> REL West: Study of the Program for Infant and Toddler Care (Task 2)
>
> OMB Supporting Statement

Contract No: ED-06-CO-0014

Prepared for

**Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs**

Office of Management and Budget

Docket Library, Room 10102

725 17^th^ Street NW

Washington, DC 20503

Prepared by

**WestEd**

730 Harrison Street

San Francisco, California 94107

**Berkeley Policy Associates**

440 Grand Ave, Suite 500

Oakland, California 94610

> Revised Submission: July 17, 2007

**[Table of Contents]{.smallcaps}**

**Supporting Statement For Paperwork Reduction Act Submission** 3

**A. Justification** 3

1\. Circumstances that Make Collection of Data Necessary 3

2\. Purposes and Use of the Data 4

3\. Use of Improved Information Technology to Reduce Burden 13

4\. Efforts to Identify and Avoid Duplication 13

5\. Efforts to Minimize Burden on Small Businesses or Other Entities 13

6\. Consequences if the Information is Not Collected or is Collected
Less Frequently 13

7\. Special Circumstances 13

8\. Federal Register Comments and Persons Consulted Outside the Agency
13

9\. Payments to Respondents 14

10\. Assurances of Confidentiality 14

11\. Justifications for Questions of a Sensitive Nature 16

12\. Estimate of Information Collection Burden 17

13\. Estimate of Total Annual Cost Burden 19

14\. Estimates of Annualized Costs to the Federal Government 20

15\. Change in Reporting Burden 20

16\. Plans for Tabulation and Reporting 21

17\. Display of Expiration Date for OMB Approval 23

18\. Exceptions 23

######### References for Part A 24

**B. Collections of Information Employing Statistical Methods** 27

1\. Respondent Universe and Sampling Methods 27

2\. Statistical Power of the Sample 31

3\. Maximizing Response Rates 33

4\. Pretesting 36

5\. Contact Information 36

**References for Part B** 38

**Appendix A: Draft Recruitment Flyers**

**Appendix B: Draft Consent Forms**

**Appendix C: Draft Instruments**

[Exhibits]{.smallcaps}

Exhibit 1. Data Collection Instruments 9

Exhibit 1A.Copyright Status of Instruments 12

######### Exhibit 2. Procedures for Handling Class 1 Data 14

######### Exhibit 3. Burden Estimate for Each Data Collection Activity 17

######### Exhibit 4. Burden Estimate For Recruitment Meetings 19

Exhibit 5. Annual Number of Responses and Hour/Cost Burden by Task and
Total 20

Exhibit 6. Study of PITC: Reporting Schedule 21

Exhibit 7. Overview of Study Timeline 22

Exhibit 8. Study of PITC: Waves for Recruitment, Random Assignment,

> Data Collection, and Program Implementation 23

Exhibit 9. Licensed Child Care Programs in Target Counties 27

Exhibit 10. Statistical Power Calculations 32

**SUPPORTING STATEMENT FOR PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT SUBMISSION**

**Study of the Program for Infant Toddler Care**

The Study of the Program for Infant Toddler Care will be conducted by
Berkeley Policy Associates in partnership with the University of Texas
and SRM Boulder. The Program for Infant Toddler Care (PITC) was
developed by WestEd in 1985 in partnership with the California
Department of Education. Since that time it has grown to be a major
provider of infant and toddler training. The primary goal of the
evaluation is to conduct a rigorous impact assessment of the PITC,
including impact on both program quality and on children's development,
particularly on language, cognitive, and social skills that are closely
associated with school readiness. Additional goals are to analyze
differential impacts on child care centers and family child care homes,
and on different sub-groups of children, by language and family
background; to inform improvement of the program and guide its
replication throughout the region; and to inform policy on the
development of high quality infant/toddler child care. The study will
use a cluster-based random assignment design, and will recruit 240 child
care programs and about 1000 children in Southern California and
Arizona.

**A. Justification**

**1. Circumstances that Make Collection of Data Necessary**

This information collection is being conducted as one of the Task 2
Studies (Rigorous Applied Research and Development) of the 2005-2010
Regional Education Laboratories Program. The current authorization for
the Regional Educational Laboratories program is under the Education
Sciences Reform Act of 2002, Part D, Section 174, (20 U.S.C. 9564),
administered by the Institute of Education Sciences' National Center for
Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.

As required in the above legislation, this study addresses a regional
and national priority: to improve the quality of infant child care.
Research has documented the majority of group-based infant child care
programs in the U.S. and in the region to be of poor- to- moderate
quality (Whitebook, et al., 1990; Cost, Quality and Outcomes Study Team,
1995; NICHD Early Childhood Research Network, 2005). In a 1991 study of
infant toddler child care throughout the United States, only eight
percent was seen as developmentally appropriate and 40 percent was
actually seen as harmful to children (Cost, Quality & Outcomes Study
Team, 1995). The Carnegie Foundation in 1994 noted a "quiet crisis" in
the field of infant child care.

The Program for Infant Toddler Care is an important emerging strategy
for improving the quality of care. Preliminary research on the PITC has
found it to be associated with significant increases in program quality,
including improvements in caregiver-child interactions and
language/learning activities. To date these effects have been documented
through pre-post comparisons of child care environment and caregiving
quality. For example, in a California-wide evaluation, the Caregiver
Interactions subscale of the Infant/Toddler Environmental Scale (ITERS)
was rated in the "good" range post-training, a significant improvement
from its rating in the "minimal" range pre-training. These pre-post
findings are noteworthy in light of the stability of child care quality
in the absence of intervention as documented elsewhere (e.g., Clifford,
2004).

However, an additional, more rigorous study is needed to provide
evidence of the impact of the PITC on programs and on children, and to
guide future decisions that will improve the quality of infant care in
the region. The proposed study is informed by prior research on the
association between the quality of early caregiving and children's
development of language, social, and cognitive skills. This study will
be the first to investigate these relationships for the PITC and the
first to meet the Department of Education's standards of evidence for
"what works" in improving infant toddler care.

**2. Purposes and Use of the Data**

The primary goal of the evaluation is to conduct a rigorous impact
assessment of the Program for Infant Toddler Care, including impacts on
both program quality and on children's development. Evaluation results
will be used by REL West to improve infant and toddler child care in the
region. In addition, results will be disseminated throughout the
Regional Educational Laboratory Network and to education/child
development agencies nationwide, in order to inform and improve child
care policies and caregiver training.

If the study finds that the PITC program has a positive impact on child
care quality and child development, these results will be used as a
basis for securing additional funding in order to further disseminate
the program and replicate its positive impacts. If the study finds the
PITC program does not have a positive impact, or has differential
impacts on various dimensions of child care quality and child
development, these results will be used to redesign and improve the
program or its implementation.

The Program for Infant Toddler Caregivers (PITC) was developed by WestEd
in 1985 in partnership with the California Department of Education.
Since that time it has grown to be a major provider of infant and
toddler training. Over 1,000 early childhood trainers across 16 states
have undergone intensive training in WestEd's PITC, and these trained
professionals have in turn trained over 10,000 caregivers. The program
has been developed and fielded over two decades and has built strong
connections with early childhood stakeholders in the western region. It
has also been closely involved with Early Head Start in the first eight
years since its inception, having trained over 1,200 EHS trainers.

PITC is a responsive, relationship-based approach to infant/toddler care
and is based on extensive developmental research, theory, and practice.
The PITC curriculum is divided into four modules: Social Emotional
Growth; Group Care; Learning & Development; and Culture, Family and
Providers. Each module includes between four and six topics. PITC
training is delivered through multiple modalities including on-site
training, group training, video, print and web-based materials. A unique
aspect of PITC training is its highly accessible and individualized
format. In working with programs, certified trainers deliver all or most
training during the evenings or on weekends. All programs receive a
combination of group training (on-site for centers) and on-site coaching
or other individualized assistance. For each course "section" (a section
includes two modules) trainers work with each program to develop a
customized program improvement plan and to review progress toward the
plan; programs must demonstrate progress in order to receive credit for
each section. Trainers tailor teaching strategies to the learning
styles, preferences, needs, and culture of the caregivers. Trainers are
assigned to match the language and cultural backgrounds of the
caregivers, to the extent possible.

PITC staff and evaluators will recruit programs for the study in areas
of Southern California and Arizona where demand for PITC services is
high. The counties targeted for the study include Los Angeles, San
Bernadino, Orange and Riverside Counties in California, and Maricopa and
Pima Counties in Arizona. Urban, suburban, and rural parts of these
counties will be included. Neither PITC nor other intensive
infant-toddler training programs are yet widely established in these
areas. In these areas, emerging interest and lesser availability of the
program will make it possible to recruit and assign applicants for PITC
to treatment and control conditions, and to maintain those conditions
with ongoing monitoring. The "counter­factual" condition in the study
will be represented by control group programs and children, who will be
expected to benefit from no special training other than what would
ordinarily be available to them in the absence of the study.

The study will measure impacts of the PITC on both program quality and
child development. Recruitment and baseline data collection, followed by
random assignment, will take place in 2007. The PITC will be implemented
in child care programs assigned to the treatment group over a 10-16
month period beginning in mid-2007. Program follow-up data collection
will take place in mid-2008. Child follow-up data collection will take
place in two rounds: the first in mid 2008 and the second in mid- 2009.
A detailed study timeline is included under Question \# 16.

Below we present a description of data collection activities and
instruments for the study, followed by Exhibit 1, which provides an
overview of the instruments and their time requirements. All instruments
and measures will be available in both Spanish and English.

***1A & 1B. Child Care Provider Screening Interview: Centers and Family
Child Care* Providers.** During an initial telephone contact from
recruiters, program directors who agree to be interviewed will be asked
questions to determine their eligibility for the study. Questions will
address the ages of children in care, languages spoken in the program,
length of time program has been operating, and turnover rates among
children and caregivers. Providers who complete the interview and who
are eligible for the study will be invited to a meeting at which
researchers and PITC staff will further explain the study and the
intervention and will distribute informed consent forms.

***2. Parent Baseline Questionnaire.*** Child care providers who consent
to participate in the study will be asked to distribute consent forms to
parents of children under the age of two, with this brief questionnaire
to be completed by parents who grant consent. This questionnaire will
ask about children's ages, language spoken at home, and parents'
employment and educational status. Family contact information will also
be obtained through this questionnaire so that researchers can reach
families at the first and second follow-up points one year and two years
later.

***3. Center Director Questionnaire.*** At both baseline (2007) and
follow-up (2008), all child care center directors will be asked
additional questions about program structure, staffing, enrollment, and
services, beyond those asked in the brief screening questionnaire. The
baseline director and caregiver questionnaires will be mailed to
programs after all consent forms have been completed. Completed
questionnaires will be collected by field researchers during the
observation visit. (We are also considering on-line administration of
these questionnaires.)

***4.*** ***Center Caregiver Questionnaire.*** The center caregiver
questionnaire, also administered at baseline and follow-up, will ask
about caregivers' background and training. Additional items in this
questionnaire are measures of the quality of caregiving and are based on
the Arnett *Caregiver Interaction Scale* (Arnett, 1989). *Ideas about
Raising Young Children* is a 30-item self-administered caregiver
questionnaire scaled on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = \"Strongly
Disagree\" to 5 = \"Strongly Agree\"). Sample items include "children
should always obey the teacher" and "children will be bad unless they
are taught what is right", with higher values indicating more
traditional beliefs about raising young children (Cronbach\'s alpha =
.89).The *Taking Care of Young Children Scale* is a 28-item,
self-administered questionnaire intended to measure caregiver
perceptions of concerns and rewards with regard to taking care of young
children. Items on this questionnaire are rated on a 4-point Likert
scale (1 = \"not at all\" a concern/reward, 4 =\"extremely a\"
concern/reward). In the NICHD SECCYD study, principal components
analysis revealed four factors, including: Emphasis on Work
Characteristics (6 items, Cronbach\'s alpha = .86), Emphasis on caring
for children (8 items, Cronbach\'s alpha = .72), Emphasis on working
with children (6 items, Cronbach\'s alpha = .75), and Emphasis on
Caregiver\'s own needs (5 items, Cronbach\'s alpha = .72).

***5. Family Caregiver Questionnaire*** Family child care
owner/directors and other caregivers will receive a questionnaire
similar to the center director and center caregiver questionnaires.
Program level questions will be adapted as appropriate for family child
care settings.

***6. Individual Child Form for Caregiver.*** One of these forms will be
completed for each child by a caregiver/teacher. This form serves as an
indirect baseline measure of the children\'s language and
social-emotional development. The form is divided into three sections.
The first section has six items about the caregiver/teacher\'s
relationship with the child. These items come from the ECLS-B 2-year
Child Care Provider Interview. The second section has eight items about
the child\'s behavior (i.e., social-emotional development). These eight
items also come from the ECLS-B 2-year Child Care Provider Interview but
they were originally adapted from the Infant/Toddler Symptom Checklist
(DeGangi, Poisson, Sickel, and Wiener, 1995). The third section has
three items about the child\'s language development. Some of these items
were adapted from the ECLS-B 2-year Parent Interview and some were
developed to include information about the language skills of pre-verbal
children.

***7A. Center Observation Instrument.*** All programs in both treatment
and control groups will be observed by trained field researchers at both
baseline (2007) and follow-up (2008). The center observation instrument
will include the complete Infant Toddler Environment Rating Scale
(ITERS-R), selections from the PITC Program Assessment Rating Scale
(PARS), and several additional items from the National Association of
Family Child Care Standards. In each center, researchers will observe
two infant-toddler classrooms for between four and six hours each to
complete the measures.

The *Infant-Toddler Environment Rating Scale (ITERS-R)* measures quality
experienced for all children (infants to 2½ years) in center-based
classrooms (Harms, Clifford, & Cryer, 2003). The 39 items of the ITERS-R
comprise 7 subscales: Space/furnishings, Personal care,
Language/reasoning, Activities, Interaction, Program structure, and
Parents and Staff. Internal consistency of the ITERS-R subscales range
from .47 to .93 with a total scale internal consistency of .93. The 32
items of the FDCRS are grouped into six categories: space and
furnishings for care and learning, basic care, language and reasoning,
learning activities, social development, and adult needs. Eight
additional items are included for use with settings that include
children with special needs.

*The PITC Program Assessment Rating System (PARS)* was designed by PITC
staff in order to measure the quality experienced by children from birth
through age 3 in home-based and center-based settings, in accordance
with PITC philosophy. The 98 items are scored either 1 (met) or 0 (not
met). The five subscales include Quality of Caregiver interaction with
infants (28 items, α=.90), Family Partnerships, Cultural Responsiveness,
& Inclusion of Children with Special Needs (20 items, α=.78),
Relationship-based Care (16 items, α=.74), Physical Environment (28
items, α=.80), and Routines & Record Keeping (16 items, α=.68).
Inter-rater reliability for the individual subscales ranged from .79-
.86. Concurrent validity of the Quality of Caregiver Interaction with
Children with the subscales from the Arnett scale is moderate (warmth
*r*=.60, criticalness, *r*=-.70, and distance *r*=-.60). A high degree
of concurrent validity was found between the PARS total score and the
ITERS-R (*r*=.84), ECERS-R (*r*=.88), and the FDCRS (*r*=.86) (Mangione,
Kriener-Althen, Niggle, & Welsh, 2006).

***7B. Family Child Care Program Observation Instrument.*** This
instrument is similar to the center observation instrument, with use of
scales and items that are appropriate for family child care settings.
The counterpart of the ITERS-R for home-based settings has been the
*Family Day Care Rating Scale* (FDCRS), (Harms & Clifford, 1989);
however, this scale is currently undergoing revision and an updated
scale, the *FCCERS-R*, will be available in spring 2007 and will be used
for the study. Researchers will observe each family child care program
for between four and six hours to complete the FCCERS-R, as well as
selected items from the PITC-PARS and NAFCC standards.

***8A and 8B. Center and Family Child Care Interview with
Observation.*** These interviews are integral to the observation
instruments above; interview questions have been incorporated to address
items on the ITERS, FCCERS, or PARS that may not be observable at the
time of the visit. Researchers will ask program directors some or all of
these questions, as needed.

***9. PITC Training Evaluation.*** Caregivers in the treatment group
will be asked to complete this brief questionnaire after completion of
the second and fourth of the four PITC modules (approximately six months
and twelve months after start-up of program implementation).

***10. Parent Follow-Up Questionnaire.*** This questionnaire will be
administered along with child outcomes data collection twelve months and
twenty-four months after random assignment (2008 and 2009). It will
address the child's caregiving arrangements over the past year; changes
in family status since baseline; and will incorporate several child
measures and a parenting measure.

Child measures include two social-behavioral measures*. The Positive
Behavior Scale* was developed for the New Chance survey (Quint, Bos, and
Polit, 1997), a study of over 2,000 low-income mothers and their
children. Its 25 items can be divided into three subscales:
compliance/self-control (for example, thinks before he/she acts, usually
does what I tell him/her), social competence and sensitivity (for
example, gets along well with other children, shows concern for other
people's feelings), and autonomy (for example, tries to do things for
him/herself, is self-reliant). The parent responds on a five-point
scale, ranging from "never" to "all of the time." It has high internal
consistency (Epps, Park, Huston, & Ripke, 2005). *The Problem Behavior
Scale* from the *Social Skills Rating System* (Gresham and Elliot, 1990)
has two components: externalizing problems and internalizing problems.
Externalizing problems include aggression and lack of behavior control
(e.g., "is aggressive toward people or objects," "has temper tantrums").
Internalizing problems include social withdrawal and excessive
fearfulness (e.g., "appears lonely," "acts sad or depressed"). The
internal consistencies for parents' ratings of preschool children are
satisfactory. To reduce response biases, the items from the positive and
problem behavior scale are mixed together for administration.

*The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories*, available in
English and Spanish, are structured interviews to obtain parent reports
of children's language at three age levels: 8-16 months -- words and
gestures; 16-30 months -- productive vocabulary, irregular word forms,
overgeneralization; 30-42 months -- the range of language. These scales
are well-validated (e.g., Feldman et al., 2005). A short form of these
inventories will be incorporated into the parent questionnaires.

*The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)
Inventory* (Caldwell and Bradley, 1984) was designed to measure the
quality and quantity of stimulation and support available to a child in
the environment. Although the HOME is primarily an observational
assessment, selected items from the inventory will be considered for
incorporation into the parent questionnaire. We will consider items from
the ECLS-B 9-month Parent Interview that were modified from the HOME
Inventory and the National Household Education Survey (NHES).

***11. and 12. In-Person Child Measures***

In-person child outcomes data collection will take place in 2008 and
2009. Trained researchers/child assessors will arrange to meet with all
treatment and control group children and their parents in their homes.
The parent follow-up questionnaire will be mailed to parents in advance
of the meeting. The in-person child assessment will require one hour,
with up to one half hour of additional time for parents to complete the
questionnaire (the researcher may administer it as an interview) if they
have not done so prior to the meeting. During both rounds the researcher
will begin the meeting with a brief review of the study and will read
and discuss the informed consent protocol before asking the parents to
sign the form.

During the first round of assessments children's ages will range from
approximately eighteen months to thirty-six months; during the second
round, their ages will range from twenty-four through forty-eight
months. Growth and development during this time necessitate that
different measures be used at each round of assessment.

In 2008 children will be assessed with *The Bayley Scale of Infant and
Toddler Development III*. It measures five major developmental domains
--- cognitive skills, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive
behavior for children from infancy through 3.5 years. It has been used
in several national evaluations of very young children including the
Early Childhood Longitudinal Study -- Birth Cohort and the Early Head
Start Study. It is standardized on a sample of children that is
representative of the population based on the 2000 census. It has good
reliability and is a valid indicator of children's current developmental
level. A short form of this measure can be administered in twenty to
twenty-five minutes. Copies cannot be appended because the test involves
large materials (e.g., blocks, pictures, objects) that the examiner
manipulates. Information can be found at
[http://harcourtassessment.com](http://harcourtassessment.com/).

In 2009, children will be assessed with the following two measures:

*The Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-III* has tests of early
letter and number skills in English and Spanish (Mather, 2002). It is
normed for age 2 to adult. It is a widely-used measure of school-related
skills with excellent reliability and validity (McGrew, 1991), and can
be administered for young children in twenty-five minutes. Two tests
will be used for this study: *Letter-Word Identification:* The first
five items involve symbolic learning, or the ability to match a
pictographic representation of a word with an actual picture of the
object. The remaining items measure the subject\'s reading
identification skills in identifying isolated letters and words. In this
test, it is not necessary that the subject know the meaning of any word
correctly identified. The items become more difficult as they present
words that appear less and less frequently in written English. *Applied
Problems:* This test measures the subject\'s skill in analyzing and
solving practical problems in mathematics. In order to solve the
problems, the subject must recognize the procedure to be followed and
then perform relatively simple calculations.

*The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III* is a measure of receptive
vocabulary with norms for ages 2.5 -- adult
(http://ags.pearsonassessments.com). The test can be administered in
fifteen minutes. Children are shown a card containing four pictures and
asked to point to the one that corresponds to a word the examiner says.
There is a Spanish equivalent version. Copies cannot be appended because
the materials include a large cardboard book and an extensive manual for
examiners.

Exhibit 1 presents an overview of all data collection instruments and
their role in the study.

**Exhibit 1. Data Collection Instruments**

+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
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+==========+========+=========+=======+========+========+======+====+
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+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
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|          |        | c       | tural |        |        |      | Se |
|          |        | haracte | qu    |        |        |      | pt |
|          |        | ristics | ality |        |        |      | 08 |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
| 4\.      | Child  | Ca      | Des   | Paper  | 30 min | Base | J  |
| Center   | Care   | regiver | cribe | and    |        | line | un |
| C        | Staff  | att     | sub   | pencil |        | and  | 0  |
| aregiver | w      | itudes, | group | or     |        | pro  | 7- |
| Quest    | orking | b       | di    | online |        | gram | Se |
| ionnaire | w/ch   | eliefs, | ffere |        |        | f    | pt |
|          | ildren | back    | nces; |        |        | ollo | 07 |
|          | under  | ground, | me    |        |        | w-up | A  |
|          | age 3  | tr      | asure |        |        |      | ND |
|          |        | aining, | of    |        |        |      | Ju |
|          |        | ed      | i     |        |        |      | ne |
|          |        | ucation | mpact |        |        |      | 0  |
|          |        |         | on    |        |        |      | 8- |
|          |        |         | careg |        |        |      | Se |
|          |        |         | iving |        |        |      | pt |
|          |        |         | qu    |        |        |      | 08 |
|          |        |         | ality |        |        |      |    |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
| 5\.      | Family | P       | Des   | Paper  | 30 min | Base | J  |
| Family   | Child  | rogram/ | cribe | and    |        | line | un |
| C        | Care   | enr     | sub   | pencil |        | and  | 0  |
| aregiver | own    | ollment | group | or     |        | pro  | 7- |
| Quest    | er/dir | c       | di    | online |        | gram | Se |
| ionnaire | ectors | haracte | ffere |        |        | f    | pt |
|          | AND    | ristics | nces; |        |        | ollo | 07 |
|          | other  | AND     | me    |        |        | w-up | A  |
|          | care   | att     | asure |        |        |      | ND |
|          | givers | itudes, | of    |        |        |      | Ju |
|          |        | beliefs | i     |        |        |      | ne |
|          |        |         | mpact |        |        |      | 0  |
|          |        |         | on    |        |        |      | 8- |
|          |        |         | careg |        |        |      | Se |
|          |        |         | iving |        |        |      | pt |
|          |        |         | qu    |        |        |      | 08 |
|          |        |         | ality |        |        |      |    |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
| 6\.      | One    | Child's | An    | Paper  | 20 min | Base | Ju |
| In       | te     | relatio | alyze | and    |        | line | ne |
| dividual | acher/ | nships, | sub   | pencil |        |      | 0  |
| Child    | car    | be      | group |        |        |      | 7- |
| Form for | egiver | havior, | d     |        |        |      | Se |
| C        | for    | l       | iffer |        |        |      | pt |
| aregiver | each   | anguage | ences |        |        |      | 07 |
|          | child  | in the  | ;     |        |        |      |    |
|          |        | care    | r     |        |        |      |    |
|          |        | setting | efine |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | i     |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | mpact |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | estim |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | ates; |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | i     |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | ntent |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | --to- |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | treat |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | ana   |        |        |      |    |
|          |        |         | lysis |        |        |      |    |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
| 7A.      | Child  | Program | I     | Obser  | None   | Base | J  |
| Center   | Care   | quality | mpact | vation | (obser | line | un |
| Obs      | Pr     | ind     | anal  | by     | vation | and  | 0  |
| ervation | ograms | icators | ysis, | field  | will   | pro  | 7- |
| Ins      | will   |         | plus  | resea  | take   | gram | Se |
| trument: | be     |         | impl  | rchers | 4-6    | f    | pt |
| Includes | ob     |         | ement |        | hours  | ollo | 07 |
| ITERS-R, | served |         | ation |        | but no | w-up | A  |
| items    |        |         | ana   |        | resp   |      | ND |
| from     |        |         | lysis |        | ondent |      | Ju |
| PARS     |        |         | for   |        | time   |      | ne |
|          |        |         | PI    |        | req    |      | 0  |
| 7B.      |        |         | TC-re |        | uired) |      | 8- |
| Family   |        |         | lated |        |        |      | Se |
| Child    |        |         | prac  |        |        |      | pt |
| Care     |        |         | tices |        |        |      | 08 |
| Obs      |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| ervation |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| Ins      |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| trument: |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| Includes |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| F        |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| CCERS-R, |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| items    |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| from     |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| PARS     |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
| 8A.      | Child  | Program | I     | Int    | 30 min | Base | J  |
| Center   | Care   | quality | mpact | erview |        | line | un |
| I        | Dir    | ind     | anal  | by     |        | and  | 0  |
| nterview | ectors | icators | ysis, | field  |        | pro  | 7- |
| w/       | or     |         | plus  | rese   |        | gram | Se |
| Obse     | Owners |         | impl  | archer |        | f    | pt |
| rvation: |        |         | ement | as     |        | ollo | 07 |
|          |        |         | ation | needed |        | w-up | A  |
| 8B.      |        |         | ana   | for    |        |      | ND |
| Family   |        |         | lysis | no     |        |      | Ju |
| Child    |        |         | for   | n-obse |        |      | ne |
| Care     |        |         | PI    | rvable |        |      | 0  |
| i        |        |         | TC-re | items  |        |      | 8- |
| nterview |        |         | lated |        |        |      | Se |
| w/       |        |         | prac  |        |        |      | pt |
| Obs      |        |         | tices |        |        |      | 08 |
| ervation |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
| 9\. PITC | Care   | Q       | Impl  | Paper  | 15 min | Th   | Ro |
| Training | givers | uality, | ement | and    |        | roug | ll |
| Ev       | in all | usef    | ation | pencil |        | hout | in |
| aluation | tre    | ulness, | ana   |        |        | i    | g, |
|          | atment | and     | lysis |        |        | nter | t  |
|          | pr     | f       |       |        |        | vent | hr |
|          | ograms | idelity |       |        |        | ion, | ou |
|          |        | of PITC |       |        |        | at   | gh |
|          |        | t       |       |        |        | co   | -o |
|          |        | raining |       |        |        | mple | ut |
|          |        | &       |       |        |        | tion | 08 |
|          |        | te      |       |        |        | of   |    |
|          |        | chnical |       |        |        | each |    |
|          |        | ass     |       |        |        | of   |    |
|          |        | istance |       |        |        | the  |    |
|          |        |         |       |        |        | 4    |    |
|          |        |         |       |        |        | mod  |    |
|          |        |         |       |        |        | ules |    |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
| 10\.     | P      | Update  | I     | Paper  | 30     | C    | Ju |
| Parent   | arents | family  | mpact | and    | min(if | hild | ne |
| f        |        | /child  | anal  | pencil | p      | f    | 0  |
| ollow-up |        | data    | ysis; | or     | arents | ollo | 8- |
| quest    |        | in      | co    | in-    | do not | w-up | Se |
| ionnaire |        | cluding | ntrol | person | co     | both | pt |
| w/child  |        | changes | -trea | i      | mplete | ro   | 08 |
| measures |        | in care | tment | n-home | prior  | unds | A  |
| in       |        | arrang  | con   | int    | to     |      | ND |
| cluding: |        | ements; | trast | erview | in-    |      | Ju |
| Positive |        | also    |       | by     | person |      | ne |
| behavior |        | i       |       | rese   | visit, |      | 0  |
| and      |        | ncludes |       | archer | this   |      | 9- |
| problem  |        | social- |       |        | time   |      | Se |
| behavior |        | beh     |       |        | will   |      | pt |
| scales;  |        | avioral |       |        | be     |      | 09 |
| M        |        | and     |       |        | s      |      |    |
| acArthur |        | l       |       |        | hifted |      |    |
| Commu    |        | anguage |       |        | to     |      |    |
| nicative |        | m       |       |        | extend |      |    |
| Dev      |        | easures |       |        | in-    |      |    |
| elopment |        |         |       |        | person |      |    |
| I        |        |         |       |        | visit  |      |    |
| nventory |        |         |       |        | to 90  |      |    |
| (short   |        |         |       |        | min)   |      |    |
| fo       |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| rm);plus |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| brief    |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| p        |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| arenting |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| measure  |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
| 11\.     | Parent | Child   | I     | Direct | 60 min | C    | Ju |
| I        | w      | la      | mpact | child  | (see   | hild | ne |
| n-person | /child | nguage, | ana   | asse   | above) | f    | 0  |
| child    |        | cog     | lysis | ssment |        | ollo | 8- |
| measures |        | nitive, |       | by     |        | w-up | Se |
| 1^st^    |        | and     |       | rese   |        | 1st  | pt |
| Round:   |        | general |       | archer |        | r    | 08 |
| Includes |        | deve    |       | (in    |        | ound |    |
| Bayley   |        | lopment |       | home)  |        |      |    |
| Scale of |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| Infant   |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| and      |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| Toddler  |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| Dev      |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| elopment |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| (short   |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| form)    |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+
| 12\.     | Parent | Child   | I     | Direct | 60 min | C    | Ju |
| I        | w      | la      | mpact | child  | (see   | hild | ne |
| n-person | /child | nguage, | ana   | asse   | above) | f    | 0  |
| child    |        | cog     | lysis | ssment |        | ollo | 9- |
| measures |        | nitive, |       | by     |        | w-up | Se |
| 2^nd^    |        | and     |       | rese   |        | 2    | pt |
| Round:   |        | general |       | archer |        | ^nd^ | 09 |
| Includes |        | deve    |       | (in    |        | r    |    |
| Woodcock |        | lopment |       | home)  |        | ound |    |
| Johnson  |        | o       |       |        |        |      |    |
| P        |        | utcomes |       |        |        |      |    |
| sycho-Ed |        | for     |       |        |        |      |    |
| Battery  |        | impact  |       |        |        |      |    |
| and      |        | a       |       |        |        |      |    |
| include  |        | nalysis |       |        |        |      |    |
| Peabody  |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| Picture  |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| Vo       |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| cabulary |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
| Test     |        |         |       |        |        |      |    |
+----------+--------+---------+-------+--------+--------+------+----+

Exhibit 1A identifies copyrighted materials within the study
instruments, and also describes the status of permission to use these
copyrighted measures or items for the study. Permission will be strictly
limited to use of the measures for the study and will not permit further
reproduction of the measures or sharing in the public domain.

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**Exhibit 1A. Copyright Status of Instruments**

+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| **Instrument**     | **Copy       | **Status of        | **         |
|                    | righted      | Permission**       | Comments** |
|                    | Items**      |                    |            |
+====================+==============+====================+============+
| 1A.Child Care      | No           | NA                 |            |
| Provider Screening | copyrighted  |                    |            |
| Interview-Centers  | items        |                    |            |
|                    |              |                    |            |
| 1B. Child Care     |              |                    |            |
| Provider Screening |              |                    |            |
| Interview-Family   |              |                    |            |
| Child Care         |              |                    |            |
| Programs           |              |                    |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 2\. Parent         | No           | NA                 |            |
| baseline           | copyrighted  |                    |            |
| questionnaire      | items        |                    |            |
| (attached to       |              |                    |            |
| consent form)      |              |                    |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 3\. Center         | No           | NA                 |            |
| Director           | copyrighted  |                    |            |
| questionnaire      | items        |                    |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 4\. Center         | No           | NA                 |            |
| Caregiver          | copyrighted  |                    |            |
| Questionnaire      | items        |                    |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 5\. Family         | No           | NA                 |            |
| Caregiver          | copyrighted  |                    |            |
| Questionnaire      | items        |                    |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 6\. Individual     | No           | NA                 |            |
| Child Form for     | copyrighted  |                    |            |
| Caregiver          | items        |                    |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 7A. Center         | All items    | Teachers' College  | These two  |
| Observation        | are          | Press is reviewing | i          |
| Instrument:        | copyrighted  | our request for    | nstruments |
| Includes ITERS-R,  | and should   | permission to      | are        |
| items from PARS    | be kept out  | reproduce the      | copyright  |
|                    | of public    | ITERS and FCCERS   | protected  |
| 7B. Family Child   | view         | for use in the     | and should |
| Care Observation   |              | study. The         | be kept    |
| Instrument:        |              | permission will be | from       |
| Includes FCCERS-R, |              | limited to use of  | public     |
| items from PARS    |              | the scales for the | view.      |
|                    |              | study and will NOT |            |
|                    |              | permit placement   |            |
|                    |              | of the scales in   |            |
|                    |              | the public domain. |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 8A. Center         | All items    | See above          | These two  |
| Interview w/       | are          |                    | i          |
| Observation:       | copyrighted  |                    | nstruments |
|                    | and should   |                    | are        |
| 8B. Family CC      | be kept out  |                    | copyright  |
| interview w/       | of public    |                    | protected  |
| Observation        | view         |                    | and should |
|                    |              |                    | be kept    |
|                    |              |                    | from       |
|                    |              |                    | public     |
|                    |              |                    | view.      |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 9\. PITC Training  | No           | NA                 |            |
| Evaluation         | copyrighted  |                    |            |
|                    | items        |                    |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 10\. Parent        | Items 27-30  | We are in the      | The        |
| follow-up          | from the     | process of         | current    |
| questionnaire      | Problem      | purchasing these   | submitted  |
| w/child measures   | Behavior     | copyrighted        | instrument |
| including:         | Scale,       | measures, which    | includes   |
| Positive behavior  | MacArthur    | includes obtaining | several    |
| and problem        | CDI, and     | permission to use  | c          |
| behavior scales;   | HOME are     | the copyrighted    | opyrighted |
| MacArthur          | copyrighted  | items for the      | items, so  |
| Communicative      | and should   | study; this        | please do  |
| Development        | be kept out  | permission will be | not place  |
| Inventory (short   | of the       | limited as for the | in public  |
| form);plus brief   | public view. | ITERS and FCCERS   | view.      |
| parenting measure  |              | above.             |            |
| from HOME          |              |                    |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 11\. In-person     | The BSITD is | Survey Research    | This       |
| child measures     | copyrighted  | Management (SRM)   | measure    |
| 1^st^ round using  | and should   | will be purchasing | cannot be  |
| Bayley Scale of    | be kept out  | copies of the      | submitted  |
| Infant and Toddler | of public    | measure for        | elect      |
| Development        | view.        | administration in  | ronically. |
| (BSITD, short      |              | 2008. Permission   | The        |
| form)              |              | to use the         | current    |
|                    |              | measures will be   | file       |
|                    |              | obtained in the    | includes a |
|                    |              | process of         | d          |
|                    |              | purchasing the     | escription |
|                    |              | kits. Permission   | of the     |
|                    |              | will be limited to | measure,   |
|                    |              | use of the measure | not the    |
|                    |              | for the study.     | actual     |
|                    |              |                    | measure.   |
|                    |              |                    | (No        |
|                    |              |                    | c          |
|                    |              |                    | opyrighted |
|                    |              |                    | material   |
|                    |              |                    | is         |
|                    |              |                    | included)  |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+
| 12\. In-person     | The Woodcock | Same as above for  | Same as    |
| child measures     | Johnson and  | the BSITD.         | above for  |
| 2^nd^ round using  | PPVT are     |                    | the BSITD. |
| Woodcock Johnson   | copyrighted  |                    |            |
| Psycho-Ed Battery  | and should   |                    |            |
| and Peabody        | be kept out  |                    |            |
| Picture Vocabulary | of public    |                    |            |
| Test (PPVT)        | view         |                    |            |
+--------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------+

**3. Use of Improved Information Technology to Reduce Burden**

The respondents for this study, who include small, home-based child care
programs and parents of varied backgrounds, may not have ready access to
technology; hence, most data will be collected through paper-and-pencil
questionnaires and telephone and in-person interviewing. However, we are
considering on-line administration for center director and caregiver
questionnaires.

**4. Efforts to Identify and Avoid Duplication**

Limited data on child care program characteristics, such as licensed
capacity and addresses, are available through state databases and these
will be extracted for the study. Other needed data are not available
other than through the data collection activities proposed for this
study. These include data on caregiver backgrounds, child care programs'
environment and practices, and children's development.

**5. Efforts to Minimize Burden on Small Businesses or Other Entities**

Child care programs participating in the study will include nonprofit
organizations and small for-profit businesses. We will limit burden on
these entities by: 1) collecting only those data that are essential to
meeting the goals of the study; 2) collecting much of the data through
unobtrusive observation; 3) compensating child care providers for their
time spent in providing data for the study.

**6. Consequences if the Information is Not Collected or is Collected
Less Frequently**

In the absence of this study it would be difficult for REL West to carry
out its responsibility under the authorizing legislation; in particular,
it would be unable to meet the REL mission of serving the high-priority
educational needs of the region using rigorous studies.

**7. Special Circumstances**

This information collection will not be conducted in a manner that will
require using any special circumstances.

**8. Federal Register Comments and Persons Consulted Outside the
Agency**

The notice was published on October 26,2006 on page 62589 of the Federal
Register. To date, no public comments have been received.

Lead researchers for the study have consulted on the content, form and
frequency of data collection with staff of the Program for Infant and
Toddler Care in California and Arizona, with members of the Western
Regional Laboratory Technical Work Group, and with the Institutional
Review Boards of the University of Texas at Austin and Berkeley Policy
Associates.

**9. Payments to Respondents**

Study participants will be paid as follows:

-   **Programs:** For child care centers, we will provide a \$15 gift
    card per classroom (a maximum of two classrooms per center will be
    included) to each program that returns the completed packet of
    caregiver and parent informed consent forms within two weeks. A
    completed packet will include a minimum of two caregiver forms per
    classroom and three to six (depending on classroom size) parent
    forms per classroom. For family child care homes, we will provide a
    \$15 gift card for each home that submits completed informed consent
    forms from all parents of enrolled children under the age of
    twenty-four months. Again, all forms are counted, including those
    that indicate refusal to participate. **All parent forms are counted
    including those that indicate refusal to participate.**

-   **Caregivers/Teachers:** Each individual caregiver will receive \$25
    merchandise gift cards for each questionnaire completed (one in 2007
    and another in 2008).

-   **Families:** Families will receive \$10 merchandise gift cards
    after completion of a consent form with a baseline questionnaire and
    \$50 after each in-person research session (one in 2008 and another
    in 2009).

The purpose of these payments is to offset respondent burden and to help
sustain respondents' cooperation with the study. Similar payments have
been used in comparable studies conducted by members of the research
team. In the Milwaukee Family Study (also called the New Hope Study),
conducted by the Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation and the
University of Texas with SRM Boulder, parents were compensated \$50 for
participation in each parent-child interview session, and children over
the age of six were given gift coupons worth \$15-\$20.

Caregivers in the program group who complete all requirements of the
PITC training will receive professional growth compensation in the form
of either academic units, or \$350 in the form of cash or resource
materials. This compensation is part of the PITC intervention and is not
specifically related to participation in the study.

**10. Assurances of Confidentiality**

Berkeley Policy Associates follows the confidentiality and data
protection requirements of IES (The Education Sciences Reform Act of
2002, Title I, Part E, Section 183). Berkeley Policy Associates will
protect the confidentiality of all information collected for the study
and will use it for research purposes only. No information that
identifies any study participant will be released. Information from
participating institutions and respondents will be presented at
aggregate levels in reports. Information on respondents will be linked
to their institution but not to any individually identifiable
information. No individually identifiable information will be maintained
by the study team. All institution-level identifiable information will
be kept in secured locations and identifiers will be destroyed as soon
as they are no longer required. Berkeley Policy Associates obtain signed
NCEE Affidavits of Nondisclosure from all employees, subcontractors, and
consultants that may have access to this data and submits them to our
NCEE COR.

In addition, Berkeley Policy Associates, the University of Texas at
Austin, and SRM Boulder all implement data security policies and
programs. Data security protections for this study receive continuing
review by the Institutional Review Boards of Berkeley Policy Associates
and the University of Texas at Austin. Informed consent forms have been
developed with input from these Boards, and approval from both the
University of Texas IRB and Berkeley Policy Associates' IRB (Independent
Review Consulting) has been granted.

Below is an overview of Berkeley Policy Associates' Data Security
Policy:

**Policies for Class 1 Data (Confidential data, with identifying
information) are:**

> \(1\) Can never leave BPA premises.
>
> \(2\) Always kept in a secure place.
>
> \(3\) Only authorized persons can access and use.
>
> \(4\) Must be properly disposed of or transferred.

######### Exhibit 2. Procedures for Handling Class 1 Data

+------------+--------------------------------+------------------------+
|            | **Electronic Data**            | **Paper Data**         |
+============+================================+========================+
| Receipt    | -   Notify office manager if   | -   Catalogue all data |
| and        |     expecting to receive       |     received           |
| tracking   |     confidential data          |                        |
| of Class 1 |                                | -   Notify office      |
| materials  | -   Catalogue all data         |     manager if         |
|            |     received                   |     expecting to       |
|            |                                |     receive            |
|            |                                |     confidential data  |
+------------+--------------------------------+------------------------+
| Can never  | -   Must work on BPA premises  | -   Must work on site  |
| leave BPA  |     with these data (working   |     at BPA with these  |
| premises   |     from home/during business  |     data               |
|            |     trip is not permitted)     |                        |
+------------+--------------------------------+------------------------+
| Create     | -   Strip                      |                        |
| separate   |     individual-identifying     |                        |
| working    |     information for analysis   |                        |
| analysis   |     files, which can then be   |                        |
| file       |     stored in access-limited   |                        |
|            |     folders on BPA's LAN       |                        |
+------------+--------------------------------+------------------------+
| Always     | -   On data server or in       | -   Locked cabinet in  |
| kept in a  |     locked cabinet in locked   |     a locked room      |
| secure     |     server room (CD or other   |                        |
| place      |     disk media)                | -   Must not be left   |
|            |                                |     in public view (on |
|            | -   Must not be left           |     desk or in         |
|            |     unattended in public view  |     common-use areas)  |
|            |     (e.g. on desk or screen)   |                        |
|            |                                |                        |
|            | -   May not be stored on       |                        |
|            |     laptop                     |                        |
+------------+--------------------------------+------------------------+
| Only       | -   Limit access to the data   | -   Key to locked      |
| authorized |     server by use of passwords |     cabinet to be kept |
| persons    |                                |     securely by        |
| can access | -   The minimum number of      |     authorized persons |
| and use    |     people who absolutely need |                        |
|            |     to use the data should be  | -   The minimum number |
|            |     given access               |     of people who      |
|            |                                |     absolutely need to |
|            |                                |     use the data       |
|            |                                |     should be given    |
|            |                                |     access             |
+------------+--------------------------------+------------------------+
| Must be    | -   Update catalogue whenever  | -   Update catalogue   |
| properly   |     data are disposed of or    |     whenever data are  |
| disposed   |     transferred                |     disposed of or     |
| of or      |                                |     transferred        |
| t          | -   Mail data in a password    |                        |
| ransferred |     protected and/or encrypted | -   When mailing,      |
|            |     form on an unmarked        |     require recipient  |
|            |     diskette and CD            |     and delivery       |
|            |                                |     verification.      |
|            | -   Require recipient and      |                        |
|            |     delivery verification.     | -   Shred any paper    |
|            |                                |     with confidential  |
|            | -   If absolutely necessary to |     data before        |
|            |     transfer via email or      |     disposing          |
|            |     internet, create           |                        |
|            |     encrypted,                 |                        |
|            |     password-protected files;  |                        |
|            |     transmit password verbally |                        |
|            |     (by phone). Do not include |                        |
|            |     password in email!         |                        |
+------------+--------------------------------+------------------------+

**Policies for Class 2 (Proprietary data and documents that are not
Class 1) are:**

> \(1\) Only authorized persons can access and use.
>
> \(2\) Must be used and stored under responsible person\'s oversight.
> Must not be left in public view (e.g. sitting out on a desk, open on
> computer monitor).

Consent forms for the study are attached. The forms and all data
collection instruments include the following language regarding
confidentiality:

"Responses to this data collection will be used only for statistical
purposes. The reports prepared for this study will summarize findings
across the sample and will not associate responses with a specific
program or individual. We will not provide information that identifies
you or your program/family to anyone outside the study team, except as
required by law."

**11. Justifications for Questions of a Sensitive Nature**

The questions do not address highly sensitive topics such as those
identified. However, the data collection includes observations of and
interviews with young children; and children's language, social, and
cognitive skills will be assessed. Therefore, the study is subject to
oversight by the Institutional Review Boards of Berkeley Policy
Associates and the University of Texas at Austin. These Boards ensure
the necessary procedures for human subjects protections. Informed
consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to data
collection and random assignment. Informed consent forms are attached.

**12. Estimate of Information Collection Burden**

######### Estimates of annual number of responses and burden hours for each data collection activity are provided in Exhibit 3. Note that the number of years for data collection activities is 3.

######### 

######### Exhibit 3. Burden Estimate for Each Data Collection Activity

+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **A**       | **B**       | **C** | **D** | **E** | **F** | **G** |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **R       | > **Data    | *     | **Av  | *     | **A   | **A   |
| espondent** | >           | *Time | erage | *Freq | nnual | nnual |
|             |  Collection | B     | A     | uency | N     | Hour  |
|             | > Activity  | urden | nnual | of    | umber | Bu    |
|             | > or Form** | Per   | N     | Data  | of    | rden* |
|             |             | Form  | umber | Co    | Respo | *[^2] |
|             |             | or    | of    | llect | nses* |       |
|             |             | Se    | Res   | ion** | *[^1] |       |
|             |             | ssion | ponde |       |       |       |
|             |             | (in   | nts** |       |       |       |
|             |             | minut |       |       |       |       |
|             |             | es)** |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Center      | 1A.Child    | 20    | 30    | 1     | 30    | 10    |
| Directors   | Care        |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Provider    |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Screening   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Interv      |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | iew-Centers |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Family      | 1B. Child   | 20    | 50    | 2     | 100   | 33    |
| Child Care  | Care        |       |       |       |       |       |
| Owners or   | Provider    |       |       |       |       |       |
| Directors   | Screening   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Inter       |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | view-Family |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Child Care  |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Programs    |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Parents     | 2\. Parent  | 20    | 313   | 1     | 313   | 104   |
|             | baseline    |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | qu          |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | estionnaire |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Center      | 3\. Center  | 20    | 30    | 2     | 60    | 20    |
| Directors   | Director    |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | qu          |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | estionnaire |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Center      | 4\. Center  | 30    | 150   | 2     | 300   | 150   |
| Director    | Caregiver   |       |       |       |       |       |
| and         | Qu          |       |       |       |       |       |
| Caregivers  | estionnaire |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | (Directors+ |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | 4caregivers |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | per         |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | cente       |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | r=5x90=450) |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Family      | 5\. Family  | 30    | 83    | 2     | 166   | 83    |
| Child Care  | Caregiver   |       |       |       |       |       |
| Owners or   | Qu          |       |       |       |       |       |
| Directors   | estionnaire |       |       |       |       |       |
| and         | (Direc      |       |       |       |       |       |
| Caregivers  | tor/Owner+1 |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | additional  |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | caregiver   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | in 2/3 of   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | programs=1  |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | 50+100=250) |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Center and  | 6           | 20    | 167   | 1     | 167   | 56    |
| Family      | .Individual |       |       |       |       |       |
| Caregivers  | Child Form  |       |       |       |       |       |
| identified  | for         |       |       |       |       |       |
| as primary  | Caregiver   |       |       |       |       |       |
| caregivers  | (about 150  |       |       |       |       |       |
| for         | fcc         |       |       |       |       |       |
| pa          | caregivers  |       |       |       |       |       |
| rticipating | and 350     |       |       |       |       |       |
| children    | center      |       |       |       |       |       |
| (estimate   | caregivers) |       |       |       |       |       |
| of 150 fcc  |             |       |       |       |       |       |
| caregivers  |             |       |       |       |       |       |
| and 350     |             |       |       |       |       |       |
| center      |             |       |       |       |       |       |
| caregivers) |             |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| N/A         | 7A. Center  | 0     |       |       |       |       |
|             | Observation |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Instrument  |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **A**       | **B**       | **C** | **D** | **E** | **F** | **G** |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **R       | > **Data    | *     | **Av  | *     | **A   | **A   |
| espondent** | >           | *Time | erage | *Freq | nnual | nnual |
|             |  Collection | B     | A     | uency | N     | Hour  |
|             | > Activity  | urden | nnual | of    | umber | B     |
|             | > or Form** | Per   | N     | Data  | of    | urden |
|             |             | Form  | umber | Co    | Resp  | ^2^** |
|             |             | or    | of    | llect | onses |       |
|             |             | Se    | Res   | ion** | ^1^** |       |
|             |             | ssion | ponde |       |       |       |
|             |             | (in   | nts** |       |       |       |
|             |             | minut |       |       |       |       |
|             |             | es)** |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| N/A         | 7B. Family  | 0     |       |       |       |       |
|             | Child Care  |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Observation |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Instrument  |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Center      | 8A. Center  | 30    | 30    | 2     | 60    | 30    |
| Directors   | Interview   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | w/          |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Observation |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Family      | 8B. Family  | 30    | 50    | 2     | 100   | 50    |
| Child Care  | CC          |       |       |       |       |       |
| Dir         | interview   |       |       |       |       |       |
| ector/Owner | w/          |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | Observation |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| All         | 9\. PITC    | 15    | 117   | 4     | 468   | 117   |
| caregivers  | Training    |       |       |       |       |       |
| and         | Evaluation  |       |       |       |       |       |
| direc       | (directors  |       |       |       |       |       |
| tors/owners | and         |       |       |       |       |       |
| in          | caregivers  |       |       |       |       |       |
| treatment   | in          |       |       |       |       |       |
| programs    | treatment   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | p           |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | rogs=5x90/2 |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | +250/2=350) |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Parents     | 10\. Parent | 30    | 313   | 2     | 626   | 313   |
|             | follow-up   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | qu          |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | estionnaire |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Parents     | 11\.        | 60    | 313   | 1     | 313   | 313   |
| (w/child)   | In-person   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | child       |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | measures    |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | 1st         |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | follow-up   |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Parents     | 12\.        | 60    | 313   | 1     | 313   | 313   |
| (w/child)   | In-person   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | child       |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | measures    |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | 2nd         |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | follow-up   |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Child       | 11\.        | 60    | 313   | 1     | 313   | 313   |
|             | In-person   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | child       |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | measures    |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | 1st         |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | follow-up   |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Child       | 12\.        | 60    | 313   | 1     | 313   | 313   |
|             | In-person   |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | child       |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | measures    |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | 2nd         |       |       |       |       |       |
|             | follow-up   |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Provider    |             |       |       |       | 1451  | 549   |
| Total       |             |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Parent      |             |       |       |       | 1565  | 1,043 |
| Total       |             |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Child Total |             |       |       |       | 626   | 626   |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| **GRAND     | ** **       | ** ** | ** ** | ** ** | **3   | **2   |
| TOTAL**     |             |       |       |       | 642** | 218** |
+-------------+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

\*The unduplicated numbers of person respondents in this study are 700
child care providers, 940 parents, and 940 children, for a total of
2,580 person-respondents.

In order to explain the study to providers and to distribute informed
consent forms for all relevant staff and parents, we are inviting child
care center directors and family child care meetings. director/owners
who complete the screening interview to attend an in-person meeting to
be scheduled in their local areas. Exhibit 4 presents the estimated
annual respondent burden for these meetings.

**Exhibit 4. Burden Estimate For Recruitment Meetings**

+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| > **Task    | > **N | > *   | > **  | >     | > **  | > **A | > **A |
| /Respondent | umber | *Freq | Total |  **Me | Total | nnual | nnual |
| > Group**   | > of  | uency | > N   | eting | >     | > N   | >     |
|             | > Res | > of  | umber | >     |  Hour | umber |  Hour |
|             | ponde | >     | > of  |  Time | > B   | > of  | > Bu  |
|             | nts** | Activ | > R   | > Per | urden | >     | rden* |
|             |       | ity** | espon | > Res | > (in | Respo | *[^4] |
|             |       |       | ses** | ponse | > hou | nses* |       |
|             |       |       |       | > (in | rs)** | *[^3] |       |
|             |       |       |       | > hou |       |       |       |
|             |       |       |       | rs)** |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Recruitm    | 90    | 1     | 90    | 1     | 90    | 30    | 30    |
| ent/Gaining |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Cooperat    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| ion---Child |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Care Center |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Directors   |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Recruitm    | 150   | 1     | 150   | 1     | 150   | 50    | 50    |
| ent/Gaining |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Cooperati   |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| on---Family |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Child Care  |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
| Providers   |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| TOTAL       | 240   | 1     | 240   | 1     | 240   | 80    | 80    |
| Recruitment |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+-------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

The estimated total annual number of responses and hour/cost burden for
all data collection and recruitment activities is presented in Exhibit
5.

**13. Estimate of Total Annual Cost Burden**

There are no direct start-up costs to respondents other than their time
to participate in the study, as estimated above. Estimations of the
value of participation time for each respondent group, and for the study
as a whole, are presented in Exhibit 5 below.

**Exhibit 5. Annual Number of Responses and Hour/Cost Burden by Task and
Total**

  ---------------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ --------------
  **Task/Respondent      **Annual      **Annual     **Hourly     **Annual Cost
  Group**                Number of     Hour         Rate**[^5]   Burden**
                         Responses**   Burden**                  

  Recruitment/Gaining    30            30.0         \$18         \$540
  Cooperation---Child                                            
  Care Center Directors                                          

                                                                 

  Recruitment/Gaining    50            50.0         \$8          \$400
  Cooperation---Family                                           
  Child Care Providers                                           

                                                                 

  **TOTAL Recruitment**  **80**        **80.0**                  **\$940**

  Child Care Provider    270           105.0        \$18         \$1,890
  Data                                                           
  Collection---Center                                            
  Directors                                                      

  Child Care Provider    598           219.0        \$11         \$2,409
  Data                                                           
  Collection---Center                                            
  Caregivers/Teachers                                            

  Child Care Provider    583           225.0        \$8          \$1,800
  Data                                                           
  Collection---Family                                            
  Child Care Providers                                           

  **TOTAL Provider Data  **1,451**     **549.0**                 **\$6,099**
  Collection**                                                   

  Parent Data Collection 1,565         1,043.0      \$22         \$22,946
  (including time with                                           
  child)                                                         

  Child Data Collection  626           626.0        \--           

  **TOTAL Parent-Child   **2,191**     **1669.0**                **\$22,946**
  Data Collection**                                              

  **TOTAL All Tasks**    **3,722**     **2298.0**                **\$29,985**
  ---------------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ --------------

**14. Estimates of Annualized Costs to the Federal Government**

Total budget for the Study of the PITC is \$2,947,767. The approximate
budget for each year is as follows:

July 2006-December 2006: \$309,261

January 2007-December 2007: \$635,885

January 2008-December 2008 \$1,069,366

January 2009-December 2009 \$665,195

January 2010-August 2010 \$268,059

The average annual cost per year (for 3 years) is \$982,589.

15. **Change in Reporting Burden**

The change of total 2,298 annual burden hours reflects new data
collection.

**16. Plans for Tabulation and Reporting**

Exhibit 6. Study of PITC: Reporting Schedule

+--------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
| #### Product             | First Draft       | Final Draft           |
| {#product .Level-1-of-4} | Submission Date   | Submission Date       |
+--------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
| Interim Report           | April 2009        | June 2009             |
+--------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
| Final Technical Report   | May 2010          | July 2010             |
+--------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
| Final Non-Technical      | Aug 2010          | Sept 2010             |
| Report                   |                   |                       |
+--------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
| Web Version of           |                   | Sept 2010             |
| Non-Technical Report     |                   |                       |
+--------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------+
| Journal Article          | TBD               | TBD                   |
+--------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------+

# 

The impact analysis will describe post-random assignment differences
between the program and control groups in five distinct areas: (1) the
receipt of training, support, and technical assistance, (2) caregiver
understanding/ attitude towards the development and needs of infants and
toddlers, (3) program/caregiver practice and environment, (4) child
development, and (5) parenting. The first of these is to describe the
treatment contrast, answering the question of how much the PITC program
adds to the existing program and training infrastructure available to
those providing care to infants and toddlers. The second describes how
the PITC training changes the way providers and their staff regard the
developmental needs of young children and their own role in meeting
these needs. This is the most immediate outcome of the training provided
by PITC. Next, the impact analysis documents whether improvements in
staff understanding and expressed commitment translate into observable
changes in how staff interact with children and the quality of the
environment in which the children receive care. Factor analysis will be
used to consolidate different measures and capture distinct dimensions
of child care quality, such as caregiver quality and quality of
environment/materials. The fourth step documents the extent to which
impacts on training, understanding, and practice translate into better
cognitive, language, and socio-emotional child outcomes. Finally, the
fifth step describes whether and how parents are affected by PITC,
either directly through their interaction with child care providers or
indirectly through their children.

Given the underlying experimental nature of the data, the impact
analyses will be very straightforward. They will be multi-level
regression analyses in which each outcome variable is regressed on a
dummy variable measuring experimental status (1 for the program group
and 0 for controls) and a small set of child- and program-level baseline
covariates. The child-level analyses will be conducted with HLM software
or PROC MIXED in SAS to account for the multi-level nature of the data
and the clustering of child observations within providers. The
provider-level analyses will be simple single-level regressions, with
each observation weighted to account for the uneven distribution of
children across providers. Given the purposive nature of the sample
selection (see discussion of sample selection below), we do not plan to
formally generalize our findings beyond our data. Because of this, we
are not planning to conduct any random effects estimation and will
assume that all parameters are estimated as fixed effects.

Subgroup analyses will be conducted across a number of different
dimensions, including region, provider type, child age and primary
language, and various levels of baseline program assessment. For
example, we will explore whether providers with weaker preparation (less
previous training, education, and experience) to provide high quality
care at baseline experience greater benefits from PITC than providers
with stronger preparation at baseline. However, due to the clustered
nature of the data, there are significant limitations to these subgroup
analyses. Individual subgroup estimates at the provider level will have
limited statistical power and there will be very little power to
establish whether differences in impacts across subgroups are
statistically different from one another. Thus, we will likely only be
able to identify large differences across providers, such as a case in
which one group of providers experiences no impacts at all and all
impacts are concentrated within a second group of providers.

There will be more statistical power for within-provider subgroup
analyses. We will disaggregate child impacts by age, language, and
gender and by other baseline variables such as parental background
variables.

All subgroup analyses will be conducted with fully interacted regression
models, in which the program dummy and all the baseline covariates are
interacted with the subgroup variable. Estimating such a model isolates
the specific interaction effect of interest from other potential
interaction effects with other baseline variables. At the program level
we may have to reduce the number of baseline covariates in these
analyses to preserve degrees of freedom.

Exhibits 7 and 8 below illustrate the overall study timeline and the
timeline for two waves of recruitment and data collection.

Exhibit 7. Overview of Study Timeline

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>June 06- Apr 07</td>
<td>Mar 07 – May 07</td>
<td>Apr 07- May 07</td>
<td>June 07-Aug 07</td>
<td>July 07 – Sept 07</td>
<td>Aug 07 - Nov 08</td>
<td>June 08- Sept 08</td>
<td>Dec 08-June 09</td>
<td>Jun 09 – Sept 09</td>
<td>Nov 09-Sept 10</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Revise Study Plan, Develop Measures and Data Collection
Instru­ments</p>
<p>IRB and OMB sub­missions</p></td>
<td><p>Train Recruiters</p>
<p>Refine Program and Train Trainers</p></td>
<td>Train Data Col­lection Staff</td>
<td>Participant Recruit­ment, Screening, Informed Consent (In Waves)</td>
<td>Baseline Data Collectionand Random Assign­ment (In Waves)</td>
<td>Program Implemen­tation (In waves)</td>
<td><p>1<sup>st</sup> Child Assess­ments, 2<sup>nd</sup> Program
Assess­ments, Other Follow-Up Data Collection</p>
<p>(In Waves)</p></td>
<td>Interim Analysis, Interim Report</td>
<td>2<sup>nd</sup> Child Assess­ments (In Waves)</td>
<td>Final Analysis and Reports</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Exhibit 8. Study of PITC: Waves for Recruitment, Random Assignment,

**Data Collection, and Program Implementation**

2007

+-------+-------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
|       | Pr    | Recruitment,      | Baseline Data | Program         |
|       | ogram | Screening,        | Collection    | Implementation  |
|       | N     | Informed Consent  | (including    | (approx)        |
|       |       |                   | baseline      |                 |
|       |       |                   | program       |                 |
|       |       |                   | o             |                 |
|       |       |                   | bservations), |                 |
|       |       |                   | and Random    |                 |
|       |       |                   | Assignment    |                 |
+-------+-------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
| ####  |       |                   |               | ########        |
| ####  |       |                   |               |                 |
| Calif |       |                   |               |                 |
| ornia |       |                   |               |                 |
+-------+-------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
| Wave  | 60\*  | June 07           | July 07       | Aug 07 - Nov 08 |
| 1     |       |                   |               |                 |
+-------+-------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
| Wave  | 60    | July 07 - Aug 07  | Aug 07 - Sept | Sept 07 - Dec   |
| 2     |       |                   | 07            | 08              |
+-------+-------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
| #     |       |                   |               | ########        |
| ##### |       |                   |               |                 |
| ## Ar |       |                   |               |                 |
| izona |       |                   |               |                 |
+-------+-------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
| Wave  | 60    | June 07           | July 07       | Aug 07 - Nov 08 |
| 1     |       |                   |               |                 |
+-------+-------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
| Wave  | 60    | July 07 - Aug 07  | Aug 07 - Sept | Sept 07 - Dec   |
| 2     |       |                   | 07            | 08              |
+-------+-------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
| TOTAL | 240   |                   |               |                 |
+-------+-------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+

\*Each wave of 60 includes about 22 centers and 38 family child care
homes (4-7 family child care groups). The total sample of 240 includes
about 150 family child care homes and 90 centers.

2008

  -------- --------------------------------------------------------------
           **1^st^ Child Outcome Measures, 2^nd^ Program Observations,
           and Other Follow-Up Data Collection**

  Wave 1   June08- July08

  Wave 2   Aug 08-Sept 08
  -------- --------------------------------------------------------------

2009

  -------- --------------------------------------------------------------
           **2^nd^ Child Outcome Measures**

  Wave 1   June09- July 09

  Wave 2   Aug09-Sept 09
  -------- --------------------------------------------------------------

**17. Display of Expiration Date for OMB Approval**

We do not seek approval to not display the expiration date for OMB
approval.

**18. Exceptions**

We are able to certify compliance with each of the provisions.

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[^1]: F=D\*E.

[^2]: G=(C\*F)/60.

[^3]: Annual number of responses = Total number of responses / 3.

[^4]: Annual hour burden = Total hour burden / 3.

[^5]: Based on wage data for 2005 found at
    [http://www.bls.gov](http://www.bls.gov/), with adjustment for
    inflation.