**8.0 Jamaica**

**8.1 Overview**![](media/image1.wmf){width="0.38958333333333334in"
height="0.24722222222222223in"}

Located 90 miles south of Cuba and just over one hour by plane from
Miami, Jamaica is the largest English-speaking nation in the Caribbean.
Its key economic sectors include bauxite and tourism, with aluminum and
bauxite account for over half of all exports. Over the past five years
Jamaica has experienced weak economic growth. In 1996, GDP showed
negative growth (-1.4 percent) and remained negative through 1999. In
2000 GDP growth was 0.2%. Jamaica\'s medium-term prospects depend on the
Government's fiscal policy and effectiveness in encouraging investment
and competitiveness in productive sectors, among other factors.

The United States is a major exporter of food products to Jamaica,
supplying around 50 percent of all food and beverage imports in 2000,
according to USDA. The country's food imports are expected to increase
in the near term, as the economic shift from the productive to the
service sectors (especially tourism) continues.

**8.1a Demographics**

In July 2001, Jamaica's population was estimated at 2.7 million. In
addition to the local population, Jamaica attracts over 2 million
tourists each year. In 2000, there were 2.2 million visitors to Jamaica,
consisting of 1.3 million overnight visitors and 907,000 cruise ship
passengers. Jamaica remains one of the premier destinations for US
tourists. In 2000, US visitors accounted for 71 percent of total tourist
arrivals. According to USDA, total expenditures on food and beverages in
the Jamaican tourism market were estimated at US\$85 million in 2000.

**8.1b Consumption**

Total consumption of food and beverages in Jamaica's non-tourism market
was estimated by USDA at US\$1.8 billion in 2000, down from US\$2.2
billion in 1999 and US\$2.4 billion in 1998. Consumption is expected to
remain around US\$1.7 billion over the next few years.

Poultry is the primary variety of meat consumed in the Jamaican diet.
White poultry meat is especially popular as it is perceived to be
healthier than other meats. The price of white poultry meat over the
years has remained competitive with other meats. Given high inflation
levels, a weak dollar and decreasing purchasing power, consumer
purchasing decisions are highly influenced by price. The price of whole
chickens (local) and chicken necks and backs (imported) have tended to
be consistently lower in Jamaica than pork and beef alternatives.

While sources indicate that Jamaican consumption of steaks and other
beef cuts is low compared with poultry products, certain beef-based
products have become mainstream diet staples. These include canned
corned beef and the popular beef "patties" which are minced meat pies
similar to Spanish empanadas. The canned meats sections of supermarkets
are full of many local and US brands of corned beef such as Grace,
Delite, Nupak and Libby's. Most of these are produced and packed in
Brazil and to a lesser extent Argentina. Most patties, by contrast, are
purchased from bakeries, special meat patty stores and street vendors.

Pork is also popular in Jamaica, although its consumption is not
accurately captured in official statistics. Jamaican Ministry of
Agriculture officials note that it is difficult to record actual swine
production and consumption levels, as most rural Jamaican families tend
to rear swine for home consumption.

Seasonally, Christmas is the busiest time of the year for all meat
products, especially ham, chicken and turkey. Processed meats tend to
sell well during the summer holidays as they offer a convenient
lunchtime option for families with children. The National Independence
holiday weekend in early August provides another opportunity for strong
meat sales.

Jamaican food preferences are strongly influenced by US trends, aided by
the expanding viewer ship of cable TV and travel to the US. Healthier
food products are growing in popularity among middle and upper-income
consumers. Local supermarkets are well-stocked with US products catering
to health conscious consumers such as Hormel's Spam Lite and Butterball
's 97% fat free turkey ham. Most local meat manufacturers have yet to
begin offering such products, although Grace Kennedy (one of the largest
local meat processors) has recently added "chicken bacon" to their line
of pork-based products (produced and packed for Grace in the US).

**8.2 Domestic Production and Processing**

The Jamaican livestock industry is dominated by poultry production,
followed by beef and swine. The local meat processing industry provides
a market for these livestock producers and supplies the bulk of
locally-consumed whole and processed chicken and pork products. Most
fresh and processed beef products consumed in Jamaica are imported.

**8.2a Production**

![](media/image2.wmf){width="4.6875in"
height="2.861111111111111in"}Jamaican chicken production increased 40
percent from 1996 to 2000. Jamaican production of other meat varieties
has been static in recent years.

**• Poultry** -- Jamaica's poultry industry is centered on chicken, with
sporadic production of turkey and duck. The industry continues to grow
as a result of strong consumer demand for chicken meat, around 60
percent of which is satisfied through local production. The remainder,
consisting of chicken necks and backs, is mainly imported from the US.
Local consumption has been aided by the presence of fast food chains
such as KFC and McDonalds.

**• Pork** -- Although official statistics show static levels of
Jamaican pork production, the actual figure is likely under-reported.
This is due to small-scale swine rearing in rural areas that goes
unreported.

**• Beef** -- The Jamaican beef industry is currently in decline. Two
major problems currently faced by beef producers include high
operational costs and declining returns. The relatively high cost of
beef production (versus that of chicken or pork) has negatively impacted
Jamaican beef consumption, and the future of the industry is presently
unclear.

**8.2b Processing**

There are a number of important companies in the Jamaican meat
processing industry along with a few smaller producers of value-added
meat products:

**• Grace Kennedy & Company** -- The *Grace* brand is a household name
in Jamaica, and includes a wide range of processed food products (some
of which are manufactured outside Jamaica) such as frozen and canned
chicken, pork and beef products.

**• Jamaica Broilers Group --** A major player in the meat processing
industry. Their *Best Dressed Chicken* brand was the market leader for
several years. The company manufactures a range of chicken products from
whole chickens to value-added items such as pre-seasoned and ready to
cook chicken packs.

**• Content Beef** -- A subsidiary of the Jamaica Broilers Group
producing smoked beef ham, smoked tongue, salt beef, etc. Also supplies
beef and chicken patties to Burger King in Jamaica and the Cayman
Islands.

**• Caribbean Broilers Group --** Another major player in the industry,
the *CB* line includes a range of fresh/chilled chicken products.

**• Copperwood --** A subsidiary of the Caribbean Broilers Group
processing a range of pork, chicken and beef products, including hams,
sausages, and bacon. The bulk of their sales are to hotels. The company
recently began a successful line of products for retail sale under the
*Caribbean Passion* label.

**• Pioneer Meats --** A medium-sized operation that produces pork and
chicken products -- primarily sausages, bacon and ham -- which are sold
at retail under the *Pioneer* brand.

**• Old McDonald's --** Another medium-sized operation producing pork
and chicken products similar to Pioneer under the *McDonald's* label.

**• Hamilton's** -- A small processor of salami and sausage.

**• The Smoke Shack** -- A small processor offering an interesting range
of chicken and pork sliced chilled meats.

**• 3Cs** -- A small processing operation supplying beef sausages.

**• Arosa --** A small manufacturer of sausages, salamis and similar
processed meats, primarily supplying the hotel trade.

**8.3 Imports**

Value-added poultry products have seen significant import growth in
Jamaica in recent years. Sources contend that this growth is primarily
due to the introduction of Con Agra (Butterball and Healthy Choice) and
Kraft (Louis Rich and Oscar Mayer) products. It was noted that the
potential of the poultry import market has yet to be fully realized, as
opportunities exist for introducing lower-priced brands that are more
affordable to the average consumer.

Processed pork products have also seen growth, while sausages and
processed beef products have remained fairly static.

**8.3a Import Volumes and Values**

![](media/image3.wmf){width="4.670833333333333in"
height="3.048611111111111in"}Official figures from the Statistical
Institute of Jamaica show only a 4 percent increase in overall import
volumes of processed meats from 1997 to 2000, from approximately 5,500
MTs in 1997 to 5,900 MTs in 2000. Corresponding import values declined
12 percent, from US\$14.6 million (cif) in 1997 to US \$12.9 million in
1999 (see tables below for individual categories). The decrease is
explained by the dominant position of Brazil in the market, and the
corresponding fall in the value of the Brazilian *real* over the period.

Processed poultry products increased significantly over the base year of
this period, from 109 MTs valued at US \$400,000 in 1997 to 319 MTs
valued at US \$1.0 million in 2000. Processed pork products increased
from 45 MTs valued at \$197,000 to 130 MTs valued at \$339,000.
Processed meat imports remained fairly static in volume terms, as did
imports of sausages.

**8.3b Country Suppliers**

**US** imports dominate in the categories of processed poultry and pork,
although the recorded value of imported **Canadian** processed pork
products is consistently higher than the US figure. Jamaica currently
bans imports of US pork products that are not hermetically sealed, thus
limiting US processed pork imports to products such as canned hams,
spam, and Vienna sausages.

US imports of processed beef were significantly lower than those from
major suppliers **Brazil** and **Argentina**, both of which supply large
volumes of corned beef to Jamaica. Sources indicate this is largest
processed beef import category.

The bulk of imported sausages come from two regional suppliers --
**Trinidad** and **Barbados**, followed at a distance by US imports.

**8.3c Import Statistics**

The following tables show Jamaican imports of processed meats by
category and supplier:

+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **Table   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 8.2:      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Jamaican  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Imports   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| of        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| S         |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| ausages** |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+===========+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+
| ** **     | **19 |      | **19 |      | **19 |      | **20 |      |
|           | 97** |      | 98** |      | 99** |      | 00** |      |
| ** **     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|           | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   |
|           | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ |
|           |      | c    |      | c    |      | c    |      | c    |
|           |      | if** |      | if** |      | if** |      | if** |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Trinidad  | 443  | 1    | 310  | 740  | 448  | 1    | 626  | 1    |
| & Tobago  | ,419 | ,072 | ,012 | ,228 | ,679 | ,074 | ,745 | ,447 |
|           |      | ,298 |      |      |      | ,434 |      | ,479 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Barbados  | 405  | 1    | 423  | 1    | 432  | 1    | 449  | 1    |
|           | ,399 | ,022 | ,042 | ,079 | ,057 | ,101 | ,922 | ,103 |
|           |      | ,575 |      | ,170 |      | ,264 |      | ,600 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| US        | 73   | 171  | 100  | 277  | 74   | 169  | 68   | 191  |
|           | ,814 | ,101 | ,805 | ,763 | ,892 | ,401 | ,296 | ,849 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Canada    | 62   | 86   | 90   | 128  | 82   | 120  | 23   | 46   |
|           | ,060 | ,492 | ,932 | ,562 | ,265 | ,970 | ,415 | ,907 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Denmark   | 720  | 3    | 342  | 1    |      |      | 642  | 3    |
|           |      | ,558 |      | ,662 |      |      |      | ,208 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Others    | 9    | 23   | 3    | 4    | 4    | 6    | 31   | 161  |
|           | ,410 | ,557 | ,676 | ,143 | ,896 | ,491 |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **Total** | **9  | *    | **9  | *    | *    | *    | *    | *    |
|           | 94,8 | *2,3 | 28,8 | *2,2 | *1,0 | *2,4 | *1,1 | *2,7 |
|           | 22** | 79,5 | 09** | 31,5 | 42,7 | 72,5 | 69,0 | 93,2 |
|           |      | 81** |      | 28** | 89** | 60** | 51** | 03** |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| *Source:  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| St        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| atistical |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Institute |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| of        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Jamaica*  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|           |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| *Includes |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| all       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| sausage   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| products  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (spicy,   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| sweet,    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| breakfast |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| links,    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| etc.)     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| made from |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| poultry,  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| pork or   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| beef.*    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **Table   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 8.3:      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Jamaican  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Imports   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| of        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Processed |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Poultry** |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+===========+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+
| ** **     | **19 |      | **19 |      | **19 |      | **20 |      |
|           | 97** |      | 98** |      | 99** |      | 00** |      |
| ** **     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|           | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   |
|           | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ |
|           |      | c    |      | c    |      | c    |      | c    |
|           |      | if** |      | if** |      | if** |      | if** |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| US        | 85   | 335  | 125  | 542  | 191  | 832  | 280  | 944  |
|           | ,612 | ,333 | ,050 | ,375 | ,463 | ,154 | ,101 | ,180 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| UK        |      |      |      |      | 363  | 1    | 17   | 80   |
|           |      |      |      |      |      | ,774 | ,686 | ,416 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Canada    | 2    | 10   | 35   | 70   | 10   | 26   | 12   | 39   |
|           | ,826 | ,789 | ,505 | ,160 | ,296 | ,716 | ,135 | ,958 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Barbados  | 2    | 6    | 10   | 32   | 7    | 21   | 7    | 21   |
|           | ,356 | ,428 | ,562 | ,114 | ,128 | ,409 | ,524 | ,946 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Denmark   | 979  | 3    | 408  | 2    | 1    | 5    | 839  | 4    |
|           |      | ,542 |      | ,092 | ,121 | ,757 |      | ,458 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Trinidad  | 718  | 2    | 1    | 4    | 2    | 5    | 820  | 2    |
| & Tobago  |      | ,416 | ,505 | ,226 | ,066 | ,286 |      | ,046 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Others    | 16   | 41   | 330  | 1    | 1    | 5    | 274  | 1    |
|           | ,154 | ,461 |      | ,235 | ,008 | ,191 |      | ,226 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **Total** | **1  | **3  | **1  | **6  | **2  | **8  | **3  | *    |
|           | 08,6 | 99,9 | 73,3 | 52,2 | 13,4 | 98,2 | 19,3 | *1,0 |
|           | 45** | 69** | 60** | 02** | 45** | 87** | 79** | 94,2 |
|           |      |      |      |      |      |      |      | 30** |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| *Source:  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| St        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| atistical |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Institute |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| of        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Jamaica*  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|           |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| *Includes |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| all       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| processed |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| chicken,  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| turkey,   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| and other |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| poultry   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| products  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| except    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| s         |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| ausages.* |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **Table   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 8.4:      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Jamaican  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Imports   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| of        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Processed |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Pork      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (         |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Including |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Mi        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| xtures)** |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+===========+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+
| ** **     | **19 |      | **19 |      | **19 |      | **20 |      |
|           | 97** |      | 98** |      | 99** |      | 00** |      |
| ** **     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|           | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   |
|           | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ |
|           |      | c    |      | c    |      | c    |      | c    |
|           |      | if** |      | if** |      | if** |      | if** |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| US        | 9    | 39   | 39   | 165  | 17   | 77   | 57   | 88   |
|           | ,455 | ,477 | ,326 | ,384 | ,929 | ,349 | ,283 | ,693 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Canada    | 22   | 105  | 90   | 272  | 59   | 143  | 49   | 168  |
|           | ,111 | ,135 | ,865 | ,057 | ,073 | ,805 | ,784 | ,801 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Barbados  | 5    | 17   | 11   | 37   | 24   | 71   | 16   | 49   |
|           | ,379 | ,214 | ,108 | ,618 | ,192 | ,183 | ,704 | ,827 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Denmark   | 5    | 27   | 888  | 3    | 4    | 25   | 5    | 28   |
|           | ,768 | ,172 |      | ,091 | ,996 | ,614 | ,318 | ,352 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Trinidad  | 890  | 2    | 2    | 6    | 2    | 7    | 410  | 1    |
| & Tobago  |      | ,619 | ,225 | ,559 | ,764 | ,756 |      | ,044 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Others    | 1    | 5    | 3    | 13   | 203  | 1    | 451  | 1    |
|           | ,845 | ,424 | ,833 | ,861 |      | ,070 |      | ,952 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **Total** | **   | **1  | **1  | **4  | **1  | **3  | **1  | **3  |
|           | 45,4 | 97,0 | 48,2 | 98,5 | 09,1 | 26,7 | 29,9 | 38,6 |
|           | 48** | 41** | 45** | 70** | 57** | 76** | 50** | 69** |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| *Source:  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| St        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| atistical |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Institute |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| of        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Jamaica*  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|           |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| *Includes |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| all       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| processed |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| pork      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| products  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| except    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| s         |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| ausages.* |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **Table   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| 8.5:      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Jamaican  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Imports   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| of        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Processed |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Beef**    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+===========+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+
| ** **     | **19 |      | **19 |      | **19 |      | **20 |      |
|           | 97** |      | 98** |      | 99** |      | 00** |      |
| ** **     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|           | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   | **   |
|           | kg** | US\$ | Kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ | kg** | US\$ |
|           |      | c    |      | c    |      | c    |      | c    |
|           |      | if** |      | if** |      | if** |      | if** |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Brazil    | 3    | 8    | 3    | 9    | 3    | 9    | 2    | 5    |
|           | ,308 | ,941 | ,538 | ,931 | ,915 | ,145 | ,421 | ,071 |
|           | ,084 | ,093 | ,678 | ,984 | ,993 | ,860 | ,842 | ,615 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Argentina | 566  | 1    | 146  | 425  | 208  | 554  | 957  | 1    |
|           | ,271 | ,651 | ,594 | ,700 | ,193 | ,443 | ,384 | ,905 |
|           |      | ,955 |      |      |      |      |      | ,633 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| US        | 176  | 508  | 249  | 658  | 553  | 1    | 410  | 905  |
|           | ,398 | ,606 | ,627 | ,641 | ,127 | ,330 | ,927 | ,187 |
|           |      |      |      |      |      | ,889 |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| France    |      |      |      |      |      |      | 394  | 620  |
|           |      |      |      |      |      |      | ,289 | ,535 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Italy     |      |      | 1    | 11   | 32   | 56   | 53   | 88   |
|           |      |      |      |      | ,179 | ,493 | ,020 | ,526 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Belize    |      |      |      |      |      |      | 16   | 66   |
|           |      |      |      |      |      |      | ,904 | ,015 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Canada    | 576  | 1    | 4    | 15   | 3    | 12   | 1    | 9    |
|           |      | ,050 | ,026 | ,621 |      |      | ,271 | ,630 |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Australia |      |      | 25   | 41   | 178  | 351  |      |      |
|           |      |      | ,024 | ,401 | ,120 | ,762 |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Thailand  |      |      |      |      | 16   | 37   |      |      |
|           |      |      |      |      | ,320 | ,744 |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Uruguay   | 158  | 336  | 70   | 171  |      |      |      |      |
|           | ,001 | ,343 | ,685 | ,321 |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Ne        |      |      | 34   | 93   |      |      |      |      |
| therlands |      |      | ,291 | ,551 |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Austria   | 89   | 187  |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|           | ,760 | ,055 |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Estonia   | 17   | 42   |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|           | ,136 | ,324 |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **Total** | *    | **   | *    | **   | *    | **   | *    | *    |
|           | *4,3 | 11,6 | *4,0 | 11,3 | *4,9 | 11,4 | *4,2 | *8,6 |
|           | 16,2 | 68,4 | 68,9 | 38,2 | 03,9 | 77,2 | 55,6 | 67,1 |
|           | 26** | 27** | 26** | 30** | 35** | 02** | 37** | 42** |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| *Source:  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| St        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| atistical |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Institute |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| of        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Jamaica*  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|           |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| *Includes |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| processed |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| and       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| canned    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| beef      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| products  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (corned   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| beef,     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| shredded  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| beef,     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| etc.)     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| except    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| for       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| s         |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| ausages.* |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

**8.4 Distribution**

Despite an increasing level of direct importation by hotels and
supermarket chains, local distributors remain the primary suppliers of
imported foods. Most supermarkets and hotels still rely on distributors
to provide those items they do not import directly, as many stores and
smaller hotels lack the necessary infrastructure to handle anything but
lower volume purchases at more frequent intervals. This is particularly
relevant for perishables such as chilled or frozen value-added meats.

**8.4a Structure and Trends**

There are several established companies that handle imports and
distribution of a wide range of meat products. Most distributors of
processed meats sell directly to the retail and food service. Others
specialize in larger-scale cold storage and a high level of efficiency
in wholesale distribution.

Informal Commercial Importers (ICIs), commonly called "higglers," are
private individuals who are also in the business of importing and
distributing. Many of the established importers and manufacturers find
it hard to compete against ICIs, which can lower prices based on little
or no overhead costs. Higglers have been given the credit (or blame) for
importing products that are banned for health reasons or other issues. A
case in point is that despite the current ban on US pork products
(unless hermetically sealed), a few retailers have been able to source
other US pork products including ham, sausages, salami, etc. from
higglers. These products are in high demand from consumers frustrated
with the current inadequate and sporadic supply situation with respect
to processed pork products.

**8.4b Importer-distributors**

A list of major Jamaican importer-distributors carrying processed meat
products is provided

below.

+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| **Table 8.6: Jamaican           |                                    |
| Importer-Distributors**         |                                    |
+=================================+====================================+
| **Grace Kennedy & Company Ltd** | Grace Kennedy is among the largest |
|                                 | food distributors in the Jamaican  |
| *73 Harbour Street, Kingston,   | market. They are the largest       |
| Jamaica*                        | manufacturers of pork products in  |
|                                 | Jamaica and their canned and       |
| *Contact: Zak Mars, Food        | frozen meats predominate at the    |
| Service*                        | local retail level.                |
|                                 |                                    |
| *Contact: Ryan Mack, World      |                                    |
| Brands*                         |                                    |
|                                 |                                    |
| *Tel: 876-922-3440; Fax:        |                                    |
| 876-922-7567*                   |                                    |
|                                 |                                    |
| *E-mail: zak.mars@gkco.com*     |                                    |
|                                 |                                    |
| *E-mail: ryan.mack@gkco.com*    |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| **Frozen Delights               | Frozen Delights is one of the      |
| Distributors**                  | largest distributors of            |
|                                 | value-added meats to the Jamaican  |
| *228 Mountain View Avenue,      | retail trade. They are specialized |
| Kingston 6, Jamaica*            | distributors handling only meat    |
|                                 | and dairy products. Their customer |
| *Contact: Mike Jones, Sales and | base comprises supermarkets (60    |
| Marketing*                      | percent), food service (20         |
|                                 | percent), grocery stores (10       |
| *Tel: 876-927-5382 / 9646; Fax: | percent), and gas stations and     |
| 876-978-5722*                   | local fast food outlets (10        |
|                                 | percent).                          |
| ###                             |                                    |
| ## E-mail: mjones@cwjamaica.com | **Frozen Delights is actively      |
|                                 | seeking a supplier of mid-priced   |
|                                 | value-added poultry products.\     |
|                                 | **                                 |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| **National Meats & Foods        | National Meats is the largest      |
| Distributors Ltd**              | supplier of meat to the Jamaican   |
|                                 | food service trade. They are       |
| *Lydford, St. Ann, Jamaica*     | located on the North Coast of the  |
|                                 | island in close proximity to the   |
| *Contact: Arthur McIntosh,      | resort areas of Ocho Rios, Montego |
| Purchasing Manager*             | Bay and Negril.                    |
|                                 |                                    |
| *Tel: 876-973-1223/1559/1616;   |                                    |
| Fax: 876-973-1801*              |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+
| **Caribbean Producers Jamaica   | Caribbean Producers is the second  |
| Ltd**                           | largest distributor of meat        |
|                                 | products to the Jamaican food      |
| *1 Guinep Way, Lot 17 Montego   | service trade. They are located    |
| Bay Freeport Montego Bay, St.   | close to their market in Montego   |
| James, Jamaica*                 | Bay, midway between Negril and     |
|                                 | Ocho Rios.                         |
| *Contact: Michael Mumford,      |                                    |
| Manager*                        |                                    |
|                                 |                                    |
| *Tel: 876-979-8134; Fax:        |                                    |
| 876-979-8161*                   |                                    |
|                                 |                                    |
| *E-mail:                        |                                    |
| m                               |                                    |
| mumford@caribbeanproducers.com* |                                    |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------------+

**8.5 Retail Sales**

Supermarkets and wholesalers are the main retail venues in Jamaica,
collectively accounting for 71 percent of total retail food and beverage
sales, according to USDA. The balance is made up of mini-marts and small
grocers. The average distributor mark-up on value-added meats is 25--30
percent (over the cif value), which is higher than the average mark-up
of 15--25 percent on other food and grocery products. This is primarily
due to the high level of returns and spoilage. Distributor mark-ups on
value-added meats to the food service trade are 15--25 percent by
comparison, due to low spoilage and returns.

Retailer margins on valued-added meats are between 30--45 percent over
the distributor's price, primarily to offset overhead costs associated
with storing and displaying the products.

**8.5a Major Supermarkets**

Jamaican supermarkets are differentiated by service, quality, price and
convenience. The industry is comprised of upscale and conventional
stores, including Hi Lo and Super Plus, the two largest chains in
Jamaica. Other venues include independent supermarkets, wholesalers,
convenience stores, and small independent grocers.

As in other markets, many retailers are part of a vertically integrated
distribution network that includes food producers, importers and
wholesalers, such as Hi Lo that is part of the Grace Kennedy group of
companies. USDA reports that competition between retailers is intense,
as stores scramble for market share in a period of economic decline, to
the point where some are offering prices at close to wholesale levels.

+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Table 8.7: Major Jamaican        |                                   |
| Supermarket Chains               |                                   |
+==================================+===================================+
| **Super Plus Food Stores**       | Super Plus is the largest         |
|                                  | supermarket chain in Jamaica with |
| *Christiana Super Plus Centre,   | 19 stores throughout the country. |
| Kingston*                        |                                   |
|                                  | **The Manor Park Store (Kingston  |
| *Contact: Dionne White,          | 8) features a deli counter.**     |
| Purchasing Manager*              |                                   |
|                                  |                                   |
| *Tel: 876-964-2465; Fax:         |                                   |
| 876-964-3273*                    |                                   |
+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| #### Hi-Lo Food Stores Ltd       | Hi-Lo Food Stores is a member of  |
|                                  | the Grace Kennedy group. It is    |
| *13 Old Hope Road, Kingston 5*   | one of the more established       |
|                                  | supermarket chains in Jamaica,    |
| *Contact: Everett Welch, Meat    | with 9 stores located in the      |
| Manager*                         | capital and major towns across    |
|                                  | the country: Kingston (5 stores); |
| *Tel: 876-926-6123 /6172-3; Fax: | Spanish Town; Mandeville; Ocho    |
| 876-926-8960*                    | Rios (store name: S.D.A.) and     |
|                                  | Negril.                           |
| *E-mail: everett.welch@gkco.com* |                                   |
|                                  | **The Barbican store (catering    |
|                                  | mainly to upper-middle income     |
|                                  | clients) tried to establish a     |
|                                  | deli counter but was forced to    |
|                                  | close it when they were unable to |
|                                  | source the types of deli meats    |
|                                  | demanded by their customers,      |
|                                  | i.e., US pork-based products.**   |
+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Progressive Grocers of Jamaica | This group of 5 small supermarket |
| Ltd**                            | chains, with a total of 14        |
|                                  | stores, formed a strategic        |
| *137 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6*  | alliance to strengthen their      |
|                                  | collective position in the retail |
| *Tel: 876-970-2086-9; Fax:       | sector. The supermarkets involved |
| 876-970-2091*                    | are: Sovereign Supermarket, John  |
|                                  | R. Wong, Super Value, Brooklyn    |
|                                  | Supermarket and Shopper's Fair.   |
|                                  |                                   |
|                                  | **Many Progressive members such   |
|                                  | as John R. Wong possess deli      |
|                                  | counters in their stores.**       |
+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

**8.5b Meat Departments**

While Jamaican supermarkets are similar to their US counterparts in most
respects, only a few in more upscale areas are equipped with US-type
deli counters with glass-covered displays. At these stores, deli meats
are offered fresh-sliced at the counter. Those stores with deli counters
offered only a limited array of meats, primarily due to the lack of
product availability (given the import ban on US pork products). In
spite of this ban, imported US hams, salami and bologna were observed in
some deli sections.

The volume of domestic products and brands (Grace, Pioneer, Old
McDonald's etc.) completely outnumbers imports in the frozen meats
sections. The opposite is true with respect to chilled meats, where
there is a significant predominance of US brands such as Butterball,
Oscar Mayer, Louis Rich, and others.

One of the major canned products, Vienna sausage, is dominated by local
brands. Imports from Hormel and Libby's were present but in lesser
volume. The corned beef sections are highly competitive, primarily among
the local brands. Libby's has distinguished its line by offering a range
of "flavored" corn beef products -- with black pepper, with curry, etc.
Most of Libby's items are produced in Brazil.

**8.5c Products and Prices**

Value-added meat products found at three supermarkets belonging to two
major grocery retail groups in Jamaica -- Hi-Lo Food Stores and
Progressive Grocers -- are provided below, along with brand names,
countries of origin and retail prices converted to US dollars.

+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Table 8.8:      |              |              |     |            |
| Products and      |              |              |     |            |
| Prices -- Hi-Lo   |              |              |     |            |
| Food Stores,      |              |              |     |            |
| Barbican,         |              |              |     |            |
| Kingston\***      |              |              |     |            |
+===================+==============+==============+=====+============+
| Product           | Brand        | Origin       | S   | Price      |
|                   |              |              | ize |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Canned          |              |              |     |            |
| section**         |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | HI-LO        | Brazil       | 340 | \$0.84     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Grace        | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.05 or  |
|                   |              |              | g   | 3 @ \$1.01 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Lasco        | Argentina    | 340 | \$0.93 or  |
|                   |              |              | g   | 3 @ \$0.89 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef,      | Libby's      | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.32     |
| smoke flavor      |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef, w/   | Libby's      | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.44     |
| black pepper      |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef, w/   | Libby's      | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.44 or  |
| curry             |              |              | g   | 3 @ \$1.38 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef, w/   | Libby's      | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.26 or  |
| hot chili         |              |              | g   | 3 @ \$1.21 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned chicken    | Clasico      | Brazil       | 198 | \$0.78     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham / Canned      | DAK          | Holland      | 454 | \$5.08     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, "Black       | Hormel       | USA          | 16  | \$7.34     |
| Label"            |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, picnic,      | Tulip        | Denmark      | 454 | \$8.12     |
| canned            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Luncheon meat     | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$2.65     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Spam, hot & spicy | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$4.46     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Spam, smoke       | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$4.82     |
| flavor            |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey / Canned   | Tulip        | Denmark      | 227 | \$3.91     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | HI-LO        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.42     |
| chicken           |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Lasco        | Trinidad     | 141 | \$0.49     |
| chicken           |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Blue Ribbon  | Trinidad     | 141 | \$0.45     |
| chicken           |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.48     |
| chicken / pork    |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Lasco        | Trinidad     | 141 | \$0.49     |
| chicken / pork    |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.48     |
| chicken, hot &    |              |              | g   |            |
| spicy             |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.48     |
| jerk flavor       |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Frozen and      |              |              |     |            |
| chilled           |              |              |     |            |
| sections**        |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, "Streaky"  | Old          | Jamaica      | 250 | \$2.62     |
|                   | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, chicken    | Grace        | USA          | 7   | \$2.72     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, chicken    | Grace        | USA          | 12  | \$3.80     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, country    | Old          | Jamaica      | 250 | \$2.01     |
|                   | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, sugar      | Grace        | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.22     |
| cured, rindless   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, turkey     | Butterball   | USA          | 12  | \$4.33     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, turkey,    | Louis Rich   | USA          | 12  | \$4.18     |
| "65% Less Fat"    |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, turkey,    | Jennie-O     | USA          | 12  | \$3.49     |
| "Extra Lean"      |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna, chicken  | Old          | Jamaica      | 170 | \$0.93     |
|                   | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna, chicken, | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.00 or  |
| sliced            |              |              | g   | 3 @ \$0.93 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast    | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
| roll              |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast,   | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
| jerk flavor       |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast,   | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
| smoked            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks            | Old          | Jamaica      | 400 | \$1.96     |
|                   | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks            | Old          | Jamaica      | 900 | \$3.38     |
|                   | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, "Econo"   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 2   | \$3.57 or  |
|                   |              |              | lbs | 3 @ \$3.31 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 225 | \$1.05 or  |
|                   |              |              | g   | 3 @ \$0.97 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken   | Old          | Jamaica      | 200 | \$1.06     |
|                   | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken / | Grace        | Jamaica      | 32  | \$3.57 or  |
| pork, jumbo       |              |              | oz  | 3 @ \$3.31 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken / | Grace        | Jamaica      | 225 | \$1.05 or  |
| pork, premium     |              |              | g   | 3 @ \$0.97 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken,  | Grace        | Jamaica      | 32  | \$3.60 or  |
| jumbo             |              |              | oz  | 3 @ \$3.45 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken,  | Grace        | Jamaica      | 225 | \$1.05     |
| smoked            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks,           | Louis Rich   | USA          | 16  | \$3.85     |
| turkey/chicken,   |              |              | oz  |            |
| "Cheese Dogs"     |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks,           | Oscar Mayer  | USA          | 16  | \$6.90     |
| turkey/pork,      |              |              | oz  |            |
| "Cheese Dogs"     |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, chicken,     | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
| sliced            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, cooked,      | Grace        | Jamaica      | 150 | \$1.99 or  |
| sliced            |              |              | g   | 3 @ \$1.91 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, cooked,      | Old          | Jamaica      | 170 | \$2.28     |
| sliced            | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, cooked, w.   | Old          | Jamaica      | 170 | \$2.28     |
| cheese            | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, cooked,      | Old          | Jamaica      | 170 | \$3.79     |
| whole             | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, sliced       | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, turkey,      | Jennie-O     | USA          | 12  | \$4.17     |
| sliced            |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Pork shoulder,    | Grace        | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.44     |
| sliced, smoked    |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, chicken / | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.06 or  |
| pork, sliced      |              |              | g   | 3 @ \$0.98 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, Cotto     | Louis Rich   | USA          | 16  | \$4.47     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, sliced    | Old          | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.16     |
|                   | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, turkey    | Louis Rich   | USA          | 8   | \$2.94     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Sausage, jerk     | Old          | Jamaica      | 400 | \$1.76     |
| flavor            | MacDonald    |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Sausage, turkey,  | Louis Rich   | USA          | 14  | \$4.94     |
| smoked            |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast     | Healthy      | USA          | 6   | \$4.30     |
|                   | Choice       |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast,    | Butterball   | USA          | 6   | \$3.61     |
| smoked, "Deli     |              |              | oz  |            |
| Thin Slices"      |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey, tender    | Jennie-O     | USA          | N/S | \$5.25     |
| cured, "Just Like |              |              |     |            |
| Ham"              |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey, variety   | Butterball   | USA          | 12  | \$4.28     |
| pack              |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| *Source: Fintrac  |              |              |     |            |
| store surveys*    |              |              |     |            |
|                   |              |              |     |            |
| *\*There is no    |              |              |     |            |
| deli section at   |              |              |     |            |
| this supermarket* |              |              |     |            |
|                   |              |              |     |            |
| *XR: US \$1.00 =  |              |              |     |            |
| JA \$47.68*       |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+

+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Table 8.9:      |              |              |     |            |
| Products and      |              |              |     |            |
| Prices -- John R. |              |              |     |            |
| Wong Supermarket, |              |              |     |            |
| New Kingston**    |              |              |     |            |
+===================+==============+==============+=====+============+
| Product           | Brand        | Origin       | S   | Price      |
|                   |              |              | ize |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Deli section**  |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna           | Wunder Bar   | USA          | 1   | \$12.58    |
|                   |              |              | kg  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, smoked,      | Russer       | USA          | 1   | \$25.17    |
| Virginia          |              |              | kg  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, turkey,      | Kraft        | USA          | 1   | \$15.73    |
| "Hickory Smoked"  |              |              | kg  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, whole        | Healthy      | USA          | 1   | \$25.17    |
|                   | Choice       |              | kg  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Pepperoni,        | Carando      | USA          | 1   | \$18.88    |
| "Classic Italian" |              |              | kg  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, Genoa,    | Carando      | USA          | 1   | \$18.88    |
| "Classic"         |              |              | kg  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, hard      | Carando      | USA          | 1   | \$18.88    |
|                   |              |              | kg  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast     | Butterball   | USA          | 1   | \$25.17    |
|                   |              |              | kg  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Canned          |              |              |     |            |
| section**         |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Miracle      | Brazil       | 12  | \$0.94     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Grace        | Brazil       | 12  | \$1.09     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Lasco        | Argentina    | 12  | \$0.96     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Kendel       | Brazil       | 12  | \$0.88     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Libby's      | Brazil       | 12  | \$0.89     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef w.    | Libby's      | Brazil       | 12  | \$0.93     |
| black pepper      |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef w.    | Libby's      | Brazil       | 12  | \$0.93     |
| curry             |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef w.    | Libby's      | Brazil       | 12  | \$0.93     |
| hot chili         |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef w.    | Libby's      | Brazil       | 12  | \$0.93     |
| mixed peppers     |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Spam, hot & spicy | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$4.64 or  |
|                   |              |              | oz  | 3 /        |
|                   |              |              |     | \$13.15    |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Spam, smoked      | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$5.03 or  |
| flavored          |              |              | oz  | 3 /        |
|                   |              |              |     | \$14.23    |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey, oven      | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$4.84 or  |
| roasted           |              |              | oz  | 3 /        |
|                   |              |              |     | \$13.55    |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Ramson's     | Jamaica      | 142 | \$0.53 or  |
|                   |              |              | g   | 3 for      |
|                   |              |              |     | \$1.49     |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Miracle      | Trinidad     | 140 | \$0.48     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.55     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.55     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Lasco        | Trinidad     | 141 | \$0.50 or  |
|                   |              |              | g   | 3 / \$1.43 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Lasco        | Trinidad     | 141 | \$0.50 or  |
|                   |              |              | g   | 3 / \$1.43 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Ramson's     | Jamaica      | 142 | \$0,53 or  |
| chicken           |              |              | g   | 3 for      |
|                   |              |              |     | \$1.49     |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Miracle      | Trinidad     | 140 | \$0.51     |
| chicken           |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.55     |
| chicken           |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Miracle      | Trinidad     | 140 | \$0.51     |
| hot & spicy       |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.55     |
| hot & spicy       |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Eve          | Barbados     | 140 | \$0.59 or  |
| hot & spicy       |              |              | g   | 3 / \$1.64 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Lasco        | Trinidad     | 141 | \$0.50 or  |
| hot & spicy       |              |              | g   | 3 / \$1.43 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Frozen and      |              |              |     |            |
| chilled           |              |              |     |            |
| sections**        |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon             | Grace        | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.79     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon             | Ramson's     | Jamaica      | 200 | \$2.07     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, "Streaky"  | Pioneer      | Jamaica      | 225 | \$3.79     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, chicken    | Grace        | USA          | 7   | \$2.72     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, shoulder   | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.20     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, turkey,    | Jennie-O     | USA          | 12  | \$3.49     |
| "95% Fat Free"    |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, turkey,    | Louis Rich   | USA          | 12  | \$4.18     |
| smoked, cured,    |              |              | oz  |            |
| "65% Less Fat"    |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna, beef     | Oscar Mayer  | USA          | 8   | \$4.62     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna, sliced   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$0.98     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna, sliced   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.01     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna, turkey   | Louis Rich   | USA          | 8   | \$1.92     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast    | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
| roll              |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast w. | Hamilton's   | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.85     |
| olives, jalapeno  |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast w. | Hamilton's   | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.85     |
| olives, smoked    |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast,   | Hamilton's   | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.80     |
| smoked            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast,   | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
| smoked            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| English Bangers   | Pioneer      | Jamaica      | 450 | \$1.75 or  |
|                   |              |              | g   | 3 / \$4.95 |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 225 | \$0.94     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 450 | \$1.82     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken   | Pioneer      | Jamaica      | 900 | \$3.88     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, turkey /  | Louis Rich   | USA          | 16  | \$3.39     |
| chicken w. cheese |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, turkey /  | Louis Rich   | USA          | 16  | \$3.39     |
| chicken, "Bun     |              |              | oz  |            |
| Length"           |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, chicken      | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, sliced       | Pioneer      | Jamaica      | 150 | \$5.99     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, sliced       | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, turkey,      | Jennie-O     | USA          | 12  | \$4.17     |
| sliced, extra     |              |              | oz  |            |
| lean              |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Pastrami, turkey  | Hamilton's   | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.80     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, Cotto,    | Oscar Mayer  | USA          | 8   | \$4.58     |
| beef              |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, Cotto,    | Louis Rich   | USA          | 16  | \$5.90     |
| turkey            |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, sliced    | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.06     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, sliced    | Pioneer      | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.02     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, turkey    | Louis Rich   | USA          | 8   | \$2.94     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Sandwich Slices   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.52     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Sausage, turkey,  | Louis Rich   | USA          | 14  | \$3.95     |
| smoked            |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast,    | Louis Rich   | USA          | 6   | \$3.73     |
| Hickory Smoked    |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast,    | Oscar Mayer  | USA          | 6   | \$5.24     |
| Mesquite smoked   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast,    | Jennie-O     | USA          | 12  | \$5.77     |
| sliced, extra     |              |              | oz  |            |
| lean              |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey, tender    | Jennie-O     | USA          | N/S | \$5.26     |
| cured, whole      |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey, variety   | Louis Rich   | USA          | 12  | \$4.52     |
| pack              |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| *Source: Fintrac  |              |              |     |            |
| store surveys*    |              |              |     |            |
|                   |              |              |     |            |
| *XR: US \$1.00 =  |              |              |     |            |
| JA \$47.68*       |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+

+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Table 8.10:     |              |              |     |            |
| Products and      |              |              |     |            |
| Prices --         |              |              |     |            |
| Sovereign         |              |              |     |            |
| Supermarket,      |              |              |     |            |
| Liguanea,         |              |              |     |            |
| Kingston\***      |              |              |     |            |
+===================+==============+==============+=====+============+
| Product           | Brand        | Origin       | S   | Price      |
|                   |              |              | ize |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Canned          |              |              |     |            |
| section**         |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon cubes       | Tulip        | Denmark      | 200 | \$4.53     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Hereford     | Brazil       | 12  | \$0.81     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Delite       | Brazil       | 198 | \$0.84     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Delite       | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.01     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Nupak        | Brazil       | 12  | \$0.95     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Grace        | Brazil       | 12  | \$1.09     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Grace        | Brazil       | 7   | \$0.82     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef       | Libby's      | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.38     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef w.    | Libby's      | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.38     |
| black pepper      |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef w.    | Libby's      | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.38     |
| curry             |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef w.    | Libby's      | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.38     |
| hot chilli        |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Corned beef w.    | Libby's      | Brazil       | 340 | \$1.38     |
| onion             |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, canned,      | Hormel       | USA          | 32  | \$14.54    |
| "Black Label"     |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, cooked leg   | Tulip        | Denmark      | 454 | \$8.36     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, picnic       | Tulip        | Denmark      | 454 | \$8.16     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Luncheon meat     | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$4.59     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Luncheon meat     | Hormel       | USA          | 7   | \$2.95     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Luncheon meat     | Eve          | Barbados     | 300 | \$1.70     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Luncheon meat     | Eve          | Barbados     | 300 | \$1.70     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Spam, hot & spicy | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$4.59     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Spam, Lite        | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$4.61     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey, oven      | Hormel       | USA          | 12  | \$4.90     |
| roasted           |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Eve          | Barbados     | 140 | \$0.52     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.54     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Miracle      | Trinidad     | 140 | \$0.52     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage    | Armour       | USA          | 5   | \$0.76     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Armour       | USA          | 5   | \$1.31     |
| BBQ               |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Eve          | Barbados     | 140 | \$0.59     |
| chicken           |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.54     |
| chicken           |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.54     |
| chicken           |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Armour       | USA          | 5   | \$0.76     |
| chicken           |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Miracle      | Trinidad     | 140 | \$0.52     |
| chicken           |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Eve          | Barbados     | 140 | \$0.59     |
| chicken, hot &    |              |              | g   |            |
| spicy             |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Miracle      | Trinidad     | 140 | \$0.52     |
| chicken, hot &    |              |              | g   |            |
| spicy             |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 140 | \$0.54     |
| jerk flavor       |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Vienna sausage,   | Armour       | USA          | 5   | \$1.32     |
| smoked            |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| **Frozen and      |              |              |     |            |
| chilled           |              |              |     |            |
| sections**        |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon             | Grace        | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.12     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, Canadian   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 225 | \$3.68     |
| loin              |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, chicken    | Grace        | USA          | 340 | \$3.67     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bacon, shoulder   | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.35     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Beef, variety     | Oscar Mayer  | USA          | 10  | \$6.62     |
| pack              |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna, 33% Less | Butterball   | USA          | 8   | \$2.22     |
| Fat               |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna, chicken  | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$0.91     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Bologna, turkey,  | Louis Rich   | USA          | 8   | \$1.85     |
| 50% Less Fat      |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast    | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
| roll              |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast,   | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
| jerk flavor       |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Chicken breast,   | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
| smoked            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, 40% Less  | Butterball   | USA          | 16  | \$2.84     |
| Fat               |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 255 | \$0.94     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken   | Grace        | Jamaica      | 450 | \$1.82     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken,  | Grace        | Jamaica      | 900 | \$3.22     |
| Econo             |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken,  | Grace        | Jamaica      | 900 | \$3.44     |
| Jumbo             |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Franks, chicken,  | Grace        | Jamaica      | 255 | \$1.20     |
| smoked            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, chicken      | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, sliced       | Smoke Shack  | Jamaica      | 225 | \$2.64     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, sliced       | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.92     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, turkey, 97%  | Butterball   | USA          | 8   | \$2.61     |
| Fat Free          |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Ham, turkey,      | Jennie-O     | USA          | 12  | \$4.02     |
| Extra Lean        |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Pork, sandwich    | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.52     |
| slices            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, sliced    | Grace        | Jamaica      | 170 | \$1.15     |
|                   |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Salami, turkey,   | Louis Rich   | USA          | 8   | \$2.87     |
| 50% Less Fat      |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Sausage, jerk     | Hamilton's   | Jamaica      | 450 | \$4.66     |
| flavor            |              |              | g   |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast     | Jennie-O     | USA          | 12  | \$5.35     |
|                   |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast,    | Healthy      | USA          | 6   | \$3.18     |
| oven roasted      | Choice       |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast,    | Healthy      | USA          | 6   | \$3.18     |
| smoked, 97% Fat   | Choice       |              | oz  |            |
| Free              |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast,    | Butterball   | USA          | 6   | \$3.10     |
| smoked, Fat Free  |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast,    | Butterball   | USA          | 6   | \$3.10     |
| smoked, honey     |              |              | oz  |            |
| roasted           |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey breast,    | Butterball   | USA          | 6   | \$2.45     |
| thin sliced, 97%  |              |              | oz  |            |
| Fat Free          |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey, variety   | Butterball   | USA          | 9   | \$5.26     |
| pack              |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| Turkey,           | Louis Rich   | USA          | 12  | \$4.36     |
| variety-pak       |              |              | oz  |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+
| *Source: Fintrac  |              |              |     |            |
| store surveys*    |              |              |     |            |
|                   |              |              |     |            |
| *\*There is no    |              |              |     |            |
| deli section at   |              |              |     |            |
| this supermarket* |              |              |     |            |
|                   |              |              |     |            |
| *XR: US \$1.00 =  |              |              |     |            |
| JA \$47.68*       |              |              |     |            |
+-------------------+--------------+--------------+-----+------------+

**8.5d Products in Demand**

Local production of quality pork-based salamis, bolognas and sausages is
limited and supplies are unreliable. As a result of the current
production situation, and the current ban on imports of US pork,
distributors and retailers complain that they are unable to fulfill the
constant demand for these items.

Demand for value-added poultry products is also high. Current popular
brands are Butterball, Healthy Choice, Oscar Mayer and local brand Smoke
Shack. Although these products were originally targeted at the higher
income consumers through up-market stores, they have also become popular
among more price-sensitive consumers. It is felt that the mass market
for these items has yet to be tapped due to their high prices.

**8.6 Import Regulations and Requirements**

Processed meat exporters sending goods to Jamaica should note the
following customs and administrative requirements.

**8.6a Customs Requirements**

Commercial shipments of processed meat products to Jamaica require the
following documentation:

1\. Bill of lading

2.  Commercial invoice / supplier invoice

3\. Certificate of Origin (applicable to CARICOM imports only)

**8.6b Import Duties**

Unfortunately for international suppliers, Jamaican import duties and
taxes on meat products are among the highest in the Caribbean:

-   [Tariff]{.underline} -- the applicable Common External Tariff (CET)
    or import duty on beef and processed poultry products is 40 percent.
    The CET on processed pork is 20 percent. This rate is applied to the
    CIF value of the imported item.

-   [Stamp Duty]{.underline} -- in addition to regular tariff levels,
    the Jamaican stamp duty on beef and poultry products is 32.9
    percent, applied to the compounded value of the import item (i.e.
    CIF plus CET). The stamp duty on processed pork is 55 percent.

-   [General Consumption Tax (GCT)]{.underline} -- This tax is
    calculated at 15 percent of the total compounded value. This
    value-added sales tax is charged on all products sold in the
    Jamaican market.

-   [Standard Compliance Fee]{.underline} -- is a special fee levied
    against processed pork products, equal to 0.3 percent of the CIF
    value of the imported item.

**8.6c Veterinary and Health Requirements**

All Jamaican importers of meat products must obtain a permit from the
Jamaican Veterinary Division. The Jamaican importer submits a request to
import a specific list of meat products, which the Veterinary Division
must review before issuing a permit. Provided there are no
complications, the entire process can take as little as one week.

It is important to note that import permits are also used as a
non-tariff barrier to protect local agricultural industries, as is the
case with respect to pork products from the US, which are presently
banned.

In recent years, the Jamaica Bureau of Standards has become increasingly
vigilant in terms of monitoring the quality and labeling of products
sold locally. The Bureau works with the Ministry of Health in
determining product standards and inspecting meat imports. Ministry of
Health inspections are carried out at the point of entry while the
Bureau of Standards inspects products in the retail trade.

**8.6d Trademark Registration**

Companies wanting to register a trademark in Jamaica need to apply to
the Jamaica Intellectual Property Office (JIPO), an agency of the
Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Technology. The entire process takes
six to twelve months to complete with an initial registration fee of
US\$175--\$400. Registration is renewable every ten years at a fee of
US\$105.

**8.6e Labeling Requirements**

The Jamaica Bureau of Standards administers the Standards Act, Processed
Food Act and Weights and Measures Act. Products imported into Jamaica
must meet the requirements of each of these, and conform to
internationally recognized standards and quality specifications.
Pre-packaged meat products must be labeled with the following:

1\. Company brand

2\. Product name

3\. Country of origin

4\. Ingredients list

5\. Net weight

6.  Producer name and address or Importer name and address

7.  Product batch code

8.  Expiration date (soon to become mandatory)

9.  Preparation instructions (if appropriate)

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10. Storage instructions after opening

11. Nutrition Facts (optional)

12. UPC Code (this is a requirement of major supermarkets)

**8.7 Summary**

Despite the country's bleak economic outlook and declining consumption
levels, opportunities do exist for supplying value-added poultry
products in the Jamaican market. This is endorsed by the relatively
large import market, slightly increasing import volumes, and feedback
received from distributors and retailers. In order to realize wider
opportunities in the mass market, however, highly competitive pricing is
required due to the limited disposable income of the average Jamaican
consumer and high tariff rates.

As in many countries of the Caribbean, poultry is the main meat staple
in Jamaica, followed by pork. Beef generally remains a high-end item,
with the notable exception of corned beef, demand for which is strong
among the middle-income consumers. Most of the corned beef consumed in
Jamaica is sourced from Brazil.

There is no short-term indication that the Jamaican market will open up
to US pork products. However, discussions are in progress between the
relevant authorities in Jamaica and the US towards a resolution of this
issue, together with similar issues that Jamaican meat exporters are
having with US market access. The longer term prospects are perhaps more
positive for US poultry and (to a lesser extent) pork products, provided
a resolution of the import ban can be reached between the Jamaican and
US governments.

**8.8 Surveys**

*The following surveys were carried with importer-distributors and
grocery retailers utilizing the questionnaire forms provided in the
Annex.*

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| #### Frozen Delights Distributors                                     |
|                                                                       |
| ### Ac                                                                |
| tivity: Importer / Distributor of dairy and value added meat products |
|                                                                       |
| *Address: 228 Mountain View Avenue, Kingston 6, Jamaica*              |
|                                                                       |
| *Contact: Mike Jones, Sales and Marketing Consultant*                 |
|                                                                       |
| *Tel: 876-927-5382 /9646; Fax: 876-978-5722; E-mail:                  |
| mjones@cwjamaica.com*                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

-   Frozen Delights is the largest distributor of value added meats to
    the Jamaican retail trade. They are specialized distributors
    handling only meat and dairy products. Their customer base comprises
    supermarkets (60 percent), food service (20 percent), grocery stores
    (10 percent); and gas stations (10 percent) and local fast food
    outlets.

-   Over the past year they have refocused their business more on the
    retail trade as they have had serious problems with collections from
    hotels, which can take 60 to 90 days to pay.

-   They are the exclusive distributors for Con Agra's Butterball and
    Healthy Choice brands of turkey and chicken based meat products.
    They import a limited amount of beef due to high import duties and
    are not importing pork products at this time due to the present
    import ban. The ban does not prohibit them from bringing pork
    products in from Canada, although they have not identified a
    Canadian supplier.

-   They purchase on average 250--350 cases of Butterball and Healthy
    Choice products per month. Shipments are made bi-weekly (150--200).

-   Most of their processed meat purchases are direct from manufacturers
    (85 percent) while the rest comes from Florida consolidators in
    order to ensure continuous supply as they have found that
    manufacturers are not always reliable with their deliveries. The
    typical payment terms with overseas suppliers is 30 days credit.

-   Key factors influencing them to carry a product/brand are (in
    order): (1) reliable and consistent supply; (2) quality; (3)
    price; (4) product sizes; (5) customer requests; and (6) marketing
    support.

-   They currently carry out in-store promotions and product tastings
    for processed products with minimal support from suppliers, however
    they would like joint promotions with manufacturers to increase
    promotional coverage.

-   They have noted a definite change in the Jamaican market for deli
    meats over the past 10 years, attributable to travel and exposure to
    US media. Supermarkets that were once considered lower-end outlets
    now carry many imported value-added meats.

-   The Jamaican mass market has traditionally shown a preference for
    packaged meats vis-à-vis deli counter meats, but this seems to be
    changing as a result of US influence.

-   Frozen Delights is actively seeking another supplier of value-added
    meats to give their customers more price and brand options. They are
    looking for a mid-priced line for the middle to lower-end consumer
    market; their Con Agra brands sell at the higher end of the market.

-   Expiration dates on processed meat imports is an important issue --
    these must be shipped to their consolidator in Miami at least 40--45
    days prior to expiration so they arrive in Jamaica 3--4 weeks before
    product expiration date. It takes about one and half weeks to ship
    from Miami to Kingston including customs clearance.

-   Their biggest problem is the current ban on US pork products, as
    they are constantly asked by customers to supply a greater variety
    of items.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| #### National Meats & Foods Distributors Ltd                          |
|                                                                       |
| ### Activity: Importer / Distributor of Frozen Foods                  |
|                                                                       |
| *Address: Lydford, St. Ann, Jamaica*                                  |
|                                                                       |
| *Contact: Arthur McIntosh, Purchasing Manager*                        |
|                                                                       |
| *Tel: 876-973-1223 /1559 / 1616; Fax: 876-973-1801*                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

-   National Meats is the largest meat distributor to the HRI / food
    service trade in Jamaica. They are located on the North Coast of the
    island in close proximity to the major resort areas of Ocho Rios,
    Montego Bay and Negril.

-   Their customer base comprises food service (60 percent) and
    supermarkets / wholesalers (40 percent).

-   The company primarily distributes fresh whole meats that are bought
    from local and foreign suppliers. The few processed and packaged
    meat products they carry are locally produced. These are
    Copperwood's "Caribbean Passion" chicken franks, pork sausages and
    bacon slices and 3 C's (local producer) all beef sausages and beef
    products.

-   Typical payment terms with their foreign suppliers are 30 to 60 days
    credit.

-   The key factors that influence their purchasing of products/brands
    are: (1) price; (2) overall quality; and (3) customer requests.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| #### Caribbean Producers Jamaica Ltd                                  |
|                                                                       |
| ### Activity: Importer / Distributor                                  |
|                                                                       |
| *Address: 1 Guinep Way, Lot 17 Montego Bay Freeport, Montego Bay, St. |
| James, Jamaica*                                                       |
|                                                                       |
| *Contact: Michael Mumford, Key Account Representative*                |
|                                                                       |
| *Tel: 876-979-8134; Fax: 876-979-8161; E-mail:                        |
| mmumford@caribbeanproducers.com*                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

-   Caribbean Producers is the second largest distributor of meat
    products to the Jamaican food service trade. They are also located
    close to their market in Montego Bay, midway between the other major
    resorts in Negril and Ocho Rios.

-   Their business is focused almost completely on the HRI / food
    service trade (95 percent). They also service the retail trade (5
    percent).

-   They carry mainly fresh and whole meats. They import the *Excel*
    brand of beef and luncheon meats -- i.e. smoked turkey, ham turkey
    breast, pastrami turkey etc. They also import processed pork
    products (ham, sausages, salami, etc.) from Canada.

-   All of their processed meats are sourced directly from
    manufacturers.

-   Typical payment terms with their suppliers are 30--45 days credit,
    and sometimes 14 days.

-   Key factors influencing their decisions are: (1) price; (2) quality;
    and (3) marketability based on sampling.

-   They generally see more opportunities for deli meats in the food
    service market, as there is a greater awareness and taste for these
    products among tourists. There needs to be a greater focus on local
    consumer education concerning these products.

-   They frequently attend the NRA show in Chicago and the Fancy Food
    Show in New York City.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| #### Kraft Foods Jamaica Ltd                                          |
|                                                                       |
| ### Activity: Manufacturer / Importer                                 |
|                                                                       |
| *Address: 2E Valentine Drive, Kingston 19, Jamaica*                   |
|                                                                       |
| *Contact: Michael Looktong, Marketing Manager*                        |
|                                                                       |
| *Tel: 876-925-9418 / 905-3496; Fax: 876-905-1412; E-mail:             |
| looktongm@nabisco.com.jm*                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

-   A subsidiary of multinational Kraft Foods, this company began as an
    acquisition of Butterkist, a Jamaican biscuit manufacturer, by
    Nabisco in 1998. Nabisco was subsequently bought by Kraft in June
    2000.

-   This company brings in Oscar Mayer and Louis Rich brand products
    that are sold to the retail trade through 11 distributors. The major
    distributor of their products is Facey Commodity Ltd.

-   These brands are doing well with middle- and upper-income customers
    who value convenience and healthier foods. There is a need to
    increase mass market consumption of these types of products
    including consumer education.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| #### Grace Kennedy & Company Ltd                                      |
|                                                                       |
| ### Activity: Manufacturer / Importer / Distributor / Retailer        |
|                                                                       |
| *Address: 73 Harbour Street, Kingston, Jamaica*                       |
|                                                                       |
| *Contact: Zak Mars, Food Service; Ryan Mack, World Brands*            |
|                                                                       |
| *Tel: 876-922-3440; Fax: 876-922-7567; E-mail: zak.mars@gkco.com or   |
| ryan.mack@gkco.com*                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

-   Grace Kennedy is one of the largest and most widely recognized food
    companies in Jamaica. They are the largest manufacturers of pork
    products and their canned and frozen meat products predominate on
    the local supermarket shelves.

-   Grace Kennedy also owns the largest supermarket chain in Jamaica,
    Hi-Lo Food Stores.

-   They are the exclusive distributors of frozen processed meats to the
    Subway franchise in Jamaica. There are 3 Subway stores that opened
    over the past 5 years, all based in Kingston.

-   Grace imports little processed meat. They currently sell the Jenny-O
    and Mr. Turkey brands of turkey-based products. They prefer not to
    carry chilled perishables as their cold chain is not efficient
    enough to handle products with late expiration dates.

-   Company representatives generally feel there are good opportunities
    for chilled and frozen meat products in the Jamaican market, as the
    number of refrigerators in homes has doubled over the past 10 years.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| #### Hi-Lo Food Stores Ltd (a Grace Kennedy company)                  |
|                                                                       |
| ### Activity: Supermarket Chain                                       |
|                                                                       |
| *Address: 13 Old Hope Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica*                      |
|                                                                       |
| *Contact: Everett Welch, Meat Manager*                                |
|                                                                       |
| *Tel: 876-926-6123 /6172-3; Fax: 876-926-8960; E-mail:                |
| everett.welch@gkco.com*                                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

-   Hi-Lo Food Stores is a member of the Grace Kennedy group. It is
    among the more established supermarket chains in Jamaica, with 9
    stores throughout the country, including 5 in Kingston and 1 each in
    Spanish Town, Mandeville, Ocho Rios (store name SDA) and Negril.

-   The most popular line of processed meats they sell is Louis Rich,
    Butterball and Grace. The most popular deli meat product is jerk
    sausage, which is manufactured by local companies. All of their
    meats are sourced from local importer-distributors or manufacturers.

-   Typical promotion activities include in-store "specials" which are
    usually offered in conjunction with manufacturers and distributors.
    Stores occasionally run independent specials to move late dated
    products.

-   They have problems with the late dating of processed meat products,
    and prefer not to receive items with an expiration date of 2 weeks
    or less.

-   Hi-Lo does not have deli sections in their stores. They recently
    attempted to open a deli section in their newest store but that
    attempt failed due to lack of demand. They are still considering
    selling vacuum packed deli meats in the meat section.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| #### Sovereign Supermarket                                            |
|                                                                       |
| ### Activity: Supermarket                                             |
|                                                                       |
| *Address: 184 Constant Spring Road, Kingston 8, Jamaica*              |
|                                                                       |
| *Contact: Brad Wong, Manager*                                         |
|                                                                       |
| *Tel: 876-969-5791/5792; Fax: 876-755-4199*                           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

-   Sovereign Supermarkets has 2 stores located in up-market
    neighborhoods of Manor Park and Liguanea in Kingston. They are
    closely affiliated with a group of 5 other independent supermarkets
    through a jointly owned company called Progressive Grocers. The
    other supermarkets are John R. Wong, Super Value, Brooklyn
    Supermarket and Shopper's Fair (8 stores total).

-   They source processed meats either from local distributors, a
    Florida consolidator (Associated Grocers) or local higglers. They
    currently purchase Gwantley chicken and turkey franks, Hebrew
    National Kosher products, Nathan's beef franks, and Oscar Mayer
    beef, bologna and franks all from Associated Grocers. (At the time
    of this visit they were expecting a shipment and were consequently
    low on processed meat stocks in their stores).

-   US brands generally sell well in up-town markets whereas the
    mass-market stores are more price sensitive. Customers are always
    asking for a wider variety of pork-based meat products and deli
    meats, but the ban on US pork products constrains them from
    providing these. They are in the process of identifying a Canadian
    supplier of pork-based hams, sausages, salami, and pepperoni --
    although it will be more costly for them to do so due to higher
    transport costs.