reside in Newport News or other
nearby communities, thereby supporting the economic health of the area.

There are seven major facilities (program areas) on the DOE site: CEBAF,
a superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) electron accelerator; End
Stations A, B, and C, large halls that house physics experiments that
make use of beams from CEBAF; an SRF facility that serves primarily as a
research and development (R&D) center for SRF accelerator cavities; a
Free Electron Laser (FEL) User Facility that produces laser beams to
serve university, industry, and military users; and, a Lattice QCD
Computer, a 1/4 Teraflop commodity-PC-based machine. Additional
information on the listed facilities that have EP or public health
implications is provided in Section 1.7.

## 1.4 HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION {#history-and-description .unnumbered}

Prior to Jefferson Lab, there were several users of this general area.
In 1942 and 1943, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) acquired most of
the Oyster Point area that included all of the land presently used by
Jefferson Lab. The U.S. Air Force acquired the land in 1950 and
installed a BOMARC missile site on a portion of the land immediately to
the east of the current Jefferson Lab site. The DOD started disposing of
the property after closure of the BOMARC missile base in 1963. Some land
was conveyed to the Commonwealth of Virginia, the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA), and others. In January 1987, ownership
of the 110 acres of NASA property, including 100 acres of wooded,
undeveloped land, was conveyed to the DOE. An additional 52 acres of
land were transferred to the DOE from various sources. At this time, the
total DOE-owned parcel, upon which Jefferson Lab is built, is 163 acres.

An adjacent 44 acres, owned by the city of Newport News, were conveyed
to SURA in December 1986. A SURA residence facility is located on a
portion of this land, and is used by guests and visiting experimenters,
who are referred to as users.

![](media/image1.wmf){width="2.613888888888889in"
height="2.348611111111111in"}

Sign at Main Entrance to Site

Also adjacent to the DOE-owned site is a\
10.7-acre parcel owned by the Commonwealth of Virginia and leased to the
City of Newport News. The Applied Research Center (ARC), is located on
this property, and is used by Jefferson Lab, industry, and universities.
Other adjacent land owned by the Commonwealth of Virginia is leased to
SURA and the DOE for its use in support of Jefferson Lab. This area, the
DOE-owned site, and other nearby properties are considered part of the
City\'s Jefferson Center for Research and Technology.

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="3.0625in" height="2.3819444444444446in"}

Front Entrance to CEBAF Center

## 1.5 LOCATION {#location .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab is located in Newport News, Virginia. Newport News is
bounded on the east by York County and the city of Hampton; on the north
by James City County and the city of Williamsburg; on the west by the
James River; and, on the south by the Hampton Roads waterway. Jefferson
Lab is located just east of Jefferson Avenue, a main area thoroughfare,
and is less than one mile to the west of Interstate 64. The site is just
south of Oyster Point Road and just north of Middle Ground Boulevard.
The Jefferson Lab Vicinity Plan is included as Exhibit 1-1. Two schools,
a cemetery, and railroad tracks serving the local rail system are
located within one mile of the site. Newport News-Williamsburg
International Airport is located two miles to the north. Exhibit 1-2
shows the Jefferson Lab site proper.

Jefferson Lab is sited in the central section of Newport News at an
average elevation of\
35 feet above mean sea level (MSL). The site elevation ranges from 32 to
37 feet above MSL, which is above the 100-year floodplain level of 13
feet above MSL. The Jefferson Lab site is located in the coastal plain
of the lower\
York-James Peninsula. All but a small portion of the site is in the
Brick Kiln Creek watershed, which discharges into the Big Bethel
Reservoir. The U.S. Army operated the Big Bethel Reservoir for part of
2002. The reservoir no longer serves as a drinking water source for Fort
Monroe, Langley Air Force Base, or the NASA-Langley Research Center, but
still remains a recreation area. The westernmost portion of the DOE site
is in the Deep Creek watershed, which discharges into the James River.

## 1.6 CLIMATE AND DEMOGRAPHICS {#climate-and-demographics .unnumbered}

The meteorology of the Jefferson Lab site is strongly affected by the
nearby marine environment. The Chesapeake Bay moderates the climate and
weather of the site, with land-sea breezes dominating the wind patterns
during much of the year. The mean monthly temperature for the Newport
News area

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc47490770 .anchor}Exhibit 1-1\
Jefferson Lab Vicinity Plan

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="6.235416666666667in"
height="8.574305555555556in"}**\
**

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc47490771 .anchor}Exhibit 1-2\
Site Plan

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="6.49375in" height="8.756944444444445in"}

ranges from 4ºC (40ºF) in January to 26ºC (79ºF) in July. The record low
temperature is\
-19ºC (-3ºF) and the record high is 40ºC (105ºF). \[Information is taken
from the International Station Meteorological Climate Summary, Version
4.\]

Normal annual precipitation is 112 cm (44 in.), spread evenly throughout
the year. Extreme precipitation events, caused by hurricanes or tropical
cyclones, have deposited as much as 29 cm (11.5 in.) of rain in a
24-hour period. Average snowfall is 23.1 cm (9.1 in.), but up to 35 cm
(14 in.) has fallen in a month. Because of the proximity to the
Chesapeake Bay, fog is a common occurrence in the area. Severe weather,
in the form of thunderstorms, averages 37 days/year. Tornadoes are rare
in coastal Virginia but may be spawned by severe thunderstorms or when
associated with hurricane or tropical cyclone activity. Hurricanes
average less than one per year in Virginia, but have caused both wind
and flooding damage to the area since colonial times. \[Information is
taken from DOE/EA-1384.\]

The population of Newport News grew steadily between 1980 and 2000. The
2000 census showed that 180,150 people lived inside Newport News versus
144,903 in the 1980 census. The growth rate for that period was 24%.

## 1.7 FACILITIES AND 2002 ACTIVITIES {#facilities-and-2002-activities .unnumbered}

The 163-acre DOE site is primarily divided into two areas, one with R&D,
fabrication, administrative offices, and such, and the second is about a
40-acre fenced area, termed the accelerator site, where all accelerators
and related experiments are housed. It is located in the south portion
of the site, and access is restricted, through one entrance that is
staffed 24-hours/day, to authorized staff or subcontractors, or as
escorted by an authorized person.

The four major Jefferson Lab facilities that have EP or public
health-related implications are CEBAF, its End Stations, the SRF
Facility, and the FEL User Facility. A short description and at least
one note of interest for each is shown below.

[CEBAF:]{.underline} This accelerator provides continuous wave electron
beams with energies from 0.5 to 5.7 GeV. CEBAF is used as a tool for
exploring the transition between the regime where strongly interacting
(nuclear) matter can be understood as bound states of protons and
neutrons, and the regime where the underlying fundamental
quark-and-gluon structure of matter is evident. The nature of this
transition is at the frontier of our understanding of matter.

Improvements in CEBAF operations to support the physics experimental
program continued through the calendar year. These improvements
included:

-   The delivery of electron beams at energies close to 6 GeV to meet
    the variety of needs of the experimenters in Halls A, B, and C.

-   CASA, the Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators, contributed
    to the success of CEBAF by providing simulations and operations
    support during the setup and execution of ongoing experiments.

![](media/image5.jpeg){width="2.826388888888889in"
height="2.6381944444444443in"}

Atomic Structure

[End Stations (Halls A, B, and C):]{.underline} Each hall (or end
station) has its own set of complementary experimental equipment.

-   Hall A has a pair of superconducting, high-resolution magnetic
    spectrometers optimized for precision electron scattering
    coincidence experiments.

-   Hall B houses the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) that
    supports studies of both electron and photon-induced particle
    reactions.

-   Hall C contains a pair of moderate resolution spectrometers, with
    one capable of high momentum particle detection and the second
    optimized for the detection of short-lived reaction products.

In 2002, each of the halls focused on different research areas. Hall A
examined how energy becomes matter. Hall B used CLAS to gather new
insights on several fundamental questions about the neutron. Hall C
researchers took a closer look at matter\'s blueprints with a study of
the spin-structure functions of the proton and neutron, collectively
known as nucleons.

Since the Lab began operations, through the end of 2002, researchers had
completed 66 experiments and partially completed another 34 using all
three halls.

[The SRF Facility]{.underline}: The SRF program is centered in the
Lab\'s Institute for SRF Science and Technology. This Institute\'s
strength is in R&D and large scale applications of SRF, including CEBAF
and the FEL. In addition, design, development, and fabrication of the
SRF niobium cavities for the DOE\'s Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) are
a current focus. Some ongoing work in the ARC also supports development
of state-of-the-art surface science and SRF R&D and production
capability.

Major activities in 2002 involved continued R&D on cavity development,
to support CEBAF and the FEL, and to finalize the design on the SNS
cavities. Jefferson Lab is also providing expertise on the refrigeration
system needed to provide supercooled liquids to the SNS that is being
constructed in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

[FEL User Facility]{.underline}: The FEL is an accelerator that was
initially designed to provide 1,000 watt (1 kW) of infrared (IR) light
with picosecond pulse length for use by Jefferson Lab, industrial, DOD,
and university partners. This demo machine was shutdown in November 2001
for a scheduled upgrade. Upgrade work continued through 2002.

Activities included:

-   An experiment which demonstrated how to produce a highly useful form
    of light, called terahertz radiation - 20,000 times brighter than
    ever before - was published in the November 2002 issue of *Nature*.

-   Installing the upgrade will enable operation in a wider wavelength
    range to 10,000 watt (10 kW). Scientists expect to be lasing again
    in 2003.

[Future planning]{.underline}: Analysis and R&D work on the proposed
upgrade of CEBAF to 12 GeV continued in 2002. This upgrade in electron
beam energy levels and a new experimental hall, Hall D, will support
experiments that test the strong force that holds atomic particles
together.

## 1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW {#environmental-review .unnumbered}

An environmental assessment, termed EA, performed under National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) procedures, was conducted prior to the
construction of CEBAF (February 1987), resulting in a Finding of No
Significant Impact (FONSI). 1997 and 2002 EAs, which also yielded
FONSIs, addressed a CEBAF upgrade, FEL and potential HELIOS-related
activities, and five building construction projects. Existing
NEPA-related documentation has been reviewed periodically. Refer to
Section 3.4 for additional information about site NEPA activities.

## 1.9 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES {#ecological-resources .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab is located on what was a hardwood-pine forest. The
majority of the remaining wooded areas on this property are considered a
mixed pine-deciduous forest. The Lab is still partially surrounded by
small oak-loblolly pine forests. The overall site remains a temporarily
wet, upland area in the city of Newport News. Vegetation at Jefferson
Lab is in various stages of succession, reflecting the history of
disturbances to the site. As identified in a 2001 survey, the growth in
previously cleared areas is dominated by younger pines showing the trend
for these areas to be returning to a pine-dominated canopy like the
surrounding wooded areas.

The 1987 EA reported that 257 species of terrestrial vertebrate fauna
had geographic ranges that encompassed the site, though only a fraction
would be expected to actually exist on the property. Prior studies and
correspondence with various government agencies indicated that no
Federal or State listed threatened or endangered species or other
protected species exist on the site. A site survey of flora and fauna
conducted in 2001 documented the site status during the preparation of
DOE/EA-1384.

DOE/EA-1384, approved in July 2002, reviewed site conditions for
terrestrial and aquatic resources as well as threatened and endangered,
and other state and local species of concern that had the potential to
be found on-site. The key results follow.

-   Rare plant species and their typical habitats were studied. None of
    the identified plants or conditions suitable for their propagation
    were found.

-   Federal and State listed fauna, such as the bald eagle and canebrake
    rattlesnake, and potential suitable habitats were also surveyed. No
    Federal or State listed species nor any other species of concern
    were found. As well, no suitable nesting or roosting habitats were
    identified.

-   The 2001 survey found no aquatic resources and no permanent aquatic
    habitats. There are, however, small drainage channels that move
    water across and off the site, with a few channels just beyond the
    DOE site limits. The few channels that almost always contain water
    pass under Canon Boulevard to eventually flow into Brick Kiln Creek.
    Refer to Section 6.2 for more information on area drainage patterns.

-   More information on the flora and fauna considered in this EA is
    provided in Section 2.7.1.

## 1.10 SITE EH&S RESOURCES {#site-ehs-resources .unnumbered}

The facility makes available a variety of EH&S resources to serve the
Jefferson Lab community. The Lab community includes SURA and DOE staff,
Commonwealth of Virginia employees, subcontractors, visiting
experimenters, and students of all ages that participate under various
programs. To ensure that staff, employees, subcontractors, and users are
aware of and utilize environment, health, and safety principles, EH&S
responsibilities are incorporated into each position description as
described in the Jefferson Lab ISM System Plan, which was validated by
DOE in 1999. (See Section 3.1 for more information on ISM.)

Local EH&S resources are available to every employee, user, and visitor.
They include: EH&S staff that support specific line organizations; EH&S
program specialists that serve the entire facility in their area of
expertise; groups and committees that address Lab-wide concerns, develop
policy, and resolve selected issues; and, the Jefferson Lab EH&S Manual,
as the primary source of EH&S implementing procedures. The EH&S Manual
is accessible via paper copy at designated locations in major site
buildings or at <http://www.jlab.org/ehs/manual/EHSbook.html>.

Other EH&S resources available to program managers at Jefferson Lab
include: DOE subject matter experts, generally through the DOE Site
Office, the Oak Ridge Operations (ORO) Office, and the DOE Headquarters
Office of Science; DOE program specialists that deal with policy issues
at all levels; and, colleagues at other DOE facilities that share
expertise and lessons learned from their own unique experiences. These
resources were utilized in 2002 to support the continued development and
implementation of EP and public health-related programs at Jefferson
Lab.

# SECTION 2 {#section-2 .unnumbered}

# COMPLIANCE SUMMARY {#compliance-summary .unnumbered}

## 2.1 INTRODUCTION {#introduction .unnumbered}

Compliance with applicable EP and public health-related laws and
regulations is an important part of operations at Jefferson Lab.

Assurance that on-site processes do not adversely affect the environment
is achieved through self-assessments, routine inspections, and oversight
by the DOE Site Office and outside regulators, including staff from the
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and the Hampton Roads
Sanitation District (HRSD). Assurance is also obtained through guidance
from the DOE ORO Office, with additional program support by the DOE
Office of Science.

Applicable EP and public health-related requirements are identified in
the DOE/SURA contract. They are divided into three groups:

-   the Work Smart Standards (WSS) Set;

-   the Administrative Laws and Regulations (AL&R); and,

-   other contractual commitments.

These groupings actually include all Jefferson Lab EH&S obligations and
are described in Appendix C. Compliance with EP and public
health-related requirements is maintained as follows.

## 2.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT  {#waste-management .unnumbered}

Waste streams at the Lab include hazardous, low-level radioactive, and
medical wastes (discussed below). The Lab endeavored to reduce waste
generation in 2002 and did make progress in some areas. Though waste
reduction considerations are taken into account, new actions, including
the commencement of special processes, such as SNS cryomodule
fabrication and the addition and use of more experimental and support
equipment, often involve identifying as waste older materials and
equipment that are no longer needed. The Lab has encouraged the reuse or
recycling of old or discarded materials wherever possible. (Refer to
site-specific program information in Section 3.5.2.) Waste disposal and
recycling quantities are tracked and reported annually to the DOE.

There have been neither waste management activities associated with
spills or cleanup actions under the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) nor have
there been any waste storage or management actions that involved NEPA
authorizations.

### 2.2.1 Hazardous Waste under RCRA, related VA Regulations, and EH&S Manual Chapter 6761, *Hazardous Waste Management* {#hazardous-waste-under-rcra-related-va-regulations-and-ehs-manual-chapter-6761-hazardous-waste-management .unnumbered}

40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Subchapter I, *Waste Programs*,
implements the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA),
also called the Solid Waste Disposal Act (SWDA). RCRA covers waste
management and the promotion of "Resource Recovery and Reuse". The Act
promotes the protection of health and the environment and the
conservation of valuable material and energy resources.

RCRA further provides the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
authority to regulate solid waste, from minimization and recovery to
collection and disposal. The EPA has delegated authority to the DEQ to
regulate solid wastes that include hazardous waste. As such, the
Virginia Waste Management Act and regulations under the Virginia
Administrative Code Sections 9 VAC 20-80, et seq. (*Waste Regulations)*
apply. Applicable requirements for safe storage, transport, treatment,
and disposal of hazardous waste for generators, transporters, and owners
and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities are implemented through the Jefferson Lab EH&S Manual.

Jefferson Lab has been registered as a RCRA Small Quantity Generator
(SQG) since 1987. (Note that SQGs are not required to file a biennial
report to the DEQ.) To maintain SQG status, a facility cannot generate
more than 1 kilogram (kg) of acutely hazardous waste and/or 1000 kgs
(about 2200 pounds or about 300 gallons maximum) of hazardous waste in
any given month, and the facility must not accumulate more than 6000 kgs
of hazardous waste on-site at any given time. Jefferson Lab generated
about 5100 kgs of hazardous waste in Fiscal Year (FY) 2002. The increase
in generation this year (from 4300 kg in FY 2001) was due to increased
cryomodule production to support SNS and the FEL requirements, which
were in addition to the normal fabrication activities needed to maintain
CEBAF operations.

The hazardous wastes generated in the largest volumes in 2002 were waste
buffered chemical polish (an acid mixture) used for niobium cavity
processing and waste solvents (acetone, methanol, and isopropanol) from
cleaning operations. One special initiative, the elimination of cyanide
use, occurred in 2002. Refer to Section 3.2.2 for other waste
minimization efforts.

The most recent DEQ inspection of this program was performed in
September 2002**.** Refer to Section 3.3 for more information on that
event.

The Jefferson Lab Hazardous Waste Coordinator (HWC) manages the site
program and follows the guidance in EH&S Manual Chapter 6761 to maintain
compliance. Hazardous wastes are temporarily stored at Jefferson Lab;
however, no permitting is required because the wastes are properly
disposed of within the regulatory time frame. Jefferson Lab neither
transports hazardous wastes nor operates any regulated treatment or
disposal units. All wastes are disposed of through licensed waste
handling facilities. There are two elementary neutralization units, but
they are not regulated as treatment devices. Some environmentally
harmful materials (EHMs) are recycled and/or reused prior to final
disposal. Full compliance with requirements was maintained through 2002.

### 2.2.2 Low-Level Radioactive and Mixed Waste under DOE Order 435.1 and the AEA {#low-level-radioactive-and-mixed-waste-under-doe-order-435.1-and-the-aea .unnumbered}

The Radiation Control (RadCon) Group implemented the applicable sections
of DOE Order 435.1, *Radioactive Waste Management,* in 2002. The program
enables more efficient separation and categorization of the Lab's
low-level radioactive wastes (LLW). In 2002, the Lab identified more
waste than would normally be expected in a year, but was less than that
identified in the first year of the program. As there is no waste
generated that carries either the source materials or special nuclear
materials subject to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (AEA), as amended,
its conditions are not applicable.

Roughly 11 cubic meters (m^3^) of LLW were disposed of in FY 2002. This
rather large amount of waste, compared with our proposed goal of 3.5
m^3^/year by 2005, was not generated solely in 2002, but included items
that had slowly been generated and accumulated since 1992. The second
shipment of Jefferson Lab LLW material was turned over to a certified
subcontractor for disposal in July 2002. \[Note: Permit No. 4727-45-01,
to transport waste within South Carolina, was obtained in 2001, and will
be reapplied for as needed.\]

Though Jefferson Lab is required to follow the RCRA requirements that
apply to mixed waste, which exhibits both hazardous and radioactive
characteristics, there has been no mixed waste generated to date.
Jefferson Lab was in compliance with all applicable standards in 2002.

### 2.2.3 Non-Hazardous Waste under DEQ Standards and the EH&S Manual {#non-hazardous-waste-under-deq-standards-and-the-ehs-manual .unnumbered}

Non-hazardous wastestreams generally contain non-regulated chemical
wastes, non-recyclable office and production waste materials, and debris
resulting from construction activity. The DEQ is responsible for
regulating such waste programs. Jefferson Lab line management is
responsible for proper administration of the wastestreams covered under
this category according to EH&S Manual Chapter 6760, *Waste Management*.
There were no compliance issues in 2002.

### 2.2.4 Other Non-Hazardous Waste-Related Compliance Items under RCRA {#other-non-hazardous-waste-related-compliance-items-under-rcra .unnumbered}

There are other forms of liquid and solid non-hazardous wastes,
including domestic wastewater. Two water collection sump pits are
located in the Counting House (Building 97), with one pit discharging to
surface water and the contents of the other pit being pumped to the HRSD
system. The permits for these water discharges are discussed in Section
2.5.2.

Other non-hazardous wastes are disposed of in a landfill, reused
on-site, recycled, or used for other purposes offsite. In 2002,
Jefferson Lab collected and disposed of cadmium, nickel cadmium, and
lithium ion batteries and crushed fluorescent lamps as universal wastes.
Approved waste management plans and procedures prevent or minimize
impacts to the environment, both at the site generation area and at the
final usage or disposal point. Jefferson Lab minimizes the generation of
waste by using source reduction as the primary means of reducing
environmental impacts, thereby lowering purchase and disposal costs.

The Lab utilizes licensed subcontractors for collection, separation, and
permanent disposal (aluminum cans and paper goods are recycled
separately).

### 2.2.5 Regulated Medical Waste under the EH&S Manual {#regulated-medical-waste-under-the-ehs-manual .unnumbered}

The Lab's EH&S Manual Chapter 6850, *Regulated Medical Waste Management*
and Appendix 6850-T1, *Regulated Medical Waste Handling Procedures,*
apply and include RCRA and Virginia requirements. There were no
compliance issues with this program in 2002.

### 2.2.6 Federal Facility Compliance Act {#federal-facility-compliance-act .unnumbered}

This Act, which amends the SWDA, gave the EPA authority to enforce
actions against branches of the Federal government for violation of
Federal, State, interstate, or local solid or hazardous waste
regulations. There were no compliance issues at Jefferson Lab during
2002.

### 2.2.7 Toxic Materials under TSCA {#toxic-materials-under-tsca .unnumbered}

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and its implementing
regulations, 40 CFR Subchapter R, require that specific chemicals such
as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and asbestos be controlled and their
use restricted.

**[PCBs]{.underline}**

Since 1987, SURA has been removing PCBs and PCB-contaminated items from
the site. There were no PCBs in use or on-site during 2002. As such,
there were no PCB compliance issues in 2002.

**[Asbestos]{.underline}**

Most asbestos-containing material (ACM) was removed from the site prior
to 1992. In July 1992, an Asbestos Management Plan identified the
remaining ACMs in Buildings 28 and 58 as non-friable and in fair to good
condition; therefore, abatement is not required by current regulations.

Jefferson Lab complies with the training requirements identified in the
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986 (Title II of TSCA) and
the emission control requirements in the National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) and in 40 CFR 763. EH&S Manual
Chapter 6681, *Asbestos Management,* implements the ACM requirements at
Jefferson Lab.

During 2002, the tower located atop Building 28 which contained
non-friable asbestos, was removed intact by a licensed abatement
contractor. The tower was handled and disposed of as a Type II
non-friable material. There were no compliance issues in 2002.

### 2.2.8 FIFRA {#fifra .unnumbered}

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) applies
to the storage and use of herbicides and pesticides at Jefferson Lab.
The application of herbicides and pesticides is permitted through a
State-administered certification program, accomplished by certified
subcontractors who comply with FIFRA through Virginia's program. All
pesticides used in 2002 were EPA-registered and applied according to
product instructions and Federal, State, and local guidelines. Jefferson
Lab's Facilities Management (previously called Plant Engineering)
Department subcontracts monthly preventive pest control.

Herbicides were used on annual and perennial weeds and grasses, stumps
of trees, and brush. Pesticides were applied on-site for control of
insects. Areas addressed included kitchens, laboratories, and other
areas throughout the site. No industrial-strength herbicides or
pesticides are prepared, mixed, stored, or disposed of on Lab property.
The subcontractor is responsible for handling any waste disposal through
an authorized disposal facility. Small containers of household
pesticides are stored on-site and applied per manufacturer's
recommendations. See Section 5.1.6 for specific use information. There
were no FIFRA compliance issues at the Lab in 2002.

## 2.3 RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS {#radiological-protection-requirements .unnumbered}

This section summarizes the Lab's compliance with radiological EP and
public health requirements.

### 2.3.1 Energy: Title 10 Part 71, Packaging & Transportation of Radioactive Material {#energy-title-10-part-71-packaging-transportation-of-radioactive-material .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab made its first shipment of radioactive waste in July 2001
and second in July 2002. There have been no compliance issues.
(Additional transportation compliance information is provided in Section
2.7.5.)

**[10 CFR 834 (Draft), Environmental Radiological Protection
Program]{.underline}**

Programs responsive to offsite radiation protection and other 10 CFR 834
(Draft) requirements have been instituted. Implementation measures have
been incorporated into the EH&S Manual chapters discussed in Section
2.3.3 below.

**[10 CFR 835, Occupational Radiation Protection]{.underline}**

The Price-Anderson Amendments Act (PAAA) of 1988, including the 1992
amendment, was enacted to provide broad indemnification coverage for DOE
contractors with worker radiological-related activities and requires
reporting of non-compliances. DOE PAAA worker radiation protection
regulations are codified in 10 CFR 835 and address: radioactive
contamination, storage of radioactive materials, and radiological
emergency response.

Jefferson Lab made a worker radiation protection report in the PAAA
notification system following an August 2001 event, which involved
having an unposted high radiation area for a short period in the Test
Lab (Building 58). No worker radiation exposure resulted and no actual
or potential environmental impacts were associated with this event. Test
Lab staff resolved the interlock problem that created the short duration
radiation event. The DOE Headquarters Office of Price-Anderson
Enforcement approved closure of the event and corrective actions in May
2002 with no further action required. There were no significant
10 CFR 835 compliance issues in 2002.

### 2.3.2 40 CFR 61 Subpart H {#cfr-61-subpart-h .unnumbered}

This subpart, the National Emission Standards for Emissions of
Radionuclides Other Than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities,
sets an annual public dose limit for radionuclide emissions. The Lab
complied with these requirements and there were no compliance issues in
2002. Refer to Section 2.4.2.1 for more information.

### 2.3.3 EH&S Manual Chapters 6310 and 6315 {#ehs-manual-chapters-6310-and-6315 .unnumbered}

Chapters 6310, *Ionizing Radiation Protection,* and 6315, *Environmental
Monitoring of Ionizing Radiation,* describe site programs for offsite
radiation protection, storage of radioactive materials, emergency
response, and release of materials to uncontrolled areas. Chapter 6315
addresses radiological air emissions, surface water, and the potential
for radioactive contamination of other water-containing systems and
groundwater. There were no compliance issues in 2002.

### 2.3.4 DOE Order 5400.5 {#doe-order-5400.5 .unnumbered}

Applicable sections of DOE Order 5400.5, *Radiation Protection of the
Public and the Environment,* are implemented by Jefferson Lab's
Radiological Control (RADCON) Manual. There were no compliance issues in
2002.

## 2.4 AIR QUALITY AND PROTECTION Standards {#air-quality-and-protection-standards .unnumbered}

The Clean Air Act (CAA) and its 1990 Amendments (CAAA) regulate the air
emissions of DOE's processes and facilities. The DEQ, as delegated by
the EPA, issues permits for owners and operators of stationary sources
that could emit threshold amounts of fugitive dust, odor, or other
designated pollutants. At this time Jefferson Lab has no processes that
require air permitting.

Applicable regulations are contained in 40 CFR Subchapter C, and in
Virginia's 9 VAC 5 series, Air Quality. Standards include Executive
Order (EO) 13148 and EH&S Manual Chapter 6720, Air Quality Management.

### 2.4.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) {#national-ambient-air-quality-standards-naaqs .unnumbered}

Under the authority of the CAAA, the EPA has established NAAQS for
sulfur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen
dioxide, and lead. The Hampton Roads area, which includes Newport News,
remained in attainment for all NAAQS pollutants in 2002, but continues
as a maintenance area for ozone.

Jefferson Lab complies with all Commonwealth ambient air quality
requirements. The Lab leases its vehicles through the General Services
Administration (GSA) and vehicle maintenance is performed offsite by
GSA-approved facilities. There is no gasoline dispensing facility
on-site, but there is one diesel fuel tank for forklifts. Subcontractors
operating machinery may have temporary diesel fuel storage tanks with
secondary containment basins. There were no NAAQS compliance actions in
2002.

### 2.4.2 NESHAPs {#neshaps .unnumbered}

NESHAPs governs air emissions that contain hazardous components, such as
radionuclides or asbestos. The EPA administers the radionuclide portion
of this program in Virginia. Jefferson Lab began "operations" as defined
by NESHAPs in October 1995.

#### 2.4.2.1 Radionuclide Emissions {#radionuclide-emissions .unnumbered}

Radionuclide emissions generated during CEBAF and FEL testing and
operations, including emissions resulting from interactions of the
accelerator beams with experimental targets and physics research
equipment, fall under NESHAPs. DOE-owned facilities which emit
radionuclides to the air are required to sample, monitor, and assess
dosage per the NESHAPs requirements in 40 CFR 61 Subpart H and report to
the EPA as applicable. (Refer to Section 4.3.1 for discussion of direct
radiation, the primary form of radiation generated on-site.)

Jefferson Lab used sampling results and calculations to demonstrate that
the Lab remained under the EPA-defined 10 mrem/yr potential effective
dose equivalent to any member of the public during 2002. As effluent
concentrations are below monitoring thresholds, routine monitoring of
radioactive airborne effluents at the site boundary is not required.
However, the Lab does make periodic confirmatory measurements to verify
low emissions.

Currently, no major radiological NESHAP point sources, such as stacks or
vents, exist at Jefferson Lab that meet the 40 CFR 61.93(b) threshold
monitoring criterion of 1% of the\
10 mrem/yr. Consequently, continuous point source monitoring is not
required.

Since no EPA-reportable radiological or non-radiological air emissions
have occurred in previous years, Jefferson Lab had a reporting exemption
under this Subpart. Based on common DOE laboratory practice, even among
DOE facilities that are under the reporting threshold, Jefferson Lab
voluntarily furnishes an annual report to the EPA. This is discussed
further in Section 4.3.1. No notifications for construction or
modifications were necessary in 2002.

#### 2.4.2.2 NESHAP Asbestos Removal {#neshap-asbestos-removal .unnumbered}

While the NESHAP standard does not set a numerical threshold for
asbestos fiber emissions, it requires those conducting asbestos-related
activities, such as demolition and renovation, to follow approved
procedures and to adopt specific work practices to prevent release of
asbestos to the air. Regulations require that licensed, trained
personnel perform any work. There were no asbestos-related NESHAP issues
in 2002. Compliance with other asbestos standards is described in
Section 2.2.7.

### 2.4.3 Non-radiological Emissions {#non-radiological-emissions .unnumbered}

Under the Virginia Regulations for the *Control and Abatement of Air
Pollution*\
(9 VAC 5-10 et seq.), Jefferson Lab is required to notify the DEQ of
sources of potential air pollution. Jefferson Lab minimizes releases of
polluted air by implementing preventive maintenance and scrubbers. The
Lab's air emissions remain below reporting thresholds as there were no
new emission sources installed in 2002. The new electropolish cabinet,
to begin operation in early 2003, will have a small amount of emissions.
Discussions with the DEQ are forthcoming.

Jefferson Lab has seven natural gas-fired boilers and a fin-tube
radiator for building heating. Boiler information, including fuel
consumption data, is provided to the DEQ. For more information, refer to
Section 5.2. No requirements for permits are anticipated. The last DEQ
inspection occurred in September 2000, with no concerns identified.
There were no air emission violations at Jefferson Lab in 2002.

### 2.4.4 Stratospheric Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) {#stratospheric-ozone-depleting-substances-ods .unnumbered}

EO 13148, Greening the Government through Leadership in Environmental
Management, reinforced Federal agency commitments to use safe,
cost-effective, environmentally preferable alternatives to ODSs. The ODS
substances that have been used at Jefferson Lab include refrigerants,
degreasers, cleaners, spray can propellants, and fire suppressants. The
phase out of these substances will have a moderate impact on the site.

Section 608 of Title VI of the CAAA, *National Recycling and Emission
Reduction Program,* prohibits intentional venting of Class I and Class
II compounds from air conditioning and cooling units. Jefferson Lab has
one recovery machine, a National Reference Products Model MINILU (for
R‑12, -22, -502, and -134a) on-site. Also, the subcontractor who
performed all service, repair, and maintenance on Jefferson Lab
refrigeration/air conditioning equipment during 2002, was EPA-certified
and effectively captured and recycled these ODS compounds. Four
Jefferson Lab Facilities Management employees have received
certification training, ensuring that Lab staff understand the EPA
requirements.

The Lab has three chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based chillers on-site, one
uses\
R-11 and two use R-113. They are effectively maintained by mechanical
staff to ensure optimal performance and minimal CFC losses. The two
aging R‑113 units will be replaced with two state of the art non-CFC
energy-efficient units in 2003. A unit in Building 28, which contained\
R-22, was replaced in 2002.

There was one 480 pound release of R-22 at a unit located in Hall C -
the result of a thermal relief malfunction. There were a number of other
small releases in 2002, all recorded by Facilities Management.

The site is phasing out the use of CFCs to the extent possible. R-12,
however, is the highly preferred material for use in some physics
experiments but there are no State or Federal regulations that address
the small amounts of R-12 involved. Halon 1211 is stored in the
experimental halls for use as a fire-extinguishing agent of last resort
to protect certain types of specialized equipment. The Halon is
contained in manually operated fire extinguishers, with hall staff
trained in precautions and use.

Section 609 of the CAAA lists the requirements for the *Servicing of
Motor Vehicle Air Conditioners*. All vehicle air conditioning units are
serviced offsite by shops approved by the GSA.

Jefferson Lab is committed to minimizing and/or eliminating the use of
ODSs. The Lab's CFC and Halon Use Policy is included in the EH&S Manual
Appendix 6720-T3.

## 2.5 WATER QUALITY AND PROTECTION {#water-quality-and-protection .unnumbered}

Both groundwater and surface water protection are high priorities at
Jefferson Lab. Applicable standards include: the Clean Water Act (CWA);
Virginia's State Water Control Law; regulations that include parts of 40
CFR Subchapter D and Virginia's 9 VAC 25 Series, Water Quality; site
permits; and, cited EH&S Manual chapters.

Facilities in Virginia that directly discharge to waters of the United
States must obtain a Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(VPDES) permit. The VPDES program is designed to protect surface waters
by limiting primarily non-radiological releases of effluents into
streams, lakes, and other waters, including wetlands. Regulatory and
program concerns relating to construction and industrial activities,
including the potential for radiological contamination of groundwater
and the quality of cooling water discharges, are discussed in Section
2.5.1 below.

The concrete halls, which house the experimental apparatus that accepts
accelerator beam, are partially buried. As the floors of the halls lie
below the water table, a built-in drainage system was installed under
each of the halls to prevent the structures from floating. Groundwater
collects in this drainage system and is pumped to a surface water
channel (a process termed dewatering). Compliance with the related
permits is described in Sections 2.5.1 and 2.5.2.

Jefferson Lab has a variety of on-site activities that result in water
discharges to the sanitary sewer system. Other associated wastewater
standards included in the WSS Set are discussed in Section 2.5.2.

There is a significant aggregate quantity of oil present on the site,
primarily in transformers and compressors that are in continual use.
Consequently, Jefferson Lab has a Spill Prevention, Control, and
Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan that is discussed further in\
Section 2.5.2.3.

### 2.5.1 VPDES Permits {#vpdes-permits .unnumbered}

#### 2.5.1.1 Construction Activity {#construction-activity .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab strives to keep pollutants, such as sediments, out of
surface waters during earth disturbing activities. No VPDES permits
involving construction have been required through 2002. The Lab's
Facilities Management Department oversees the civil construction and
ensures that subcontractors adhere to the standards set forth in the
*Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook*. EH&S Manual Chapter
6733, *Storm Water Pollution Prevention,* identifies the site program to
address erosion and sediment control during earth-disturbing activities.

#### 2.5.1.2 Industrial Activities {#industrial-activities .unnumbered}

**[Groundwater Monitoring - VPDES Permit No. VA0089320]{.underline}**

This permit covers groundwater resources, including groundwater flowing
across the site, and groundwater discharged in the dewatering operation
(refer to\
Section 2.5.2.2). An earlier DEQ permit quantified water quality
"baseline" values for certain parameters and set long-term groundwater
quality limits. A well monitoring program under this permit enables the
comparison of current and "baseline" values. Jefferson Lab verifies that
accelerator operations and other activities, such as groundwater
dewatering, do not degrade the quality of either on-site or offsite
groundwater. Refer to Section 6 and EH&S Manual Chapter 6731,
*Groundwater Protection,* for additional information.

Throughout 2002, groundwater sampling to monitor all permit-defined
parameters was performed under a subcontract with an accredited
laboratory and submitted to the Commonwealth at the end of each quarter.
There were no compliance issues involving groundwater in 2002.

**[Cooling Water Discharges - General Permit No.
VAG253002]{.underline}**

This Permit, which contains water quality limits, covers the surface
discharges from the cooling towers adjacent to the Central Helium
Liquifier (Building 8) and a small tower adjacent to the Test Lab
(Building 58).

Sampling is performed under a subcontract with an accredited laboratory
and is submitted to the Commonwealth at the end of each quarter. During
the fourth quarter of 2001, the chlorine level at one sampling site was
above the non-detect level, though below the water production utility's
maximum chlorine residual levels. No explanation was ever found for the
elevated level at the sampling point. During the second quarter of 2002
there was no measurable flow at either sampling point, so no samples
could be taken. This was due to the drought conditions occurring
throughout Hampton Roads and the rest of the United States.

A May 2, 2002 DEQ inspection found two administrative deficiencies. One
was that a large city water leak on the site, an unusual event, had not
been appropriately documented at the time of the inspection, and
although it was noted on the regular quarterly report, it had not been
reported promptly to the DEQ. The second was that failure to follow
standard information transfer procedures resulted in the reporting of
incorrect information. The response to the May 22, 2002 Notice of
Deficiency provided the requested water leak documentation, assurance
that the Lab would make prompt notification of an unusual condition, and
that standard information transfer procedures would be followed and
provided in advance of the DEQ action date.

### 2.5.2 Other Water Program Standards in the WSS Set {#other-water-program-standards-in-the-wss-set .unnumbered}

#### 2.5.2.1 Industrial Wastewater {#industrial-wastewater .unnumbered}

**[40 CFR 403, General Pretreatment Regulations for Existing and New
Sources of Pollution]{.underline}**

This regulation contains National Pretreatment Standards for pollutants
that pass through or interfere with offsite treatment processes.
Jefferson Lab's sanitary sewage is discharged to an offsite publicly
owned treatment works operated by the HRSD. The Lab is categorized as a
Non-significant Industrial User with no pretreatment requirements. In
2002, as we had two administrative violations, as noted below, no HRSD
award was received.

**[Industrial Wastewater Discharge Permit No. 0117 and the District's
Industrial Wastewater Discharge Regulations (IWDR)]{.underline}**

Discharges to the HRSD are subject to the Industrial Wastewater
Discharge Permit and the IWDR. EH&S Manual Appendix 6730-T1, *Discharges
to the Sanitary Sewer System,* presents implementation practices at
Jefferson Lab. The pretreatment requirements of 40 CFR 403 are not
applicable.

Quarterly pH values are recorded by a subcontractor at prescribed
sampling points and provided to the HRSD. HRSD independently performs
regular sampling for metals and other water quality indicators at some
of the sampling points to validate Jefferson Lab's compliance with
permit and regulatory requirements.

Two minor administrative Notices of Violation were recorded in 2002 for
the late submittal of routine pH information, due to lack of knowledge
that the samples had been taken during that reporting month. This was
acknowledged by all parties and new procedures are in place to ensure
information is received and provided on a timely basis. All pH data were
within our permit limitations. There were no violations that had any
effect on the environment in 2002.

Permitted discharges of activated water at one HRSD sampling point
continued in 2002. Discharges are controlled manually, after sampling
has confirmed that all values are within identified limits. Either
Jefferson Lab staff or a subcontractor performs monthly and quarterly
radiological analyses from this sampling point and provides the
analytical reports for transmittal to the HRSD. All radiological permit
and regulatory criteria were met in 2002 and are discussed further in
Section 4.3.2.

To illustrate the relative quantity of radioactivity being discharged,
the Lab is permitted to discharge no more than 5 Ci (Curies) of tritium
and 1 Ci of other gamma-emitting radionuclides in one year. The total
radioactivity discharged to the sanitary sewer in 2002 was 1.06 Ci of
tritium (*or about 21% of the total allowed*) and 0.00032 Ci for other
gamma-emitting radionuclides (*or 0.032% of the total allowed*).

Laboratory staff participated in the March 7, 2002 annual inspection by
the HRSD - no compliance issues were identified at that time.

#### 2.5.2.2 Permit to Withdraw Groundwater No. GW0030800 {#permit-to-withdraw-groundwater-no.-gw0030800 .unnumbered}

To maintain water table levels consistent with the experimental hall
structural design, water table control via pumping will be necessary for
the life of the facility. This DEQ Permit places monthly and annual
limitations on the amount that can be pumped. It is important to note
that this type of "no usage" withdrawal is unusual. Groundwater is
normally withdrawn for irrigation or drinking water.

Quarterly reporting of withdrawal quantities continued in 2002, and all
monthly values were within permit requirements. The total quantity of
water withdrawn in 2002 was 4.9 million gallons, which was well below
the roughly 23 million gallon annual limit. The Lab voluntarily reports
its annual water usage to assist the DEQ in determining total regional
water usage.

Permit compliance was maintained in 2002. Water quality sampling is
performed as noted in Section 2.5.1.2.

#### 2.5.2.3 SPCC Plan -- Above Ground Storage Tank Issues {#spcc-plan-above-ground-storage-tank-issues .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab has transformers and other operating machinery on-site
that use various oils for lubrication, hydraulics, and cooling. The Lab
maintains a used oil collection area to assist in managing the resulting
used oil. The Lab has an approved SPCC Plan as required by\
40 CFR 112, which was reviewed and updated in 2001. The SPCC Plan covers
handling, storage, and transportation activities and is implemented by
EH&S Manual Chapter 6732, *Oil-Spill* *Prevention, Control, and
Countermeasures*.

There are two oil-storage tanks on-site that meet Federal and State
above ground storage tank definitions, but the total quantity stored is
under the notification threshold. There were no compliance issues in
2002. See\
Section 3.5.1 for more information on oil-related items.

## PUBLIC HEALTH

The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (SDWA) ensures that drinking water
is safe for public consumption. Compliance is achieved via the EPA's
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations that apply to public water
supplies. These regulations set maximum contaminant levels on
bacteriological, chemical, physical, and radiological contaminants for
public water systems.

The Virginia Department of Health regulates drinking water quality and
enforces compliance with all Federal and State drinking water-related
permits and standards. Jefferson Lab receives its drinking water through
three public water supply lines provided by Newport News Waterworks. No
monitoring by Jefferson Lab is required.

The SDWA applies to two areas at Jefferson Lab: the Backflow Prevention
Program and the surface discharges under the three DEQ permits.
Jefferson Lab had no SDWA compliance issues during 2002.

### 2.6.1 Backflow Prevention {#backflow-prevention .unnumbered}

An annual backflow prevention device inspection is required by the City
of Newport News and the DEQ on all intra-building main supply
connections. This program ensures that untreated industrial wastewater
or contaminants from cross-connected chemical processes and building
equipment are mechanically prevented from contaminating the drinking
water supply. Jefferson Lab engages locally approved plumbing firms to
ensure all backflow prevention devices function as designed. Annual
inspection reports (the last in June 2002) are sent to the city's Public
Utilities Department. No issues have ever been identified.

### 2.6.2 Surface Water Quality {#surface-water-quality .unnumbered}

The site drainage system primarily flows to the Big Bethel Reservoir
which served as a drinking water source for local military installations
until mid-2002. A small portion of the site flows to the west to the
Deep Creek watershed. The groundwater dewatering discharge is monitored
for quality under VPDES Permit\
No. VA0089320, and the cooling tower effluent is monitored under VPDES
General Permit No. VAG253002. These effluents are discharged into
surface water channels that lead offsite. Fort Monroe environmental
staff are provided annual information on the quantity of groundwater
discharged, with information collected under the Permit to Withdraw
Groundwater. This notice may be discontinued in 2003 as Big Bethel no
longer serves as a drinking water reservoir. There were no compliance
issues involving surface water quality in 2002. Refer to Sections 3.2.3
and 4.3.2 for further discussion on the site's monitoring programs.

### 2.6.3 Drinking Water Quality {#drinking-water-quality .unnumbered}

The water quality limits for the groundwater monitoring wells in VPDES
Permit No. 0089320 include one value that is one-quarter of the State's
drinking water standard. There were no compliance issues regarding the
wells or drinking water standards in 2002. Groundwater is further
discussed in Section 4.3.2.

## 2.7 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS {#other-environmental-standards .unnumbered}

### 2.7.1 Endangered Species Act (ESA) {#endangered-species-act-esa .unnumbered}

The ESA protects endangered wildlife, fish, plants, and their
ecosystems. The 1987 EA reported that 257 species of terrestrial
vertebrate fauna had geographic ranges that encompassed the site, though
only a fraction would be expected to actually exist on the property. As
well, correspondence with various government agencies indicated that no
Federal or State listed threatened or endangered species or other
protected species existed on the site at that time. DOE/EA-1384,
completed in 2002, evaluated terrestrial and aquatic resources,
including threatened and endangered species identified as having the
potential to reside on-site. The previous findings, that there were no
listed or concern species or potential terrestrial or aquatic habitats,
were confirmed.

No ESA compliance issues were identified in 2002.

### 2.7.2 Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) {#migratory-bird-treaty-act-mbta .unnumbered}

The MBTA of 1918 prohibits any unauthorized taking, possessing,
importing, or other listed actions, of any migratory bird or their eggs.
The 1987 EA found that 150 avian species have ranges that encompass the
Jefferson Lab site, including both permanent and summer residents.
Because the site lies within a disturbed industrial and commercial area,
only a small fraction of these species are expected to be found on-site.
No suitable breeding sites for any of the birds assessed in a 2001
survey were identified. There were no concerns involving the MBTA in
2002.

### 2.7.3 National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) {#national-historic-preservation-act-nhpa .unnumbered}

The NHPA of 1966, Section 106, protects archaeological and historical
resources. Area surveys in 1987 and major construction since that time
have uncovered no trace of historic or archaeological resources. On\
October 16, 1992, the Commonwealth of Virginia's Department of Historic
Resources (VDHR) determined that all Section 106 conditions had been met
and no further assessments were required. A follow-up with the VDHR was
performed during the preparation of an EA in 2002 with no concerns
identified. The EA noted that the VDHR would be notified if anything
unusual was encountered during any construction.

### 2.7.4 Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) {#coastal-zone-management-act-czma .unnumbered}

Congress declared the CZMA as the policy, among other things, "to
preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance,
the resources of the Nation\'s coastal zone for this and succeeding
generations." The CZMA implemented the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act
(CBPA) under the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area Designation and
Management Regulations (CBPADMR). Although the DOE property does not
fall within the purview of this law, and is not in any designated
resource protection area, the DOE intends to be consistent with CZMA
programs by obtaining all applicable permits and approvals, and by
complying with the Act's terms and conditions, as well as with the goals
and objectives of the CBPADMR to the maximum extent practicable. Here
are the means by which DOE and Jefferson Lab are addressing CZMA
requirements.

-   Coastal Lands Management: The Jefferson Lab property has not been
    designated as a Chesapeake Bay Resource Protection Area or a
    Resource Management Area (RMA) under the CBPA. The average site
    elevation, roughly 35 feet above MSL, places the Jefferson Lab site
    outside of the nearest RMA.

-   Wetlands Management: The 2001 Wetland Delineation and Threatened and
    Endangered Species Survey revealed that there are no wetlands,
    except as identified earlier, on the Jefferson Lab site.

-   Non-point Source Pollution Control: All construction projects are
    managed for erosion and sediment control, following, at a minimum,
    the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Law. Permits are and will
    be obtained as applicable.

-   Stormwater Management: The DOE implements control measures
    consistent with the performance standards identified in the CBPADMR.
    Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) will be implemented with
    new projects in order to minimize runoff concerns.

-   Point Source Pollution Control: Jefferson Lab's only actual or
    potential point source discharges are from construction dewatering,
    cooling towers for equipment, and accidents. No more than minor
    impacts would be expected for any new source as the discharges would
    be no different from those already addressed under existing
    programs.

-   Air Pollution Control: No local or regional impact to NAAQS
    parameters from construction activity, building use, or from site
    accelerator operations is expected.

### 2.7.5 Transportation Standards {#transportation-standards .unnumbered}

Transportation-related hazards at the Lab arise as a consequence of the
receipt, packaging, and transportation of: hazardous and radioactive
materials and waste; compressed gases; cleanup materials used in
response to on-site spills; and, regulated medical wastes. Many of the
regulations applicable to transportation also apply to other
environmental or public health topics.

Requirements include the Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations
identified in 49 CFR Subchapter C, *Hazardous Materials Regulations*;
the Jefferson Lab RADCON Manual; EH&S Manual Chapters 6150, *Compressed
Gases,* 6310, *Ionizing Radiation Protection,* Appendix 6750‑T4,
*Packaging EHMs for Transport*; and, identified industry standards.
Compliance with some of these standards is addressed below.

**[49 CFR Regulations]{.underline}**

49 CFR 171 through 178 cover hazardous and radioactive materials
transportation and contain DOT packaging and transport requirements to
protect the environment or public health in case of accidents. The
delivery of hazardous or radiological materials to or from the site is
contingent upon compliance with appropriate DOT and other requirements.
RadCon manages the radiological portion of this program and the HWC
manages non-radiological DOT requirements. There were no compliance
issues in 2002.

**[EH&S Manual Chapters 6150, 6310, 6750, and 6850; RADCON Manual; and,
Handbook of Compressed Gases]{.underline}**

These requirements provide for the safe packaging and transport of
hazardous and radioactive materials on Jefferson Lab property. Properly
trained staff perform on-site transport of hazardous materials in
accordance with the EH&S Manual. The RadCon Group, in accordance with
the Jefferson Lab RADCON Manual and other internal procedures, manages
radioactive materials. All medical wastes are handled by specially
trained staff and managed by Medical Services. There were no compliance
issues regarding these transportation standards in 2002.

**[10 CFR 71, 40 CFR 112; EH&S Manual Appendix 3510-T3 and Chapter 6732;
and, the Virginia Emergency Operations Plan]{.underline}**

These transportation-related standards are also directly applicable to
activities at Jefferson Lab. 40 CFR 112 covers oil and oil-product
issues while 10 CFR 71 encompasses packaging and transport of
radiological materials. The Virginia Emergency Operations Plan and EH&S
Manual Appendix 3510-T3 and Chapter 6732 contain response actions in the
event of a transportation emergency. There were no compliance issues
regarding these transportation standards in 2002.

### 2.7.6 Environmental Protection  {#environmental-protection .unnumbered}

### Standards {#standards .unnumbered}

The Lab EHM program is identified in EH&S Manual Chapter 6750,
*Environmentally Harmful Materials,* and its appendices. The objective
is to prevent spills or unintentional releases. Protection measures
include secondary containment and the location of EHM storage areas away
from floor drains. Though there was a leaking fuel line at the diesel
tank and one minor coolant spill in 2002, there were no releases that
had an impact on the environment or public health.

## 2.8 EXECUTIVE ORDERS AND POLLUTION PREVENTION (P2) {#executive-orders-and-pollution-prevention-p2 .unnumbered}

The following EOs, discussed below, primarily address P2 strategies:
EO 13101, Greening the Government through Waste Prevention, Recycling
and Federal Acquisition; EO 13123, Greening the Government Through
Efficient Energy Management; and, EO 13148, Greening the Government
through Leadership in Environmental Management. Information on the
applicable Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990 is included in the
discussion under EO 13148. EO 13149, Greening the Government Through
Federal Fleet and Transportation Efficiency is not applicable as all
vehicles are leased through the GSA. Implementation of EO 13221, Energy
Efficient Standby Power Devices, was explored in 2002.

### 2.8.1 EO 11988 "Floodplain Management" {#eo-11988-floodplain-management .unnumbered}

This EO relates to the occupancy and modification of floodplains. Since
Jefferson Lab is not in a 100-year floodplain, the specific EO 11988
requirements do not apply; however, localized flooding during
significant rain events, including hurricanes, does occur. Facilities
Management coordinates drainage modifications to ensure appropriate
drainage is maintained.

### 2.8.2 EO 11990 "Protection of Wetlands" {#eo-11990-protection-of-wetlands .unnumbered}

This EO ensures that adverse impacts to wetlands from construction
activities are avoided or responsibly mitigated. During original site
investigations, the Corps of Engineers determined that the forested
temporary wetlands to be disturbed by the construction of Jefferson Lab
were not sufficiently permanent to qualify as wetlands, and, therefore,
did not require the protection specified by EO 11990.

EO 11990 and 10 CFR 1022, *Compliance with Floodplain/Wetlands
Environmental Review Requirements,* contain notification requirements to
be considered when proposing new work beyond the scope of the original
site EA and FONSI. Evaluation of Jefferson Lab activities involving
potential wetlands is accomplished through the NEPA review process. A
2001 survey found no wetlands at any of the sites proposed for
construction projects in the then draft DOE/EA-1384. There were no
concerns involving wetlands in 2002.

### 2.8.3 EO 13101 \"Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition\" {#eo-13101-greening-the-government-through-waste-prevention-recycling-and-federal-acquisition .unnumbered}

EO 13101 encourages agencies to make more efficient use of natural
resources by recycling and practicing waste prevention measures. This is
accomplished in part by promoting the procurement of products made with
recycled materials, termed Affirmative Procurement (AP), by Federal
agencies. The purchase of these materials helps "close-the-loop" in the
recycling process. To comply with this EO, the DOE has set goals and
performance standards on a variety of product classes. The DOE's
complex-wide FY 2005 procurement target for purchasing EPA-listed
products was 100%. Jefferson Lab's compliance level was 87% for FY 2002,
a major improvement from the 58.2% reported in FY 2000 but only a small
improvement over the 84% in FY 2001. Refer to Section 3.2.1 for more
information on this topic.

### 2.8.4 EO 13123 \"Greening the Government Through Efficient Energy Management\" {#eo-13123-greening-the-government-through-efficient-energy-management .unnumbered}

This initiative, effective November 4, 1999, focuses on energy
efficiency (E2) as a means of P2. The DOE seeks a long-term energy use
reduction of 15% for buildings and industrial facilities - a 7%
reduction was documented for Jefferson Lab in\
FY 2000. Facilities Management analyzed buildings and their support
systems in 2002 to look for ways to reduce energy consumption in the
long term. Information on site-specific goals developed in response to
the Secretary of Energy's P2 and E2 initiatives in early 2001 is
provided in the next section.

### 2.8.5 EO 13148 \"Greening the Government Through Leadership in Environmental Management\" {#eo-13148-greening-the-government-through-leadership-in-environmental-management .unnumbered}

EO 13148 integrates environmental accountability into Federal agency
policies, operations, planning, and management. The primary P2 goal is
that pollution should be prevented or reduced at the source. Jefferson
Lab complies with Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of
1986 (EPCRA) requirements, uses only a few toxic chemicals, and complies
with the other requirements of this EO to the extent practicable.

The Lab complies with EPCRA as follows. Section 2.8.5.2 reports how
Jefferson Lab uses P2 and other activities to maintain environmental
compliance. Specific Lab P2 and E2 initiatives are discussed in
Section 3. The results from environmental compliance reviews are
provided in Section 2.8.5.3. Section 2.8.5.4 reports on the Lab\'s
progress in implementing environmentally beneficial landscaping
practices. Results from DOE's EMS self-assessment questionnaire are
provided in Section 2.8.5.5, and a summary of the Lab's progress in
meeting DOE and site-identified goals is presented in\
Section 2.8.5.6.

As stated, Jefferson Lab is committed to being environmentally
accountable through day-to-day decision-making and long-term planning
processes, across all missions, activities, and functions.

#### 2.8.5.1 EPCRA Compliance {#epcra-compliance .unnumbered}

EPCRA, also known as the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) Title III, created a system for planning responses to emergencies
involving CERCLA hazardous substances (HSs) and EPCRA extremely
hazardous substances (EHSs). EPCRA requires that information regarding
the use and storage of these hazardous chemicals be made available to
the public. This is done through reports to the EPA (which posts some
information on their website) and local response agencies. Jefferson Lab
is responsible for planning and responding to chemical emergencies as
well as completing applicable reporting requirements as noted in Exhibit
2-1.

The Commonwealth of Virginia Emergency Response Council administers the
EPCRA program for the EPA. Local emergency response agencies that serve
Jefferson Lab are the Peninsula Local Emergency Planning Committee and
the Newport News Fire Department. Transportation-related standards
pertaining to emergency planning are discussed in Section 2.7.5.

Besides EO 13148, other EPCRA-related planning and response standards
that apply to Jefferson Lab are discussed

  -------------------------------- ---------------------------- ------------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490772                                
  .anchor}Exhibit 2-1\                                          
  EPCRA Reporting Status                                        

  **[EPCRA Section]{.underline}**  **[Description of            **[Status of
                                   Reporting]{.underline}**     Applicability]{.underline}**

  EPCRA Sec. 302 (40 CFR 355)      Planning notification        Yes

  EPCRA Sec. 303 (40 CFR 300)      Comprehensive Emergency      Not applicable
                                   Response Plans               

  EPCRA Sec. 304 (40 CFR 355)      EHS Release Notification     No reporting required to date

  EPCRA Sec. 311-312 (40 CFR 370)  MSDS/Chemical Inventory      Yes, 312

  EPCRA Sec. 313 (40 CFR 372)      TRI Reporting                No reporting required to date
  -------------------------------- ---------------------------- ------------------------------

below. EH&S Manual Appendix 6710‑T2, *Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know*, and the Virginia Emergency Operations Plan also apply*.*

**[Emergency Planning Standards]{.underline}**

**40 CFR 300, National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution
Contingency Plan (NCP)**

This regulation primarily addresses DOE's role in the NCP. Jefferson Lab
complies with 40 CFR 300 by having emergency response procedures in
place to respond to oil and hazardous substance releases, as identified
in EH&S Manual Chapters 3510, *Emergency Management Plan,* and 6732,
*Oil-Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures.*

**EPCRA Section 302, Emergency Planning and Release Reporting**

Under EPCRA Section 302, (refer to\
40 CFR 355) Jefferson Lab is required to notify the Commonwealth and
local emergency planning and response groups (EPGs) within sixty days of
the receipt of an EHS that exceeds its Threshold Planning Quantity
(TPQ). Jefferson Lab's EPCRA Section 302 notifications to date include
hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and bromine. Due to increased SNS
activity, sulfuric acid was identified as exceeding its TPQ and its
presence was reported to the EPGs in early 2003.

Jefferson Lab is also required to notify the Commonwealth and local EPGs
of accidental offsite releases of any HS listed under CERCLA or any EHS
listed under EPCRA. The release levels that trigger the EPCRA Section
304 notification requirements are the reportable quantity values listed
in the regulations for each substance. Jefferson Lab has had no releases
that meet identified reporting criteria to date. (For discussion about
the permitted release of activated water to the sanitary sewer system,
refer to Section 2.5.2.)

**EPCRA Sections 311 and 312, Hazardous Chemical Inventories**

Under EPCRA Sections 311 and 312, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
(refer to 40 CFR 370), or a list of those chemicals, must be submitted
to EPGs for each hazardous chemical that exceeds the TPQ identified in
the regulations. Inventory information is obtained through an annual
sitewide chemical inventory coordinated by the Jefferson Lab Industrial
Hygienist. Jefferson Lab's submittal of the annual Tier II Report, a
hazardous chemical inventory form, to the EPGs satisfies this reporting
requirement. Refer to\
Exhibit 2-2 for the list of chemicals reported for 2002.

  -------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------- ------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490773                                                                                                            
  .anchor}Exhibit 2-2\                                                                                                                      
  Chemicals Reported for 2002                                                                                                               

  **Compound**                     **Hazard Class**                                                                                         

                                   **[Fire]{.underline}**   **Sudden Release\         **Acute Health\          **[Reactive]{.underline}**   **Chronic Health
                                                            [of                       [Hazard]{.underline}**                                [Hazard]{.underline}**
                                                            Pressure]{.underline}**                                                         

  Argon (liquid)                                            √                         √                                                     

  Helium (liquid                                            √                         √                                                     

  Nitrogen (liquid)                                         √                         √                                                     

  Nitric Acid                                                                         √                        √                            

  Hydrofluoric Acid                                                                   √                        √                            

  Sulfuric Acid                                                                       √                        √                            

  Hydraulic Oil (Various including √                                                                                                        √
  vacuum oil)                                                                                                                               

  Lead (Sheeting)                                                                                                                           √

  Bromine                                                                             √                        √                            
  -------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------- ------------------------

![](media/image6.wmf){width="2.3465277777777778in"
height="1.7666666666666666in"}

Helium Container Near Building 98

In addition, upon request, the Lab's Emergency Manager provides MSDSs or
other materials to the local Fire Chief for their records.

![](media/image7.wmf){width="2.448611111111111in"
height="1.8298611111111112in"}

Chemical Inventory

**EPCRA Section 313, Toxic Release Reporting**

This section (refer to 40 CFR 372) requires the submission of
information to the EPA relating to the release of toxic chemicals,
including an annual toxic chemical release report, the Toxic Release
Inventory (TRI), by any facility that manufactures, imports, processes,
or otherwise uses more than a threshold amount of any of approximately
360 EPA-identified toxic chemicals. Jefferson Lab does have "otherwise
use" activities and reviews its chemical usage annually. For CY 2002, it
was verified that lead, the only material that could have triggered
reporting, was not "otherwise used" in a quantity exceeding its low 100
pound threshold. It was also noted that no other listed toxic chemicals
were "otherwise used" in quantities exceeding the 10,000 pound
threshold. Thus, no TRI reporting was required.

**[Emergency Response Standards]{.underline}**

Two environmental emergency response-related hazards exist at Jefferson
Lab. One hazard involves releases resulting from the storage or
transport of EHMs. Emergency response standards that apply to EHMs are
CERCLA, the portions of 40 CFR noted above, and the Virginia Emergency
Operations Plan. The second hazard is a radiological release, as
addressed in 10 CFR 835.

There was one minor coolant spill in a parking lot and a small leak at
the line at the diesel fuel tank in 2002. Both spills were mitigated
promptly, and did not impact the environment. There were no releases
subject to CERCLA or other emergency response regulations in 2002.

#### 2.8.5.2 P2 and Other Activities to Support Compliance {#p2-and-other-activities-to-support-compliance .unnumbered}

**[ISM]{.underline}**

Jefferson Lab integrates safety (EH&S collectively) principles and
functions into all work processes through the application of ISM. The
ISM System objective is to make safety, health, and environmental
protection a part of routine business at Jefferson Lab. In 2002 it was
noted that the format of the ISM System Plan did not support broadening
it to better incorporate Environmental Management System (EMS) core
elements and principles, as identified under EO 13148. A few related
improvements were made. Refer to Section 3.1 for more information.

**[General P2 Activities]{.underline}**

Jefferson Lab complies with EO 13148 and the PPA P2 goals by minimizing
use (source reduction), reusing to the maximum extent, recycling to the
extent practical, and, as a last resort, disposing of any wastes in the
most environmentally safe manner. The Lab continues to establish P2
goals to make reductions in standard sanitary, hazardous waste, and LLW
generation, and to improve recycling performance. A contractual
Performance Measure addresses this and is noted in Section 2.9.2.
Specific Lab P2 and E2 initiatives are discussed in Sections 3.2 and
3.5. There were no P2 compliance concerns in 2002.

#### 2.8.5.3 Results of Environmental Compliance Reviews {#results-of-environmental-compliance-reviews .unnumbered}

There was one internal environmental compliance review involving ISM in
2002 (refer to Section 3.1). The results of inspections from regulators
are provided in Section 3.3. The minor compliance-based issues
identified during one inspection were either promptly addressed or
resolved as possible. No issues resulted in any impact on the
environment.

#### 2.8.5.4 Progress on Implementing Environmentally and Economically Beneficial Landscaping Practices {#progress-on-implementing-environmentally-and-economically-beneficial-landscaping-practices .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab uses qualified subcontractors to take care of the facility
grounds. One beneficial practice is that grass cover is maintained in
open areas to prevent runoff. Fertilizers and herbicides are applied
locally on an as needed basis and not when rain is imminent to prevent
surface water contamination.

A new subcontract in FY 2002 required limiting the watering of beds to
weekly and encouraged the use of environmentally preferable products
such as compost, mulch, and items with recycled content. Governor
Warner's ban on watering in 2002 due to the region-wide drought impacted
landscape watering; however, over-seeding at CEBAF Center and the ARC
buildings did proceed, along with the subcontractor taking advantage of
rain events and heavy morning dew.

#### 2.8.5.5 EMS Self-Assessment Questionnaire {#ems-self-assessment-questionnaire .unnumbered}

A self-assessment of Jefferson Lab's EMS status was provided to the DOE
on September 21, 2001. Jefferson Lab does not have a separate EMS but
implements the EMS principles through the Lab's ISM System Plan. Some of
the items that make up an EMS, such as significant environmental
requirements, goals, and timeframes are spelled out within the DOE/SURA
operating contract and the Jefferson Lab EH&S Manual.

The Lab's EH&S programs, especially those in the EH&S Manual, will be
enhanced to incorporate EMS principles and core elements. Other site
documents will be reviewed and improved to better incorporate EMS
principles and practices.

#### 2.8.5.6 Secretarial P2 and E2 Goals {#secretarial-p2-and-e2-goals .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab is committed to meeting ten targets that address seven out
of the sixteen DOE-identified P2 and E2 goals. Additional funding will
be needed to meet some targets. The Lab's progress status is depicted in
Exhibit 2-3.

Of the ten applicable targets, nine are being measured, and one (Item
13) will be evaluated in the future. Of the nine measured, four met
objectives and five did not. Of those five, three (Items 6, 7, and 10)
are progressing towards meeting the Lab goals.

## 2.9 OTHER OBLIGATIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE CONTRACT {#other-obligations-identified-in-the-contract .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab has other environmental protection and public
health-related obligations. These obligations are incorporated into site
programs, including subcontractual agreements, exclusive of direct legal
requirements, e.g., Jefferson Lab's participation in DOE's NEPA process
and implementing EO 13123.

### 2.9.1 NEPA {#nepa .unnumbered}

NEPA requires that projects with potentially significant environmental
impacts be evaluated and alternative actions explored. These evaluations
are to be performed and reported as EAs or Environmental Impact
Statements. Jefferson Lab assists the DOE in implementing the NEPA
process on the site, including helping to prepare the appropriate NEPA
documents.

An EA for the proposed Newport News site for Jefferson Lab (formerly
CEBAF) was completed in 1987, prior to the construction of the facility,
and resulted in a FONSI. In 1997, an operations-related EA for the CEBAF
and FEL was completed, also resulting in a FONSI. A new EA covering the
construction of five new structures to support Lab operations resulted
in a FONSI in CY 2002. Refer to Section 3.4 for more NEPA information.
Jefferson Lab will respond to any requirements identified by the DOE
with respect to NEPA compliance issues, of which there were none in
2002.

### 2.9.2 DOE Guidance {#doe-guidance .unnumbered}

The current performance-based DOE/SURA Contract identifies DOE EP and
public health requirements in either a Performance Measure or in the
Environment, Safety, and Health (ES&H) Responsibilities portion in
Appendix E of the Contract.

Since incorporation of the WSS Set into the Contract, the only DOE
environmental documents specifically identified in either the WSS Set or
the Contract are DOE Orders 435.1, 5400.1, and 5400.5; DOE Notice 441.1;
and, DOE Standard 1023-95.

+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| []{ |                    |             |            |              |
| #__ |                    |             |            |              |
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| ons |                    |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **  | **[Act             | **DOE       | **[Lab     | **[End FY    |
| DOE | ion]{.underline}** | Goal**      | 2005       | 2002 Lab     |
| [G  |                    |             | T          | Status]{.    |
| oal |                    | **[FY 05 /  | arget]{.un | underline}** |
| ]{. |                    | FY          | derline}** |              |
| und |                    | 10]{.u      |            |              |
| erl |                    | nderline}** |            |              |
| ine |                    |             |            |              |
| }** |                    |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
|     | *Goal 1: based on  |             |            |              |
|     | FY 93 baseline*    |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **  | **Routine          | 90%         | 46% to 5.0 | Not Met      |
| 1** | Hazardous Waste    |             | MT         | (5.06 MT)    |
|     | Generated**        |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **  | **LLW Generated**  | 80%         | 63% to 3.5 | Not Met      |
| 1** |                    |             | M^3^       | (10.9 M^3^)  |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **  | **Low Level Mixed  | 80%         | 0          | Met (None to |
| 1** | Radioactive        |             |            | date)        |
|     | Generated**        |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **  | **TRI Chemical     | 90%         | Remain     | Met for CY   |
| 2** | Releases**         |             | under      | 2002         |
|     |                    |             | reporting  |              |
|     |                    |             | threshold  |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **  | **Sanitary Waste   | 75%/ 80%    | Not to     | Not Met (307 |
| 3** | from Routine       |             | exceed     | MT)          |
|     | Operations         |             | 1995       |              |
|     | Generated**        |             | baseline   |              |
|     |                    |             | (274 MT)   |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| *   | **Routine and      | 45%/ 50%    | 20% of by  | Met (40%     |
| *4\ | Non-routine        |             | FY05 25%   | includes all |
| *** | Sanitary Wastes    |             | by FY10    | recycled     |
|     | Recycled           |             |            | solids and   |
|     | (%recycled vs.     |             |            | liquids)     |
|     | disposed)**        |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| 5   | Reduce wastes from | 10%         | N/A        | N/A          |
|     | cleanup            | annually    |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **  | **Increase         | 100%        | 95%        | Not Met, but |
| 6** | purchases of EPA   |             |            | Progress     |
|     | designated items   |             |            | (87% from    |
|     | w/recycled         |             |            | 58.2% in     |
|     | content**          |             |            | FY00)        |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **  | **Reduce energy    | 40%/45%     | 15% by     | Not Met (No  |
| 7** | consumption in     | bldgs.      | FY05 using | values       |
|     | buildings and      | 20%/30%     | a 1992     | available    |
|     | laboratories**     | labs        | baseline   | for FY02)    |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| 8   | Purchase 'clean'   | Increase    | None       | \-           |
|     | electricity        | purchases   |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| 9   | Retrofit chillers  | Complete by | N/A        | N/A          |
|     | made before 1984   | FY 05       |            |              |
|     | using class I      |             |            |              |
|     | refrigerants       |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| **1 | **Eliminate use of | Complete by | Chiller    | Not Met      |
| 0** | Class I ODSs to    | FY 10       | r          |              |
|     | extent             |             | eplacement | (1 unit      |
|     | practicable**      |             | by FY05,   | replaced in  |
|     |                    |             | others     | FY02)        |
|     |                    |             | under      |              |
|     |                    |             | review.    |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| 11  | Reduce greenhouse  | 25%/30%     | None       | \-           |
|     | gas emissions      |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| 12  | Reduce vehicle     | 20% (vs.    | None       | \-           |
|     | fleet annual       | FY99)       |            |              |
|     | petroleum use      |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| 13  | Acquire 75% of     | Annually    | Evaluate   | (future)     |
|     | light duty         |             | options    |              |
|     | vehicles as        |             | with GSA   |              |
|     | alternative fuel   |             |            |              |
|     | vehicles           |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
| 14  | Increase usage     | 80%/90%     | None       | \-           |
|     | rate of alternate  |             |            |              |
|     | fuel vehicles      |             |            |              |
+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+
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+-----+--------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+

There are other orders in the Contract that do not apply to EH&S. A
process for reviewing new or revised DOE Orders for applicability at
Jefferson Lab has been implemented since 1999. In 2002, Jefferson Lab
continued to comply with applicable DOE documents, guidance, and related
contractual commitments.

### 2.9.3 Performance Measures  {#performance-measures .unnumbered}

Performance Measures are incorporated into the DOE/SURA Contract. Four
of

+----+-----------------------------------------------+----------------+
| [] |                                               |                |
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| es |                                               |                |
| ul |                                               |                |
| ts |                                               |                |
+----+-----------------------------------------------+----------------+
| *  | **[Performance Measure                        | > **FY 2002    |
| *[ | Description]{.underline}**                    | > Score        |
| I. |                                               | > [Received by |
| D  |                                               | > the          |
| .] |                                               | > Lab\*]       |
| {. |                                               | {.underline}** |
| un |                                               |                |
| de |                                               |                |
| rl |                                               |                |
| in |                                               |                |
| e} |                                               |                |
| ** |                                               |                |
+----+-----------------------------------------------+----------------+
| 5. | Minimizing Environmental Exceedances          | > 100%         |
| 0b |                                               |                |
+----+-----------------------------------------------+----------------+
| 5  | Fraction of Solid Waste Recycled              | > 100%         |
| .3 |                                               |                |
+----+-----------------------------------------------+----------------+
| 5. | Fraction of Radioactive Waste Produced for    | > 95%          |
| 4a | Useful Purposes                               |                |
+----+-----------------------------------------------+----------------+
| 5. | Ratio of Hazardous Waste Generated compared   | > 95%          |
| 4b | with the quantity that could have been        |                |
|    | generated if Waste Minimization was not       |                |
|    | practiced                                     |                |
+----+-----------------------------------------------+----------------+
| \  |                                               |                |
| *T |                                               |                |
| he |                                               |                |
| ca |                                               |                |
| lc |                                               |                |
| ul |                                               |                |
| at |                                               |                |
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| ns |                                               |                |
| us |                                               |                |
| ed |                                               |                |
| f  |                                               |                |
| or |                                               |                |
| s  |                                               |                |
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| ri |                                               |                |
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| a  |                                               |                |
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| t  |                                               |                |
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| c  |                                               |                |
| on |                                               |                |
| tr |                                               |                |
| ac |                                               |                |
| t. |                                               |                |
| (  |                                               |                |
| 10 |                                               |                |
| 0% |                                               |                |
| b  |                                               |                |
| ei |                                               |                |
| ng |                                               |                |
| op |                                               |                |
| ti |                                               |                |
| ma |                                               |                |
| l) |                                               |                |
+----+-----------------------------------------------+----------------+

them reflect EP issues. Exhibit 2-4 highlights relevant FY 2002 scores.

###  {#section-1 .unnumbered}

### 2.9.4 AL&R LIST {#alr-list .unnumbered}

Administrative environmental protection and public health requirements
are on the AL&R List. A violation would not directly impact the
environment; however, it could result in an administrative action. AL&R
standards are generally incorporated into site programs. There were no
known non-compliance issues in 2002.

## 2.10 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ACTIONS OF INTEREST {#other-environmental-issues-and-actions-of-interest .unnumbered}

Listed here are some issues or actions identified in 2002 that are worth
noting.

-   Due to the increased need for cryomodules for CEBAF, the FEL, and
    SNS, more cryomodule fabrication resulted in increased hazardous
    waste generation.

-   To help meet the Lab's waste minimization goal, a collaborative
    effort among Lab staff resulted in adding 11 new local recycling
    centers at some key buildings for office-related recyclables. As of
    the end of 2002, there were 16 recycling centers. For more
    information refer to Section 3.5.2.

-   EH&S Reporting staff developed a new web page, *EarthWise*, as well
    as the *Earth Watcher* Newsletter, to inform and encourage staff
    about "earth-friendly" activities at work and at home. Activities
    specific to the Jefferson Lab community are included on the web
    page.

-   Efforts by the Procurement Department improved the Lab's performance
    in implementing AP. A new web page specific to this program was
    introduced. Refer to Sections 2.8.3 and 3.2.1 for more information.

## 2.11 RELEASE REPORTING {#release-reporting .unnumbered}

There are no releases that require continuous release reporting. There
were two small EHM spills that are noted in Section 3.5.1. There were no
reportable spills or releases of any materials in 2002.

## 2.12 PERMIT SUMMARY {#permit-summary .unnumbered}

Information about permits held in 2002 is presented in Exhibit 2-5.

# SECTION 3 {#section-3 .unnumbered}

# ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM {#environmental-protection-program .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab's mission includes protection of the environment and
public health. There are many facets to the site EP program, including
an EMS strategy, which is integrated into facility operations under
Jefferson Lab's ISM System Plan. The site's EP program provides staff
the requirements and guidance for []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490776
.anchor}

+-------+------------+----------------------------------------+-------+
| > Ex  |            |                                        |       |
| hibit |            |                                        |       |
| >     |            |                                        |       |
|  2-5\ |            |                                        |       |
| >     |            |                                        |       |
|  Jeff |            |                                        |       |
| erson |            |                                        |       |
| > Lab |            |                                        |       |
| > Pe  |            |                                        |       |
| rmits |            |                                        |       |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------------+-------+
| *     | **[Permit  | **[Description]{.underline}**          | **P   |
| *[SER | N          |                                        | ermit |
| Se    | umber]{.un |                                        | [     |
| ction | derline}** |                                        | Dates |
| ]{.un |            |                                        | ]{.un |
| derli |            |                                        | derli |
| ne}** |            |                                        | ne}** |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------------+-------+
| 3.    | VA0089320  | VPDES Permit - Specifies allowable     | 7/16  |
| 6.1.2 |            | groundwater and surface water quality  | /1996 |
|       |            | on-site during accelerator operations. | th    |
|       |            | Assures groundwater unaffected at and  | rough |
|       |            | beyond site boundary.                  | 7/16  |
|       |            |                                        | /2006 |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------------+-------+
| 3.    | VAG253002\ | VPDES Permit - General Permit for      | 9/1   |
| 6.1.2 | (renewal   | Cooling Water Discharges - Authorizes  | /1999 |
|       | package    | cooling water discharges within        | th    |
|       | was        | identified discharge limitations.      | rough |
|       | submitted) |                                        | 3/1   |
|       |            |                                        | /2003 |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------------+-------+
| 3.    | HRSD No.   | Industrial Wastewater Discharge        | 10/1  |
| 6.2.1 | 0117       | Permit - Limits wastes to be           | /1987 |
|       |            | discharged to sewerage.                | th    |
|       |            |                                        | rough |
|       |            |                                        | 3/1   |
|       |            |                                        | /2007 |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------------+-------+
| 3.    | GW0030800  | Permit to Withdraw Groundwater -       | 11/1  |
| 6.2.2 |            | Authorizes maximum quantities of water | /1994 |
|       |            | to be withdrawn by dewatering of area  | th    |
|       |            | under experimental halls               | rough |
|       |            |                                        | 10/30 |
|       |            |                                        | /2004 |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------------+-------+
| 2.2.2 | 4727-45-01 | South Carolina Radioactive Waste       | Effe  |
|       |            | Transport Permit - authorization to    | ctive |
|       |            | transport LLW within the State         | th    |
|       |            |                                        | rough |
|       |            |                                        | 12/31 |
|       |            |                                        | /2003 |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------------+-------+

#  {#section-4 .unnumbered}

making environmentally preferable choices; identifies requirements for
radiological and non-radiological monitoring; and, reviews performance
through actions such as assessments and inspections. This section
provides information on these topics and other EP and public
health-related 2002 events and activities.

## ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Jefferson Lab's EMS is accomplished through implementation of the Lab's
ISM System Plan, which addresses environment, health, and safety
principles and functions, and through the detailed guidance in the Lab's
EH&S Manual. The primary objective of the ISM System Plan is to make
safety, health, and environmental protection a part of routine business
at Jefferson Lab.

The Lab's 2001 commitment to review and improve the ISM System Plan, as
well as the Lab's Quality Assurance Program Manual, to specifically
incorporate EMS principles and core elements in FY 2002, was
accomplished. The specific DOE/Jefferson Lab formats for these two
documents do not provide a place to include specific EMS items. However,
the Plan was modified to include references to the site EMS, and it was
determined that the actual site commitment to EMS will be further
incorporated into the Jefferson Lab EH&S Manual as it is updated.

Some specific items that make up an EMS, such as performance measures,
are included in the DOE/SURA operating contract. Other items, such as
the identification of environmental impacts, are documented in the EH&S
Manual. EMS is applied on-site as described here.

Site EP Policy

Jefferson Lab has both a mission statement and an EH&S policy. The
mission statement calls for excellence in all activities while the
policy commits the Lab to preserving the natural environment as well as
to conducting operations without adverse impact on the surrounding
community.

Environmental Planning and Analysis Procedures

Environmental planning and analysis is handled by documenting and
reviewing projects and activities for NEPA considerations. Line
management is responsible for providing notice of actions and impacts to
enable proper time for review and authorization as applicable. As well,
some subcontracts are updated to require and encourage subcontractors to
take EP into account.

Environmental Objectives and Targets

The Lab operates within contractual operating limits that include
staying within permit criteria. Exhibit 2-3 lists the targets for many
of the items identified in the Secretary of Energy's P2 and E2 Goals.
Exhibit 2-4 shows the four EP-related contract performance measures.

Implementation and Operations Controls

The DOE/SURA contract defines general terms and conditions for operation
and performance. EMS/ISM roles and responsibilities, along with some
implementation procedures, are included in the Lab's EH&S Manual. The
Manual is being augmented to include EMS items as EP chapters are
revised. No separate EMS training has been provided.

Identification of Environmental Aspects and Impacts

No EMS-specific analysis has been performed; however, previous NEPA and
other reviews have identified that the primary environmental aspects at
Jefferson Lab are radiological implications to air, water, the public,
and to local biota. As well, intensive use of resources, including
electricity and water, would be considered aspects.

Performance Measurement

The Lab semi-annually reviews performance measure results for various
topical areas that include EH&S. Specific energy efficiency performance
measures were under consideration during FY 2002.

Corrective Action and Self-Assessment Procedures

The ISM System Plan is reviewed annually and updated (most recently in
2002) as necessary and shared with the DOE Site Office. Implementation
of the ISM System was evaluated in 2002. This review identified a few
areas where ISM program improvements should be made. The Lab Director
has committed to making these changes. An implementation schedule has
been generated and is being coordinated by the Office of Assessment.

Management Review Process

The Lab's Director's Council, composed of top management, reviews the
ISM System Plan periodically through the self-assessment noted above.
The review is documented and open items are tracked until closure, with
regular status reports provided to the Lab Director.

## 3.2 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS {#major-environmental-programs .unnumbered}

### 3.2.1 Product and Service Life Cycles {#product-and-service-life-cycles .unnumbered}

> A variety of products and materials are obtained and used on-site.
> When the materials have served their purpose, they are declared 'no
> longer needed' and disposal is managed appropriately. As there are
> EH&S risks involved, Jefferson Lab has programs and procedures in
> place which include EP and sustainability considerations to: guide
> product and service subcontractor procurement; minimize resource use
> in all stages of an activity; ensure materials are used safely and
> appropriately; and, manage their disposition either as 'for reuse',
> 'for recycling', or 'for waste'.
>
> **[Purchasing and Planning]{.underline}**

### Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) {#environmentally-preferable-purchasing-epp .unnumbered}

The Lab has committed to integrating EP and sustainability
considerations into every aspect of the acquisition of products and
services. This commitment is based on EPA requirements and DOE
implementation goals. Jefferson Lab continues to make progress at
meeting these requirements. To accomplish this, the Lab:

-   uses an EPP focal point to train staff as well as to track and
    report the quantities of EPA-identified recycled content products
    purchased in comparison to those not having recycled content;

-   has set a goal for improving the performance of procuring
    EPA-identified items;

-   has identified the need to set goals to minimize (and eventually
    eliminate) all purchases of items containing ODSs and to purchase
    energy and water efficient products;

-   keeps staff informed about important factors, such as opportunities
    to improve our purchase of EPA-identified materials, and in
    selecting non-toxic or bio-based materials rather than a product
    that could have a greater environmental impact;

-   purchases and continues to use energy efficient products, such as
    certain computers, where possible. (During equipment repair and
    replacement, authorized repair parts are used and when equipment is
    beyond repair and must be replaced, an effort is made to utilize
    ENERGY STAR^^ replacements.);

-   uses an office product supplier which highlights recycled
    content-containing products in both its paper and on-line catalogs;
    and,

-   obtains lead shielding through the DOE Material Exchange network.

Two questions that staff and users are encouraged to ask themselves
prior to making a purchase are: "Is this product safest for the
environment and will it allow me to continue to do my job effectively?"
and "Is this product composed of recycled post-consumer material?"

There was a small improvement over last year's performance at buying
recycled-content materials, as reported in Section 2.8.3 and more
opportunities to improve this level are being investigated. In 2002, for
standard black/white printing on white or colored paper, where paper and
services are provided by the central Copy Center, 30% recycled-content
paper was utilized to the maximum extent possible. The exception is
limited to the high-speed color copier that does not function properly
when using recycled-content paper. The contract officer and the Copy
Center will continue to search for recycled-content paper that will not
inhibit operation of this copier.

Jefferson Lab's Procurement Group won an award at the 2002 DOE
Contractor "Best Practices Competition - Procurement\". The copy
services subcontract combines an innovative incentive system with a
state-of-the-art network infrastructure to promote both excellence and
efficiency, which improves productivity and reduces cost.

> EP Considerations in Building and System Design and Construction
> Activities

Though the CEBAF accelerator complex is the site's primary energy user,
energy management principles are applied throughout the Lab to the
extent possible. Subcontractors and staff involved with the design of
new buildings or with changing and updating existing buildings or
utility systems considered and implemented energy and water conserving
strategies in 2002.

> Energy Management

With an increased emphasis on energy management, selected mechanical and
electrical improvements have been made to building and process systems
and equipment in order to improve their performance and reliability.

The following projects or initiatives began and/or were completed in
2002.

-   Energy Management Policy - a draft policy is being developed by
    Facilities Management.

-   VARC - a capital improvement and energy conservation project with
    the complete refurbishment of the building's heating, ventilating,
    and air-conditioning system that included new boilers, air handlers,
    and an air-cooled chiller (instead of a water system), and a new
    control system.

-   Test Lab - metering for process equipment was added and a new
    chilled water system was being designed to provide Test Lab and
    accelerator site cooling that will result in the replacement of two
    ODS-containing chillers.

-   Accelerator Site - a new cooling tower with variable frequency drive
    motors was installed to facilitate cooling in the experimental
    halls.

-   Various locations - lighting systems were upgraded in numerous
    buildings. Existing ballasts and lamps (T12) were changed to
    electronic, high frequency ballasts using T8 lamps. Light switches
    in many offices and conference rooms now have automatic occupancy
    sensor switches.

-   Besides continuing to monitor energy activities for many site
    buildings, Facilities Management added more meters to buildings to
    better monitor energy usage.

-   One Facilities Management manager received training in using Life
    Cycle analysis for all new buildings.

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-   One new construction subcontract required that the subcontractor
    provide an EP Plan in addition to the required Safety Plan. This
    first EP Plan, that included erosion and sediment control
    commitments, was approved in January 2003 and demonstrated the
    subcontractor's commitment to EP.

> Water Conservation

With an increased emphasis on water conservation, especially due to the
2002 drought, water-using processes and site maintenance activities are
getting extra attention. New projects that need water are being reviewed
to minimize water use. Existing water-using activities are, or will be,
evaluated to reduce water usage as much as possible. (Refer to the next
section.)

###  {#section-5 .unnumbered}

### [Environmentally Preferable Use]{.underline} {#environmentally-preferable-use .unnumbered}

Besides selecting the best environmentally preferred product or service
for the desired activity, staff and users of Jefferson Lab are
responsible for following safe and environmentally sound use, storage,
and waste management practices.

Factors, such as ensuring that secondary containment is present and
proper ventilation for the process is provided, help to minimize
exposure to potential hazards. Proper chemical handling and storage
procedures are presented in *Chapter 6610* of the EH&S Manual. Lab staff
and subcontractors have taken opportunities to minimize energy and water
use, such as shutting off lights when not in the room, and the Lab
provides prompt response to address reported water leaks.

Available techniques are used to minimize water use, including a regular
maintenance program. Jefferson Lab uses about\
56 million gallons of water annually, with 79% directly related to
process or facility heat rejection. Much of this water is evaporated in
cooling towers for process cooling and air conditioning. The following
actions to minimize water use were taken in 2002:

-   Facilities Management modified one furnace that cooled with only one
    pass of water and created a closed loop cooling tower circuit to
    make it more water efficient.

-   The wastewater from a new low conductivity water de-oxygenation
    system is now being captured and used as makeup cooling water.

-   Water conservation has been built into the grounds maintenance
    subcontracts. Subcontractors are limited to irrigation at a rate of
    1 inch per week, including rain. Water usage is monitored and usage
    is counted in the subcontractors' overall performance rating.

### [Environmentally Preferable Disposal]{.underline} {#environmentally-preferable-disposal .unnumbered}

Today's rapidly changing technologies, products, and practices carry the
risk of generating materials and wastes that, if improperly managed,
could threaten public health and the environment. In this regard,
Jefferson Lab encourages, and in some cases requires, the purchase and
use of products and services whose waste products will have minimal
impact on the environment and public health. Once the waste is
generated, staff are responsible for ensuring proper segregation and
disposal of waste items.

Jefferson Lab staff have a range of options for disposition of materials
to include recycling, neutralizing, scrapping, providing spent chemicals
or equipment to co-workers on-site or to other DOE facilities, and
disposing in a local landfill. The Lab intends for all items to be
disposed of in the most environmentally acceptable manner that meets all
applicable regulatory and contractual requirements. In accordance with
these intentions, the Lab:

-   Provided information to staff regarding reuse opportunities through
    the DOE Materials Exchange website;

-   Further expanded its recycling efforts in 2002 by establishing 11
    additional "local recycling centers". (Refer to Section 3.5.2 for
    more information on the Lab's recycling program); and,

-   Initiated a program to standardize waste and recycling containers to
    facilitate proper disposal.

### 3.2.2 Waste Minimization and Pollution Prevention (WMin/P2) {#waste-minimization-and-pollution-prevention-wminp2 .unnumbered}

The PPA established P2 as a national objective and the most important
component of the environmental management hierarchy. Waste minimization,
in combination with other P2 strategies, is recognized as the most
cost-effective form of EP.

The purpose of Jefferson Lab's WMin/P2 Awareness Plan is to foster the
philosophy that prevention is superior to either paying for special
disposal or for remediation, and thus focuses on minimizing waste
generation.

WMin/P2 reduces the quantity of EHMs and other pollutants or
contaminants entering a waste stream or the environment prior to
recycling or treatment. Various wastes, including air emissions and
water discharges, can be significantly reduced or sometimes eliminated
entirely by reviewing processes during the planning phase or prior to
altering current operations. These practices benefit the environment,
protect employees and public health, and reduce site waste disposal
costs. Specific objectives of this program include:

-   making employees aware of WMin/P2 program requirements, goals,
    accomplishments, and general environmental activities and hazards at
    the site;

-   informing employees, users, and visitors of specific environmental
    issues such as opportunities for recycling; and,

-   encouraging staff and recognizing efforts to enhance the environment
    through WMin/P2.

Facilities Management and other staff continue to explore opportunities
to find users or vendors that will take or buy items that are no longer
needed for Jefferson Lab business.

Site WMin/P2 highlights and significant accomplishments that are
instrumental in meeting site waste reduction performance goals include:

-   Eliminating cyanide use in electroplating operations.

-   Expanding recycling efforts. (See Section 3.5.2)

> The site performance status, as highlighted in Exhibit 2-3, shows
> progress in meeting site objectives based on the following DOE goals.

-   Total number of DOE Goals: 16

-   Total number of Applicable Goals: 10

-   Goals Met in FY02: 4

-   Goals currently 'Not Applicable' that are to be evaluated at a later
    date: 1

> To reemphasize that AP minimizes disposed wastes, employees have
> recently been re-instructed that they may not purchase EPA-listed
> items, such as binders and traffic cones, if they do not contain
> recycled content. Guidance regarding available alternatives is
> obtainable through Business Services and EH&S Reporting staff.
>
> Guidance stating that no items or equipment containing an ODS can be
> purchased without prior approval has also been provided. Staff were
> further re-informed in 2002 that all reclaimed ODS materials had to be
> provided to the DOE or DOD ODS banks.

###  {#section-6 .unnumbered}

### 3.2.3 Overview of the Environmental Monitoring Program {#overview-of-the-environmental-monitoring-program .unnumbered}

Environmental monitoring is one of the primary methods used by the Lab
to assess environmental conditions. Monitoring is conducted to: verify
compliance with applicable regulations and other requirements; evaluate
the Lab's impact on the environment and public health; identify
potential environmental problems; provide data to support management
decisions; and, evaluate the need for remedial actions or mitigative
measures.

The Environmental Monitoring Program establishes guidelines for
examining chemical, oil, and radioactive effluents generated from the
facility. An integral part of the program is routine sampling and
tracking of air, process water, wastewater, and groundwater. These are
monitored to ensure that Jefferson lab effluents do not have a negative
impact on the surrounding environment and that effluents remain within
the allowable range. Jefferson Lab also assesses the effects of Lab
activities by measuring, monitoring, and calculating the effects of
past, current, and future Lab operations on the environment and public
health.

Both permit-required and routine monitoring emphasize potential
environmental exposure pathways appropriate to medium-energy particle
physics laboratories. These pathways include external and internal
exposure to radiation, the major focus of the site's program. The
external exposure potential is from direct penetrating (10 CFR 834
(draft) and 10 CFR 835) and airborne radiation (40 CFR 61, Subpart H).
The internal exposure pathway is from H-3 (tritium) and Na-22 (a sodium
isotope) in potential drinking water sources. These exposure potentials
are discussed in Section 4 and do not present a concern either on or off
the Jefferson Lab site at this time.

Sampling is conducted in a manner that adequately characterizes effluent
streams. Standard collection and analysis methods are used where
applicable and are documented in program and departmental procedures.
Routine environmental monitoring is performed under the direction of
responsible line management and overseen by the Lab's Office of
Assessment (formerly the Office of Technical Performance).

Environmental monitoring data collected in 2002 included information
about:

-   operational measurements at site boundary monitor locations;

-   groundwater quality for long-term facility operations;

-   effluents to the sanitary sewer;

-   groundwater dewatering discharges; and,

-   other effluent streams, such as cooling water at the cooling towers.

On-site environmental surveillance continued in 2002. Environmental
baseline data were obtained prior to the start of routine accelerator
operations. Baseline data are compared with data obtained during ongoing
facility operations to ensure that Lab operations are not adversely
affecting public health or the environment.

Throughout 2002, the RadCon Group reviewed radiological and
non-radiological environmental monitoring information stemming from
accelerator operations for conformity with applicable standards.

Refer to Section 4 for the environmental radiological program discussion
and to Section 5 for environmental non-radiological program information.

### 3.2.4 Site Permits {#site-permits .unnumbered}

Environmental permits held by the DOE Site Office are listed in Exhibit
2-5, and compliance with each is discussed in Section 2.5 of this
report. All permits citing limits and conditions involving water are
discussed further in Sections 4.3 and 5.1.

There were two permit violations in 2002 as a result of the late
submittal of pH information to HRSD in February (refer to\
Section 2.5.2.1). This was a minor administrative issue and had no
effect on the environment.

## 3.3 APPRAISALS, ASSESSMENTS, AND INSPECTIONS  {#appraisals-assessments-and-inspections .unnumbered}

The DOE Site Office, the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office, and various
Commonwealth and local authorities provide external oversight of the
Jefferson Lab EP Program. Actions of note are described here.

**DOE Review of Jefferson Lab Self-Assessment**

The DOE Site Office's Overlay Report, produced in conjunction with
SURA's annual Lab-wide self-assessment, covers EH&S topics, contains
Site Office observations and reviews, DOE appraisal results, and other
information. The Report provides an overall performance assessment for
the year. For\
FY 2002, the Overlay Performance Evaluation Report yielded a rating of
"Outstanding" in the EH&S category.

**ISM (and EMS)**

The ISM System Plan was reviewed and updated in 2002 and the Lab's ISM
System program was assessed in 2002. Refer to Sections 2.8.5.2 and 3.1
for more information.

**External Reviews**

A Radiological Control Program Peer Review was conducted in August 2002
at Jefferson Lab, which is categorized as a low-hazard, non-nuclear
accelerator facility. The review covered the many programmatic areas
assigned to the RadCon Group. The current site program was noted as
being carried out enthusiastically and in support of the Lab's mission.
If radiological aspects, such as site boundary and waste management
concerns, increase over time, additional support could be needed. The
new radioactive material management program was noted as improved over
the earlier system. The site's radiological control program was deemed
to be "Outstanding" by the reviewers.

**External Inspections**

There were three external environmental inspections during 2002.

-   HRSD staff performed the annual Jefferson Lab site inspection on
    March 7^th^. The inspection covered buildings 19 (Forestry), 31
    (Acid Storage Building), and 87 (Accelerator Maintenance Support),
    as well as the new meters that were installed since the 2001
    inspection. Jefferson Lab permit records and HRSD meter information
    were also reviewed. Information regarding the change in hazardous
    waste vendors was requested and provided. No deficiencies were
    identified.

-   In May, the DEQ performed an inspection which resulted in two
    administrative deficiencies. First, a large city water leak on the
    site was not documented appropriately or reported promptly to the
    DEQ. The second resulted from a failure to follow standard
    information transfer procedures, which led to reporting incorrect
    information. Jefferson Lab assured the DEQ that prompt notifications
    and information transfer procedures would be followed with future
    events. (Refer to section 2.5.1.2).

-   At the Lab's request, a DEQ hazardous waste representative inspected
    the site as well as the Lab's Hazardous Waste Management Program on
    September 5^th^. The inspector evaluated the Lab's program to
    determine whether any program changes would be necessary in the
    event that Jefferson Lab should occasionally exceed SQG generation
    limits as a result of a planned new chemical use activity beginning
    in early 2003. The\
    DEQ-identified program changes included ensuring that the duties and
    requirements of all hazardous waste handlers are included in their
    job descriptions and that prompt notification be made to DEQ in the
    event of an SQG limit exceedance. If and when an exceedance does
    occur, the requirements for Large Quantity Generators, including
    shipping timeframes and biennial reporting, become applicable. The
    inspector visited the ARC and buildings 19 (Forestry), 33 (Chemical
    Storage), and 58 (Test Lab) - no concerns were identified.
    Information about the waste chlorine gas that had to be rerouted was
    provided to the inspector. See\
    Section 3.5.1.

**Line Self-Assessments**

Line managers perform annual line self-assessments (LSAs) of their
organizational elements. The LSAs are broad in scope, covering the
accomplishment of the elements' goals, including EH&S. The
Self-Assessment/Quality Assurance (SA/QA) Group performs independent
assessments (IAs) of four or more of the Lab's organizational units each
year, focusing on EH&S. Deficiencies identified through the IAs are
tracked by SA/QA until the corrective actions are completed. Three
recommendations stemming from an IA in 2001 and resolved in 2002
addressed the Lab\'s AP program. To ensure AP program requirements are
properly applied in the acquisition and procurement processes, the
Lab\'s EH&S Manual is being amended to include necessary AP program
information.

## 3.4 NEPA ACTIVITY {#nepa-activity .unnumbered}

NEPA, as amended, outlines the Federal policy to restore and enhance the
environment and to attain the widest range of beneficial use without
degradation. NEPA-related actions are handled in conjunction with the
DOE, which is committed to following the related EPA regulations.
Jefferson Lab assists the DOE by preparing documents and performing
assessments of existing documentation. NEPA actions performed in 2002
are as follows:

-   DOE/EA-1384 and its associated FONSI documented DOE's EP commitments
    involving five future construction projects.

-   Twelve Categorical Exclusion's (CXs) that pertain to regular
    activities, including the "Management of Radioactive Waste at
    TJNAF", were renewed.

-   One project CX that covers the chiller upgrade project at the Test
    Lab, which involves the replacement of two old CFC-containing
    chillers, and other energy improvement activities was approved.

-   The internal approval process for very small-scale construction
    projects and other minor activities that are covered under site EAs
    and CXs continued.

-   The collection of background information to support a new EA was
    started in 2002. The new EA will address planned upgrades to the
    CEBAF and FEL accelerators and the expansion of the site's Central
    Helium Liquefier complex.

## 3.5 SUMMARY OF OTHER SIGNIFICANT SITE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES {#summary-of-other-significant-site-environmental-activities .unnumbered}

### 3.5.1 Issues and Actions {#issues-and-actions .unnumbered}

> Safeguards and Security

The Lab issued an Integrated Security Management program in 2002. This
program clearly identifies Jefferson Lab's role in meeting DOE and other
Federal and local security-related requirements. The on-site presence of
some EHS chemicals are addressed under this program.

> Drought in the Mid-Atlantic United States

Low levels of snow cover and rainfall in 2002 led to a serious drought
that affected the entire region. Jefferson Lab's grounds subcontractor
complied with the mandated watering restrictions and implemented a plan
to ensure sprinkling was not performed if there had been a recent
rainfall.

> Chlorine Gas Disposal

A hazardous waste shipment of chlorine gas containers, shipped on August
13^th^, had to be rerouted while in transit to a disposal facility in
Texas after the New York facility burned down. Documentation concerning
this event was provided to the DEQ.

> Emergency Management Exercise

The year's exercise consisted of a table-top exercise that involved an
employee who was injured within the fenced accelerator site. There were
no environmental concerns; however, improvements to the emergency
notification procedures were identified as a result of the exercise.

> EHM Spills

There were two minor petroleum product releases involving a radiator
coolant spill and a leaky diesel tank line. The instances were minor and
quickly corrected by line management and EH&S staff.

> SPCC Plan

New regulatory requirements became effective. The Lab began considering
the implications involving the new annual briefing requirements for all
'oil workers'.

> Other items of note include:

-   The Lab began handling crushed fluorescent lamps and small used
    batteries as universal waste.

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-   The Lab's Business Services Department received a DOE Closing the
    Circle Award for implementing the idea of using a central copy
    center to manage many site photocopy needs.

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-   The first edition of the Lab's *Earth Watcher* newsletter was
    published in Winter 2002.

-   The new *EarthWise* website was updated monthly and includes at
    least one Jefferson Lab specific article.
    [www.jlab.org/intralab/earthwise/index.html](http://www.jlab.org/intralab/earthwise/index.html)

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-   A site storm water management study was completed in 2002. It is
    being used to highlight areas that need prompt attention and will
    also serve as a long-range planning tool.

###  3.5.2 Recycling {#recycling .unnumbered}

The Lab continues to implement waste reduction strategies and to educate
and encourage staff on the proper disposition of recyclable materials.
Through a collaborative effort between EH&S Reporting and Facilities
Management during CY2001, office product recycling centers were
established in two high-use buildings. During 2002, 11 additional
recycling centers were set-up throughout the Lab, each coordinated by
local volunteers. See Exhibit 3-1 for a list of locations and items
collected. Eight of the centers collect all products noted.

+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Exhibit 3-1                    |                                     |
|                                |                                     |
| []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490778 |                                     |
| .anchor}Recycling Center       |                                     |
| Locations and Items Collected  |                                     |
| in 2002                        |                                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ARC rooms **225**, **440**,    | Aluminum cans                       |
| **526**, & 706                 |                                     |
|                                | Small batteries                     |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | Cardboard                           |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | CD's/Diskettes                      |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | Copier/Fax/Inkjet/Laser Cartridges  |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | Greeting Cards                      |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | Paper Wastes                        |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | Styrofoam Peanuts                   |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | Telephone books                     |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | Transparencies                      |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | Tyvek Envelopes                     |
|                                |                                     |
|                                | Plastic Bottles                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Buildings 52, 52B, 85, 87,     |                                     |
| **89**                         |                                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| CEBAF Center                   |                                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| FEL                            |                                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Test Lab**                   |                                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **Trailer City** (3)           |                                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **VARC**                       |                                     |
+--------------------------------+-------------------------------------+

The full service centers, noted in bold in Exhibit 3-1, have containers
for twelve recyclable product types. Small batteries were added to the
recycling program in 2002. The small sums received from recycling the
toner cartridges and aluminum cans are returned to the recycling budget
to help pay for subsequent recycling activities. The presence of local
recycling centers has considerably increased staff recycling awareness.
Lab-wide response and participation in recycling continued to grow.

Communication channels, such as the Lab's *On-Target* newsletter, the
*Earth Watcher* newsletter and EarthWise web page, and personal
interactions by EH&S Reporting and local recycling center coordinators
continued to function to inform people about recycling activities.

The quantities of materials recycled in FY2002, as reported to the DOE,
are shown in Exhibit 3-2.

### 3.5.3 Hazardous and Special Wastestreams {#hazardous-and-special-wastestreams .unnumbered}

Variations in hazardous waste generation rates have been recognized and
documented with the use of Performance Measures. Jefferson Lab has made
notable progress in meeting hazardous waste minimization objectives.
Accelerator Division EH&S staff, in particular, continued to emphasize
substitution, reduction, and reuse of hazardous materials in the
workplace.

In the category of special wastestreams, in FY02 Jefferson Lab generated
about\
5.1 tons (5100 kg) of hazardous waste and about 3.4 tons (11 cubic
meters) of LLW. Except for the small amount of asbestos discussed in
Section 2.2.7, no TSCA or mixed wastes (a combination of hazardous and
radioactive) were generated during FY 2002.

The radioactive waste generated was less than CY 2001, but was still a
large amount. This was primarily due to designating as waste some
radioactive materials that were being stored in special holding areas to
allow for decay and possible reuse. This material was designated waste
and is being stored until it is prepared for shipment at a later date.

  --------------------------------- -------------------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490779    
  .anchor}Exhibit 3-2\              
  Quantities of Items Recycled or   
  Reused in FY 2002                 

  [Description]{.underline}         [Quantity (tons (kg))]{.underline}

  Paper Products (office paper &    39.9 (36,233)
  cardboard)^\#^                    

  Aluminum Cans^\#^                 0.64 (580)

  Plastic Bottles^\#^               0.033 (30)

  Scrap Metal (reclaimed through    85.2 (77,238)
  GSA)                              

  Used Oil & Coolant                7.3 (6,622)

  Large, car-type batteries         0.16 (145)

  Fluorescent Lamps                 0.5 (454)

  Toner Cartridges^\#^              0.53 (480)

  Transparencies^\#^                0.038 (34.7)

  Computer Disks^\#^                0.0068 (6.2)

  Circuit Boards and Electronics    0.011 (10)

  Small batteries^\#^               0.2 (181)

  New/Used All Occasion Cards\*     0.042 (38)

  \*DOE initiative - provide to St. 
  Jude's Ranch for Children to      
  reuse.\                           
  ^\#^Items collected in office,    
  kitchen, and recycling centers.   
  --------------------------------- -------------------------------------

![](media/image8.wmf){width="2.046527777777778in"
height="2.595138888888889in"}

![](media/image9.wmf){width="2.8305555555555557in"
height="2.426388888888889in"}

**Recycling Centers Located at CEBAF Center (Building 12) and VARC
(Building 28)**

# SECTION 4 {#section-4-1 .unnumbered}

# ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL PROGRAM {#environmental-radiological-program .unnumbered}

Radioactive materials are used in many research activities at Jefferson
Lab. The radiological impact of these materials and potential effective
dose equivalents to members of the public from various pathways, such as
inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption, were evaluated to show
compliance with EPA and DOE regulatory limits. During 2002, very low
levels of radioactive gaseous and particulate emissions were released
from facility ventilation exhausts.

Jefferson Lab operations had minimal radiological dose impact to the
public and the environment. The ambient external dose measured was on
the order of 1% of natural background levels or 3 mrem (30 µSv
(microSieverts)). The effective dose equivalent to the maximally exposed
individual from NESHAP air emissions for 2002 was calculated to be 0.007
mrem (0.07 µSv), as reported to the EPA. This dose is insignificant when
compared to the EPA regulatory public air-dose limit of 10 mrem/yr (100
µSv/yr). The

annual effective dose equivalent to an individual consuming contaminated
water was so small it could not be measured. The maximum dose impact to
the individual from both the air and direct pathways combined was 3 mrem
(30 µSv). This is 3% of the DOE regulatory dose limit for members of the
public from all pathways, which is 100 mrem (1000 µSv).

In 2002, the dose to terrestrial biota was also evaluated. No
radiological doses, either to terrestrial animals or plants, above
natural background were recorded from Jefferson Lab operations. There
are no aquatic species in the Jefferson Lab vicinity that could be
affected by Lab operations, so no such dose estimates are provided.

A summary of dose and release reporting for 2002 is provided in Exhibits
4-1, 4-2, and 4-3. More detailed information is provided later in the
chapter. Note that information about all electron accelerator-related
radionuclides, with the potential for release from the site, is
documented in this chapter. All important discharges or releases of
radioactive constituents are documented herein. There were no
non-routine releases in 2002 so all values shown result from routine
operations.

+---------+-----------+--------+----------+--------+------------------+
| []      |           |        |          |        |                  |
| {#__Ref |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Heading |           |        |          |        |                  |
| ___Toc4 |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 7490780 |           |        |          |        |                  |
| .       |           |        |          |        |                  |
| anchor} |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Exhibit |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 4-1\    |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Je      |           |        |          |        |                  |
| fferson |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Lab     |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Radio   |           |        |          |        |                  |
| logical |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Dose    |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Re      |           |        |          |        |                  |
| porting |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Table   |           |        |          |        |                  |
| for CY  |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 2002    |           |        |          |        |                  |
+---------+-----------+--------+----------+--------+------------------+
|         | **Dose to | **% of | **E      | **     | **Estimated      |
|         | Maximally | DOE**  | stimated | Popula | Background       |
|         | Exposed** |        | Po       | tion** | Radiation        |
|         |           |        | pulation |        | Population**     |
|         |           |        | Dose**   |        |                  |
+---------+-----------+--------+----------+--------+------------------+
| **[P    | **I       | **100  | **(per   | **w    | **Dose\          |
| athway] | ndividual | m      | son-rem) | ithin\ | [(person         |
| {.under | [mrem /   | rem/yr | /        | [80    | -rem)/(person-Sv |
| line}** | (m        | [Li    | [(p      | km]{.  | )]{.underline}** |
|         | Sv)]{.und | mit]{. | erson-Sv | underl |                  |
|         | erline}** | underl | )]{.unde | ine}** |                  |
|         |           | ine}** | rline}** |        |                  |
+---------+-----------+--------+----------+--------+------------------+
| Air     | 7 E-03 (7 | 7 E-03 | 0.013    | \-     | N/A              |
|         | E-05)     |        |          |        |                  |
|         |           |        | (        |        |                  |
|         |           |        | 1.3E-04) |        |                  |
+---------+-----------+--------+----------+--------+------------------+
| Water   | 0         | 0      | N/A      | \-     | N/A              |
+---------+-----------+--------+----------+--------+------------------+
| Other   | 3 (3      | 3      | Unknown/ | \-     | N/A              |
| P       | E-02)     |        | Un       |        |                  |
| athways |           |        | knowable |        |                  |
+---------+-----------+--------+----------+--------+------------------+
| All     | 3 (3      | 3      |          | 2      | N/A              |
| P       | E-02)     |        |          | 14,000 |                  |
| athways |           |        |          | est.   |                  |
+---------+-----------+--------+----------+--------+------------------+
| Note:   |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 0.007 = |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 7 x     |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 10^-3^  |           |        |          |        |                  |
| = 7     |           |        |          |        |                  |
| E-03    |           |        |          |        |                  |
|         |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Values  |           |        |          |        |                  |
| pr      |           |        |          |        |                  |
| esented |           |        |          |        |                  |
| in      |           |        |          |        |                  |
| E       |           |        |          |        |                  |
| xhibits |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 4-1,    |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 4-2, &  |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 4-3 are |           |        |          |        |                  |
| pr      |           |        |          |        |                  |
| esented |           |        |          |        |                  |
| in      |           |        |          |        |                  |
| Sci     |           |        |          |        |                  |
| entific |           |        |          |        |                  |
| N       |           |        |          |        |                  |
| otation |           |        |          |        |                  |
| (e      |           |        |          |        |                  |
| xample, |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 2 E-05  |           |        |          |        |                  |
| is      |           |        |          |        |                  |
| 0       |           |        |          |        |                  |
| .00002) |           |        |          |        |                  |
+---------+-----------+--------+----------+--------+------------------+

+---------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| []      |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| {#__Ref |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Heading |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| ___Toc4 |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 7490781 |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| .       |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| anchor} |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Exhibit |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 4-2\    |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Je      |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| fferson |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Lab     |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Radio   |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| logical |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Atmo    |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| spheric |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| R       |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| eleases |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| for     |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 2002    |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+---------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **Radio | *    | **    | **C  | **N  | **O  | **Cl | **Cl | **Ar |
| nuclide | *Tri | Be-7\ | -11\ | -13\ | -15\ | -38\ | -39\ | -41\ |
| [       | tium | [\[53 | [\[  | [\[  | [\   | [\[3 | [\[  | [\[  |
| \[half- | [\[1 | .6    | 20.3 | 9.96 | [123 | 7.29 | 55.5 | 1.83 |
| life\]] | 2.26 | d     | m\   | m\   | sec\ | m\   | m\   | hr\  |
| {.under | yr\  | ays\] | ]]{. | ]]{. | ]]{. | ]]{. | ]]{. | ]]{. |
| line}** | ]]{. | ]{.un | unde | unde | unde | unde | unde | unde |
|         | unde | derli | rlin | rlin | rlin | rlin | rlin | rlin |
|         | rlin | ne}** | e}** | e}** | e}** | e}** | e}** | e}** |
|         | e}** |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+---------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Ci (Bq) | 3.1  | > 2.1 | >    | >    | >    | >    | >    | >    |
| in\     | E-02 | >     |  6.3 |  4.8 |  2.6 |  2.7 |  3.2 |  1.4 |
| CY 2002 | (1.1 | E-03\ | > E  | > E  | > E  | > E  | > E  | > E  |
|         | E    | > (   | -01\ | +00\ | +00\ | -02\ | -01\ | -03\ |
|         | +09) | > 7.8 | >    | >    | >    | >    | >    | >    |
|         |      | >     | (2.3 | (1.8 | (9.6 | (1.0 | (1.2 | (5.2 |
|         |      | E+07) | > E  | > E  | > E  | > E  | > E  | > E  |
|         |      |       | +10) | +11) | +10) | +09) | +10) | +07) |
+---------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Notes:  |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 1 pCi = |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 1 x     |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 10E-12  |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Ci =    |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 0.037   |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Bq      |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|         |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| m:      |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| minutes |      |       |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+---------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

  -------------------------------- --------------------------- ------------------------ -------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490782                                                        
  .anchor}Exhibit 4-3\                                                                  
  Jefferson Lab Liquid Effluent                                                         
  Releases of Radioactive Material                                                      
  for 2002                                                                              

  **[Radionuclide]{.underline}**   **[Tritium]{.underline}**   **[Be-7]{.underline}**   **[Na-22]{.underline}**

  Ci (Bq) in CY 2002               1.06 E+00 (3.9 E+10)        2.4 E-04 (8.9 E+06)      1.5 E-05 (5.6 E+05)

  Notes: Permit level is 5 Ci for                                                       
  Tritium and 1 Ci for all other                                                        
  gamma-emitting radionuclides.                                                         
  -------------------------------- --------------------------- ------------------------ -------------------------

## 4.1 SITE INFORMATION {#site-information .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab protects the environment and the public from exposure to
radiation. The radiological monitoring program is the primary means used
at Jefferson Lab to verify accomplishment of this objective. Other
support activities include: using permanent and temporary shielding;
using active and passive controls at activated water locations; and,
following proper protocols when handling radioactive materials and
wastes.

The radiological monitoring program is designed to verify that radiation
exposures, both for on-site radiation workers and for members of the
general public, are below permissible levels and as low as reasonably
achievable. The program also assures that Lab support activities and
accelerator testing and operations, as described within the approved
operational safety envelope, will result in minimum impacts to the
environment and have minimal to no effect on public health.

## 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING {#environmental-radiation-monitoring .unnumbered}

Accelerator operations produce three types of radioactivity that can
impact the general public: direct or prompt, airborne, and waterborne.
Jefferson Lab performed extensive environmental monitoring in 2002 to
measure these three forms of accelerator-produced radiation. Pathways to
the general public are modeled and monitored when appropriate or as
indicated by law. The decision to monitor a particular pathway is based
on the:

-   type of operations;

-   radionuclides released;

-   potential hazard;

-   experience from previous monitoring results at Jefferson Lab; and,

-   experience at other nuclear and high-energy physics laboratories.

## 4.3 AIRBORNE AND WATERBORNE RADIOACTIVITY {#airborne-and-waterborne-radioactivity .unnumbered}

### 4.3.1 Direct Radiation and Airborne Radioactivity {#direct-radiation-and-airborne-radioactivity .unnumbered}

In addition to direct radiation, the interaction of the accelerator beam
with matter can cause the formation of radioactive materials through
activation of the matter. The beamlines, magnets, beamline-components,
targets, detectors, other experimental area equipment, and the energy
dissipating devices (beam dumps) used to contain the beam's energy may
become activated. Cooling and ground waters, lubricants, and air in the
beam enclosure may also become activated. These activated air, water,
and particulates are possible sources of airborne and waterborne
radioactivity. Though the direct radiation stops when the accelerator is
turned off, this activated equipment, water, and air continue to emit
radiation.

Controls are in place to minimize the effects of both direct radiation
and radiation from activated materials on Lab personnel, the
environment, and the public.

-   The beam enclosure area is surrounded by radiation shielding.

-   Direct radiation is monitored both\
    on-site and at the site boundary.

-   Interlocked access points provide a fail-safe barrier against entry
    to the beam enclosure during accelerator operations.

-   The monitoring of airborne radioactivity is carried out locally to
    validate calculations and estimates of radiation dose.

-   All material exposed to the beam is monitored for radioactivity
    prior to being removed from the beam enclosure.

![](media/image10.wmf){width="2.7416666666666667in" height="2.05625in"}

Shielding Blocks at the Hall C\
Truck Ramp Entrance

> While radiation dose rates offsite are expected to be well below
> limits set for the general public, monitoring ensures that the
> established controls are effective.

-   Waterborne activity is discussed in Section 4.3.2.

-   Monitoring for exposure of the public to direct radiation is
    discussed in Section 4.4.

    The monitoring for public exposure to airborne emissions is
    addressed below.

Airborne emissions at the site boundary are addressed under the EPA
requirements discussed in Section 2.4.2. Airborne radionuclide
concentrations at the site boundary have been too low to accurately
measure. Annual calculations, using EPA-approved computer modeling
codes, have indicated that Jefferson Lab operational emissions remain
several orders of magnitude lower than the EPA 10 mrem/yr reporting
limit. Calculated results based on an EPA-approved computer program,
CAP-88 PC, are presented in Exhibit 4-4. Despite this very low
calculated release rate, Jefferson Lab continued being proactive in 2002
by making continuous measurements to verify the calculations. A report
covering\
CY 2002 was sent to the EPA as described in 40 CFR 61. This report
documented that the dose to a maximally exposed individual of the public
was 0.007 mrem/yr (0.07 µSv/yr) due to airborne releases. The dose from
exposure through all applicable pathways is presented in Exhibit 4-1.

Lab programs and outside advisory committees ensure that the Lab
continues to function within regulatory and established administrative
limits for direct

radiation and airborne emissions. One entity is the Experimental
Equipment Review Committee that reviews experiments for EH&S parameters,
as well as for experimental and facility usage criteria. Another is a
RadCon review of projected public exposures and airborne emissions from
proposed experiments to help the Lab remain within established
guidelines. Refer to Section 4.4 for specific information on the
monitoring of direct radiation.

### 4.3.2 Waterborne Radioactivity {#waterborne-radioactivity .unnumbered}

> Groundwater

Radioactivity in groundwater, as a result of direct or secondary
radiation, is possible in certain locations around the shielded
accelerator and experimental hall structures. The VPDES Permit No.
VA0089320 serves as the basis for evaluating accelerator-produced
radioactivity in groundwater. Under the permit, Jefferson Lab is not
allowed to exceed one-quarter of the EPA SDWA limits on-site, or change
the quality of the groundwater offsite. Refer to Section 6 for more
information on how the Lab incorporates monitoring to protect
groundwater resources.

+-------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+------+
| []{#__Re    |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| fHeading___ |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Toc47490783 |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| .anc        |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| hor}Exhibit |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| 4-4\        |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Nuclide     |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Effective   |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Dose        |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Equivalent  |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Summary     |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
+-------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+------+
| **[         | **[ | *   | **   | **   | **   | **[  | **[C  | **[  |
| Nuclide]{.u | H-3 | *[B | [C-1 | [N-1 | [O-1 | Ar-4 | l-38, | TOTA |
| nderline}** | ]{. | e-7 | 1]{. | 3]{. | 5]{. | 1]{. | 39    | L]{. |
|             | und | ]{. | unde | unde | unde | unde | ]{.un | unde |
|             | erl | und | rlin | rlin | rlin | rlin | derli | rlin |
|             | ine | erl | e}** | e}** | e}** | e}** | ne}** | e}** |
|             | }** | ine |      |      |      |      |       |      |
|             |     | }** |      |      |      |      |       |      |
+-------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+------+
| **          | 1.4 | 1.8 | 6.3  | 4.2  | 1.2  | 1.9  | 6.9   | 7    |
| Calculation | E   | E   | E-04 | E-03 | E-03 | E-06 | E-04  | E-03 |
| for         | -05 | -05 |      |      |      |      |       | \*   |
| Selected    |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Individual  |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Based on    |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| C           |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| onservative |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| C           |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| alculations |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| and         |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| M           |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| easurements |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| (mrem/yr)** |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
+-------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+------+
| \*value     |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| rounded up  |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| to nearest  |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| whole       |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| number      |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
+-------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+------+
| Conversion  |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| note: 1     |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| mrem = 0.01 |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| m           |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| illisievert |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| (mSv)       |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
|             |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Values are  |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| presented   |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| in          |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Scientific  |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| Notation    |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| (i.e., 1.2  |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| E-3 =       |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
| 0.0012)     |     |     |      |      |      |      |       |      |
+-------------+-----+-----+------+------+------+------+-------+------+

This VPDES groundwater quality permit specifies EPA-approved sampling
and analysis protocols, which were the basis of groundwater monitoring
in 2002. Fifteen wells were sampled at quarterly, semi-annual, or annual
intervals. The permitted wells included the "A", "B", and "C" Ring wells
(labeled as to proximity to the accelerator) and the upgradient well.
Refer to Exhibit 4-5 for monitoring well locations and to Exhibit 4-6
for parameters sampled. The groundwater dewatering effluent at the
experimental halls was also monitored quarterly in 2002 and reported
under this permit.

Water samples have been drawn and analyzed since 1987. The data
collected, through the completion of facility construction in 1995,
provide a groundwater quality baseline for comparisons during long-term
facility operation. The background samples were analyzed for naturally
occurring radionuclides, as well as accelerator-produced radionuclides,
and selected chemical parameters. The radionuclides analyzed in 2002 are
those known to relate to operations associated with electron
accelerators. They include H-3 (Tritium), Be-7, Na-22, Mn‑54, and gross
beta. Total manmade radioactivity was also analyzed.

Exhibit 4-7 lists the VPDES groundwater quality permit levels for
radiological parameters with values in picocuries per liter (pCi/l).
These values are representative of normal background radionuclides,
which are also generated through Jefferson Lab activities.

The radiological results from monitoring the wells in the accelerator
vicinity during 2002 are presented in the first part of Exhibit 4-8. The
results from the other locations described in the permit are shown in
the second half of the exhibit. All measurements were within permit
levels. No accelerator-produced activity has been detected. All values
represent natural background, and variations are normal.

> Other Water Monitoring

The surface water sampling program commenced at the time construction of
the experimental halls was completed. Quarterly sampling of the
groundwater dewatering surface discharge under the VPDES groundwater
quality permit continued. In addition, automated sampling equipment is
used to analyze the discharged water for tritium and gross beta. There
were no concerns at this discharge stream in 2002.

The Cooling Water Tank (Building 92) and the floor drain sump (FDS) pit\
(Building 97) are considered one HRSD sampling point. Sampling at the
FDS pit, which collects various discharges, including low-level
activated dehumidification condensate from air conditioning systems
located in the\
experimental halls, and at the Cooling Water Tank, that contains
activated water from various accelerator apparatus, continued in 2002.
Sampling and analysis for tritium are performed prior to any discharges
to the sanitary system. The results are recorded and monthly and
quarterly concentration values are provided to HRSD. Some regulatory
values (that are not required to be regularly reported) are tracked and
documented by RadCon staff, such as the total amount of activity
discharged to the sanitary sewer system. Monthly and composite quarterly
results for 2002 are provided in Exhibit 4-9.

The concentrations varied based on the quantity of beam dump cooling
water discharged during the reporting period.

On a periodic basis in 2002, other water sampling and analysis for
tritium and gross beta activity were performed on various discharges
from potential radiological areas, such as from sump pumps. Any water
identified as a potential

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490784 .anchor}Exhibit 4-5\
  Monitoring Well Locations

  ![](media/image11.jpeg){width="5.834722222222222in"
  height="8.13888888888889in"}
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| []             |                |                                   |
| {#__RefHeading |                |                                   |
| ___Toc47490785 |                |                                   |
| .              |                |                                   |
| anchor}Exhibit |                |                                   |
| 4-6\           |                |                                   |
| Groundwater    |                |                                   |
| Sampling       |                |                                   |
| Parameters     |                |                                   |
+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| **[Wells]      | **[Sampling    | **[Environmental                  |
| {.underline}** | Frequency]     | Parameters]{.underline}**         |
|                | {.underline}** |                                   |
+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| GW-15a         | Annual         | groundwater elevation, pH,        |
|                |                | conductivity, TSS, TDS, and       |
| [A Ring        | Quarterly      | radionuclides listed              |
| Well           |                |                                   |
| s]{.underline} |                | groundwater elevation, pH,        |
|                |                | conductivity, TSS, TDS, manmade   |
| GW-20          |                | radioactivity, and radionuclides  |
|                |                | listed                            |
| GW-21          |                |                                   |
|                |                |                                   |
| GW-22          |                |                                   |
+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| [B Ring        | Semi-annual    | groundwater elevation, pH,        |
| Well           |                | conductivity, TSS, TDS, manmade   |
| s]{.underline} |                | radioactivity, and radionuclides  |
|                |                | listed                            |
| GW- 3          |                |                                   |
|                |                |                                   |
| GW-6a          |                |                                   |
|                |                |                                   |
| GW-23          |                |                                   |
|                |                |                                   |
| GW-24          |                |                                   |
+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| [C Ring        | Annual         | groundwater elevation, pH,        |
| Well           |                | conductivity, TSS, TDS, and       |
| s]{.underline} |                | radionuclides listed              |
|                |                |                                   |
| GW- 2          |                |                                   |
|                |                |                                   |
| GW-28          |                |                                   |
|                |                |                                   |
| GW-29          |                |                                   |
|                |                |                                   |
| GW-30          |                |                                   |
+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Other        |                |                                   |
| Sampling       |                |                                   |
| Point**        |                |                                   |
+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| Outfall 001    | Quarterly      | flow, pH, and radionuclides       |
|                |                | listed                            |
+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+
| Radionuclides: |                |                                   |
| Gross Beta,    |                |                                   |
| H-3 (Tritium), |                |                                   |
| Be-7, Mn-54    |                |                                   |
| and Na-22      |                |                                   |
|                |                |                                   |
| TDS: Total     |                |                                   |
| Dissolved      |                |                                   |
| Solids         |                |                                   |
|                |                |                                   |
| TSS: Total     |                |                                   |
| Suspended      |                |                                   |
| Solids         |                |                                   |
+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------------+

+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| []{#__       |            |             |             |             |
| RefHeading__ |            |             |             |             |
| _Toc47490786 |            |             |             |             |
| .an          |            |             |             |             |
| chor}Exhibit |            |             |             |             |
| 4-7\         |            |             |             |             |
| VPDES Permit |            |             |             |             |
| Levels for   |            |             |             |             |
| Rad          |            |             |             |             |
| ionuclides\* |            |             |             |             |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| *            | **A-Ring\  | **B-Ring\   | **C-Ring\   | **          |
| *[Analyte]{. | [(Action   | [(Permit    | [(Permit    | Sensitivity |
| underline}** | L          | Level)]{.u  | Level)]{.u  | &\          |
|              | evel)]{.un | nderline}** | nderline}** | Precision\  |
|              | derline}** |             |             | [(Permit    |
|              |            |             |             | Value]{.un  |
|              |            |             |             | derline})** |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Gross Beta   | 50 pCi/l   | 50 pCi/l    | 153 pCi/l   | 4 pCi/l     |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Manmade      | 1 mrem/yr. | 1 mrem/yr.  | \-          | \-          |
| R            |            |             |             |             |
| adioactivity |            |             |             |             |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Tritium      | 5000 pCi/l | 5000 pCi/l  | 1000 pCi/l  | 1000 pCi/l  |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Sodium-22    | \-         | \-          | 61 pCi/l    | 40 pCi/l    |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Beryllium-7  | \-         | \-          | 835 pCi/l   | 600 pCi/l   |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Manganese-54 | \-         | \-          | 51 pCi/l    | 30 pCi/l    |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Notes:       |            |             |             |             |
| \*Those      |            |             |             |             |
| r            |            |             |             |             |
| adionuclides |            |             |             |             |
| determined   |            |             |             |             |
| to be        |            |             |             |             |
| relevant to  |            |             |             |             |
| Jefferson    |            |             |             |             |
| Lab          |            |             |             |             |
| operations.  |            |             |             |             |
|              |            |             |             |             |
| A-ring       |            |             |             |             |
| levels are   |            |             |             |             |
| action       |            |             |             |             |
| levels only. |            |             |             |             |
|              |            |             |             |             |
| Numbers are  |            |             |             |             |
| re           |            |             |             |             |
| presentative |            |             |             |             |
| of           |            |             |             |             |
| pre          |            |             |             |             |
| -operational |            |             |             |             |
| measurements |            |             |             |             |
| plus 2       |            |             |             |             |
| standard     |            |             |             |             |
| deviations,  |            |             |             |             |
| which        |            |             |             |             |
| represent\   |            |             |             |             |
| a 99%        |            |             |             |             |
| certainty    |            |             |             |             |
| that         |            |             |             |             |
| deviations   |            |             |             |             |
| above this   |            |             |             |             |
| level are    |            |             |             |             |
| not random.  |            |             |             |             |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Conversion:  |            |             |             |             |
| 1 pCi =      |            |             |             |             |
| 0.037 Bq, 1  |            |             |             |             |
| mrem = 0.01  |            |             |             |             |
| mSv          |            |             |             |             |
+--------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Exhibit 4-8     |              |        |         |                |
|                 |              |        |         |                |
| []{#refheadin   |              |        |         |                |
| g___toc47490787 |              |        |         |                |
| .anchor}Maximum |              |        |         |                |
| Groundwater     |              |        |         |                |
| Measurements    |              |        |         |                |
| for             |              |        |         |                |
| R               |              |        |         |                |
| adionuclides\*\ |              |        |         |                |
| January 2002    |              |        |         |                |
| through         |              |        |         |                |
| December 2002   |              |        |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| **Radionuclides |              |        |         |                |
| at Associated   |              |        |         |                |
| Wells Relevant  |              |        |         |                |
| to Accelerator  |              |        |         |                |
| Operations**    |              |        |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| **[Analyte      | **[A-Ring]{. | **[B-R |         | **[C-Ring]     |
| ]{.underline}** | underline}** | ing]{. |         | {.underline}** |
|                 |              | underl |         |                |
|                 |              | ine}** |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Gross Beta      | 25.69        | 12.13  |         | 8.10           |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Manmade         | \< 0.255     | \<     |         | not applicable |
| Radioactivity   | mrem/yr.     | 0.165  |         |                |
|                 |              | mr     |         |                |
|                 |              | em/yr. |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Tritium         | ND at \< 649 | ND at  |         | ND at \< 541   |
|                 |              | \< 592 |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Sodium-22       | ND at \< 20  | ND at  |         | ND at \< 10.9  |
|                 |              | \<     |         |                |
|                 |              | 12.2   |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Beryllium-7     | ND at \< 160 | ND at  |         | ND at \< 91.4  |
|                 |              | \<     |         |                |
|                 |              | 97.4   |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Manganese-54    | ND at \< 19  | ND at  |         | ND at \< 9.49  |
|                 |              | \<     |         |                |
|                 |              | 13.5   |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| **Radionuclides |              |        |         |                |
| At Other Permit |              |        |         |                |
| Locations**     |              |        |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| **[Analyte      | *            |        | **[Di   |                |
| ]{.underline}** | *[Upgradient |        | scharge |                |
|                 | Well]{.      |        | 001]    |                |
|                 | underline}** |        | {.under |                |
|                 |              |        | line}** |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Gross Beta      | 4.39         |        | 11.12   |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Tritium         | ND at \< 541 |        | ND at   |                |
|                 |              |        | \< 649  |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Sodium-22       | ND at \<     |        | ND at   |                |
|                 | 5.74         |        | \< 23   |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Beryllium-7     | ND at \<     |        | ND at   |                |
|                 | 48.5         |        | \< 136  |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Manganese-54    | ND at \<     |        | ND at   |                |
|                 | 5.21         |        | \< 21   |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| Notes: \*Those  |              |        |         |                |
| radionuclides   |              |        |         |                |
| determined to   |              |        |         |                |
| be relevant to  |              |        |         |                |
| Jefferson Lab   |              |        |         |                |
| operations.\    |              |        |         |                |
| Measurements    |              |        |         |                |
| are in pCi/l    |              |        |         |                |
| unless          |              |        |         |                |
| otherwise       |              |        |         |                |
| noted.\         |              |        |         |                |
| No              |              |        |         |                |
| accel           |              |        |         |                |
| erator-produced |              |        |         |                |
| activity has    |              |        |         |                |
| been detected.\ |              |        |         |                |
| ND: Not         |              |        |         |                |
| detectable      |              |        |         |                |
| above           |              |        |         |                |
| permit-required |              |        |         |                |
| sensitivity     |              |        |         |                |
| limits\         |              |        |         |                |
| Conversion: 1   |              |        |         |                |
| pCi = 1 x       |              |        |         |                |
| 10^-12^ Ci =    |              |        |         |                |
| 0.037 Bq        |              |        |         |                |
+-----------------+--------------+--------+---------+----------------+

+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| Exhibit 4-9   |     |         |     |         |    |               |
|               |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| []            |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| {#refheading_ |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| __toc47490788 |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| .anch         |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| or}Analytical |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| Results for   |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| Discharges to |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| HRSD in 2002  |     |         |     |         |    |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| **Monthly     |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| Values**      |     |         |     |         |    |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| **[Reporting  | *   |         | **[ |         | *  |               |
| Period]{      | *Tr |         | Rep |         | *T |               |
| .underline}** | iti |         | ort |         | ri |               |
|               | um\ |         | ing |         | ti |               |
|               | [C  |         | Per |         | um |               |
|               | onc |         | iod |         | [\ |               |
|               | ent |         | ]{. |         | C  |               |
|               | rat |         | und |         | on |               |
|               | ion |         | erl |         | ce |               |
|               | ]{. |         | ine |         | nt |               |
|               | und |         | }** |         | ra |               |
|               | erl |         |     |         | ti |               |
|               | ine |         |     |         | on |               |
|               | }** |         |     |         | ]{ |               |
|               | [(p |         |     |         | .u |               |
|               | Ci/ |         |     |         | nd |               |
|               | l)] |         |     |         | er |               |
|               | {.u |         |     |         | li |               |
|               | nde |         |     |         | ne |               |
|               | rli |         |     |         | }* |               |
|               | ne} |         |     |         | *[ |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | (p |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | Ci |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | /l |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | )] |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | {. |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | un |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | de |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | rl |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | in |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | e} |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| January       | 2,  |         | J   |         | 87 |               |
|               | 600 |         | uly |         | ,0 |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | 00 |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| February      | 52, |         | Aug |         | 28 |               |
|               | 000 |         | ust |         | ,0 |               |
|               |     |         |     |         | 00 |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| March         | 140 |         | Sep |         | 31 |               |
|               |     |         | tem |         | ,0 |               |
|               |     |         | ber |         | 00 |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| April         | 60, |         | O   |         | 51 |               |
|               | 000 |         | cto |         | ,0 |               |
|               |     |         | ber |         | 00 |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| May           | 22, |         | No  |         | 33 |               |
|               | 000 |         | vem |         | ,0 |               |
|               |     |         | ber |         | 00 |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| June          | 72, |         | De  |         | 7  |               |
|               | 000 |         | cem |         | ,7 |               |
|               |     |         | ber |         | 00 |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| **Quarterly   |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| Values**      |     |         |     |         |    |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| **[Reporting  |     | **[     |     | **Other |    |               |
| Period]{      |     | Tritium |     | Gamma-E |    |               |
| .underline}** |     | Concent |     | mitting |    |               |
|               |     | ration] |     | Radion  |    |               |
|               |     | {.under |     | uclides |    |               |
|               |     | line}** |     | [Concen |    |               |
|               |     | [(pCi/l |     | tration |    |               |
|               |     | )]{.und |     | ]       |    |               |
|               |     | erline} |     | {.under |    |               |
|               |     |         |     | line}** |    |               |
|               |     |         |     | [(pCi/l |    |               |
|               |     |         |     | )]{.und |    |               |
|               |     |         |     | erline} |    |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| First Quarter |     | 6,800   |     | Na-22   |    | Be-7 at 0.38  |
|               |     |         |     | at      |    |               |
|               |     |         |     | 0.027   |    |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| Second        |     | 53,000  |     | Na-22   |    | None detected |
| Quarter       |     |         |     | at 1.5  |    |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| Third Quarter |     | 43,000  |     | None    |    | None detected |
|               |     |         |     | d       |    |               |
|               |     |         |     | etected |    |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| Fourth        |     | 31,000  |     | Na-22   |    | Be-7 at 24    |
| Quarter       |     |         |     | at 0.75 |    |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+
| Notes:        |     |         |     |         |    |               |
|               |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| These         |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| effluent      |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| c             |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| oncentrations |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| are well      |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| below the 0.1 |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| µCi/ml        |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| (100,000,000  |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| pCi/l) permit |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| limit.\       |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| Radionuclides |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| are analyzed  |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| at EPA        |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| sensitivity   |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| levels or     |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| better.\      |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| Conversion: 1 |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| pCi = 1 x     |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| 10^-12^ Ci =  |     |         |     |         |    |               |
| 0.037 Bq      |     |         |     |         |    |               |
+---------------+-----+---------+-----+---------+----+---------------+

concern was collected and discharged according to the terms of the HRSD
permit.

Various accelerator-related water systems have the potential for
becoming activated. Secondary containment and other physical controls
are present around areas with the potential for spills of activated
water. Additional administrative controls are in place where the water
activation level is above an identified level.

There were a few minor water spills or leak events in 2002 involving
these activated water systems. RadCon staff addressed and cleaned up the
areas involved. There were no worker safety, environmental, or public
health concerns. Collected water that did not meet immediate disposal
criteria was transferred to a temporary storage area for later release
to HRSD.

## 4.4 ACCELERATOR-PRODUCED DIRECT RADIATION {#accelerator-produced-direct-radiation .unnumbered}

Direct radiation penetrates shielding with almost all this radiation
stopped by the shielding - any exposure to this radiation is at a
maximum on-site and decreases with distance. During 2002, Jefferson Lab
continued regular accelerator operations in support of various physics
experiments in the three experimental halls. Accelerator operations and
related activities produced significant amounts of direct radiation;
however, these amounts were restricted within constraints as managed by
RadCon and were performed within an approved safety envelope.

The Jefferson Lab areas, where direct radiation can be produced, are not
accessible during accelerator operations. There are approximately 50
electronic radiation detectors and a series of associated passive
integrating detectors deployed around the accelerator site with the
primary purpose of measuring on-site radiation. The majority of the
electronic detectors are connected to a central computer system that can
automatically record the radiation levels for subsequent examination.
When appropriate, Jefferson Lab employees, subcontractors, and visitors
wear detection devices to monitor for on-site radiation exposure.

Six dual-channel microprocessor-based instruments for monitoring gamma
and neutron radiation levels collected both direct and airborne
radiation data at the site boundary in 2002. Radiation data collected
prior to January 1995 serve as the statistical baseline for comparison
to that collected since the accelerator became fully operational.

## 4.5 ASSESSMENTS OF POTENTIAL RADIATION DOSE TO THE PUBLIC AND TO BIOTA {#assessments-of-potential-radiation-dose-to-the-public-and-to-biota .unnumbered}

The six electronic radiation measurement devices noted in Section 4.4,
installed along the accelerator site boundary, continued to be used to
determine offsite dose to the public due to Jefferson Lab operations.
These electronic detectors - radiation boundary monitors (RBMs) -
measure and log radiological information at the locations shown in
Exhibit 4-10. In addition, passive integrating detectors were used for a
number of measurements. All measured dose values were within statutory
and administrative limits. For 2002, the highest site boundary direct
(prompt) radiation level was about 7.1% of the DOE annual dose limit of
100 mrem (1 mSv), or 71% of the site administrative dose limit of 10
mrem (0.1 mSv).

Exhibit 4-11 displays the radiation doses in mrem for 2002 at RBM-3. A
comparison with natural background radiation is made, which indicates
the relatively low levels of Jefferson Lab's contribution to the public
dose. These background levels do not include contributions to dose from
radon, which typically doubles natural radiation dose to the public.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490789 .anchor}Exhibit 4-10\
  Boundary Monitor Locations

  ![](media/image12.wmf)

  Note: RB03 is the same as RBM-3.
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  -------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490790                                                     
  .anchor}Exhibit 4-11\                                                              
  Radiation Boundary Monitor RBM-3                                                   
  Results for 2002                                                                   

  **[Period]{.underline}**         **Neutron\               **Gamma\                 **Total\
                                   [(mrem)]{.underline}**   [(mrem)]{.underline}**   [(mrem)]{.underline}**

  Jan-Mar                          0.62 ± 0.01              0.16 ± 0.01              0.78 ± 0.02

  Apr-June                         0.87 ± 0.01              0.22 ± 0.01              1.09 . ± 0.02

  July-Sept                        0.0                      0.0                      0.0

  Oct-Dec                          0.87 ± 0.02              0.22 ± 0.01              1.09 ± 0.02

                                                                                     

  TOTAL                            2.36 ± 0.02              0.60 ± 0.02              2.96 ± 0.02

                                                                                     

  Natural Background               \~1.8                    \~110                    \~112

                                                                                     

  Notes:                                                                             

  Statistical errors are quoted at                                                   
  1 sigma.                                                                           

  Systematic errors including                                                        
  calibration (not included) are                                                     
  approximately 20% for neutrons.                                                    

  Gamma dose equivalent rates are                                                    
  estimated based on best known                                                      
  statistical correlation                                                            
  techniques.                                                                        

  RBM-3 received the highest dose.                                                   

  Conversion: 1 mrem = 0.01 mSv                                                      
  -------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------

Jefferson Lab does not release any residual radioactive material, such
as concrete or soil, so there are no resulting dose impacts to the
public. Radioactive waste was turned over to a licensed subcontractor
for reprocessing as appropriate to optimize the final disposition.

The absorbed dose to any local aquatic animals, or terrestrial plants or
animals, from Jefferson Lab operations will not exceed the
internationally recommended dose limits for terrestrial biota. As there
are no potential releases of a magnitude that could result in doses
exceeding 0.1 rad/day to terrestrial animals, the lowest limit for any
biota, no dose limits will be exceeded.

Jefferson Lab did not contribute significantly to the radiation dose
received by the public through either airborne and/or groundwater
pathways. The direct radiation exposure was again measurable in 2002,
but was found to be about 71% of the Jefferson Lab design goal of
one-tenth of the DOE limit.

## OTHER SUPPORT ACTIVITIES

Permanent shielding in the form of thick concrete walls and earth berms
protect the environment from exposure. Additionally, labyrinth entrances
and monitoring at ventilation ports track exposure values.

RadCon installs shielding blocks and devices as needed to minimize
impacts both inside and outside the facility.

All areas where activated water could be present have controls in place.
Locations with a high potential for activation have secondary
containment measures installed and administrative lockout/tagout
controls. Other areas with less or no potential for activation are
monitored periodically to ensure levels are within expected values.

RadCon establishes access-controlled areas to temporarily store
radioactive materials, including those being stored for decay, and
wastes. There is no impact to the environment or public health from the
small quantity of materials stored on-site.

# SECTION 5 ENVIRONMENTAL NON-RADIOLOGICAL PROGRAM {#section-5-environmental-non-radiological-program .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab conducts a number of non-radiological activities to
support protection of the environment and public health. These
activities are performed in accordance with the WSS standards that
include the site permits listed in Exhibit 2‑5.

This section presents permit monitoring results and other actions that
required attention in 2002. These other actions included: reviewing
conventional air emissions; administering controls involving work with
cooling water treatment additives; reviews for emergency planning; and,
special waste management items. The respective programs are discussed in
Section 3.

In general, controls to protect the environment are established through
on-site programs and subcontractual agreements that address permit
conditions and other Lab commitments or initiatives. There were only
minor problems with respect to any of the aforementioned Jefferson Lab
activities during 2002.

## 5.1 WATER PROGRAMS {#water-programs .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab reported DEQ information under three permits in 2002:
quantities of groundwater discharged under the Permit to Withdraw
Groundwater; radiological and general water quality parameters under
VPDES Permit No. VA0089320; and, general water quality factors under
VPDES Permit No. VAG253002. Results were also reported to HRSD under
Permit No. 0117. The general water quality results follow, with the
radioanalytical results provided in Section 4.

### 5.1.1 Permit to Withdraw Groundwater {#permit-to-withdraw-groundwater .unnumbered}

As noted in Section 2.5.2.2, Jefferson Lab's withdrawal of groundwater
at the experimental halls is an unusual situation. The only factor of
concern under the groundwater withdrawal permit is the quantity of water
pumped. This permit allows the pumping of a maximum of 6,000,000 gallons
per month and a restriction of 23,036,790 gallons annually. (Pumping is
minimal in drought periods.) Quantities of water pumped from these tile
fields are reported to the DEQ on a quarterly basis. There were no
unusual issues regarding this discharge in 2002.

The maintenance of the structural integrity of the halls by pumping
results in wide quantity variations. Exhibit 5-1 presents the quantity
of water pumped monthly and the maximum daily flow for each month in
2002. Note that the quantity pumped each month is well under the
6,000,000 gallon permit limit.

This groundwater collection point, known as "Outfall 001", is monitored
for water

quality under VPDES Permit\
No. VA0089320. See section 5.1.2 for non-radiological results covered by
this permit and Section 4.3.2 for information on the radiological
parameters monitored at this outfall. Besides the VPDES permit noted,
there are no other requirements for monitoring as no industrial or other
use is made of the discharged groundwater.

### 5.1.2 VPDES Permit No. VA0089320 {#vpdes-permit-no.-va0089320 .unnumbered}

This permit covers monitoring for water quality at fifteen groundwater
monitoring wells and at the Outfall 001 collection point noted above.

Monitoring wells were sampled for pH, conductivity, total suspended
solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS) under the Permit terms.
(See Exhibit 4-5 for the site map showing the wells monitored in 2002.)
Sampling results for the wells are presented in Exhibit 5-2. Groundwater
collected at Outfall 001 is sampled and reported quarterly for pH and
results are shown in Exhibit 5-3. Also shown are the reported maximum
daily discharge

+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+
| []{#__   |         |             |           |         |            |
| RefHeadi |         |             |           |         |            |
| ng___Toc |         |             |           |         |            |
| 47490791 |         |             |           |         |            |
| .anchor  |         |             |           |         |            |
| }Exhibit |         |             |           |         |            |
| 5-1\     |         |             |           |         |            |
| 2002     |         |             |           |         |            |
| Flow     |         |             |           |         |            |
| Inf      |         |             |           |         |            |
| ormation |         |             |           |         |            |
| at the   |         |             |           |         |            |
| De       |         |             |           |         |            |
| watering |         |             |           |         |            |
| D        |         |             |           |         |            |
| ischarge |         |             |           |         |            |
+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+
| **[Mont  | **      | **Maximum   | **[Mo     | **      | **Maximum  |
| h]{.unde | Monthly | GPD During  | nth]{.und | Monthly | GPD During |
| rline}** | [Flow   | the         | erline}** | [Flow   | the        |
|          | (gal)]  | [           |           | (gal)]  | [Mo        |
|          | {.under | Month\*]{.u |           | {.under | nth\*]{.un |
|          | line}** | nderline}** |           | line}** | derline}** |
+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+
| January  | 427,644 | 16,533      | July      | 455,666 | 13,981     |
+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+
| February | 402,942 | 16,623      | August    | 383,790 | 13,763     |
+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+
| March    | 346,675 | 16,644      | September | 415,205 | 15,083     |
+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+
| April    | 406,437 | 13,782      | October   | 388,656 | 13,460     |
+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+
| May      | 419,443 | 13,981      | November  | 415,081 | 13,927     |
+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+
| June     | 384,166 | 13,984      | December  | 426,857 | 14,884     |
+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+
| Notes:   |         |             |           |         |            |
|          |         |             |           |         |            |
| \        |         |             |           |         |            |
| *Maximum |         |             |           |         |            |
| GPD      |         |             |           |         |            |
| (gallons |         |             |           |         |            |
| per day) |         |             |           |         |            |
| per      |         |             |           |         |            |
| quarter  |         |             |           |         |            |
| is       |         |             |           |         |            |
| reported |         |             |           |         |            |
| on VPDES |         |             |           |         |            |
| Permit   |         |             |           |         |            |
| No.      |         |             |           |         |            |
| VA0      |         |             |           |         |            |
| 089320.\ |         |             |           |         |            |
| There is |         |             |           |         |            |
| no daily |         |             |           |         |            |
| permit   |         |             |           |         |            |
| limit.   |         |             |           |         |            |
| The      |         |             |           |         |            |
| monthly  |         |             |           |         |            |
| limit is |         |             |           |         |            |
| 6        |         |             |           |         |            |
| ,000,000 |         |             |           |         |            |
| gallons  |         |             |           |         |            |
| and the  |         |             |           |         |            |
| yearly   |         |             |           |         |            |
| limit is |         |             |           |         |            |
| about    |         |             |           |         |            |
| 23       |         |             |           |         |            |
| ,000,000 |         |             |           |         |            |
| gallons. |         |             |           |         |            |
+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+------------+

+----------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+
| []             |       |          |          |         |           |
| {#__RefHeading |       |          |          |         |           |
| ___Toc47490792 |       |          |          |         |           |
| .              |       |          |          |         |           |
| anchor}Exhibit |       |          |          |         |           |
| 5-2\           |       |          |          |         |           |
| Range of 2002  |       |          |          |         |           |
| No             |       |          |          |         |           |
| n-Radiological |       |          |          |         |           |
| Monitoring     |       |          |          |         |           |
| Results at     |       |          |          |         |           |
| Wells          |       |          |          |         |           |
+----------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+
| **[Pa          | **[G  | **[A     | **[B     | **[C    | **[Permit |
| rameter/Units] | W-15a | Wells\   | Wells\   | Wells]  | Li        |
| {.underline}** | ]{.un | *]{.unde | *]{.unde | {.under | mit]{.und |
|                | derli | rline}** | rline}** | line}** | erline}** |
|                | ne}** |          |          |         |           |
+----------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+
| **pH**         | 4.3   | 6.1 to   | 5.3 to   | 5.8 to  | None      |
|                |       | 7.2      | 7.3      | 6.7     |           |
+----------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+
| *              | 151   | 705 to   | 305 to   | 342 to  | None      |
| *Conductivity\ |       | 2400     | 1215     | 854     |           |
| (µmho/cm)**    |       |          |          |         |           |
+----------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+
| **TDS (mg/L)** | 105   | 451 to   | 219 to   | 247 to  | None      |
|                |       | 1520     | 818      | 754     |           |
+----------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+
| **TSS (mg/L)** | 6     | 15 to    | 1 to 80  | 3 to 40 | None      |
|                |       | 310      |          |         |           |
+----------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+
| *              | (an   | (qu      | (sem     | (       | **-**     |
| *(frequency)** | nual) | arterly) | iannual) | annual) |           |
+----------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+
| mg/L:          |       |          |          |         |           |
| mi             |       |          |          |         |           |
| lligrams/liter |       |          |          |         |           |
|                |       |          |          |         |           |
| mho: unit of   |       |          |          |         |           |
| conductance    |       |          |          |         |           |
|                |       |          |          |         |           |
| \* Minimum and |       |          |          |         |           |
| maximum        |       |          |          |         |           |
| parameter      |       |          |          |         |           |
| results        |       |          |          |         |           |
| throughout the |       |          |          |         |           |
| year for the A |       |          |          |         |           |
| & B ring       |       |          |          |         |           |
| wells.         |       |          |          |         |           |
+----------------+-------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+

  -------------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490793                             
  .anchor}Exhibit 5-3\                                       
  2002 Permit-Related                                        
  Non-Radiological Monitoring                                
  Parameters at Outfall 001                                  

  **[Quarter]{.underline}**        **[Maximum Flow           **[pH]{.underline}**
                                   (MGD)]{.underline}**      

  **First**                        0.017                     7.2

  **Second**                       0.014                     7.0

  **Third**                        0.015                     6.9

  **Fourth**                       0.015                     7.2

  MGD: million gallons/day\                                  
  Notes: There is no limit on the                            
  reported flow.\                                            
  The pH range is 6.0 to 9.0.                                
  -------------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------------

quantities for each quarter. Note that sampling data collected in 2002
was representative of groundwater quality during accelerator operations
and is consistent with previous baseline measurements.

Variations in non-radiological information collected at the wells in
2002 may be due to seasonal, local ground conditions, earth-disturbing
factors, and a regional drought. Even with a fully operating
accelerator, various construction projects in the area, and a variety of
physics experiments being performed, there were no facility-related
effects on groundwater quality in 2002.

### 5.1.3 VPDES Permit No. VAG253002 {#vpdes-permit-no.-vag253002 .unnumbered}

Cooling water discharges from two cooling towers were covered by this
permit in 2002. The materials used for cooling water treatment were
Coastline Formula 2029 (scale and corrosion inhibitor),\
Formula 1909 (liquid biocide), and a small amount of a dispersant. There
were no environmental concerns with the use of these chemicals.

Quarterly sampling and reporting are performed at Discharge Numbers 001
and 002 under this VPDES General Permit. Flow information and sampling
results for pH, temperature, total hardness, total dissolved copper,
total dissolved zinc, and total residual chlorine are provided to the
DEQ. Exhibit 5-4 presents CY2002 results. Sampling for ammonia was
started in 2003.

+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| []{#__RefH |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| eading___T |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| oc47490794 |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| .anch      |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| or}Exhibit |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| 5-4\       |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| 2002       |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| Cooling    |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| Water      |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| Monitoring |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| Parameters |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| at         |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| Outfalls   |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| 001 and    |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| 002        |     |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **[        | **  |         | **[    |        | **[Permit  | **Det  |
| Parameter/ | [Fi |         | Second |        | Limit]{.un | ection |
| Units]{.un | rst |         | Quar   |        | derline}** | [Li    |
| derline}** | Q   |         | ter]{. |        |            | mit]{. |
|            | uar |         | underl |        |            | underl |
|            | ter |         | ine}** |        |            | ine}** |
|            | ]{. |         |        |        |            |        |
|            | und |         |        |        |            |        |
|            | erl |         |        |        |            |        |
|            | ine |         |        |        |            |        |
|            | }** |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| *          | *   | **002** | **001  | **002  |            |        |
| *Outfall** | *00 |         | \*\*** | \*\*** |            |        |
|            | 1** |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Flow     | 0.  | 0.00005 | no     | no     | 0.05 MGD   | 0.0001 |
| (MGD)**    | 012 |         | dis    | dis    |            |        |
|            |     |         | charge | charge |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **pH**     | 7.3 | 7.7     | \-     | \-     | 6 to 9     | 0.1    |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **T        | 1   | 13.0    | \-     | \-     | Max. 32    | 0.1    |
| emperature | 3.2 |         |        |        | ^o^C. or   |        |
| (^o^C)**   |     |         |        |        | as noted   |        |
|            |     |         |        |        | in the     |        |
|            |     |         |        |        | permit     |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Hardness | 240 | 80      | \-     | \-     | None       | 2      |
| (mg/L)**   |     |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Copper   | 0.  | 0.004   | \-     | \-     | None       | 0.001  |
| (mg/L)**   | 002 |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Zinc     | 0.  | 0.113   | \-     | \-     | None       | 0.03   |
| (mg/L)**   | 727 |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Chlorine | \<  | \< 0.1  | \-     | \-     | Non-       | 0.1    |
| (mg/L)**   | 0.1 |         |        |        | Detectable |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
|            |     |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
|            | **  |         | **[    |        |            |        |
|            | [Th |         | Fourth |        |            |        |
|            | ird |         | Quar   |        |            |        |
|            | Q   |         | ter]{. |        |            |        |
|            | uar |         | underl |        |            |        |
|            | ter |         | ine}** |        |            |        |
|            | ]{. |         |        |        |            |        |
|            | und |         |        |        |            |        |
|            | erl |         |        |        |            |        |
|            | ine |         |        |        |            |        |
|            | }** |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| *          | *   | **002** | *      | *      |            |        |
| *Outfall** | *00 |         | *001** | *002** |            |        |
|            | 1** |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Flow     | 0.  | 0.0001  | 0.019  | 0.0001 | 0.05 MGD   | 0.0001 |
| (MGD)**    | 015 |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **pH**     | 7.1 | 7.1     | 7.1    | 7.2    | 6 to 9     | 0.1    |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **T        | 2   | 22.0    | 10.5   | 10.7   | Max. 32    | 0.1    |
| emperature | 3.5 |         |        |        | ^o^C. or   |        |
| (^o^C)**   |     |         |        |        | as noted   |        |
|            |     |         |        |        | in the     |        |
|            |     |         |        |        | permit     |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Hardness | 36  | 216     | 59     | 250    | None       | 2      |
| (mg/L)**   |     |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Copper   | 0.  | 0.010   | 0.007  | 0.003  | None       | 0.001  |
| (mg/L)**   | 003 |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Zinc     | 0.  | 0.047   | 0.122  | 0.115  | None       | 0.03   |
| (mg/L)**   | 079 |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| **Chlorine | \<  | \< 0.1  | \< 0.1 | \< 0.1 | Non-       | 0.1    |
| (mg/L)**   | 0.1 |         |        |        | Detectable |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| NOTES:     |     |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+
| \*\*There  |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| was no     |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| flow at    |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| these      |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| sample     |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| points     |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| during     |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| this       |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| period.    |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| This is    |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| believed   |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| to be due  |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| to the     |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| regional   |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| drought.   |     |         |        |        |            |        |
|            |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| MGD:       |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| million    |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| g          |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| allons/day |     |         |        |        |            |        |
|            |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| mg/L:      |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| millig     |     |         |        |        |            |        |
| rams/liter |     |         |        |        |            |        |
+------------+-----+---------+--------+--------+------------+--------+

Items of note for 2002 include:

-   Fourth quarter 2001 sampling had a chlorine level at Discharge\
    Number 001 above the non-detect level, as reported in the 2001 SER.
    It is believed that two separate piping failures in water supply
    lines contributed to the detectable level of chlorine. There were no
    detectable chlorine levels in 2002.

-   The Lab received a notice of deficiency for not promptly reporting
    the leaks as well as another administrative deficiency as discussed
    in\
    Section 2.5.1.2.

-   Sampling could not be performed in the second quarter as there was
    no flow at either sampling point, a direct result of the area
    drought.

### 5.1.4 HRSD Permit No. 0117 {#hrsd-permit-no.-0117 .unnumbered}

> Industrial wastewater, which includes a small quantity of activated
> water, is generated by Jefferson Lab and discharged to the HRSD
> through our Industrial Wastewater Discharge Permit. The activated
> water that was collected and discharged in 2002 was a combination of
> the output from dehumidification equipment in the experimental halls
> and small withdrawals from the beam dump cooling systems. Refer to
> Sections 2.5.2 and 4.3.2 for more information.

Jefferson Lab performs pH sampling at two sanitary sewer outflow streams
to verify that pH levels are within permit criteria. Results for CY2002
are shown in Exhibit 5‑5. Two elementary neutralization tanks
continuously record pH levels and records are available for HRSD review.

As noted in Section 4, RadCon staff manage the HRSD radiological
sampling and analysis requirements. The HRSD samples all discharge
streams periodically for a full complement of metals and other
parameters. On an annual basis, a seven-day period of monitoring flows
and samples at each of the discharge points is

performed to help determine if changes to the permit are necessary.
Self-monitoring and HRSD results demonstrated that Jefferson Lab
remained within the limits of the HRSD-issued permit in 2002. However,
Jefferson Lab did receive two administrative violations for a late
submittal of pH data for two sampling points.

### 5.1.5 Storm Water Management Program {#storm-water-management-program .unnumbered}

> Storm water runoff is a part of the natural hydrologic process. Across
> the country contaminated storm water discharges have been increasingly
> identified as a significant source of water pollution. Pollutants in
> surface runoff are one of the main contributors to the degradation of
> the Chesapeake Bay.

  -------------------------------- --------------------- ----------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490795                         
  .anchor}Exhibit 5-5\                                   
  pH Sampling Results for                                
  Wastewater Discharge                                   

  **Monitoring Period**            **[Manhole            **[Manhole EF]{.underline}**
                                   D]{.underline}**      

  **First Quarter**                6.5                   7.0

  **Second Quarter**               8.2                   6.7

  **Third Quarter**                8.0                   7.5

  **Fourth Quarter**               7.0                   7.0

  Permit Limits: Calendar Month                          
  Average and Calendar Day Maximum                       
  \> 5.0\                                                
  Detection Limit: 0.1                                   
  -------------------------------- --------------------- ----------------------------

> The Storm Water Pollution Prevention (SWPP) Program at Jefferson Lab
> addresses pollution prevention, control, and countermeasure issues.
> Jefferson Lab reduces contamination of storm water effluents by
> preventing open containers or unvegetated ground from being exposed to
> rainfall. If ground disturbance does take place, such as occurs during
> construction activities, Jefferson Lab manages runoff by implementing
> erosion and sediment control best management practices.
>
> Jefferson Lab incorporates the relevant management practices described
> in the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook in the course of
> the performance of construction activities and identified industrial
> activities. The purpose of the SWPP Program is to virtually eliminate
> soil erosion from storm water runoff and chemical pollution from
> runoff from sources that are not sufficiently weather-proofed. The
> EH&S Manual, Chapter 6733 *Storm Water Pollution Prevention*, covers
> Jefferson Lab's storm water program.

### 5.1.6 Other Water Quality Issues {#other-water-quality-issues .unnumbered}

As stated in Section 2.2.8, FIFRA applies to the storage and use of
herbicides and pesticides at Jefferson Lab. Use of these substances has
environmental implications, especially in terms of water quality. As
such, the application of herbicides and pesticides is permitted through
a State-administered certification program, accomplished by certified
subcontractors who comply with FIFRA through Virginia's program. Exhibit
5-6 lists those

products used at Jefferson Lab in 2002. All pesticides used were
EPA-registered and applied according to the product instructions and
Federal, State, and local guidelines. The Lab's Facilities Management
Department subcontracts monthly preventive pest control.

  -------------------------------- --------------------------------------
  []{#__RefHeading___Toc47490796   
  .anchor}Exhibit 5-6\             
  Control Chemicals and Products   
  Approved for Use in 2002         

  **[Pest Control]{.underline}**   **[Herbicides/Landscape\
                                   Maintenance]{.underline}**

  Borid                            Damoil

  Contrac                          Diazinon 4E

  Dursban T/C                      Dicofol 4EC

  Insect Guard ("No Pest Strip")   Dimension

  Intruder HPX                     Diometom

  MaxForce Bait                    Fore Tree & Ornamental Fungicide

  Mosquito Dunks                   Fusilade II

  Precor 1%EC (fleas)              Merit

  PT 565 plus                      MSMA Target 6.6

  Quintox Rat & Mouse Bait         Roundup

  Wasp Freeze                      Super Trimec

                                   

  **[Termite                       
  Control]{.underline}**           

  Dursban T/C                      
  -------------------------------- --------------------------------------

##  {#section-7 .unnumbered}

> Herbicides were used on annual and perennial weeds and grasses, stumps
> of trees, and brush. Pesticides were applied on-site for control of
> insects. Areas addressed included kitchens, laboratories, and other
> areas throughout the site.

Jefferson Lab requires that, when used outdoors, there is to be no
application of these compounds when rain is expected in order to
minimize the chances of them washing into local channels. To further
minimize the chances of pollution, no industrial-strength herbicides or
pesticides are prepared, mixed, stored, or disposed of on Jefferson Lab
property. The subcontractor is responsible for handling any waste
disposal through an authorized disposal facility. Small containers of
household pesticides are stored on-site and applied per manufacturer's
recommendations.

## 5.2 CONVENTIONAL AIR EMISSIONS {#conventional-air-emissions .unnumbered}

The Hampton Roads area of southeastern Virginia remained in attainment
of ozone ambient air quality standards in 2002, though it is still
considered a CAA maintenance area. The Hampton Roads area also remained
in attainment for the other criteria air pollutants: particulate matter,
sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead. There is no
required monitoring of criteria air pollutant emissions performed at
Jefferson Lab except for a very small amount of ozone generation, as
noted in the next paragraph. There are no applicable NAAQS emission
sources present on the site.

Accelerator operations can result in the generation of small quantities
of ozone. There are no environmental or public health effects from this
generation; however, ozone is monitored as a worker health issue and is
appropriately controlled.

Jefferson Lab is required to notify the DEQ regarding its air pollution
sources and the types of potential air pollution that may be released
into the atmosphere. Natural gas-fired boilers are the primary air
pollutant sources at Jefferson Lab. Annual air emissions reports are
provided to the DEQ upon request. Refer to Exhibit 5-7 for information
provided to the DEQ for 2002.

+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| []{#__ |                |                  |     |     |     |     |
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| *      | ##             | **[Annual Fuel   | *   |     |     |     |
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|        |                |                  | > * | > * | > * | > * |
|        |                |                  | *J- | *A- | *J- | *O- |
|        |                |                  | M** | J** | S** | D** |
+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > HB-1 | > CLVR.BRKS.   | 1.5              | >   | >   | > 7 | > 0 |
|        |                |                  |  58 |  35 |     |     |
+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > HB-2 | > CLVR.BRKS.   | 1.5              | >   | >   | > 7 | > 0 |
|        | > P-142-30     |                  |  58 |  35 |     |     |
+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > HB-3 | > CLVR.BRKS.   | 5.0              | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|        | > CB-760-60    |                  |  38 |  20 |  12 |  30 |
+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > HB-4 | > CLVR.BRKS.   | 5.0              | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|        | > CB-760-60    |                  |  38 |  20 |  12 |  30 |
+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > HB-5 | > BRYAN F-450  | 1.7              | >   | >   | >   | >   |
|        | > WG           |                  |  25 |  25 |  25 |  25 |
+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > HB-6 | > BRYAN F-90   | 1.4              | >   | >   | > 0 | >   |
|        | > WG           |                  |  46 |  24 |     |  30 |
+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > HB-7 | > BRYAN F-90   | 1.4              | >   | >   | > 0 | >   |
|        | > WG           |                  |  46 |  24 |     |  30 |
+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| > HB-8 | > PSB Fin Tube | 0.15             | >   | > 8 | > 0 | >   |
|        | > Radiator     |                  |  53 |     |     |  39 |
+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
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+--------+----------------+------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+

##  {#section-8 .unnumbered}

Since a 1995 review of non-radiological emission sources indicated a
minimal level of emissions, there have been no major changes in air
emissions. Jefferson Lab, therefore, remains below any reporting
thresholds. No new requirements became applicable in 2002.

## 5.3 SAFETY {#safety .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab's performance, with respect to worker safety for the 2002
CY, was as follows:

-   Recordable injury case rate: 1.7 per 100 employees;

-   Lost Work Day case rate: 0.9 per 100 employees;

-   Lost Work Day rate: 48.3 per 100 employees;

-   Number of radioactive contaminations (external): 0; and,

-   Number of Safety Occurrence Reports (OSHA confined space, chemical
    exposure, and lockout/tagout incidents): 5 -- four electrical events
    and one mechanical malfunction.

# SECTION 6 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION {#section-6-groundwater-protection .unnumbered}

## 6.1 INTRODUCTION {#introduction-1 .unnumbered}

Groundwater is a vital natural resource, the contamination of which
could present potential problems to the general population. Because of
this, both the Federal government and the Commonwealth of Virginia
regulate groundwater.

The Jefferson Lab Groundwater Protection Management Program is used as a
management tool and provides a strategy to minimize impact to
groundwater resources. The Program ensures compliance with Federal,
State, and local regulations, other identified standards, and effective
resource management practices. The Program includes a groundwater
monitoring plan that serves to assess the effect of past, current, and
future Jefferson Lab activities on groundwater quantity and quality.

## 6.2 HYDROGEOLOGY ISSUES {#hydrogeology-issues .unnumbered}

### 6.2.1 General Hydrogeology {#general-hydrogeology .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab is located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic
Province of Virginia. This province is underlain by unconsolidated
sediments ranging from early Cretaceous to Holocene Age. The sediments
dipping and thickening eastward consist primarily of sand, clay, silt,
and gravel, with variable amounts of shell material. The hydrogeologic
framework for the lower Peninsula is a series of aquifers and
intervening confining units defined on the basis of the lithologic and
the hydrologic properties of the unconsolidated Coastal Plain sediments.

The site is located on the eastern tip of the lower James-York
Peninsula. Sediments found within 50 feet of the surface belong to the
Yorktown Formation (Chesapeake Group) and overlying Columbia Group,
which is comprised of four formations. These formations are similar to
many Quaternary formations that comprise the riverine, estuarine, and
coastal terraces of the Virginia Coastal Plain.

Jefferson Lab is situated in the central section of Newport News,
Virginia, at an average elevation of about 35 feet above MSL. The site
is in a Zone C area on the local flood maps, so is not considered to be
within the 100-year floodplain. The site is located in the watershed of
Brick Kiln Creek, which discharges to Big Bethel Reservoir. The
reservoir served as a drinking water source for local military
installations through mid-2002. The only long-lasting streams on the
Jefferson Lab site are those due to discharges from cooling towers and
groundwater dewatering operations. Small localized wet areas exist, a
few are permanent, and the rest occur during periods of heavy
precipitation and eventually drain by surface runoff and groundwater
recharge.

### 6.2.2 Aquifer Information {#aquifer-information .unnumbered}

The uppermost hydrostratigraphic unit encountered at the site is the
water table aquifer, the Columbia, which is composed of sediments of the
Columbia Group. The thickness of the aquifer ranges between 15 and 30
feet, with a seasonal variability of\
8 feet or more. This water table aquifer, and up to nine confined
aquifers, have been identified with the Atlantic Coastal Plain system.
Groundwater flow within the water table aquifer is influenced by
localized boundary conditions present as creeks and rivers. The first
confined aquifer beneath the Columbia aquifer is the Yorktown-Eastover
aquifer, composed of the coarser units of the Yorktown Formation. The
upper 50 to 100 feet of the Yorktown-Eastover aquifer is usually fresh
water and is one of the most important aquifers in the region.

Previous subsurface studies and groundwater elevation readings indicate
that horizontal groundwater flow is generally across the site to the
east-southeast. Modeling performed during 1995, with groundwater flow
and velocity reevaluated in 2001 and early 2002, indicated that the
groundwater flow pattern, including seasonal variations, had not changed
from earlier studies with the exception of significant local effects in
the vicinity of the experimental hall dewatering system. In this area,
groundwater has the tendency to work slowly toward the halls and
ultimately be cycled through the dewatering system and into a site
surface water channel.

### 6.2.3 Potential Contamination Sources {#potential-contamination-sources .unnumbered}

Potential groundwater contamination sources in the vicinity of Jefferson
Lab could include contaminants from offsite properties that could
migrate across the site. No impacts from offsite sources have been noted
on the DOE site. On-site sources had included three underground storage
tanks, which were removed along with any identified contaminants.

Another potential contamination source is from EHMs that are used in
daily operations by Jefferson Lab staff. Proper handling and storage
practices, including the standard use of secondary containment, are
implemented throughout the site. All hazardous waste is managed
appropriately by EH&S staff under the applicable RCRA requirements.

Soil radioactivation is another potential source of groundwater
contamination. As the facility has become fully operational, the
monitoring of VPDES-permitted wells for particular groundwater quality
parameters is performed at the frequencies shown in Exhibit 4-6.
Jefferson Lab will maintain the capability to sample and analyze
groundwater more frequently, as necessary, to ensure that effects on
groundwater are minimal. From controls designed into the accelerator
complex, including in-place shielding measures, and through
calculations, a minimal amount of soil or groundwater activation is
expected on-site and no offsite effect is anticipated.

### 6.2.4 Groundwater Uses {#groundwater-uses .unnumbered}

The groundwater resources of the York-James Peninsula are abundant;
however, the generally poor water quality limits groundwater use. Some
Peninsula groundwater is used in conjunction with area reservoirs to
supply drinking water.

Jefferson Lab withdraws groundwater from below Halls A, B, and C under
the site Permit to Withdraw Groundwater, as discussed in Section 2.5.2.2
There are no projected needs for the use of groundwater on the Jefferson
Lab site. As the surrounding area continues to be developed, the use of
this resource to serve the city remains under investigation.

## 6.3 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION PROGRAM SUMMARY {#groundwater-protection-program-summary .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab's EP programs have been established to allow the continued
careful use of water resources and to ensure the desired maintenance of
all water quality parameters to the maximum practicable extent. Existing
water quality parameters are mandated under Federal and Commonwealth
regulations, with the main guidance for this program being the CWA. The
primary CWA objective is to "restore and maintain the chemical,
physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters." Jefferson
Lab complies with the applicable standards discussed in Section 2.5.

Two significant operations that impact groundwater, described below,
were addressed in the 1987 EA. Environmental impacts were minimized for
both through design strategies.

-   The continued withdrawal of groundwater for structural purposes and
    short-term dewatering for construction projects.

-   The potential impact to the groundwater on the Jefferson Lab site or
    beyond the site limits because of construction and/or accelerator
    and physics program activities.

Both the 1987 and 2002 EAs found that "no significant environmental
impacts are predicted." The 1987 EA had also concluded that proper
design and careful operation of the accelerator would minimize any
impacts, including those to groundwater. The Commonwealth's largest
concern is the potential for radiological activation of the groundwater
in the soil surrounding the accelerator. The 1997 EA addressed
additional potential impacts based on changes in CEBAF operating
parameters and the inclusion of FEL operations. (See Section 3.4 for
additional information about NEPA.)

The prevention of hazardous material and oil spills is addressed through
appropriate training and awareness programs at Jefferson Lab. The
prevention of oil spills is the main focus of the site SPCC Plan. The
chemical assistance team assists by providing immediate containment in
the event of oil or hazardous material spills, while the RadCon Group
addresses any activated water spills, thus minimizing potential surface
and groundwater impacts. An emergency management exercise that addressed
an injury using a tabletop exercise in 2002 tested the Lab\'s response
program effectiveness. A few minor opportunities for improvement in the
site staff notification procedures were identified and addressed.

### 6.3.1 Groundwater Resource Protection Quantity {#groundwater-resource-protection-quantity .unnumbered}

Groundwater withdrawn at Halls A, B,\
and C is pumped to a single discharge that empties into a stormwater
drainage channel. The channel is graded to allow the water to flow east,
then south and off the site, eventually flowing to the Big Bethel
reservoir. This dewatering is allowed by the Permit to Withdraw
Groundwater and is discussed further in Sections 2.5.2.2 and 5.1.1. The
Permit allows an annual withdrawal of up to twenty-three million gallons
of groundwater, with the actual amount pumped significantly less. No
other withdrawals or projected uses are expected.

### 6.3.2 Groundwater Resource Protection Quality {#groundwater-resource-protection-quality .unnumbered}

The Commonwealth, through authorized discharge limits in VPDES Permit
No. VA0089320, regulates accelerator-produced radionuclides that are
potentially present in the groundwater. This Permit superseded a
Virginia Pollution Abatement (VPA) Permit in 1996, which primarily
established a groundwater quality baseline for comparison with
measurements during long-term accelerator operations.

The current VPDES Permit specifies that the groundwater leaving the
Jefferson Lab site shall not exceed the established baseline groundwater
parameters. A groundwater monitoring program uses well sampling as the
mechanism for making the determination that commitments are met. This
Permit also requires keeping the DEQ informed about changes at Jefferson
Lab that could affect surface or groundwater quality.

### 6.3.3 Surface Water Protection {#surface-water-protection .unnumbered}

Surface water quality is maintained by discharging only unpolluted
waters, such as rainwater or groundwater, to the environment. Potential
sources of contamination of surface waters and associated control
measures identified for the site include:

-   Using proper procedures, such as secondary containment, prevents
    releases of EHMs to surface water or the ground.

-   The prevention of potential oil leaks from equipment or system
    malfunctions which are addressed in the SPCC Plan.

-   The addition of sediments and other pollutants to surface waters
    from pumping at construction areas is addressed by including
    specific contractual requirements for any subcontractor performing
    earthwork to follow the practices identified in the *Virginia
    Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook*.

-   Water within the tunnels and experimental halls may become activated
    from exposure to radiation. The RadCon Group procedures that address
    activated water management provide for sampling and monitoring of
    water (before release) from any potential source within the
    accelerator and experimental halls.

-   Groundwater surrounding the tunnel and experimental halls may become
    activated during beam operations. The groundwater is shielded from
    exposure to radiation, so only minimal amounts of radiation are
    expected. The groundwater withdrawn at the halls is monitored under
    VPDES Permit No. VA0089320.

## 6.4 GROUNDWATER MONITORING REVIEW {#groundwater-monitoring-review .unnumbered}

Jefferson Lab's environmental monitoring program is designed to verify
that any radiation exposures, as well as non-radioactive effluent
releases, are below permissible limits, and that accelerator operations
and physics experiments, as well as Laboratory support functions, have
not affected the quality of the environment.

Radioactivation of groundwater is possible in certain locations around
the accelerator complex. Massive concrete and steel shields within the
accelerator beam enclosures and in the beam deceleration areas minimize
groundwater activation.

The locations of the "A", "B", and "C" Ring wells, labeled as to
proximity to the accelerator tunnel, are specified in VPDES Permit No.
VA0089320. The permit-identified wells are used for sampling and
analysis during regular accelerator operations and experimental physics
activities. Exhibit 4-5 shows the locations of the background and active
monitoring wells.

The "baseline" values obtained during the term of the VPA Permit helped
define the operational groundwater quality limits that are listed in
VPDES Permit No. VA0089320. The permit action or trigger levels, based
on the statistical analysis provided to the DEQ, are shown in
Exhibit 4‑7. Note that the Commonwealth restricts water contamination to
1 mrem/yr., which is one-quarter of the regulated drinking water quality
limit. Under this permit, Jefferson Lab has to take specific corrective
action if any of the following values are detected at the "A" or "B"
Ring wells: Gross Beta - 50 pCi/l; Tritium - 5000 pCi/l; and, Manmade
Radioactivity - 1 mrem/yr. The "C" Ring wells are, at no time, to
statistically exceed the background levels shown in the Permit.

Well locations are regularly reviewed, and local temporary test wells
would be used to sample potential problem areas. Sampling point
relocations would be considered based on study results.

# SECTION 7 QUALITY ASSURANCE {#section-7-quality-assurance .unnumbered}

Regular quality assurance (QA) efforts, which include quality control
(QC) measures, are being made to ensure that Jefferson Lab's
Environmental Monitoring Program is being performed in accordance with
the principles of the Jefferson Lab Quality Assurance Program Manual. As
well, EH&S Manual Chapter 6712, *Environmental QA,* provides methods and
direction for critical and objective examination of Jefferson Lab's EP
programs, practices, and performance.

## 7.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE IN SAMPLING PROCEDURES {#quality-assurance-in-sampling-procedures .unnumbered}

The Jefferson Lab QA Program includes qualification of the laboratories
that provide analytical services, verification of certification to
perform analytical work, and review of performance test results. Also
included in this review is the adequacy of their internal QC practices,
recordkeeping, chain of custody, and the relevant portions of the QA
program itself.

The RadCon Group and other program management are involved in the
qualification process for environmentally sensitive services, including
offsite analytical laboratories, and are responsible for auditing their
own QA practices and implementing relevant QA procedures. The Jefferson
Lab SA/QA function performs independent assessments of all functional
areas, including those for EP activities. The DOE oversight
organizations, in their independent overview capacity, also perform
periodic audits and surveillance of Jefferson Lab. No QA concerns were
noted for CY 2002 regarding sampling protocols or results.

Line management responsible for any process documents all routine
monitoring and surveillance sampling procedures. Some procedures have
been incorporated into the EH&S Manual. Other specialized procedures
have been developed in accordance with established standards, practices,
and protocols. The procedures ensure that samples are representative of
the media from which they are collected and will yield reliable results.
Subcontractors are required to use approved documented procedures.

Universal Laboratories, Inc. (Universal Labs) collected most VPDES and
HRSD permit-related water samples. Universal Labs performed all
non-radiological analyses on these samples. Their subcontractor, BWX
Technologies, Inc. (BWX), performed all radiological analyses on
identified samples. Several field audits were performed and showed
Universal Labs' collection procedures were satisfactory.

Other sample collection that involves radiochemicals, including some
required by the HRSD permit, is performed by the RadCon Group and
analyzed in the RadCon radiological analysis lab (Building 52). In 2002,
Jefferson Lab subcontracted with Marine Chemist, Inc. and American
Medical Lab to provide general chemical analysis on samples that were
not potentially radioactive. Qualified Jefferson Lab staff collect such
non-permit related samples that require general chemical analysis.

## 7.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE IN ANALYSIS {#quality-assurance-in-analysis .unnumbered}

Samples are analyzed for radiological and non-radiological attributes
using standard EPA-approved analytical procedures. A continuing program
of analytical laboratory quality control, participation in
interlaboratory crosschecks, analysis of various blanks, and replicate
sampling and analysis verifies data quality. The RadCon Group,
Accelerator Division EH&S staff, and other responsible staff review all
analytical data for samples analyzed under their subcontracts. The
analytical results are reviewed relative to the accompanying QA/QC
results and compared with regulatory limits for acceptability. These
reviews include inspection of chain-of-custodies, sample stewardship,
sample handling and transport, and sampling protocols. When applicable
to the analysis requested, analytical labs must be appropriately
certified. Inspection visits are made to both Universal Labs and BWX on
a biennial basis. These visits confirm that analytical practices being
performed are satisfactory.

Ongoing precision and accuracy are monitored by analysis of the
following with each batch of samples: laboratory standards, duplicate
determinations, matrix spikes, and matrix spike duplicates. These data
are used to calculate the relative standard deviation on all applicable
parameters. The quality of the data is then evaluated and compared to
regulatory limits to determine acceptability. In addition, a range of
radiochemical spikes is used to test the vendor's ability to achieve the
required sensitivity for each parameter, and their reliability in
detecting accelerator-produced radionuclides at or below the
concentration guide standards. This enables compliance with permit
requirements that QA is performed.

Jefferson Lab continues to maintain appropriate agency certifications
and to incorporate certification requirements in subcontract
specifications. Any equipment used for environmental monitoring is
specified to have calibration certifications traceable to national
standards.

Universal Labs and the RadCon radiological analysis lab participate in
DOE's Quality Assessment Program (QAP) run by Environmental Measurements
Laboratory (EML). BWX participates in two DOE crosscheck evaluation
programs: one from the EML, and one from the Mixed Analyte Performance
Evaluation Program (MAPEP). In addition, the National Environmental
Laboratory Accreditation Conference (NELAC) certifies BWX. NELAC's
purpose is to establish and promote mutually acceptable performance
standards for the operation of environmental laboratories. BWX is also
EPA sample certified by the State of Utah, as well as with the
Commonwealth of Virginia for environmental monitoring. Universal Labs,
Marine Chemist, and American Medical Lab participate in state programs
to maintain their state certification.

### 7.2.1 Radiological {#radiological .unnumbered}

#### Independent QA under the DOE {#independent-qa-under-the-doe .unnumbered}

The EML QAP is an external, independent performance evaluation program
designed to test the quality of environmental radiological measurements
and provides DOE with complex-wide comparability of environmental
radiological analysis. Under this program, four matrices of various
radionuclides are distributed semi-annually to DOE-subcontracted
laboratories for analysis, with the labs required to analyze only the
parameters for which they analyze under contract.

In 2002, BWX and Jefferson Lab's RadCon lab participated in the EML's
QAP for radionuclides. Two sets of results for BWX and one for Jefferson
Lab under the QAP were available. The results, for the parameters
analyzed by BWX and Jefferson Lab, that are applicable at Jefferson Lab,
are provided as Exhibits 7‑1 and 7-2. Note that only selected results
are presented in these exhibits. Results indicated as warnings mean they
are near the limits of acceptability. BWX's overall results for QAP 56
were 91% acceptable and 9% acceptable with warning. It also shows that
100% of the results for the water program, which is of greatest
importance for Jefferson Lab, were all acceptable or acceptable with
warning. Selected results for both BWX and Jefferson Lab under QAP 57
were 100% acceptable for the water programs. For the air results,
Jefferson Lab had 100% acceptable and BWX had 80% acceptable or
acceptable with warning and 20% not acceptable. No 2002 results under
the MAPEP were provided. \[Note: acceptable with warning shows good
results, just not in the smaller margin of error to be called
'acceptable'.\]

BWX participated in a QA program for analysis of samples under the
Environmental Resource Associates. Performance results for RAD49 and
RAD50 were received. Results for radionuclides of interest to Jefferson
Lab are shown in Exhibit 7-3. The selected results for both were 100%
acceptable.

#### Other QA Activities {#other-qa-activities .unnumbered}

BWX also participates in a RadCon Group directed crosscheck program for
selected radionuclides that includes duplicates and spiked samples
provided at various times in the year. In all circumstances, the results
were satisfactory in all appropriate testing categories.

In conjunction with VPDES and HRSD permit-related sampling activities,
the RadCon lab runs parallel analyses on selected groundwater monitoring
samples and HRSD quarterly composite samples as a QA verification.

###  {#section-9 .unnumbered}

###  7.2.2 Other Programs {#other-programs .unnumbered}

Universal Labs, as part of its credentialing program, participates in
two QA programs to ensure a high level of testing accuracy. During CY
2002, they received blind samples and conducted analyses on them. WP-075
results, under the protocol of a NSI Laboratory Proficiency Testing
Program, for the parameters of interest to Jefferson Lab are shown in
Exhibit 7-4. Results were 88% acceptable or acceptable with warning and
12% not acceptable for the selected parameters. No other results from
other QA programs were provided.

All testing protocols were done in accordance with EPA guidelines. Test
results that were outside of acceptable standards were addressed by
Universal Labs to determine what went wrong and how to make improvements
for the future. RadCon staff review the test results to ensure Universal
Labs is maintaining its ability to provide quality services.

+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
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+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     |        | **     |       | *     |       |         |         |
|     |        | [Repor |       | *[EML |       |         |         |
|     |        | ted]{. |       | Known |       |         |         |
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|     |        | ine}** |       | derli |       |         |         |
|     |        |        |       | ne}** |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| **[ | *      | *      | **[   | **    | **[   | **      | **[     |
| Mat | *[Anal | *Value | Error | Value | Error | Ratio** | Result] |
| rix | yte]{. | [(Bq   | ]{.un | [(    | ]{.un |         | {.under |
| ]{. | underl | /l)]{. | derli | Bq/l) | derli | **[R    | line}** |
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| }** |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| Wa  | Gross  | 4      | 2     | 37    | 3     | 1.248   | W       |
| ter | Alpha  | 68.000 | 7.000 | 5.000 | 7.500 |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| (B  | Gross  | 8      | 3     | 103   | 10    | 0.873   | A       |
| WX) | Beta   | 99.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 3.000 |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | H-3    | 3      | 2     | 28    | 3.380 | 1.181   | A       |
|     |        | 35.000 | 1.000 | 3.700 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Co-60  | 3      | 1     | 34    | 1     | 1.060   | A       |
|     |        | 68.000 | 5.000 | 7.330 | 2.400 |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-134 | 3.160  | 1.210 | 3.357 | 0.200 | 0.941   | A       |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 55.900 | 2.300 | 5     | 2.929 | 0.997   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 6.067 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| Air | Gross  | 0.539  | 0.034 | 0.534 | 0.053 | 1.009   | A       |
|     | Alpha  |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| (B  | Gross  | 1.180  | 0.040 | 1.300 | 0.130 | 0.908   | A       |
| WX) | Beta   |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Co-60  | 30.000 | 1.600 | 3     | 0.652 | 0.983   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 0.520 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 27.300 | 1.200 | 2     | 0.701 | 0.967   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 8.230 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Mn-54  | 38.100 | 3.000 | 3     | 0.867 | 0.989   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 8.530 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
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+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+

+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
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+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     |        | **     |       | *     |       |         |         |
|     |        | [Repor |       | *[EML |       |         |         |
|     |        | ted]{. |       | Known |       |         |         |
|     |        | underl |       | ]{.un |       |         |         |
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|     |        |        |       | ne}** |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| **[ | *      | *      | **[   | **    | **[   | **      | **[     |
| Mat | *[Anal | *Value | Error | Value | Error | Ratio** | Result] |
| rix | yte]{. | [(Bq   | ]{.un | [(    | ]{.un |         | {.under |
| ]{. | underl | /l)]{. | derli | Bq/l) | derli | **[R    | line}** |
| und | ine}** | underl | ne}** | ]{.un | ne}** | ep/EML] |         |
| erl |        | ine}** |       | derli |       | {.under |         |
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| }** |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| Wa  | Gross  | 2      | 1     | 21    | 2     | 1.076   | A       |
| ter | Alpha  | 26.000 | 9.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| (B  | Gross  | 8      | 3     | 90    | 9     | 0.918   | A       |
| WX) | Beta   | 26.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | H-3    | 2      | 2     | 22    | 5.615 | 1.214   | A       |
|     |        | 76.000 | 1.000 | 7.300 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Co-60  | 2      | 1     | 26    | 9.710 | 1.053   | A       |
|     |        | 83.000 | 2.000 | 8.670 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-134 | 55.100 | 2.600 | 6     | 1.860 | 0.915   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 0.200 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 83.200 | 3.100 | 8     | 4.280 | 1.022   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 1.430 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| Wa  | Co-60  | 2      | 9.400 | 26    | 9.710 | 0.992   | A       |
| ter |        | 66.400 |       | 8.670 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| (JL | Co-60  | 2      | 7.100 | 26    | 9.710 | 1.038   | A       |
| ab) |        | 79.000 |       | 8.670 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Co-60  | 2      | 6.200 | 26    | 9.710 | 1.013   | A       |
|     |        | 72.200 |       | 8.670 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-134 | 58.000 | 1.700 | 6     | 1.860 | 0.963   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 0.200 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-134 | 56.900 | 2.400 | 6     | 1.860 | 0.945   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 0.200 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-134 | 54.300 | 3.700 | 6     | 1.860 | 0.902   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 0.200 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 80.700 | 3.300 | 8     | 4.280 | 0.991   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 1.430 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 81.500 | 6.000 | 8     | 4.280 | 1.001   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 1.430 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 85.500 | 4.400 | 8     | 4.280 | 1.050   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 1.430 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| Air | Gross  | 0.283  | 0.031 | 0.287 | 0.029 | 0.986   | A       |
|     | Alpha  |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| (B  | Gross  | 0.769  | 0.064 | 0.871 | 0.087 | 0.883   | A       |
| WX) | Beta   |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Co-60  | 19.900 | 1.100 | 2     | 0.059 | 0.865   | W       |
|     |        |        |       | 3.000 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 27.400 | 1.200 | 3     | 0.777 | 0.843   | W       |
|     |        |        |       | 2.500 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Mn-54  | 40.000 | 6.700 | 5     | 1.170 | 0.766   | N       |
|     |        |        |       | 2.200 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| Air | Co-60  | 23.300 | 0.800 | 2     | 0.059 | 1.013   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 3.000 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| (JL | Co-60  | 23.300 | 0.700 | 2     | 0.059 | 1.013   | A       |
| ab) |        |        |       | 3.000 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Co-60  | 24.100 | 1.000 | 2     | 0.059 | 1.048   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 3.000 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 33.500 | 1.500 | 3     | 0.777 | 1.031   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 2.500 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 35.100 | 1.400 | 3     | 0.777 | 1.080   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 2.500 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Cs-137 | 37.800 | 1.800 | 3     | 0.777 | 1.163   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 2.500 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Mn-54  | 54.000 | 2.300 | 5     | 1.170 | 1.034   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 2.200 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Mn-54  | 54.500 | 2.200 | 5     | 1.170 | 1.044   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 2.200 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
|     | Mn-54  | 56.900 | 2.000 | 5     | 1.170 | 1.090   | A       |
|     |        |        |       | 2.200 |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+
| B   |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
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| ovi |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
| ded |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
| in  |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
| t   |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
| his |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
| Ex  |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
| hib |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
| it. |        |        |       |       |       |         |         |
+-----+--------+--------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+

+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| []{#__ |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| RefHea |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| ding__ |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| _Toc47 |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| 490800 |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| .an    |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| chor}E |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| xhibit |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| 7-3\   |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| ERA QA |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| Pr     |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| ogram\ |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| A      |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| verage |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| Par    |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| ameter |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| R      |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| esults |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| for    |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| 2002   |         |       |         |       |            |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| **[Mat | **[A    | **Rep | **Exper | **Ass | **Control  | **Perf  |
| rix]{. | nalyte] | orted | imental | igned | Limits     | ormance |
| underl | {.under | Value | De      | Va    | [(p        | [Eval   |
| ine}** | line}** | [(p   | viation | lue** | Ci/L)]{.un | uation] |
|        |         | Ci/L) | [(      |       | derline}** | {.under |
|        |         | ]{.un | pCi/L)] | **[(p |            | line}** |
|        |         | derli | {.under | Ci/l) |            |         |
|        |         | ne}** | line}** | ]{.un |            |         |
|        |         |       |         | derli |            |         |
|        |         |       |         | ne}** |            |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| **R    |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| AD49** |         |       |         |       |            |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| Water  | Co-60   | 44.2  | 5.84    | 39.1  | 30.4 -     | A       |
|        |         |       |         |       | 47.8       |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| (BWX)  | Cs-134  | 13.3  | 0.404   | 17.1  | 8.44 -     | A       |
|        |         |       |         |       | 25.8       |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
|        | Cs-137  | 53.7  | 0.551   | 52.1  | 43.4 -     | A       |
|        |         |       |         |       | 60.8       |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
|        |         |       |         |       |            |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| **R    |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| AD50** |         |       |         |       |            |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| Water  | Gross   | 42.5  | 2.21    | 58.8  | 33.5 -     | A       |
|        | Alpha   |       |         |       | 84.1       |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| (BWX)  | Gross   | 18.7  | 1.15    | 21.9  | 13.2 -     | A       |
|        | Beta    |       |         |       | 30.6       |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| **R    |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| AD51** |         |       |         |       |            |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| Water  | H-3     | 1     | 265     | 1     | 8,440 --   | A       |
|        |         | 0,500 |         | 0,200 | 12,000     |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| (BWX)  |         |       |         |       |            |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
|        |         |       |         |       |            |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+
| BWX:   |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| BWX    |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| T      |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| echnol |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| ogies, |         |       |         |       |            |         |
| Inc.   |         |       |         |       |            |         |
+--------+---------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------+

+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| []   |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| {#__ |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| RefH |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| eadi |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| ng__ |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| _Toc |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| 4749 |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| 0801 |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| .an  |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| chor |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| }Exh |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| ibit |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| 7-4\ |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| Sele |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| cted |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| Res  |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| ults |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| from |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| U    |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| nive |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| rsal |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| Labo |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| rato |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| ries |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| Per  |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| form |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| ance |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| Ev   |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| alua |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| tion |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| Repo |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| rts\ |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| NSI  |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| La   |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| bora |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| tory |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| Pro  |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| fici |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| ency |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| Tes  |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| ting |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| Pro  |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| gram |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| S    |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| tudy |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| WP   |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| -075 |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| Sa   |    |           |     | Re     | True  | A         |       |
| mple |    |           |     | ported |       | cceptance |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| [C   |    | [Para     | [   | [      | [Val  | [L        | [     |
| ateg |    | meter]{.u | Uni | Value] | ue]{. | imits]{.u | Resul |
| ory] |    | nderline} | ts] | {.unde | under | nderline} | ts]{. |
| {.un |    |           | {.u | rline} | line} |           | under |
| derl |    |           | nde |        |       |           | line} |
| ine} |    |           | rli |        |       |           |       |
|      |    |           | ne} |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| T    |    | Aluminum  | μ   | 1460.0 | 1570  | 1345 -    | A     |
| race |    |           | g/L |        |       | 1784      |       |
| Me   |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| tals |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|      |    | Cadmium   | μ   | 646.0  | 623   | 532 - 707 | A     |
|      |    |           | g/L |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|      |    | Chromium  | μ   | 223.0  | 225   | 194 - 256 | A     |
|      |    |           | g/L |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|      |    | Copper    | μ   | 418.0  | 425   | 385 - 468 | A     |
|      |    |           | g/L |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| T    |    | Lead      | μ   | 2999.0 | 2880  | 2539 -    | A     |
| race |    |           | g/L |        |       | 3206      |       |
| Me   |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| tals |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|      |    | Manganese | μ   | 1904.0 | 1870  | 1682 -    | A     |
|      |    |           | g/L |        |       | 2078      |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|      |    | Nickel    | μ   | 2244.0 | 2490  | 2265 -    | N     |
|      |    |           | g/L |        |       | 2774      |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|      |    | Zinc      | μ   | 904.0  | 874   | 774 - 982 | A     |
|      |    |           | g/L |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|      |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| pH   |    | pH        | \-  | 9.1    | 9.00  | 8.73 -    | A     |
|      |    |           |     |        |       | 9.27      |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| Mer  |    | Mercury   | μ   | 17.5   | 12.7  | 9.50 -    | N     |
| cury |    |           | g/L |        |       | 15.9      |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| Amm  |    | Ammonia   | m   | 14.2   | 16.1  | 12.5 -    | A     |
| onia |    | as N      | g/L |        |       | 19.5      |       |
| as N |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|      |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| Resi |    | Total     | m   | 0.575  | 0.671 | 0.494 -   | A     |
| dual |    | Residual  | g/L |        |       | 0.847     |       |
| Chlo |    | Chlorine  |     |        |       |           |       |
| rine |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| Res  |    | Non-f     | m   | 62.0   | 67.0  | 51.4 -    | A     |
| idue |    | ilterable | g/L |        |       | 72.2      |       |
|      |    | Residue   |     |        |       |           |       |
|      |    | TSS       |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| Oil  |    | Oil and   | m   | 32.4   | 32.3  | 20.7 -    | A     |
| and  |    | Grease    | g/L |        |       | 37.7      |       |
| Gr   |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| ease |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| De   |    | COD       | m   | 63.0   | 78.8  | 57.0 -    | W     |
| mand |    |           | g/L |        |       | 94.0      |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
|      |    | TOC       | m   | 31.8   | 31.1  | 25.9 -    | A     |
|      |    |           | g/L |        |       | 36.0      |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+
| No   | On |           |     |        |       |           |       |
| tes: | ly |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | se |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | le |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ct |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ed |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | r  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | es |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ul |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ts |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | th |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | at |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | h  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ad |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | so |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | me |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | r  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | el |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ev |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | an |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ce |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | to |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | J  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ef |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | fe |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | rs |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | on |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | L  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ab |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | op |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | er |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | at |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | io |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ns |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | a  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | re |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | pr |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ov |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | id |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ed |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | in |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | th |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | is |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | Ex |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | hi |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | bi |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | t. |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | U  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | g/ |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | L: |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | mi |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | cr |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | og |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ra |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ms |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | p  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | er |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | li |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | te |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | r; |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | m  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | g/ |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | L: |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | mi |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ll |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ig |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ra |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ms |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | p  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | er |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | l  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | it |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | er |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | CO |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | D: |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | Ch |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | em |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ic |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | al |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | Ox |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | yg |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | en |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | De |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ma |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | nd |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | TO |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | C: |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | T  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ot |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | al |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | O  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | rg |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | an |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ic |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | Ca |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | rb |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | on |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      |    |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | TS |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | S: |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | T  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ot |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | al |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | S  |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | us |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | pe |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | nd |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ed |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | So |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | li |           |     |        |       |           |       |
|      | ds |           |     |        |       |           |       |
+------+----+-----------+-----+--------+-------+-----------+-------+

# SECTION 8 {#section-8-1 .unnumbered}

# REFERENCES {#references .unnumbered}

Industrial Wastewater Discharge Regulations

Hampton Roads Sanitation District

July 1, 1999 revision.

U.S. Department of Energy

Air Emissions Summary Report

Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility

July 14, 1995.

U.S. Department of Energy

Hydrogeologic Review

Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility

September 1995 and 2002 update.

U.S. Department of Energy

Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure Plan

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

December 2001 revision.

U.S. Department of Energy

Environmental Assessment DOE/EA-0257

Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility

Newport News, VA

January 1987.

U.S. Department of Energy

Environmental Assessment DOE/EA-1204

Change in Operating Parameters of the Continuous Electron Beam
Accelerator Facility and the Free Electron Laser

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

Newport News, VA

October 1997.

U.S. Department of Energy

Environmental Assessment DOE/EA-1384

Proposed Improvements at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator
Facility

Newport News, VA

June 2002.

Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook

Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation

Division of Soil and Water Conservation

1992\.

# SECTION 9 DISTRIBUTION LIST {#section-9-distribution-list .unnumbered}

INTERNAL

Dr. Christoph W. Leemann, Director

Dr. Allison F. Lung, Assistant Director

Ms. Sally J. Fisk, Chief of Staff, Director's Office

Dr. Rocco Schiavilla, Acting Theory Group Leader

Dr. Lawrence Cardman, Associate Director, Physics Division

Dr. Dennis M. Skopik, Deputy Associate Director, Division EH&S Officer,
Physics Division

Dr. James J. Murphy, Director, Office of Assessment

Dr. Swapan Chattopadhyay, Associate Director, Accelerator Division

Dr. Andrew M. Hutton, Accelerator Division Deputy, Director of
Operations, Accelerator Division

Ms. Kelly S. Caccetta, Associate Director, Administration Division

Mr. Mark J. Waite, Deputy Associate Director, Administration Division

Dr. Frederick H. Dylla, Chief Technology Officer, FEL Program Manager

Dr. Roy R. Whitney, Chief Information Officer

Mr. Claus H. Rode, Office of Project Management

Ms. Mary C. Erwin, Chief Financial Officer

Rhonda M. Scales, Esq., Legal Counsel

Ms. Linda L. Even, Environmental Engineer, EH&S Reporting Officer

Mr. Carter B. Ficklen, EH&S Reporting Manager, Director's Office EH&S
Officer

Mr. John J. Kelly, Administration Division EH&S Officer

Mr. Robert T. May, Accelerator Division EH&S Officer

Ms. Sandra L. Prior, EH&S Tracking, Trending, and Training Group Leader,
Accelerator Division

EXTERNAL

The Honorable John W. Warner

The Honorable Jo Ann S. Davis

The Honorable George Allen

The Honorable Robert C. Scott

The Honorable Phillip A. Hamilton

The Honorable Mary T. Christian

The Honorable Terry G. Kilgore

The Honorable Flora Davis Crittenden

The Honorable G. Glenn Oder

The Honorable Thomas D. Gear, Jr.

The Honorable Edward L. Schrock

The Honorable J. Randy Forbes

Mayor Joe S. Frank, City of Newport News

Mayor Mamie E. Locke, Ph.D., City of Hampton

Mr. James S. Burgett, Chairperson, York County Board of Supervisors

Ms. Rhondra J. Matthews, President and CEO, Daily Press, Inc.

Mr. Delma R. Carpenter, President/Publisher, The Virginian-Pilot

Mr. Robert T. Moore, Industrial Waste Manager, Hampton Roads Sanitation
District

Ms. Anhthu Nguyn, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Ms. Carolyn Putnam, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Mr. Ronald E. Johnson, Chief, Industrial Waste Division, Hampton Roads
Sanitation District

Dr. Jerry P. Draayer, President, Southeastern Universities Research
Association, Inc.

Mr. James A. Turi, DOE Site Manager, Jefferson Lab

Mr. John W. Anderson, Department Head for ES&H Infrastructure Support,
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

Mr. Leslie P. Foldesi, Director, Radiological Health Program, Virginia
Department of Health

Mr. Leonard Huesties, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Ms. Irene Boczek, Associate Director, ES&H, Stanford Linear Accelerator
Center

Dr. Timothy M. Miller, Associate Section Head, ES&H Section, Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory

Mr. W. Tayloe Murphy, Jr., Office of the Secretary of Natural Resources
(for Virginia)

# APPENDIX A {#appendix-a .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

#  {#section-10 .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

# ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS {#acronyms-and-abbreviations .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc47492224 .anchor}ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS

> These acronyms and abbreviations reflect the typical manner in which
> terms are used for this specific document and may not apply to all
> situations.

  ------------- --------------- -------------------------- --------- ----------- ----------------- -----------------------
  A C M                         Asbestos-containing                  **E H M**   Environmentally   
                                material                                         Harmful Material  

  **A E A**                     Atomic Energy Act                    **E H S**   Extremely         
                                                                                 hazardous         
                                                                                 substance         

  **A L & R**                   Administrative Laws and              **E H & S** Environment,      
                                Regulations                                      Health, and       
                                                                                 Safety            

  **A P**                       Affirmative Procurement              **E M L**   Environmental     
                                                                                 Measurements      
                                                                                 Laboratory        

  **A R C**                     Applied Research Center              **E M S**   Environmental     
                                                                                 Management System 

  **BMP**                       Best Management Practice             **E O**     Executive Order   
                                                                                 of the President  
                                                                                 of the United     
                                                                                 States            

  **B q**                       Becquerel                            **E P**     Environmental     
                                                                                 Protection        

  **B W X**                     BWX Technologies, Inc.               **E P A**   Environmental     
                                                                                 Protection Agency 

  **C A A**                     Clean Air Act                        **E P C R   Emergency         
                                                                     A**         Planning and      
                                                                                 Community         
                                                                                 Right-to-Know Act 

  **C A A A**                   Clean Air Act Amendments             **E P Gs**  Emergency         
                                                                                 Planning and      
                                                                                 Response Groups   

  **C A S A**                   Center for Advanced                  **E P P**   Environmentally   
                                Studies of Accelerators                          Preferable        
                                                                                 Purchasing        

  **C B P A**                   Chesapeake Bay                       **E S A**   Endangered        
                                Preservation Act                                 Species Act       

  **CBPADMR**                   Chesapeake Bay                       **E S & H** Environment,      
                                Preservation Area                                Safety, and       
                                Designation and Management                       Health            
                                Regulations                                                        

  **C E B A F**                 Continuous Electron Beam             **F D S**   Floor Drain Sump  
                                Accelerator Facility                                               

  **C E R C L                   Comprehensive                        **F E L**   Free Electron     
  A**                           Environmental Response,                          Laser             
                                Compensation, and                                                  
                                Liability Act                                                      

  **C F C**                     Chlorofluorocarbon                   **F I F R   Federal           
                                                                     A**         Insecticide,      
                                                                                 Fungicide, and    
                                                                                 Rodenticide Act   

  **C F R**                     Code of Federal                      **F O N S   Finding of No     
                                Regulations                          I**         Significant       
                                                                                 Impact            

  **C i**                       Curie                                **F Y**     Fiscal Year       

  **C L A S**                   CEBAF Large Acceptance               **G e V**   Billion (Giga-)   
                                Spectrometer                                     electron volts    

  **C O D**                     Chemical Oxygen Demand               **G P D**   Gallons per day   

  **C W A**                     Clean Water Act                      **G S A**   General Services  
                                                                                 Administration    

  **C X**                       Categorical Exclusion                **H R S D** Hampton Roads     
                                                                                 Sanitation        
                                                                                 District          

  **C Y**                       Calendar Year                        **H S**     Hazardous         
                                                                                 Substance         

  **C Z M A**                   Coastal Zone Management              **H W C**   Hazardous Waste   
                                Act                                              Coordinator       

  **D E Q**                     (Virginia) Department of             **I A**     Independent       
                                Environmental Quality                            Assessment        

  **D O D**                     U.S. Department of Defense           **I R**     Infrared          

  **D O E**                     U.S. Department of Energy            **I S M**   Integrated Safety 
                                                                                 Management        

  **D O T**                     U.S. Department of                   **I W D R** Industrial        
                                Transportation                                   Wastewater        
                                                                                 Discharge         
                                                                                 Regulations       

  **E 2**       Energy                                     **k g**                                 Kilogram
                Efficiency                                                                         

  **E A**       Environmental                              **LLW**                                 Low Level Radioactive
                Assessment                                                                         Waste
  ------------- --------------- -------------------------- --------- ----------- ----------------- -----------------------

ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS (continued)

  ---------- ----------------- -------------------------- ---------- ------------- -------------- -------------------------
  **L S A**  Line                                         **RCRA**                 Resource       
             Self-Assessment                                                       Conservation   
                                                                                   and Recovery   
                                                                                   Act            

  **μ g/L**                    Micrograms per Liter                  **RMA**                      Resource Management Area

  **μ S v**                    MicroSievert                          **R Q**                      Reportable Quantity

  **M ^3^**                    Cubic Meters                          **R & D**                    Research and Development

  **M A P E                    Mixed Analyte Performance             **S A / Q A**                Self-Assessment/Quality
  P**                          Evaluation Program                                                 Assurance

  **M B T                      Migratory Bird Treaty Act             **S A R A**                  Superfund Amendments and
  A**                                                                                             Reauthorization Act

  **m g/ L**                   Milligrams per liter                  **S D W A**                  Safe Drinking Water Act

  **M G D**                    Million gallons per day               **S E R**                    Site Environmental Report

  **m r e                      Millirem                              **S N S**                    Spallation Neutron Source
  m**                                                                                             

  **M S D                      Material Safety Data Sheet            **S P C C**                  Spill Prevention,
  S**                                                                                             Control, and
                                                                                                  Countermeasure (Plan)

  **M S L**                    Mean Sea Level                        **S Q G**                    Small Quantity Generator

  **m S v**                    MilliSievert                          **S R F**                    Superconducting
                                                                                                  Radiofrequency

  **MT**                       Metric Ton                            **S U R A**                  Southeastern Universities
                                                                                                  Research Association,
                                                                                                  Inc.

  **N A A Q                    National Ambient Air                  **S v**                      Sievert
  S**                          Quality Standards                                                  

  **N A S                      National Aeronautics and              **S W D A**                  Solid Waste Disposal Act
  A**                          Space Administration                                               

  **N C P**                    National Oil and Hazardous            **S W P P**                  Storm Water Pollution
                               Substances Pollution                                               Prevention
                               Contingency Plan                                                   

  **N E L A                    National Environmental                **T D S**                    Total Dissolved Solids
  C**                          Laboratory Accreditation                                           
                               Conference                                                         

  **N E P                      National Environmental                **T J N A F                  Thomas Jefferson National
  A**                          Policy Act                            or Jefferson                 Accelerator Facility
                                                                     Lab**                        

  **N E S H                    National Emission                     **T O C**                    Total Organic Carbon
  A P s**                      Standards for Hazardous                                            
                               Air Pollutants                                                     

  **N H P                      National Historic                     **T P Q**                    Threshold Planning
  A**                          Preservation Act                                                   Quantity

  **O D S**                    Ozone-Depleting Substance             **T R I**                    Toxic Release Inventory

  **O R O**                    Oak Ridge Operations --               **T S**                      Total Solids
                               (DOE)                                                              

  **O S H                      Occupational Safety and               **T S C A**                  Toxic Substances Control
  A**                          Health Act                                                         Act

  **P 2**                      Pollution Prevention                  **T S S**                    Total Suspended Solids

  **P A A                      Price-Anderson Amendments             **Universal                  Universal Laboratories,
  A**                          Act                                   Labs**                       Inc.

  **P C B**                    Polychlorinated biphenyl              **U V**                      Ultraviolet

  **p C i/                     Picocuries per liter                  **V A C**                    Virginia Administrative
  l**                                                                                             Code

  **P P A**                    Pollution Prevention Act              **V D H R**                  Virginia's Department of
                                                                                                  Historic Resources

  **Q A**                      Quality Assurance                     **V P A**                    Virginia Pollutant
                                                                                                  Abatement (Permit)

  **Q A P**                    Quality Assessment Program            **V P D E S**                Virginia Pollutant
                                                                                                  Discharge Elimination
                                                                                                  System (Permit)

  **Q C**                      Quality Control                       **W M i n / P                Waste
                                                                     2**                          Minimization/Pollution
                                                                                                  Prevention

  **Rad                        Radiation Control Group               **W S S**                    Work Smart Standards
  Con**                                                                                           
  ---------- ----------------- -------------------------- ---------- ------------- -------------- -------------------------

#  {#section-11 .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

# APPENDIX B {#appendix-b .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

#  {#section-12 .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

# TECHNICAL TERMS {#technical-terms .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

**A**

**accuracy** **-** The degree of agreement of a**-** measurement with an
accepted reference or true value. It is expressed as the difference
between two values, as a percentage of the reference or true value, or
as a ratio of the measured value and the reference or true value.

**activated water -** Water that becomes radioactive due to interaction
with high energy neutrons or other high energy particles. Groundwater
that comes into close proximity to locations at Jefferson Lab such as
the accelerator tunnel, experimental halls, and beam dump earth
shielding may become activated.

**activation -** The process of making a material radioactive by
bombardment with electrons, neutrons, or other high energy particles.

**activation products -** A material that has become radioactive through
the process of activation.

**activity -** Synonym for radioactivity.

**affirmative procurement (AP) -** A Federal program that obligates the
Federal government to participate in the final link in the closed loop
recycling process; procurement of products made from recycled materials.

**airborne radioactivity -** Radioactive material in any chemical or
physical form that is present in ambient air, above natural background.
This radioactivity can be generated by interaction with direct
radiation.

**ALARA -** As Low As Reasonably Achievable; a phrase that describes an
approach to minimize exposure to individuals and minimize releases of
radioactive or other harmful materials to the environment to levels as
low as social, technical, economic, practical, and public policy
considerations will permit. ALARA is not a dose limit, but a process
with a goal to keep dose levels as far below applicable limits as is
practicable.

**alpha radiation** **-** The emission of alpha particles during
radioactive decay. Alpha particles are identical in makeup to the
nucleus of a helium atom and have a positive charge. Alpha radiation is
easily stopped by materials as thin as a sheet of paper and has a range
in air of only an inch or so. Despite its low penetration ability, alpha
radiation is densely ionizing and therefore very damaging when ingested
or inhaled. Naturally occurring radioactive elements such as radon emit
alpha radiation.

**ambient air -** The surrounding atmosphere, usually the outside air,
as it exists around people, animals, plants, and structures. It does not
include the air immediately adjacent to emission sources.

**analyte** **-** A constituent that is being analyzed.

**aquifer** **-** A water saturated layer of rock or soil below the
ground surface that can supply usable quantities of groundwater to wells
and springs. Aquifers can be a source of water for domestic,
agricultural, and industrial uses.

**asbestos -** A mineral fiber that can pollute air or water and cause
cancer or asbestosis when inhaled. EPA has banned or restricted its use
in manufacturing and construction.

**B**

**background** **-** A sample or location used as reference or control
to compare Jefferson Lab analytical results to those in areas that could
not have been impacted by Lab operations.

**background radiation** **-** Radiation present in the environment as a
result of naturally occurring radioactive materials, cosmic radiation,
or human-made radiation sources, including fallout.

**becquerel (Bq)** **-** A quantitative measure of radioactivity. This
is an alternate measure of activity used internationally and with
increasing frequency in the United States. One Bq of activity is equal
to one nuclear decay per second.

**beta radiation** **-** Beta radiation is composed of charged particles
emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay, with a mass equal to
1/1837 that of a proton. A negatively charged beta particle is identical
to an electron. A positively charged beta particle is called a positron.
Beta radiation is slightly more penetrating than alpha, but may be
stopped by materials such as aluminum or Lucite panels. Naturally
occurring radioactive elements such as potassium-40 emit beta radiation.

**blank -** A sample (usually reagent grade water) in the same type of
container used for quality control of field sampling methods, to
demonstrate that cross contamination has not occurred.

**C**

**chain-of-custody -** A method for documenting the history and
possession of a sample from the time of collection, through analysis and
data reporting, to its final disposition.

**chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) --** An inert, nontoxic, and easily liquefied
chemical used in air conditioning, refrigeration, solvents, packaging,
and aerosol propellants that is being phased out because of the damage
it causes to the air's upper ozone level.

**Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)** **-** A codification of all
regulations developed and finalized by Federal agencies in the Federal
Register.

**composite sample** **-** A sample of an environmental medium that
contains a certain number of sample portions collected over a period of
time. The samples may be collected from the same location or different
locations. They may or may not be collected at equal time intervals over
a predefined period of time, *e.g.*, 24 hours.

**contamination** **-** Unwanted radioactive and/or hazardous material
that is dispersed on or in equipment, structures, objects, air, soil, or
water.

**control** **-** See background.

**cooling water** **-** Water that is used to cool machinery and
equipment. Contact cooling water is any wastewater that contacts
machinery or equipment to remove heat from the metal. Non-contact
cooling water is water used for cooling purposes but has no direct
contact with any process material or final product. Process wastewater
cooling water is water used for cooling purposes that may have become
contaminated through contact with the process raw materials or final
products.

**curie (Ci)** **-** A quantitative measure of radioactivity. One Ci of
activity is equal to 3.7 x 10^10^ decays per second. (1 picoCi = 0.037
Bq).

**D**

**Department of Energy (DOE)** **-** The federal agency that sponsors
energy research and regulates nuclear materials used for weapons
production. DOE has responsibility for the national laboratories and
facilities and the science and research conducted at these institutions,
including Jefferson Lab.

**direct radiation -** Radiation resulting from the interaction of the
accelerator beam with matter is called direct (or prompt) radiation.
This direct radiation is produced within the beam enclosure and stops
being generated as soon as the accelerator is turned off.

**disposal** **-** Final placement or destruction of waste.

**dose -** The amount of energy imparted to matter, measured in units of
rad or millirad (mrad); 1 rad = 1000 mrad.

**dosimeter** **-** A portable detection device for measuring the total
accumulated exposure to ionizing radiation.

**downgradient** **-** In the direction of groundwater flow from a
designated area; analogous to \"downstream.\"

**E**

**effective dose equivalent** **-** A value used to express the health
risk from radiation exposure to a tissue or tissues in terms of an
equivalent whole body exposure. It is a normalized value that allows the
risk from radiation exposure received by a specific organ or part of the
body to be compared with the risk due to whole body exposure. It is
equal to the sum of the dose to different organs of the body multiplied
by their respective weighting factors. It includes the sum of the
effective dose equivalent due to radiation from sources external to the
body and the committed effective dose equivalent due to the internal
deposition of radionuclides. EDE is expressed in units of rem or
sieverts.

**effluent** **-** Any liquid discharged to the environment including
stormwater runoff at a site or facility.

**emission** **-** Any gaseous or particulate matter discharged to the
atmosphere.

**Energy Star** ^®^ - a government-backed program that requires
appliance energy efficiencies to be shown to guide purchasing decisions
towards the more efficient product.

**environment** **-** Surroundings in which an organization operates
(including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, and
humans) and their interrelation.

**environmental aspect** **-** Elements of an organization\'s
activities, products, or services that can interact with the
environment.

**environmental assessment (EA)** **-** A report that identifies
potentially significant environmental impacts from any federally
approved or funded project that may change the physical environment. If
an EA identifies a \"significant\" impact (as defined by NEPA) an
Environmental Impact Statement is required.

**environmental impact** **-** Any change to the environment, whether
adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization\'s activities, products, or services.

**environmental monitoring or surveillance** **-** Sampling for
contaminants in air, water, sediments, soils, food stuffs, plants, and
animals, either by directly measuring or by collecting and analyzing
samples.

**Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) -** The Federal agency
responsible for developing and enforcing environmental laws. Although
state regulatory agencies may be authorized to administer environmental
regulatory programs, EPA generally retains oversight authority.

**environmentally harmful material (EHM) -** Any material that, if
released into the environment in sufficient quantity, can have a
negative impact on the environment or public health.

**environmentally preferable purchasing -** The act of purchasing
products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human
health and the environment when compared with competing products or
services that serve the same purpose. The comparison may consider raw
materials acquisition, production, manufacturing, packaging,
distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance, or disposal. (EO 13101,
Section 201)

**exposure -** A measure of the amount of ionization produced by x-rays
or gamma rays as they travel through air. The unit of radiation exposure
is the roentgen (R).

**extremely hazardous substance** - Any of the chemicals identified by
EPA based on toxicity, and listed under SARA Title III. The list of
nearly 300 chemicals is periodically revised and published in the
Federal Register.

**G**

**grab sample** **-** A single sample collected at one time and place.

**groundwater -** Water found beneath the surface of the ground (surface
water). Groundwater usually refers to a zone of complete water
saturation containing no air.

**H**

**half-life (t~1/2~) -** The time required for one half of the atoms of
any given amount of radioactive substance to disintegrate; the time
required for the activity of a radioactive sample to be reduced by one
half.

**hazardous substance -** A material that poses a threat to human health
and/or the environment. Any substance designated by EPA to be reported
if a designated quantity of the substance is spilled in the waters of
the United States, or if it is otherwise emitted into the environment.

**hazardous waste -** Toxic, corrosive, reactive, or ignitable materials
that can negatively affect human health or damage the environment. It
can be liquid, solid, or sludge, and include heavy metals, organic
solvents, reactive compounds, and corrosive materials. It is defined and
regulated by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Subtitle
C.

**hydrogeology -** the branch of geology that deals with the occurrence
and distribution of groundwater. Effects on groundwater are also
evaluated.

**I**

**ionizing radiation -** Any radiation capable of displacing electrons
from atoms or molecules, thereby producing ions. Some examples are
alpha, beta, gamma, x-rays, and neutrons. High doses of ionizing
radiation may produce severe skin or tissue damage.

**L**

**large quantity generator (LQG) -** A facility generating more than
1,000 kg of hazardous waste per month.

**lithologic -** The gross physical character of a rock or rock
formation; the description of a rock, especially sedimentary rock.

**low-level radioactive waste (LLW) -** Wastes containing radioactive
material that is neither high level or transuranic. According to 10 CFR
Part 61, this category includes, but is not limited to, slightly
radioactive solidified liquids, resins, filters, and lab trash.

**M**

**material safety data sheet (MSDS) -** Information required under the
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard on the identity of hazardous
chemicals, health and physical hazards, exposure limits, and
precautions.

**maximally exposed individual -** The hypothetical individual whose
location and habits tend to maximize his/her radiation dose, resulting
in a dose higher than that received by other individuals in the general
population.

**mean sea level (MSL) -** The average height of the sea for all stages
of the tide. Used as a benchmark for establishing groundwater and other
elevations.

**mho** -- A unit of conductance equal to the reciprocal of the ohm.

**mixed waste -** Waste that contains both a hazardous waste component
regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and a radioactive component.

**monitoring -** The collection and analysis of samples or measurements
of effluents and emissions for the purpose of characterizing and
qualifying contaminants, and demonstrating compliance with applicable
standards.

**monitoring well -** A well where groundwater collects and is used to:
evaluate water quality; establish groundwater flow and elevation;
determine the effectiveness of treatment systems; and, determine whether
administrative or engineering controls designed to protect groundwater
are working as intended.

**N**

**nuclide -** A species of atom characterized by the number of protons
and neutrons in the nucleus.

**neutron radiation -** Radiation consisting of energetic neutrons. At
Jefferson Lab, neutron radiation can give rise to very low levels of
radiation exposure at the site boundary.

**O**

**on-site -** The area within the boundaries of a site that is
controlled with respect to access by the general public.

**outfall -** The place where any water is discharged.

**ozone (O~3~) -** A very reactive form of oxygen formed naturally in
the upper atmosphere and providing a shield for the earth from the
sun\'s ultraviolet rays. At ground level or in the lower atmosphere, it
is pollution that forms when oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons react
with oxygen in the presence of strong sunlight. Ozone at ground level
can lead to health effects and cause damage to trees and crops.

**P**

**permit -** An authorization issued by a Federal, State or local
regulatory agency. Permits are issued under a number of environmental
regulatory programs, including RCRA, CAA, CWA, and TSCA. They grant
permission to operate, to discharge, to construct, etc. Permit
provisions may include emission/effluent limits and other requirements
such as the use of pollution control devices, monitoring, record keeping
and reporting. Also called a \"license\" or \"certificate\" under some
regulatory programs.

**pH -** A measure of hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous solution.
Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7, neutral solutions have a pH of
7, and basic solutions have a pH greater than 7 and up\
to 14.

**point source -** Any confined and discrete conveyance (*e.g.*, pipe,
channel, well, or stack) of a discharge.

**pollutant -** Any hazardous or radioactive material naturally
occurring or added to an environmental medium such as air, soil, water,
or vegetation.

**pollution prevention (P2) -** Preventing or reducing the generation of
pollutants, contaminants, hazardous substances or wastes at the source,
or reducing the amount for treatment, storage, and disposal through
recycling. P2 can be achieved through reduction of waste at the source,
segregation, recycle/reuse, and the efficient use of resources and
material substitution. The potential benefits of P2 include the
reduction of adverse environmental impacts, improved efficiency, and
reduced costs.

**polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) -** A family of organic compounds
used from 1926 to 1979 (when they were banned by EPA) in electrical
transformers, lubricants, carbonless copy paper, adhesives, and caulking
compounds. PCBs are extremely persistent in the environment because they
do not break down into different and less harmful chemicals. PCBs are
stored in the fatty tissues of humans and animals through the
bioaccumulation process.

**precision -** The dispersion around a central value, usually
represented as a variance, standard deviation, standard error, or
confidence interval.

**Q**

**quality assurance (QA) -** In environmental monitoring, any action to
ensure the reliability of monitoring and measurement data. Aspects of QA
include procedures, interlaboratory comparison studies, evaluations, and
documentation.

**quality control (QC) -** In environmental monitoring, the routine
application of procedures to obtain the required standards of
performance in monitoring and measurement processes. QC procedures
include calibration of instruments, control charts, and analysis of
replicate and duplicate samples.

**R**

> **radiation boundary monitor -** Devices placed strategically around
> the perimeter of the accelerator site that monitor dose information.

**radioactivity -** A natural and spontaneous process by which the
unstable atoms of an element emit or radiate excess energy from their
nuclei and, thus, change (or decay) to atoms of a different element or
to a lower energy state of the same element.

**radionuclide -** A radioactive element characterized by the number of
protons and neutrons in the nucleus. There are several hundred known
radionuclides, both artificially produced and naturally occurring.

**regulated medical wastes -** Includes human body tissues or body
fluids, and nonreusable medical utensils that held or came in contact
with body tissues or fluids. To prevent the passing of contagious
diseases, the handling and disposal of these wastes are covered under
the Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988.

**release -** Spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting,
discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing of a
hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant into the environment. The
National Contingency Plan also defines the term to include a threat of
release.

**rem -** Stands for \"roentgen equivalent man,\" a unit by which human
radiation dose is assessed. This is a risk-based value used to estimate
the potential health effects to an exposed individual or population.

**reportable quantity (RQ) -** The quantity of a hazardous substance
that triggers reports under CERCLA. If a substance is released in
amounts exceeding its RQ, the release must be reported to the National
Response Center, the State response center, and community emergency
coordinators for areas likely to be affected.

**runoff -** The movement of water over land. Runoff can carry
pollutants from the land into surface waters or uncontaminated land.

**S**

**sampling -** The extraction of a prescribed portion of an effluent
stream or environmental medium for purposes of inspection or analysis.

**sediment -** The layer of soil and minerals at the bottom of surface
waters, such as streams, lakes, and rivers.

**sensitivity -** The minimum amount of an analyte that can be
repeatedly detected by an instrument.

**sievert (Sv) -** A unit for assessing the risk of human radiation
dose, used internationally and with increasing frequency in the United
States. One sievert is equal to 100 rem.

**skyshine -** Radiation emitted over a shielded enclosure and reflected
by air so as to radiate people on the outside.

**small quantity generator (SQG) -** A facility generating between 100
and 1,000 kg of hazardous waste, or less than 1 kg of acutely hazardous
waste, per month. Requirements are less stringent than for an LQG.

**spallation -** The process by which a high energy particle striking a
nucleus causes fragments to be ejected from the nucleus. The resulting
atom is usually radioactive.

**sump -** A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or
disposal.

**T**

**threshold planning quantity (TPQ) -** A quantity designated for each
chemical on the list of EHSs that triggers notification by facilities to
the state emergency response commission that such facilities are subject
to EPCRA.

**total dissolved solids (TDS) -** A measure of the total amount of
minerals, organic matter, and nutrients that are dissolved (not merely
suspended) in water.

**total suspended solids (TSS) -** A measure of the suspended solids in
wastewater, effluent, or water bodies, determined by using tests for
total suspended nonfilterable solids.

**tritium -** The heaviest and only radioactive nuclide of hydrogen,
with a half-life of 12.3 years and a very low energy radioactive decay
(beta emitter).

**U**

**upgradient/upslope -** A location of higher groundwater elevation;
analogous to \"upstream.\"

**V**

**Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) -** A program
under which permits are issued by the state to regulate water
discharges. The permit specifies the maximum discharge limits for the
parameters present in the particular discharge.

**W**

**waste minimization (WMin) -** An action that avoids or reduces the
generation of waste by source reduction, reduces the toxicity of
hazardous waste, improves energy usage, or recycling. This action is
consistent with the general goal of minimizing present and future
threats to human health, safety, and the environment. Associated with
P2, but more likely to occur after the waste has already been generated.

**water table -** The water-level surface below the ground at which the
unsaturated zone ends and the saturated zone begins. It is the level to
which a well that is screened in the unconfined aquifer would fill with
water.

**watershed -** The region draining into a river, a river system, or a
body of water.

#  {#section-13 .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

# APPENDIX C {#appendix-c .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

#  {#section-14 .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

# APPLICABLE SITE STANDARDS {#applicable-site-standards .Appendix-Header .unnumbered}

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc47492230 .anchor}APPLICABLE SITE STANDARDS

**[Standards in the Work Smart Standards (WSS) Set]{.underline}**

The DOE uses the WSS Process to identify EP (environmental protection),
health and safety hazards, and the standards describing mitigation
measures. Through this process, the particular hazards associated with
the Lab were identified, along with the corresponding laws, regulations,
and other standards necessary and sufficient to protect the worker, the
public, and the environment against the identified hazards. This summary
of applicable environment, health, and safety requirements for Jefferson
Lab is the WSS Set. The WSS Set was amended again in August 2002.

The applicable EP and public health-related standards, including the
site operating permits, are listed in Exhibits C1, C2, and C3. Various
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)-related standards are included
in the WSS Set, but since these contain minimal EP controls, compliance
with OSHA was not singled out in this report. Compliance with each of
the listed standards, by category, is presented in the parts of Section
2 referenced in the exhibits.

**[Administrative Laws and Regulations (AL&R) List]{.underline}**

The AL&R List was developed along with the WSS Set and identifies EH&S
implementation standards and requirements that are of an administrative
nature and not directly related to hazards. The EP and public
health-related AL&R documents include some U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT) hazardous material regulations and a section of the
U.S. Code dealing with generators of hazardous waste. AL&R items are not
specifically listed below but refer to the appropriate topical
discussions in the SER.

Together, the WSS Set and the AL&R List contain almost all of Jefferson
Lab's EH&S requirements.

**[Other Contractual Commitments]{.underline}**

These EH&S commitments, such as radioactive waste management
requirements and the obligation to maintain the EH&S Manual, are
identified specifically in the DOE/SURA contract. These items are not
listed here but are referenced in the SER if appropriate.

+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| []{ |               |                |                              |
| #__ |               |                |                              |
| Ref |               |                |                              |
| Hea |               |                |                              |
| din |               |                |                              |
| g__ |               |                |                              |
| _To |               |                |                              |
| c47 |               |                |                              |
| 490 |               |                |                              |
| 803 |               |                |                              |
| .an |               |                |                              |
| cho |               |                |                              |
| r}E |               |                |                              |
| xhi |               |                |                              |
| bit |               |                |                              |
| C1\ |               |                |                              |
| F   |               |                |                              |
| ede |               |                |                              |
| ral |               |                |                              |
| L   |               |                |                              |
| aws |               |                |                              |
| and |               |                |                              |
| Re  |               |                |                              |
| gul |               |                |                              |
| ati |               |                |                              |
| ons |               |                |                              |
| In  |               |                |                              |
| clu |               |                |                              |
| ded |               |                |                              |
| in  |               |                |                              |
| the |               |                |                              |
| WSS |               |                |                              |
| Set |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **[ |               | **[Citations]  | **[Titles]{.underline}**     |
| SER |               | {.underline}** |                              |
| R   |               |                |                              |
| efe |               |                |                              |
| ren |               |                |                              |
| ces |               |                |                              |
| ]{. |               |                |                              |
| und |               |                |                              |
| erl |               |                |                              |
| ine |               |                |                              |
| }** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **L |               |                |                              |
| AWS |               |                |                              |
| (by |               |                |                              |
| s   |               |                |                              |
| ubj |               |                |                              |
| ect |               |                |                              |
| )** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 | Asbestos      | 15 U.S.C. §    | Asbestos Hazard Emergency    |
| .2. |               | 2641 et seq.   | Response Act of 1986         |
| 7** |               |                | (training)                   |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| *   | Water         | 33 U.S.C. §    | Federal Water Pollution      |
| *2. |               | 1251 et seq.   | Control Act (Clean Water     |
| 5** |               |                | Act)                         |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 | Radiation     | 42 U.S.C. §    | Price-Anderson Amendments    |
| .3. |               | 2282a          | Act of 1988 (referenced in   |
| 1** |               |                | 10 CFR 835)                  |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| *   | Public Health | 42 U.S.C. §    | Safe Drinking Water Act, as  |
| *2. |               | 300f et seq.   | amended                      |
| 6** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| *   | Air           | 42 U.S.C. §    | Clean Air Act and Amendments |
| *2. |               | 7401 et seq.   |                              |
| 4** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| E   |               |                |                              |
| xhi |               |                |                              |
| bit |               |                |                              |
| C1  |               |                |                              |
| (co |               |                |                              |
| nti |               |                |                              |
| nue |               |                |                              |
| d)\ |               |                |                              |
| F   |               |                |                              |
| ede |               |                |                              |
| ral |               |                |                              |
| L   |               |                |                              |
| aws |               |                |                              |
| and |               |                |                              |
| Re  |               |                |                              |
| gul |               |                |                              |
| ati |               |                |                              |
| ons |               |                |                              |
| In  |               |                |                              |
| clu |               |                |                              |
| ded |               |                |                              |
| in  |               |                |                              |
| the |               |                |                              |
| WSS |               |                |                              |
| Set |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **[ |               | **[Citations]  | **[Titles]{.underline}**     |
| SER |               | {.underline}** |                              |
| R   |               |                |                              |
| efe |               |                |                              |
| ren |               |                |                              |
| ces |               |                |                              |
| ]{. |               |                |                              |
| und |               |                |                              |
| erl |               |                |                              |
| ine |               |                |                              |
| }** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| ##  |               |                |                              |
| LAW |               |                |                              |
| S { |               |                |                              |
| #la |               |                |                              |
| ws  |               |                |                              |
| .un |               |                |                              |
| num |               |                |                              |
| ber |               |                |                              |
| ed} |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 | Emergency     | 42 U.S.C. §    | CERCLA                       |
| .8. | Response      | 9601 et seq.   |                              |
| 5** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 | Emergency     | 42 U.S.C. §    | SARA Title III EPCRA         |
| .8. | Planning      | 11001-11050    |                              |
| 5** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 | Pollution     | 42 U.S.C. §    | Pollution Prevention Act of  |
| .8. | Prevention    | 13101 et seq.  | 1990                         |
| 5** | and Waste     |                |                              |
|     | Minimization  |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| ##  |               | #              |                              |
|  RE |               | #  {#section-1 |                              |
| GUL |               | 5 .unnumbered} |                              |
| ATI |               |                |                              |
| ONS |               |                |                              |
|  {# |               |                |                              |
| reg |               |                |                              |
| ula |               |                |                              |
| tio |               |                |                              |
| ns  |               |                |                              |
| .un |               |                |                              |
| num |               |                |                              |
| ber |               |                |                              |
| ed} |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               | **Title 10 -   | Part 71, Radiation           |
| .3. |               | Energy**       | Protection                   |
| 1** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               | #              | Parts 834 & 835              |
| .3. |               | #  {#section-1 |                              |
| 1** |               | 6 .unnumbered} |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
|     |               | **Title 29 -   |                              |
|     |               | OSHA**         |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               |                | Part 1910.1001, Asbestos     |
| .2. |               |                |                              |
| 7** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
|     |               | **Title 40 -   |                              |
|     |               | Protection of  |                              |
|     |               | Environment**  |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
|     |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| *   |               | Subchapter C   | Various Air Programs         |
| *2. |               |                |                              |
| 4** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| *   |               | Subchapter D   | Various Water Programs       |
| *2. |               |                |                              |
| 5** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| *   |               | Subchapter I   | Various Waste Programs       |
| *2. |               |                | including RCRA               |
| 2** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| *   |               | Subchapter J   | Various Superfund, EPCRA     |
| *2. |               |                | Programs                     |
| 2** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               | Subchapter N   | Part 403                     |
| .5. |               |                |                              |
| 2** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               | Subchapter R   | Part 763                     |
| .2. |               |                |                              |
| 7** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
|     |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
|     |               | **Title 49 -   |                              |
|     |               | Tr             |                              |
|     |               | ansportation** |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               | Subchapter C   | Various Hazardous Materials  |
| .7. |               |                | Regulations                  |
| 5** |               |                |                              |
| Tr  |               |                |                              |
| ans |               |                |                              |
| por |               |                |                              |
| tat |               |                |                              |
| ion |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **  |               |                |                              |
| DOE |               |                |                              |
| G   |               |                |                              |
| UID |               |                |                              |
| ANC |               |                |                              |
| E** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               | O 5400.5       | Radiation Protection of the  |
| .9. |               |                | Environment,\                |
| 3** |               |                | Chapter II and IV            |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **  |               |                |                              |
| EXE |               |                |                              |
| CUT |               |                |                              |
| IVE |               |                |                              |
| ORD |               |                |                              |
| ERS |               |                |                              |
| (   |               |                |                              |
| EOs |               |                |                              |
| )** |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               | 13101          | *Greening the Government     |
| .8. |               |                | Through Waste Prevention,    |
| 3** |               |                | Recycling, and Federal       |
|     |               |                | Acquisition*                 |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               | 13123\*        | *Greening the Government     |
| .8. |               |                | Through Efficient Energy     |
| 4** |               |                | Management*                  |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| **2 |               | 13148          | *Greening the Government     |
| .8. |               |                | Through Leadership in        |
| 5** |               |                | Environmental Management*    |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+
| Not |               |                |                              |
| es: |               |                |                              |
| See |               |                |                              |
| r   |               |                |                              |
| efe |               |                |                              |
| ren |               |                |                              |
| ced |               |                |                              |
| se  |               |                |                              |
| cti |               |                |                              |
| ons |               |                |                              |
| for |               |                |                              |
| f   |               |                |                              |
| ull |               |                |                              |
| tit |               |                |                              |
| les |               |                |                              |
| of  |               |                |                              |
| no  |               |                |                              |
| ted |               |                |                              |
| l   |               |                |                              |
| aws |               |                |                              |
| or  |               |                |                              |
| pe  |               |                |                              |
| rmi |               |                |                              |
| ts. |               |                |                              |
|     |               |                |                              |
| \*  |               |                |                              |
| In  |               |                |                              |
| the |               |                |                              |
| A   |               |                |                              |
| L&R |               |                |                              |
| L   |               |                |                              |
| ist |               |                |                              |
+-----+---------------+----------------+------------------------------+

+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| []      |               |             |          |       |         |
| {#__Ref |               |             |          |       |         |
| Heading |               |             |          |       |         |
| ___Toc4 |               |             |          |       |         |
| 7490805 |               |             |          |       |         |
| .       |               |             |          |       |         |
| anchor} |               |             |          |       |         |
| Exhibit |               |             |          |       |         |
| C2\     |               |             |          |       |         |
| P       |               |             |          |       |         |
| ermits, |               |             |          |       |         |
| State   |               |             |          |       |         |
| Laws,   |               |             |          |       |         |
| and     |               |             |          |       |         |
| Regu    |               |             |          |       |         |
| lations |               |             |          |       |         |
| I       |               |             |          |       |         |
| ncluded |               |             |          |       |         |
| in the  |               |             |          |       |         |
| WSS Set |               |             |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **[SER  | *             | **[S        |          |       |         |
| Refe    | *[Citations]{ | tandard]{.u |          |       |         |
| rences] | .underline}** | nderline}** |          |       |         |
| {.under |               |             |          |       |         |
| line}** |               |             |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| *       |               |             |          |       |         |
| *LAWS** |               |             |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **      | Title 10.1 -  |             | Chapter  |       |         |
| 2.2.1** | Conservation  |             | 14,      |       |         |
|         |               |             | Virginia |       |         |
|         |               |             | Waste    |       |         |
|         |               |             | Ma       |       |         |
|         |               |             | nagement |       |         |
|         |               |             | Act      |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **2.5** | Title 62.1 -  |             | Chapter  |       |         |
|         | Waters of the |             | 3.1,     |       |         |
|         | State, Ports  |             | State    |       |         |
|         | & Harbors     |             | Water    |       |         |
|         |               |             | Control  |       |         |
|         |               |             | Law      |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **PE    |               |             |          | **Iss | **Effe  |
| RMITS** |               |             |          | ued** | ctive** |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **2.    | DEQ No.       | VPDES       |          | 7/    | Through |
| 5.1.2** | VA0089320     | Permit -    |          | 16/96 | 7/      |
|         |               | Specifies   |          |       | 16/2006 |
|         |               | allowable   |          |       |         |
|         |               | groundwater |          |       |         |
|         |               | and surface |          |       |         |
|         |               | water       |          |       |         |
|         |               | quality     |          |       |         |
|         |               | on-site     |          |       |         |
|         |               | during      |          |       |         |
|         |               | accelerator |          |       |         |
|         |               | operations. |          |       |         |
|         |               | Assures     |          |       |         |
|         |               | groundwater |          |       |         |
|         |               | unaffected  |          |       |         |
|         |               | at and      |          |       |         |
|         |               | beyond site |          |       |         |
|         |               | boundary.   |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **2.    | DEQ No.       | General     |          | \[    | Through |
| 5.1.2** | VAG253002     | Permit for  |          | appli |         |
|         | (replaced by  | Cooling     |          | cable | 3       |
|         | VAG250018 in  | Water       |          | 9     | /1/2003 |
|         | 3/2003)       | D           |          | /99\] |         |
|         |               | ischarges - |          |       |         |
|         |               | Authorizes  |          |       |         |
|         |               | cooling     |          |       |         |
|         |               | water       |          |       |         |
|         |               | discharges  |          |       |         |
|         |               | within      |          |       |         |
|         |               | identified  |          |       |         |
|         |               | discharge   |          |       |         |
|         |               | l           |          |       |         |
|         |               | imitations. |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **PE    |               |             |          |       |         |
| RMITS** |               |             |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **2.    | HRSD No. 0117 | Industrial  |          | 10/87 | 3       |
| 5.2.1** |               | Wastewater  |          |       | /1/2002 |
|         |               | Discharge   |          |       |         |
|         |               | Permit -    |          |       | 3       |
|         |               | Limits      |          |       | /1/2007 |
|         |               | wastes to   |          |       |         |
|         |               | be          |          |       |         |
|         |               | discharged  |          |       |         |
|         |               | to          |          |       |         |
|         |               | sewerage.   |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **2.    | DEQ No.       | Permit to   |          | 11    | Through |
| 5.2.2** | GW0030800     | Withdraw    |          | /1/94 | 10/     |
|         |               | Gr          |          |       | 30/2004 |
|         |               | oundwater - |          |       |         |
|         |               | Authorizes  |          |       |         |
|         |               | maximum     |          |       |         |
|         |               | quantities  |          |       |         |
|         |               | of water to |          |       |         |
|         |               | be          |          |       |         |
|         |               | withdrawn   |          |       |         |
|         |               | by          |          |       |         |
|         |               | dewatering  |          |       |         |
|         |               | of area     |          |       |         |
|         |               | under       |          |       |         |
|         |               | e           |          |       |         |
|         |               | xperimental |          |       |         |
|         |               | halls.      |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **      | 4727-45-01    | South       |          | 9/14  | Through |
| 2.2.2** |               | Carolina    |          | /2001 | 12/     |
|         |               | Radioactive |          |       | 31/2003 |
|         |               | Waste       |          |       |         |
|         |               | Transport   |          |       |         |
|         |               | Permit --   |          |       |         |
|         |               | Au          |          |       |         |
|         |               | thorization |          |       |         |
|         |               | to          |          |       |         |
|         |               | transport   |          |       |         |
|         |               | LLW within  |          |       |         |
|         |               | the State   |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| *       |               |             |          |       |         |
| *REGULA |               |             |          |       |         |
| TIONS** |               |             |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **2.4** | 9 - VAC       | Chapter 5,  |          |       |         |
|         | (Environment) | Air Quality |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **2.2** | 9 - VAC       | Chapter 20, |          |       |         |
|         | (Environment) | Waste       |          |       |         |
|         |               | Regulations |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **2.5** | 9 - VAC       | Chapter 25, |          |       |         |
|         | (Environment) | Water       |          |       |         |
|         |               | Quality     |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| **      | *none*        | HRSD        |          |       |         |
| 2.5.2** |               | Industrial  |          |       |         |
|         |               | Wastewater  |          |       |         |
|         |               | Discharge   |          |       |         |
|         |               | Regulations |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+
| Note:   |               |             |          |       |         |
| See     |               |             |          |       |         |
| ref     |               |             |          |       |         |
| erenced |               |             |          |       |         |
| SER     |               |             |          |       |         |
| s       |               |             |          |       |         |
| ections |               |             |          |       |         |
| for     |               |             |          |       |         |
| full    |               |             |          |       |         |
| titles  |               |             |          |       |         |
| of      |               |             |          |       |         |
| noted   |               |             |          |       |         |
| laws or |               |             |          |       |         |
| p       |               |             |          |       |         |
| ermits. |               |             |          |       |         |
+---------+---------------+-------------+----------+-------+---------+

+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| []{#__RefHeadin |                     |                             |
| g___Toc47490806 |                     |                             |
| .anchor}Exhibit |                     |                             |
| C3\             |                     |                             |
| Other Standards |                     |                             |
| Identified in   |                     |                             |
| the WSS Set     |                     |                             |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **[Category/SER | **[Citat            | **[Standard]{.underline}**  |
| References      | ions]{.underline}** |                             |
| ]{.underline}** |                     |                             |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **REGULATIONS** |                     |                             |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **2.7.5**       | 49 CFR 177          | Hazardous Materials         |
|                 |                     | Regulations                 |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **DOE           |                     |                             |
| GUIDANCE**      |                     |                             |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **2.9.3**       | O 5400.5            | Radiation Protection of the |
|                 |                     | Environment, Sections 1a    |
|                 |                     | and 1b                      |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **Transpo       |                     |                             |
| rtation-Related |                     |                             |
| Information**   |                     |                             |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **2.8.5.1**     | Emergency Response: | CERCLA/SARA                 |
|                 | response actions in |                             |
|                 | the event of a      | VA Emergency Management     |
|                 | transportation      | Operations Plan             |
|                 | emergency that      |                             |
|                 | include reporting   |                             |
|                 | and notification    |                             |
|                 | requirements        |                             |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **2.8**         | Emergency Response: | EH&S Manual Standards:      |
|                 | response actions in | Appendix 3510-T3 and        |
|                 | the event of a      | Chapter 6732                |
|                 | transportation      |                             |
|                 | emergency           |                             |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **2.2.1**       | Hazardous Waste:    | EH&S Manual Standard:       |
|                 | on-site movement    | Chapter 6761                |
|                 | and preparation for |                             |
|                 | offsite shipment    |                             |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **EH&S MANUAL** |                     |                             |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+
| **2.2, 2.3,     | Assorted Chapters   | Manual sections include     |
| 2.4, 2.5, 2.7,  | and Appendices      | topics on: ionizing         |
| 2.8, 3.2, 5.1,  | referenced within.  | radiation protection,       |
| & 7.0**         |                     | asbestos, emergency         |
|                 |                     | planning, air and water     |
|                 |                     | quality, oil spill          |
|                 |                     | prevention, waste           |
|                 |                     | minimization, recycling and |
|                 |                     | waste management practices. |
+-----------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+