AQ - 1 -- Air Quality Considerations for IWM

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**One of the purposes of the Irrigation Water Management conservation
practice standard is to manage air, soil, or plant microclimate. The
Atmospheric Resource Quality Management conservation practice standard
helps minimize or reduce emissions of particulate matter, smoke, odors,
greenhouse gases, ozone, and chemical drift, as well as maintain or
increase visibility.**

**When planning a resource management system, an assessment of air
quality resource concerns must be made and practices implemented to
address those. The current tool being used by NRCS is the Air Quality
Assessment Tool, detailed in this section, and located at:**
**<http://www.nm.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/tech-notes/envir/env-8.pdf> .
Some of the practices, which can be implemented on cropland, are
summarized in this section.**

**[Air Quality Assessment Tool for New Mexico]{.underline}**

**This assessment tool should help field offices determine whether or
not they have air quality/atmospheric resource issues/concerns and then
how to address that issue concern.**

1.  **Is the Conservation Treatment Unit (CTU) in a non-attainment
    area?**

**PM10 (Anthony)** **PM2.5 (None identified)** **Ozone (Sunland Park)**

**Other Do you want to consider methods to reduce PM anyway?**

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PM10

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**Are there unpaved roads and equipment areas? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate PM10 generation such as:**

-   **Synthetic/organic suppressants for PM control**

-   **Water**

-   **Speed or traffic reduction techniques (speed bumps, speed limits,
    gates)**

-   **Mulches (hulls, wood chips)**

-   **Paving or gravel surfaces (NCPS No. 560).**

**Is there any surface disturbance? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate PM10 generation such as:
(on the fields)**

-   **Residue management practices (NCPS No. 329C, 344, 329B, and
    329A,.)**

-   **Vegetative barriers (NCPS No. 311,
    327,340,332,601,386,603,393,342.)**

-   **[Irrigation management (NCPS No.449).]{.mark}**

-   **Range management (NCPS No. 512 and 550)**

-   **Forest management (NCPS No. 490, 460, and 380).**

-   **Wildlife management (NCPS No. 422)**

-   **Land reconstruction (NCPS No. 572, 543, 466, and 544).**

-   **Recreation (NCPS No. 566 and 568).**

**Are there any harvest operations? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate PM10 generation such as:**

-   **Forest management (NCPS No. 666 and 660).**

-   **Range Management (NCPS No. 511).**

**Is there any track out on paved roads? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate PM10 generation such as:**

-   **construction entrance**

**Does wind contribute to PM generation and/or transport? If yes,
consider practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate PM10 generation
such as:**

-   **wind erosion control practices -- windbreaks (NCPS No. 380, 650),
    vegetative barriers (NCPS No. 601), Cross Wind Ridges (589a), Cross
    Wind**

> **Trap Strips (589c), Stripcropping (585), Herbaceous Wind Barriers
> (603)**

**Are there any feedlots/AFOs? If yes, consider practices/techniques
that reduce or eliminate PM10 generation such as:**

-   **corral dust control (frequent manure scraping -- 634)**

**Is there any on-farm materials handling (grain elevator, bulk
fertilizers, manure)? If yes, consider practices/techniques that reduce
or eliminate**

**PM10 generation such as:**

-   **waste utilization standard (NCPS No. 633)**

**PM2.5**

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**Is this an AFO? If yes, consider practices/techniques that reduce or
eliminate PM2.5 generation such as:**

-   **Waste utilization and management (NCPS No. 313, 359, 633, and
    317).**

-   **Frequent manure removal/scraping (NCPS No. 634).**

-   **[Sprinkler irrigation]{.mark}**

-   **Cover manure storage (NCPS No. 365).**

-   **Biofilter installation (Amendments for Treatment of Ag Waste
    (591))**

-   **Feed management (592)**

**Is any agricultural or prescribed burning done? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate PM2.5 generation such
as:**

-   **Consider non-burning alternatives and emission reduction
    techniques and follow smoke management plan (NCPS No.338).**

**Are diesel engines used in the operation? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate PM2.5 generation such
as:**

-   **Switch out to electric engines**

-   **Newer certified engines -- diesel, natural gas or propane**

-   **Retrofit existing engine -- add-on technologies**

-   **Alternative fuel blends**

**Is there any on-farm materials handling? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate PM2.5 generation such
as:**

-   **Waste utilization and management (NCPS No. 313, 359, 633, 365,
    317, and 364).**

**Ozone (Ozone precursors are both VOCs and NOx)**

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**Is any agricultural or prescribed burning done? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate both NOx and VOC
generation such as:**

-   **Consider non-burning alternatives and emission reduction
    techniques and follow smoke management plan (NCPS No. 338).**

**Are nitrogen fertilizers used in the operation? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate VOC generation such as:**

-   **Consider N formulation of fertilizer (NCPS No. 590)**

-   **Fertilizer incorporation (NCPS No. 590)**

-   **Application rate, method and timing (NCPS No. 590)**

**Is animal waste utilized on the farm? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate VOC generation such as:**

-   **Waste utilization (NCPS No. 633)**

-   **Composting (NCPS No. 317)**

**Are pesticides used on the farm? If yes, consider practices/techniques
that reduce or eliminate VOC generation such as:**

-   **Consider different formulations and application techniques - Pest
    management (NCPS No. 595).**

**Are combustion engines used on the farm? If yes, consider
practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate NOx generation such as:**

-   **Switch out to electric or cleaner burning natural gas engine**

-   **Retrofit existing engine**

-   **Alternative fuel blends**

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height="5.113888888888889in"}

2.  **Is the CTU within 50 km (\~31 miles) of a Class I area? (Near
    IS\<50 km) (smoke/visibility, NOx, O3, VOC, NH3)**

**Consider practices/techniques that reduce or eliminate smoke
generation**

-   **Emission reduction techniques**

-   **Use of non-burning alternatives (i.e., chipping, debris removal)**

-   **Crop Residue Management (NCPS No. 329C, 344, 329B, and 329A,.)**

-   **Smoke management plan (NCPS No. 338).**

-   **No-till or Minimum Tillage (NCPS No. 329C, 344, 329B, and
    329A,.)**

3.  **Is the CTU within X miles of a concentrated population (X
    people/mile) or a major transportation corridor (freeway, interstate
    highway, state highway, airport, vehicle miles traveled)? (nuisance,
    safety) If yes, Consider practices/techniques that will reduce or
    eliminate generation of PM or smoke.**

**Consider practices/techniques that will reduce or eliminate generation
of odor.**

-   **Feed management (592)**

-   **Biofilters (591)**

-   **Control manure moisture**

-   **Manure management (NCPS No. 590, 313, 359, 633)**

-   **[Slurry injection]{.mark}**

-   **Composting (NCPS No. 317)**

4.  **Are pesticides applied to the CTU? (VOCs, drift) If yes, Consider
    practices/techniques that will reduce or eliminate drift such as:**

-   **Consult label directions**

-   **Windbreak (NCPS No. 380, 650)**

-   **Application techniques (NCPS No. 595)**

**Consider practices/techniques that will reduce or eliminate generation
of VOCs such as:**

-   **Change pesticide formulation if possible (NCPS No. 595)**

-   **Integrated Pest Management (NCPS No. 595)**

5.  **Are greenhouse gases (ghgs) regulated? (CH4, N2O, CO2, CFCs,) Not
    yet in New Mexico.**

**Consider practices/techniques that will offset or reduce generation of
CH4 such as:**

-   **Digesters for electricity generation (NCPS No. 365)**

-   **Feed management (592)**

-   **Livestock management**

**Consider practices/techniques that will offset or reduce generation of
N20 such as:**

-   **Fertilizer formulation (NCPS No. 590)**

-   **Soil management**

**Consider practices/techniques that will offset or reduce generation of
CO2 such as:**

-   **Reduced tillage**

-   **Use of renewable energy**

-   **Reduce or Eliminate open burning**

-   **C-sequestration practices to offset CO2 emissions**

6.  **Are plant and animal health and productivity, and human comfort
    adversely affected by air circulation?**

-   **Construction of windbreaks, herbaceous wind barriers and/or
    hedgerow planting will disturb air flow serving to increase/decrease
    air flow**

> **and reduces energy costs.**

-   **Use of fans and air dams**

-   **Building design**

> [Cropland Air Quality Practices]{.mark}

+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+---+
| *         | **       | **C     | **Cropland  | *         | **C     |   |
| *Cropland | Cropland | ropland | Practices   | *Cropland | ropland |   |
| Practices | P        | Pr      | to Reduce   | Practices | Pr      |   |
| to Reduce | ractices | actices | Greenhouse  | to Reduce | actices |   |
| Dust/Pa   | to       | to      | Gas         | Ammonia   | to      |   |
| rticulate | Reduce   | Reduce  | Emissions** | Loss**    | Reduce  |   |
| Matter    | Smoke    | Odor**  |             |           | Ozone   |   |
| Em        | Emi      |         |             |           | Precu   |   |
| issions** | ssions** |         |             |           | rsors** |   |
+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+---+
| **C       | **In     | The     | To reduce   | **Ammonia | **Ozone |   |
| omponents | impacted | major   | the amount  | as a      | is      |   |
| of PM~10~ | air      | agric   | of          | gaseous   | harmful |   |
| include   | sheds,   | ultural | greenhouse  | emission  | to both |   |
| finely    | reduce   | odor    | gases       | can       | human   |   |
| divided   | or       | source  | reaching    | undergo a | health  |   |
| solids or | e        | is      | the         | series of | and     |   |
| liquids   | liminate | liv     | atmosphere, | at        | vege    |   |
| such as   | burning  | estock. | the         | mospheric | tation. |   |
| dust, fly | of       |         | reduction   | reactions | Ozone   |   |
| ash,      | agri     | C       | and/or      | and       | in the  |   |
| soot,     | cultural | omplete | capture of  | e         | lower   |   |
| smoke,    | residues | a       | greenhouse  | ventually | atm     |   |
| aerosols, | unless   | manure  | gases is    | combine   | osphere |   |
| fumes,    | required | man     | necessary.  | with NOx  | is      |   |
| mists and | for      | agement |             | (         | formed  |   |
| c         | disease  | plan or | A           | emissions | when    |   |
| ondensing | co       | compre  | gricultural | from      | v       |   |
| vapors    | ntrol.** | hensive | activities  | engines)  | olatile |   |
| that can  |          | n       | contribute  | to form   | organic |   |
| be        | **In air | utrient | carbon      | ammonium  | co      |   |
| suspended | sheds    | man     | dioxide     | nitrate,  | mpounds |   |
| in the    | that     | agement | emissions   | a very    | (VOC)   |   |
| air for   | impact   | plan    | through     | fine      | and     |   |
| extended  | Class 1  | for the | combustion  | parti     | oxides  |   |
| periods   | regional | entire  | of fossil   | culate.** | of      |   |
| of time.  | haze     | f       | fuels,      |           | n       |   |
| Particles | areas,   | acility | burning,    | **Major   | itrogen |   |
| originate | burn or  | and     | and         | sources   | (NOx)   |   |
| from a    | smoke    | im      | de          | of        | react   |   |
| variety   | ma       | plement | composition | ammonia   | in the  |   |
| of        | nagement | r       | of soil     | from      | p       |   |
| s         | plans    | ecommen | organic     | agr       | resence |   |
| tationary | shall be | dations | matter.     | icultural | of      |   |
| and       | fol      |         | Economic    | a         | sunl    |   |
| mobile    | lowed.** |         | benefits to | ctivities | ight.** |   |
| sources   |          |         | grower      | include:  |         |   |
| and may   | **Burns  |         | include     | raising   | **Agric |   |
| be        | i        |         | less time   | of        | ultural |   |
| directly  | nitiated |         | and fuel    | animals,  | pr      |   |
| emitted   | for      |         | required.   | app       | actices |   |
| (primary  | ma       |         |             | lications | such as |   |
| e         | nagement |         | Nitrous     | of        | burning |   |
| missions) | shall    |         | oxide       | organic   | of      |   |
| or formed | meet     |         | emissions   | and       | agric   |   |
| in the    | Pr       |         | are         | inorganic | ultural |   |
| a         | escribed |         | principally | fer       | wastes, |   |
| tmosphere | Burning  |         | derived     | tilizers, | appl    |   |
| (         | Cons     |         | from soils, | and       | ication |   |
| secondary | ervation |         | the         | com       | of      |   |
| e         | Practice |         | application | posting** | pest    |   |
| missions) | Sta      |         | of organic  |           | icides, |   |
| by        | ndard.** |         | and         |           | li      |   |
| trans     |          |         | inorganic   |           | vestock |   |
| formation | **When   |         | f           |           | and     |   |
| of        | burning, |         | ertilizers, |           | li      |   |
| gaseous   | all      |         | biomass     |           | vestock |   |
| emi       | pr       |         | burning,    |           | waste   |   |
| ssions.** | ocedures |         | and         |           | con     |   |
|           | s        |         | livestock   |           | tribute |   |
| PM~2.5,~  | pecified |         | waste       |           | to      |   |
| secondary | in New   |         | management. |           | VOC.**  |   |
| pa        | Mexico   |         |             |           |         |   |
| rticulate | Burn     |         | Burning of  |           | **Agric |   |
| matter    | Permit   |         | a           |           | ultural |   |
| can be    | shall be |         | gricultural |           | pr      |   |
| derived   | fol      |         | residues    |           | actices |   |
| form      | lowed.** |         | creates     |           | such as |   |
| precursor |          |         | emissions   |           | b       |   |
| gases     |          |         | of carbon   |           | urning, |   |
| reacting  |          |         | dioxide and |           | farm    |   |
| in the    |          |         | nitrous     |           | equ     |   |
| at        |          |         | oxide.      |           | ipment, |   |
| mosphere. |          |         |             |           | and use |   |
| Ammonium, |          |         | Methane     |           | of      |   |
| sulfur    |          |         | emissions   |           | sta     |   |
| oxides    |          |         | from        |           | tionary |   |
| (SOx),    |          |         | a           |           | and     |   |
| nitrogen  |          |         | gricultural |           | p       |   |
| oxides    |          |         | sources are |           | ortable |   |
| (NOx),    |          |         | from animal |           | agric   |   |
| and       |          |         | waste       |           | ultural |   |
| certain   |          |         | storage,    |           | engines |   |
| volatile  |          |         | treatment,  |           | con     |   |
| organic   |          |         | and         |           | tribute |   |
| compounds |          |         | a           |           | to      |   |
| (VOC) are |          |         | pplication. |           | NOx.**  |   |
| major     |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| p         |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| recursors |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| of fine   |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| secondary |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| pa        |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| rticulate |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| matter.   |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| Emissions |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| of        |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| ammonia,  |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| nitrates  |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| (fer      |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| tilizers, |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| animal    |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| e         |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| missions, |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| and       |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| animal    |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| waste     |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| em        |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| issions), |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| volatile  |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| organic   |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| products, |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| sulfates, |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| and       |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| chemical  |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| drift and |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| pesticide |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| re-en     |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| trainment |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| are       |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| possible  |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| agr       |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| icultural |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| cont      |          |         |             |           |         |   |
| ributors. |          |         |             |           |         |   |
+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+---+
| *         | **       | **C     | **Cropland  | *         | **C     |   |
| *Cropland | Cropland | ropland | Practices   | *Cropland | ropland |   |
| Practices | P        | Pr      | to Reduce   | Practices | Pr      |   |
| to Reduce | ractices | actices | Greenhouse  | to Reduce | actices |   |
| Dust/Pa   | to       | to      | Gas         | Ammonia   | to      |   |
| rticulate | Reduce   | Reduce  | Emissions** | Loss**    | Reduce  |   |
| Matter    | Smoke    | Odor**  |             |           | Ozone   |   |
| Em        | Emi      |         |             |           | Precu   |   |
| issions** | ssions** |         |             |           | rsors** |   |
+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+---+
| Reduce or | **When   | Proper  | **To reduce | **To      | **To    |   |
| modify    | pruning  | corral  | carbon      | reduce    | reduce  |   |
| o         | orchards | man     | dioxide     | ammonia   | VOC:**  |   |
| perations | or       | agement | e           | losses    |         |   |
| that      | removing | and     | missions:** | from      | *       |   |
| create    | orchards | manure  |             | confined  | *Reduce |   |
| dust,     | and      | storage | **Reduce    | animal    | agric   |   |
| provide   | vi       | pr      | tillage     | oper      | ultural |   |
| crop      | neyards, | actices | operations; | ations:** | burning |   |
| residues, | ac       | will be | utilize     |           | (see    |   |
| or cover  | tivities | fo      | newer EPA   | **Corral  | Smoke   |   |
| crop      | in lieu  | llowed, | certified   | should be | col     |   |
| during    | of       | in      | engines or  | designed  | umn).** |   |
| critical  | burning  | cluding | electric    | with a    |         |   |
| air       | shall be | s       | motors and  | 3-5%      | **      |   |
| periods   | consi    | craping | utilize the | slope     | Utilize |   |
| to        | dered.** | corrals | least       | whereby   | int     |   |
| protect   |          | at      | engine      | water     | egrated |   |
| exposed   | *        | least   | horsepower  | does not  | pest    |   |
| fields.   | *Options | twice   | required to | pond and  | man     |   |
|           | include  | per     | get the job | keep      | agement |   |
| **After   | chi      | year,   | done.**     | manure    | (IPM)   |   |
| land      | pping/sh | store   |             | wet.**    | to      |   |
| leveling  | redding, | manure  | **Decrease  |           | reduce  |   |
| or        | soil     | under   | carbon      | **Scrape  | the     |   |
| re-       | a        | roof,   | emissions   | manure    | amount  |   |
| leveling, | mendment | divert  | by:**       | from      | of      |   |
| the field | with     | r       |             | corrals   | pes     |   |
| should be | chips/sh | ainfall | *           | two to    | ticides |   |
| irrigated | redding, | and     | *minimizing | three     | used.   |   |
| or bedded | use as   | runoff, | losses of   | times per | Ut      |   |
| up as     | biofuel, | provide | organic     | year.**   | ilizing |   |
| soon as   | com      | a       | matter,     |           | IPM     |   |
| possible  | posting, | dequate | including   | **Do not  | pr      |   |
| and not   | or       | storage | select      | stockpile | actices |   |
| left in a | placing  | area,   | cropping    | manure    | will    |   |
| smooth    | chips on | mix wet | sequences   | for long  | utilize |   |
| dry       | unpaved  | m       | with a Soil | periods   | the     |   |
| con       | roads    | aterial | C           | of        | least   |   |
| dition.** | for dust | quickly | onditioning | time.**   | amount  |   |
|           | c        | with    | Index of    |           | of      |   |
|           | ontrol** | drier   | "0" or      |           | pes     |   |
|           |          | ma      | greater,    |           | ticides |   |
|           |          | terial, | plant cover |           | while   |   |
|           |          | c       | crops that  |           | main    |   |
|           |          | ompost. | sequester   |           | taining |   |
|           |          |         | carbon,     |           | control |   |
|           |          |         | convert     |           | of      |   |
|           |          |         | from        |           | pests.  |   |
|           |          |         | annually    |           | Utilize |   |
|           |          |         | cropped to  |           | lower   |   |
|           |          |         | perennial   |           | pe      |   |
|           |          |         | non-tilled  |           | sticide |   |
|           |          |         | crops.**    |           | appl    |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | ication |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | rates.  |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | Utilize |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | pest    |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | control |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | a       |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | dvisors |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | and new |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | appl    |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | ication |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | eq      |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | uipment |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | to      |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | reduce  |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | VOC     |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | emi     |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | ssions. |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | Utilize |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | pes     |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | ticides |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | with a  |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | lower   |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | VOC     |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | e       |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | mission |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | fa      |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | ctor.** |   |
|           |          |         |             |           |         |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | **      |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | Utilize |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | proper  |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | li      |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | vestock |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | waste   |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | mana    |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | gement, |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | s       |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | torage, |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | and     |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | appl    |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | ication |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | proced  |   |
|           |          |         |             |           | ures.** |   |
+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+---+

+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+
| *         | **       | **C     | **Cropland  | *         | **C     |
| *Cropland | Cropland | ropland | Practices   | *Cropland | ropland |
| Practices | P        | Pr      | to Reduce   | Practices | Pr      |
| to Reduce | ractices | actices | Greenhouse  | to Reduce | actices |
| Dust/Pa   | to       | to      | Gas         | Ammonia   | to      |
| rticulate | Reduce   | Reduce  | Emissions** | Loss**    | Reduce  |
| Matter    | Smoke    | Odor**  |             |           | Ozone   |
| Em        | Emi      |         |             |           | Precu   |
| issions** | ssions** |         |             |           | rsors** |
+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+
| **Nut     | **Crop   | *       | **To reduce | **To      | **To    |
| orchards  | residue  | *Reduce | nitrous     | reduce    | reduce  |
| shall be  | t        | the     | oxide       | ammonia   | NOx:**  |
| irrigated | reatment | odor    | e           | emissions |         |
| 10 to 20  | after    | during  | missions:** | from      | *       |
| days      | harvest  | manure  |             | f         | *Reduce |
| before    | options  | sp      | **When      | ertilizer | agric   |
| harvest   | include  | reading | tillage is  | appli     | ultural |
| unless    | crop     | operat  | done,       | cation:** | burning |
| otherwise | residue  | ions.** | surface     |           | (see    |
| rec       | incorp   |         | a           | **        | Smoke   |
| ommended. | oration, | **Disk  | pplications | Implement | col     |
| Cover     | removal, | solid   | of manure   | a         | umn).** |
| crops in  | sh       | manure  | and         | comp      |         |
| orchards  | redding, | into    | fertilizer  | rehensive | **      |
| and       | fall     | soil    | nitrogen,   | nutrient  | Replace |
| vineyards | flooding | within  | which are   | m         | older   |
| improve   | or a     | 24 to   | subject to  | anagement | engines |
| soil      | com      | 48      | volatilize, | plan for  | or      |
| structure | bination | hours   | e.g. urea,  | an animal | r       |
| and       | of the   | after   | should be   | feeding   | etrofit |
| tilth,    | above.** | appli   | i           | ope       | old     |
| and       |          | cation; | ncorporated | ration.** | engines |
| reduce    |          | not     | into soil   |           | with    |
| dust      |          | reco    | within 24   | **        | newer   |
| generated |          | mmended | hours after | Implement | ce      |
| during    |          | when    | app         | a         | rtified |
| cultural  |          | plant   | lication.** | nutrient  | cleaner |
| and       |          | canopy  |             | m         | b       |
| harvest   |          | exceeds | **When      | anagement | urning, |
| ope       |          | 4 foot  | tillage is  | plan for  | more    |
| rations** |          | in      | not done,   | cr        | fuel-ef |
|           |          | height  | the rate,   | opland.** | ficient |
| *         |          | and     | form and    |           | compon  |
| *Floating |          | exceeds | timing of   | **These   | ents.** |
| and       |          | 75%.**  | app         | specify   |         |
| leveling  |          |         | lication(s) | timing,   | **On    |
| row       |          | **Also  | shall be    | ap        | sta     |
| middles   |          | follow  | managed to  | plication | tionary |
| after     |          | proper  | minimize    | methods,  | and     |
| orchard   |          | liquid  | vol         | m         | p       |
| crop has  |          | manure  | atilization | aterials, | ortable |
| been      |          | man     | losses.**   | storage   | engines |
| harvested |          | agement |             | and water | such as |
| reduces   |          | pra     | **When      | m         | irr     |
| dust      |          | ctices, | liquid      | anagement | igation |
| g         |          | in      | forms of    | for       | pumps,  |
| eneration |          | cluding | manure are  | site      | e       |
| during    |          | use of  | applied     | -specific | valuate |
| following |          | a       | with        | field     | the     |
| harvest** |          | dequate | irrigation  | co        | feas    |
|           |          | flush   | equipment,  | nditions. | ibility |
|           |          | v       | modifying   | Immediate | of      |
|           |          | olumes, | the         | inco      | partic  |
|           |          | use     | equipment   | rporation | ipating |
|           |          | solids  | can reduce  | of manure | in a    |
|           |          | sep     | the         | into soil | r       |
|           |          | arator, | potential   | greatly   | etrofit |
|           |          | inject  | for         | reduces   | pro     |
|           |          | or      | vol         | emi       | gram.** |
|           |          | inco    | atilization | ssions.** |         |
|           |          | rporate | of nitrogen |           | **      |
|           |          | into    | from the    | **Methods | Utilize |
|           |          | soil,   | time the    | for       | cleaner |
|           |          | i       | manure      | reducing  | burning |
|           |          | rrigate | leaves the  | ammonia   | fuels   |
|           |          | ac      | application | ap        | such as |
|           |          | cording | equipment   | plication | natural |
|           |          | to crop | until it    | from      | gas,    |
|           |          | sche    | reaches the | inorganic | bio     |
|           |          | dule.** | soil        | f         | diesel, |
|           |          |         | surface     | ertilizer | elect   |
|           |          |         | (e.g.       | include:  | ricity, |
|           |          |         | reduced     | injection | and     |
|           |          |         | pressure,   | into      | refor   |
|           |          |         | drop down   | moist     | mulated |
|           |          |         | tubes for   | soil,     | low     |
|           |          |         | center      | injection | sulfur  |
|           |          |         | pivots). N  | into dry  | diesel  |
|           |          |         | vol         | soil, top | fuel.** |
|           |          |         | atilization | dress and |         |
|           |          |         | from manure | in        | *       |
|           |          |         | in a        | corporate | *Reduce |
|           |          |         | surface     | imm       | tillage |
|           |          |         | irrigation  | ediately, | operat  |
|           |          |         | system will | water in  | ions.** |
|           |          |         | be reduced  | through   |         |
|           |          |         | when        | ir        | **      |
|           |          |         | applied     | rigation; | Utilize |
|           |          |         | under a     | water     | the     |
|           |          |         | crop        | applied   | least   |
|           |          |         | canopy.**   | within 24 | engine  |
|           |          |         |             | hours of  | hor     |
|           |          |         |             | f         | sepower |
|           |          |         |             | ertilizer | r       |
|           |          |         |             | app       | equired |
|           |          |         |             | lication; | to get  |
|           |          |         |             | top dress | the job |
|           |          |         |             | without   | done.** |
|           |          |         |             | m         |         |
|           |          |         |             | echanical |         |
|           |          |         |             | or        |         |
|           |          |         |             | i         |         |
|           |          |         |             | rrigation |         |
|           |          |         |             | incorpo   |         |
|           |          |         |             | ration.** |         |
+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+

+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+
| *         | **       | **C     | **Cropland  | *         | **C     |
| *Cropland | Cropland | ropland | Practices   | *Cropland | ropland |
| Practices | P        | Pr      | to Reduce   | Practices | Pr      |
| to Reduce | ractices | actices | Greenhouse  | to Reduce | actices |
| Dust/Pa   | to       | to      | Gas         | Ammonia   | to      |
| rticulate | Reduce   | Reduce  | Emissions** | Loss**    | Reduce  |
| Matter    | Smoke    | Odor**  |             |           | Ozone   |
| Em        | Emi      |         |             |           | Precu   |
| issions** | ssions** |         |             |           | rsors** |
+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+
| **Wetting | **Ac     | **Avoid | **To reduce |           |         |
| the soil  | ceptable | a       | carbon      |           |         |
| surface   | alt      | pplying | dioxide and |           |         |
| before    | ernative | manure  | nitrous     |           |         |
| mowing    | disposal | and     | oxide:      |           |         |
| will      | methods  | organic | reduce or   |           |         |
| reduce    | of       | byp     | eliminate   |           |         |
| dust      | com      | roducts | burning of  |           |         |
| pa        | bustible | upwind  | a           |           |         |
| rticulate | m        | of      | gricultural |           |         |
| matter    | aterials | o       | residues    |           |         |
| emissions | such as  | ccupied | (refer to   |           |         |
| into the  | trays,   | str     | smoke       |           |         |
| air. Use  | bags,    | uctures | column).    |           |         |
| of newer  | and      | when    | Biomass     |           |         |
| equipment | sacks    | re      | collection  |           |         |
| designed  | will be  | sidents | of          |           |         |
| for dust  | pu       | are     | a           |           |         |
| r         | rsued.** | likely  | gricultural |           |         |
| eductions |          | to be   | residues to |           |         |
| is        |          | home**  | be used as  |           |         |
| recom     |          |         | feed stocks |           |         |
| mended.** |          |         | for energy  |           |         |
|           |          |         | production  |           |         |
|           |          |         | and using   |           |         |
|           |          |         | them to     |           |         |
|           |          |         | offset      |           |         |
|           |          |         | fossil      |           |         |
|           |          |         | carbon      |           |         |
|           |          |         | energy      |           |         |
|           |          |         | sources can |           |         |
|           |          |         | reduce the  |           |         |
|           |          |         | need for    |           |         |
|           |          |         | burning.    |           |         |
|           |          |         | Sufficient  |           |         |
|           |          |         | biomass     |           |         |
|           |          |         | should be   |           |         |
|           |          |         | left on the |           |         |
|           |          |         | surface to  |           |         |
|           |          |         | maintain    |           |         |
|           |          |         | soil        |           |         |
|           |          |         | quality.**  |           |         |
+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+
| **Ut      | **When   | **Win   | **To reduce |           | **.**   |
| ilization | there    | dbreaks | methane     |           |         |
| of newer  | are no   | or      | emissions:  |           |         |
| certified | options  | her     | Capture,    |           |         |
| diesel    | a        | baceous | utilize, or |           |         |
| engines,  | vailable | wind    | reduce      |           |         |
| electric, | except   | b       | methane     |           |         |
| and       | burning, | arriers | emissions   |           |         |
| al        | ac       | may be  | from animal |           |         |
| ternative | tivities | a       | waste       |           |         |
| fueled    | will     | viable  | storage,    |           |         |
| engines   | comply   | option  | including   |           |         |
| will      | with     | in      | manage to   |           |         |
| produce   | Pr       | mo      | reduce      |           |         |
| less      | escribed | difying | methane     |           |         |
| partic    | Burning, | wind    | emissions,  |           |         |
| ulates.** | Standard | speed   | such as     |           |         |
|           | 338, and | and     | composting, |           |         |
|           | comply   | direc   | convert to  |           |         |
|           | with     | tion.** | aerobic     |           |         |
|           | approved |         | systems,    |           |         |
|           | written  | **Tree  | convert to  |           |         |
|           | burn     | va      | anaerobic   |           |         |
|           | plan. In | rieties | digester    |           |         |
|           | this     | and     | technology  |           |         |
|           | case,    | pl      | with        |           |         |
|           | steps    | acement | methane     |           |         |
|           | must be  | for the | capture**   |           |         |
|           | taken to | wi      |             |           |         |
|           | minimize | ndbreak |             |           |         |
|           | em       | should  |             |           |         |
|           | issions, | be      |             |           |         |
|           | i        | managed |             |           |         |
|           | ncluding | to      |             |           |         |
|           | proper   | m       |             |           |         |
|           | ve       | aximize |             |           |         |
|           | getative | odor    |             |           |         |
|           | mana     | inter   |             |           |         |
|           | gement** | ception |             |           |         |
|           |          | and     |             |           |         |
|           | **(      | d       |             |           |         |
|           | stacking | ilution |             |           |         |
|           | and/or   | of air, |             |           |         |
|           | drying), | and     |             |           |         |
|           | proper   | reduce  |             |           |         |
|           | timing   | odor    |             |           |         |
|           | of the   | leaving |             |           |         |
|           | burn,    | the     |             |           |         |
|           | proper   | so      |             |           |         |
|           | pre      | urce.** |             |           |         |
|           | paration |         |             |           |         |
|           | prior to |         |             |           |         |
|           | ig       |         |             |           |         |
|           | nition** |         |             |           |         |
+-----------+----------+---------+-------------+-----------+---------+

**Linda Scheffe, 2008**