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-   **Investigator**:**\*( - )**

    -   **Name\***: Dr. Christopher Sabine

    -   **Organization**: NOAA/PMEL

    -   **Address**:

> NOAA/PMEL
>
> 7600 Sand Point Way NE
>
> Seattle Washington, 98115 USA

-   **Phone:** 206-526-4809

-   **Email:** chris.sabine@noaa.gov

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-   **Dataset_Info**:**\*( - )**

    -   Dataset_ID**\***: TAO140W_0_May04_Sep04

    -   **Submission_Dates**:**\*( - )**

        -   Initial_Submission: 20041024 (YYYYMMDD)

        -   Revised_Submission: (YYYYMMDD)

-   **Cruise_Info**:**\*( - )**

    -   **Experiment**:**( - )**

        -   Experiment_Name**\***:

        -   **Cruise**:**( - )**

            -   Cruise_ID: (EXPOCODE)

            -   Section: (Leg)

            -   **Geographical_Coverage**:**\*( - )**

                -   Geographical_Region:

                -   **Bounds**:**\*( - )** 124.37W 0.18S

                    -   Westernmost_Longitude:\
                        Enter decimal fractions of degrees: -139.86 (+ =
                        E, - = W)\
                        or Degrees, Minutes, Seconds:

                    -   Easternmost_Longitude:\
                        Enter decimal fractions of degrees:\
                        or Degrees, Minutes, Seconds:

                    -   Northernmost_Latitude:\
                        Enter decimal fractions of degrees: +0.01 (+ =
                        E, - = W)

                    -   Southernmost_Latitude:\
                        Enter decimal fractions of degrees:

            -   **Temporal_Coverage**:**( - )**

                -   Start_Date: 20040523 (YYYYMMDD)

                -   End_Date: 20040912 (YYYYMMDD)

    -   **Vessel**:**\*( - )**

        -   Vessel_Name:

        -   Vessel_ID:

        -   Country:

        -   Vessel_Owner:

Platform Identifier: Mooring

Mooring Location

Longitude: Enter decimal fractions of degrees: -139.86 (+ = E, - = W)

Latitude: Enter decimal fractions of degrees: +0.01 (+ = E, - = W)

Start_Date: 20040523 (YYYYMMDD)

End_Date: 20040912 (YYYYMMDD)

-   **Variables_Info**:**\*( - )**

    -   **Variable**:**( - )**

        -   Variable_Name**\***: (show pick list)

        -   Description_of_Variable: (E.g., in dry air)

> **\*\*General notes:**
>
> \- All measurements are at sea surface temperature and atmospheric
> pressure.
>
> \- During the equilibration cycle, a closed loop of air equilibrates
> with seawater for 10 minutes. Once the equilibration period is
> complete, the pump stops and the system opens to the atmosphere
> allowing the pressure to equilibrate with atmospheric pressure.
> Measurements are recorded for 30 seconds at 2 hertz and then averaged.
>
> \- During the air cycle, fresh air is pumped through the detector for
> 1 minute. Once the pump stops, the system opens to the atmosphere
> allowing the pressure to equilibrate with atmospheric pressure.
> Measurements are recorded for 30 seconds at 2 hertz and then averaged.
>
> \- The gas streams for both the air cycle and equilibrator cycle are
> partially dried before entering the detector. The values listed as wet
> xCO~2~ generally have relative humidity levels ranging from 40 to 80
> percent. The humidity levels increase over the course of a deployment.
>
> \- Sampling occurs every 3 hours. The infrared detector is calibrated
> at the beginning of every sampling period. Averaged data and standard
> deviations for each measurement are transmitted back daily.
>
> \- To calculate the dry measurements, the water mole fraction in the
> Licor detector must be known. A relative humidity sensor is located
> next the detector. The water vapor of the detector can be calculated
> based on the relative humidity of that sensor. In the lab, it has been
> determined that the temperature of the relative humidity sensor is
> generally 0.9°C lower than the temperature of the Licor. To make these
> calculations, it was assumed that the temperature of the relative
> humidity sensor was 0.9 less than the temperature of the Licor.
>
> \- As a final step in the QC process, each data set is compared with
> the Marine Boundary Layer data from GlobalView-CO~2~. The data from
> this deployment, May 2004 to December 2004, were consistently low by
> \~ 4.8 umol/molumol/mol umol/mo. ...d. This offset was added to both
> the xCO~2~ SW (wet) xCO~2~\_SW (wet) and the xCO~2~ \_Air (wet)
> measurements.
>
> GLOBALVIEW-CO ~2~: Cooperative Atmospheric Data Integration Project -
> Carbon Dioxide. CD-ROM, NOAA CMDL, Boulder, Colorado \[Also available
> on Internet via anonymous FTP to ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov, Path:
> ccg/co2/GLOBALVIEW\], 2005
>
> **Measured Information: (Variable Name/Description)**
>
> xCO~2~ SW (wet) (umol/mol) - Mole fraction of CO~2~ in air in
> equilibrium with the seawater at sea surface temperature and measured
> humidity.
>
> QF -- Quality Flag for xCO~2~ SW (wet).
>
> H~2~O (mmol/mol) - Mole fraction of H~2~O in air from equilibrator.
>
> xCO~2~ Air (wet) (umol/mol) - Mole fraction of CO~2~ in air from
> airblock, 4 feet above the sea surface at measured humidity.
>
> QF -- Quality Flag for xCO~2~ Air (wet) .
>
> H~2~O (mmol/mol) - Mole fraction of H~2~O in air from airblock, 4 feet
> above the sea surface.
>
> Pressure of Licor (hPa) and Atm -- Atmospheric pressure at the
> airblock, 4 feet above the sea surface.
>
> Licor Temp (C) -- Temperature of the Infrared Licor 820 in degrees
> Celsius.
>
> \% Saturation of O~2~ - The percent oxygen of the surface seawater
> divided by the percent oxygen of the atmosphere 4 feet above the sea
> surface.
>
> SST (C) - Sea Surface Temperature collected by NOAA/PMEL/TAO. Next
> Generation ATLAS sites provide internally recorded SST data at 10
> minute resolution. The sea surface temperature collected during the
> equilibration period is reported in this dataset. The data presented
> here are not necessarily from the TAO finalized data set. The TAO
> Project Office advises to check the TAO site at the time of use for
> the most accurate data available.
>
> Salinity - Sea Surface Salinity collected by NOAA/PMEL/TAO. TAO
> records conductivity data at 10 minute intervals and then computes
> hourly averaged salinity during post-processing. The salinity reported
> during the equilibration period is reported in this dataset. The data
> presented here are not necessarily from the TAO finalized data set.
> The TAO Project Office advises to check the TAO site at the time of
> use for the most accurate data available.
>
> **Derived Parameters:**
>
> xCO~2~ SW (dry) (umol/mol) -- Mole fraction of CO~2~ in air in
> equilibrium with the seawater at sea surface temperature (dry air).
>
> xCO~2~ Air (dry) (umol/mol) -- Mole fraction of CO~2~ in air from
> airblock, 4 feet above the sea surface (dry air).
>
> fCO~2~ SW (sat) uatm -- Fugacity of CO~2~ in air in equilibrium with
> the seawater at sea surface temperature (100% humidity). Since the
> measurements are taken at the sea surface, warming calculations are
> not necessary.
>
> fCO~2~ Air (sat) uatm -- Fugacity of CO~2~ in air airblock, 4 feet
> above the sea surface (100% humidity).
>
> dfCO~2~ -- Difference of the fugacity of the CO~2~ in seawater and the
> fugacity of the CO~2~ in air (fCO~2~ SW - fCO~2~ Air).

-   **Method_Description**:**\*( - )**

    -   **Equilibrator_Design**:**( - )**

        -   Equilibrator_Type: (show pick list) Bubble Equilibrator

        -   Equilibrator_Volume: (L) N/A

        -   Water_Flow_Rate: (L/min) N/A

        -   Headspace_Gas_Flow_Rate: (L/min) \~600 cc/min

        -   Vented: (show pick list) Yes

    -   Measurement_Method: Absolute, non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas
        analyzer

    -   Manufacturer_of_Calibration_Gas: NOAA CMDL (now Earth System
        Research

> Laboratory (ESRL)

-   **CO~2~\_Sensors**:**( - )**

    -   **CO~2~\_Sensor**:**( - )**

        -   Manufacturer: Licor

        -   Model: Environmental_Control: LI-820

        -   Resolution: 0.01 ppm

        -   Uncertainty: \< 2.5% of reading with 14 cm bench (stated)

> \<1.5 ppm determined in lab

-   CO~2~\_Sensor_Calibration: (For each calibration gas, document
    traceability to an internationally recognized scale, including date
    and place of last calibration. Include uncertainty of assigned
    value.)

> At the beginning of each sample, the instrument self-calibrates using
> a zero and high standard. The zero standard is generated by cycling a
> small amount of air through a soda lime chamber. The high standard is
> from a cylinder of calibrated standard reference gas from CMDL. CMDL
> standards are traceable to WMO x93 scale with a stated reproducibility
> of 0.06 micromole/mole. The standard used for this deployment was
> calibrated in August 2003. The high standard cylinder is still in use,
> so no post deployment calibration has been performed yet.

-   **Other_Sensors**:**( - )** Oxygen Sensor

    -   Manufacturer: Maxtec

    -   Model: Max-250

    -   Resolution: 0.01 %

    -   Uncert-ainty: ± 2.0% Full Scale over operating temperature range

> ± 1.0% Full Scale @ constant temperature and pressure

-   Calibration: (For each sensor of pressure, temperature, and
    salinity, document traceability to an internationally recognized
    scale, including date and place of last calibration.)

> Calibrated immediately before the deployment, May 23, 2004.

-   **Other_Sensors**:**( - )** Humidity Sensor

    -   Manufacturer: Sensirion

    -   Model: SHT71

    -   Resolution: 0.01 %

    -   Uncertainty: Measurement range: 0-100% RH

> Absolute. RH accuracy: +/- 3% RH (20-80% RH)
>
> Repeatability RH: +/- 0.1% RH

-   Calibration: (For each sensor of pressure, temperature, and
    salinity, document traceability to an internationally recognized
    scale, including date and place of last calibration.)

> Factory calibrated before purchase in June 2003.

-   Method_References: (Publication(s) describing method)

> Sabine, C. (2005): High-resolution ocean and atmosphere pCO~2~
> time-series measurements. The State of the Ocean and the Ocean
> Observing System for Climate, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2004,
> NOAA/OGP/Office of Climate Observation, Section 3.32a, 246--253.

-   Data_set_References: (Publication(s) describing data set) None

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-   Citation: (How to cite this data set)

-   **Data_Set_Link**:**( - )**

    -   URL**\***:**(m s t)**![](media/image1.wmf)

    -   Label**\***:**(m s t)**![](media/image2.wmf)

    -   Link_Note: (Optional instructions or remarks)**(m s t)**

Quality Flags definitions:

2 = Acceptable measurement;

3 = Questionable measurement;

4 = Bad measurement

5 = Not reported;

**Quality Flag Log for this dataset.**

Date Measurement Value in Dry Air Flag Comments

5/26/2004 0:19 xCO2_SW 490.7 4 Cal error - 17 ppm low (Change in Zero
Coefficient)

5/26/2004 0:19 xCO2_Air 394.7 4 Cal error - 17 ppm low (Change in Zero
Coefficient)

6/21/2004 6:19 xCO2_SW 464.6 3 Potential Problem with the equilibrator

6/21/2004 9:19 xCO2_SW 471.4 3 Potential Problem with the equilibrator

6/21/2004 12:19 xCO2_SW 478.7 3 Potential Problem with the equilibrator

6/21/2004 15:19 xCO2_SW 465.2 3 Potential Problem with the equilibrator

6/21/2004 18:19 xCO2_SW -999 5 Problem with the equilibrator

6/21/2004 21:19 xCO2_SW -999 5 Problem with the equilibrator

6/22/2004 0:19 xCO2_SW 421.6 4 Problem with the equilibrator

7/21/2004 15:19 xCO2_SW 470.7 3 Cal error - Data still seems reasonable

7/21/2004 15:19 xCO2_Air 379.7 3 Cal error - Data still seems reasonable

8/22/2004 3:19 xCO2_SW -999 5 Not reported - missing data

8/22/2004 3:19 xCO2_Air -999 5 Not reported - missing data

8/30/2004 0:19 xCO2_SW 444.8 3 Potential Problem with the equilibrator

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