**Library and Information Services Division**

**Current References 2004-1**

**Pioneers in Modern Meteorology and Climatology :**

**Vilhelm and Jacob Bjerknes**

**A Selected Bibliography**

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="3.7916666666666665in"
height="3.113888888888889in"}

*Vilhelm Bjerknes: Oljemaleri malt av Rolf Groven, 1983, eies av
Geofysisk institutt*

Prepared by

Anna Fiolek

NOAA Central Library

1315 East-West Highway

Silver Spring, MD 20910

U. S. Department of Commerce

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="0.875in" height="0.875in"}National
Oceanographic Data Center

NOAA Central Library

January 2004

Rev. July 23, 2004

**Preface**

This bibliography has been compiled for the presentation on Vilhelm and
Jacob Bjerknes' works in the NOAA Central Library Network's collections
given by Doria Grimes at the 2004 Annual AMS/ASLI Conference on January
16, 2004, in Seattle, Washington.

The bibliography contains printed publications and online Internet
resources by and on Bjerknes. The entries are arranged alphabetically by
title. This publication is available online for downloading in Microsoft
Word, HTML and in PDF formats at:

<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/Bjerknes_July_2004.pdf>

<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/Bjerknes_July_2004.doc>

<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/Bjerknes_July_2004.htm>

> Anna Fiolek, M.A., M.L.S.
>
> NOAA Central Library
>
> Silver Spring, MD
>
> January 5, 2004
>
> Rev. July 23, 2004
>
> **Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951)**

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="1.875in" height="2.25in"}

> Photo courtesy of European Geophysical Society at:
>
> <http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/egs/bjerknes.htm>

A Norwegian scientist who was one of the founders of modern meteorology
and scientific weather forecasting, he was born in Oslo, Norway. His
father, Carl Anton Bjerknes, was professor of mathematics at Christiania
(now Oslo) University, and Vilhelm helped him with some of his
experiments in hydrodynamics before leaving to spend 1890 and 1891 in
Germany working as an assistant to and collaborator with the physicist
Heinrich Hertz. He then spent two years as a lecturer at the School of
Engineering (Högskola) in Stockholm and in 1895 was appointed professor
of applied mechanics and mathematical physics at the University of
Stockholm. In 1897, he developed a synthesis of hydrodynamics and
thermodynamics that allowed him to propose a system for forecasting
weather scientifically. In 1904, he published a scientific paper
outlining a method of numerical forecasting. The Carnegie Institution
supported this work, allowing Bjerknes to employ a long series of
\"Carnegie assistants\" who joined the \"schools\" he founded at Leipzig
and Bergen.

Bjerknes returned to Norway in 1907 as a professor at Kristiania (the
spelling had been changed) University and, in 1910 and 1911, he and
three of his assistants (the Swedish meteorologist Johan W. Sandström
and the Norwegians Olaf D. Devik and T. Hesselberg) published *Dynamic
Meteorology and Hydrography*. This book described their research to date
and proposed many new techniques for weather forecasting as well as
suggesting improvements to existing ones. In 1912, he was appointed
professor of geophysics at the University of Leipzig. While there he
founded the Leipzig Geophysical Institute.

![](media/image5.wmf)![](media/image6.wmf) In 1917, during World War I,
Bjerknes returned to Norway to found the Bergen Geophysical Institute as
part of the Bergen museum. It is now part of the University of Bergen.
He joined the staff of the University of Oslo in 1926 and remained there
until his retirement in 1932.

It was while he was at the Bergen Institute that Bjerknes did his most
important work. During World War I, he and his colleagues established a
network of weather stations throughout Norway. These reported
observations and measurements to Bergen, where they were assembled to
produce general pictures of weather conditions at particular times over
a wide area. Studying these pictures led Bjerknes and other members of
the Bergen School to conclude that there exist air masses that differ
from each other and that these masses are separated by distinct
boundaries. Likening the masses to opposing armies, they called the
boundaries between them fronts and developed a frontal theory to account
for their development and disappearance and the weather associated with
them.

The Bergen frontal theory also explained the way cyclones form over the
Atlantic. Bjerknes described this work in 1921 in a book that became a
classic: *On the Dynamics of the Circular Vortex with Applications to
the Atmosphere and to Atmospheric Vortex and Wave Motion.* This formed
the basis for the modern theory and practice of meteorology.

Vilhelm Bjerknes was an inspired and popular teacher who attracted
talented workers and made sure they received full recognition for their
work. He died in Oslo on April 9, 1951.

(Allaby, Michael. *[Bjerknes, Vilhelm Frimann Koren.]{.underline}*\"
Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate. New York: Facts On File, Inc.,
2002. Science Online. http://)

![](media/image7.png){width="2.125in" height="2.5in"}

> Vilhelm Bjerknes, 1862 - 1951 (Drawing by Hailey King)

**Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes ( 1897‑1975)**

![](media/image8.png){width="1.875in" height="2.2805555555555554in"}

(Photo courtesy of Eugene M. Rasmussen, University of Maryland)

The son of Vilhelm Frimann Koren Bjerknes, Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes
was born in Stockholm and, during World War I, helped his father
organize the network of weather stations that supplied the data they
used to develop their theories of air masses and polar fronts. Jacob
also discovered that depressions originate as waves on fronts. In 1939,
he moved to the United States and in 1940 became professor of
meteorology at the University of California, Los Angeles. He became a
U.S. citizen in 1946. After World War II, Bjerknes conducted extensive
studies of the upper atmosphere and jet stream; in 1952 he was among the
first to use for this purpose photographs taken by high‑altitude
research rockets. Bjerknes also studied the climatic consequences of the
interaction of the ocean and atmosphere in the tropical Pacific and in
1969 was the first to propose what became known as the Bjerknes
hypothesis. This holds that ENSO arises from changes in sea‑surface
temperature, leading to changes in wind strength and direction, leading
to changes in the ocean circulation, leading to further changes in
sea‑surface temperature. Bjerknes died in Los Angeles, in 1975.

(Allaby, Michael. \"Bjerknes, Jacob A. B.\" Encyclopedia of Weather and
Climate. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2002. Science Online.
[http://www.factsonfile.com](http://www.factsonfile.com/)

**[List of selected publications by Vilhelm Bjerknes held in the NOAA
Library Network:]{.underline}**

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Bemerkung zu der vorhergehenden
Abhandlung.]{.underline} Stockholm, 1901.* Mitgeteilt am 11 Dezember
1901 durch S. Arrhenius. Library's copy bound with: Sandstrom, J. W.
(Johan Wilhelm), 1874‑1947. *Ueber die Beziehung zwischen Temperatur und
Luftbewegung in der Atmosphäre unter stationären* *Verhältnissen*.
Series: *Kongl. Svenska vetenskaps‑akademiens förhandlingar* ; no. 10.

QC934 .B55 1901

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[The circulatory movements in the
atmosphere.]{.underline}* In: *Monthly weather review*. Washington, D.C.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Weather Bureau, 1900, v. 28, no. 12, p.
532-535.

JOURNALS

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Dynamic meteorology and
hydrography. Washington, D.C : Carnegie Institution of Washington,
1910‑1911.]{.underline}* 2 v. Accompanied by 60 maps in portfolio
called: Dynamic meteorology and hydrography. Plates (Pub. 1911).

QC880 .B6 1910 Plates

QC880 .B6 1910 pt.1

QC880 .B6 1910 pt.1 (Tables)

QC880 .B6 1910 pt.2

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Dynamic meteorology and
hydrography. In German.]{.underline}*

*[Dynamische Meteorologie und Hydrographie]{.underline}*. Braunschweig :
F. Vieweg, 1912. 2 v. Accompanied by 60 maps in portfolio called:
Dynamische Meteorologie und Hydrographie (Atlas). Translation of English
title: *Dynamic meteorology and hydrography.*

QC880 .B615 1912 Plates

QC880 .B615 1912 pt.1

QC880 .B615 1912 pt.2

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[The Dynamic principles of the
circulatory movements in the atmosphere]{.underline}.* In: *Monthly
weather review*. Washington, D.C. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Weather
Bureau, 1900, v. 28, no. 10, p. 434-443.

JOURNALS

*[Festskrift tillägnad Vilhelm Bjerknes den 14 mars 1942.]{.underline}*
Stockholm : Centraltryckeriet, 1942. In: Swedish, English and German.

Contents: Vilhelm Bjerknes 80 ar ‑‑ Vilhelm Bjerknes\' cirkulationssats
och dess allmanna betydelse i fysiken och geofysikin / av Tor Bergeron
‑‑ Studies in north east Greenland,

accumulation and ablation on the Froya Glacier, its regime in 1938‑39
and 1939‑40 / by Hans W:son Ahlmann ‑‑ Studies in northeast Greenland,
Meteorological records and the ablation on the Froya glacier in relation
to radiation and meteorological conditions / by Backa Erik Eriksson ‑‑ A
new era in teaching synoptic meteorology / by Tor Bergeron ‑‑ On the
determination of variable mean values / by V. Walfrid Ekman ‑‑
Synoptisch‑aerologische Bearbeitung der Internationalen
Registrierballonaufstiege in Europa in der Zeit 17.‑19. Oktober 1935 /
von Alf Nyberg und Erik Palmén ‑‑ Solstraaling og Epidemier / af Helge
Petersen ‑‑ Vindströmmar och tröghetsströmmar / av Hans Pettersson ‑‑
Principiella synpunkter på undersökningar över klimatets förändring / av
Anders Ångström.

QC852 .F47 1942

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Fields of force]{.underline}.
S*upplementary lectures, applications to meteorology; a course of
lectures in mathematical physics delivered December 1 to 23, 1905. New
York: Columbia University Press, 1906.

QA911 .B5 1906 (Online)

> Electronic access:

<http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.math/docviewer?did=02780002&seq=1>

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Geopotential]{.underline}*. Oslo :
Grøndhal & Son, 1930.

QB331 .B5 1930

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. \[Physikalische Hydrodynamik, mit
Anwendung auf die dynamische Meteorologie. German\] *[Hydrodynamique
physique avec applications a la météorologie dynamique.]{.underline}* V.
Bjerknes, J. Bjerknes, H. Solberg, T. Bergeron. Paris : Les Presses
universitaires de France, 1934. Author\'s translation from German.
Series: *Recueil des conferences‑rapports de documentation sur la
physique* ; v. 23.

QA911 .B6314 1934 v.1

QA911 .B6314 1934 v.2

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Die Meteorologie als exakte
Wissenschaft]{.underline}*.

Braunschweig, F. Vieweg & Sohn, 1913.\"Antrittsvorlesung gehalten am 8.
Januar 1913 in der Aula der Universitat Leipzig.\"

QA911 .B64 1913

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[On quasi static wavemotion in
barotropic fluid strata.]{.underline}* Kristiania : I kimmission hos
Cammermeyers boghandel, 1923.

Series: Geofysiske publikationer ; v. 3, no. 3.

QC801 .N67 v.3, no.3

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[On the dynamics of the circular
vortex : with applications to the atmosphere and atmospheric vortex and
wave motions]{.underline}*. Kristiana : I kommission hos Cammermeyers
bokhandel, 1921. Series: *Geofysiske publikationer* ; v. 2, no. 4.

QC801 .N67 v.2, no.4

Ekman, V. Walfrid (Vagn Walfrid), 1874‑1954. *[On the influence of the
earth\'s rotation on ocean‑currents = Über Horisontalzirkulation bei
Winderzeugten Meeresstromungen.]{.underline}* Communicated May 10th 1905
by O. Pettersson and V. Bjerknes. Uppsala, Sweden, 1905. Series: *Arkiv
for matematik, astronomi och fysik* ; Bd. 2, no. 11.

GC239.3.M3 E4 1905

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Physikalische Hydrodynamik, mit
Anwendung auf die dynamische Meteorologie]{.underline}*. V. Bjerknes, J.
Bjerknes, H. Solberg, T. Bergeron. Berlin : J. Springer, 1933. \"Mit 151
Abbildungen.\"

QA911 .B63 1933

QA911 .B63 1933 (M-film)

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. \[Physikalische Hydrodynamik, mit
Anwendung auf die dynamische Meteorologie. German\] *[Physical
hydrodynamics with application to dynamic meteorology.]{.underline}* V.
Bjerknes, J. Bjerknes, H. Solberg, T. Bergeron. 1946. Typescript.
Originally published in German by Julius Springer, Berlin 1933. English
translation by Paul C. Kangieser of the first two chapters of the
author\'s Physikalische Hydrodynamik, mit Anwendung auf die dynamische
Meteorologie.

QA911 .B6313 1946

QA911 .B6313 1946 (M-film)

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Die
Polarfronttheorie]{.underline}*. In: *[Internat. Studiengesellschaft zur
Erforschung der Arktis mit dem Luftschiff (Aeroarctic) : Verhandlungen
der I. ordentl. Versammlung in Berlin, 9.‑13. November
1926]{.underline}.* Gotha, 1927 (p. 53-60).

QC880.4.F7 I57 1927

Skandinaviska geofysikermotet (1918 : Goteborg, Sweden). *[Skandinaviska
geofysikermotet i Goteborg den 28 ‑ 31 augusti 1918 :
forhandlingar.]{.underline}* Utgivna av Otto Nordenskjold och Hans
Pettersson. Goteborg : Goteborgs handelstidnings aktiebolags tryckeri,
1919.

Incomplete contents: I. Organisation och motesforhand‑linger ‑‑ II.
Referat av f_redrag (Veirforutsigelse / Vilhelm Bjerknes, p. 1‑10 ‑‑
Forslag til geofysik verdenskart / Vilhelm Bjerknes, p. 74‑77).

QC801 .S56 1918

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Über die hydrodynamishen
Gleichungen in Lagrangescher und Eulerscher Form und ihre Linearisierung
fur das Studium kleiner Störungen.]{.underline}* Oslo : I kommisjon hos
Cammermeyers boghandel, 1929. Series: *Geofysiske publikasjoner* ; v. 5,
no. 11.

QC801 .N67 v.5, no.11

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Über thermodynamische Maschinen die
unter Mitwirkung der Schwerkraft arbeiten.]{.underline}* Leipzig : B.G.
Teubner, 1916. \"Mit 4 figuren im text.\" Series: *Abhandlungen der
Mathematisch‑Physischen Classe der Königlich Sächsischen Gesellschaft
der Wissenschaften* ;35. Bd., no. 1.

TJ265 .B54 1916

Friedman, Robert Marc, 1949‑ *[Vilhelm Bjerknes and the Bergen school of
meteorology,]{.underline} [1918‑1923 : a study of the economic and
military foundations for the transformation of atmospheric
science.]{.underline}* Thesis (Ph.D.)‑‑Johns Hopkins University, 1979.

Facsimile reproduction by microfilm‑xerography. Ann Arbor, Mich. :
University Microfilms International, 1981.

QC857.N7 F74 1979

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Vorlesungen über hydrodynamische
Fernkrufte nach C.A. Bjerknes\' Theorie]{.underline}*. Leipzig : J. A.
Barth, 1900‑1902. 2 v. Contents: Bd. 1. Die Bewegung eines Systems von
Kugeln mit veränderlichem Volumen in einer inkompressiblen reibungslösen
Flüssigkeit. Theorie der scheinbaren Fernkräfte hydrodynamischen
Ursprunges ‑‑ Bd. 2. Versuche über hydrodynamische Fernkräfte. Die
Analogie hydrodynamischer Erscheinungen mit elektrischen oder
magnetischen. Also available online from: Cornell Library Historical
Mathematics Monographs collection

QA911 .B52 1900

Electronic access: Bd. 1.

Electronic access: Bd. 2.

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. \[Problem der Wettervorhersage,
betrachtet vom Standpunkte der Mechanik und der Physik. English\]
*[Weather forecasting as a problem in mechanics and
physics.]{.underline}* Los Angeles : s.n., 1954? Typescript. Orginally
published in Meteorologische Zeitschrift in Januar 1904. English
translation by Y. Mintz, Los Angeles,

QC995 .B5513 1904 Repr.1954

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Wettervorhersage.]{.underline}*
Uppsala : Almqvist & Wiksells, 1919. \"Vortrag gehalten auf dem
skandinavischen Geophysikerkongress in Goteborg, 28. August 1918.\"
Series: *Meddelanden fr»n K. Vetenskapsakademiens Nobelinstitut* ; Bd.
5, no. 3.

QC880 .B5 1919

Bjerknes, V. (Vilhelm), 1862‑1951. *[Zellulare Tragheitswellen und
Turbulenz]{.underline}*. V. Bjerknes und H. Solberg. Oslo : Komisjon Hos
Jacob Dybwad, 1929. \"Utgitt for Fridtjof Nansen Fond.\" Series:
*Avhandlinger (Norske videnskabs‑akademi. I‑‑Mat.‑naturv. klasse)* ; no.
7.

QC880.4.A8 B5 1929

**[Internet resources on Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951)]{.underline}**

*[Arven etter Vilhelm Bjerknes]{.underline}*. Bergens Tidende, June 13,
2002

"Universitetet i Bergen har mottatt den gledelige melding at
Bjerknessenteret for klimaforskning har fått status som senter for
fremragende forskning. Denne status gir en finansiering som bør gi
klimaforskning i Bergen et løft mot ypperste internasjonale nivå,
skriver Sigbjørn Grønås, professor i meteorologi, Geofysisk institutt,
UiB"

<http://www.bt.no/meninger/kronikk/article92098>

*[Bergensskolens far: Han hadde en uvanlig lang forskerkarriere, Vilhelm
Bjerknes]{.underline}*. Like etter at han hadde tatt artium, begynte han
som assistent for sin professorfar, og i sitt 87. år skrev han sin siste
avhandling. Universitetet i Oslo. 2000.

<http://www.uio.no/om_uio/navn/bjerknes.html>

*[Bjerknes : pioneers in modern meteorology and climatic
research]{.underline}*. Bergen : BCCR, Bjerknes Centre for Climate
Research, 2003.

<http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/about/bjerknes_biogr.html>

Grimes, Doria. *[Bjerknes -- like father -- like son]{.underline}*.
Abstract of the Power Point presentation given at: International
Commission on History of Meteorology (ICHM) Conference, Polling,
Germany, July 2004.

<http://www.meteohistory.org/2004polling_preprints/docs/abstracts/grimes1_abstract.pdf>

*[Bjerknes Centenary 2004: Climate Change in High Latitudes. Open
Science Conference, September 1-3, 2004, Bergen, Norway.]{.underline}*

<http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/conference2004/>

"The conference will commemorate the centenary of Vilhelm Bjerknes´
pioneer publication of 1904: *The problem of weather forecasting as a
problem in mechanics and physics*, Met. Zeits. Wien 21: 1-7. This
scientific article paved the way for modern meteorology and practical
weather forecasting, as well as leading to modern climate research."

*[Bjerknes, Vilhelm Friman Koren]{.underline}*, Encyclopedia Britannica
Online

[http://www.britannica.com](http://www.britannica.com/)

*[Bjerknes, Vilhelm Friman Koren]{.underline}*, *The Columbia Electronic
Encyclopedia,* 6th ed.

New York, N.Y. : Columbia University Press, 2004.

<http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0807730.html>

Allaby, Michael. *[Bjerknes, Vilhelm Frimann Koren]{.underline}.*
Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate*.* New York: Facts On File, Inc.,
2002.

*Science Online* (<http://www.factsonfile.com/>)

<http://www.fofweb.com/Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&iPin=enweath0380>

Miller, Jeff. *Images of mathematicians on postage stamps. Bjerknes,
Vilhelm*. New Port Richey, Fla., \[2003?\]

<http://jeff560.tripod.com/>

<http://jeff560.tripod.com/bjerk1.jpg>

<http://jeff560.tripod.com/bjerk2.jpg>

Related links:

<http://www.mlahanas.de/Stamps/Data/Mathematician/pages/Bjerknes1.htm>

<http://www.freestampcatalogue.com/database/landcat.php3?jaar=1962&code=NO>

<http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Bjerknes_Vilhelm.html>

![](media/image9.jpeg){width="2.6770833333333335in"
height="1.0520833333333333in"}

*[On the shoulders of giants. Vilhelm Bjerknes
(1862-1951).]{.underline}* NASA, Earth Observatory

<http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Bjerknes/bjerknes.html>

*[Mathematics and meteorology]{.underline}*
(<http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Bjerknes/bjerknes_2.html>)

*[Contiuing the saga]{.underline}*

(<http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Bjerknes/bjerknes_3.html>)

*[Links and references]{.underline}*

(<http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Bjerknes/bjerknes_4.html>)

O\'Connor, J.J., and E.F. Robertson, *[Vilhelm Freimann Korean
Bjerknes]{.underline}*.

School of Mathematics and Statistics. University of St. Andrews,
Scotland, July 2000.

<http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bjerknes_Vilhelm.html>

*[Vilhelm Bjerknes]{.underline}.* European Geophysical Society. 1995

<http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/egs/bjerknes.htm>

[*Vilhelm Bjerknes Medal since 1995*.]{.underline} European Geosciences
Society. 2003

<http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/awards/vilhelm_bjerknes_overview.html>

<http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/egs/award6k.htm>

This medal has been established in 1995 by the Section on Oceans and
Atmosphere (OA) in recognition of scientific achievements of Vilhelm
Bjerknes. It is reserved for distinguished research in atmospheric
sciences.

Grønås, Sigbjørn. *[Vilhelm Bjerknes og loven om
værvarsling]{.underline}*. Published online. In:
*[P2-akademiet.]{.underline}* Foredrag ved Sigbjørn Grønås 29. og 31.
januar. Publisert 27.01.2004 11:59

<http://www.nrk.no/programmer/radio/p2_akademiet/3464396.html>

Calderón, Manuel Palomares. [*Vilhelm Bjerknes y los inicios de la
meteorologíía moderna (I)*.]{.underline} Revista del Aficionado a la
Meteorologia, no. 9, marzo, 2003.

<http://www.meteored.com/ram/numero9/indice.asp>

*[Vilhelm Firman Koren Bjerknes (1862 ‑ 1951)]{.underline}* In: Reid,
John D. *Weather prediction in the 19^th^ and early 20^th^ centuries : a
Canadian perspective.* c1999-2003.

<http://www.magma.ca/~jdreid/Bjerknes.htm>

<http://www.magma.ca/~jdreid/>

**[Printed resources on Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951):]{.underline}**

Friedman, Robert Marc, 1949- *[Appropriating the weather : Vilhelm
Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology]{.underline}*.
Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1989. Published in cooperation with
Uppsala Studies in History and Science.

QC858.B53 F75 1989

Schneider, Stephen H., ed. *[Encyclopedia of Climate and
Weather]{.underline}.* New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

QC854 .E523 1996

*[In memory of Vilhelm Bjerknes on the 100th anniversary of his
birth]{.underline}*. Published by Det Norske videnskaps‑akademi i Oslo
in cooperation with the American Meteorological Society, Boston. Oslo :
Universitetsforlaget, 1962. Prepared by: Olaf Devik, Tor Bergeron, and
Carl Ludvig Godske. Vol. 24 of the series: *Geofysiske publikasjoner,*
dedicated to Vilhelm Bjerknes; issued with v. 24, no. 1-11. Series:
Geofysiske publikasjoner ;v. 24.

QC801 .N67 v.24

Ahrens, C. Donald. *[Meteorology: An Introduction to Weather, Climate,
and the Environment]{.underline}.* St. Paul: West Publishing Company,
2000.

QC861.2 .A3 6th ed. 2000

Moran, Joseph M., and Michael D. Morgan. *[Meteorology: The Atmosphere
and the Science of Weather.]{.underline}* Upper Saddle River: Prentice
Hall, 1997.

QC861.2 .M625 1997

Bergeron, Tor, 1891‑ *[Vilhelm Bjerknes och hans livsverk.]{.underline}*
Stockholm : Sörtryck ur Svenska Fysikersamfundets Arsbok Kosmos, 1952.

QC858 .A3 B6 1952

![](media/image10.jpeg){width="2.0in" height="2.625in"}

**Carl Bjerknes (1825-1903)**

**Father of Vilhelm and grandfather of Jacob**

(Photo courtesy of JOC/EFR, November 2002)

For more information on Carl Bjerknes visit:

<http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bjerknes_Carl.html>

**[List of selected publications by Jacob Bjerknes held in the NOAA
Library Network:]{.underline}**

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Analyzed weather maps
of the North Pacific Ocean, Nov. 1, 1939‑Mar. 31, 1939]{.underline}*. 2
v. of charts (loose‑leaf) Photocopy of ms. charts.

> QC994.6 .B5 1944 v.1
>
> QC994.6 .B5 1944 v.2

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Atmospheric
teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific]{.underline}*. P‑3880
\[Santa Monica, Calif.? : Rand Corp.\], 1968.

QC880.4.A8 B52 1968

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[The deepening of
extra-tropical cyclones.]{.underline}*

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 66, suppl.,
p. 57-59. London : Royal Meteorological Society, 1940.

QC851 .R75 v. 66

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Detailed analysis of
synoptic weather as observed from photographs taken on two rocket
flights over White Sands, New Mexico, July 26, 1948.]{.underline}* Santa
Monica, Calif. : Rand Corporation, 1951. This paper originally appeared
as an appendix to *RAND Report* R‑218. P‑887.

QC874 .B54 1951

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Diagnostic and
prognostic application of mountain observations.]{.underline}*
Kristiania : I kommission hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1924.

Series Title: Geofysiske publikationer ; v. 3, no. 6.

QC801 .N67 v.3, no.6

Godske, C. L. (Carl Ludvig), 1906‑1970. *[Dynamic meteorology and
weather forecasting]{.underline}*. C.L. Godske, T. Bergeron, J.
Bjerknes, R.C. Bundgaard. Boston : American Meteorological Society,
1957. Series title: *Carnegie Institution of Washington publications* ;
605.

QC880 .G6 1957

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[\"El Niño\" study based
on analysis of ocean surface temperatures 1935‑57 = Estudio de \"El
Niño" basado en el analisis de las temperaturas de la superficie del
océno de 1935‑57.]{.underline}* Text in both English and Spanish. La
Jolla, Calif. : Inter‑American Tropical Tuna Commission, 1961. Series:
*Bulletin (Inter‑American Tropical Tuna Commission)* ; v. 5, no. 3.

QL614 .I522 v.5, no.3

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Exploration de quelques
perturbations atmosphériques à l\'aide de sondages rapprochés dans le
temps]{.underline}*. Oslo : I kommisjon hos Cammermeyers boghandel,
1932. Series: *Geofysiske publikasjoner* ; vol. 9, no. 9.

QC801 .N67 v.9, no.9

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Extratropical
cyclones.]{.underline}* Mimeograph (with author\'s additions,
corrections and notes in ms.) Published in the Compendium of meteorology
by the American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, 1951, p.
577‑598. Mimeographed copy of manuscript in Rare Book Room at the NOAA
Central Library; \"Property of Dr. Louis W. Uccellini.\"

QC880.4.A8 B53 1951

Electronic access:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/LSN3830.PDF>

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Extratropical
cyclones]{.underline}*. Boston, Mass. : American Meteorological Society,
1951. Reprinted from the Compendium of meteorology, p. 577‑598.: Also
available online in PDF format. \"Property of Dr. Louis W. Uccellini.\"

QC880.4.A8 B54 1951

Electronic access:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/LSN3831.PDF>

*[Forecasting research project : report on a cooperative project
conducted by the University of California, Los Angeles, and the U.S.
Weather Bureau.]{.underline}* Los Angeles, Calif., 1950. Prepared under
U.S. Weather Bureau contract Cwb‑8114 of fiscal year 1949.

Contents: Pt. 1. Numerical measurements of the vorticity field and its
relation to dynamic stability in the atmosphere / by Jack C. Thomson. ‑‑
Pt. 2. Extratropical cyclones / by J. Bjerknes.

QC880.4 .A8 B544

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Half‑a‑century of
change in the \'meteorological scene\'.]{.underline}* \[1964\] 12
leaves. Typescript. Paper read before the American Meteorological
Society in 1964 on the occasion of honoring of Harald Urlik Sverdrup
with the gold medal by AMS. Original typed manuscript in Rare Book Room
at NOAA Central Library; \"Property of Dr. Louis W. Uccellini.\"

QC995 .B55 1964

Electronic access:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/LSN3833.PDF>

*[Investigation of the general circulation of the
atmosphere]{.underline}*. Jacob Bjerknes, Project Director. Final report
entitled: *Investigations of the general circulation of the atmosphere*.
Los Angeles, Calif. : University of California, Los Angeles, \[Dept. of
Meteorology\], 1949‑\[1955?\] Research \... made possible through
support and sponsorship extended by the Geophysical Research Directorate
of the Cambridge Field Station, AMC, U. S.Air Force, under Contract AF
19 (122)‑48.\" Some issues in typescript. Reports no. 1‑5 bound together
and comprise generic project reports by the project director or proxy.
(Incomplete contents) Reports no. 6‑8 bound together and include:
\[Progress reports\] / Jakob Bjerknes ‑‑ The geostrophic poleward flux
of angular momentum in the month of January 1949 / by Yale Mintz‑‑ The
observed mean field of motion of the atmosphere / by Yale Mintz and
Gordon Dean ‑‑ Summer situations on 300, 200, and 100 MB maps over the
northern hemisphere / by Adam Kochanski ‑‑ The geostrophic poleward flux
of sensible heat in the month of January 1949 / by Yale Mintz ‑‑ The
effect of winds and tides on the length of the day / by Yale Mintz and
WalterMunk; Three pts. of no. 9 bound together and include: The daily
geostrophic poleward flux of angular momentum and daily contour heights
and sea‑level pressures in January 1949 / by Yale Mintz and Robert Pyle
‑‑ The contour‑channel method of computing the geostrophic poleward flux
of sensible heat, angular momentum, or other atmospheric properties / by
Yale Mintz and Shih‑Kung Kao -- Progress report / Jacob Bjerknes.
Series: *Scientific report (University of California, Los Angeles. Dept.
of Meteorology : 1953)*

QC880.4.A8 I5 Final (Mar.1955)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.1 (Feb.1953)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.1‑5 (Sep. 1949-Sep. 1950)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.2 (Feb.1953)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.3 (Aug.1953)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.5 (Oct.1953)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.6 (Feb.1954)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.6‑8 (Dec.1950‑June 1951)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.7 (July 1954)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.9 (Dec.1954)

QC880.4.A8 I5 no.9 (Sept.1951)

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. [*Investigations of
selected European cyclones by means of serial ascents : case 3, December
30‑31, 1930*.]{.underline} Oslo : I kommisjon hos Cammermeyers
boghandel, 1935. Series: *Geofysiske publikasjoner* ; vol. 11, no. 4.

QC801 .N67 v.11, no.4

QC801 .N67 v.11, no.4 Repr.1944

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Investigations of
selected European cyclones by means of serial ascents : case 4, February
15‑17, 1935.]{.underline}* J. Bjerknes and E. Palmen. Oslo : I kommisjon
hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1937.

Series: Geofysiske publikasjoner ; vol. 12, no. 2.

QC801 .N67 v.12, no.2

*[Investigations of the general circulation of the atmosphere : final
report]{.underline}.* Jacob Bjerknes, Project Director ; Yale Mintz,
associate project director. Los Angeles : Dept. of Meteorology,
University of California, Los Angeles, 1955. Sponsored by Geophysical
Research Directorate, U.S. Air Force.

QC880.4.A8 I4 1955

[*Large‑scale synoptic processes : final report*.]{.underline} Jacob
Bjerknes, Project Director. Los Angeles : Dept. of Meteorology,
University of California, Los Angeles, 1957. Sponsored by Geophysical
Research Directorate, U.S. Air Force.

QC874.5 .L375 1957

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Life cycle of cyclones
and the polar front theory of atmospheric circulation]{.underline}.* J.
Bierknes and H. Solberg. Kristiania : Grøndahl & søns boktrykkeri, 1922.
Series: *Geofysiske publikationer* ; v. 3, no. 1.

QC801 .N67 v.3, no.1

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Meteorological
conditions for the formation of rain]{.underline}.* J. Bjerknes and H.
Solberg. Kristiania : I kommission hos Cammermeyers boghandel, 1921.

Series: Geofysiske publikationer ; v. 2, no. 3.

QC801 .N67 v.2, no.3

QC925.4.A3 N8 1921

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Meteorological
conditions for the formation of rain]{.underline}.* In French. Les
conditions météorologiques de formation de la pluie ; L\'Evolution des
cyclones et la circulation atmosphérique d\'après la théorie du front
polaire. J. Bjerknes et H. Solberg. Paris : Office national
météorologique, 1923.

Series title: *Memorial de l\'Office national météorologique de France*
; no. 6 (1923)

QC925.4.N8 B514 1923

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[On the structure of
moving cyclones]{.underline}.*

Kristiania : Grøndahl & søns boktrykkeri, 1919. Issued by: Den
Geofysiske Kommission.

Series: *Geofysiske publikationer* ; v. 1, no. 2.

QC801 .N67 v.1, no.2

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. [*On the theory of
cyclones*.]{.underline}

Los Angeles, Calif. : University of California, Dept. of Meteorology,
1944? \"Reprinted from the *Journal of meteorology*, v. 1, nos. 1 and 2,
September, 1944.\"

QC880 .B54 1944

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Practical examples of
polar‑front analysis over the British Isles in 1925‑6.]{.underline}*
Published by the authority of the Meteorological Committee. London : H.
M. Stationery Office, 1930. Issued with series nos. 41‑50 in bound vol.
5 (1928‑1930), pub. 1930; issued also separately. Series: *Geophysical
memoirs* (Great Britain. Meteorological Office) ; no. 50. Series: Met.
O. ; 307j.

QC801 .G7 no. 50

Mieghem, Jacques van. *[Provision du temps par l\'analyse des cartes
météorologiques]{.underline}.* Jacques van Mieghem. Preface de J.
Bjerknes. Paris, Gauthier‑Villars & cie, 1936.

Series: *Institut belge de recherches radioscientifiques (Series)* ; v.
6.

QC994.6 .B54 1936

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[The problem of
cyclogenesis from Helmholtz time to the present]{.underline}.*
Mimeograph (with author\'s additions in ms.) \"Supplement to Meteorology
201 A.\" Mimeographed copy of manuscript in Rare Book Room at NOAA
Central Library; \"Property of Dr. Louis W. Uccellini.\"

QC880.4.A8 B56 1953

Electronic access:
<http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/Bjerknes/LSN3832.PDF>

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Recent warming of the
North Atlantic]{.underline}*. Stockholm : Generalstabens litografisksa
Ansalt, 1959. A reprint from: *The atmosphere and the sea in motion :
scientific contributions to the Rossby memorial volume*. New York :
Rockefeller Institute Press, 1959, p. 65-73. Series: Contributions to
meteorology, no. 45.

QC852 .B653 1959

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Selected papers of
Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes]{.underline}.* Edited by M.G. Wurtele ;
with contributions by Jule G. Charney, Yale Mintz, Jerome Namias. North
Hollywood, Calif. : Western Periodicals Co., 1975. English, French, and
German.

QC852 .B44 1975

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. [*Studies in climate
dynamics for environmental security: large‑scale ocean/atmosphere
interaction resulting from variable heat transfer at the
Equator*.]{.underline} Santa Monica, Calif., Rand, 1970. Research \...
supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract no.
DAHC15 67 C 0141. Series: *Research memorandum* *(Rand Corporation)* ;
RM‑6353‑ARPA.

Q180.A1 R36 no. 6353

Belmont, A. D. *[Summary of Ice Island \"T‑3\" upper air temperature
data, 1952‑53, and comparison with other polar station
data]{.underline}.* J. Bjerknes, Project Director. Los Angeles :
University of California, Department of Meteorology, 1954. Sponsored in
part by: Geophysics Research Directorate of the Air Force Cambridge
Research Center, Air Research and Development Command, under contract
no. AF 19(122)‑228 [Abstract]{.underline}: Contains unsummarized
radiosonde data including heights and mean temperature. Also, includes
charts, graphs, and photos of mean temperature. Data are for Ice Island,
Central Arctic regions during 1952‑1953.

QC994.8.A68 B2 1954 archive

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. [*Survey of El Niño
1957‑58 in its relation to tropical Pacific meteorology = Estudio de El
Niño 1957‑58 en relacion a la meteorologia del Pacífico
tropical*.]{.underline} La Jolla, Calif. : Inter‑American Tropical Tuna
Commission, 1966. Text in English and Spanish. Series: *Bulletin
(Inter‑American Tropical Tuna Commission)*; v. 12, no. 2.

QL614 .I522 v.12, no.2

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. [*Synoptic survey of the
interaction of sea and atmosphere in the North Atlantic*.]{.underline}
Oslo : Universitetsforlaget, 1962. \"Fremlagt i Videnskaps‑akademiets
mte den 9de februar 1962.\"

Series: *Geofysiske publikasjoner* ; v. 24, no. 3.

QC801 .N67 v.24, no.3

Bjerknes, J. (Jacob Aall Bonnevie), 1897‑1975. *[Theory of
extra‑tropical cyclone formation]{.underline}*. Translated from German
by P.F. Clapp, U.S. Weather Bureau. 1937. Translated from J. Bjerknes:
*Theorie der aussertropischen Zyclonenbildung*. Met. Zeit, Haft 12,
1937, p. 462‑466.

QC880.4.A8 B544 1937

*[The upper level winds project : final report]{.underline}.* Prepared
for Air Materiel Command, Geophysical Research Directorate, Air Force
Cambridge Research Laboratories. Los Angeles : University of California
at Los Angeles, Dept. of Meteorology, 1953. Intro. by Jurgen Holmboe
attributes this report on barotropic waves and flow in part to J.
Bjerknes\' theories of atmospheric waves set forth in his following
works: On the structure of moving cyclones (1918) and Theorie der
aussertropischen Zyclonenbildung (1937). \"Contract No. W28‑099
ac‑403.\"

QC935 .U7 1953

**[Internet resources on Jacob Bjerknes (1897-1975):]{.underline}**

Eliassen, Arnt. [*Bibliographical memoir: Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes,
November 2, 1897 - July 7, 1975*.]{.underline} Washington, D.C. :
National Academy of Sciences, 2003.

[*Bjerknes Centenary* 2004 Open Science Conference : Climate Change in
High Latitude]{.underline}.

September 1-3, 2004, Bergen, Norway. Bjerknes BCCR, Bjerknes Centre for
Climate Research, 2003.

<http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/conference2004/program.html>

![](media/image11.png){width="2.5in" height="3.5416666666666665in"}

<http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/jbjerknes.html>

<http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/jbjerknes.pdf>

Allaby, Michael. *[Bjerknes, Jacob A. B]{.underline}*. Encyclopedia of
Weather and Climate*.* New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2002. *Science
Online.* <http://www.factsonfile.com/>

<http://www.fofweb.com/Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&iPin=enweath0379>

*[Bjerknes : pioneers in modern meteorology and climatic
research]{.underline}*. Bergen : BCCR, Bjerknes Centre for Climate
Research, 2003.

<http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/about/bjerknes_biogr.html>

[*A Climate Research Centre in Bergen, Norway*.]{.underline} Brochure in
PDF format. Bjerknes Centre for climate Research. Bergen, Norway, 2003.

<http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/about/Brochure.pdf>

*[The eye of the cyclone]{.underline}*. In: McMurray, Emily, ed.
*Notable Twentieth Century Scientists* (Gale Research Inc., ITP, 1995).
Pub. Online in: *ScienceNow*, 3 Nov. 1997 (American Association for the
Advancement of Science, c1997)

<http://bric.postech.ac.kr/science/97now/97_11now/971103e.html>

*[Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes]{.underline}*. Biographical memoirs, v.
68, pp. 3-22. Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. Also in
E-book format from the National Academy Press home page.

<http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/jbjerknes.html>

<http://books.nap.edu/openbook/0309052394/html/3.html>

*[Jacob Bjerknes]{.underline}*. Digital photograph courtesy of Eugene M.
Rasmussen, University of Maryland. High resolution image available for
downloading.

<http://www.atmos.washington.edu/gcg/RTN/Figures/RTN8B.html>

McPeak, William J. *[Jacob Bjerknes (1897-1975)]{.underline}.
Washington, D.C.,* American Geophysical Union (AGU), 1989.

<http://www.agu.org/inside/awards/bjerknes.html>

*[Jacob Bjerknes : the synthesizer.]{.underline}* In: *History of El
Niño : tracking a global mistery.* Redwood Shores, Calif. : Oracle Think
Quest, Education Fundation, 2003.

[*http://library.thinkquest.org/20901/overview_3.htm*](http://library.thinkquest.org/20901/overview_3.htm)

*[El Niño and La Niña: Tracing the Dance of Ocean and
Atmosphere]{.underline}*. Washington, D.C., National Academy of
Sciences. 2003

<http://www7.nationalacademies.org/opus/elnino_PDF.pdf>

Venkateswaran, S. V. *[A talk delivered as a tribute to J. Bjerknes on
the 100th anniversary of his birth.]{.underline}* October 25, 1997, an
address at UCLA.

<http://www.mnc.net/norway/venki.htm>

Pub. online in: Great Norwegians: <http://www.mnc.net/norway/Page2.htm>

**Prepared by:**

**Anna Fiolek, M.A., M.L.S.**

**Metadata Librarian,**

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