**NEEDLE-FREE INJECTION TECHNOLOGY**

**[BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES](#bibliographic-references) (p.
[[6]{.underline}](#bibliographic-references))**

[**DEVICE & MANUFACTURER ROSTER (p.
[[[93]{.underline}]{.mark}](#device-manufacturer-roster)**[]{.mark}**)**](#device-manufacturer-roster)

**[PATENTS LIST](#patents-list) (p.**
**[[108]{.underline}](#patents-list))**

**and [GENERAL/MISCELLANEOUS
RESOURCES](#general-miscellaneous-resources) (p.**
**[[115]{.underline}](#general-miscellaneous-resources))**

**last update: 2007 Oct 18**

(Available at: <http://www.cdc.gov/nip/dev/jetinject.htm#bibliography>)

**[New or updated entries added since previous website posting of file
dated 2006-Aug-31:]{.underline}**

> [References](#bibliographic-references): Abell1973a, Abell1973b,
> Adamo2005, Alibek1999, Anonymous1948, Anonymous1991, Antares2004,
> Arora2007, Benohanian-undated, Benohanian2005, Bioject1997,
> Bleeker1974, Bleeker1975, Catanzaro2007, CDC2006, Cigna2006,
> Cutts1997, DoD1997, DoD1998, Efimov1989, Gaylarde1972, Graham2006,
> Hallermalm2007, Iatskova1988, Katoulis1989, Khitrov1993, Khitrov1994,
> Khitrov1997, Khitrov2005, Kim2007, Lamontagne2002, Machado1976,
> Martin2006, Medi-JectorVision2004, Mitragotri2005, Mumper2003,
> Petersen1977 (renamed from CDC1977), Provotorov1990a,b,c,
> Provotorov1991, Rees1937, Rudenko1984, Schwartz####, Shergold2006,
> Sheets2006a, Sheets2006b, Sinha2005, Stewart1995, Tavel2007,
> Triau1979, Velussi####-1, -2, -3, Verbov1976, WHO2006, Woods2004,
> Yoong2007, Zarzecka2006

[Devices:](#device-manufacturer-roster) Avant Guardian 101,
Cool.click^®^, Glide™, Omnijet, Pro-Jeey 2000, SQ-PEN™, SQ-X™,

[Patents](#patents-list): US 6056716, US 6746429

**[Acknowledgements:]{.underline}**

Bibliography initiation, 1994-1995 -- Lisa Lindsay, Emory Univ.

Russian translations/summaries, 1999-2002 -- Dr. Vitali Pool, CDC

German translation, 2003 -- Dr. Katrin Kohl, CDC

Bibliographic retrievals and collection, 1998-2000 -- Robyn Kaiser,
Emory Univ.

Update, April-May, 2002 -- Christine Korhonen, Emory Univ.

> Barclay1962 -- Joanne Penkalski, Academy of Medicine
> Cleveland/Northern Ohio Medical Association
>
> Béclard/Galante1866, Galante1866/1885 -- Bernadette Molitor & Marie
> Peyraube, Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de Médecine, Paris, France
>
> Benenson1959b -- John Grabenstein, US Army
>
> CDC1977 - Miriam Alter, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center
> for Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta; Walter Bond (CDC, retired)
>
> Kalabus1967 -- Lorraine S. Cox, Maurice Hilleman, Merck & Co, Inc.,
> West Point, PA
>
> Linder1979 -- Darin Zehrung, PATH, Seattle, Washington
>
> Noble1975 -- Charles H. Hoke, Walter Reed
>
> Schön1965 -- Urda Guse, Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek, Lübeck, Germany
>
> Spiegel1994a -- Philippe Stoeckel, Association pour l'Aide à la
> Médecine Préventive, Paris; Betty Dodet, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon,
> France
>
> Hungarian references -- Dr. Elemer K. Zsigmond, University of
> Illinois, Chicago

**[Legend]{.underline}**:

\~R.200#MonDay**:** Reprint copy requested on date indicated.

**Double-indented items**: Paper copy not yet received or not yet filed.

**\*ID:** Article on intradermal vaccination but NOT via needle-free
injection device.

**[Kindly please address any additions, updates, corrections, and
suggestions to:]{.underline}**

Bruce G. Weniger, MD

bgw2(-at-)cdc.gov

Fax: \[+1\] 404-639-8834

**[TEMPORARY STORAGE -- Not yet ordered, filed, and
alphabetized]{.underline}**

\~R pending Binder, C.: \"Absorption of injected insulin: a clinical
pharmacological study\", Acta. Tharmacol. Toxical, 1969; 27: (supp. 2):
9-84.  

\~R pending Becks, G.; Champion, M.; Rodger, N.; Dupre, J.: \"Comparison
of conventional twice-daily subcutaneous needle injections to multiple
jet injections of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus\", Clin, Invest.
Med., 1981; 4:338  

\~R pending Raskin, P.: \"Diabetic regulation and its relationship to
microangiopathy\", Metabolism, 1978; 27: 235-252.  

\~R pending Rizza, R.A.; Gerich, J.E.; Haymond, M.W.; Westland, R.E.;
Hall, L.D.; Clemens, A.H.; Service, F.J.: \"Control of blood sugar in
insulin dependent diabetes: Comparison of an artificial endocrine
pancreas, continuos subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensified
conventional insulin therapy\", New England J.Med., 1980; 303:
1313-1318.  

\~R pending Tchobroutsky, G.:\"Relation of diabetic control to
development of microvascular complications\", Diabetologia, 1978;
15:143-152.  

\~R pending Tamboriane, W.V.; Sherwin, R.S.; Genel, M.; Felig, P.:
\"Outpatient treatment of juvenile onset diabetes with a preprogrammed
portable subcutaneous insulin infusion system\", Am.J.Med., 1980;
68:190-196.  

\~R pending Pehing, G.B.; Gerich, J.E.: \"Comparison of plasma insulin
profiles after subcutaneous administration of insulin by jet spray and
conventional needle injection in patients with insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus\", Mayo Clinic. Proc., 1984; 59:751-754.  

\~R pending Chon; ML; Hingson, R.A.; Narduzzi, J.V.; Seddon, J.M.:
\"Clinical experience with jet insulin injection in diabetes mellitus
therapy: A clue to the pathogenesis of lipodystrophy\", Ala. J. Med.
Sci., 1974: 11:265-272.  

\~R pending Linmayer, I; Menasse, K.; Lambert, J.; Moghrabi, A.;
Legendre, L.; Legault, C.; Letendre, M.; Halle, J.P.: \"Development of
new jet injector for insulin therapy\", Diabetes Care, 1986;
9:294-297.  

\~R pending Schade, D.; Eaton, R.: \"A clinician's guide to subcutaneous
insulin infusion based on the kinetics of insulin absorption for
subcutaneous tissue\", In: Peterson, C.M., ed. Diabetes management in
the 80's. New York: Praeger, 1982; 110-115.  

\~R pending Halle, J.P.; Lambert, J.; Lindmayer, I.; Menassa, K.; Coutu,
F.; Moghrabi, A.; Legendre, L; Legault, C.; and Lalumiere, G.;
\"Twice-daily Mixed Regular and NPH insulin injections with new jet
injector versus conventional syringes: Pharmacokinetics of Insulin
absorption\", Diabetes Care, 1986; 9: 279-282.  

\~R pending Chiasson, J.L.; Ducros, F.; Paliquin-Hamet, M; Lopez, D.; Le
Cavalier, L.; and Hamet, P.: \"Continuous subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
versus multiple injections in the treatment of insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus and the effect of metabolic control of
microangiopahty\", Diabetes Care, 1984; 7:311-337. 

\~R pending [Stroganov VN, Krainii VA, Voronkov
AI.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6730380&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Problems in organizing the mass immunization of servicemen\] Voen Med
Zh. 1984 Apr;(4):58-9. PMID: 6730380

\~R pending [Suloeva RP, Ziukina
OV.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6553746&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Use of jet injectors for mass tuberculin diagnosis\] Med Sestra. 1983
May;42(5):40-1. Russian. PMID: 6553746

\~R pending [Lankin BN, Ivasenko
PI.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6572453&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Protective device for the tip of the dental jet injector (BI-8)\].
Stomatologiia (Mosk). 1983 Jan-Feb;62(1):79-80. Russian. PMID: 6572453

\~R pending [Iurkuvenas VB, Zak MR, Sangaila IV, Gurchinas SV, Tarbunas
SI.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=7090351&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Experience with the use of immunoglobulin prophylaxis of hepatitis A
in the Lithuanian SSR. The prophylactic action of different doses of a
commercial immunoglobulin in a pre-epidemic period\] Vopr Virusol.
Mar-Apr 1982;27(2):241-243. Russian. PMID: 7090351

\~R pending [Gurfinkel\'
LN.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6953644&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Device for attaching the BI-8 dental injector\] Stomatologiia (Mosk).
1982 Mar-Apr;(2):72-3. Russian. PMID: 6953644

\~R pending [Ishkil\'din
MI.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=7331254&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Revaccination of servicemen against tuberculosis by the jet method\]
Voen Med Zh. 1981 Dec;(12):46-8. Russian. PMID: 7331254

\~R pending [Ivannikov IuG, Efimenko IB, Marinich IG, Luk\'ianov IuV,
Naikhin
AN.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=6449811&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Evaluation of mass influenza prevention effectiveness using an
inactivated chromatographic vaccine in Leningrad\] Zh Mikrobiol
Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1980 Nov;(11):18-27. Russian. PMID: 6449811

\~R pending [Ishkil\'din
MI.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=7434643&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Organization of protective inoculations using jet injectors\] Voen Med
Zh. 1980 Sep;(9):71-2. Russian. PMID: 7434643

\~R pending [Vasmanova EV, Azrel\'ian
BA.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=159521&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Use of the Soviet BI-8 jet injector for local anesthesia in pediatric
stomatology\] Stomatologiia (Mosk). 1979 Nov-Dec;58(6):29-33. Russian.
PMID: 159521

\~R pending [Ladnyi
ID.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=696093&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Global program for eliminating smallpox. IV. Chief stages,
organizational principles and assessment of the global program for
smallpox elimination\] Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1978
Jul;(7):38-44. Russian. PMID: 696093

\~R pending [Imamaliev
OG.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=636339&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Use of jet injectors in immunization\] Voen Med Zh. 1978
Feb;(2):66-70. Russian. PMID: 636339

\~R pending [Rybakov AI, Konobevtsev OF, Azrel\'ian BA, Gigauri VS,
Panikarovskii
VV.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=270827&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Development and introduction of Soviet-made jet injectors into dental
practice\] Stomatologiia (Mosk). 1977 Nov-Dec;56(6):22-5. Russian. PMID:
270827

\~R pending [Risaliev DD, Zagliadina VF, Dudarenko
AA.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=22190&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Use of the jet method of immunization of the population of Osha
district\] Zdravookhr Kirg. 1977 May-Jun;(3):55-6. Russian. PMID: 22190

\~R pending [Chernos VI, Unanov SS, Antonova TP, Nemtsov IM,
Andzhaparidze
OG.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=333762&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Study of the properties of a tissue smallpox vaccine manufactured by
the Moscow Research Institute of Viral Preparations\]. Vopr Virusol.
1977;(1):71-6. Russian. PMID: 333762

\~R pending [Unanov SS, Bochkov RA, Alekseeva AK, Kaptosova TI,
Levchenko
EN.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=143795&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Results of studying a live mumps vaccine from strain L-3 manufactured
by the Moscow Research Institute of Viral Preparations. The
epidemiological effectiveness of the vaccine\] Vopr Virusol.
1977;(1):59-61. Russian. PMID: 143795

\~R pending [Burgasov PN, Cherkasskii BL, Knop AG, Utegenov
KU.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1015076&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Epidemiologic effectiveness of anthrax vaccine STI\] Zh Mikrobiol
Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1976 Sep;(9):27-35. Russian. PMID: 1015076

\~R pending [Selidovkin DA, Ignatov IuI, Aksenov
LA.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1202887&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Experience in using jet injectors for mass immunization against
infectious diseases. II. Some characteristics of the organization of a
mass inoculation campaign among an urban population\] Zh Mikrobiol
Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1975 Aug;(8):86-9. Russian. PMID: 1202887

\~R pending [Shaidullin MS, Sapozhnikov
IM.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1179679&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Use of local jet anesthesia in stomatology\] Voen Med Zh. 1975
Aug;(8):65-6. Russian. PMID: 1179679

\~R pending [Zelikson
IuI.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1218611&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Jet injections\] Farmatsiia. 1975 Jul-Aug;24(4):90-1. Russian. PMID:
1218611

\~R pending [Nikolaevskii GP, Popova
EB.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1098163&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[History of development of the jet method of injecting substances and
of the instruments for its accomplishment\] Sov Med. 1975 Mar;(3):50-3.
Russian. PMID: 1098163

\~R pending [Burgasov PN, Gigauri VS, Smoliarov
BV.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4616554&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Design to improve the spread of the substance in jet injections\] Zh
Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1974 Dec;(12):59-62. Russian. PMID:
4616554

\~R pending [Rogachev VT, Smoliarov
BV.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4449440&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Jet injectors\] Med Tekh. 1974 Sep-Oct;(5):52-4. Russian. PMID:
4449440

\~R pending [Balabaniuk
IV.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4460337&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Intradermal immunization with smallpox vaccine using a jet injector\]
Voen Med Zh. 1974 Jun;(6):40-1. Russian. PMID: 4460337

\~R pending [Shakhtmeister IIa, Gigauri VS, Ivanov LV, Shaporenko MV,
Popova
EB.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4278398&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Use of Soviet-made needleless injectors in dermatological practice\]
Vestn Dermatol Venerol. 1974;48(7):76-9. Russian. PMID: 4278398

\~R pending [Maslauskiene
TP.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4780308&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Use of jet injector, Pchelka, for BCG vaccination\] Pediatriia. 1973
Sep;52(9):60. Russian. PMID: 4780308

\~R pending [Beliakov VD, Ishkil\'din MI, Khokhlov DT, Il\'chenko
AA.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4763542&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Some characteristics of various models of jet injectors\] Voen Med Zh.
1973 Jan;1:54-7. Russian. PMID: 4763542

\~R pending [Gigauri VS, Matveev VA, Popova EB, Rogachev VT, Smoliarov
BV.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4587276&query_hl=18&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
\[Soviet-manufacture jet injectors\] Voen Med Zh. 1973 Jan;1:57-9.
Russian. PMID: 4587276

\~R pending R. C. Briel und S. Kunz. Heparinspiegel nach Hysterektomien
unter low dose-Prophylaxe mit unterschiedlichen Heparinpräparationen und
Applikationsformen. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. October
1981;232(1-4):689-690. ISSN: 0932-0067 (Print) 1432-0711.

\~R pending Falk ES. \[Intradermal administration of steroids with the
Port-O-Jet\] Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1979 May 20;99(14):708-10.
Norwegian. PMID: 462432

\~R pending [Jacobsen
KU.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=867555&query_hl=4&itool=pubmed_docsum)
\[Port-o-jet treatment of localized dermatoses\] Ugeskr Laeger. 1977 May
30;139(22):1285-8. Danish. PMID: 867555

\~R pending [Peachey RD, Pye RJ, Harman
RR.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=952744&query_hl=4&itool=pubmed_docsum)
The treatment of psoriatic nail dystrophy with intradermal steroid
injections. Br J Dermatol. 1976 Jul;95(1):75-8. PMID: 952744

# BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

{Abb1981} Abb J, Deinhardt F, Eisenberg J. The risk of transmission of
hepatitis B virus using jet injection in inoculation. J Infect Dis
August 1981;144(2):176-179.

\[MUNJI safety\]

\~R 2006Dec06 {Abell1973a} Abell E, Munro DD. Intralesional treatment of
alopecia areata with triamcinolone acetonide by jet injector. Br J
Dermatol. 1973;88:55-[??]{.mark}.

> \[Porton, Port-O-Jet\]

\~R 2006Dec06 {Abell1973b} Abell E, Samman PD. Intradermal triamcinolone
treatment of nail dystrophies. Br J Dermatol. 1973;89:191-[???]{.mark}.

> \[Porton, Port-O-Jet\]

{Abell1973c} Abell E, Samman PD. Intradermal triamcinolone acetonide
injection in the yellow nail syndrome.. Trans St. John's Hospital
Dermatological Society. 1973;59:114-117.

> \[Porton, Port-O-Jet\]

\~R 2003Aug22 {Acheson1986} Acheson D, Poole AAB. Jet Injectors. Chief
Medical Officer / Chief Nursing Officer circular 16, 1986. London:
Department of Health and Social Services.

{Ackerman1995} Ackerman WE, Kennedy LD. An alternate method for
intercostal blockade for the management of post herpetic neuralgia. J
Kentucky Med Assoc. Feb 1995;93(2):56-58.

> \[Med-E-Jet®, bupivacaine\]

{Adamo2005} Adamo JE, Meseda CA, Soto J, Muller JM, Weir JP.
Immunogenicity of West Nile Virus-like Particles in Mice. Washington,
DC: Food and Drug Administration, 2005 FDA Science Forum (Sigma Xi, The
Scientific Research Society, Food and Drug Adminstration Chapter),
poster abstract #272, session J-01
(<http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~frf/forum05/abs05ct.html#J>)

\[Biojector 2000\]

{Agafonov1969} Agafonov VI, Vorob\'ev AA, Beliakov VD, Marennikova SS,
Shtunderenko GV, Nekrasov IL, Il\'chenko AA, Averburg VV, Krasnikov AV,
Lukin EP, Gnuchev NN, Vaniushin SP, Akatova**-**Shelukhina EM,
Ishkil\'din MI. Opyt provedeniia vaktsinatsii protiv ospy bezygol\'nym
metodom \[Experience in performing vaccination against smallpox by the
needleless method\]. Voenno**-**meditsinskii Zhurnal \[Military Medical
Journal\] (Russia) Jun 1969;6:48**-**50.

> \[*Agafonov1969* compared 488 soldiers receiving traditional
> scarification with 1000 receiving smallpox vaccine with the BIP-4 jet
> injector. Vaccine "takes" were 98% in BIP-4 group and 93% in
> scarification group, with no complications observed. Conclusions:
> BIP-4 vaccinates 1,500 persons per hour, 23 times faster than
> scarification method. Vaccination teams should include 1 MD or
> physician assistant and 2 persons to help clean injection site.\]

{Agafonov1970} Agafonov VI, Vorob\'ev AA, Nekrasov IL, Lukin EP, Nikonov
VA. Tekhnika provedeniia vaktsinatsii bezygol\'nym in\"ektorom BIP**-**4
\[Technic of carrying out vaccinations with the needleless injector
BIP**-**4\]. Voenno**-**meditsinskii Zhurnal \[Military Medical
Journal\] (Russia) Jul 1970;7:51**-**52.

> \[*Agafonov1970* describe [P]{.underline}neumatic [J]{.underline}et
> [I]{.underline}njector ([B]{.underline} [I]{.underline}
> [P]{.underline}) BIP-4 device (includes photograph), weighing 1,500 g,
> using air or nitrogen power, consuming 10 liters per 1000 injections.
> Accepts 10-100 mL vials. Can be used for ID, SC, or IM injections. 10%
> of the time a blood droplet appears after injection.\]

{Agafonov1972} Agafonov VI, Babkin EI, Vdovin DG, Vorobeichikov VM,
Vorobiev AA, Gamieshko KP, Gapochko KG, Gefen NE, Evstigneev VI,
Emelyanova OV, Zemskov EM, Imamaliev OG, Kamalov II, Kvirkadze VV,
Kutyrev PA, Misnikov OP, Pushkarev VP, Rozhdestvensky DA.
Sravnitel\'naia kharakteristika proizvoditel\'nosti razlichnykh metodov
immunizatsii protiv chumy \[Comparative characteristics of
productiveness of various methods of plague immunization\]. Zh Mikrobiol
Epidemiol Immunobiol (Russia) Nov 1972;49(11):106**-**112.

> \[*Agafonov1972* compared oral, "aerogenic", and jet injection (BIP-4)
> routes of plague vaccine immunization, which each proved to be 10 to
> 15 times more productive in comparison with subcutaneous and "skin"
> methods.\]

{Agafonov1973} Agafonov VI, Beliakov VD, Ishkil\'din MI, Khokhlov DT,
Rabinovich IaD, Ilchenko AA, Karibskaya NV. Immunologicheskaia
effektivnost\' privivok protiv ospy i tuliaremii bezygol\'nym metodom
\[Russian: Immunological effectiveness of immunization against smallpox
and tularemia by the jet injection method\]. Voenno**-**meditsinskii
Zhurnal \[Military Medical Journal\] (Russia) Apr 1973;4:48**-**51.

> \[*Agafonov1973* compared immunogenicity and safety of both
> needle-free and conventional vaccination routes (needle injection or
> scarification, respectively) for tularemia and smallpox vaccines. They
> found comparable safety and immune responses, with titers somewhat
> higher for jet injection than the conventional route for both
> vaccines.\]

{Agafonov1973e} \[[English translation of above article]{.smallcaps}\]
Agafonov VI, Belyakov VD, Ishkildin MI, Khokhlov DT, Rabinovitch YaD,
Ilchenko AA, Karibskaya NV. Immunilogical \[*sic*\] efficiency
anti-smallpox and anti-tularemia needle-free injections. Originally
published in: Voenno**-**meditsinskii Zhurnal \[Military Medical
Journal\] (Russia) Apr 1973;4:48**-**51

{Agafonov1974} Agafonov VI, Babkin EI, Bulatova TI, Gamleshko GP,
Gapochko KG. Bezygol\'nyi metod immunizatsii assotsiirovannymi
sorbirovannymi vaktsinami \[Russian: Jet method of immunizing with
associated adsorbed vaccines\]. Voenno**-**meditsinskii Zhurnal
\[Military Medical Journal\] (Russia) Dec 1974;(12):44**-**48.

> \[*Agafonov1974* compared needle and syringe with BI-2 and BI-3 jet
> injectors in guinea pigs and human cadavers. Guinea pigs showed less
> tissue damage than with old BIP-4 model. The BI-2 device delivered 1.0
> mL doses of typhoid polyanatoxin vaccine (TAB~te~), botulism toxoid,
> and/or tetanus toxoid to 1,581 soldiers, while the BI-3 was used for
> 1001 soldiers. Efficacy was comparable. Reactogenicity was "bearable".

{Agafonov1977} Agafonov VI, Vorobiev AA, Gapochko KG, Marennikova SS,
Patrikeev GT, Babkin EI, Litvinova AP, Shenkman LS, Dorokhina TV,
Podkuiko VN, Slobodin AZ, Shernoschekov KA, Borodai AP, Emelyanova OV.
Sravnitel\'naia otsenka sredstv i metodov immunizatsii liudei protiv
natural\'noi ospy \[Comparative assessment of the means and methods of
immunizing humans against smallpox\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol
(Russia) Jun 1977;(6):31**-**35.

> \[oral, ID, jet injection\]

{Agafonov1978} Agafonov VI, Bulatova TI, Gamleshko KhP, Gapochko KG,
Gorodetskii RD. Effektivnost\' kompleksnoi immunizatsii briushnotifoznoi
vaktsinoi s poliana**-**toksinom v sochetanii s chumnym i ospennym
antigenam \[Effectiveness of comprehensive immunization with typhoid
fever vaccine and polyanatoxin in combination with plague and small pox
antigens\]. Voenno**-**meditsinskii Zhurnal \[Military Medical Journal\]
(Russia) Oct 1978;(10):51**-**4

> \[*Agafonov1978* studied immunogenicity of simultaneous administration
> of typhoid polianatoxin vaccine via needle-free jet injection, plus
> oral smallpox, and oral plague vaccines. Immunogenicity was comparable
> to similar vaccines given by themselves. The frequency of systemic
> reactions to the typhoid vaccine by needle-free injection was 6.9%,
> while local reactions were 82% - 93%.\]

\~R {Agboton1969a} Agboton Y. Colloque sur le contrôle de la rougeole en
Afrique Tropicale **-** Chapitre 8: Les injecteurs sans aiguille DERMO
JET et MULTIJET. VIème Journée Médicales de Dakar, 13**-**18 Janvier
1969.

\[Dermojet\]

{Agboton1969b} Agboton Y. Les injecteurs sans aiguilles. II Dermo-Jet et
Multijet. Médecine Afrique Noire 1969;16:33-37.

\[Dermojet\]

{Aguiar2001} Aguiar JC, Hedstrom RC, Rogers WO, Charoenvit Y, Sacci JB
Jr, Lanar DE, Majam VF, Stout RR, Hoffman SL. Enhancement of the immune
response in rabbits to a malaria DNA vaccine by immunization with a
needlefree jet device. Vaccine 2001;20:275--280.

> \[Biojector 2000 with investigational spacer\]

**\*ID** {Ajjan1980} Ajjan N, Soulebot JP, Triau R, Biron G. Intradermal
immunization with rabies vaccine. Inactivated Wistar strain cultivated
in human diploid cells. JAMA 1980 Dec 5;244(22):2528**-**2531.

{Aksenenko1972} Aksenenko GR. (Russian title pending) \[Use of a jet
injector in the practice of human immunization\] Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol
Immunobiol. Sep 1972;49(9):28-33 (PMID: 4653085).

{Alibek1999} Alibek K, Handelman S. *Biohazard: The Chilling True Story
of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World\--Told
from Inside by the Man Who Ran It.* New York, NY: Dell Publishing; 1999.

{Amara2001} Amara RR, Villinger F, Altman JD, Lydy SL, O'Neil SP,
Staprans SI, Montefiori DC, Xu Y, Herndon JG, Wyatt LS, Candido MA,
Kozyr NL, Earl PL, Smith JM, Ma HL, Grimm BD, Hulsey ML, Miller J,
McClure HM, McNicholl JM, Moss B, and Robinson HL: Control of a mucosal
challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine.
Science 2001;292:69--74.

> \[Biojector\]
>
> {Amara2002} Amara RR, Smith JM, Staprans SI, Montefiori DC, Villinger
> F, Altman JD, O\'Neil SP, Kozyr NL, Xu Y, Wyatt LS, Earl PL, Herndon
> JG, McNicholl JM, McClure HM, Moss B, Robinson HL. Critical role for
> Env as well as Gag-Pol in control of a simian human immunodeficiency
> virus 89.6P challenge by a DNA prime/recombinant modified vaccinia
> virus Ankara vaccine. J Virol 2002;76: 6138-6146.

{AmatoNeto1974} Amato Neto V, Finger H, Gotschlich EC, Feldman RA, de
Avila CA, Konichi SR, Laus WC. Serologic response to serogroup C
meningococcal vaccine in Brazilian preschool children. Rev Inst Med Trop
Sao Paulo, May-Jun 1974;16(3):149-153.

> \[Ped-O-Jet\]

{AmericanDiabetesAssociation1998} American Diabetes Association.
Clinical Practice Recommendations 1998: Insulin administration (position
statement). Diabetes Care 1998;21(Suppl. 1):s72-s76.

{Anderson1958} Anderson EA, Lindberg RB, Hunter DH. Report of
large-scale field trial of jet injection in immunization for influenza.
JAMA 1958;167(5):549-552.

\[Presso-jet\]

{Anonymous 1948} Anonymous. Jet injection. Br Med J. 6 Nov
1948;2([\###]{.mark}):830.

> \[Hypospray, original model\]

{Anonymous 1958} Anonymous. Jet injection. Br Med J 1958;5093:438.

{Anonymous 1966} Anonymous. Vaccination by Jet. Br Med J December 31,
1966:1610.

{Anonymous 1970} Anonymous. Jet vaccination. Br Med J Oct 10,
1970;4(727):64**-**5.

{Anonymous 1980} Anonymous. Subcutaneous injections and absorption of
insulin \[editorial\]. Lancet 1980;1:1005-1007.

{Anonymous1991} O vozobnovlenii ispol\'zovaniia bezygol\'nykh
in\"ektorov tipa BI-1M dlia provedeniia allergodiagnostiki \[Reuse of
jet injectors of the BI-1M type in the performance of allergic
diagnosis\]. Problemy tuberkuleza (Russia). 1991;(11):55 (PMID 1775464).

{Anonymous1997} Anonymous. Bioject\'s painless injections \[news\]. Nat
Biotechnol 1997 Feb;15(2):116.

\[Biojector\]

{Anonymous1999} Anonymous. Can jet**-**injector devices transmit
pathogens? J Occup Environ Med 1999 Jul;41(7):533**-**534.

{Antares2004} Antares Pharma, Inc. Executive Informational Overview:
Specialty Drug Delivery/Pharmaceutical Opportunity. Exton, PA: Antares
Pharma, Inc. (Crystal Research Associates, LLC); 2004:1-47, plus
acknowledgement page.
<http://www.antarespharma.com/pdf/ANT0006_FactSht6_web.pdf>

{Anwer1999} Anwer K; Earle KA; Shi M; Wang J; Mumper RJ; Proctor B;
Jansa K; Ledebur HC; Davis S; Eaglstein W; Rolland AP. Synergistic
effect of formulated plasmid and needle**-**free injection for genetic
vaccines. Pharm Res 1999 Jun;16(6):889**-**895.

> \[Medi-jector\]

{Arnbjerg1973} Arnbjerg J, Sonnichsen HV. Lokal, intravenos analgesi
\[Local, intravenous analgesia\]. Nord Vet Med Nov
1973;25(11):575**-**9.

{Arora2007} Arora A, Hakim I, Baxter J, Rathnasingham R, Srinivasan R,
Fletcher DA, Mitragotri S. Needle-free delivery of macromolecules across
the skin by nanoliter-volume pulsed microjets. Proc Nat Acad Sci.
2007;104:4255-4260.

{Artenstein1971} Artenstein MS, Branche WC Jr, Zimmerly JG, Cohen RL,
Tramont EC, Kasper DL, Harkins C. Meningococcal infections. 3. Studies
of group A polysaccharide vaccines. Bull World Health Organ.
1971;45(3):283-286.

{Artus1966} Artus JC. Vaccination de masse par le vaccin souche
Rockefeller 17 D au Sénégal. Utilisation des \"Ped**-**o**-**Jet\"
\[Mass vaccination with the Rockefeller 17 D strain vaccine in Senegal.
Use of \"Ped**-**o**-**Jet\"\]. Médecine Tropicale (Marseille, France)
Sep**-**Oct 1966;26(5):527**-**536.

> \[yellow fever vaccine\]

{Assad1972} Assad L, Martins CR, Martins RD, Marcos B. Acão do
\"Dermo**-**jet\" sobre os tecidos da mucosa gengival \[Action of the
\"Dermo**-**jet\" on the tissues of the gingival mucosa\]. Arq Cent
Estud Fac Odontol UFMG (Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil)
Jan**-**Dec 1972;9(1):191**-**200.

\[Dermojet\]

{Aylward1995} Aylward B, Lloyd J, Zaffran M, McNair-Scott R, Evans P.
Reducing the risk of unsafe injections in immunization programmes.
Financial and operational implications of various injection
technologies. Bull World Health Organ 1995;73(4):531-540.

{Aylward1996} Aylward B, Kane M, McNair-Scott R, Hu DJ. Model-based
estimates of the risk of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B
virus transmission through unsafe injections. Intl J Epidemiol
1995;24(2):446-452. \[erratum: 1996;25:688\]

{Babiuk2003} Babiuk S, Baca-Estrada ME, Foldvari M, Baizer L, Stout R,
Storms M, Rabussay D, Widera G, Babiuk L. Needle-free topical
electroporation improves gene expression from plasmids administered in
porcine skin. Mol Ther. 2003 Dec;8(6):992-8.

> \[Biojector\]

{Baizer2001} Baizer L, Stout RR, Widera G, Babiuk S, Babiuk L. Biojector
needle-free injection enhances immune responses to a DNA vaccine.
American Association of Pharmaceutical Sciences Annual Meeting and
Exposition, 2001, poster abstract T3391. AAPS Pharm Sci 2001;3(3)
(<http://www.aapspharmaceutica.com/search/abstract_view.asp?id=1529&ct=01Abstracts>)

{Baer1996} Baer CH, Bennett WM, Folwick DA, Erickson RS. Effectiveness
of a jet injection system in administering morphine and heparin to
healthy adults. American Journal of Critical Care, January
1996;5(1):42-48.

> \[Biojector\]

\~R-2003Mar24 {Baker1999} Baker AB, Sanders JE. Fluid mechanics of a
spring-loaded jet injector. IEEE Transactions Biomechanical Engineering
1999;46:235-242.

{Bakhur1972} Bakhur EA, Naumenko YuI, Spotarenko SS. O vozmozhnosti
ispol\'zovaniia bezygol\'nogo in\'ektora Krantsa dlia vvedeniia
gamma**-**globulina \[A possibility of using Krantz jet-injector for the
administration of gamma globulin\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol
(Russia) Oct 1972;49(10):92**-**96.

> \[*Bakhur1972*: The dose accuracy of the Krantz jet injector was
> determined by weighing on analytical scales. Liquids close to the
> viscosity of water had 98% accuracy, while more viscid 10% gamma
> globulin had 93%-94% accuracy. Radioisotope methods found that only
> 57% of saline and 19% of 10% gamma globulin entered the skin from a
> 0.1 mL dose. Conclusion: dosage adjustments should be made when
> injecting serum viscous preparations with this device.\]

{Balabaniuk1974} Balabaniuk IV. \[Intradermal immunization with smallpox
vaccine using a jet injector\]. Voenno-meditsinskii Zhurnal \[Military
Medical Journal\] (Russia) June 1974;6:40-41.

{Banker1974} Banker OH. Pneumatic gun fights disease. Hydraulics and
Pneumatics 1974;27:92-??.

{Barclay1962} Barclay EM, Hingson RA, Abram LE, Parran T, Taylor HQ.
Mass vaccination against smallpox in Liberia. The Bulletin (Academy of
Medicine of Cleveland; predecessor of Cleveland Physician / Cleveland
Academy of Medicine Bulletin). August 1962;47(8Suppl "Operation
Brother's Brother"):16-23.

\[Press-O-Jet\]

{Bareille1997} Bareille P, MacSwiney M, Albanese A, De Vile C, Stanhope
R. Growth hormone treatment without a needle using the Preci**-**Jet 50
transjector. Arch Dis Childhood (London) January 1997;76(1)65-67.

\[Preci-Jet 50\]

{Barrett1962} Barrett CD. Automated multiple immunization against
diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis. J Sch Health 1962, 32, 48-50.

\[Hypospray, probably K series\]

{Bartholow1873} Bartholow, Robert. Manual of Hypodermic Medication.
2^nd^ ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott and Company, 1873 (WB 354 B287m
1873).

{Batson1949} Batson HC, Wall R, Landy M. Active immunization against
typhoid with the Hypospray jet injector \[Abstract M71\]. Abstracts of
Papers, 49^th^ General Meeting, The Society of American Bacteriologists,
Cincinnati, May 1949, Bacteriological Proceedings 1949;49:100.

> \[Hypospray original\]

{Bauer1953} Bauer FK, Cassen B, Youtcheff E, Shoop L. Jet injection of
radioisotopes. A clinical study comparing needle and jet injection of
I^131^, K^42^ and Na^24^. Am J Med Sci April 1953;225:374-378.

{Baum1967} Baum J, Ziff M. Use of the hypospray jet injector for
intra**-**articular injection. Ann Rheum Dis Mar 1967;26(2):143**-**145.

> \[Hypospray original\]

{Baxter2005} Baxter J, Mitragotri S. Jet-induced skin puncture and its
impact on needle-free jet injections: Experimental studies and a
predictive model. Journal of Controlled Release 2005;106(3):361-373.

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="3.423611111111111in"
height="5.164583333333334in"}{Béclard/Galante1866} Béclard F.
Présentation de l'injecteur de Galante, Séance du 18 décembre 1866,
Présidence de M. Bouchardat \[Presentation of Jet Injector of Galante,
H., meeting of 18 December 1866, Monsieur Bouchardat presiding\].
Bulletin de l\'Académie Impériale de Médecine (France), 1866;32:321-327
\[Document accession no. «cote» 90164, La Bibliothèque
Interuniversitaire de Médecine (BIUM), l\'Université de Paris V **-**
René Descartes\].

> See FIGURE AT RIGHT =\>
>
> \[See another image at Galante1866 and Galante1885\]

{Benedek2005} Benedek K, Walker E, Doshier LA, Stout R. Studies on the
use of needle-free injection device on proteins. J Chromatogr A. 24 June
2005;1079(1-2):397-407.

> \[Iject (Bioject, Inc.)\]

{Benenson1959a} Benenson AS. Mass immunization by jet injection. In:
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Immunology, Opatija,
Yugoslavia, 28 September - 1 October 1959 (International Committee for
Microbiological Standardization, Secton of the International Association
of Microbiological Societies). Zagreb: Tiskara Izdavackog zavoda
Jugoslavenske akademije, 1959, pp. 393-399 \[Library of Congress
Classification: QW 504 I60p 1959\].

{Benenson1959b} Benenson AS, Mandel AD. Jet injection of vaccines.
Federation Proceedings (Fed Proc) 1959;18:557 (abstract 2187)
\[Federation Of American Societies For Experimental Biology\]

\~R 2005Oct11 {Benenson1984} Benenson AS. Immunization and military
medicine. Rev Infect Dis Jan-Feb 1984;6(1):1-12.

{Bennett1971a} Bennett CR, Monheim LM. Production of local anesthesia by
jet injection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path. 1971;32(4):526-30.

> \[Syrijet\]

{Bennett1971b} Bennett CR, Mundell RD, Monheim LM. Studies on tissue
penetration characteristics produced by jet injection. J Am Dent Assoc
September 1971;83(3):625-629.

> \[Syrijet\]

{Bennett1972a} Bennett CR, Monheim LM. A clinical study of local
anesthesia by jet injection. Ariz Dent J. 1972;18(6):16-18, 42.

> \[Syrijet\]

{Bennett1972b} Bennett CR, Monheim LM. A clinical study of local
anesthesia productions by jet injection. J Acad Gen Dent
1972;20(1):30-32.

> \[Syrijet\]

{Bennett1998} Bennett J, Nichols F, Rosenblum M, Condry J. Subcutaneous
administration of midazolam: a comparison of the Bioject jet injector
with the conventional syringe and needle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998
Nov;56(11):1249**-**1254.

> \[Biojector\]

{Benohanian-undated} Benohanian A. Use of needle-free anesthesia for Rx
of palmarHH with Botox. Montreal: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire.
Powerpoint presentation. Available at:
[http://www.mitcanada.ca/ResearchDev/pdf/Dr.%20Antranik%20Benohanian%20Study%20on%20Med%20Jet.pdf](http://www.mitcanada.ca/ResearchDev/pdf/Dr. Antranik Benohanian Study on Med Jet.pdf).

{Benohanian2005} Benohanian A. Surgical pearl: use of needle-free
anesthesia in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis with botulinum A
toxin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:1073-1074.

{Benohanian2006} Benohanian A. Palmar hyperhydrosis. Needle-free
anesthesia as an alternatie to Bier's block and peripheral nerve
blockade for botulinum toxin therarpy \[comment\]. Dermatol Online J.
2006;12:26 (comment on 2006;12:9).

{Berman1967a} Berman C. Multidose jet injection technic in periodontal
curettage procedures. Dental Abstracts June 1967;:333.

{Berman1967b} Berman CL, Kutscher AH, Zegarelli EV, Beube FE. The
multidose jet injection technique in conservative periodontal curettage
procedures. Military Medicine Feb 1967;132(2):108**-**109.

{Bernard1956} Bernard JG, Moras P. Un injecteur à haute pression:
seringue sans aiguille. Étude histologique de la pénétration
transcutanée de suspensions microbiennes \[High-pressure injector:
needle-free syringe. Histologic study of transcutaneous penetration of
microbial suspensions\]. Bull. Doc. Méd. Française 1956;4:91-94.

\* {Bernard1982} Bernard KW, Roberts MA, Sumner J, Winkler WG, Mallonee
J, Baer GM, Chaney R. Human diploid cell rabies vaccine. Effectiveness
of immunization with small intradermal or subcutaneous doses. JAMA 1982
Feb 26;247(8):1138-42.

{Berry1981} Berry RB. A comparison of spring and CO~2~-powered
needleless injectors in the treatment of keloids with triamcinolone. Br
J Plast Surg 1981;34(4):458-461.

{Bettag1967} Bettag OL, Hall C. Mantoux tuberculin testing **-**
Standard method vs. jet injection. Diseases of the Chest May
1967;51(5):530-536.

{Binkin1982} Binkin N, Band J. Epidemic of meningococcal meningitis in
Bamako, Mali: epidemiological features and analysis of vaccine efficacy.
Lancet 1982;2:315-318.

{Bioject1997} Bioject, Inc. Guide to selection and use of Biojector
syringes. Portland, OR: Bioject, Inc.; 1997. Document 171-0134-00 Rev C
5/97.

{Bioject1999} Bioject Annual Report. 1999. Portland, Oregon: Bioject,
Inc. 12 pp.

\[Biojector\]

{Black1978} Black J, Nagle CJ, Strachan CHL. Prophylactic low-dose
heparin by jet injection. Br Med J 8 July 1978;2(6130):95.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{Bleasdale1965} Bleasdale HN. B.C.G. vaccination by jet injection.
Tubercle Dec 1965;46(4):417-419.

\[Dermojet^®^\]

\~R 2006Dec06 {Bleeker1974} Bleeker JJ. Intralesional triamcinolone
acetonide using the Port-O-Jet and needle injections in localized
dermatoses. Br J Dermatol. Jul 1974;91(1):97-101.

> \[Porton injector, Port-O-Jet\]

\~R 2006Dec06 {Bleeker1975} Bleeker JJ. Letter: Intradermal
triamcinolone acetonide treatment of psoriatic nail dystrophy with
Port-o-Jet. Br J Dermatol. Apr 1975;92(4):479-[???]{.mark}.

> \[Porton injector, Port-O-Jet\]

\~R 2003Aug22 {Bogenrieder2003} Bogenrieder T, Lehn N, Landthaler M,
Stolz W. Treatment of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis with
intralesionally injected meglumine antimoniate using a Dermojet device.
Dermatology 2003;206:269-272.

\[Dermojet\]

{Boisvert1966} Boisvert M, Drolet H. Painless injections. Canadian Med
Assoc Journal 1966;94:1280.

{Bond1983} Bond WW, Favero MS, Petersen NJ, Ebert JW. Inactivation of
hepatitis B virus by intermediate-to-high-level disinfectant chemicals.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1983;18(3):535-538.

{Bonner1973} Bonner CD. Dermo**-**Jet \[letter\]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil
Nov 1973;54(11):537**-**538.

> \[clogging with precipitate\]

{Boyer-Chuanroong-undated} Boyer**-**Chuanroong L. No**-**needle
injector vs. traditional syringe: points to consider in decision making.
Hepatitis B Project Manager/School District Nurse, San Francisco Unified
School District. Portland, OR: Bioject Corporation, undated document.

\[Biojector\]

{Bråve2005} Bråve A, Ljungberg K, Boberg A, Rollman E, Isaguliants M,
Lundgren B, Blomberg P, Hinkula J, Wahren B. Multigene/multisubtype
HIV-1 vaccine induces potent cellular and humoral immune responses by
needle-free intradermal delivery. Molecular Therapy. 2005;12:1197-1205.

> \[Biojector IM and ID with intradermal spacer\]

{Bremseth2001} Bremseth DL, Pass F. Delivery of insulin by jet
injection: recent observations. Diabetes Technol Ther.
2001;3(2):225-232.

{Brés1969} Brés P, Robin Y. Les injecteurs sans aiguille I. Ped-O-Jet.
Considérations particulières à son emploi pour la vaccination
\[Needle-free injectors - I. Ped-O-Jet. Specific considerations on their
use for vaccinations\]. Médecine Afrique Noire 1969;16:29-31.

{Brink1985} Brink PRG, van Loon AM, Trommelen JCM, Gribnau FWJ,
Smale-Novakova IRO. Virus transmission by subcutaneous jet injection. J
Med Microbiol. December 1985;20(3):393-397.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Assocation 1971} British Thoracic and
Tuberculosis Assocation. A comparison of intradermal BCG vaccination by
jet injection and by syringe and needle. A report from the Research
Committee of the British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Assocation. Tubercle
1971;52:155-165.

> \[Jet Injection Subcommittee: Griffiths M, et al. "Panjet",
> "Intrajet"\]

{Brodell1995} Brodell RT, Bredle DL. The treatment of palmar and plantar
warts using natural alpha interferon and a needleless injector. Dermatol
Surg. 1995;21(3):213-8.

{Brólio1976} Brólio R, Veronesi R, Mazza CC, Feldman C, Focaccia R,
Cardoso Alves HA. Viabilidade da aplicacão do teste tuberculínico com o
dermo**-**jet \[Value of the tuberculin test applied with the
Dermo**-**jet\]. Rev Saúde Publica (Brazil) 1976 Sep;10(3):219**-**226.

> \[Dermojet; 40% JI reactor rate, vs. 61% with needle-syringe\]

{Brown1949} Brown RV. Evaluation of certain dangers in the use of jet
injection technic. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 1949;70:507-509.

\~R 2004Aug26 {Brown2004} Brown H. Needle-free insulin. Br J Diabetes
Vasc Dis 2004;4(2):113-115.

\[mhi-500 (InsulinJet)\]

{Budd1967} Budd MA, Scholtens RG, McGehee RF Jr, Gardner P. An
evaluation of measles and smallpox vaccines simultaneously administered.
Am J Public Health Nations Health. Jan 1967;57(1):80-86.

> \[Ped-O-Jet ID smallpox and IM/SC measles\]

{Buge2003} Buge SL, Ma H-L, Amara RR, Wyatt LS, Earl PL, Villinger F,
Montefiori DC, Staprans SI, Xu Y, Carter E, O'Neil SP, Herndon JG, Hill
E, Moss B, Robinson HL, McNicholl JM. GP120-alum boosting of a
gag-pol-env DNA/MVA AIDS vaccine: Poorer control of a pathogenic viral
challenge. AIDS Res and Hum Retroviruses 2003;19(10):891--900.

> \[Biojector 2000\]

{Burgasov1973} Burgasov PN, Cherkasskii BL, Adilov DA, Knop AG, Savinykh
AI. Immunizatsiia liudei protiv sibirskoi iazvy bezygol\'nym metodom
\[Russain: Immunization against anthrax by a needleless method\]. Zh
Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. Aug 1973;50(8):23-26 (PMID: 4784586).

{Burgasov1974} Burgasov PN, Gigauri VS, Smoliarov BV. Konstruktsiia,
povyshaiushchaia kachestvo raspredeleniia veshchestva pri bezygol\'nykh
in\"ektsiiakh \[Design to improve the spread of the substance in jet
injections\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol Dec 1974;(12):59**-**62.

> \[*Burgasov1974*: Studied 120 jet injections on cadavers, animals, and
> humans using a subcutaneous (SC) nozzle which directed the jet
> parallel to the skin. SC deposition was confirmed by x-ray. The nozzle
> design permitted increased orifice size and extended to area of
> applied pressure.\]

{Burgasov1976} Burgasov PN, Cherkasskii BL, Knop AG, Utegenov KU.
Epidemiologicheskaia effektivnost\' sibireiazvennoi vaktsiny STI
\[Epidemiologic effectiveness of anthrax vaccine STI\] Zh Mikrobiol
Epidemiol Immunobiol. Sep 1976;(9):27-35 (PMID: 1015076).

{Burkoth1999} Burkoth TL, Bellhouse BJ, Hewson G, Longridge DJ, Muddle
AG, Sarphie DF. Transdermal and transmucosal powdered drug delivery.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 1999;16(4):331**-**384.

{Cal/OSHA1999} Cal/OSHA Consultation Service. Safety Needles and
Needleless Systems: Bloodborne Pathogens Regulation Changes. San
Francisco, CA: California Department of Industrial Relations, July 1999.
(<http://www.dir.ca.gov/DOSH/consultation.html>)

{Calafiore1968} Calafiore DC, Nader PR, Lepow ML, Nankervis GA, Casey H,
Warren RJ. Attenuated measles virus vaccine dosage study \-- Cleveland
Ohio, 1966. Am J Epidemiology January 1968;87(1):247-253.

\[Hypospray^®^ Professional Model; SCfulldose vs. IDlowdose vs.
SClowdose\]

{Calvert1966} Calvert JW. The Dermo**-**Jet: two practical uses.
Dermatologia Internationalis Apr**-**Jun 1966;5(2):84.

{Cann2005} Cann C, Harmer M, Harvey K, Rosen M. Evaluation of a
needle-free system for delivery of skin anaesthesia. Anaesthesia
2005;60:720.

\[mhi-500™\]

{Canter1990} Canter J, Mackey K, Good LS, Roberto RR, Chin J, Bond WW,
Alter MJ, Horan JM. An outbreak of hepatitis B associated with jet
injections in a weight reduction clinic. Arch Intern Med
1990;150:1923-1927.

\[MUNJI safety, Med-E-Jet, Ped-O-Jet\]

{Carlsen1998} Carlsen W. Emerging needleless technology not ready to
replace syringes. San Francisco Chronicle \[newspaper\], Thursday, 29
October 1998, page A -- 11
(<http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1998/10/29/MN34DIS.DTL>)
\[last accessed 2005 Nov06\].

{Carnus1973} Carnus H. Ped-o-jet et viabilit é du BCG \[Ped-O-Jet and
the viability of BCG\]. Médecine Tropicale (Marseille) 1973;33:20-23.

{Carnus1974} Carnus H. Influence du Ped**-**o**-**jet sur la viabilité
du vaccin BCG intradermique lyophilisé: étude au laboratoire \[Influence
of Ped**-**O**-**Jet on the viability of lyophilized BCG intradermal
vaccine: a laboratory study\]. Bull World Health Organ
1974;51(1):101**-**102.

{Carpenter1965} Carpenter CL, Jolly HW Jr, Reed RJ. Dermojet
histopathological artifacts. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:304.

{Carter2003} Carter EW, Kerr DE. Optimization of DNA-based vaccination
in cows using green fluorescent protein and protein A as a prelude to
immunization against staphylococcal mastitis. J Dairy Sci. 2003
Apr;86(4):1177-1186.

> \[Ped-O-Jet®, LectraJet®; see also project no. VT-AS-00608 at
> <http://www.uvm.edu/vtaes/vthatch.htm>.\]

{Cartier2000} Cartier R, Ren SV, Walther W, Stein U, Lewis A, Schlag PM,
Li M, Furth PA. *In vivo* gene transfer by low-volume jet injection.
Anal Biochem 2000;282:262-265.

> \[Biojector® 2000, Ped-O-Jet®, GunA, EMS/RPM, EMS/MPM\]

{Catanzaro2007} Catanzaro AT, Roederer M, Koup RA, Bailer RT, Enama ME,
Nason MC, Martin JE, Rucker S, Andrews CA, Gomez PL, Mascola JR, Nabel
GJ, Graham BS; The VRC 007 Study Team. Phase I clinical evaluation of a
six-plasmid multiclade HIV-1 DNA candidate vaccine. Vaccine. 16 May
2007;25(20):4085-4092.

> \[Biojector^®^ 2000\]

{CDC-undated1} Centers for Disease Control. Ped-O-Jet operator's pocket
reference \[pamphlet\]. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, CDC, National Influenza
Immunization Program - 12, 4 pages (circa 1976?).

{CDC-undated2} Centers for Disease Control. Ped-O-Jet minor repair
checklist \[pamphlet\]. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, CDC, National Influenza
Immunization Program - 10, 3 pages (circa 1976?).

{CDC-undated3} Centers for Disease Control. Instructional guidelines for
the training of jet injector operators \[mimeograph\]. Atlanta, GA: U.S.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service,
CDC, National Influenza Immunization Program - 5, 5 pages plus cover
page (circa 1976?).

{CDC-undated4} Centers for Disease Control. Ped-O-Jet operation,
maintenance, and minor repair guide - Model POJ \[seventh draft\].
Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public
Health Service, CDC. 140 pages (circa 1976?).

{CDC1966} National Communicable Disease Center. Current trends measles
-- 1966: Detroit, Michigan. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report. 29
October 1966;15:369-370.

> \[170,000 Detroit metropolitan area children 1-12 years of age were
> immunized in 200 inoculation centers in one day (23 October), the
> largest concentrated measles campaign to date in U.S. history. This
> Detroit campaign was reported elsewhere (Kogan1968) to have used jet
> injectors to achieve this rate.)

{CDC1982} Centers for Disease Control. A continuing measles outbreak
among school-age children despite an outbreak-control program with
school exclusion --- Pennsylvania. Morb Mort Wkly Rep
1982;31(25):344-346.

{CDC1985} Centers for Disease Control. Suboptimal response to hepatitis
B vaccine given by injection into the buttock. Morb Mort Wkly Rep
1985;34:105-108,113.

{CDC1986} Centers for Disease Control. Hepatitis B associated with jet
gun injection - California. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1986;35(23):373-376.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{CDC1992} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles at an
International Gymnastics Competition \-- Indiana, 1991. Morb Mortal Wkly
Rep 21 February 1992;41(07):109-111.

\[1300 vaccinated over 4 days with Ped-O-Jet\]

{CDC1994} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General
Recommendations on Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory
Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morb Mortal Wkly Rep January
28, 1994, 43(RR-1), 7-8.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{CDC-WHO1996a} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Statement by
participants \[on the use of multiple-use nozzle jet injectors for
immunization\]. Meeting on Jet Injectors for Immunization: Current
Practice and Safety; Improving Designs for the Future (sponsored by CDC
and WHO), 2-4 October 1996, Atlanta, pp. 1-2.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{CDC1996b} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. History of CDC.
Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 28 June, 1996;45(25):526-520.

\[Jet injection mass campaign in Tonga\]

{CDC2002} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General
Recommendations on Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory
Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the American Academy of
Family Physicians (AAFP). Morb Mortal Wkly Rep February 8, 2002;51(No.
RR-2):1-35.

> \[sections on Jet Injection (p. 18) and Occupational Safety
> Regulations (pp. 19-20); references 67-76,98,99 (p. 42)\]
>
> \[MUNJI safety\]

{CDC2006} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General
Recommendations on Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory
Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
December 1, 2006;55(No. RR-15):1-48.

> \[sections on Jet Injection (pp12-13) and Occupational Safety
> Regulations (p 15); references 64-87 (pp. 30-31)\]
>
> \[MUNJI safety\]

\~R 2004Sep23 {Cefalu2004} Cefalu WT. Evolving strategies for insulin
delivery and therapy. Drugs 2004;64(11):1149-1161.

\~R {Chambon1968} Chambon L, Brés P, Sarrat H. Utilisation d'un
injecteur sous pression type «Ped O Jet» pour la vaccination BCG
intradermique. Procès-verbal de la 3^e^ conférence technique de l'OCEAC
\[Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Grandes Endémies
en Afrique Centrale\], 24 - 27 January 1968, Yaoundé, OCEAC édit., pp.
446-453.

{Chambon1970a} Chambon L, Barme M, Tommasi U-B, Bres P, Gauthier M.
Étude de l\'utilisation d\'un injecteur sans aiguille pour la
vaccination B.C.G. intradermique \[The use of an injector without needle
for intradermal BCG vaccination\]. Médecine Tropicale (Marseille)
Nov**-**Dec 1970;30(6):809**-**828.

\[Ped-O-Jet\]

{Chambon1970b} Chambon L, Barme M, Tommasi UB, Bres P, Gauthier M. Étude
de l\'utilisation d\'un injecteur sans aiguille pour la vaccination
B.C.G. intradermique \[The use of an injector without needle for
intradermal BCG vaccination\]. Geneva: World Health Organization,
document WHO/TB/70.83, 1970.

\[Ped-O-Jet\]

{Chambon1970c} Chambon L, Tommasi UB, Barme M, Robin Y, Breul D, Brès P,
Heym C. Vaccination associée BCG-fièvre jaune avec un injecteur du type
Ped-O-Jet \[BCG and yellow fever vaccination with a Ped-O-Jet
injector\]. X^e^ Conférence Techn. OCCGE (Organisation de Coopération et
de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Grandes Endémies), 20-24 April
1970, Bobo-Dioulasso, vol. I, pp. 282-288.

\~R 2005Nov03 {Chambon1998} Chambon L, Chippaux JP, Soula G, Campagne G,
Rey M, et al. Optimiser la riposte aux épidémies de méningite à
méningocoque: rapport d\'un atelier d\'experts réunis au CERMES (12 au
14 janvier 1998, Niamey, Niger). Atelier de Niamey \[Optimizing the
response to epidemics of meningococcal meningitis: report of a workshop
of experts at CERMES (Niamey, Niger, 12th to 14th January 1998)\].
Cahiers Santé May-Jun 1998;8(3):245-248.

{Chen2003} Chen D, Endres R, Maa Y-F, Kensil CR, Whitaker-Dowling P,
Trichel A, Youngner JS, Payne LG. Epidermal powder immunization of mice
and monkeys with an influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2003;21:2830--2836.

{Cherkasov1992} Cherkasov VA, Stepanov SA. Ispol\'zovanie
vnutrilegochnykh igol\'no-struinykh in\"ektsii khimiopreparatov v
predoperatsionnykh podgotovke bol\'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh \[The use
of intrapulmonary needle-jet injections of chemical preparations in the
preoperative management of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis\]. Probl
Tuberk (Russia) 1992;(9-10):25-28 (UI: 93096797, PMID: 1461898).

{Cherkasskii1973} Cherkasskii BL, Dzharylgasov SA, Skliarov VIa,
Neliapin NM, Naumenko IuI. (Russian title pending) \[The feasibility of
using jet injector BIP-4 for immunization of laboratory animals with STI
anthrax vaccine\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1973
Oct;50(10):20-3 (PMID: 4207093).

{Chiasson1984} Chiasson JL, Ducros F, Poliquin**-**Hamet M, Lopez D,
Lecavalier L, Hamet P. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
(Mill**-**Hill Infuser) versus multiple injections (Medi**-**Jector) in
the treatment of insulin**-**dependent diabetes mellitus and the effect
of metabolic control on microangiopathy. Diabetes Care Jul**-**Aug
1984;7(4):331**-**7.

{Chippaux1998} Chippaux JP, Soula G, Campagne G, Rey M. Optimiser la
riposte aux épidémies de méningite à méningocoque: rapport d'un atelier
d'experts réunis au CERMES (12 au 14 janvier 1998, Niamey, Niger).
Cahiers Santé 1998;8:245-248.

{Chobert1960} Chobert A, Brion, Fontaine. Injections intradermiques et
transcutanées sans aiguille. Présentation d'un appareil. Bulletin de
l'Académie Vétérinaire de France November 1960;33(9):507-512. ?Vol.23?

> {Chobert19##} Chobert, André. Un injecteur a pression sans aiguille.
> Ses applications en médecine vétérinaire. Thèse, docteur vétérinaire.
> ??Faculté??

{Choi2005} Choi AH-C, Smiley K, Basu M. Induction of immune responses
and partial protection in mice after skin immunization with rotavirus
VP6 protein and the adjuvant LT(R192G). Vaccine. 2005 Mar
18;23(17-18):2290-3.

> \[Biojector\]

{Cigna2006} Cigna Healthcare Corporation. Cigna healthcare coverage
position: Diabetic supplies. Revised Date 8/15/2006, Original Effective
Date 8/15/2004 , Coverage Position Number 0126; 2006
(<http://www.cigna.com/health/provider/medical/procedural/coverage_positions/medical/mm_0126_coveragepositioncriteria_diabetic_supplies_and_technologies.pdf>)

\[J-Tip, Biojector, Biovalve Mini-Ject, Cool.click\]

{Ciupe1973} Ciupe M, Racasan R, Muresan IM. Cercetari privind imunizarea
antivariolica prin inoculare intradermica \[Studies of smallpox
immunization by intradermal inoculation\]. Stud Cercet Virusol (Romania)
1973;24(6):447**-**51

{Clark1965} Clark ML, Reinhardt H, Miller MC, Wilson R. Polyvalent
influenza vaccine: comparison of jet injection with intradermal and
subcutaneous syringe methods of administration. Journal of Laboratory
and Clinical Medicine. 1965;66:34-41.

\[Hypospray, K series (Scherer), SC nozzle, lent from CDC\]

{Clarke1975} Clarke AK, Woodland J. Comparison of two steroid
preparations used to treat tennis elbow, using the Hypospray. Rheumatol
Rehabil 1975 Feb;14(1):47**-**49.

{Cockburn1965} Cockburn TA, Witt MT, Ludlow CE, Macleod KIE. A
comparison of jet injection with the mantoux test in mass skin testing
with tuberculin. Am Rev Respir Dis July-December 1965;92:982-985.

\[Hypospray Professional and Hypospray K3 (Scherer)\]

{Cockshot1982} Cockshot WP, Thompson GT, Howlett LJ, Seeley ET.
Intramuscular or intralipomatous injections? New Engl J Med
1982;307:356-358.

> \[inaccuracy of deposition with needle injection\]

{Cohen1972} Cohen IS, Lerner AB. Limitations in the use of the
Dermo**-**Jet. Arch Dermatol 1972 May;105(5):760.

> \[Dermo-Jet, triamcinolone acetonide, perforation buccal mucosa\]

{Cohn1972} Cohn ML, Chez RA, Hingson RA, Szulman AE, Trimmer M. Use of
jet insulin injection in diabetes mellitus therapy. Diabetes
1972;21:39-44.

\[Med-E-Jet\]

{Cohn1974} Cohn ML, Hingson RA, Narduzzi JV, Seddon JM. Clinical
experience with jet insulin injection in diabetes mellitus therapy: a
clue to the pathogenesis of lipodystrophy. Ala J Med Sci
1974;11:265-272.

\[Med-E-Jet\]

{Collas1973} Collas R, Wright J. Vaccination par le BCG au moyen d'un
injecteur sous pression sans aigulle (Ped-O-Jet) \[BCG vaccination by
means of a needle-less pressure injector (Ped-O-Jet). Geneva: World
Health Organization, document WHO/TB/73, 1973.

{Conry1999} Conry RM; Khazaeli MB; Saleh MN; Allen KO; Barlow DL; Moore
SE; Craig D; Arani RB; Schlom J; LoBuglio AF. Phase I trial of a
recombinant vaccinia virus encoding carcinoembryonic antigen in
metastatic adenocarcinoma: comparison of intradermal versus subcutaneous
administration. Clin Cancer Res Sep 1999;5(9):2330**-**2337.

{Consoli1984} Consoli A, Capani F, La Nava G, Nicolucci A, Prosperini
GP, Santeusanio G, Sensi S. La somministrazione di insulina umana
semisintetica tramite iniettore a spruzzo. \[Administration of
semisynthetic human insulin by a spray injector\]. [Bollettino della
Societa Italiana di Biologia
Sperimentale](http://www.benran.ru/Magazin/El/B/U05377.HTM)
1984;60:1859-1862.

\[SICIM\]

{Cooke1980} Cooke ED, Bowcock SA, Johnston A, Elliott AT. Gas-powered
jet injection compared with conventional methods of injection using
lignocaine and technetium-99^m^. Brit Med J 1980;281:643-645.

\[Med-E-Jet\]

{Coon1954} Coon W, Hodgson P, Hinerman DL. Fundamental problems in jet
injection. Am J Med Sci 1954;227(1):39-45.

> \[Velodermic™, Becton, Dickinson, and Co.\]

{Cooper1966} Cooper C, Morley DC, Weeks MC, Beale AJ. Administration of
measles vaccine by Dermojet. Lancet 14 May 1966;1(7446):1076-1077.

\[Dermo-Jet; intradermal\]

{Cooper2000} Cooper JA, Bromley LM, Baranowski AP, Barker SGE.
Evaluation of a needle-free injection system for local anaesthesia prior
to venous cannulation. Anaesthesia 2000;55:247-250.

\[J-Tip\]

{Croitoru1987} Croitoru M, Dimache G, Ciordas C, Mihailescu R, Durbaca
S, Stoean C. Studiu experimental asupra componentei tifoidice in
vaccinarea mixta antitifoidica, antitetanica si antivariolica pe cale
intradermica \[Experimental study on the typhoid component in mixed
intradermal typhoid, tetanus and smallpox vaccination\]. Rev Ig
\[Bacteriol\] Oct**-**Dec 1987;32(4):325**-**330.

> \[Dermo-jet\]

**\*ID** {Croitoru1988} Croitoru M, Dimache G, Mihailescu R, Velea V,
Durbaca S, Stoean C. Behaviour of the typhoid vaccine intradermally
administered in association with tetanus unadsorbed vaccine and soluble
antigens of vaccinia virus. Arch Roum Pathol Exp Microbiol (Romania)
Apr**-**Jun 1988;47(2):139**-**143.

{Cui2003} [Cui Z, Baizer L, Mumper
RJ.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12697387&dopt=Abstract)
Intradermal immunization with novel plasmid DNA-coated nanoparticles via
a needle-free injection device. J Biotechnol 2003;102(2):105-115.

{Cunningham1965} Cunningham, AI. A secondary school immunization program
using Hypospray. Can J Public Health 1965;56:347-348.

\[Hypospray K series, since describes hydraulic fluid pushing

{Cutts1997} Cutts FT, Clements CJ, Bennett JV. Alternative routes of
measles immunization: a review. Biologicals. 1997;25:323-338.

{Danowski1978} Danowski TS, Sunder JH. Jet injection of insulin during
self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 1978;1:27-33.

> \[Syrijet\]

{Darlow1970} Darlow HM. Jet vaccination. Br Med J Nov 28,
1970;4(734):554.

> \[MUNJI safety, Porton jet injector (not mentioned but developed at
> Microbiol Res Inst by author\]

{Davies1969} Davies JW, Simon WR. Antibody response to influenza
immunization by jet injection. Canadian J Public Health 1969:60;104-108.

> \[Hypospray ID nozzle, SEMCO (Ped-O-Jet) SC nozzles;
>
> 0.1 mL ID-JI vs. 0.1 mL SC-JI vs. 0.5 mL SC-JI vs. 0.5 mL SC
> needle-syringe\]

{Davis1994} Davis HL, Michel M-L, Mancini M, Schleef M, Whalen RG.
Direct gene transfer in skeletal muscle: plasmid dna-based immunization
against the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Vaccine 1994, 12(16),
1503-1509.

> \[Biojector\]

{Davis1996} Davis HL, McCluskie MJ, Gerin JL, Purcell RH. DNA vaccine
for hepatitis B: evidence for immunogenicity in chimpanzees and
comparison with other vaccines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 9 July
1996;93(14):7213-7218.

\[Biojector\]

{Davis2001} Davis L. In-office anesthesia without use of needles.
Conference Coverage, Medscape from WebMD, 2001 (webpage review of
Wilson2001) \[<http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/420894>\].

\[MadaJet\]

{Dean2004} Dean HJ, Chen D. Epidermal powder immunization against
influenza. Vaccine Dec 2004;23(5):681-686.

\[PowderJect ND5.2\]

{Delemarre-VandeWaal1995} Delemarre-Van de Waal HA, Houdijk ECAM, Herdes
E. Experience with a needle-free device to administer growth hormone
subcutaneously in growth hormone deficient patients \[abstract 241\].
Hormone Research 1995;(Suppl 44):61.

> \[Medi-Jector®\]

{DePartearroyo1966} De Partearroyo R, Ruiz Benítez G. Consideraciones
sobre el tuberculino**-**diagnóstico. Estudio comparativo del Mantoux y
la jeringuilla Dermo**-**Jet \[Considerations on the diagnostic
tuberculin test. Comparative study of the Mantoux test and the
Dermo**-**jet syringe\]. Rev Clin Esp (Spain) 31 Jan
1966;100(2):119**-**125.

{deRizzo1982} de Rizzo E, Cardoso BS, Lascalla DL, Tuchija HN, Mendes
IF. The jet injection apparatus (Ped-O-Jet) for use in mass vaccination
against measles \-- an effective procedure for its disinfection. Rev
Inst Med Trop São Paulo 1982;24(5):263-267.

{Degano1998} Degano P, Sarphie DF, Bangham CRM. Intradermal DNA
immunization of mice against influenza A virus using the novel
PowderJect(r) system. Vaccine 1998 Feb;16(4):394-8.

{Denne1992} Denne JR, Andrews KL, Lees DV, Mook W. A survey of patient
preference for insulin jet injectors versus needle and syringe. Diabetes
Educ May/June 1992;18(3):223-227.

\[Preci-Jet 50, Medi-Jector, Syrijet\]

{deSouzaBrito1996} de Souza Brito G, Chen RT, Stefano IC, Campos AM,
Oselka G. The risk of transmission of HIV and other blood-born diseases
via jet injectors during immunization mass campaigns in Brazil. 10th
International Conference on AIDS, Yokohama, 7-12 August 1994;10(1):301
(abstract no. PC0132,
<http://www.aegis.org/conferences/iac/1994/PC0132.html>).

\[MUNJI safety\]

{Dick1966} Dick G. Combined vaccines. Canadian J Public Health
1966;57:435-446.

{Dimache1977} Dimache G, Dimache V, Ciudin L, Palade R, Croitoru M.
Intradermal typhoid vaccination in men by jet-injector. Immunological
estimation by laboratory tests. Arch Roum Pathol Exp Microbiol
(Bucharest) Jul-Dec 1977;36(3-4):227-232.

**\*ID** {Dimache1981} Dimache G, Dimache V, Pavel A, Croitoru M.
Intradermal versus subcutaneous typhoid vaccination. Arch Roum Path Exp
Microbiol (Bucharest) 1981;40:143-148.

{Dimache1982} Dimache G, Croitoru M, Nicolae IN. Subcutaneous versus
intradermal typhoid vaccination by Jet-injector apparatus. Arch Roum
Path Exp Microbiol (Bucharest) 1982;41:259-264.

{Dimache1983} Dimache G, Croitoru M, Dimache V, Cuteanu I, Vasilescu T.
Lyophilized typhoid vaccine for intradermal use. J Biol Standard
1983;11:261-269.

{Dimache1984} Dimache G, Croitoru M, Ciordas C, Stoean C, Durbaca S,
Macovei A, Baluta M. Efficacy of tetanus toxoid administered by
intradermal route in association with typhoid vaccine. Arch Roum Path
Exp Microbiol (Bucharest) 1984;43:61-69

\~R ?? **\*ID** ?? {Dimache1985} Dimache G, Stoean C, Croitoru M,
Durbaca S, Lascu N, Ciordas C, Velea V, Nicolae IN. Efficacy of mixed
antityphoid and antitetanus vaccination by intradermal route under
pressure. National Session of Immunology (Romania), Cluj, 1985:207-???.

> \[ARTICLE NOT YET CONFIRMED AS "NEEDLE-FREE"\]

{Dimache1986a} Dimache G. The comparative effectiveness, under epidemic
conditions, of the intradermal versus subcutaneous antityphoid
vaccination estimated by epidemiological surveillance and laboratory
tests. Zentralbl Backteriol Mikrobiol Hyg Aug 1986;262(2):220-229.

{Dimache1986b} Dimache G, Croitoru M, Ciorda C, Velea V. Evolution of
the typhoid immunity along one year after intradermal vaccination. Arch
Roum Path Exp Microbiol (Bucharest) April-June 1986;45(2):147-152.

{Dimache1990} Dimache G. Utilizarea aparatelor de tip jet-injector in
vaccinare. Riscul transmiterii unor agenti infectiosi prin jet sub
presione \[The use of jet injector-type apparatus in vaccination. The
risk of the transmission of infectious agents via a jet under
pressure\]. Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol. April-June
1990;35(2),169-181.

{Dimache1991a} Dimache G, Stoean C, Durbaca S, Croitoru M, Velea V,
Mihailescu M, Dimache A. Intradermal antitetanic**-**antityphoid booster
by jet injection. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol (Romania) Apr**-**Jun
1991;50(2):117**-**125.

{Dimache1991b} Dimache G, Croitoru M, Velea V, Stoean C, Durbaca S,
Mihailescu M, Dimache A. Intradermal antityphoid**-**antitetanus
vaccination by jet injection. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol (Romania)
Apr**-**Jun 1991;50(2):127**-**136.

{Dimache1997} Dimache G, Croitoru M, Balteanu M, Butur D, Negu A,
Dimache A, Paul F, Barbu A, Velea L, Alexandrescu V, Isacu F. A
clinical, epidemiological and laboratory study on avoiding the risk of
transmitting viral hepatitis during vaccinations with the Dermojet
protected by an anticontaminant disposable device. Vaccine
1997;15(9):1010-1013.

> \[No HBV or HCV sero-conversions in 1,619 subjects (6% HBsAg carriers)
> intradermally vaccinated with Dermo-Jet^®^ fitted with disposable
> spacer. No cases among 22,714 subjects under clinical/epidemiologic
> surveillance.\]

{DiopMar1971a} Diop Mar I, Sarrat H, Robin Y, Touré M, Rey M.
Vaccination anticholérique par voie intradermique au Ped-O-Jet
\[Intradermal cholera vaccination using Ped-O-Jet\]. Bulletin de la
Société Médicale d'Afrique Noire de Langue Française
1971;16(2):196**-**200

{DiopMar1971b} Diop Mar I, Sarrat H, Robin Y, Oudart, Rey M. Vaccination
anticholérique par voie intradermique au Pedojet. Réponse clinique et
immunologique (d\'après une expérience sénégalaise) \[Anticholera
vaccination by means of the intradermal Ped-O-Jet. Clinical and
immunologic response (results of a Senegalese experience)\]. Bull Soc
Pathol Exot Filiales. Sep**-**Oct 1971;64(5):663**-**672.

{DoD1967} Department of Defense. Military specification: hypodermic
injection apparatus, jet, automatic. Defense Supply Center, Phil-Troop
Support / Medical Items of Supply. MIL-H-36505, 12 June 1967
(<http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/basic_profile.cfm?ident_number=20654>).

> \[Original military spec for Ped-O-Jet\]

{DoD1994} Department of Defense. Military specification: hypodermic
injection apparatus, jet, automatic. Defense Supply Center, Phil-Troop
Support / Medical Items of Supply. MIL-H-36505 (2), Notice 2, 31 August
1994
(<http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/basic_profile.cfm?ident_number=20654>).

> \[Cancellation of military spec for Ped-O-Jet\]

{DoD1995} Department of Defense. Immunizations and chemoprophylaxis
(aerospace medicine). Air Force Joint Instruction 48-110; Army
Regulation 40-562' BUMEDINST 6230.15; CG COMDTINST M6230.4E. By Order of
the Secretaries of the Air Force, Army, Navy, and Transportation. 1
November 1995. 14 pages (U.S. G.P.O.: 1995-404-407:20140).

{DoD1997} Department of Defense. Subj: MMQC-97-1169 Automatic jet
hypodermic injection units/withdrawal (DPSC 970147). Fort Detrick MD:
Quad Service MMQC USAMMA/AFMLO/NMLC; December 5, 1997. Available at:
<http://usamma.detrick.army.mil/ftp/mmqc_messages/Q971169.txt>. Accessed
November 14, 2006.

{DoD1998} Department of Defense. Subj: MMQC-98-1019 Automatic jet
hypodermic injection units/information bulletin. Fort Detrick MD: Quad
Service MMQC USAMMA/AFMLO/NMLC; January 30, 1998. Available at:
<http://usamma.detrick.army.mil/ftp/mmqc_messages/Q981019.txt>. Accessed
November 14, 2006.

{DoD1999} Department of Defense. Vaccines in the military: a Department
of Defense-wide review of vaccine policy and practice. A report for the
Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, August 1999. Gregory A Poland, ed.
Falls Church, VA: Infectious Diseases Control Subcommittee of the Armed
Forces Epidemiological Board, 1999.
<http://www.ha.osd.mil/afeb/reports/vaccines.pdf>

C. Issues of Administration, 1. Jet Injector Use; nominal p. 60 (61 of
381).

> Memorandum: Armed Forces Epidemiological Board Recommendation on Jet
> Injectors, 28 April 1998, AFEB (15-1a) 98-10, Appendix E, pp. 244-245
> of 381

Reference for citation:

Department of Defense. C. Issues of Administration, 1. Jet Injector Use.
In: Poland GA, ed. *Vaccines in the military: a Department of
Defense-wide review of vaccine policy and practice. A report for the
Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, August 1999.* Falls Church, VA:
Infectious Diseases Control Subcommittee of the Armed Forces
Epidemiological Board, 1999;60. Available at:
<http://www.ha.osd.mil/afeb/reports/vaccines.pdf>. Accessed Novembeer
14, 2006.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{Dodson1997} Dodson, K. Risk of blood-borne pathogen transmission for
jet injectors and needles and syringes in parenteral immunizations and a
comparison of the direct and indirect costs associated with their use.
(Report submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of
Public Health). Atlanta: Department of International Health, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, August, 1997:1-43.

{Domino1997} Domino EF, Zsigmond EK, Kovacs V, Fekete G, Stetson P. A
new route, jet injection for anesthetic induction in children - III.
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{Domino1998} Domino EF, Zsigmond EK, Kovacs V, Fekete G, Stetson P. A
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> {Donchenko1979} Donchenko AS, Maier VV. Bezygol\'nye in\'\'ektory pri
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> to cattle\]. Veterinariia (Russia) Sep 1979;(9):16.
>
> \[Russian. NOT ON FILE\]

{Dorr2003} Dörr HG, Zabransky S, Keller E, Otten BJ, Partsch CJ, Nyman
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\[Genotropin® ZipTip™\]

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{Dull1968} Dull HB, Herring LL, Calafiore D, Berg G, Kaiser, RL. Jet
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{Edwards1974} Edwards EA, Johnson DP, Pierce WE, and Peckinpaugh RO.
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{Edwards1984} Edwards EK, Kowalczyk AP. Unusual pigmentation resulting
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{Efimov1989}

{Efimov1989} Efimov EI. Opyt immunoprofilaktiki meningokokkovoi
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{Ehrengut1977} Ehrengut W, Allerdist H, Erdmann G. Clinical reactions to
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{Eidson1976} Eidson CS, Kleven SH. Vaccination of chickens against
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{ElGeneidy1974} ElGeneidy AK, Bloom AA, Skerman JH, and Stallard RE.
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\[Syrijet\]

{EliLilly1962} Eli Lilly and Company. Influenza Virus Vaccine Polyvalent
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\[Ped-O-Jet^®^\]

{Ellis1993} Ellis GL, Owens A. The efficacy and acceptability of using a
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> \[Syrijet\]

{Epstein1965} Epstein S. The clinical effectiveness of jet injection of
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\[Biojector® 2000 IM and ID\]

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> \[Biojector via IM and ID\]

{Evans2002} Evans LS, Lewinsohn DM, Johnson M, et al. Microsphere
encapsulation or Biojector™ delivery enhances adjuvanted DNA vaccines in
rhesus macaques. 19th Annual Symposium on Nonhuman Primate Models for
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> \[Biojector via IM and ID\]

{Evstigneev1994} Evstigneev VI, Lukin EP. K voprosu o bezopasnosti
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{FedLabs2003} Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer.
Proven to work: KCP's needle-free injector wins FLC honors. FLC News
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> \[Pulse™ 200\]

{Feinman1984} Feinman SV, Berris B, Guha A, Sooknanan R, Bradley DW,
Bond WW, Maynard JE.. DNA: DNA hybridization method for the diagnosis of
hepatitis B infection. J Virol Methods 1984;8(3):199-206.

> \[In this dilution study, blood from an HBV-carrier patient infected a
> chimpanzee at a dilution of 10^-8^, which formed the basis for using
> 10 pL volume of blood as the minimal chimpanzee-infectious-dose for
> hepatitis B virus. Mid-1980s hybridization methods could not detect
> HBV DNA in smaller volumes of blood.\]

\[MUNJI safety\]

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{Fenner1988} Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, Ježek Z, Ladnyi ID.
*Chapter 9. Development of the global smallpox eradication programme,
1958-1966* (pp. 365-419; particularly p. 406); *Chapter 11. Smallpox
vaccine and vaccination in the intensified smallpox eradication
programme* (pp. 539-592; particularly pp. 573-580); *Chapter 12. South
America* (pp. 593-625; particularly pp. 600-622); *Chapter 13.
Indonesia* (pp. 627-657; particularly p. 641); *Chapter 17. Western and
Central Africa* (pp. 849-909). In: Smallpox and its Eradication, Geneva:
World Health Organization, 1988 (ISBN 92 4 156110 6). (Available at:
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{FernandezdeCorres1982} Fernández de Corres L, Garrastazu MT, Soloeta R,
Escayol P. Nickel contact dermatitis in a blood bank. Contact Dermatitis
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> \[Dermo-Jet\]

{Fernandez-Vega1985} Fernandez-Vega M, Pey Illera C, Cornejo Sanz JJ,
Bermudez Vergara P, Flandez Gonzalez B, Penin Gonzalez J, Penin Gonzalez
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in post-prandium with hypodermic injection DG77, compared with the
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Practice 1985;Suppl1:s163 (abstract no. 415).

{Field1985} Field LM. Madajet artifacts (correspondence). Arch Dermatol
1985;121(12):1483-1484.

\[MadaJet\]

{Figge1947a} Figge FHJ. Injections without needles. American
Practitioner (Am Pract & Digest. Treat.) 1947;1:465

\[Hypospray original\]

{Figge1947b} Figge FHJ, Scherer RP. Anatomical studies on jet
penetration of human skin for subcutaneous medication without the use of
needles \[abstract\]. Anatomical Record 1947;97:335.

\[Hypospray original\]

{Figge1948} Figge FHJ, Barnett DJ. Anatomic evaluation of a jet
injection instrument designed to minimize pain and inconvenience of
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1948;3(4):197-206.

\[Hypospray original\]

{Fillastre1970} Fillastre C, Conge G, Orssaud E. Utilization du
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**\*ID** {Fillastre1979} Fillastre C, Guerin N, Danusantoso H, Sardadi
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{Fine2004} Fine B, Castillo R, McDonald T, Paisansathan C, Zsigmond E,
Hoffman WE. Jet injector compared with oral midazolam for preoperative
sedation in children. Paediatric Anaesthesia 2004:14(9):739-743.

> \[Biojector, J-Tip\]

{Fisch1996} Fisch A, Cadilhac P, Vidor E, Prazuck T, Dublanchet A,
Lafaix C. Immunogenicity and safety of a new inactivated hepatitis A
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{Fjellner1983} Fjellner B, Herczka O, Wennersten G. Complications in the
intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide by jet injector
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\[Dermojet\]

{Florentine1997} Florentine BD, Frankel K, Raza A, Cobb CJ, Greaves T,
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Diagnostic Cytopathology 1997;17(6):472-476.

> \[Biojector\]

\~R 2005Oct12 {Foege1973} Foege WH, Eddins DL. Mass vaccination programs
in developing countries. Prog Med Virol. 1973;15:205-243.

{Fournier1973} Fournier J. Les injecteurs sans aiguille et leur usage en
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{Frymire1974} Frymire LJ, French TA. The Syrijet anesthetic gun for
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\[Syrijet\]

{Furth1992} Furth PA, Shamay A, Wall RJ, Hennighausen L. Gene transfer
into somatic tissues by jet injection. Anal Biochem 1992;205:365-368.

> \[Ped-O-Jet®\]

{Furth1995a} Furth PA, Kerr D, Wall R. Gene transfer by jet injection
into differentiated tissues of living animals and in organ culture. Mol
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\[Ped-O-Jet\]

{Furth1995b} Furth PA, Shamay A, Hennighausen L. Gene transfer in
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> \[Ped-O-Jet and "Low-force Injector" modified from Dermo-Jet
> components\]

{Fynan1993} Fynan EF, Webster RG, Fuller DH, Haynes JR, Santoro JC,
Robinson HL. DNA vaccines: protective immunizations by parenteral,
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> \[Accell instrument, Agracetus\]

{Galante1866} H. Galante et C^e^. Notice sur quelques nouveaux
instruments et appareils de ![](media/image2.png){width="3.7625in"
height="8.381944444444445in"}chirurgie fabriques par H. Galante. Paris,
H. Galante et C^e^, Fabricants d'instruments de chirurgie, 2, rue de
l'École de Médecine, 2, Maison de gros: 28, Place Dauphine, 28. 1866, p.
43-44. Document accession no. «cote» 58935, La Bibliothèque
Interuniversitaire de Médecine (BIUM), l\'Université de Paris V **-**
René Descartes.

> SEE FIGURE AT RIGHT **→** \[See Béclard/Galante1866\]

{Galante1885} H. Galante & Fils. Catalogue Illustré des Instruments de
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accession no. «cote» 21033, La Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de
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> \[Page 138 lists "Appareil aquapuncteur, de Dr. Sales-Girons, modèle
> Galante". Dr. J. Sales-Girons was *médecin inspecteur* of the thermal
> springs Pierrefonds-les-Bains. He also developed aerosol devices for
> pulmonary inhalation
> (<http://www.epocnet.com/area_m/histepoc/figura27.html>). See:
> Sales-Girons J. Traitement de la phthisie pulmonaire par l'inhalation
> pulvérisés et par les fumigations de goudron. Paris, F. Savy
> Librairie-Éditeur, 1859; p. 528, and 1860; and DuJardin-Beaumetz.
> Leçons de clinique thérapeutique. Octave Doin Ed. Paris, 1881.\]

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{Gallut1971} Gallut J. La voie intradermique dans la vaccination
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> \[guinea pig studies with Russian jet injector of combined
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> \[Clinical studies of 8 commercial national vaccines (typhoid, plague,
> typhus, smallpox, tick-borne encephalitis, yellow-fever, cholera and
> sextaanatoxine)\]

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> \[Hypospray „K" model, radiographs\]

{Gardner1997} Gardner MA, Stout R, Segarra V, Redmond M, Milne L. North
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> \[Bioject\]

{Gateff1968} Gateff C. La vaccination directe B.C.G. par injecteur sous
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\~R {Gateff1969} Gateff C. Vaccination BCG par injecteur sous pression
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{Gateff1970} Gateff C, Labusquière R, Boisson P. Étude de l'influence de
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{Gateff1972a} Gateff C, Robin Y, Labusquière R, Le Gonidec G, Lemarinier
G, Bradley M. Comparaison de deux vaccins antiamarils administrés par
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vaccines administered by pressure injector without needle\]. Médicine
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> \[SC compared to ID; latter did poorly\]

{Gateff1972b} Gateff C. Vaccination BCG par injecteur sous pression sans
aiguille. Interaction du manipulateur et de l\'injecteur \[BCG
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{Gateff1973a} Gateff C. BCG vaccination by Ped-O-Jet pressure injector:
an out-of-date method. Bull Int Union Tuberc Dec
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{Gateff1974} Gateff C, Ravisse P, Monchicourt D, McBean M, Labusquière
R. Étude de la pénétration d\'un vaccin BCG inoculé par injecteur sous
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Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales Mar**-**Apr 1974;67(2):140**-**145.

{Gaylarde1972} Gaylarde P, Macmillan AL, Sarkany I. Requested
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\[Porton Jet injector\]

{Geenen2004} Geenen L, Marks LA, Martens LC. Évaluation clinique du
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d'évaluations de confort \[Clinical evaluation of the INJEX system, a
local anesthesia system without needles: a comfort evaluation study\].
Revue Belge de Médecine Dentaire 2004;59(3):149-155.

\[INJEX\]

{Gerbert1996} Gerbert J, Burns S, Liedtke LL. Anesthesia blocks of the
lower extremity **-** comparing the Biojector® with needle and syringe.
J Am Podiatric Med Assoc 1996;86(5):195-204.

{Gibbs} Gibbs SEJ, Johnson C, Littell R, Gibbs EPJ. Tissue damage
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Unpublished manuscript, Univ. of Florida.

{Gibson1986} Gibson JR , Harvey SG, Kemmett D, Salisbury J, Marks P.
Treatment of common and plantar viral warts with human lymphoblastoid
interferon**-**alpha**-**pilot studies with intralesional, intramuscular
and Dermo Jet injections. Br J Dermatol Aug 1986;115 Suppl:76-9.

{Gigauri1972} Gigauri VS, Popova EB. Osobennosti bezygol\'nykh
in\"ektsii i perspektivy primeneniia in\"ektorov \[Characteristics of
needleless injections and the prospects for using injectors\].
Khirurgiia (Moscow Russia) Dec 1972;48(12):22**-**26.

{Gigauri1973a} Gigauri VS; Matveev VA; Popova EB; Rogachev VT; Smoliarov
BV. Bezygol\'nye in\'ektory otechestvennogo proizvodstva
\[Soviet**-**manufacture jet injectors\]. Voenno**-**meditsinskii
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{Gigauri1973b} Gigauri VS, Vinnitskii LI, Popova EB. Skorost\'
rassasyvaniia veshchestva v tkaniakh pri bezygol\'nykh in\"ektsiiakh
\[Resorption rate in the tissues in needle**-**less injections\]. Zh
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{Gigauri1973c} Gigauri VS; Nikiforov VN; Popova EB; Koroteev AV.
Primenenie bezygol\'nykh in\'ektorov v usloviiakh statsionara \[Use of
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{Gigauri1973d} Gigauri VS, Popova EB, Smoliarov BV, Rogachev VT.
Vozmozhnosti bezygol\'nogo vvedeniia razlichnykh veshchestv zhivotnym
\[Possibilities of needleless administration of various substances to
animals\]. Veterinariia (Russia) 1973 Dec;12:93**-**95.

{Gigauri1974} Gigauri VS, Koroteev AV. Napravlennaia reguliatsiia
rasprostraneniia veshcestva v tkaniakh pri bezigol\'nykh in\'eksiiakh
\[Controlled regulation of drug distribution in the tissues in jet
injections\]. Eksp Khir Anesteziol (Russia) May**-**Jun 1974
;(3):47**-**50.

{Gigauri1975a} Gigauri VS, Uskova TA, Vazhigina MA, Mukhitdinov ShM.
Opyt primeneniia struinogo bezygol\'nogo vvedeniia anesteziruiushchikh
veshchestv pri tonzillektomii u detei \[Experience with using the
needleless jet administration of anesthetizing substances in
tonsillectomy in children\]. Vestn Otorinolaringol Jan**-**Feb
1975;(1):65**-**68.

{Gigauri1975b} Gigauri VS; Konstantinova NP; Vinnitskii LI; Kinduris
VIu; Zhidkov IL. Skorost\' vyvedeniia iz paratonzilliarnoi kletchatki
veshchestv, vvedennykh bezygol\'nym in\'ektorom v eksperimente \[Rate of
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{Gigauri1976a} Gigauri VS, Konstantinova NP, Kinduris VIu. Osobennosti
vnedreniia i rasprostraneniia veshchestva v tkaniiakh glotki pri
bez\'igol\'nykh in\'ektsiiakh v eksperimente \[Characteristics of
infiltration and distribution of a substance in the pharyngeal tissues
during experimental jet injections\]. Vestn Otorinolaringol Jan**-**Feb
1976;(1):52**-**56.

{Gigauri1976b} Gigauri VS; Milonov OB; Got\'e SV. Bezygol\'nyi in\'ektor
dlia vmeshatel\'stv na pecheni \[Jet injector for operations on the
liver\]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) May 1976;(5):151**-**153.

{Gigauri1976c} Gigauri VS, Krotov AI, Melemuka IV, Rusak LV, Sukhomlina
RA. Vozmozhnost\' ispol\'zovaniia bez\'igol\'nogo in\'ektora v tseliakh
eksperimental\'nogo izucheniia mestnoi terapii al\'veokokkoza
\[Possibility of use of a jet injector for experimental study of local
therapy of alveococcosis\]. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 1976
Sep**-**Oct;45(5):607**-**609.

{Gigauri1977a} Gigauri VS, Zakharov BG, Galkina TV, Dul\'tsev IuV.
Osobennosti mestnoi anestezii, provodimoi bezugol\'nymi in\'ektorami
\[Special features of local anesthesia with needleless injectors\].
Anesteziol Reanimatol Jan**-**Feb 1977;(1):67**-**71.

{Gigauri1977b} Gigauri VS; Koroteev AV; Marchuk LM. Analiz raboty
prizhimnykh ploshchadok bezygol\'nykh in\'ektorov \[Analysis of the
performance of the clamping pads of jet injectors\]. Med Tekh
Jan**-**Feb 1977;(1):23**-**27.

{Gigauri1977c} Gigauri VS; Zakharov BG. Primenenie bezygol\'nogo
in\'ektora BI**-**3 dlia provedeniia anestezii pri povrezhdeniiakh kisti
\[Use of the BI**-**3 jet injector for anesthesia in hand injuries\].
Khirurgiia (Mosk) 1977 Jun;(6):120**-**121.

{Gigauri1978a} Gigauri VS; Nikonov VA; Zahkarov BG; Smoliarov BV.
Primenenie modifitsirovannogo in\'\'ektora BI**-**3 v
travmatologicheskoi praktike \[Use of a modified BI**-**3 injection in
traumatological practice\]. Voenno**-**meditsinskii Zhurnal \[Military
Medical Journal\] (Russia) Jan 1978;(1):62.

{Gigauri1978b} Gigauri VS, Nikonov VA, Koroteev AV. Prichiny vozmozhnykh
oslozhnenii pri bezygol\'nykh in\"ektsiiakh i ikh profilaktika \[Causes
of possible complications with jet injections and their prevention\].
Voenno**-**meditsinskii Zhurnal \[Military Medical Journal\] (Russia)
Mar 1978;(3):40**-**42.

{Gigauri1978c} Gigauri VS, Koroteev AV, Vinogradova LN, Bogomolova NS,
Kachko FV. Kontsentratsiia amptisillina v krovi pri bezygol\'nom
struinom i igol\'no**-**shpritsevom sposobakh vvedeniia \[Ampicillin
concentration in the blood when administered by jet injection and
needle**-**syringe methods\]. Antibiotiki (Russia?) 1978
Apr;23(4):341**-**345.

\~R {Gigauri1980} Gigauri, V. S. (Vladimir Spiridonovich). Bezygol\'nye
in\"ektsii. \[GET ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF TITLE\] Publisher: Moskva:
Meditsina, 1980. Description: 269 p.: ill. UI: 8111095, Language:
Russian

{Girier1966} Girier L, Berthelot P, Phelippon M. Vaccinations
collectives par appareil automatique à injection par jet transcutané
\[Group vaccinations by an automatic apparatus for injection by
transcutaneous jet\]. Rev Corps Santé Armées Terre Mer Air (France) Feb
1966;7(1):147**-**156.

{Giudice2006} Giudice EL, Campbell JD. Needle-free vaccine delivery.
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2006;58:68-89.

\[Biojector^®^ 2000, HSI-500™, Injex™, LectraJet^®^, Mini-Imojet^®^,
PowderJect^®^ VitaJet™\]

{Glosemeyer1979} Glosemeyer H, Mendling W, Stockhausen H. Die
transvaginale Pudendus-Anaesthesie mit dem Jet-Injektor \[Transvaginal
pudendal anesthesia with a jet injector\]. Geb. Frauenheilk.
1979;39:954-956.

\[Med-E-Jet\]

{Gonzalez1997} Gonzalez JL, Verrips GH, Fekkes M, Hirasing RA, Groth M.
Psychological responses to the injection of insulin with the disposable
front-end Medi-Jector^®^ (MJ-6). Today's Therapeutic Trends - The
Journal of New Developments in Clinical Medicine 1997;15:53-71.

> \[See also: Leiden: TNO, TNO-report 97.045, pp. 53-71: UI: 100888888,
> Control Number: 888888
> [(](../(http://www.tno.nl/)<http://www.tno.nl/homepage.html>)\]

{Gorbatov1989} Gorbatov AV, AU - Gorbatova LN. Primenenie bezygol\'nogo
in\'\'ektora (BI-8) v usloviiakh stomatologicheskogo kabineta raionnoi
bol\'nitsy \[The use of a jet injector (the BI-8) at the oral medicine
office of a district hospital\]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) Nov-Dec
1989;68(6):70-71 (UI: 90162731, PMID: 2533752).

{Gotschlich1972a} Gotschlich EC, Rey M, Triau R, Sparks KJ. Quantitative
determination of the human immune response to immunization with
meningococcal vaccines. J Clin Investigation 1972;51:89-96.

> \[Ped-O-Jet®, meningococcus A vaccine, subcutaneous & intradermal\]

{Gotschlich1972b} Gotschlich EC, Rey M, Etienne J, Sanborn WR, Triau R,
Cvjetanovic B. The immunological responses observed in field studies in
Africa with group A meningococcal vaccines. Prog Immunobiol Stand
1972;5:485**-**491.

> \[Ped-O-Jet, Senegal, Nigeria\]

{Grabowsky1992} Grabowsky M, Hadler S. Safety of jet injectors.
Unpublished handouts used for presentation to the CDC Advisory Committee
on Immunization Practices, Atlanta, GA, 9-10 June 1992, pp. 1-18.

{Grabowsky1994} Grabowsky M, Hadler SC, Chen RT, Bond WW, de Souza Brito
G. Risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency
virus from jet injectors and from needles and syringes. Unpublished
manuscript draft, dated January 3, 1994 (20 pages of text, 5 pages of
tables, 4 pages of references, 2 pages of figures).

{Graham2006} Graham BS, Koup RA, Roederer M, Bailer RT, Enama ME, Moodie
Z, Martin JE, McCluskey MM, Chakrabarti BK, Lamoreaux L, Andrews CA,
Gomez PL, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ, Vaccine Research Center 004 Study Team.
Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity evaluation of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA
candidate vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2006;194:1650--1660

> \[Biojector^®^ 2000\]

\~R 2005Sep29 {Gramzinski1998} Gramzinski RA, Millan CL, Obaldia N,
Hoffman SL, Davis HL. Immune response to a hepatitis B DNA vaccine in
Aotus monkeys: a comparison of vaccine formulation, route, and method of
administration. Molec Medicine 1998;4:109-118.

\[Biojector\]

{Grau1997} Grau T, Ernst CP, Willershausen B. Eine nadellose, intraorale
Injektionstechnik. Klinische Studie zur Patientenakzeptanz des
nadellosen Injektionsgerates Syrijet Mark II. (Mizzy, Inc., N.J.,
U.S.A.) \[A needle**-**free intraoral injection technic. Clinical study
of patient acceptance of the Syrijet Mark II Needleless Injector (Mizzy,
Inc., N.J., U.S.A.)\]. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed (Switzerland)
1997;107(11):993**-**1002.

\[Syrijet\]

{Greenberg1994} Greenberg RS, Maxwell LG, Zahruak, M, Yaster, M.
Preinduction of anesthesia in children with midazolam using the Bioject
Jet Injector. Poster presentation at the annual meeting of the American
Society of Anesthesiologists, October 18, 1994.

{Greenberg1995} Greenberg RS, Maxwell LG, Zahurak MS, Yaster M.
Preanesthetic medication of children with midazolam using the Biojector
jet injector. Anesthesiology 1995;83:264-269.

{Greenfield1972} Greenfield W, Karpinski JF. Needleless jet injection in
comprehensive pain control and applications to oral surgery. Anesth
Prog. Jul-Aug 1972;19(4):94-97.

{Greenfield1973} Greenfield W, Karpinski JF. Clinical application of jet
injection to comprehensive pain control. Anesth Prog.
1973;20(4):110-112.

\[Syrijet\]

{Greenwood1980} Greenwood BM, Wali SS. Control of meningococcal
infection in the African meningitis belt by selective vaccination.
Lancet 1980-;1:729-732.

> \[Imo-Jet\]

{Griffiths1965} Griffiths MI, Davitt MC, Brindle TW, Holme T.
Intradermal BCG vaccination by jet injection. British Medical Journal
1965;2:399-401.

{Griffiths1971} see: British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Association 1971.

{Gross1970} Gross PA, Grigsby SF, Kogan BA, Heidbreder GA. Jet injector:
appraisal of its use in a local setting. Am J Public Health Nations
Health. Sep 1970;60(9):1839-1844.

> \[Hypospray^®^, electric K model, measles vaccine, comparison with
> needle-syringes of time needed for physician and nurse to administer
> mass vaccinations\]

{Guérard/Mathieu1865} Guérard, Alph. Présentation, au nom de M. Mathieu,
d'un appareil dit à *douches filiformes*, Séance du 2 mai 1865,
Présidence de M. Bouchardat, Vice-Président \[Presentation in the name
of M. Mathieu, of an apparatus for threadlike sprays, meeting of 2 May
1865, Monsieur Bouchardat, vice-president, presiding\]. Bulletin de
l\'Académie Impériale de Médecine (France), 1865;30:676-677 \[Document
accession no. «cote» 90164, La Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de
Médecine (BIUM), l\'Université de Paris V **-** René Descartes\]

\[cited in Servajan1872\]

{Guha1982} Guha SN, Dutta M. Immunization with jet injectors: an
experience of 5 years. J Commun Dis (India) 1982;14(2): 154-156.

{Haensler1999} Haensler J, Verdelet C, Sanchez V, Girerd-Chambaz Y,
Bonnin A, Trannoy E, Krishnan S, Meulien P. Intradermal DNA immunization
by using jet-injectors in mice and monkeys. Vaccine 1999;17:628-638.

> \[Isajet™\]

{Hahn1968} Hahn W. Zur Verwendung von Dermo**-**Jet in der Mundhöhle
\[Oral uses of Dermo**-**Jet\]. Quintessenz 1968 Mar;19(3):21**-**22.

{Hallé1986} Hallé J-P, Lambert J, Lindmayer I, Menassa K, Coutu F,
Moghrabi A, Legendre L, Legault C, Lalumière G. Twice daily mixed
regular and NPH insulin injections with new jet injector versus
conventional syringes: pharmacokinetics of insulin absorption. Diabetes
Care 1986;9:279-282.

\~R 2007Oct04 {Hallermalm2007} Hallermalm K, Johansson S, Bråve A, Ek M,
Engstrom G, Boberg A, Gudmundsdotter L, Blomberg P, Mellstedt H, Stout
R, Liu MA, Wahren B. Pre-clinical evaluation of a CEA DNA prime/protein
boost vaccination strategy against colorectal cancer. Scandinavian
Journal of Immunology. Jul 2007;66(1):43-51.

> \[Biojector 2000\]

\~R 2002Aug6 {Hanson1979} Hanson, Stefan (EPI short term consultant).
Report on Jet Injector Study \[to WHO/EPI\], Ghana, November 1978-May
1979.

> \[cited in WHO1980\]

{Hardison1977} Hardison CD. Application of a versatile instrument for
production of cutaneous anesthesia without needle penetration of the
skin. J ACEP 1977;6(6):266-8..

{Hardy2005} Hardy MP, Kendall MA. Mucosal deformation from an impinging
transonic gas jet and the ballistic impact of microparticles. Physics in
Medicine & Biology 7 October 2005;50(19):4567-80.

\[PowderJet related\]

{Harenberg1982} Harenberg J, Arleth D, Köppern K, Matthes K, Zimmermann
R. Subkutane Applikation von Heparin mit einem Injektor \[Subcutaneous
application of heparin with a jet injector (author\'s transl)\].
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2 Apr 1982;107(13):497**-**500.

> \[Med-E-Jet\]

{Harris2006a} Harris M, Joy R, Larsen G, Valyi M, Walker E, Frick LW,
Palmatier RM, Wring SA, Montaner JSG. Enfuvirtide plasma levels and
injection site reactions using a needle-free gas-powered injection
system (Biojector). AIDS. 2006;20:719--723.

{Harris2006b} Harris M, Larsen G, Valyi M, Walker E, Montaner JSG.
Transient neuropathy after needle-free injection outside of recommended
sites \[letter\]. AIDS. 2006;20:784-785.

\[Biojector\]

{Harrop2003} Harrop R, Connoly N, Redchenko I, Drury N, Ryan M, Kingsman
SM, Hawkins RE, Carroll MW. Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing
the tumour associated antigen 5T4 (TroVax) induces immune responses in
late stage colorectal cancer patients in a phase I/II clinical trial.
94^th^ Annual Meeting, American Association of Cancer Research, 11-14
July 2003, Washington, DC \[poster\] \[press release:
<http://www.oxfordbiomedica.co.uk/news/2003-ob-13.htm>\].

> \[Biojector\]

{Harrop200[?]{.mark}} Harrop R, Connolly N, Redchenko I, Personnel C,
Ryan MG, Myers KA, Drury N, Kingsman SM, Hawkins RE, Carroll MW.^.^
Vaccination of late-stage colorectal cancer patients with attenuated
vaccinia virus encoding the tumor associated antigen 5T4 (TroVax)
induces both cellular and humoral immune responses \[submitted
manuscript\].

{Harsch2001} Harsch IA, Hahn EG, Ficker JH. Moderne Methoden der
Insulinverabreichung: Die Jetinjektion - das Ende der "Spritzenangst"?
\[Modern methods of insulin administration: Jet injection\-- end of
"injection anxiety"?\]. MMW Fortschr Med. 26 Jul 2001;143(30):34-35.

\[Injex\]

{Hartikka2001} Hartikka J, Bozoukova V, Ferrari M, Sukhu L, Enas J,
Sawdey M, Wloch MK, Tonsky K, Norman J, Manthorpe M, Wheeler CJ.
Vaxfectin enhances the humoral immune response to plasmid DNA-encoded
antigens. Vaccine, 2001;19(15-16):1911-1923.

> \[Biojector®2000, Medi-Jector Choice™, and Activa AdvantaJet™ increase
> antibody response of new Vaxfectin™ adjuvant used with DNA vaccine in
> mice, compared to needle and syringe.\]

{Haupt2003} Haupt G, Haupt A, Richter KD, Senge T. New way to deliver
fluids: endoscopic jet injection into the beagle prostate. Journal of
Urology 2003;170(5):2097­2100.

{Hayden1972} Hayden RJ. Reduced dosage measles vaccination trial in
Nairobi. East African Medical Journal March 1972;49(3):213-218.

\[Ped-O-Jet subcutaneously, 1/5 normal dose compared to full dose\]

{Haynes1996} Haynes JR, McCabe DE, Swain WF, Widera G, Fuller JT.
Particle mediated nucleic acid immunization. J Biotech 1996;44:37-42.

> \[Accell®\]

{Hawkins2002} Hawkins JM, Moore PA. Local anesthesia: advances in agents
and techniques. Dent Clin North Am 2002 Oct;46(4):719-32, ix.

\[MadaJet, SyriJet\]

{Helm1969} Helm F, Berger JE, McEvoy BF, Klein E. Studies with the
Hypospray. Observations on penetration and distribution of India ink in
skin and tumors. N Y State J Med 15 Feb 1969;69(4):561-563.

\[Hypospray\]

R-2003Jan3 {Henderson1972} Henderson A. Vaccination antivariolique . In:
Séminaire sue les vaccinations en Afrique. Publication of Centre
International de l'Enfance, Paris, 1972.

> \[cited in Fournier1973

{Hendrickse1965} Hendrickse RG, Montefiore D, Sherman PM, Sofoluwe GO. A
further study on measles vaccination in Nigerian children. Bull WHO
1965;32:803-808.

> \[ARTICLE NOT YET CONFIRMED AS "NEEDLE-FREE" VERIFY FROM
> HENDRICKSE1964\]

{Hendrickse1966a} Hendrickse RG, Montefiore D, Peradze T, Sherman P,
Powell M. Measles vaccination. Report of large scale trial of further
attenuated measles vaccine in Nigeria. J Trop Med Hyg 1966;69:112-116.

> \[Ped-O-Jet\]

{Hendrickse1966b} Hendrickse RG, Montefiore D, Sherman P, Peradze T.
Comparative trial of further attenuated measles vaccines. Brit Med J 26
Mar 1966;5490:779-781. \[ARTICLE NOT YET CONFIRMED AS "NEEDLE-FREE".
VERIFY FROM HENDRICKSE1964.\]

{Hendrickse1968} Hendrickse RG, Montefiore D. Measles vaccination with
reduced dosage. Brit. Med. J 1968 Oct 5;3(622):28-30.

> \[Ped-O-Jet®\]

{Hendrix1966} Hendrix C, Nichols C, Hirsh L. A new method of
administering the tuberculin skin test. Am J Public Health 1966
May;56(5):818-20.

{Herbst} Herbst J. Clinical evaluation of a needle free injection device
for military applications. Unpublished, undated document (8 pages)
distributed by Biojector, Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA.

{Hertzberger1964} Hertsberger E. Jet injection \[in Dutch\]. Tijdschr
Soc Geneeskd 6 Nov 1964;42:849-853.

> \[detailed photographs of Hypospray^®^ K model (Scherer) hydraulic
> pump, and Ped-O-Jet^®^ electrical high-speed jet injectors\]

{Heyworth1970} Heyworth B. Combined BCG and smallpox vaccination (a
field trial in Rwanda). Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 1970
March;16(1):17-19.

> \[Dermojet, intradermal\]

{Hingson1947} Hingson RA, Hughes JG. Clinical studies with jet
injection. A new method of drug administration. Current Researches in
Anesthesia and Analgesia 1947;26(6):221-230.

{Hingson1948a} Hingson RA, Johansen FA, Erickson PT, et al. Preliminary
study of the Hypospray for parenteral therapy in its relation to the
management of leprosy. Int J Leprosy April-June 1948:173-180.

\[Hypospray original\]

{Hingson1948b} Hingson RA, Easley EJ, Gray AL, Tucher C, Kiesselback MR,
Parkhurst G, Usher G, Davidson H. Hypospray administration of penicillin
in the treatment of gonorrhea. J Ven Dis Inform 1948;29:61-63.

\[Hypospray original\]

{Hingson1949} Hingson RA. The development of the Hypospray for
parenteral therapy by jet injection. Anaesthesiology 1949;10:66-75.

\[Hypospray original\]

{Hingson1952} Hingson RA, Figge FHJ. A survey of the development of jet
injection in parenteral therapy. Current Researches in Anesthesia and
Analgesia. Nov.-Dec. 1952;31:361-366.

\[excellent early history, mentions Squibb, Scherer, Velodermic, etc.\]

{Hingson1957} Hingson RA, Davis HS, Bloomfield RA, Brailey RF. Mass
inoculation of the Salk polio vaccine with the multiple dose jet
injector. GP \[General Practitioner\] May 1957;15:94-96.

> \[Press-O-Jet diagram and data, mentions Hypospray and "Velo-dermic"
> (Velodermic)\]

{Hingson1963a} Hingson RA, Davis HS, Rosen M. The historical development
of jet injection and envisioned uses in mass immunization and mass
therapy based upon two decades' experience. Military Medicine
1963;128:516-524.

\[Press-O-Jet, among others\]

{Hingson1963b} Hingson RA, Davis HS, Rosen M. Clinical experience with
one and a half million jet injections in parenteral therapy and in
preventive medicine. Military Medicine 1963;128:525-528.

{Hingson1967} Hingson RA, Krantz A. Origen y perfeccionamiento del
inyector a presión de uso manual para programas de inmunización en gran
escala. Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Dec
1967;63(6):467-78.

> \[*Does English version of above exist?*\]

{Hingson1989} Hingson, Ralph. Robert Hingson interviewed by Ralph
Hingson (1989-March-31). (videotape, VHS, NTSC format,
<http://www.asahq.org/wlm/JWP.html>). From the John W. Pender Collection
of the Living History of Anesthesiology, [The Wood Library -- Museum of
Anesthesiology (http:/www.asahq.org](http://www.asahq.org/)), Park
Ridge, Illinois, USA.

{Hirsh1948} Hirsh HL, Welch H, Milloff B, and Katz S. Administration of
penicillin and streptomycin by means of the Hypospray apparatus (jet
injection); absorption, toxicity, and stability. J Lab Clin Med
1948;33:805-810.

{Hoffman2001} Hoffman PN, Abuknesha RA, Andrews NJ, Samuel D, Lloyd JS.
A model to assess the infection potential of jet injectors used in mass
immunisation. Vaccine. 16 July 2001;19(28-29):4020-4027.

\[MUNJI safety\]

> \[A = Am-O-Jet/Ped-O-Jet® , B = MEDiVAX™ multi-use-nozzle prototype, C
> = SICIM prototype, D = Med-E-Jet® \]

{Hoke1988} Hoke CH, Nisalak A, Sangawhipa N, Jatanasen S, Laorakapongse
T, Innis BL, Kotchasenee S, Gingrich JB, Latendresse J, Fukai K, *et
al*. . Protection against Japanese encephalitis by inactivated vaccines.
N Eng J Med 1988;319:608-614.

\[Ped-O-Jet^®^\]

{Hoke1992} Hoke, C.H., Binn, L.N., Egan, J.E., DeFraites, R.F.,
MacArthy, P.O., Innis, B.L., Eckels, K.H., Dubois, D., D\'Hondt, E.,
Sjogren, M.H., Rice, R., Sadoff, J.C., and Bancroft,W.H. Hepatitis A in
the US Army: Epidemiology and Vaccine Development. Vaccine 1992, 10
(Supplement 1), S75-79.

{Hoke1995} Hoke CH Jr, Egan JE, Sjogren MH, Sanchez J, DeFraites RF,
MacArthy PO, Binn LN, Rice R, Burke A, Hill J, et al. Administration of
hepatitis A vaccine to a military population by needle and jet injector
and with hepatitis B vaccine. J Infect Dis March 1995;171(Suppl
1):s53**-**s60.

{Holding1998} Holding R, Carlsen W, et.al. Deadly Needles: A Global
Crisis. San Francisco Chronicle 1998. Multiple articles:

<http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1998/10/27/MN52NEE.DTL>,
<http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1998/10/29/MN10NED.DTL>,
<http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1998/12/18/MN44912.DTL>.

{Hollingsworth2000} Hollingsworth SJ, Hoque K, Linnard D, Corry DG,
Barker SGE. Delivery of low molecular weight heparin for prophylaxis
against deep vein thrombosis using a novel, needle-less injection device
(J-Tip®). Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2000;82:428-431.

\[J-Tip\]

**\*ID** {HongKongMeaslesVaccineCommittee1967} Hong Kong Measles Vaccine
Committee. Comparative trial of live attenuated measles vaccine in Hong
Kong by intramuscular and intradermal injection. Bull World Health Organ
1967;36:375-384.

{Horn1975} Horn H, Opiz B, Schau G. Investigations into the risk of
injection by the use of jet injectors. Health and Social Service Journal
25 October 1975;85:2396-2397.

\[Hypospray; MUNJI safety\]

{Houdijk1997} Houdijk ECAM, Herdes E, and Delemarre-Van de Waal HA.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human growth
hormone by subcutaneous jet-or needle-injection in patients with growth
hormone deficiency. Acta Paediatr December 1997;86(12):1301-1307.

{Houtzagers1988a} Houtzagers CMGJ, Berntzen PA, van der Stap H, Heine
RJ, van der Veen EA. Absorption kinetics of short**-** and
intermediate**-**acting insulins after jet injection with
Medi**-**Jector II. Diabetes Care October 1988;11(9):739**-**742.

{Houtzagers1988b} Houtzagers CMGJ, Visser AP, Berntzen PA, Heine RJ, van
der Veen EA. The Medi**-**Jector II: efficacy and acceptability in
insulin**-**dependent diabetic patients with and without needle phobia.
Diabet Med Mar 1988;5(2):135**-**138.

{Hu1991} Hu DJ, Kane MA, Heymann DL. Transmission of HIV, hepatitis B
virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in health care settings: a review
of risk factors and guidelines for prevention. Bull World Health Organ
1991;69(5):623-630.

{Hughes1948} Hughes JF, Jordan RG, Hill FS. Jet injection in pediatric
practice. Memphis Medical Journal July 1948;23:116-120.

\[Hypospray\]

{Hughes1949a} Hughes JG, Jordan RG, Hill FS. Current status of jet
injection. Southern Medical Journal 1949;42:296-303.

\[Hypospray\]

{Hughes1949b} Hughes JG, Jordan RG, Hill FS. Jet injection in pediatric
practice. Pediatrics 1949;3:801-812.

\[Hypospray\]

{Hughes1969a} Hughes GRV, Currey HL. Hypospray treatment of tennis
elbow. Ann Rheum Dis Jan 1969;28(1):58**-**62.

\[Hypospray\]

{Hughes1969b} Hughes GRV. The use of the Hypospray in the treatment of
minor orthopaedic conditions. Proc R Soc Med Jun 1969;62(6):577.

{Hurwitz1964} Hurwitz LH. The Dermo-jet painless injection without a
needle. J Am Podiatric Association. 1964:54:639.

> {Iatskova1988} Iatskova TV. Opredelenie chuvstvitel\'nosti k
> tuberkulinu s ispol\'zovaniem bezygol\'nogo in\'\'ektora BI-1M u
> uchashchikhsia srednikh spetsial\'nykh uchebnykh zavedenii
> \[Determining sensitivity to tuberculin using the BI-1M jet injector
> in students of special secondary schools\]. Problemy tuberkuleza
> \[Russia\]. 1988;(4):9-11 \[Medline Unique Identifier 3420086\].

{Ikehara1972} Ikehara NK, McKibben DH, Pechersky JL, Rapp R. Comparison
of jet injection and needle**-**syringe injection techniques in
production of edema. J Dent Res Mar**-**Apr 1972;51(2):573**-**576.

{Imoto2005} Imoto J-I, Konishi E. Needle-free jet injection of a mixture
of Japanese encephalitis DNA and protein vaccines: A strategy to
effectively enhance immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine in a murine model.
Viral Immunology. Mar 2005;18(1):205-212.

\[ShimaJET\]

{IndustrialPharmacistsGroup1998} Industrial Pharmacists Group. Coming
soon . . . "near-to-market" novel drug delivery systems. The
Pharmaceutical Journal (Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain)
26 September 1998;261:509.

{Inoue1996} Inoue N, Kobayashi D, Kimura M, Toyama M, Sugawara I,
Itoyama S, Ogihara M, Sugibayashi K, Morimoto Y. Fundamental
investigation of a novel drug delivery system, a transdermal delivery
system with jet injection. Int J Pharmaceutics 1996;137:75-84.

\[Preci-Jet\]

{InstitutMérieux-undated} Institut Mérieux & IFFA CREDO. IM-O-JET - M7:
User and maintenance manual \[English\]. Institut Mérieux, 58 avenue
Leclerc 69007 Lyon, France; [IFFA CREDO Service im-o-jet]{.smallcaps},
69210 L'Arbresle, France, 60 pages.

{Ivannikov1980} Ivannikov IuG, Efimenko IB, Marinich IG, Luk\'ianov IuV,
Naikhin AN. Otsenka effektivnosti massovoi profilaktiki grippa s
ispol\'zovaniem inaktivirovannoi khromatograficheskoi vaktsiny v
Leningrade \[Evaluation of mass influenza prevention effectiveness using
an inactivated chromatographic vaccine in Leningrad\]. Zh Mikrobiol
Epidemiol Immunobiol Nov 1980;(11):18-27 (UI: 81081779, PMID: 6449811).

> \[Influenza vaccine during the influenza A (H3N2) epidemic of
> 1979-1980\]

{Jackson1993} Jackson J, Dworkin R, Tsai T, McMullen R, Kuchmak N.
Comparison of antibody response and patient tolerance of yellow fever
vaccine administered by the Biojector® needle**-**free injection system
versus conventional needle/syringe injection. Third International
Conference on Travel Medicine; Paris; 25-29 April 1993;264:209.

{Jackson2001} Jackson LA, Austin G, Chen RT, Stout R, DeStefano F, Gorse
GJ, Newman FK, Yu O, Weniger BG. Vaccine Safety Datalink Study Group.
Safety and immunogenicity of varying doses of trivalent inactivated
influenza vaccine administered by needle-free jet injectors. Vaccine
2001;19:4703-4709.

\[Biojector^®^ 2000, Vitajet^®^\]

{Janouskova2003} Janouskova O, Nellessen T, Stokrova J, Jinoch P, Smahel
M. Delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus by jet injection. Int
J Mol Med, Nov 2003;12(5):687-691.

\[Swiss Injector^®^\]

{Jeanneret1967} Jeanneret M. Anesthésie de surface par le «Dermo**-**Jet
» \[Surface anesthesia with the \"Dermo**-**jet\"\]. SSO Schweizerische
Monatsschrift für Zahnheilkunde (Switzerland) Dec
1967;77(12):1155**-**1157.

{Jenkins1995} Jenkins M, Kerr D, Fayer R, Wall R. Serum and colostrum
antibody responses induced by jet**-**injection of sheep with DNA
encoding a Cryptosporidium parvum antigen. Vaccine 1995
13(17):1658**-**1664.

{Jimenez2006} Jimenez N, Bradford H, Seidel KD, Sousa M, Lynn AM. A
comparison of a needle-free injection system for local anesthesia versus
EMLA for intravenous catheter insertion in the pediatric patient.
Anesthesia & Analgesia Feb 2006;102(2):411-414.

\[J-Tip\]

{Johnson2000} Johnson JO, Kern SE, White JL. Local anesthesia for venous
and arterial access: comparison of jet injection with needle
infiltration. International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) 74th
Clinical and Scientific Congress, \[?location, day-month?\] 2000.
\[abstract S-9\] <http://iars.com/abstracts/abstracts/S1/S9.htm>

{Jopling1966} Jopling WH. The use of a Dermojet injector for skin
biopsies. Lepr Rev Oct 1966;37(4):219**-**220.

{Jovanovic-Peterson1993} Jovanovic-Peterson L, Sparks S, Palmer JP,
Peterson CM. Jet-injected insulin is associated with decreased antibody
production and postprandial glucose variability when compared with
needle-injected insulin in gestational diabetic women. Diabetes Care
1993;16(11):1479-1484.

{Juel-Jensen1965} Juel-Jensen BE, MacCallum FO. Herpes simplex lesions
of face treated with idoxuridine applied by spray gun: results of a
double-blind controlled trial. British Medical Journal 1965;1:901-903.

\~R {Kalabus1966} Kalabus F, Sansarricq H, Lambin P, Proulx J, Hilleman
MR. Standardisation du vaccine vivant combiné contre la rougeole et la
variole et son application dans une campagne de masse en Haute-Volta
\[Standardization of combined live vaccine against measles and smallpox
and their use in a mass campaign in Upper Volta\]. Rapport Final,
XIII^e^ Conférence Ministérielle de l'OCCGE \[Organisation de
Coopération et de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les Grandes
Endémies\], 2-8 November 1966, Abidjan.

> \[? French translation/version of following citation in English?\]

{Kalabus1967} Kalabus F, Sansarricq H, Lambin P, Proulx J, Hilleman MR.
Standardization and mass application of combined live measles-smallpox
vaccine in Upper Volta. Am J Epidemiol 1967;86(1):93-111.

{Kaplan1987} G Kaplan, A Nusrat, EN Sarno, CK Job, J McElrath, JA Porto,
CF Nathan and ZA Cohn. Cellular responses to the intradermal injection
of recombinant human gamma-interferon in lepromatous leprosy patients.
American Journal of Pathology. 1987;128:345-353.

> \[intradermal, MadaJet -- device unmentioned, but identifed via
> predecessor report Nathan1986\]

{Karande2005} Pankaj Karande, Amit Jain, Kaitlin Ergun, Vincent
Kispersky, and Samir Mitragotri. Design principles of chemical
penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery. PNAS 29 March
2005;102(13):4688-4693

{Katoulis1989} Katoulis EC, Drosinos EK, Dimitriadis GK, Hadjidakis DJ,
Mavrokefalos PG, Raptis SA. Efficacy of a new needleless insulin
delivery system monitoring of blood glucose fluctuations and free
insulin levels. Int J Artif Organs. May 1989;12(5):333-338.

\[Vitajet\]

{Kellum1987} Kellum RE. Intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate
by dermal pressure-jet instrument \[letter\] J Am Acad Dermatology
October 1987;17(4):694.

{Kemezys1997} Kemežys R, Lašiene D, Lašas L. Naujo augimo hormono
transjekcijos klinikinis ivertinimas \[Clinical evaluation of a
needle-free device for subcutaneous administration of growth hormone.\]
Medicina (Kaunas) 1997;33(2):46-48 (ISSN: 1010-660X, Kaunas Medical
University, Vilnius, Lithuania).

> \[Medi-Jector®\]

{Kenney2004} Kenney RT, Frech SA, Muenz LR, Villar CP, Glenn GM. Dose
sparing with intradermal injection of influenza vaccine. N Engl J Med,
25 November 2004; 351(22):2295-301.

{Kerum1987} Kerum G, Profozic V, Granic M, Skrabalo Z. Blood glucose and
free insulin levels after the administration of insulin by conventional
syringe or jet injector in insulin treated type 2 diabetics. Horm Metab
Res. September 1987;19:422-425.

{Keshtgar1999a} Keshtgar MRS, Barker SGE, Ell PJ. Needle-free vehicle
for administration of radionuclide for sentinel-node biopsy. Lancet 24
April 1999;353:1410-1411.

> \[J-Tip®\]

{Keshtgar1999b} Keshtgar MRS, KocjanG. A novel, pain-free approach to
fine needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytologica 1999;43(4):700
(abstract C020, 26^th^ European Congress of Cytology).

> \[J-Tip® anesthesia\]

{Keshtgar1999c} Keshtgar MRS, Waddington WA, Lakhani SR, Ell PJ. The
Sentinel Node in Surgical Oncology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1999,
pp.187-189 of 193. ISBN 3**-**540**-**65176**-**4.

{Khitrov1993} Khitrov NA, Sil\'vestrov VP \[Xитpoв HA, Cильвecтpoв BП\].
Лечение деформирующего остеоартроза игольно-струйными интра- и
периартикулярными инъекциями лекарственных препаратов \[O lechenii
deformiruiushchego osteoartroza igol\'no-struinymi intra- i
periartikuliarnymi in\'\'ektsiiami lekarstvennykh sredstv\] \[The
treatment of osteoarthrosis deformans by needle-jet intra- and
periarticular drug injections\]. Терапевтический архив \[Therapeutic
archive\]. 1993;65(8):62-65 (UI: 94024681, PMID: 8211806).

> \["The paper reports pilot experience with jet needle drug injections
> for knee joint osteoarthrosis deformans running with proliferative
> involvement. The treatment was performed outpatiently in the disease
> exacerbations associated with reactive synovitis. Injections of 20 mg
> kenalog were made with the semiautomatic combined jet injector ISI-I.
> 24 patients received 71 injections (a mean of 2.1 injections, each).
> Basic therapy underwent no changes. The course of injections produced
> improvement in 21 patients (87.5%). The majority of them got better as
> early as the first injection: arthrosis symptoms and pain alleviated,
> joint hyperthermia reduced, the mobility, on the contrary, increased.
> Blood counts showed no negative trends. Complications and
> exacerbations due to the treatment were not reported. Because of the
> efficacy, easy performance, painlessness, jet intra- and periarticular
> injections are believed beneficial and can be used outpatiently."\]
>
> \[ISI-1 jet injector\]

{Khitrov1994} Khitrov NA, Sil\'vestrov VP \[Xитpoв H.A., Cильвecтpoв
B.П.\]. Клиническая эффективность интра- и периартикулярного введения
лекарственных препаратов игольно-струйным инъектором \"ИСИ-1\" для
лечения ревматоидного артрита \[Klinicheskaia effektivnost\' intra- i
periartikuliarnogo vvedeniia lekarstvennykh preparatov igol\'no-struinym
in\'\'ektorom ISI-1 dlia lecheniia revmatoidnogo artrita\] \[The
clinical effectiveness of the intra- and periarticular introduction of
medicines by needle- jet injector \"ISI-Y\" for treating rheumatoid
arthritis\]. Терапевтический архив \[Therapeutic archive\].
1994;66(8):67-70 (UI: 95076439, PMID: 7985161).

> \[ISI-1 jet injector\]

{Khitrov1997} Khitrov NA, Sil\'vestrov VP, Tsurko VV. \[A comparative
evaluation of local therapy methods in treating osteoarthrosis
deformans\] Терапевтический архив \[Therapeutic archive, Ter Arkh\]
1997;69(2):53-4.

> {"71 patients with knee joint osteoarthritis deformans in exacerbation
> with weak exudative component have received outpatient treatment:
> intrajoint injections of kenalog with novocaine, jet intra- and
> periarticular injections of the above drugs, magnetolaser therapy
> (groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The response was obtained in 85, 90
> and 75%, respectively. Neither toxicity nor complications were
> recorded. The above methods are recommended for use in outpatient
> departments and clinics."\]

{Khitrov2005} Khitrov NA (Nikolai Arkadyevich). Локальная инъекционная
терапия ревматических болезней (история вопроса, современный взгляд и
перспективы развития) \[Local injection therapy of rheumatic diseases:
background, contemporary views, and prospects for development\]. School
of Local Therapy of Joints and Soft Tissues (Russia \[+8 (926)
537-84-03\]). Available at: <http://khitrov.rheumo.ru/obzor.php>.

> \[origins of Russian technology in the Всесоюзном
> научно-исследовательском институте хирургической аппаратуры и
> инструментов (ВНИИХАИ) \[All-Union Scientific Research Institute of
> Surgical Equipment and Tools (VNIIKHAI\]), developed into США \[SShA\]
> and BIP devices at the Chemical Automatics Design Bureau (CADB),
> Voronezh, Russia\]

\~R 2007Oct04 {Kim2007} Kim D, Baraniuk J. Delayed-type hypersensitivity
reaction to the meta-cresol component of insulin. Annals of Allergy,
Asthma, & Immunology. Aug. 2007;99(2):194-195.

{Kindt1971} Kindt H. Erfahrungen einer amerikanischen Gesundheitsbehörde
mit Impfpistolen bei Massenimpfungen von Schulkindern \[Experience in
the American public health service with a vaccination gun for mass
immunization of schoolchildren\]. Arbeitsmed, Sozialmed, Arbeitshyg.
1971;6:216.

{King1998} King S, Bareille P, Stanhope R. re: Growth hormone treatment
without a needle \[letter\]. J pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1998;11(1):87.

{King2002} King T. A review of needlefree injection technologies. World
Pharma Web, (Pharma Ventures, Ltd.), article 4. 2002:;1-5 (URL:
<http://www.worldpharmaweb.com/ddcr/article4.pdf>).

{Kirschenheuter1965} Kirschenheuter F. Beobachtungen bei der
Grippe**-**Impfung mit einem Injector ohne Nadel \[Observations in
influenza vaccination with a needleless injector\]. Zentralbl Arbeitsmed
1965 Oct;15(10):244**-**245.

{Koenig2002} Koenig HM, Paisansathan C, Albrecht II RF; Zsigmond E. K.
Jet vs Needle Injection of Local Anesthetic Prior to Insertion of
Arterial Lines in Awake Neurosurgical Patients. Annual Meeting, American
Society of Anesthesiologists, 2002 (abstract A-282). Anesthesiology
2002;96:A282.

\~R 2004Jul15 {Koenig2004} Koenig HM, Paisansathan C, Albrecht RF 2nd,
Zsigmond EK. Jet injection of local anesthetic decreases pain of
arterial cannulation in awake neurosurgical patients. Journal of
Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 2004;16(2):156-9.

\[Biojector\]

{Kogan1968} Kogan BA, Murray RA, Hanes B, Gross PA, Carson CC,
Heidbreder GA, Glass LH. Mass measles immunization in Los Angeles
County. Am J Public Health Nations Health. Oct 1968;58(10):1883-1890.

{Kok1983} Kok P, Kenya P, Ensoring H. Measles immunization with further
attenuated heat-stable measles vaccine using five different methods of
administration. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1983;77:171-176.

{Konishi2003} Konishi E, Terazawa A, Fujii A. Evidence for antigen
production in muscles by dengue and Japanese encephalitis DNA vaccines
and a relation to their immunogenicity in mice. Vaccine
2003;21:3713--3720.

\[ShimaJET\]

{Korol\'kov1994} Korol\'kov VF, Furgal SM, Ishkil\'din MI. Strategiia i
osnovnye napravleniia optimizatsii immunoprofilaktiki v voiskakh. \[The
strategy and basic trends in optimizing immunoprophylaxis among the
troops\]. Voenno-meditsinskii Zhurnal \[Military Medical Journal\]
(Russia) . Mar 1994;(3):35-9, 79 (UI: 94249181, PMID: 8191689).

{Koroteev1980} Koroteev AV, Dement\'eva NN, Zavrazhnaia TA, Gigauri VS,
Tentsova AI. Kontsentratsiia novokaina i promedola v krovi
eksperimental\'nykh zhivotnykh pri bezygol\'nom i
igol\'no**-**shpritsevom sposobakh vvedeniia \[Novocaine and promedol
concentrations in the blood of experimental animals with jet and
needle**-**syringe methods of administration\]. Anesteziol Reanimatol
(Russia) Aug 1980;(4):21**-**3.

{Kovacs1982} Kovacs AD. Clinical experience with use of a jet injector
for paracervical blocks in office practice. Obstet Gynecol.
1982;59(3):373-4.

\~R 2005Apr22 {Kovacs1994} Kovacs V, Fekete Gy, Zsigmond EK. A novel
pediatric anesthetic induction technique with midazolam via a jet
injector. Arch Hung Med Assoc Am 1994;2:6-[\##]{.mark}.

{Kovacs1996} Kovacs V, Fekete Gy, Zsigmond EK. Jet-anesthetic induction
in children; Comparison of the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of
midazolam with ketamine. Arch Hung Med Assoc Am 1996;4:14.

{Krag1999} Krag D, Moffat F. Nuclear medicine and the surgeon. Lancet
1999;354:1019-1022.

{Kramer1962} Kramer IRH. Distribution in the tissues of fluid injected
by high pressure jet. J Dent Res \[Scientific Proceedings of British
Division\] 1962;41:1255 \[abstract 17\].

> \[unidentified British jet injector made by Amalgamated Dental
> Engineering Company (design by R.R. Stephens); see Stephens1962\]

{Krantz1959} Krantz A. L'injecteur sans aiguille Dermo-Jet. Presse
Médecine (France) 17 October 1959:67(48);1807.

{Krantz1960} Krantz A. Der Druck-Injector "Dermo-Jet". Münchener
Medizinische Wochenschrift 1960;102:2034-2035.

{Krantz1970} Krantz A. Un injecteur sans aiguille pour vaccination de
masse \[Needleless injector for mass vaccination\]. Presse Méd (France)
14 Feb 1970;78(8):383.

\[VACCI-JET™ and Dermo-Jet®\]

{Kremer1970} Kremer MG. Jet vaccination \[letter\]. Brit Med J
1970;4:303.

{Kurz1983} Kurz KH, Meier-Oehlke P. Jet injection\--local anesthesia for
fitting and removal of IUDs. Contracept Deliv Syst Jan 1983;4(1):27-32.

{Kutscher1962} Kutscher AH, Hyman GA, Zegarelli EV, Dekis J, Piro JD. A
comparative evaluation of the jet injection technique (Hypospray) and
the hypodermic needle for the parenteral administration of drugs: a
controlled study. Am J Med Sci 1962;54:418-420.

\[Hypospray original with metapules\]

\~R {Kutscher1964a} Kutscher AH, Zegarelli EV, Cain EV, Portway TW,
Lucca JJ, Dejulia J, Khotim S, Feldman BA, Ragosta JM.. The jet
injection technique as a means of obtaining oral mucosal anesthesia
(Part II). J Oral Surg 1964;18:464-465.

\~R {Kutscher1964b} Kutscher AH, Zegarelli EV, Cain EV, Portway TW,
Block P, Brottman S.. Jet injection as a means of obtaining oral mucosal
anesthesia: a preliminary report. J Oral Surg 1964;22:310

{Kutscher1965} Kutscher AH, Zegarelli EV. An intraoral jet injection
technique: clinical impressions. . N Y J Dent. Jun-Jul 1965;35:219-222

\[Ped-O-Jet^®^ with adaptor tubing and tip for dental anesthesia\]

\~R {Kutscher1967} Kutscher A, Zegarelli E, Seldin L; Corwin R.
Dosage**-**deliverance reliability with a jet injection instrument.
Military Medicine March 1967;132:224-225.

{Labusquière1970} Labusquière R. Nouvelle stratégie dans la lutte contre
la tuberculose pulmonaire \[New strategy for the prevention of pulmonary
tuberculosis\]. Afrique Médecine 1970;10(86):31-40.

{Labusquière1971} Labusquière R, Dutertre J, Boisson P. Entretien des
Ped-O-Jets \[Maintenance of Ped-O-Jets\]. Afrique Médecine 1971;10:46.

{Labusquière1972} Labusquière R. Associations vaccinales et organisation
des campagnes de vaccination dans leur rapport avec la lutte
antituberculeuse \[Combined vaccines and organization of vaccination
campaigns and their relation to antituberculous prevention\]. Médecine
Tropicale (Marseilles) Jan**-**Feb 1972;32(1):55**-**70.

{Lachapelle1982a} Lachapelle J-M, Tennstedt D, Lauweryz R, Cromphaut P,
Armijo F. Release of nickel into fluids stored in the reservoir of
Dermo-Jets. Contact Dermatitis May 1982;8(3):122**-**127.

{Lachapelle1982b} Lachapelle J-M, Tennstedt D. An anatomo**-**clinical
study of delayed skin allergic reactions to nickel following intradermal
injections of lidocaine with a Dermo**-**jet. Contact Dermatitis May
1982;8(3):193**-**199.

{Lachapelle1982c} Lachapelle JM, Tennstedt D, Burtonboy G. Tatouages
permanents consécutifs a des injections par Dermo**-**Jet®: Étude
anatomo**-**clinique. A propos de cinq observations \[Permanent tattoos
following injections with Dermo**-**Jet®: anatomo-clinical study. About
5 cases\]. Ann Dermatol Venereol (France) 1982;109(11):939**-**946.

> \[tattoo adverse events from rubber component of device\]

{Lachapelle1985} Lachapelle JM, Tennstedt D. Le Mesoflash
expose**-**t**-**il aux mêmes effets secondaires indésirables que le
Dermo**-**jet? \[Does Mesoflash induce the same side effects as
Dermo**-**jet? (letter)\]. Ann Dermatol Venereol (France)
1985;112(6**-**7):547.

{Lahm2006} Lahm K, Lee G. Penetration of crystalline powder particles
into excised human skin membranes and model gels from a supersonic
powder injector. J Pharm Sci. 2006;95(7):1511-1526. \[DOI
10.1002/bdd.470\]

\[PowderJect\]

{Lambrianidis1980} Lambrianidis T, Rood JP, Sowray JH. Dental anesthesia
by jet injection. Br J Oral Surg 1980;17:227-231.

{Lamm1985} Lamm J, Niebyl P, Hood A. Histologic artifact due to Madajet
\[letter\]. Arch Dermatology 1985;121:835-836.

\[MadaJet\]

{Lamontagne2002} Control of risk transmission of hepatitis virus in a
murine model using the Med-Jet (MIT Inc.) injector. Research Report, 30
April 2002. Montreal: University Of Quebec, Department Of Biological
Sciences, Viro-Immunology Laboratory Animal Diseases; 2002:1-4.
Available from <http://www.wltdistributors.com/PDF/Hepatits.pdf>.

\[Med-Jet (MIT Canada)\]

{Lane1966} Lane KE. Clinical evaluation on plantar keratosis using the
Dermo**-**Jet. J Am Podiatry Assoc 1966 Aug;56(8):373**-**375.

{Larrick1949} Larrick LE, Thompson RG. The Hypospray and it relationship
to dermatology: preliminary report. J Invest Dermatol 1949;13:361-370.

\[Hypospray original\]

{Lawton1964} Lawton RL. Jet injection of drugs into malignant neoplasms.
Cancer Chemotherapy Rep 1964;37:57-58.

\[Sci. Eq. Mfg. Co. Press-O-Jet? Ped-O-Jet?\]

{Lebedinskii1979} Lebedinskii VA, Chicherin IuV, Evstigneev VI,
Paramonov VE, Timofeev VV. (Russian title pending) \[Assessment of the
effectiveness of different methods of immunization with live plague
vaccine EB in aerosol infections\] Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol
1979 Sep;(9):11-4 PMID: 115183).

\~R 2005Nov02 {Ledwith2000} Ledwith BJ, Manam S, Troilo PJ, Barnum AB,
Pauley CJ, Griffiths TG 2nd, Harper LB, Beare CM, Bagdon WJ, Nichols WW.
Plasmid DNA vaccines: investigation of integration into host cellular
DNA following intramuscular injection in mice. Intervirology.
2000;43(4-6):258-272.

> \[Biojector 2000\]

\~R 2006May01 {Lee2006} Lee JE, Choi HY, Lee JS, Oum BS. Posterior
segment injury developed after injection of anesthetics on eyelids with
needleless jet injection device. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Opthalmol. 22
April 2006;[epub in press]{.mark}

\[injector ??\]

{Lekie1971} Lekie R. La campagne d'éradication de la variole en
République du Zaire \[The smallpox eradication campaign in the Republic
of Zaire\]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. Sep**-**Oct
1971;64(5):761**-**75.

\~R {Lemarinier1971} Lemarinier G. Adénites post-vaccinales dues au BCG
administré par Ped-O-Jet. Rapport final de la 6ème Conférence Technique
de l'OCEAC \[Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte Contre les
Grandes Endémies en Afrique Centrale\], Yaoundé 10-13 March 1971, OCEAR
edit., pp. 528-534.

{Lemon1983} Lemon SM, Scott RM, Bancroft WH. Subcutaneous administration
of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine by automatic jet injection. J Med
Virol 1983;12:129-136.

\[Ped-O-Jet\]

{Lemon1984} Lemon SM, Miller RN, Pang LW, Prier RE, Bernard KW. Failure
to achieve predicted antibody responses with intradermal and
intramuscular human diploid cell rabies vaccine. Lancet 1984 May
19;1(8386):1098-100.

{Lenz1966} Lenz TR. Foreign body granuloma caused by jet injection of
tetanus toxoid. Rocky Mountain Med J 1966;63:48.

> \[Hypospray® presumed K series -- military use\]

{Lev1972} Lev MI, Sergeichik II, Kulikov IA. Sravnitel\'naia otsenka
bezygol\'nogo, shpritsevogo i skarifikatsionnogo metodov privivok
\[Comparative evaluation of the needleless, syringe and scarification
methods of vaccination\]. Voen Med Zh. Sep 1972;9:55-57 (PMID: 4660252).

\[BIP-4\]

{Lev1972e} \[[English translation of above article, with different name
spelling and different title translation:]{.smallcaps}\] Lev MI,
Sergeychik II, Kulikov IA. A comparison of needle-free, syringe and
scarification vaccinations. Originally published in: Voen Med Zh. Sep
1972;9:55-57.

> \[BIP-4\]

{Levina1988} Levina LA, Filippov IuV, Vartanian IuP, Ratiner IuA, Salov
VF. Polevoi opyt s meningokokkovoi zhidkoi polikomponentnoi vaktsinoi
ABC \[A field trial with the liquid multicomponent meningococcal vaccine
ABC\] Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol Nov 1988;(11):62-64 (PMID:
3146194).

{Levine2003} Levine M. Can needle-free administration of vaccines become
the norm in global immunization? Nature Medicine 2003;9:99-103.

{Lieske1990} Lieske CN, Lukey BJ, Hayward IT, Gepp RT, Meyer HG.
Intramuscular administration of atropine in the rat: jet spray versus
conventional needle injection. Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition
1990;11:207-213.

{Linder1979} Linder HG, Magnusson B. Testing of jet injectors; SP
Project 7841.20. Stockholm: Statens Provningsanstalt \[National Testing
Institute\], Department Stockholm, Laboratory for Mechanical Testing.
Report submitted 26 October 1979 to Ralph H. Henderson, WHO/EPI.

> \[Bench laboratory testing of Ped-O-Jet, Med-E-Jet, Hyjettor, and
> Hypospray multi-use-nozzle jet injector devices. Cited in WHO1980).

{Lindmayer1986} Lindmayer I, Menassa K, Lambert J, Moghrabi A, Legendre
L, Legault C, Letendre M, and Hallé J-P. Development of new jet injector
for insulin therapy. Diabetes Care May-June 1986;9(3): 294-297.

{Lindsay} Lindsay L, Chen RT. The safety of multi-dose jet injection as
a viable method of vaccine administration. (Draft manuscript).

{Lindsay1996} Lindsay L. *Assessing the Safety of Multidose Jet
Injectors for the Administration of Vaccines* (Report submitted in
partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Public Health). Atlanta:
Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1996.

{Lipson1958} Lipson MJ, Carver DH, Eleff MG, Hingson RA, Robbins FC.
Antibody response to poliomyelitis vaccine administered by jet
injection. Am J Public Health. 1958;48(5):599-603.

\[Press-O-Jet\]

{Livingston1995} Livingston JB, Lu S, Robinson HL, Anderson DJ. The
induction of mucosal immunity in the female genital tract using gene-gun
technology. Ann NY Acad Sci 1995 Nov 27;772:265-7.

\[Helios™ "gene gun"\]

{Lloyd1998} Lloyd JS, Aguado MT. Pre-filled monodose injection devices:
a safety standard for new vaccines, or a revolution in the delivery of
immunizations? Geneva: World Health Organization, Global Programme on
Vaccine and Immunization, document, May 1998;1-23.

> \[Available at:
> <http://www.who.int/vaccines-access/Restructuring/PDF_files/prefill.pdf>\]

{Lloyd2000} Lloyd J. Technologies for vaccine delivery in the 21^st^
century. Geneva: World Health Organization, Department of Vaccines and
Biologicals, 2000, document WHO/V&B/00.35, pp. 1-25.

> \[Available at:
> <http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DocsPDF00/www554.pdf>\]

{Logwin1996} Logwin S, Conget I., Jansa M., et al. Human insulin-induced
lipoatrophy: successful treatment using a jet-injection device. Diabetes
Care, March 1996;19(3):255-6.

{Loktev1980} Loktev NA, Pilipenko VG, Basilova GI, Shchedrin VI, Lunina
EA. Bezygol\'naia immunizatsiia assotsiirovannoi vaktsinoi protiv chumy,
tuliaremii i sibirskoi iazvy \[Jet immunization with polyvalent vaccine
against plague, tularemia, and anthrax\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol
Immunobiol. June 1980;(6):109-110 (PMID: 7445856).

\[BI-2, BI-3\]

{Luby1968} Luby JP, Kaiser RL, Herring LL, Dull HB. Jet injector
tuberculin skin testing: a comparative evaluation. Quantitative aspects.
Am Rev Respir Dis 1968;97:46-53.

{Lukin1997} Lukin EP, Evstigneev VI, Makhlai AA, Mikhailov VV, Pashanina
TP. Bezygol'nye in"ektsii i "shpritsevye" infektsii \[Needle-free
injections and "needle-transmitted" infections\].
Voenno**-**meditsinskii Zhurnal \[Military Medical Journal\] (Russia)
Mar 1997;318(3):48-52 (UI: 97257400, PMID: 9157697).

\[MUNJI safety\]

> \[*Lukin1997* tested transmissibility of virulent "Trinidad" strain of
> Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus in lab animals - guinea pigs,
> rabbits, and monkeys using stock and modified BI-19, BI-1M and BI-3
> jet injector models. Following a total of 534 injections into infected
> animals followed by 534 injections into a paired uninfected one, 15
> (2.8%) uninfected injection recipients became infected with VEE.
> Transmission did not occur at virus concentrations in donor rabbits of
> 4.5*Ig*DL~50~/mL and dose volumes of 0.1 to 0.2 mL, but did occur when
> dose volumes were [\>]{.underline}0.5 mL. At virus concentrations of
> 6.0*Ig*DL~50~/mL in the donor animal, transmission occured regardless
> of volume injected. Modification of the devices BI-19 and BI-1M with
> "rubber caps" and BI-3 injector with a changed angle of jet
> penetration resulted in no transmisson of infection, even with
> concentrations up to 7.0*Ig*DL~50~/mL and volumes up to 1.0 mL.\]

{Lundholm1999} Lundholm P; Asakura Y; Hinkula J; Lucht E; Wahren B.
Induction of mucosal IgA by a novel jet delivery technique for HIV**-**1
DNA. Vaccine 1999 Apr 9;17(15**-**16):2036**-**2042.

{Lundholm2002} Lundholm Peter, Leandersson A-Ca, Christensson Birger,
Bratt G, Sandström E, Wahren B. DNA mucosal HIV vaccine in humans. Virus
Research 2002;82:141-145.

> \[Syrijet Mark II\]

{Lysakowski2003} Lysakowski C, Dumont L, Tramer MR, Tassonyi E. A
needle-free jet-injection system with lidocaine for peripheral
intravenous cannula insertion: a randomized controlled trial with
cost-effectiveness analysis. Anesth Analg. Jan 2003;96(1):215-9.

\[J-Tip^®^\]

{Lysakowski2004} Lysakowski C. \[Reply to letter:\] Findings of study of
needle-free jet-injection system with lidocaine are contrary to
published reports. Anesth Analg. May 2004;98(5):1504-5.

\[J-Tip\]

{Machado1976} Machado M. L'épidemie de méningite cérebro-spinale au
Brésil. Medecine et Hygiene (Geneva, Switzerland). 1976;34:483-485.

> \[Ped-O-Jets used to vaccinate \~100 million against both mening A and
> C (9:1 ratio)\]

{Malone1986} Malone JI, Lowitt S, Grove NP, Shah SC. Comparison of
insulin levels after injection by jet stream and disposable insulin
syringe. Diabetes Care 1986;9:637-640.

> \[Medi-Jector\]

{Manam2000} Manam S, Ledwith BJ, Barnum AB, Troilo PJ, Pauley CJ, Harper
LB, Griffiths TG 2nd, Niu Z, Denisova L, Follmer TT, Pacchione. Plasmid
DNA vaccines: Tissue distribution and effects of DNA sequence adjuvants
and delivery method on integration into host DNA. Intervirology
2000;43:273--81.

> \[Biojector 2000\]

{Marennikova1972} Marennikova SS, Shelukhina EM, Fedorov VV, Chimishkian
KL, Shironin LI. Otsenka effektivnosti revaktsinatsii protiv ospy
bezygol\'nym metodom \[Evaluation of the effectiveness of revaccination
against smallpox by the jet injection method\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol
Immunobiol (Russia) Aug 1972;49(8):28**-**34.

{Margetis1958} Margetis PM, Quarantillo EP, Lindberg RB. Jet injection
of local anesthesia in dentistry: a report of 66 cases. U.S. Armed
Forces Med J. 1958;9:625-634.

{Marsallon1972} Marsallon, Magnin, Jego, Richer. Intradermo**-**réaction
tuberculinique et vaccination B.C.G. intradermique par injecteur à jet
sous pression \[Tuberculin intradermo**-**reaction and intradermal
B.C.G. vaccination by pressure jet injector\]. Rev Corps Santé Armées
Terre Mer Air (France) Feb 1972;13(1):57**-**61.

> {Marshall1999} Marshall JL, Hawkins MJ, Tsang KY, Richmond E, Pedicano
> JE, Zhu MZ, Schlom J. Phase I study in cancer patients of a
> replication-defective avipox recombinant vaccine that expresses human
> carcinoembryonic antigen. J Clin Oncol. Jan 1999;17(1):332-337.
>
> \[Biojector 2000\]
>
> {Marshall2000} Marshall JL, Hoyer RJ, Toomey MA, Faraguna K, Chang P,
> Richmond E, Pedicano JE, Gehan E, Peck RA, Arlen P, Tsang KY, Schlom
> J. Phase I study in advanced cancer patients of a diversified
> prime-and-boost vaccination protocol using recombinant vaccinia virus
> and recombinant nonreplicating avipox virus to elicit
> anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immune responses. Journal of Clinical
> Oncology 1 Dec 2000;18(23):3964-3973.
>
> \[Biojector 2000\]

{Marston1978} Marston JA, Pye RJ. BCG abscess a complication of jet
injection vaccination. Practitioner. April 1978, 220, 625-626

{Martin1998} Martin D. Sharpen your technique for needle-free injection.
Nursing. July 1998;28(7):52-3.

{Martin2006} Martin JE, Sullivan NJ, Enama ME, Gordon IJ, Roederer M,
Koup RA, Bailer RT, Chakrabarti BK, Bailey MA, Gomez PL, Andrews CA,
Moodie Z, Gu L, Stein JA, Nabel GJ Graham BS, theVRC 204 Study Team. A
DNA vaccine for Ebola virus is safe and immunogenic in a phase I
clinical trial. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. Nov
2006;13(11):1267-1277.

> \[Biojector^®^ 2000\]

{Martin-du-Pan1966} Martin Du Pan R. La vaccination contre la variole
par le «Dermo-Jet» \[Vaccination against smallpox by the "Dermo-Jet"\].
Infektionskrankheiten: IV. Internationaler Kongreß für
Infektionskrankheiten \[IV International Congress on Infectious
Diseases\], 26-30 April 1966, Munich, Germany. Eds: Mössner G, Thomssen
R. Stuttgart: F.K. Schattauer-Verlag GmbH, 1967, pp. 843-846.

\[Dermo-jet, smallpox vaccination\]

{Martins1979} Martins JK, Roedl EA. Medijector - A new method of
corticosteroid-anesthetic delivery. J Occup Med 1979;21(12):821-824.

\*ID {Masseyeff1967} Masseyeff R, Seck I, Rey M, Triau R. Études
radio**-**immuno**-**electrophoretiques de developpement des anticorps
seriques après vaccination antitetanique **-** Application au controle
d'une nouvelle methode de vaccination \[Radio**-**immunoelectrophoretic
study of the development of serum antibodies after antitetanus
vaccination. Use in the control of a new method of vaccination\].
Bulletin de la Société Médicale d'Afrique Noire de Langue Française
1967;12(2):240**-**247.

{Matheï1997} Matheï C, Van Damme P, Meheus A. Hepatitis B vaccine
administration: comparison between jet-gun and syringe and needle.
Vaccine. 1997;15(4):402-4.

\[Biojector\]

\~R 2005Jul14 {Mauz2005} Mauz PS. Stiegler M. Holderried M. Brosch S.
Complications of ultrasound guided percutaneous ethanol injection
therapy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Ultraschall in der
Medizin. April 2005;26(2):142-145.

{McBean1972} McBean AM, Agle AN, Compaore P, Foster SO, McCormack WM.
Comparison of intradermal and subcutaneous routes of cholera vaccine
administration. Lancet 1972 March 4;1(7749):527-9.

\[Ped-O-Jet^®^\]

{McConnell1975} McConnell S, Whitford HW. Jet injection in veterinary
medicine. Proc Annu Meet U S Anim Health Assoc 1975;(79):180**-**185.

{McIntosh1977} McIntosh K, Orr I, Andersen M, Arthur JH, Blakeman GJ.
Response of normal children to influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine
administered by jet injector. J Infect Dis 1977;136 Suppl:S584-7.

{McKenzie1978} McKenzie R, Shaffer WL. A safer method for paracervical
block in therapeutic abortions. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 1978;130:317-320.

\[Med-E-Jet, midified with photograph\]

{McKenzie1982} McKenzie R. New technology: clinical applications of jet
injection. New Zealand Med J 1982;95(720):815-817.

\[review\]

\~R {Mehregan1966} Mehregan AH, Pinkus H. Artifacts in dermal
histopathology. Arch Derm 1966;94:218-???.

{MedEJet1979} Med-E-Jet Corporation. Operations and Service Manual.
Cleveland, OH: Med-E-Jet Corporation, 1979:1-28 \[available at: 8092
Olmway Ave., Olmsted Falls, OH\].

\[Med-E-Jet\]

{Medi-JectorVision2004} Medi-Jector VISION® Needle-Free Insulin
Injection System Instruction Manual. Minneapolis, MN: Antares Pharma,
Inc. <http://www.medijector.com/docs/MJV_Instruction_Manual.pdf>

{Medunitsin1999} Medunitsin NV. \[Chapter 6.2: Needle-free injection
method of vaccination.\] In: Medunitsin NV, Vaktsinilogia
\[Vaccinology\]. Moscow: Triad-X, Success Publishing House, 1999;87-88
(ISBN 5-8949-0008-6).

> \[Method new since 1950s. Used for mass immunization in general
> population and military. Advantages: increased capacity, decreased
> risk of bloodborne disease transmission, decreased pain.
> Disadvantages: increased reaction to adsorbed vaccines due to alum
> remaining in upper layers of skin. Different types of injectors
> available with capacities up to 1,000 - 1,500 injections per hour.
> Most widely used jet injector in Russia is the BI-3M model with
> "anti-infection protector" PPN-2, delivering 0.5 cm^3^ volume.\]

\~R {Melemuka1973} Melemukha IV, Gigauri VS, Smoliarov BV, Sarkisian RS.
Mediko**-**tekhnicheskie osobennosti vvedeniia lekarstvennykh preparatov
struinym sposobom v steku trakhei i bronkhov \[Medical and technical
characteristics of administering drugs via jet into the tracheal and
bronchial walls\]. Med Tekh (Russia) 1973 May**-**Jun;3:42**-**44.

\~R {Melemuka1974} Melemuka IV, Gigauri VS, Smolyarov BV, Sarkisyan RS.
Biomedical engineering characteristics of the injection of drug
preparations by the jet method into the wall of the trachea and bronchi.
Biomed Eng (New York) 1974 Mar;7(3):172**-**174.

{Mendosa1998} Mendosa, R. The Jet Injector Paradox. Diabetes Wellness
Letter February 1998;:1-3 \[<http://www.mendosa.com/injector.htm>\].

{Mérieux1967} Mérieux C. Single shot primovaccination against tetanus by
needleless injectors. In: Echmann L. (ed.), *Principles on Tetanus.
Proceedings, International Conference on Tetanus, 15-19 July 1966. Bern,
Switzerland*. Bern: Verlag Hans Huber, 1967;423-436.

> \[Dermo-Jet, Ped-O-Jet, intradermal admin.\]

{Meyer1964b} Meyer HM, Hostetler DD, Bernheim BC, Rogers NG, Lambin P,
Chassary A, Labusquière R, Smadel JE. Response of Volta children to jet
inoculation of combined live measles, smallpox and yellow fever
vaccines. Bull World Health Organ 1964, 30, 783-794.

> \[Ped-O-Jet^®^ nozzles fitted with stiff plastic tubing as spacer to
> create sleeve extending 4mm beyond orifice to reduce contact (create
> gap) between orifice and skin to deposit some of dose intradermally;
> (Ref 4 to simultaneous article Meyer1964a starting p. 769 is to
> needle-syringe study)\]

{Meyer1965a} Meyer HM, Bernheim BC, Rogers NG. Titration of live measles
and smallpox vaccines by jet inoculation of susceptible children.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
January-April 1965;118:53-57.

> \[Ped-O-Jet^®^ nozzles fitted with stiff plastic tubing as spacer to
> create sleeve extending 4mm beyond orifice to reduce contact (create
> gap) between orifice and skin to deposit some of dose intradermally\]

{Meyer1965b} [Meyer HM
Jr.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14322870&query_hl=1)
Mass vaccination against measles in Upper Volta. Arch Gesamte
Virusforsch. 1965;16:243-5.

\~R 2005Jul28 {Meyer1965c} [Meyer HM
Jr.](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14322897&query_hl=1)
Field experience with combined live measles, smallpox and yellow fever
vaccines. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1965;16:365-366.

{Middaugh1979} Middaugh JP. Side effects of diphtheria-tetanus toxoid in
adults. Am J Public Health March 1979;69(3):246-249.

{Miglets1974} Miglets AW, Kelly DR, Gebhart DE. An attachment for the
Dermo**-**jet suitable for use through a laryngoscope. Trans Am Acad
Ophthalmol Otolaryngol Jul**-**Aug 1974;78(4):ORL283**-**ORL284.

{Mihailescu1978} Mihailescu R, Strati I, Chirescu N, Cuteanu I, Raducanu
S, Popescu-Pretor I. Determinarea eficientei de pindere a vaccinului
antivariolic lifilizat în functie de tehnica de vaccinare
\[Determination of the efficiency of the lyophilized smallpox vaccine in
terms of the vaccination technique (double scarification, multipuncture,
jet injection)\]. Bacteriol. Virusol. Parazitol. Epidemiol. (Romania)
1978;23:79-??.

{Mihailescu1989} Mihailescu R, Dimache G, Velea V, Stoean C, Croitoru M,
Durbaca S, Chirescu N. La capacité immunogène de l\'antigène soluble
«vaccinia» (vaccin fractionné antivariolique) administré simultanément
avec le vaccin typhoïdique inactivé et avec l\'anatoxine tétanique
purifiée et concentrée \[The immunogenic capacity of soluble
\"vaccinia\" antigen (fractionated smallpox vaccine) administered
simultaneously with inactivated typhoid vaccine and with purified and
concentrated tetanus anatoxin\]. Arch Roum Pathol Exp Microbiol
(Romania) Apr**-**Jun 1989;48(2):151**-**156.

> \[Dermo-jet\]

\~R {Milonov1976} Milonov OB; Gigauri VS; Knyazeva GD; Mlynchik VE;
Gotie SV; Kocharyan EZ; Babur AA. Primenenie kleia MK**-**6 i
bez\'igol\'nogo sposoba vvedeniia veshchestv v khirurgii pecheni \[Use
of MK**-**6 glue and jet method of its administration in liver
surgery\]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) (Russia) Jan 1976;(1):24**-**29.

{Millar1964} Millar JD, Roberto RR. Vacunación intradérmica contra la
viruela por inyección a presión \[Intradermal smallpox vaccination by
jet injection\]. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam Dec 1964;57:537-547.

\[Ped-O-Jet^®^ with intradermal nozzle\]

{Millar1965} Millar JD, Roberto RR. Vacunación antivariólica por
inyección a presión \[Smallpox vaccination by jet injection\]. El
Hospital (América Clínica) 1965;45:14.

{Millar1969a} Millar JD, Foege WH. Status of smallpox eradication (and
measles control) in West and Central Africa. J Infect Dis
1969;120:725-732.

> \[Reports 91.9 million doses of smallpox vaccine delivered ID by jet
> injector through August 1969, plus 15 million measles doses SC.\]

{Millar1969b} Millar JD, Roberto RR, Wulff H, Wenner HA, and Henderson
DA. Smallpox vaccination by intradermal jet injection. Introduction,
background and results of pilot studies. Bull World Health Organ
1969;41:749-760.

{Millar1971} Millar JD, Morris L, Macedo-Filho A, Mack TM, Dyal W,
Medeiros AA. The introduction of jet injection mass vaccination into the
national smallpox eradication program of Brazil. Tropical and
Geographical Medicine 1971;23:89-101.

{Mitragotri2005} Mitragotri S. Immunization without needles. Nature
Reviews Immunology. 2005;5:905-916.

{Mitragotri2006} Mitragotri S. Current status and future prospects of
needle-free liquid jet injectors. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.
2006;5:543-548.

{Mironov1979} Mironov AI, Kozhemiaka NV. Poluavtomaticheskii in\'\'ektor
IP**-**1 \[Semi**-**automatic injector IP**-**1\]. Veterinariia 1979
Sep;(9):38**-**9.

{Moffat1970} Moffat M, Cook R. Report on the Ankole BCG DermoJet trial
(mimeo). Kampala, Uganda: Department of Paediatrics, PO Box 7072,
Kampala, Uganda, 1970 (cited in Stanfield1972)

{Mohammed1981} Mohammed I, Zaruba K. Control of epidemic meningococcal
meningitis by mass vaccination. Lancet 11 July 1981;2(8237):80-83.

> \[Ped-O-Jet^®^\]

{Mohammed1984} Mohammed I, Obineche EN, Onyemelukwe GC, Zaruba K.
Control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis by mass vaccination. I.
Further epidemiological evaluation of groups A and C vaccines in
northern Nigeria. J Infect 1984;9(2):190-196.

{Monoski2006} Monoski MA, Li PS, Baum N, Goldstein M. No-scalpel,
no-needle vasectomy. Urology. 2006;68(1):9-14.

> \[MadaJet^®^\]

{Monroe1992} Monroe CD, Thomas K, Sands J. Evaluation of the Biojector®
Injection Management System (Needle**-**Free Drug Delivery) For
Healthcare Worker Acceptance and Patient Tolerance. 1992 Frontline
Healthcare Workers: A National Conference on Prevention of
Device-mediated Bloodborne Infections. Poster abstract \[no.???\].

{Morse1967} Morse DC, Hall A, Kaluzny A, Runde RH. Comparative
tuberculin testing. Intradermal gun versus intradermal needle. Amer Rev
Resp Dis 1967;96:107-110.

> \[photo of nozzles of HypoSpray K series ID and Ped-O-Jet ID nozzles\]

{Mossman2003} Mossman SP, Evans LS, Johnson M, Baizer L, Grabstein KM,
Lewinsohn DM. Microsphere encapsulation or Biojector delivery enhances
adjuvanted DNA vaccines in Rhesus macaques. Modern Vaccines, Adjuvants,
& Delivery Systems, MVADS 2003, 4-6 June 2003, Dublin, Ireland
(abstract) (Meetings Management, Ltd).

> \[Biojector 2000 ID and IM\]

{Mott1973} Mott MG, Stevenson PA. The use of the Syrijet to attain local
anaesthesia in children with acute leukaemia. Br J Clin Pract
1973;27(11):415-416.

{Mott1974} Mott MG, Stevenson PA. Jet anesthesia for minor procedures in
childhood leukemia. Clin Pediatr (Phila.) 1974;13(12):1024-1026.

{Moynahan1965} Moynahan EJ, Bowyer A. Development of jet injection and
its application to intralesional therapy in dermatology. Brit Med J
1965;5477:1541-1543.

> \[Porton jet injector\]

{Mumford1976a} Mumford DM, Jackson PL. Jet injection anesthesia for
tissue culturing of biopsies of the skin. Surg Gynecol Obstet.
1976;143(6):975-976.

{Mumford1976b} Mumford DM, Jackson PL. The successful use of jet
anesthetic injections with childhood lacerations. Clin Pediatr (Phila.)
1976;15(10):872-4.

{Mumper2003} Mumper RJ, Cui Z. Genetic immunization by jet injection of
targeted pDNA-coated nanoparticles. \[review\]. Methods Nov
2003;1(3):255-262.

\[Biojector\]

{Munshi2000} Munshi AK, Hegde A, Bashir N. Clinical evaluation of the
efficacy of anesthesia and patient preference using the needle-less jet
syringe in a pediatric dental practice. J Clin Pediatr Dent.
2001;25:131-136.

> \[MadaJet\]

{Nathan1986} Nathan CF. Local and systemic effects of intradermal
recombinant interferon-gamma in patients with lepromatous leprosy. N Eng
J Med. July 1986;315(1):6-15.

> \[MadaJet intradermal\]

{Naumann1998} Naumann M, Bergmann I, Mofmann U, Hamm H, Reiners K.
Botulinum toxin for focal hyperhidrosis: Technical considerations and
improvements in application. Br J Dermatology 1998;139:1123-124.

\[Dermojet\]

{Neff1969} Neff JM, Millar JD, Roberto RR, Wulff H. Smallpox vaccination
by intradermal jet injection. Part III - Evaluation in a well-vaccinated
population. Bull World Health Organ. 1969;41:771-778.

{NeufeldPD1977} Neufeld PD, Katz L. Comparative evaluation of three jet
injectors for mass immunization. Can J Public Health November/December
1977;68:513-516.

\[Ped-O-Jet, Med-E-Jet, Medi-Jector\]

{NeufeldND1997} Neufeld ND. Precision of low-dose insulin administrtion
using the jet-injector. unpublished clinical study, 1997. Document
distributed by Activa® Brand Products, 36 4^th^ Street, Charlottetown,
PE, Canada.

{Neumann1973} Neumann G. Tuberkulinproben bei Erwachsenen. Vergleich von
Jet**-**Injektion (Hypospray) und Stempeltest (Tubergen) \[Tuberculin
tests in adults. Comparison between jet**-**injection (Hypospray) and
tine technic (Tubergen)\]. Prax Pneumol (Germany) Jun
1973;27(6):337**-**346.

\[Hypospray, which one?\]

{Nicolau2005} Nicolau G, Feighner JP, Stout R, Hlavka J, Gutierrez M,
Ciric S, Freed J. Comparison of systemic exposure to nemifitide
following two methods of subcutaneous administration to healthy
volunteers. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2005;26(9):379-385.

\[Biojector\]

{Nikiforov1974} Nikiforov VN, Shcherbak IuF, Gigauri VS, Koroteev AV,
Kushnareva TO. Bezygol\'nyi sposob provedeniia novokainovoi blokady pri
radikulitakh u bol\'nykh khronicheskim brutsellezom \[Needleless method
of administering a novocaine block in radicultis in chronic brucellosis
patients\]. Sov Med 1974;0(4):148.

{NLM2002} National Library of Medicine. Smallpox: A Great and Terrible
Scourge \[website\], Campaign to Eradicate \[subpage\]. Bethesda, MD:
Department of Health and Human Services, National Library of Medicine.
URL address:
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/smallpox/sp_eradicate.html> (last
accessed 2005Oct12).

\~R 2005Oct12 {Noble1975} Noble GR, Corey L, Hoke CH Jr, Rosenberg RL,
Brown WJ Jr, Kaye HS, Bregman, DJ, Gregg MB, Dowdle WR. An open field
trial of live attenuated influenza A/England/42/72 vaccine. 1975. Am J
Epid. 102:466-467.

> \[Intranasal instillation and Ped-O-Jet injections for all subjects,
> randomly receiving vaccine in one vs. placebo in the other\]

{Oberye2000} Oberye J, Mannaerts B, Huisman J, Timmer C. Local
tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and dynamics of ganirelix (Orgalutran)
administration by Medi**-**Jector compared to conventional needle
injections. Hum Reprod Feb 2000;15(2):245**-**249.

\~R 2005Apr22 {O'Hagan2004} O\'Hagan DT, Rappuoli R. Novel approaches to
vaccine delivery. Pharmaceutical Research Sept 2004;21(9):1519-30.

{O\'Neill2002} O\'Neill E, Martinez I, Villinger F, Rivera M, Gascot S,
Colon C, Arana T, Sidhu M, Stout R, Montefiori DC, Martinez M, Ansari
AA, Israel ZR, Kraiselburd E. Protection by SIV VLP DNA prime/protein
boost following mucosal SIV challenge is markedly enhanced by
IL-12/GM-CSF co-administration. J Med Primatol. 31 Aug
2002;31(4-5):217-27.

> \[Biojector IM and ID\]

\~R ?? **\*ID**?? {Panja1947} Panja G, Das N. Immunity after intradermal
inoculation of cholera vaccine. Indian J Med Res 1947;85:3-6.

> **\[**ARTICLE NOT YET CONFIRMED AS "NEEDLE-FREE"\]

{ParentduChâtelet1997} Parent du Châtelet I, Lang J, Schlumberger M,
Vidor E, Soula G, Genet A, Standaert SM, Saliou P, Imule Investigators
Group. Clinical immunogenicity and tolerance studies of liquid vaccines
delivered by jet-injector and a new single-use cartridge (Imule®):
comparison with standard syringe injection. Vaccine 1997;15(4):449-458.

\[Mini-imojet\]

\~R {Parish1967} Parish LC, Witrowski JA. The enigma of acne therapy:
the acne abscess. Am J Med Sci December 1967;254(6):769**-**776.

{Parker1984} Parker V. Jet Gun or Syringe? A trial of alternative
methods of BCG vaccination. Public Health London 1984;98(6):315-320.

\[Pan-Jet, Panjet\]

{Partsch1997} Partsch C-J, von Büren E, Kühn B, Sippell WG, Brinkmann G.
Visualization of injection depot after subcutaneous administration by
syringe and needle-free device (Medi-Jector): first results with
magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Pediatr 1997;156:893-898.

{Paul1978} Paul SS, Nath KR, Chhabra AK, and Verma M. Comparison of BCG
inoculation by conventional intradermal and jet methods. Indian
Pediatrics April 1978;15(4):341-347.

{Payler1974} Payler DK, Skirrow, MB. Intradermal influenza vaccination.
British Med Journal 1974;2:727.

\[Porton jet injector\]

{Ped-O-Jet-International1991} Ped-O-Jet International. Instructions for
the operation and maintenance of the Hypodermic Jet Injection Apparatus,
Ped-O-Jet® (foot operated) \[Model POJ, NSN 6515-00-910-0097, rev. date
070191\]. Cherry Hill, NJ 08002, USA: Ped-O-Jet International, 616
Hollywood Avenue, pp. 1-0 - 6-5.

{Pehling1984} Pehling GB, Gerich JE. Comparison of plasma insulin
profiles after subcutaneous administration of insulin by jet spray and
conventional needle injection in patients with insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus. Mayo Clin Proc 1984;59:751-754.

{Pepall1981} Pepall L. A report on research and conclusions on the
Medejet local analgesia gun, carried out at the Victoria Clinic,
Romford. Chiropody Review (UK) Nov-Dec 1981;38(6).

\[Med-E-Jet\]

{Perel\'man1976} Perel\'man MI, Gigauri VS, Kniazeva GD, Safarov I.
Kleevoi sposob germetizatsii legkogo s pomoshchiu bezygol\'nogo
in\"ektora \[Adhesive technic of lung closure with aid of a jet
injector\]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 1976 Oct;(10):116**-**119.

{Perkin1950} Perkin FS. Jet injection of insulin in treatment of
diabetes mellitus. Proc Amer Diabetes Assoc June 1950;10:185-199.

> \[Hypospray, photo\]

{Perricone2000} Perricone M. Drug delivery technologies for gene-based
cancer vaccines. SRI 5^th^ International Drug Delivery Technologies
Conference, Princeton, NJ, July 26-28, 2000 (Genzyme, Inc.)

> \[adenovirus via Biojector ID spacer in guinea pig model\]

{Perriello1985} Perriello G, De Feo P, Ventura MM, De Cosmo S, Lolli C,
Pippi R. Jet insulin improves postprandial glycemic control in IDDM.
American Diabetes Association 45th Annual Meeting, Baltimore, 16-18 June
1985, Diabetes 1985;34(Suppl1a):116a(abstract no. 459).

{Perriello1986} Perriello G, De Feo P, Ventura MM, Calcinaro F,
Dell'Olio A, Lolli C, Pietropaolo M, Santeusanio F, Bolli GB, Brunetti
P. Pharmacokinetics and action of insulin administered by a jet injector
in type I diabetes mellitus. Second Assisi International Symposium on
Advanced Models for the Therapy of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes 20-23
April 1986;97-103.

{Perry1977a} Perry HT, Cohn BT, Nauheim JS. Accidental intraocular
injection with Dermojet syringe \[letter\]. Arch Dermatol Aug
1977;113(8):1131.

{Perry1977b} Perry HD, Nauheim JS, Cameron CD. Intravitreal injections
by a Dermojet syringe. Ann Ophthalmol Jun 1977;9(6):737**-**740.

\~R {Pertmer1995} Pertmer TM, Eisenbraun MD, McCabe D, Prayaga SK,
Fuller DH, Haynes JR. Gene gun-based nucleic acid immunizations:
elicitation of humoral and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes responses following
epidermal delivery of nanaogram quantities of DNA. Vaccine
1995;13:1427-30.

> \[Helios™ precursor\]

{Peter2002} Peter DJ, Scott JP, Watkins HC, Frasure HE. Subcutaneous
lidocaine delivered by jet-injector for pain control before IV
catheterization in the ED: the patients\' perception and preference. Am
J Emerg Med. Oct 2002;20(6):562-566.

{Petersen1977} Petersen NJ, Bond WW, Carson LA (Special Investigations
Section, Hepatitis Laboratories Division). Informal quarterly report of
October-December 1977 \[memorandum\]. Pheonix, Arizona: Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for
Disease Control; 1977:1-3.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{Petrovskii1975} Petrovskii BV; Gigauri VS. Primenenie bez\'igol\'nykh
in\'ektorov v meditsinskoi praktike \[Use of jet injectors in medical
practice\]. Klin Med (Moscow Russia) 1975 Jun;53(6):11**-**15.

{Phero1998} Phero JC. Subcutaneous administration of midazolam: a
comparison of the Bioject jet injector with the conventional syringe and
needle \[discussion\]. J Oral Maxillfac Surg 1998;56:1254.

{PhilippinesCholeraCommittee1973} Philippines Cholera Committee. A
controlled field trial on the effectiveness of the intradermal and
subcutaneous administration of cholera vaccine in the Philippines. Bull
World Health Organization 1973;49(4):389-94.

{Pietschmann1964} Pietschmann H. Erfahrunden mit dem "Hypospray Jet
Injector" in der lokalen Prednisolon-Therapie rheumatischer
Erkrankungen. Wiener Zeitschrift füe innere Medizin und ihre
Grenzgebiete (Austria) 1964;45:348-352.

{Pilipenko1974} Pilipenko VG, Miroshnichenko MA, Loktev NA.
Immunizatsiia assotsiirovannymi di- i trivaktsinami protiv chumy,
tuliaremii i sibirskoi iazvy pri pomoshchi bezygol\'nogo in\'ektora.
Soobschenie I \[Russian: Plague, tularemia and anthrax immunization with
associated di- and trivaccines using a jet injector. I\]. Zh Mikrobiol
Epidemiol Immunobiol. May 1974;(5):59-64 (PMID: 4218042).

{Pluciennik1985} Pluciennik AM, de Rizzo E, Higashi HG, Konishi CK,
Freitas ES, Veneziani P, Takabayashi Y, Esteves da Silveira EE. Reações
locais e níveis de antitoxina circulante decorrentes de administração do
toxóide tetânico. Estudo comparativo entre Ped**-**o**-**Jet e seringa
hipodérmica \[Local reactions and antitoxin circulating levels induced
by the administration of tetanus toxoid. Comparative study between
Ped**-**O**-**Jet and hypodermic syringe\]. Rev Saúde Pública (Brasil)
Jun 1985;19(3):201**-**214.

{Poland1997} Poland GA, Borrud A, Jacobson RM, McDermott K, Wollan PC,
Brakke D, Charboneau JW. Determination of deltoid fat pad thickness.
Implications for needle length in adult immunization. JAMA
1997;277:1709-1711.

{Polillio1997} Polillio AM, Kiley J. Does a needleless injection system
reduce anxiety in children receiving intramuscular injections? Pediatric
Nursing Jan-Feb 1997;23(1):46-9.

{Pollack1971} Pollack BF, Crasson W, Milling L. A comparison of dental
jet injection syringes. N Y State Dent J 1971;37(10):618-21.

{Preston1951} Preston RH, Goldman L, Thompson RG. Use of the Hypospray®
in dermatology. AMA Archives of Dermatology 1951;64:327-339.

{Price1989} Price JP, Kruger DF, Saravolatz LD, Whitehouse FW.
Evaluation of the insulin jet injector as a potential source of
infection. Am J Infect Control October 1989;17(5):258-263.

{Proksch1986} Proksch E. Pigmentierungen nach Benutzung eines
Dermo**-**Jet**-**Druckinjektors \[Pigmentation following the use of a
Dermo**-**Jet pressure injector\]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr (Germany) 25
April 1986;111(17):682.

> {Provotorov1990a} Provotorov VM, Chesnokov PE, Dunaev SM. Lechenie
> bol\'nykh ostrymi abstsessami legkikh intrapul\'monal\'nymi in
> \'ektsiiami antibiotikov i endobronkhial\'nym vvedeniem autologichnykh
> makrofagov \[Treatment of patients with acute lung abscesses by
> intrapulmonary injections of antibiotics and endobronchial
> administration of autologous macrophages\]. Klinicheskaia meditsina
> (Klin Med, Moscow). Feb 1990;68(2):88-91.
>
> {Provotorov1990b} Provotorov VM, Kuznetsov SI. Lechenie bol\'nykh
> bronkhial\'noi astmoi intrapul\'monal\'nymi in\'\'ektsiiami metipreda
> i finoptina s pomoshch\'iu igol\'no-struinogo in\'\'ektora \[The
> treatment of bronchial asthma patients with intrapulmonary injections
> of metipred and finoptin using a needle jet injector\]. Vrachebnoe
> delo (Russia). 1990 Mar;(3):34-5.
>
> {Provotorov1990c} Provotorov VM, Semenkova GG. Korrektsiia disbalansa
> proteinazy-ingibitory vnutrilegochnym vvedeniem kontrikala pri
> lechenii bol\'nykh khronicheskimi nespetsi- ficheskimi zabolevaniiami
> legkikh \[Correction of protease-protease inhibitor imbalance by
> intrapulmonary administration of contrical in the treatment of
> patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases\]. Problemy
> tuberkuleza (Probl Tuberk, Russia) 1990;(7):52-4.
>
> {Provotorov1991} Provotorov VM, Perel\'man MI, Strel\'tsov VP, Khanin
> IA, Semenov GI. Lechenie zabolevanii legkikh vnutrilegochnym
> ugol\'no-struinym vvedeniem lekarstvennykh veshchestv \[Treatment of
> lung diseases by intrapulmonary jet injection of drugs\].
> Klinicheskaia meditsina (Klin Med, Moscow). Apr 1991;69(4):48-51.

{Puissegur1963a} Puissegur JA. Inyecciones sin aguja (intradérmicas yu
transcutáneas). Revista de la Sanidad Militar Argentina April-June
1963;62:136-140.

{Puissegur1963b} Puissegur JA. Inyecciones sin aguja (intradérmicas yu
transcutáneas). Gaceta Veterinaria (Argentina) August 1963;25:366-370.

{Puissegur1965} Puissegur JA. El \"dermo**-**jet\" inyector a presion
sin aguja. Ensayos exitosos de eficacía y practicidad \[The
\"Dermo**-**Jet\" pressure injector without a needle. Successful tests
of efficiency and practicality\]. Revista de la Sanidad Militar
Argentina Jul**-**Dec 1965;64(3):182**-**193.

> \[cites various human diagnostic and immunizing uses - diphtheria
> toxin Schick test, streptococcus toxin Dick test, epidemic typhus,
> plague, typhoid, paratyphoid; provides veterinary study data with
> arecoline antihelminthic in dogs.\]

{Queralt1995} Queralt CB, Comet V Jr, Cruz JM, Val**-**Carreres C. Local
anesthesia by jet**-**injection device in minor dermatologic surgery.
Dermatol Surg 1995 Jul;21(7):649**-**651.

{Rankin1966} Rankin TJ, Good AE. Corticosteroid injection of small
joints by Hypospray. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1966;9(4):611-619.

{Rao2006} Rao SS, Gomez P, Mascola JR, Dang V, Krivulka GR, Yu F, Lord
CI, Shen L, Bailer R, Nabel GJ, Letvin NL. Comparative evaluation of
three different intramuscular delivery methods for DNA immunization in a
nonhuman primate animal model. Vaccine. 2006;24(3):367-373.

\[Biojector, Mini-Ject\]

{Raviprakash2003} Raviprakash K, Ewing D, Simmons M, Porter KR, Jones
TR, Hayes CG, Stout R, Murphy GS. Needle-free Biojector injection of a
dengue virus type 1 DNA vaccine with human immunostimulatory sequences
and the GM-CSF gene increases immunogenicity and protection from virus
challenge in *Aotus* monkeys. [Virology
2003;315(2):](http://microvet.arizona.edu/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=7165&_auth=y&_acct=C000005238&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=56761&md5=13bffa70ac44d239a1c4b9a4cf84a77e)345-352.

\~R {Rayman1989} Rayman G, Walker R, Day JO. Patient experience with a
jet injector. Diabetic Medicine 1989;6:274-276.

> \[Vitajet\]

{Ready1983} Ready LB, Kozody R, Barsa JE, Murphy TM. Trigger point
injections vs. jet injection in the treatment of myofascial pain. Pain
1983 Feb.;15(2):201-206.

\~R 2007May17 {Rees1937} Rees CE. Penetration of tissue by fuel oil
under high pressure from diesel engine. JAMA. 1937;109:866-867.

{Reimer1994} Reimer S. Anestesi med jetinjeksjon. Bruk av
Medi**-**Jector EZ dermojet til anestesi ved smakirurgi \[Anesthesia
with jet injection. Use of Medi**-**Jector EZ dermojet for anesthesia in
minor surgery\]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen (Norway) 1994 May
30;114(14):1627**-**1629.

{Reis1998} Reis EC, Jacobson RM, Tarbell S, Weniger BG. Taking the sting
out of shots: control of vaccination-associated pain and adverse
reactions. Pediatric Annals 1998;27:375-385.

{Ren2002} Ren S, Li M, Smith JM, DeTolla LJ, Furth PA. Low-volume jet
injection for intradermal immunization in rabbits. BMC Biotechnology. 23
May 2002;2(1):10 \[<http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/2/10>\].

> \[EMS/MPM jet injector; Helios "gene gun"\]

{Resman1985} Resman Z, Metelko Z, Skrabalo Z. The application of insulin
using the jet injector DG-77. Acta Diabetol Lat 1985;22(2):119-125.

\[SICIM DG-77\]

{Rey1965a} Rey M, Baylet R, Cantrelle P, Dauchy S, Diop Mar I, Guerin M.
Vaccination contre la rougeole en mileu rural sénégalais par un vaccin
vivant suratténué (Schwarz) au moyen d'un injecteur sans aiguille
(Dermojet). Possibilités d'association avec le vaccine \[Vaccination
against measles in a rural Senegalese environment with overattenuated
live vaccine (Schwarz) by means of an injector without a needle
(Dermojet). Possibilities of interaction with vaccine\]. Bull Société
Médicale d'Afrique Noire de Langue Française. 1965;10(3):392-406.

{Rey1965b} Rey M, Baylet R, Cantrelle P, Dauchy S, Diop Mar I, Guerin M.
La vaccination contre la rougeole par vaccins vivants. Deux experiences
en Afrique tropicale (Senegal). \[Vaccination against measles by live
vaccines. Two experiences in tropical Africa (Senegal)\]. Presse Med
1965;73(48):2729-2734.

{Rey1967} Rey M, Triau R. Essais de primo**-**vaccination antitétanique
en un temps avec une anatoxine concentrée inoculée par injecteurs sans
aiguille (Note preliminaire) \[Trial of a single antitetanus primary
vaccination with a concentrated antitoxin inoculated without needle
injectors (preliminary note)\] Bulletin de la Société Médicale d'Afrique
Noire de Langue Française. 1967;12(2):230-239.

> \[Dermo-Jet^®^, Ped-O-Jet^®^\]

{Rey1968} Rey M, Cantrelle P, Lafaix C, Diop Mar I, Sow A, Agboton Y.
Enseignements d\'une campagne expérimentale de vaccination contre la
rougeole en milieu urbain. \[Lessons of an experimental campaign of
vacination against measles in the urban environment\] Bulletin Société
Médicale d'Afrique Noire de Langue Française. 1968;13(2):291-310.

{Rey1972} Rey M, Triau R, Diop Mar I, Codija N, Sow A. Single shot
tetanus immunization and its application to mass campaign. In: 3^rd^
International Conference on Tetanus, São Paulo, Brazil, 17-22 August
1970; Scientific Publication No. 253. Washington, DC: Pan American
Health Organization; 1972;94-101.

\[Ped-O-Jet®, Dermo-Jet®\]

{Rey1973} Rey M, Diop Mar I, Gbezo P, Sow A. Vaccination de masse
antitétanique en Afrique \[Mass antitetanus vaccination in Africa\]. La
Nouvelle Presse médicale (France). 24 Feb 1973;2(8):514.

> \[Ped-O-Jet®\]

{Rey1989} Rey JL, Soubiran G, Fayet MT, Triau R. Évaluation sérologique
d\'une campagne de vaccination antiméningococcique de masse au Niger.
\[Serological evaluation of an antimeningococcal mass vaccination
campaign in Niger\]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales (France)
1989;82(2):248-254.

> \[Imo-Jet (Mérieux)\]

{Robbins2001} Robbins Instruments. The Dermo-Jet \[instructions for
use\]. Chatham, New Jersey, USA : Robbins Instruments, Inc. 2001, p. 1.
\[downloaded 2005-Aug-10 from URL
<http://www.robbinsinstruments.com/dermo-jet/downloads/dj_instructions.pdf>\]

{Roberto1969} Roberto RR, Wulff H, Millar JD. Smallpox vaccination by
intradermal jet injection. C. Cutaneous and serological responses to
primary vaccination in children. Bull World Health Organ.
1969;41:761-769.

\~R 2005Apr22 {Roberts1973} Roberts TE. \[Title?????\]. British Medical
Journal 1973;4:738-###.

{Roberts2005} Roberts LK, Barr LJ, Fuller DH, McMahon CW, Leese PT,
Jones S. Clinical safety and efficacy of a powdered hepatitis B nucleic
acid vaccine delivered to the epidermis by a commercial prototype
device. Vaccine 2005;23:4867-4878.

\[PowderJect™\]

{Robertson1987} Robertson JS. Jet injectors and infection. Public Health
May 1987;101(3):147-149.

{Robertson2000} Robertson KE; Glazer NB; Campbell RK. The latest
developments in insulin injection devices. Diabetes Educ Jan**-**Feb
2000;26(1):135**-**8, 141**-**146, 149**-**152.

{Rodrigues1975} Rodrigues BA. Smallpox eradication in the Americas. Bull
Pan Amer Health Organiz 1975;9:53-68.

> {Rogers2001} Rogers WO, et al. Multistage multiantigen heterologous
> prime boost vaccine for Plasmodium knowlesi malaria provides partial
> protection in rhesus macaques. Infection and Immunity Sep
> 2001;69(9):5565-72.

{Rosenthal1967} Rosenthal SR. Transference of blood by various
inoculation devices. Am Rev Respir Dis. October 1967;96(4):815-819.

> \[Author studied a program of tuberculin skin testing among school
> children who received intradermal 0.1 mL doses by either the
> Hypospray^®^ K-3 jet injector or needle-syringes in which the needle
> \-- but not the syringe \-- were changed between patients. Using the
> benzidine method, blood capable of contaminating the next patients was
> detected from both within the syringes (1.2%) and on the injector
> nozzle (17%).\]

{Rossier1968} Rossier E, Heiz R. Essai clinique d\'un vaccin mixte
contre la diphterie le tetanos et la coqueluche, administre par voie
intradermique au moyen du \"Dermo**-**Jet\" \[Clinical trial of a mixed
vaccine against diphtheria tetanus and whooping cough, administered
intradermally by \"Dermo**-**Jet\"\]. Schweiz Med Wochenschrift
(Switzerland) Oct 1968;98(41):1602-1608.

{Ruben1973} Ruben FL, Smith EA, Foster SO, Casey HL, Pifer JM, Wallace
RB,; Atta AI, Jones WL, Arnold RB, Teller BE, Shaikh ZQ, Lourie B,
Eddins DL, Doko SM, Foege WH. Simultaneous administration of smallpox,
measles, yellow fever, and diphtheria**-**pertussis**-**tetanus antigens
to Nigerian children. Bull World Health Organ 1973;48(2):175**-**181.

> \[Ped-O-Jet\]

{Rudenko1984}

PMID- 6464576

OWN - NLM

STAT- MEDLINE

DA - 19840914

DCOM- 19840914

LR - 20041117

PUBM- Print

IS - 0372-9311 (Print)

IP - 6

DP - 1984 Jun

TI - \[Comparative evaluation of the reactogenicity and antigenic
activity of

Soviet inactivated influenza vaccines\]

PG - 79-84

AB - The reactogenicity and antigenic potency of existing inactivated
influenza

vaccines were tested on 750 practically healthy adults. In all the

preparations under test the levels of reactogenicity were found to

correspond to the Technical Specifications TY\--KBC, but the subunit
type

vaccine, \"Gripovac\", proved to possess the lowest reactogenicity and
was,

therefore, recommended for further trials in young children. Taking into

account the characteristics of antigenic potency, the work gives grounds

for the necessity of increasing the content of hemagglutinin in the

vaccine prepared by the centrifugal method and for the practical use of

the same volumetric dose (0.2 ml) for both virion vaccines (prepared by

the centrifugal and chromatographic methods).

FAU - Rudenko, L G

AU - Rudenko LG

FAU - Zykov, M P

AU - Zykov MP

LA - rus

PT - Journal Article

TT - Sravnitel\'naia otsenka reaktogennosti i antigennoi aktivnosti

otechestvennykh grippoznykh inaktivirovannykh vaktsin.

PL - USSR

TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol

JT - Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii.

JID - 0415217

RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)

RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral)

RN - 0 (Influenza Vaccines)

RN - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated)

SB - IM

MH - Adult

MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis

MH - Antigens, Viral/adverse effects/\*immunology

MH - Body Temperature/drug effects

MH - Comparative Study

MH - Drug Evaluation

MH - English Abstract

MH - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests

MH - Humans

MH - Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects/\*immunology

MH - Injections, Jet

MH - Time Factors

MH - USSR

MH - Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects/immunology

EDAT- 1984/06/01

MHDA- 1984/06/01 00:01

PST - ppublish

SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1984 Jun;(6):79-84.

{Rybakov1977} Rybakov AI; Konobevtsev OF; Azrel\'ian BA; Gigauri VS;
Panikarovskii VV. Razrabotka i vnedrenie v stomatologicheskuiu praktiku
otechestvennykh bezygol\'nykh in\'\'ektorov \[Development and
introduction of Soviet**-**made jet injectors into dental practice\].
Stomatologiia (Mosk) Nov**-**Dec 1977;56(6):22**-**25.

{Rybakov1979} Rybakov AI, Konobevtsev OF, Gigauri VS, Azrel\'ian BA,
Smoliarov BV. Stomatologicheskii statsionarnyi bezygol\'nyi in\'ektor
\[Stomatological stationary jet injector\]. Stomatologiia (Moscow,
Russia). 1979 Mar**-**Apr;58(2):31**-**3.

{Sadagopal2005} Sadagopal S, Amara RR, Montefiori DC, Wyatt LS, Staprans
SI, Kozyr NL, McClure HM, Moss B, Robinson HL. Signature for long-term
vaccine-mediated control of a simian and human immunodeficiency virus
89.6P challenge: stable low-breadth and low-frequency T-cell response
capable of coproducing gamma interferon and interleukin-2. J Virology
March 2005;79(6):3243--3253.

> \[Biojector 2000\]

{Salanga1979} Salanga VD, Hahn JF. Traumatic ulnar neuropathy from jet
injection: Case Report. J Trauma 1979;19(4):283-284.

{Saltykov1971} Saltykov RA, Nekrasov IL, Lesniak OT, Ulanova AA.
Immunizatsiia zhivoi sibireiazvennoi vaktsinoi STI pri pomoshchi
bezygol\'nogo in\'\'ektora v eksperimente \[Russian: Experimental
immunization with live anthrax STI vaccine using a needleless
injector\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. May 1971;48(5):52-55
(PMID: 5560807).

\[BIP-4\]

{Samler1998} Samler C. New developments in disposable needle-free
injectors. European Pharmaceutical Review September 1998; vol???,
issue???, pp???.

{Samuel1991} Samuel BU, Cherian MD, Sridharan G, Mukundan P, John TJ.
Immune response to intradermally injected inactivated poliovirus
vaccine. Lancet 10 August 1991;338(8673):343-344.

\[Intradermal study by needle-syringe, but with jet injection cited in
discussion\]

{Santangelo1973} Santangelo RG. Rapid, "painless" local anesthesia. J
Pediatr. 1973;82(4):736.

{Saravia1991} Saravia ME, Bush JP. The needleless syringe: efficacy of
anaesthesia and patient preference in child dental patients. J Clin
Pediatr Dent 1991;15:109-112.

{Sarno2000} Sarno MJ, Blase E, Galindo N, Ramirez R, Schirmer CL,
Trujillo-Juarez DF. Clinical immunogenicity of measles, mumps and
rubella vaccine delivered by the Injex jet injector: comparison with
standard syringe injection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000 Sep;19(9):839-42.

{Sarno2002} Sarno MJ, Bell J, Edelman SV. Pharmacokinetics and
glucodynamics of rapid-, short-, and intermediate-acting insulins:
comparison of jet injection to needle syringe. Diabetes Technol Ther.
2002;4(6):863-866.

\[Injex®\]

{Sarphie1996} Sarphie D, Greenford J, Ashcroft SJH, Bellhouse BJ.
Transdermal powdered delivery (TPD): *In vivo* determination of particle
penetration depth and therapeutic efficacy. Proceedings of Fourth
Percutaneous Penetration Conference 1996;4B.

{Sarphie1997} Sarphie D, Johnson B, Cormier M, Burkoth TL, Bellhouse BJ.
Bioavailability following transdermal powdered delivery (TBD) of
radiolabeled inulin to hairless guinea pigs. J of Controlled Release
1997;47:61-69.

{Sawamura1999} Sawamura D; Ina S; Itai K; Meng X; Kon A; Tamai K; Hanada
K; Hashimoto I. In vivo gene introduction into keratinocytes using jet
injection. Gene Ther Oct 1999;6(10):1785**-**1787.

\[MadaJet\]

{Saxon1996} Saxon, Wolfgang. Robert Andrew Hingson, 83, a pioneer in
public health \[newspaper obituary\]. New York: The New York Times, 12
October 1966, late edition -- final, section 1, page 52, column 5.

{Shergold2006} Shergold OA, Fleck NA, King TS. The penetration of a soft
solid by a liquid jet, with application to the administration of a
needle-free injection. J Biomech. 2006;39:2593-2602.

\[Intraject, photo and diagram, patent list of other injectors with jet
stream data\]

{Schlumberger1999} Schlumberger M; Parent du Châtelet I; Lafarge H;
Genet A; Gaye AB; Monnereau A; Sanou C; Diawara L; Gueye Y; Lang J. Coût
de l\'injection d\'anatoxine tétanique par injecteur sans aiguille
(Imule) lors d'une vaccination collective au Senegal: comparaison avec
l\'injection par seringues et aiguilles restérilisables \[Cost of
tetanus toxoid injection using a jet**-**injector (Imule) in collective
immunization in Senegal: comparison with injection using a syringe and
resterilizable needle\]. Sante 1999 Sep**-**Oct;9(5):319**-**326.

\~R {Schmidt1966} Schmidt DA. Anesthesia by jet**-**injection in the
practice of pedodontics. J Dent Child. November 1966;33(6):340**-**352.

\~R {Schmidt1970} Schmidt DA. Jet injection: high speed infiltration
anesthesia. ASDC J Dent Child. Nov**-**Dec 1970;37(6):459**-**462.

{Schneider1994} Schneider U, Birnbacher R, Schober E. Painfulness of
needle and jet injection in children with diabetes mellitus. Eur J
Pediatr 1994 Jun;153(6):409**-**10.

{Schön1965} Schön F. Die Düseninjection in der Zahnheilkunde \[Jet
injection in dentistry\]. Zahnarztliche Welt April 1965;66(8):274-285
(286?).

\[Hypospray ID, SC, IM models, photos\]

{Schramm2002} Schramm J, Mitragotri S. Transdermal drug delivery by jet
injectors: energetics of jet formation and penetration. Pharm Res Nov
2002;19(11):1673-1679.

> \[Vitajet 3\]

{Schramm-Baxter2004a} Schramm-Baxter J, Mitragotri S. Needle-free jet
injections: dependence of jet penetration and dispersion in the skin on
jet power. Journal of Controlled Release 7 Jul 2004;97(3):527-535.

\~R 2005Jul26 {Schramm-Baxter2004b} Schramm-Baxter J, Katrencik J,
Mitragotri S. Jet injection into acrylamide gels: investigation of jet
injection mechanics. Journal of Biomechanics 2004;37:1181-1188.

{Schultz-undated} Schultz WH, Fitzgerald A, Ferguson L, Lewis K, Leppert
B, Ciocci G. Use of the Biojector® 2000 for Lidocaine® Injection prior
to Lumbar Puncture and Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy in the Pediatric
Patient with Cancer. (Duke University Medical Center; Durham, North
Carolina) Portland, OR: Bioject Corporation, undated document.

{Schuman1992} Schuman AJ. Preventing needlesticks and their
consequences. Contemp Pediatr June 1992;9(6):76-106.

{Schwartz####} Schwartz SL (Diabetes & Glandular Disease Clinic of San
Antonio, TX). Comparison of Lispro Insulin Delivered by Needle-Free
Injector and Conventional Needle Injection. Medi-Jector website:
<http://www.mediject.com/docs/schwartz_ada_abstract.pdf>

{Scott1996} Scott, Kelleigh. Robert Andrew Hingson, humanitarian
\[newspaper obituary\]. Atlanta: The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta
Constitution, 13 October 1996, page G10.

{Seddon1981} Seddon SJ, Doran BRH. Alternative method of intercostal
blockade. Anaesthesia 1981;36:304-306.

\[Med-E-Jet\]

{Seddon1984} Seddon SJ, Clayton KC. Intercostal nerve block by jet
injection. Anaesthesia 1984 May;39(5):484**-**486.

\[Med-E-Jet\]

{Seidman2004} Seidman CS. In Memoriam: Abram S. Benenson (1914--2003)
\[obituary\]. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 159(6):622. \[From the *American
Journal of Preventive Medicine*, University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, CA.\]

> \[Leader of US Army efforts in 1950s for R&D of high-speed
> multi-use-nozzle jet injectors, leading to development of the
> Ped-0-Jet^®^\]

{Selidovkin1975} [Selidovkin
DA](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&term="Selidovkin+DA"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Ignatov
IuI](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&term="Ignatov+IuI"%5BAuthor%5D),
[Aksenov
LA](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&term="Aksenov+LA"%5BAuthor%5D).
Opyt primeneniia bezygol\'nykh in\"ektorov dlia massovoi immunizatsii
protiv infektsionnykh boleznei. Soobshchenie II. O nekotorykh
osobennostiakh organizatsii massovoi privivochnoi kampanii sredi
gorodskogo naseleniia \[Experience in using jet injectors for mass
immunization against infectious diseases. II. Some characteristics of
the organization of a mass inoculation campaign among an urban
population\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol \[Russian\] Aug
1975;(8):86-89.

{Semenkova1992} Semenkova GG, Sil\'vestrov VP, Provotorov VM.
Blizhaishie i otdalennye rezul\'taty lecheniia bol\'nykh
nespetsificheskimi zabolevaniiami legkikh s primeneniem mestnogo
vvedeniia kontrikala i antibiotikov \[The immediate and late results of
treating patients with nonspecific lung diseases by using the local
administration of kontrikal and antibiotics\]. Ter Arkh (Russia)
1992;64(3):66-71 (UI: 93068850, PMID: 1279824).

{Servajan1872} Servajan J (Joannès). De l'aquapuncture dans certaines
affections nerveuses (bulletin des hopitaux). Bulletin Général de
Therapeutique Médicale et Chirurgicale (Paris) 1872:83:234-236.
\[Document accession no. «cote» 90014, La Bibliothèque
Interuniversitaire de Médecine (BIUM), l\'Université de Paris V - René
Descartes\]

\[cites Guérard/Mathieu1865\]

{Servajan1876} Servajan J (Joannès). De l'aquapuncture. Thèse pour le
doctorat en médecine de la Faculté de Medecine de Paris \[Aquapuncture.
Thesis for the doctorate in medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of
Paris\], presented and defended 8 March 1872, no. 99, pp. 1-48.
\[Document accession «cote» *Thèse Médecine Paris 1872 no. 99*
(bac222/r0431), La Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de Médecine (BIUM),
l\'Université de Paris V - René Descartes\].

{Seyam1997} Seyam RM, Begin LR, Tu LM, Dion SB, Merlin SL, Brock GB.
Evaluation of a no-needle penile injector: a preliminary study
evaluating tissue penetration and its hemodynamic consequences in the
rat. Urology 1997;50(6):994-998.

\[MadaJet\]

{Shakhtmeister1974} Shakhtmeister IIa, Gigauri VS, Ivanov LV, Shaporenko
MV, Popova EB. Primenenie bezygol\'nykh in\"ektorov otechestvennogo
proizvodstva v dermatologicheskoi praktike \[Use of Soviet**-**made
needleless injectors in dermatological practice\]. Vestn Dermatol
Venerol 1974;48(7):76**-**79.

{Shapiro1967} Shapiro SI. The Dermo-jet in dermatology. Cutis April
1967;3:382-384.

{Sheets2006a} Sheets RL, Stein J, Manetz TS, Duffy C, Nason M, Andrews
C, Kong W-P, Nabel GJ, Gomez PL. Biodistribution of DNA plasmid vaccines
against HIV-1, Ebola, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or West Nile
Virus is similar, without integration, despite differing plasmid
backbones or gene inserts. Toxicological Sciences. 2006;91(2):610--619.

> \[Biojector^®^ 2000\]

{Sheets2006b} Sheets RL, Stein J, Manetz TS, Andrews C, Bailae R,
Rathman J, Gomez PL. Toxicological safety evaluation of DNA plasmid
vaccines against HIV-1, Ebola, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or
West Nile Virus is similar despite differing plasmid backbones or
gene-inserts. Toxicological Sciences. 2006;91(2):620--630.

> \[Biojector^®^ 2000\]

{Sherman1967} Sherman PM, Hendrickse RG, Montefiore D, Peradze T, Coker
G. Simultaneous administration of live measles virus vaccine and
smallpox vaccine. Br Med J. 1967 Jun 10;2(553):672**-**676.

> \[Dermojet for the smallpox doses (N-S for measles)**\]**

{Shen1981} Shen DT, Gorham JR, Ryland LM, Strating A. Using jet
injection to vaccinate mink and ferrets against canine distemper, mink
virus enteritis, and botulism, type C. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1981
Jun;76(6):856**-**859.

{Shikata1977} Skikata T, Karasawa T, Abe K, et al. Hepatitis B \'e\'
antigen and infectivity of hepatitis B virus. J Infect Dis. Oct
1977;136(4):571-576.

> \[MUNJI safety: HBeAg+ serum 10^8^ times more infectious than
> anti-HBe+ serum\]

{Singh2001} Singh NP, Ogburn CE, Wolf NS, van Belle G, Martin GM. DNA
double-strand breaks in mouse kidney cells with age. Biogerontology
2001;2(4):261-70.

> \[Biojector\]

{Sinha2005} Sinha VR, Trehan A, Tiwari P. Needle free injection
technology. India: Express Healthcare Management, 1-15 July 2005.
<http://www.expresshealthcaremgmt.com/20050715/pharma01.shtml>.

{Smith1974} Smith KA, Stockman, JA. Letter: Jet injection anesthesia\--a
technique for painless bone marrow aspiration. J Pediatr.
1974;85(5):731-2.

{Smith1998} Smith BF, Baker HJ, Curiel DT, Jiang W, Conry RM. Humoral
and cellular immune responses of dogs immunized with a nucleic acid
vaccine encoding human carcinoembryonic antigen. Gene Therapy Jul
1998;5(7):865-868.

> \[Biojector IM\]

{Snowbeck2001} Snowbeck, Christopher. Reviving an old technology for
large-scale vaccination. Pittsburgh, PA: Post Gazette \[newspaper\], 20
November 2001.
<http://www.post-gazette.com/healthscience/20011120hjet2.asp>

{Souto2001} Souto FJD, Espírito Santo GA, Philippi JC, Pietro BRC,
Azevedo RB, Gaspar AMC. Prevalência e fatores associados a marcadores do
virus da hepatite B em população rural do Brasil central. \[Prevalence
of and factors associated with hepatitis B virus markers in a rural
population of central Brazil\]. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2001
Dec;10(6):388-394. Available at:
<http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892001001200004>.
Accessed November 14, 2006.

\[MUNJI safety, Ped-O-Jet\]

{Sowray1981} Sowray JH. Recent advances in jet injection. Int J Oral
Surg 1981;10(Supplement 1):143-145.

\[Panjet, SyriJet, photos\]

{Spiegel1993} Spiegel A, Greindl Y, Lippeveld T, Decam C, Granga D,
Nahor N, Bordonado J-L, Sperber G, Yankalbe M, Baudon D. Effet de deux
stratégies de vaccination sur l'évolution de l'épidémie de méningite à
méningocoque A survenue à N'Djamena (Tchad) en 1988 \[Effect of two
vaccination strategies on the evolution of the epidemic of meningococcal
A meningitis which occurred in N'Djamena (Chad) in 1988\]. Bull World
Health Organization 1993;71:311-315.

{Spiegel1994a} Spiegel A, Lemardeley P, Germanetto P, Boutin JP,
Desfontaine M, Lang J, Meyran M. Mini-Imojet® et vaccination
anti-grippale dans les armées françaises. Tolérance immédiate et
faisabilité. Actes: 4ème Séminaire International sur les Vaccinations en
Afrique -- « Bâtir des Partenariats Durables pour les Vaccinations en
Afrique » \[Proceedings: 4th International Seminar on Immunizations in
Africa -- "Building Durable Partnerships for Immunizations in Africa"\],
Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, 13-16 March 1994. Association pour l'Aide à
la Médecine Préventive. Eds: Parent du Châtelet I, Schlumberger M, da
Silva A, Stoeckel P. Lyon: Fondation Mérieux Collection, 1994, p.
344-345.

> \[Frequency of blood appearing after influenza vaccination of 12,229
> French troops in West Africa, using the Mini-Imojet® jet injector
> (PM3-C prototype) and manufacturer-prefilled Imule® vaccine
> cartridges. Thirteen of 53 separate vaccination sessions surveilled
> immediate blood (median frequency noted: 2% of injections); 8 sessions
> recorded requests for gauze: 4% median; 10 sessions reported blood
> within 30 seconds: 38% median; and 22 sessions noted any appearance of
> blood: 67% median.\]

{Spiegel1994b} Spiegel A, Moren A, Varaine F, Baudon D, Rey M. Aspects
épidémiologiques et contrôle des épidémies de méningite à méningocoque
en Afrique \[Epidemiological and control aspects of meningococcal
meningitis epidemics in Africa\]. Cahiers Santé May**-**Jun
1994;4(3):231-236.

{Spiess1964} Spiess H, Lüders D. Injektion ohne Nadel \[Injection
without needle\]. Monatsschr Kinderheilk 1964;112:194-198.

\[Hypospray original, Hypospray K series, Dermojet\]

{Spiess1968} Spiess H. Insulin durch Hypospray**-**Injektion \[Insulin
administration using hypospray injection\]. Arch Kinderheilkd
1968;(Suppl 58):13**-**14.

\[Hypospray, original\]

\~R 2005Jul26 {Spiess1975a} Spiess H. Sterililtat von Impfpistolen
\[Letter: Sterility of vaccination guns\]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 27 Jun
1975;100(26):1445-1446.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{Spiess1975b} Spiess H. Hepatitisubertragung durch Hochdruckinjektion?
\[Letter: Hepatitis transmission by high pressure injection?\]. Dtsch
Med Wochenschr 21 Nov 1975;100(47):2465.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{Stamm1970} Stamm WP. Jet vaccination \[letter\]. Brit Med J 1970;4:303.

{Stanfield1966} Stanfield JP, Warley MA, Kintu S. 3. Experience with
compressed comprehensive immunization schedules. In: Cook R, Jelliffe
DB, eds., Recent Experience in Maternal and Child Health in East Africa.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, December 1966;12(monograph 2, issued in
conjunction with issue 3):9-13.

> \[mentions future Dermojet study in followup to results reported\]

{Stanfield1971} Stanfield JP, Bracken PM. Measles vaccination: studies
in methods and cost reduction in developing countries. Trans Royal Soc
Trop Med Hyg 1971;65:620-628.

{Stanfield1972} Stanfield JP, Bracken PM, Waddell KM, Gall D.
Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization by intradermal jet injection.
Br Med J 1972;2(807):197-199.

{Stanfield1975} Stanfield JP, Bracken PM. Evaluation of methods designed
to reduce cost of measles vaccine programmes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
1975;69(1):26**-**28.

\[Panjet\]

\~R {Steinbrocker1966} Steinbrocker O. \[letter to the editor.
Title:???\] Arthitis and Rheumatism 1966;9:611-???.

{Steinbrocker1973} Steinbrocker O. Cutaneous anesthetization with the
Dermo**-**Jet. Arch Phys Med Rehabil Jun 1973;54(6):277.

{Stephens1962} Stephens RR. Jet injection of local anesthetic solutions
for dental procedures. J Dent Res \[Scientific Proceedings of British
Division\] 1962;41:1255 \[abstract 16\].

> \[see Kramer1962; unidentified British jet injector made by
> Amalgamated Dental Engineering Company (design by R.R. Stephens)\]

{Stephens1964} Stephens RR, Kramer IRH. Intra-oral injections by high
pressure jet. Brit Dental J 1964;117:465-481.

> \[Dental surgery, unidentified British jet injector made by
> Amalgamated Dental Engineering Company (design by R.R. Stephens);
> Dermojet described. Photos: DermoJet, Hypospray, and Hypospray K3\]

{Stephens2003} Stephens JW, Butteriss D, Payne N, Barker SGE, Hurel SJ.
Subcutaneous insulin without a needle: a pilot evaluation of the
J-Tip^®^ delivery system. Practical Diabetes International
2003;20(2):47-50.

\[J-Tip\]

{Stewart1995} Stewart T. Short Term Consultancy -- WHO WPRO, November
1995: Field trials/safety trials oflow workload jet injectors.

{Stone-undated} Stone JA. Biojector® Podiatry Position Paper. Fresno,
CA: Jeffrey A Stone, DPM. Distributed by Bioject Corporation. Undated.
(N3003, Revb. A)

\[Biojector\]

{Stout2004} Stout RR, Gutierrez MJ, Roffman M, Marcos J, Sanchez R,
Macias M, Quiroz R, Taylor D, Mckenzie B, Restrepo E, Pinera I,
Craig-Rodriguez A, Restrepo M, Turner P, Richardson R, Baizer L, Walker
M, Walker E. Subcutaneous injections with a single-use, pre-filled,
disposable needle-free injection device or needle & syringe: Comparative
evaluation of efficacy & acceptability. Drug Delivery Technology
2004;4(3):2-6.

\[Iject®\]
<http://www.drugdeliverytech.com/cgi-bin/articles.cgi?idArticle=227>

{Sugibayashi2000} Sugibayashi K, Kagino M, Numajiri S, Inoue N,
Kobayashi D, Kimura M, Yamaguchi M, Morimoto Y. Synergistic effects of
iontophoresis and jet injector pretreatment on the in-vitro skin
permeation of diclofenac and angiotensin II. J Pharm Pharmacol
2000;52(10):1179-1186.

\[Preci-Jet\]

{Suzuki1995} Suzuki T, Takahashi I, Takada G. Daily subcutaneous
erythropoietin by jet injection in pediatric dialysis patients. Nephron
1995;69:347.

{Sweat2000} Sweat JM, Abdy M, Weniger BG, Harrington R, Coyle B,
Abuknesha RA, Gibbs EP. Safety testing of needle free, jet injection
devices to detect contamination with blood and other tissue fluids. Ann
NY Acad Sci 2000;916(31):681-682.

> \[<http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/full/916/1/681?view=full&pmid=11193700>\]

{Tabita1979} Tabita PV. Side effect of the jet injector for the
production of local anesthesia. Anesthes Prog July-August 1979;102-104.

{Taunay1974} Taunay AE, Galvao PA, de Morais JS, Gotschlich EC, Feldman
RA. Disease prevention by meningococcal serogroup C polysaccharide
vaccine in preschool children: Results after eleven months in Sao Paulo,
Brazil \[abstract\]. Pediatr Res 1974:8:429.

> \[Interim trial report: 67,000 children between 6 -- 35 months of age
> received 50 µg serogroup C polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine by jet
> injection compared to equal numbers getting DT vaccine. No efficacy in
> 6-23 months, apparent protection 24-35 months.\]

{Taunay1978} Taunay AE, Feldman RA, Bastos CO, Galvao PAA, de Morais JS,
Castro IO. Avaliação do efeito protector de vacina polissacaridica
antimeningococica da grupa C em crianças de 6 a 36 meses. Revista do
Instituto Adolfo Lutz 1978;32:77-82.

{Tavel2007} Tavel JA, Martin JE, Kelly GG, Enama ME, Shen JM, Gomez PL,
Andrews CA, Koup RA, Bailer RT, Stein JA, Roederer M, Nabel GJ, Graham
BS. Safety and immunogenicity of a Gag-Pol candidate HIV-1 DNA vaccine
administered by a needle-free device in HIV-1-seronegative subjects. J
Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 15 Apr 2007;44(5):601-605.

> \[Biojector^®^ 2000\]

{Taylor1981} Taylor R, Home PD, Alberti KGMM. Plasma free insulin
profiles after administration of insulin by jet and conventional syringe
injection. Diabetes Care 1981;4:377-379.

{tenDam1970} ten Dam HG, Fillastre C, Conge G, Orssaud E, Gateff C,
Tanaka A, Ortega Ramirez O, Wright J, Collas R, Chambon L, Barme M,
Tommasi UB, Sarrat H, Brès P, Diallo L, Gauthier M, Piot M, Guld J. The
use of jet**-**injectors in BCG vaccination. Bull World Health Organ
1970;43(5):707**-**720.

{tenDam1971} ten Dam HG. Jet-injectors in BCG vaccination. Clinical
Pediatrics 1971;10:4-5.

{Theintz1991} Theintz GE, Sizonenko PC. Risks of jet injection of
insulin in children. Eur J Pediatr 1991, 150, 554-556

{Thomas1971} Thomas G. Mass immunization techniques \[letter\]. Brit Med
J 14 August 1971;3(771):431.

> \[Porton Needle-less Injector (photograph)\]

{Timmerman2002} Timmerman JM, Singh G, Hermanson G, Hobart P, Czerwinski
DK, Taidi B, Rajapaksa R, Caspar CB, Van Beckhoven A, Levy R.
Immunogenicity of a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding chimeric idiotype in
patients with B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Res. 15 Oct 2002;62(20):5845-52.

> \[Biojector IM and ID\]

{Torres1997} Torres CAT, Iwasaki A, Barber BH, Robinson HL. Differential
dependence on target site tissue for gene gun and intramuscular DNA
immunizations. J Immunol 1997;158:4529-32.

> \[Helios™ gene gun\]

{Towle1960} Towle RL. New horizon in mass inoculation. Public Health Rep
June 1960;75(6):471-476.

\[Hypospray Multidose Jet Injector, photos\]

\*ID {Triau1967} Triau R, Joubert L, Valette L, Mynard MC. Controle
toxicologique et pharmacologique du vaccin B.C.G. cryodesseche a usage
intradermique. \[Toxicological and pharmacological checking of
freeze**-**dried B.C.G. vaccine for intradermal use\]. Rev Immunol Ther
Antimicrob 1967 Jan**-**Mar;31(1):61**-**74.

{Triau1979} Triau R, Mérieux C. Contre les méningites à méningocoque :
une nouvelle forme de vaccination. Bulletin de l'Académie Nationalee de
Médecine (Paris). 1979 ;163(3) :277-288.

> \[comments on high-speed jet injectors (Ped-O-Jets) to vaccinate 100
> million persons in the 1972 meningococcal C epidemic\]

{Trimble2003} Trimble C, Lin CT, Hung CF, Pai S, Juang J, He L, Gillison
M, Pardoll D, Wu L, Wu TC. Comparison of the CD8+ T cell responses and
antitumor effects generated by DNA vaccine administered through gene
gun, Biojector, and syringe. Vaccine. 2003 Sep 8;21(25-26):4036-42.

\*ID {Tuft1932} Tuft L, Yagle EM, Rogers S. Comparative study of the
antibody response after various methods of administration of mixed
typhoid vaccine with particular reference to the intradermal and oral
methods. J Infect Dis 1932;50:98-110.

{Uglovoi1975} Uglovoi GP, Korneeva SA, Bobylkova TV, Olsuf\'ev NG.
Vaktsinatsiia protiv tularemii bezygol\'nym in \"ektorom \"Pchelka\"
\[Vaccination against tularemia by means of the \"Pchelka\" jet
injector\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol (Russia). Dec
1975;(12):122-3 (PMID: 1217342).

\[Pchelka jet injector\]

{Unanov1977} Unanov SS, Bochkov RA, Alekseeva AK, Kaptosova TI,
Levchenko EN. Rezul\'taty izucheniia zhivoi parotitnoi vaktsiny iz
shtamma L**-**3 proizvodstva Moskovskogo nauchno**-**issledovatel\'skogo
instituta virusnykh preparatov. Epidemiologicheskaia effektivnost\'
vaktsiny \[Results of studying a live mumps vaccine from strain L**-**3
manufactured by the Moscow Research Institute of Viral Preparations. The
epidemiological effectiveness of the vaccine\]. Vopr Virusol (Russia)
1977;8(1):59**-**61 (UI: 78015532, PMID: 143795).

> \[*Unanov1977* reported randomized, controlled studies of live mumps
> vaccine (L**-**3 strain) delivered as 0.1 mL dose subcutaneously in
> the deltoid area, among 51,701 vaccinated and 62,256 control subjects,
> using jet injection, with vaccine efficacy of 96.6%. No mention of jet
> injector device used, nor adverse reactions. Concluded needle-free
> method "more optimal" than needles.\]

{USA1972} United States Department of the Army. Smallpox vaccination
procedure \[motion picture\] / United States Army; produced by Walter
Reed Army Institute of Research, Division of Medical Audio Visual
Services. Publisher: \[Washington\]: The Army: \[for loan by Armed
Forces Institute of Pathology Audiovisual Support Center\], 1972.
Description: 1 reel, 23 min.: sd., col.; 16 mm.

{Vadhera1975} Vadhera KK, Bhardhwaj OP, and Sanyal MC. Trial of
prototype Hypospray jet injector for T A B inoculation. Indian J Public
Health April-June 1975;19(2):90-95.

{Vadoud-Seyedi2000} Vadoud-Seyedi J, Simonart T, Heenen M. Treatment of
plantar hyperhidrosis with Dermojet injections of botulinum toxin
\[letter\]. Dermatology 2000;201:179-179.

\[Dermo-Jet\]

{Vahlsing1994} Vahlsing HL, Yankauckas MA, Sawdey M, Gromkowski SH,
Manthorpe M. Immunization with plasmid DNA using a pneumatic gun. J
Immunol Methods 1994;175:11-22.

> \[Med-E-Jet®\]

{Vallis1967} Vallis CP. Intralesional injection of keloids and
hypertrophic scars with the Dermo**-**Jet. Plast Reconstr Surg Sep
1967;40(3):255**-**262.

{Vasil\'eva1988} Vasil\'eva RI, Merkur\'eva LA, Iatsenko VG, Vasil\'eva
AM, Shvager MM. Kharakteristika klinicheskoi i immunologicheskoi
bezvrednosti grippoznykh inaktivirovannykh vaktsin dlia detei v
usloviiakh mnogokratnoi immunizatsii \[Characteristics of the clinical
and immunologic safety of inactivated influenza vaccines in children
undergoing multiple immunizations\]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol
Nov 1988;(11):65-69 (UI: 89115692, PMID: 2975452).

\[BI-2, BI-3\]

{Vella1972} Vella EE. Cholera vaccination: Subcutaneous or intradermal
administration? (letter). Lancet 1972; 1(7754):796-7.

{Velussi####-1} Velussi M (Casa di Cura \"Pienta del Carso\" Trieste,
Italy). Needle-Free Insulin Injector Significantly Ameliorates
Absorption of Regular Insulin in Type 1 Diabetic subjects. Medi-Jector
website: <http://www.mediject.com/docs/Velussi_Study-1.pdf>.

{Velussi####-2}Velussi M (Diabetic Clinic \"Pienta del Carso\"
Monfalcone, Italy). Needle-Free Insulin Administration Significantly
Alters Nocturnal Blood Glucose Profile with Intermediate-Acting Insulin
in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects. Medi-Jector website:
<http://www.mediject.com/docs/Velussi_Study-2.pdf>

{Velussi####-3} Velussi M (Diabetic Clinic \"Pienta del Carso\"
Monfalcone, Italy). One-Year Pilot Study with a Needle-Free Insulin
Jet-Injector Supports Sustained Improvement in HbA1c and Blood Sugar
Profiles in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects. Medi-Jector website:
<http://www.mediject.com/docs/Velussi_Study-3.pdf>.

{Verbov1970} Verbov JL, Abell E. Jet gun intralesional therapy.
Transactions St. John's Hospital Dermatological Society. 1970;56:39-42.

\[Porton Jet Injector, good photograph\]

{Verbov1976} Verbov J. The place of intralesional steroid therapy in
dermatology. Br J Dermatol. 1976;94(s12):51-57.

\[good descriptions and photo of Port-O-Jet, mention Porton Jet and
Panjet\]

{Verhagen1995} Verhagen A, Ebels JT, Dogterom AA, Jonkman JH.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of recombinant
human growth hormone after subcutaneous administration by jet-injection:
comparison with conventional needle-injection. Eur J Clin Pharmacol
1995;49:(1-2):69-72.

{Veronesi1966a} Veronesi R, Gomes LF, Soares MA, Correa A. Importancia
do \"jet**-**injector\" (injeção sem agulha) em planos de imunização em
massa no Brasil: resultados com as vacinas antitetânica e antivariolica
\[Importance of the jet injector (injection without a needle) in mass
immunization projects in Brazil: results with anti**-**tetanus and
anti**-**smallpox vaccines\]. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo Mar-Apr
1966;21(2):92**-**95.

> \[Press-O-Jet\]

{Veronesi1966b} Veronesi R, Correa A, Zuccas WA, Lopes OS. Tetanus
immunization with a single dose of vaccine. Importance and possibilities
for mass**-**immunization programs. Preliminary report on experimental
studies. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo Mar**-**Apr 1966;8(2):83**-**88.

{Veronesi1967} Veronesi R, Penna HA, Issler H, Braga N de P, Carvalho PR
de, Oria H, Monetti V. Sarampo e vacinação contra o sarampo no Brasil.
Magnitude do problema e subsidios ao metodo das pequenas doses na
imunização em massa. Avaliação clinico**-**sorológica de dois tipos de
vacinas altamente atenuadas \[Measles and measles vaccination in Brazil.
Magnitude of the problem and contribution to the method of small doses
in mass immunization. Clinico**-**serological evaluation of 2 types of
highly attenuated vaccine\]. Hospital (Rio J) (Rio de Janeiro) Oct
1967;72(4):1203**-**1232.

\~R {Veronesi1970} Veronesi R; Correa A, Alterio D. Single dose
immunization against tetanus. Promising results in human trials. Rev
Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo Jan**-**Feb 1970;12(1):46**-**54.

> **\[**ARTICLE NOT YET CONFIRMED AS "NEEDLE-FREE"**\]**

{Veronesi1975} Veronesi R, Brólio R, Netto CF, Franco do Amaral AD,
Ferreira H, Sebe Filho E, Mazza CC, Oliveira CE, Zuccas WA. Intradermo
diagnóstico simultâneo com antígenos inoculados a jato. Importância em
inquéritos imuno**-**epidemiológicos \[Simultaneous intradermal
reactions of several dermojet**-**injected antigens. Their importance in
immuno**-**epidemiological studies\]. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med São Paulo
Jul**-**Aug 1975;30(4):357**-**361.

{Verrips1998} Verrips GH, Hirasing RA, Fekkes M, et al. Psychological
responses to the needle-free Medi-Jector® or the multidose Disetronic®
injection pen in human growth hormone therapy. Acta Paediatr 1998
Feb;87(2): 154-158.

{Vibes1971} Vibes J. Efficacité comparée de deux techniques de
vaccination contre la grippe. Taux sérologique obtenus après
administration du vaccine par le Porton Jet et la seringue \[Comparative
efficacy of two techniques of vaccination against influenza. Serologic
rates obtained after administration of vaccine by the Porton Jet and by
syringe\]. Médecine et Maladies Infecteuses 1971;1(3):343-348.

\[Porton\]

{Voelker1999} Voelker R. Eradication Efforts Need Needle-Free Delivery.
JAMA May 26, 1999;281(20):1879-1881.

{Vorob\'ev1972} A. A. Vorob\'ev (Anatolii Andreevich), I. L. Nekrasov
(Igor\' L\'vovich) \[i\], L. F. Bandakov (Leonid Fedorovich).
Bezygol\'nyi sposob vvedeniia biologicheskikh preparatov v organizm
\[Needle-free method for the introduction of biological preparations
into organisms\]. Moskva (Moscow): Meditsina ("Medicine", publisher),
1972, pp. 1-102. UI: 0356044, Language: Russian.

> \[Vorob\'ev1972 is a detailed, thorough monograph on the history,
> physics, and performance of jet injectors, including cross-sections of
> foreign and Russian devices, photographs, equations, tables, graphs,
> and deposition x-rays and autopsies.\]

{Voznyi1992} Voznyi EK, Meshcheriakova NG. Vnutriplevral\'noe vvedenie
platidiama (tsiplatina) v lechenii spetsificheskikh plevritov pri
zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovaniiakh \[The intrapleural administration
of platidiam (cisplatin) in treating specific pleurisy in malignant
neoplasms\]. Vopr Onkol (Russia) 1992;38(10):1249-1253 (UI: 94127042,
PMID: 1343153).

{Wallace1976} Wallace RB, Landrigan PJ, Smith EA, Pifer J, Teller B,
Foster SO. Trial of a reduced dose of measles vaccine in Nigerian
children. Bull World Health Organ 1976;53(4):361**-**364.

> \[Ped-O-Jet\]

{Wagner2004} Wagner S, Dues G, Sawitzky D, Frey P, Christ B.. Assessment
of the biological performance of the needle-free injector INJEX using
the isolated porcine forelimb. British Journal of Dermatology. Mar
2004;150(3):455-461.

{Walther2001} Walther W, Stein U, Fichtner I, Malcherek L, Lemm M,
Schlag PM. Nonviral in vivo gene delivery into tumors using a novel low
volume jet-injection technology. Gene Therapy February
2001;8(3):173-180.

\[Injector from EMS Medical GnbH, Konstanz, Germany\]

{Walther2002} Walther W, Stein U, Fichtner I, Voss C; Schmidt T; Schleef
M; Nellessen T; Schlag PM. Intratumoral low-volume jet-injection for
efficient nonviral gene transfer. Mol Biotechnol 2002;21:105-115.

> \[Swiss Injector^®^\]

{Wang2001} Wang R, Epstein J, Baraceros FM, Gorak EJ, Charoenvit Y,
Carucci DJ, Hedstrom RC, Rahardjo N, Gay T, Hobart P, Stout R, Jones TR,
Richie TL, Parker SE, Doolan DL, Norman J, Hoffman SL. Induction of
CD4(+) T cell-dependent CD8(+) type 1 responses in humans by a malaria
DNA vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 11 Sep 2001;98(19):10817-10822.

> \[Biojector^®^ 2000\]

{Wang2004} Wang S, Joshi S, Lu S. Delivery of DNA to skin by particle
bombardment. Methods in Molecular Biology 2004;245:185-186.

{Wang2005} Wang R, Richie TL, Baraceros MF, Rahardjo N, Gay T, Banania
J-G, Charoenvit Y, Epstein JE, Luke T, Freilich DA, Norman J, Hoffman
SL. Boosting of DNA vaccine-elicited gamma interferon responses in
humans by exposure to malaria parasites. Infection and Immunity May
2005;73(5):2863--2872.

\[Biojector^®^ 2000 IM\]

{Warren1955} Warren J, Ziherl FA, Kish AW, Ziherl LA. Large-scale
administration of vaccines by means of an automatic jet injection
syringe. JAMA 1955;157(8):633-637.

> \[Press-O-Jet; details of U.S. military involvement in R&D of
> multi-use-nozzle jet injectors\]

{Weber1982} Weber HG; Willers H. Zur Optimierung der Roteln**-**Impfung.
Serokonversion nach Roteln**-**Reihenimpfung mit dem Jet**-**Injektor
\[Improvement of rubella vaccination. Seroconversion after serial
rubella vaccination with the jet injector\]. Fortschr Med
1982;100:1161**-**1163.

{Wegmann1976} Wegmann A, Heiz R, Baumann T. Auffrisch**-**Impfung mit
einem Diphtherie**-**Tetanus**-**Impfstoff fur Dermo**-**Jet mit
niedrigem Diphtherietoxoidgehalt \[Booster vaccination with a
diphtheria**-**tetanus vaccine for Dermo**-**Jet with low diphtheria
toxoid content\]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr (Switzerland) 24 Jan
1976;106(4):112**-**114.

{Weibel1966} Weibel RE, Stokes J Jr, Buynak EB, Hilleman MR, Grunmeier
PW. Clinical-laboratory experiences with combined dried live
measles-smallpox vaccine. Pediatrics 1966;37:913-920.

> \[Ped-O-Jet^®^ , Intradermal nozzle or spacer\]

{Weintraub1998} Weintraub AM, Ponce de Leon M. Potential for
cross-contamination from use of a needleless injector. AJIC Am J Infect
Control. 1998;26:442-445.

\[Syrijet\] \[MUNJI safety\]

{Weller1966} Weller C, Linder M. Jet injection of insulin vs. the
syringe-and-needle method. JAMA 1966;195:156-159.

> \[includes radiograph of injection deposit by Hypospray®\]

{Welty1970} Welty TK, Josimovich JB, Gerende JH, Hingson RA. Reduction
of variability in the anovulatory period following medroxyprogesterone
acetate injection by using jet injectors. Fertility and Sterility.
1970;21(9):673-682.

\[Syrijet, Dermojet, Press-O-Jet, Ped-O-Jet, Hypospray (series not
indicated)\]

{Wenger1990} Wenger JD, Spika JS, Smithwick RW, Pryor V, Dodson DW,
Carden GA, Klontz KC. Outbreak of *mycobacterium chelonae* infection
associated with use of jet injectors. JAMA. 1990;264(3):373-376.

\[MadaJet\]

{Werner1974} Werner HP, Ambrosch F, Wiedermann G, Meschkat A.
Bakteriologische Untersuchungen bei Reihenimpfungen mit dem
Hypospray**-** jet**-**Injector \[Bacterial investigations in serial
inoculations with the Hypospray jet injector (author\'s transl)\].
Zentralbl Bakteriol \[I. Abt. Orig. B\] Apr 1974;158(6):593**-**597.

\[Hypospray\]

{White1969} White WG. Porton Jet injector. British Medical Journal 2 Aug
1969;3:472-473.

> \[radiograph of injection with Hypaque™ contrast medium\]

{Whittle1987} Whittle HC, Lamb WH, Ryder RW. Trial of intradermal
hepatitis B vaccines in Gambian children. Ann Trop Paediatr 1987;7:6-9.

> \[Im-O-Jet ID (Mérieux), Panjet ID\]

{WHO1980} World Health Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization.
Summary report on jet injector testing in the laboratory and in the
field. Geneva: World Health Organization, document WHO/EPI/CCIS/80.14,
1980;1-10.

> \[Report on comparative bench testing and field observation in mass
> campaign use in Ghana of (1) Ped-O-Jet, (2) Hyjettor, (3) Med-E-Jet,
> (4) Hypospray. Cites Linder1979 and Hanson1979\]

{WHO1986} World Health Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization.
Transmission of hepatitis B associated with jet gun injection. Weekly
Epidemiological Record 1986;61:309-311.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{WHO1987} World Health Organization. Expanded Programme on Immunization,
Global Advisory Group. IV. Injection equipment and sterilization
practices. Weekly Epidemiol Rec. 16 January 1987;62:8-9.

> \[Following California hepatitis B outbreak (CDC1986, WHO1986,
> Canter1990), suggests restrictions on use of jet injectors until risk
> of disease transmission can be clarified.\]

\[MUNJI safety, Med-E-Jet, Ped-O-Jet\]

{WHO1988} World Health Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization.
Viral hepatitis. Weekly Epidemiological Record 1988;63:89-91.

\[MUNJI safety, Med-E-Jet, Ped-O-Jet\]

\~R 2002Aug06 {WHO1992} World Health Organization. Knocking the spots
off measles. Technet News - Logistics for Health. Geneva: World Health
Organization, Global Programme on Vaccines and Immunization,
1992;92(2):7.

{WHO1993a} World Health Organization. Jet guns on trial. Technet News -
Logistics for Health. Geneva: World Health Organization, Global
Programme on Vaccines and Immunization, 1993;93(2):4.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{WHO1993b} World Health Organization (Milstien J). The immunological
basis for immunization series. Module 5: Tuberculosis. Geneva: World
Health Organization, Global Programme For Vaccines And Immunization,
Expanded Programme On Immunization, 1993, document WHO/EPl/GEN/93.15, 20
pages.

\[Discusses and recommends against use of jet injectors for BCG
vaccination.\]

{WHO1994} World Health Organization. Safety of injections in
immunization services: WHO recommended policy. Geneva: World Health
Organization, Global Programme on Vaccines and Immunizations, August
1994, document WHO/EPI/LHIS/94.1 (3 cover/preface pages, 5 text pages).

\[MUNJI safety\]

{WHO/WPRO1995} World Health Organization/Western Pacific Regional
Office. Protocol for field trials of low-workload jet injectors. Draft
document, dated November 1995 (2 pages cover and contents, 6 pages text,
12 pages annexes).

{WHO1996} World Health Organization. Technet subcommittee meeting on the
safety of injections, Geneva, 29 October - 1 November 1996. Geneva:
World Health Organization, Global Programme on Vaccines and
Immunizations, document, 1996;1-27.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{WHO1996} World Health Organization. Safety of injections in
immunization programmes: WHO recommended policy. Geneva: World Health
Organization, Global Programme on Vaccines and Immunizations, document
WHO/EPI/LHIS/96.05, 1996;1-11.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{WHO1997a} World Health Organization. Steering group on the development
of jet injection, Geneva, 18-19 March 1997. Geneva: World Health
Organization, Global Programme on Vaccines and Immunizations, document,
1997;1-37.

{WHO1997b} World Health Organization. Safety of injections: WHO-UNICEF
policy statement for mass immunization campaigns. Geneva: World Health
Organization, Global Programme on Vaccines and Immunizations, document
WHO/EPI/LHIS/97.04, 1997;1-4

\[MUNJI safety, Med-E-Jet\]

{WHO1997c} World Health Organization. Safety of injections: WHO-UNICEF
policy statement for mass immunization campaigns. Geneva: World Health
Organization, Global Programme on Vaccines and Immunizations, document
WHO/EPI/LHIS/97.04 [Rev. 1]{.underline}, 1997;1-4

\[MUNJI safety\]

{WHO1998a} World Health Organization. Use of needle-free injectors for
immunization \[Note for the record 25 March 1998\]. Geneva: World Health
Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization, Quality and Injections
Safety Cluster, 1998;:1.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{WHO1998b} World Health Organization. Technet Consultation, Copenhagen,
16-20 March 1998. Geneva: Global Programme for Vaccines and
Immunization, Expanded Programme on Immunization. Document
WHO/EPI/LHIS/98.05, 103 pages.
<http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHO_EPI_LHIS_98.05.pdf>

\[MUNJI safety: pp. 46-50, 73-74\]

{WHO1999} World Health Organization (Lloyd J). Technologies for vaccine
delivery in the 21st century: A white paper of WHO, UNICEF, USAID and
PATH. (Technet Consultation, Harare, Zimbabwe, 6-10 December 1999).
Geneva: World Health Organization, Vaccines and Biologicals (Document
WHO/ATT/TECHNET.99/Opening Session/WP.1).

> \[<http://www.who.int/vaccines-access/Restructuring/99_PDF_Files/whitepap.pdf>\]

\[MUNJI safety\]

{WHO2004} World Health Organization. Fifth meeting of the Steering
Committee on Immunization Safety. Report on progress in immunization
safety and Committee recommendations. Weekly Epidemiological Record, 22
October 2004;79(43):388-392.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{WHO2006} World Health Organization. Global pandemic influenza action
plan to increase vaccine supply. Geneva: World Health Organization,
Departments of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, and of Epidemic
and Pandemic Alert and Response (Document WHO/IVB/06.13 and
WHO/CDS/EPR/GIP/2006.1); September 2006:1-14
(<http://www.who.int/entity/csr/resources/publications/influenza/CDS_EPR_GIP_2006_1.pdf>)

\[Cites needed jet injection research for dose-sparing intradermal
route, pp. vii, 9.\]

{Wijsmuller1975} Wijsmuller G, Snider DE. Skin testing: A comparison of
the jet injector with the mantoux method. Am Rev Respir Dis
1975;112:789-798.

{Williams1991} Williams RS, Johnston RA, Riedy M, DeVit MJ, McElligot
SG, Sanford JC. Introduction of foreign genes into tissues of living
mice by DNA coated microprojectiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1991;88:2726-30.

> \[Helios™ "gene gun" precursor\]

{Williams1996} Williams J, Fox**-**Leyva L, Wainright K, Snowball M,
Negus S, Christensen C, Tanttila H, Koller R, McMahon B, Getty M, Peters
H, Stout R, Krause D. Evaluations of two injection systems: jet
injection (Biojector) vs. needle and syringe with the hepatitis A
vaccine (Havrix). Tenth International Congress on Circumpolar Health,
Anchorage, Alaska, 19-24 May 1996 \[poster abstract\].

{Williams2000} Williams J; Fox**-**Leyva L; Christensen C; Fisher D;
Schlicting E; Snowball M; Negus S; Mayers J; Koller R; Stout R.
Hepatitis A vaccine administration: comparison between jet**-**injector
and needle injection. Vaccine Mar 17 2000;18(18):1939**-**1943.

> \[Biojector 2000\]

{Wilson1973} Wilson HD. Experience of BCG vaccination by jet injection
in an outbreak of primary tuberculosis. Lancet April, 28
1973;1(7809):927-8.

\~R 2003Aug06 {Wilson2001} Wilson CL. No-needle anesthesia. Program and
abstracts from the American Academy of Family Physicians 2001 Scientific
Assembly, 3-7 October 2001, Atlanta, Georgia (session 266). Leawood,
Kansas, USA: American Academy of Family Physicians.

> \[MadaJet, see Davis2001 review\]
>
> {Wilson2005} Wilson CL. Re: No-needle jet anesthetic technique for
> no-scalpel vasectomy \[comment on J Urol. 2005 May;173(5):1677-80\].
> Journal of Urology Oct 2005;174(4 Pt 1):1504-5 (author reply 1505,
> 2005 Oct).

{Winter1975} Winter CC, Khanna R. Peyronie's disease : results with
Dermo-Jet injection of dexamethasone. Journal of Urology Dec
1975;114(6):898-900.

{Wolff1971} Wolff L. Jet spray in nasal surgery. Arch Otolaryngol
1971;93(3):327-9.

{Wood1980} Wood PB, Shoeranda KS, Bracken PM, Houser NE. Measles
vaccination in Zaire\--when and how? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.
1980;74(3):381-382.

{Woods2004} Woods D. 7th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research: Vaccine
delivery technology: jet injection technology. Jensen Beach, FL:
Trends-in-Medicine, July 2004;6-8.

{Woodward1990} Woodward, Theodore E. The Armed Forces Epidemiological
Board: Its First Fifty Years, 1940-1990. (A publication of the Center of
Excellence in Military Medical Research and Education, Office of the
Surgeon General and Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Eds.: Zajchuk R,
Jenkins DP, Bellamy RF, Ingram VM, Quick CM). Falls Church, Virginia
22041-3258: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 5111
Leesburg Pike, 1990, 374 pp.

> \[See last bullet on page 91 in listing of "Significant medical
> accomplishments that helped to improve the general public health" in
> the post-WWII period:
>
> "• Sponsored and assisted in the development of jet injectors with
> intradermal capability, a technique for vaccine administration that
> was instrumental in helping control smallpox and other microbial
> diseases"\]

{Woringer1964} Woringer F. Étude histologique de l'injection cutanée par
«Dermo-Jet» \[Histologic study of cutaneous injection with the
"Dermo-jet"\]. Bull. de la Société Française de Dermatologie et Syph.
1964;71(3):371-372.

{Worth1980} Worth R, Anderson J, Taylor R, Alberti KGMM. Jet injection
of insulin. A comparison with conventional injection by syringe and
needle. Br Med J 1980;281:713-714.

{Wright1968} Wright M. Influenza vaccine programme using the hypospray
jet injector method. Occupational Health (London) 1968;20(5):254-257.

\[Hypospray, K series\]

{Wyatt2004} Wyatt LS, Earl PL, Liu JY, Smith JM, Montefiori DC, Robinson
HL, Moss B. Multiprotein HIV type 1 clade B DNA and MVA vaccines:
construction, expression, and immunogenicity in rodents of the MVA
component. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses June 2004;20(6):645-653.

> \[Biojector\]

{Yoong2007} Yoong D, Loufty M, Chin T, Bayoumi AM. Severe bruising in an
HIV-positive patient with haemophilia after using a needle-free
gas-powered injection device. AIDS. 11 July 2007;21(11):1499-1500.

> \[Biojector\]

{Zachoval1988} Zachoval R, Deinhardt F, Gurtler L, Eisenburg J, Korger
G. Risk of virus transmission by jet injection. Lancet.
1988:1(8578):189.

\[MUNJI safety\]

{Zaffran1997} Zaffran M, Lloyd J, Clements J, Stilwell B. A drive to
safer injections. Geneva: World Health Organization, Global Programme on
Vaccines and Immunization, document GPV/SAGE.97/WP.05, 1997;1-24.

\~R 2007Oct04 {Zarzecka2006} Zarzecka J., Gonczowski K, Kesek B, Darczuk
D, Zapala J. Analiza porownawcza systemow do znieczulen miejscowych w
stomatologii\--the Wand (Milestone Scientific) oraz Injex (Rosch)
\[Comparison of the systems used for providing local anesthesia in
dentistry\--[the Wand (Milestone Scientific)]{.mark} and [Injex
(Rosch)]{.mark}\]. Przeglad Lekarski. 63(12):1304-1309;2006 \[Medline
unique identifier: 17642145\].

{Ziff1956} Ziff M, Contreras V, Schmid FR. Use of the Hypospray jet
injector for the intra-articular and local administration of
hydrocortisone acetate. Ann Rheum Dis 1956;15:227-232.

\~R {Zimmon1987} Zimmon DS. Injection pistol for volume control of
contrast injection during endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography. Gastrointest Endosc June 1987;33(3):238-40.

{Zsigmond1995a} Zsigmond EK, Kovacs V, Fekete G. A new route, jet
injection for anesthetic induction in children: I. midazolam dose-range
finding studies. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995;33:580-584.

> \[Med-E-Jet\]

{Zsigmond1995b} Zsigmond EK, Kovacs V, Fekete G. Uj modszer az
anaesthesia bevezetesere gyermekekben oltopisztollyal \[Jet injection, a
new method for the induction of anesthesia in children\]. Orvosi Hetilap
5 Nov 1995;136(45):2459-2462. \[Hungarian\]

> \[Med-E-Jet\]

{Zsigmond1996} Zsigmond EK, Kovacs V, Fekete G. A new route, jet
injection for anesthetic induction in children - II. Ketamine dose-range
finding studies. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;34:84-88.

> \[Med-E-Jet\]

{Zsigmond1997} Zsigmond EK, Kovacs V, Fekete Gy. Ketamine az anesthesia
bevezetesere oltopisztollyal. Aneszteziologia es Intenziv Terapia
1997;2:109 114.

> \[Med-E-Jet\]

{Zsigmond1999a} Zsigmond EK, Darby P, Koenig HM, Goll E. V. A new route,
jet injection of lidocaine for skin wheal for painless intravenous
catheterization. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and
Therapeutics 1999;37:90-99.

> \[Med-E-Jet, Biojector\]

{Zsigmond1999b} Zsigmond EK, Darby P, Koenig HM, Goll EF. Painless
intravenous catheterization by intradermal jet injection of lidocaine: A
randomized trial. J Clin Anesth 1999; 11(2): 87**-**94.

> \[Med-E-Jet and Biojector^®^ 2000 with investigational spacers on
> each\]

{Zsigmond2002} Zsigmond EK. Jet anesthesia and jet local anesthesia for
the 21^st^ Century. J National Medical Association
2002;94(11):1004-1006.

{Zsigmond2003} Zsigmond EK. Needle-phobia and jet injection technology
\[viewpoint\]. Am J. Drug Deliv. 2003;1(3):223-224.

{Zsigmond2004} Zsigmond EK. Findings of study of needle-free
jet-injection system with lidocaine are contrary to published reports
\[letter\]. Anesth Analg. May 2004;98(5):1504 \[author reply 1504-5\]

{Zvozchik1973} Zvozchik VG, Segal LS, Bogdan VL. Bezygol\'naia
tuberkulinizatsiia krupnogo rogatogo skota \[Needleless
tuberculinization of cattle\]. Veterinariia 1973 Jul;7:44-46.
\[Russian\]

## UNLOCATED CITATIONS FROM DERMO-JET WEB BIBLIOGRAPHY

Marvin Ackerman. Dermatology Digest. Intralesional jet injection : Some
personnal observations \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

M. Bergouignan & M. Berthon. Annales Medico**-**Psychiatrique. Notre
expérience de la méthode et de l'appareil du Dr Krantz (Dermo-Jet) \[NOT
IN MEDLINE\]

C. Bertenyi, I. Schneider. \[Traitement sclerosant de varicosités par
voie percutanée et à l'aide d'un pistolet pour vaccination
(Dermo-Jet)\]. \[In Hungarian? French?\] Kreussler **-** Clinique
Dermatologique de Sveged, Hongrie (Hungary). YEAR?? VOL? PAGES???? \[NOT
IN MEDLINE\]

F. Cantrelle Notes sur le fonctionnement du Dermo-Jet du Dr. Krantz.
ORST Outre Mer YEAR??? VOL??? PAGES??? \[measles\] \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

Victor G. Dewolfe. Cleveland Clinic. Utilisation du Vaccijet pour la
vaccination contre la Rougeole et variole \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

J.P Gagnard et G. P.E. Transfusion T.V. No. 3**-**4. Anesthesie locale
et prise de sang \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

MJ Guez. Journal de Médecine de Bordeaux. Les infiltartions
novacainiques : traitement radical d'un syndrome trés fréquent \[NOT IN
MEDLINE\]

Y. Hara. Revue Chinoise de Dermatologie. Intralesional therapy of
triamcinolose Diacetate in Psoriasis and other Dermatoses \[NOT IN
MEDLINE\]

A. J. Held. Rapport concernant le Dermo-Jet du Dr. Krantz. Institut de
Medecine Dentaire SOURCE??? YEAR?? VOL?? PAGES?? \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

Dr Kartmann. Cinesiologie, No. 2. Traitement d'urgence des entorses
simples \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

Dr A. Krantz. Bulletin de la société medicale de Pau. Effets
spectaculaires de la "Jet**-**Puncture" dans les douleurs fonctionnelles
\[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

E.G Lapinet. International conseils Cosmeto**-**Biodynamiques. Injecter
un liquide dans les rides du visage avec le Dermo-Jet \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

Malaplate M. \[TITLE??? - about BCG and Dermo-Jet, France\]
\[SOURCE???\] \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

R. Martin du Pan. Le Dermo-Jet peut**-**t'il rendre des services en
Médecine Militaire? Journal trimestriel des Officiers Suisses du service
de Santé \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

R. Martin du Pan. La vaccination contre la variole par le Dermo-Jet.
IVème congrés International pour les maladies infectieuses. YEAR???
CITY??? ABSTRACT??? SPONSOR??? \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

Ch. Merieux, J. Liautaud, R. Plan, R. Triau. VIème congrés national de
transfusion sanguine, Préparation d'une gammaglobuline humaine
spécifique du tétanos \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

Luis M. Mirande, Jorge A. Valera & Carlos A.Perroni. Nuestra experiencia
con el Dermo-Jet del Dr Krantz Archives Argentines de Dermatologie.
\[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

Dr Schweiz. Serum & Impfinstitut Bern. Vaccination BCG \[NOT IN
MEDLINE\]

F. Vasquez & C. Quevedo. Clinica La Alinaza, Barcelone. Technique
originale du traitement sclérosant des hémorroides \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

G.N. Wachs & T. A. Tromovitch. Cutis/Original Article. Treatment of
Alopecia Areata with the Dermo-Jet \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

M. Wolinger. Compte rendu (de ????). Notre experience avec le Dermo-Jet
du Dr Krantz \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

Xguyen Dinh Huong. Tiem Phong Lao Bang PhuOng Phap Dermo Jet. TITLE???
YEAR??? VOL??? PAGES??? \[NOT IN MEDLINE\]

## RELATED-SUBJECT ARTICLES NOT SPECIFICALLY "NEEDLE-FREE"

Chippaux JP, Soula G, Campagne G, Rey M, et al. Optimiser la riposte aux
épidémies de méningite à méningocoque: rapport d\'un atelier d\'experts
réunis au CERMES (12 au 14 janvier 1998, Niamey, Niger). Atelier de
Niamey \[Optimizing the response to epidemics of meningococcal
meningitis: report of a workshop of experts at CERMES (Niamey, Niger,
12th to 14th January 1998)\]. Cahiers Santé May**-**Jun
1998;8(3):245**-**248.

## DEVICE & MANUFACTURER ROSTER

## (past & current, listed by device tradename)

**Accell®** (see **Helios**™)

**Advantajet™**, **Freedom Jet™**, **GentleJet™**, (identical to
**PreciJet™, Preci-Jet 50®**)

> See: Bareille1997, Hartikka2001,
>
> <http://www.advantajet.com/index.html>
>
> Activa Brand Products -- c/o Tube-Fab, Inc. **Mississauga Facility.**
> Eric Foley - Vice President of Operations,
> [[efoley@tube-fab.com]{.underline}](mailto:efoley@tube-fab.com), 6845
> Davand Drive, Mississauga Ontario L5T 1L4, Phone 905-565-0223 Fax
> 905-565-0065. **Charlottetown Facility**, Phillip Rafuse - Business
> Manager Atlantic Canada,
> [[prafuse@tube-fab.com]{.underline}](mailto:prafuse@tube-fab.com), 36
> Fourth Street, Charlottetown PEI C1E 2B3, Phone 902-566-3229 Fax
> 902-629-1404
>
> USA distributor: Carousel Medical Systems, Inc.
> ([http://www.carouselmed.com](http://www.carouselmed.com/)), 7343 Surf
> Drive, Kempton, PA 19529, Tel: +1 866-640-6890, Fax: +1 703-935-7530.
>
> \[Former manufacturers: Advanced Medical Technologies, Charlottetown,
> Prince Edward Island, Canada. Later: Health**-**Mor Personal Care
> Corp. 185 East North Street, Bradley, Illinois 60915,
> 815-932**-**5570, fax 815-932**-**4101, bought back by Canadian
> company in 1998.\]

**Agro-Jet®** (see **Med-Jet**™)

**Am-O-Jet**™

> See: Hoffman2001 (injector A)
>
> American Jet Injector, Inc., 880 Orchard Lane, Lansdale, PA
> 19446-4520,
>
> Tel: (215) 362-4815, Fax: (215) 362-4819, pager: 800-609-7231
>
> Orifice: .005 inch = 0.127mm
>
> Same out-of-patent design as Ped-O-Jet®

**Avant Guardian™ 101**

Avant Medical Corporation, 3914 Kendall Street, San Diego, CA 92109

FDA 510(k) no. K024018 (<http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf2/k024018.pdf>)

**Avijet** (see **Syrijet Mark IV**) **Avijet** (Merial) -- see Endos
Pharma **Vaccijet Electrique**

> See: Eidson1976
>
> (Mizzy, Inc., New York, NY?), Endos Pharma, Laons, France (Vaccijet
> technology acquired by Antares Pharma)
>
> VIDEO:
> <http://br.merial.com/avicultores/suporte_tecnico/avijet/avijet.asp>

**Berijet**

> Behring, Frankfurt Germany
>
> See: Zachoval1988

**BI-100™, BI-100a™, BI-100b™, BI-1, BI-1M™, BI-2, BI-3, BIP-4, BI-8,
BI-19, ISI-1, США** \[**SShA**\]

\[see: **HSI-500™, Pulse™ 200**\]

> See: Agafonov-multiple years, Saltykov1971, Vorob'ev1972 (photos),
> Lebedinskii1979, Lev1972, Lev1972e, Nikiforov1974, Loktev1980,
> Rudenko1984, Iatskova1988, Levina1988, Vasil\'eva1988, Efimov1989,
> Gorbatov1989, Provotorov1990a,b,c Anonymous1991, Provotorov1991,
> Gapochko1992, Evstigneev1994, Lukin1997, FedLabs2003, Khitrov2005
>
> Chemical Automatics Design Bureau (KB Khimavomatiki), Voronezh, Russia
> <http://www.chimavtomatika.ru/>. Technology developed at Всесоюзном
> научно-исследовательском институте хирургической аппаратуры и
> инструментов (ВНИИХАИ) \[All-Union Scientific Research Institute of
> Surgical Equipment and Tools (VNIIKHAI)\], also known as Scientific &
> Research Institute of Surgical Instruments and Equipment (engineers
> L.F. Banacov, S.P. Vanjushin, and m.M. Trusov).
>
> MedEquipment, Russki Most Management
>
> In 1998, rights to 17 Russian injectors purchased from entities above
> by:

**Felton Medical, Inc. and Felton Medical International**

> 11535 West 83rd Terrace, Lenexa, Kansas (KS) 66214
>
> Tel: \[+1\] (913) 599**-**5959, Fax: \[+1\] (913) 599**-**0909,
> felton@wws.com
>
> <http://www.feltonint.com/>
>
> <http://www.feltonmedical.com/>
>
> <http://www.path.org/files/htup-JetInjector.pdf>
>
> <http://cisa1.lanl.gov/Forms/Alan.pdf>
>
> <http://www.kcp.com/servlet/Content/newsroom/PRView.ep?story=BSDNACANAWHSICSNASHA6A2KBW&archived=1>

**Biojector™ 2000, Iject™** (see **Vitajet**^®^)

> See: Monroe1992, Jackson1993, Davis1994, Greenberg1994, Greenberg1995,
> Baer1996, Davis1996, Fish1996, Gerbert1996, Williams1996,
> Anonymous1997, Florentine1997, Gardner1997, Matheï1997, Bennett1998,
> Gramzinski1998, Phero1998, Smith1998, Bioject1999, Marshall1999,
> Zsigmond1999a, Zsigmond1999b, Cartier2000, Ledwith2000, Manam2000,
> Marshall2000, Perricone2000, Williams2000, Amara2001, Aguiar2001,
> Baizer2001, Evans2001, Hartikka2001, Jackson2001, Mossman2001,
> Singh2001, Wang2001, Epstein2002, Evans2002, O'Neill2002, Schramm2002,
> Timmerman2002, Babiuk2003, Buge2003, Harrop2003, Mossman2003,
> Mumper2003, Raviprakash2003, Trimble2003, Fine2004, Koenig2004,
> Stout2004, Wyatt2004, Adamo2005, Benedek2005, Brave2005, Choi2005,
> Nicolau2005, Rao2006, Sadagopal2005, Wang2005, Graham2006,
> Giudice2006, Harris2006a, Harris2006b, Martin2006, Sheets2006a,
> Sheets2006b, Catanzaro2007, Tavel2007, Yoong2007, Hallermalm2007,
> Boyer-Chuanroong-undated, Herbst-undated, Stone-undated,
> Schultz-undated,
>
> <http://www.bioject.com/>, <http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf/K960373.pdf>
>
> Bioject Inc., 20245 SW 95th Ave., Tualatin, OR, USA 97062-7541)
>
> FDA 510(k) nos. K920631 and K960373
> (<http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf/k960373.pdf>)

[BIOJECTOR ORIFICES:]{.underline} [inches]{.underline} [mm]{.underline}
[Indication]{.underline}

cartridge #2 (green 1502100) = 0.0039 inch 0.10 mm SC (ID with
investigational 2cm spacer)

cartridge #3 (brown 1503100) = 0.0059 inch 0.15 mm IM thigh - infants
15-20\" height, 0-15 lbs. weight;

IM deltoid - 21-47\"/16-50 lbs

cartridge #4 (blue 1504100) = 0.0078 inch 0.20 mm IM thigh/gluteus
21-47\"/16-75 lbs.

IM deltoid children \>50 lbs, small adults (\<80% median lean weight for
height)

cartridge #5 (silver 1505100) = 0.0098 inch 0.25 mm IM deltoid average
adults (80-120% median lean weight for height)

cartridge #7 (red 1507100) = 0.0142 inch 0.36 mm IM deltoid large adults
(\>120% median lean weight for height)

**Biostar**

> Biostar, Inc., 343-111 Research Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N
> 3R2, Canada,
>
> Tel: \[1\](306) 931-7500, Fax: \[1\](306) 242-9010,
>
> email: jmanns@innovplace.saskatoon.sk.ca

**Cool.Click**^®^**, SeroJet**™

> Serono International S.A., 15bis, chemin des Mines, Case postale 54,
> CH-1211 Geneva 20, Tel: +41-22-739 3000, Fax: +41-22-731 2179
>
> (Injector manufactured by Bioject, Inc. using VitaJet^®^ design)

**Crossject**

> Crossject S.A.
>
> 12 quai Henri IV, 75004 Paris, France
>
> Tel: (+33) 1 48 04 67 45, Fax: (+33) 1 48 04 67 23
>
> <info@crossject.com>
>
> Created in 2001 with partners: **SNPE group** (energy materials and
> fine chemicals), **Federa** (aseptic filling and phamaceutical
> development), **Schott/Forma Vitrum** (glass drug container), and
> **Bertin** (specific engineering technology skills).

**DCI, Inc.**

> See **LectraJet**™

**Dentjector®**

> Robbins Instruments Company, Chatham, NJ 07928
>
> See advertisement and photograph on page 97 after Greenfield1972
> article.

**Derata Medi-Jector V**

> see **Medi-Jector** (below)
>
> Depuy, Inc., 700 Orthopaedic Drive, Warsaw, IN 46581-0988,
>
> Fax: 219**-**267**-**7196, Sales: 219**-**267**-**8143,
> 800**-**366**-**8143

**Dermo-Jet**™ \[**Dermojet**\], **VACCI-JET** (France)

(various models)

> See: Krantz1959, Stephens1962 \[photo\], Spiess1964, Bleasdale1965,
> Juel-Jensen1965, Rey1965a, Schön1965 \[photos\], Calvert1966,
> Cooper1966, Lane1966, Martin-du-Pan1966, Jeanneret1967, Rey1967,
> Shapiro1967 \[photos\], Sherman1967, Krantz1970, tenDam1970,
> Welty1970, Griffiths1971, Bakhur1972, Rey1972, Steinbrocker1973,
> Bonner1973, Lachapelle1977, FernándezdeCorres1982, Lachapelle1982a,
> Lachapelle1982b, Kok1983, Lachapelle1985, Dimache1986, Mihailescu1989,
> Dimache1991a, Dimache1991b, Brodell1995, Furth1995b, Dimache1997,
> Naumann1998, Vadoud-Seyedi2000,
>
> Société AKRA, 23 bis rue Louis Barthou, Pau, FRANCE 64000, Tel:
> \[+33\] 59 274746, Fax: \[+33\] 59 272270,
> [http://www.dermojet.com](http://www.dermojet.com/),
> <http://www.chez.com/dermojet/>,
> [dermojet@club_internet.fr](mailto:dermojet@club-internet.fr)
>
> Previous U.S. distributor: Louis A. Awamy, 113 Sheraden Avenue, Staten
> Island, New York 10314.
>
> (Orifice = 0.2mm = 200um)

**Dermo-Jet, DermoJet, Dermo Jet** (United Kingdom distributor)

See Bleasdale1965, Shapiro1967 \[photos\[

> Schuco International London Ltd., Lyndhurst Avenue, London, N12 0NE,
> United Kingdom, Tel: +44 (0) 20 8368.1642, Fax: +44 (0) 20 8361.3761,
> <Sales@schuco.co.uk>,
> [http://www.schuco.co.uk](http://www.schuco.co.uk/),
> <http://www.schuco.co.uk/showindex.asp?cat=30>,
> [http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/Pages/Injector%20Info.asp](http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/Pages/Injector Info.asp),
> [http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/DermoJet%20Bulletin.pdf](http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/DermoJet Bulletin.pdf)
>
> Previous licensee of French/dealer: Mill-Bilt Equipment Co, Scotland

**Dermojet, Dermo-jet** (Romania)

> model S-591-H (perhaps others)
>
> no. 106078 B1 OSIM Romania
>
> Manufactured by Aerotech S.A., Hydraulic and Pneumatic Equipments,
> Bucharest, Romania (see Dimache1997).
>
> Ormont Drug and Chemical (see Shen1981)

**E-Jet 600**™ jet injector (**E-Jet 100**™ needle-free lancet)

> Eurojet Medical, Kft., Orion u. 14, H-1214 Budapest, Hungary
>
> Mail address: P.O. Box 105, H-7201 Dombóvár, Hungary
>
> Tel: \[+36\] 1 427-0313, -0314, -0315; Fax: \[+36\] 74 460-854;
> info@ejm.hu; <http://www.ejm.hu/>
>
> Canadian-Hungarian joint venture

**EMS/MPM** (see **Swiss Injector®)**

**EMS/RPM** (see **Swiss Injector®**)

**Genesis Medical Systems, Inc. (See Sensa-Jet)**

**Genotropin® ZipTip™** (See **ZipTip™,** below)

**Glide™**

> Glide Pharmaceutical Technologies Limited ("Glide Pharma"), 45B,
> Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RU, UK
>
> Tel: +44 (0) 8700 853700, Fax: +44 (0) 8700 853704
>
> E-mail: charles.potter@glidepharma.com
>
> http://www.glidepharma.com
>
> Formerly known as the ImplaJect^®^ device, developed by Caretek
> Medical, Ltd.
> ([www.caretekmedical.co.uk](http://www.caretekmedical.co.uk/)), which
> announced its corporate name change to Glide Pharmaceutical
> Technologies, Ltd. in September 2006.

**GunA**

See: Cartier2000

Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany

"Designed and constructed by P.A.F."

**Helios™** "gene gun"

> (related **Accell®** \[Agracetus, Madison WI\] and **Biolistic® PDS
> 1000/He** bombardment systems) (Device limited by
> licensing/patent/licensing restrictions to non-human usage.)
>
> See: Williams1991, Fynan1993, Livingston1995, Pertmer1995, Haynes1996,
> Feltquate1997, Ren2002
>
> Bio-Rad, Inc., [http://www.bio_rad.com,](http://www.bio-rad.com/) Life
> Science Research Group, 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547,
> Tel: (510) 741**-**1000, toll free 1**-**(800) 424 6723, Fax: (510)
> 741**-**5800, toll free fax: 1**-**(800) 879 2289, telex: 335**-**358.

**HSI-500™** , **Pulse™ 200, BI-3M™** \[see: **BI-100™**, etc.\]

See: Giudice2006,

> Felton Medical, Inc. and Felton Medical International
>
> 11535 West 83rd Terrace, Lenexa, Kansas (KS) 66214
>
> <http://www.feltonmedical.com/>
>
> <http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf/k013256.pdf>
>
> <http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf4/k041280.pdf>

**Hypospray**^®^, **Hypospray^®^ Professional** model, **Hypospray^®^ K,
K2, K3** models

> See: Hingson1947, Anonymous1948, Figge1948, Hingson1948a,b, Hirsh1948,
> Hughes1948, Hingson1949, Hughes1949a (photo), Hughes1949b,
> Larrick1949, Perkin1950 (photo), Hingson1952, Ziff1956, Towle1960
> \[photos\], Barrett1962, Hertzberger1964, Spiess1964, Clark1965 (model
> K), Cockburn1965, Cunningham1965, Schön1965 \[photos\], Calafiore1966,
> Garbsch1966, Lenz1966, Weller1966, Baum1967, Morse1967, Spiess1968,
> Wright1968 (photo), Davies1969, Hughes1969a (photo), Hughes1969b
> (photo), Helm1969, Gross1970, Welty1970, Neumann1973, Werner1974,
> Vadhera1975, Clarke1975, Horn1975, Linder1979, WHO1980, Briel1981
> (german mfg., see below)
>
> Hypospray and Hypospray Professional models: Manufacturer: R.P Scherer
> Corp, Detroit, MI, 1933-1998
> ([http://www.rpscherer.com](http://www.rpscherer.com/)), absorbed in
> 1998 into drug delivery unit of Cardinal Health
> (<http://www.cardinal.com/pts/content/delivery>)
>
> British distributor: Crookes Laboratory, Basingstoke (Wright1968)
>
> "Metapule" orifice = 0.003 - 0.005 inch = 0.076 - 0.127 mm (75-80um =
> 0.003)
>
> Hypospray K3 model manufacturer: Messer Griesheim GmbH (subsequently
> became BIT Analytical Instruments GmbH, 65824 Schwalbach, Germany)

**Hypospray K3**

Briel1981,

> Hypospray K3 model manufacturer: Messer Griesheim GmbH (subsequently
> became BIT Analytical Instruments GmbH, 65824 Schwalbach, Germany)

**Hyjettor**

> See: Linder1979, WHO1980
>
> Tokyo Sokuhan Co., Ltd. (now Nidec Tosok Corporation), Japan
> (<http://www.tosok.co.jp/gaiyo/e_gaiyo.html>)

**Iject™** (see **Biojector^®^ 2000**)

**Imo-Jet**™, **Im-O-Jet**™, **I.M.-O-JET**™ (Also see **Mini-Imojet**®)

> See: Greenwood1980, Whittle1987, Rey1989, Galy1992
>
> *multiple-use-nozzle* jet injector device
>
> Institut Mérieux, Lyon, France

**ImplaJect^®^** (see Glide™)

**Injet-100**

> Injet Medical Products, Inc., 22500 Muirlands Boulevard, Lake Forest,
> CA 92630

**INJEX^®^ 30, INJEX^®^ 50, ROJEX™ ZipTip™** (see **Genotropin**^®^)

> See: Sarno2000, Harsch2001, Sarno2002, Dorr2003 Dörr2003 (ZipTip),
> Geenen2004, Wagner2004, Giudice2006, Zarzecka2007,
>
> INJEX - Equidyne Systems, Inc. (subsidiary of HNS International,
> Inc.), 17662 Irvine Blvd., Suite 20, Tustin, CA 92780, Tel: 1 (949)
> 496-1899, 1 (714) 508-6408, Fax: 1 (714) 508-6409,
> [http://www.injex.com](http://www.injex.com/) ,
> [http://www.equidyne.com](http://www.equidyne.com/),
> <http://www.pharma.it/eng/injex.htm>
>
> Formerly American Electromedics Corporation. Equidyne held partial
> stake in Rösch AG Medizintechnik, Germany, which developed and
> obtained US FDA 510-k (#020786, 2002) for INJEX and ROJEX devices for
> growth hormone application.
> <http://www.kressdesign.com/equidyne/about-releases.html>
> <http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=55834>
> <http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-92259074.html>
>
> Introduced to US market \~2000.

**Intraject**™

> ~~Weston Medical, Ltd. New Street, Stradbroke, Eye, Suffolk, England
> 1P21 5JG, UK, Tel: \[+44\] (1379) 383-900, Fax: \[+44\] (1379) 384-800
> .[http://www.weston-medical.com](http://www.weston-medical.com/)~~
>
> Acquired by Aradigm Corporation,
> <http://www.aradigm.com/tech/intraject.html>

**Isajet™** (see **Mesoflash®**)

See: Haensler1999

**Ject-Aid** \[?? NOT YET CONFIRMED AS "NEEDLE-FREE" ??\]

Past addresses:

Autoject Systems, Inc., Oakwood Centre, 620 Wheat Lane, Oakdale, IL
60191 USA ???

> Injectec, Inc., 11278 Los Alamitos Blvd, Suite 202, Los Alamitos, CA
> 90720 USA ???

**J-Tip®**, **J-Tip® Injector System**

> See: Keshtgar1999a, Keshtgar1999b, Cooper2000, Hollingsworth2000,
> Lysakowski2003, Lysakowski2004, Stephens2003, Fine2004, Cigna2006,
> Jimenez2006,
>
> US Patent no. 4,913,699
>
> National Medical Products (Tim Chapman), 57 Parker Street, Irvine, CA
> 92618
>
> Tel: \[+1\] (949) 768-1147, Fax: \[+1\] (949) 768-1167, info@jtip.com
>
> [http://www.jtip.com](http://www.jtip.com/)
>
> (Formerly: California Medical Innovations, Inc., 24121 Big Timber
> Street, Lake Forest, CA 92630)
>
> 0.5 mL device: orifice size 0.008 inch (0.2 mm)
>
> 0.25 mL device: orifice size 0.006 inch (0.15 mm)

**LectraJet™** (tentative, *inter alia*)

> See: Carter2003, Giudice2006 (photo),
>
> D\'Antonio Consultants International (DCI), Inc.
>
> 6308 Fly Road, E. Syracuse, NY 13057
>
> Tel:(315)463-4999 Fax: (315)463-5267 Email: rdci1@twcny.rr.com
>
> [**Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.**]()
>
> US patents 5080648, 5318522, and US5569190

**"Low-force Injector", GunA**

> See: Furth1995b, Cartier2000
>
> Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
> (designed and constructed by Priscilla A. Furth)
>
> "Selected parts of a Dermo-Jet (Bodo Schmidt GmbH, Göttingen, Germany)
> were used in the construction of the Low-force injector."

**MadaJet™, MadaJet XL ™**

> See: Field1985, Lamm1985, Nathan1986, Kaplan1987, Wenger1990,
> Seyam1997, Sawamura1999, Munshi2000, Davis2001, Wilson2001,
> Hawkins2002, Monoski2006
>
> MADA Medical Products, Inc.
>
> <http://www.madainternational.com/us/menu_us.html>
>
> US:
>
> MADA Equipment Co., Inc.
>
> 60 Commerce Road, Carlstadt, NJ 07072, USA
>
> Tel: 1**-**201**-**460**-**0454, Fax: 1**-**201**-**460**-**3509, Toll
> Free: 1**-**800**-**526**-**6370
>
> 110522.1404@compuserve.com
>
> International:
>
> MADA International, Ltd.
>
> 11430 N. Kendall Drive Suite 312, Miami, FL 33176, USA
>
> Tel: 1**-**305**-**274**-**2184, Fax: 1**-**305**-**274**-**2692,
> info@madainternational.com

**Med-E-Jet**™ (**Pow'r-Ject™** - veterinary application)

> See: Cohn1972, Cohn1974, CDC1977, Neufeld1977, McKenzie1978 (modified
> with photograph), Glosemeyer1979, Linder1979, MedEJet1979, Cooke1980,
> WHO1980, Pepall1981, Seddon1981 \[good photo\], Seddon1984, CDC1986,
> WHO1986, WHO1988, Canter1990, WHO1993a, CDC1994, Vahlsing1994,
> Zsigmond1995a Zsigmond1995b, CDC/WHO1996, Zsigmond1996, WHO1997b,
> WHO1997c, Zsigmond1997, Zsigmond1999a, Zsigmond1999b, Hoffman2001
> (injector D),
>
> Current owner: Donald Kuch, 8092 Olmway Avenue, Olmsted Falls, Ohio
> 44138, Tel: 1-800-231-4203, tel: 440-235-2279, fax: 440-235-2247).
>
> Prior owner: "**Med-E-Jet Inoculator**", Evans Enterprise, 1293 Sunset
> Road, Mayfield Heights, Ohio 44124 USA, tel: (440) 473**-**1110, fax:
> (440) 473**-**1150, Evans@star21.com
>
> Prior owner: Med-E-Jet Corporation, 12900 (later 12640) Trisket Road,
> Cleveland, Ohio 44115
>
> orifice size: 0.15mm (Seddon1981)

**MEDiVAX**™

> See: Hoffman2001 (injector B)
>
> Air-powered from foot pump. On-tool vials pumped into
> disposable-cartridge dose chamber.
>
> Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (collaboration with
> Vitajet Corp.)
>
> 4 Nickerson Street, Seattle, Washington
>
> Orifice = 0.006 inch
>
> [http://www.path.org](http://www.path.org/)

Med-Jet™, Agro-Jet®
([**http://www.wltdistributors.com/needle.html**](http://www.wltdistributors.com/needle.html)
)

> See: Lamontagne2002, Benohanian2005,BenohanianUndated,
>
> Medical International Technologies (M.I.T.) Inc.
>
> 2281 Guenette, Ville Saint-Laurent
>
> Montréal, Québec H4R 2E9 Canada
>
> Tel: 514-339-9355, Fax: 514-339-2885
>
> kmenassa@mitcanada.ca, marketing@mitcanada.ca

**Medi-Jector, Medi-Jector EZ**®, **Medi-Jector Choice**^®^,
**Medi-Jector VISION**^®^

> See: NeufeldPD1977 \[photo\], Martins1979 \[photo\], Houtzagers1988
> (Medi-Jector II), Denne1992, Delemarre-VandeWaal1995, Partsch1997
> (Medi-Jector IV), Gonzalez1997, Hartikka2001 (Medi-Jector Choice),
> Schwartz (Vision), Velussi (Vision)
>
> Medi-Jector (MUNJI, circa 1970, orifice 0.006" diam, peak pressure 18k
> psi, delivery pressure 2.3k psi \[Martins1979\]).
>
> Medi-Jector IV (circa1987 onwards
>
> Medi-Jector Choice (circa
>
> Medi-Jector Vision (introduced 1999)
>
> <http://www.mediject.com/>
>
> Antares Pharma (corporate site:
> [http://www.antarespharma.com/)](../(http://www.antarespharma.com/))
>
> \[Formerly: Medi**-**Ject Corporation\]
>
> \[Formerly: Daystrol-Scientific, Inc. Minneapolis, MN 55435\]
>
> \[Formerly: Derata Corporation (see Pehling)\]
>
> Former address: 161 Cheshire Lane, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN 55441
> USA (800) 328**-**3074 or (612) 475**-**7700. Fax: (612) 476**-**1009
>
> Latest address: 161 Cheshire Lane, Suite 100, Minneapolis MN 55441
> USA, tel 612-475-7705, fax 612-476-1009

**Mesoflash^®^ M10** and **M40, Isajet™ Isa10** and **Isa40**

> See: Lachapelle1985, Haensler1999
>
> Prolitec SA, rue Gustave Gresse, 26400 Aouste sur Sye, France
>
> Tél (04) 75 76 60 53, Fax (04) 75 76 60 54, pprolitec@compuserve.com
>
> (**Mesoflash**® models M10 and M40, **Isajet**™ models Isa10 \[mice\],
> **Isa40** \[humans\])
>
> Formerly: Béarn Mécanique Aviation S.A. (Boite Postale 41, Lons,
> F-64143 Billère, Cedex France)

**mhi-500**™ (InsulinJet™)

> See: Brown2004, Cann2005
>
> The Medical House PLC, 199 Newhall Road, Attercliffe, Sheffield S9
> 2QJ, United Kingdom, Telephone: +44 (0)114 261 9011, Fax: +44 (0)114
> 243 1597. info@insulinjet.com,
> [http://www.insulinjet.com](http://www.insulinjet.com/),
> [http://www.themedicalhouse.com](http://www.themedicalhouse.com/)

(Adaptation of VitaJet^®^ design and intellectual property under license
from Bioject. Inc.)

**Mini-Imojet**® (using **Imule**® cartridge) (also see **Imo-Jet**)

> See: Galy1992, Spiegel1994a, Fisch1996, Parent du Châtelet1997,
> Schlumberger1999, Giudice2006
>
> Pasteur-Mérieux Sérums et Vaccins (Pasteur Merieux Connaught, Rhône
> Poulenc, later Aventis Pasteur): Dr. Jean Lang:
> lang@bdr.pasteur-merieux.fr, 58 avenue Leclerc - B.P. 7046, 69348
> LYON, Cedex 07 FRANCE, Tel: (33) 7273 7036, Fax: (33) 72 73 78 13

**Mini-Ject**™

> See: Rao2006
>
> Valeritas, LLC (becomes Valeritas, Inc. in 2007), a wholly-owned
> subsidiary of Biovalve, Technologies, Inc., Westborough, MA 01581, USA
>
> [http://www.valeritas.com](http://www.valeritas.com/),
> [http://www.biovalve.com](http://www.biovalve.com/),
> <http://www.mpmcapital.com/Flash/portfolio/biovalve.html>

**Omnijet**

> MUNJI manufactured in Brazil circa 1970s/1980. Developed by Sergio
> Landau.
>
> Vitajet Indústria e Comércio Ltda, Rua Belisário Pen, 688, Rio de
> Janeiro 21020, Brazil, Tel : \[021\] 270-5747, Telex: (021) 35487 VJET

**Pan-Jet**, **PanJet, Panjet-70, Panjet Mark 5 ("Intrajet")**

> See: British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Assocation 1971, Stanfield1972,
> Stanfield1975 \[photo\], Paul1978, Lambrianidis1979, Sowray1981,
> Berry1981, Parker1984, Whittle1987
>
> SHUCO International London, Ltd., Lyndhurst Avenue, London, N12 0NE,
> Tel: +44 (0) 20 8368.1642, Fax: +44 (0) 20 8361.3761,
> <Sales@schuco.co.uk>,
> [http://www.schuco.co.uk](http://www.schuco.co.uk/),
> <http://www.schuco.co.uk/showindex.asp?cat=53>,
> [http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/Pages/Injector%20Info.asp](http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/Pages/Injector Info.asp)
>
> Former U.S. distributor: Panray Division, Ormont Drug and Chemical
> Co., South Dean Street, Englewood, New Jersey 07631.

**Pchelka** jet injector (Russia)

See: Uglovoi1975

**Ped-O-Jet**® (successor of **Press-O-Jet**)

> See: Warren1955, Elisberg1956, Benenson1959, Gateff1960s/1970s,
> Hertzberger1964, Meyer1964, Meyer1964b, Millar1964, Kutscher1965,
> Meyer1965, Hendrickse1966a, Hendrickse1966b, Artus1966, Meyer1966a,
> Meyer1966b, Weibel1966, Kalabus1966, DoD1967, Kalabus1967, Bettag1967,
> Budd1967, Morse1967, Rey1967, Gateff1968, Dull1968, Davies1969,
> Millar1969a, Millar1969b, Neff1969, Chambon1970a/b/c, Gateff1970,
> Fillastre1970, Welty1970, Labusquiere1971, Millar1971,
> Gotschlich1972a, Gotschlich1972b, Rey1972, Carnus1973, Rey1973,
> Rubin1973, AmatoNeto1974, Carnus1974, Machado1976, Neufeld1977,
> Triau1979, Mohammed1981, Lemon1983, Pluciennik1985, Fenner1988,
> Hoke1988, Ped-O-Jet-International1991, CDC1992, Furth1992, DoD1994,
> Furth1995a, Furth1995b, Jenkins1995, Cartier2000, Souto2001,
> Carter2003, *inter alia*
>
> U.S. patents no. 3,057,349, 3,140,713, 4,103,684
>
> Current Ped-O-Jet manufacturer registration at FDA:
>
> <http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfRL/registration.cfm?ID=16128>
>
> MYCONE DENTAL SUPPLY CO., INC.
>
> 616 hollywood ave. cherry hill,  NJ 08002\
> **Registration Number:** 2280629\
> **Operations:**  Initial Distributor, Contract Manufacturer,
> Repackager/Relabeller, Manufacturer\
> **Status:** Active\
> **Date of Registration Status:** 2005\
> \
> **Owner/Operator:**\
> MYCONE DENTAL SUPPLY CO., INC.\
> 616 hollywood ave. cherry hill, NJ 08002\
> **Owner/Operator Number:** 9007845\
> \
> **Official Correspondent:**\
> robin pluese\
> KEYSTONE INDUSTRIES\
> 616 hollywood ave. cherry hill, NJ 08002\
> **Phone:** 856-663-4700
>
> Manufacturer/distributed by Ped-O-Jet International - Keystone
> Industries, 616 Hollywood Avenue, Cherry Hill, NJ 08002, Tel:
> 609-663-4700, Fax: 609-663-0381, nkeystone@aol.com
>
> Previous manufacturers of Ped-O-Jet and forerunner devices (reverse
> chronological order):
>
> \(1\) Stirn Industries, Dayton NJ (US production, French ownership)
>
> \(2\) Vernitron Medical Products, Inc., Carlstadt, NJ; Vernitron
> Corporation, Farmingdale, NY
>
> \(3\) Scientific Equipment Manufacturing Corporation (SEMCO), Lodi,
> New Jersey; and also Larchmont, New York (previous name "Hypodermic
> jet injection apparatus, automatic")
>
> \(4\) Medicinal Equipment Development Laboratory, Fort Totten, NY
> (Aaron Ismach, Chester Eppley; see Benenson1959a)
>
> \(5\) Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC (COL
> Abram S. "Bud" Benenson, LT COL R.B. Lindberg, CAPT Adrian D. Mandel,
> Joel Warren, Frank A. Ziherl, Arthur W. Kish, Charles E. Buckler; see
> Benenson1959a)
>
> Intramuscular and intradermal nozzle orifice diameters: .005 inch =
> 0.127mm

**PenJet™**

> (US patents 5,730,723 & 5,851,198)
>
> Visionary Medical Products Corporation; Penjet**™**
>
> Box 6911, Beverly Hills, CA 90212, Tel: 310-201-0800, info@vmpc.com
>
> <http://www.vmpc.com/>

**Porton Jet Injector (**aka **Porton Needle-less Injector),
Port-O-Jet**

> See: Moynahan1965, White1969 (x-ray), Darlow1970, Thomas1971,
> Vibes1971, Gaylarde1972, Abell1973a, Abell1973b, Abell1973c,
> Bleeker1974, Payler1974, Bleeker1975, Verbov1976 \[good photo\],
>
> Porton Microbiological Research Establishment, Porton Down, Wiltshire,
> UK.

**Powderject™**, **PowderJect ND5.2**

> See: Dégano1998, Duckworth1998, Dean2004, Lahm2006, Giudice2006,
>
> PowderMed (Oxford, UK),
> [http://www.powdermed.com](http://www.powdermed.com/)
>
> Needle-free epidermal powder immunization technology spun off by
> Chiron Corporation ([http://www.chiron.com](http://www.chiron.com/))
> upon acquisition of Powderject Vaccines in 2003
>
> Formerly PowderJect Vaccines, Inc., 585 Science Drive, Madison WI
> 53711, Tel 608-231-3150, Fax 608-231-6990,
> <http://www.powderject.com/>, russ_smestad@powderject.com,
> lendon_payne@powderject.com
>
> Formerly Geniva/Oxford Bio Sciences Ltd.

**Pow'r-Ject™** (see **Med-E-Jet**™)

**Preci-Jet 50**® (See **Advantajet**)

> See: Theintz1990, Bareille1997, Denne1992, Inoue1996, Sugibayashi2000
>
> Identical to **AdvantaJet**® etc. (see above)
>
> Activa Brand Products, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada (successor to
> Equipement Moniteur, Inc., Montreal, Canada; then Advanced Medical
> Technologies, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1E 1B0 Canada;
> then Health**-**Mor Personal Care Corp. Bradley, Illinois)

**Press-O-Jet** (forerunner of **Ped-O-Jet**)

> See: Warren1955 \[photos\], Hingson1957 \[diagram\], Anderson1958,
> Lipson1958, Barclay1962, Hingson1963, Lawton1964, Veronesi1966a,
> Welty1970,
>
> Developed by: Joel Warren (WRAIR), F. Ziherl, A.W. Kish, and L.A.
> Ziherl
>
> Made by Z. & W. Manufacturing Co., Wickliffe, OH; formerly Z&W Machine
> Products Company, Cleveland OH, Acquired in 1965 by Parker Hanifin
> Corporation ([http://www.parker.com](http://www.parker.com/))
>
> orifice = 0.003 - 0.005 inch = 0.076 - 0.127 mm
>
> 1 mL steel reusable chamber

Past distributors: Scientific Equipment Manufacturing Corporation, 20
North Avenue, Larchmont, NY; Robbins Instruments, Inc., 2 North Passaic
Ave. - Box 441, Chatham, NJ 07928, Tel: (201)635-8972, Fax:
(201)635-8732

**Pro-Jeey 2000**

> Heng Yang Weida Science Technology
>
> 550 West Bus Station Rd.
>
> Heng Yang, China
>
> Tel: +86 73-188-51991, +86 1-397-485593

**Pulse™ 200** (see **HSI-500™**)

(veterinary use)

**Schucojet™** (See Porton Jet)

> SHUCO International London, Ltd., Lyndhurst Avenue, London, N12 0NE,
> Tel: +44 (0) 20 8368.1642, Fax: +44 (0) 20 8361.3761,
> <Sales@schuco.co.uk>,
> [http://www.schuco.co.uk](http://www.schuco.co.uk/),
> [http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/Pages/Injector%20Info.asp](http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/Pages/Injector Info.asp)
> ,
> [http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/SchucoJet%20Parts%20List.pdf](http://www.schuco.co.uk/Information/SchucoJet Parts List.pdf)

**Sensa-Jet™**

> Genesis Medical Technologies, Inc.
>
> Robert E. Jones, President/Director, Suite 400B, 1600 Downing Street,
> Denver, CO 80218, Tel: 303**-**832**-**4909, Fax:
> 303**-**832**-**4919, cell 303-472-2997, genmed@idt.net
>
> Press release:
> <http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/12-22-1998/0000831767&EDATE=>

**SeroJet**™ (see **Cool.Click**^®^)

**ShimaJET**

> See: Konishi2003, Imoto2005
>
> Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
> ([http://www.shimadzu.com](http://www.shimadzu.com/))
>
> [www.shimadzu.co.jp/ep/other/shimajet/shimajettop.html](http://www.shimadzu.co.jp/ep/other/shimajet/shimajettop.html)
>
> <http://asiacorpnet.com/Article.Asp?Art_ID=27556>
>
> <http://www.shimadzu.co.jp/ep/other/shimajet/other/sjkousei.html>

**SICIM** **DG-77 ™** and **JET-2000** models

> See: Consoli1984, Resman1985, Hoffman2001 (injector C)
>
> SICIM s.p.a., Via Aquileia, 94, 34076 Romans d'Isonzo (Gorizia) Italy,
>
> Tel: 39 481 90188/ 39-481 90332, Fax: 39 481 90332)

**SNAP JET®**

> Cambridge Biostability, Ltd.. Sumpter House, 8 Station Road, Histon,
> Cambridge CB4 4LQ United Kingdom
>
> Fax: \[+44\] (1223) 352-960

**SQ-PEN™, SQ-X™**

> Medical House Products Limited, a subsidiary of The Medical House PLC
>
> 199 Newhall Road, Attercliffe, Sheffield, S9 2QJ, UK.
>
> tel: +44 (0)114 261 9011, fax: +44 (0)114 243 1597, info@sq-pen.com

**Swiss Injector^®^, EMS/MPM, EMS/RPM**

See: Cartier2000, Ren2002, Walther2002, Janouskova2003

> EMS Electro Medical Systems, Ch. de la Vuarpillière 31, CH-1260 Nyon,
> Switzerland, Phone +41 22 99 44 700, Fax +41 22 99 44 701, E-mail:
> <welcome@ems-ch.com>,
> [http://www.ems-medical.com](http://www.ems-medical.com/),
> [http://www.ems-dent.com](http://www.ems-dent.com/)
>
> EMS Medical GmbH, Obere Laube 44, 78462 Konstanz, Germany, Tel: +49
> 7531 12860, Fax +49 7531 1286286,
> [info@ems-medical.de](../info@ems-medical.de)

**Syrijet**, **Syrijet Mark IV** (see **Avijet**)

> See: Welty1970, Bennett1971a, Bennett1971b, Bennett1972a,
> Bennett1972b, Greenfield1973, Mott1973, Mott1974, Frymire1974,
> ElGeneidy1974, Hardison1977, Danowski1978, Denne1992, Ellis1993,
> Grau1997, Weintraub1998, Hawkins2002, Lundholm2002,
>
> Mizzy, Inc. - Keystone Industries, Cherry Hill, NJ, 616 Hollywood
> Avenue, Cherry Hill, NJ 08002, Tel: 609-663-4700, Fax: 609-663-0381,
> nkeystone@aol.com
>
> (Formerly, Mizzy, Inc., New York, New York, and Clifton Forge,
> Virginia, USA)

**Tender Touch**

> See: Jovanovic-Peterson1993)
>
> See: **Medi-Jector**, above
>
> Derata Corporation, Derata, MN

**Twinjector EZ**

See: Suzuki1995

Japan Chemical Research

**VACCI-JET** (see **Dermo-Jet**)

> See: Krantz1970.

**Vaccijet électrique, Vaccijet manuel**

Endos Pharma, Laons, France (technology absorbed into Antares Pharma)

**Velodermic™**

> See: Coon1954, Hingson1957, Bremseth2001
>
> Becton, Dickinson & Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ (formerly of
> Rutherford, NJ)

**Vitajet**® , **Vetjet**™ (See **Biojector**, above)

> See: Katoulis1989, Rayman1989, Jackson2001, Schramm2002, Giudice2006
>
> <http://www.vitajet.com/>
>
> Vitajet Corporation,
>
> 27071 Cabot Road, Suite 110, Laguna Hills, CA 92653,
>
> 714**-**582**-**0713, 800**-**848**-**2538)
>
> Vitajet Industria e Comercio
>
> Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
>
> 1998-99: became subsidiary of Bioject, Inc. See **Biojector® 2000**
>
> Vetjet™ is licensed to Merial for delivery to cats of Purevax™ brand
> of feline leukemia virus vaccine

**Wand**

> Milestone Scientific
>
> See: Zarzecka2006

**(Genotropin®) ZipTip** (identical device to Equidyne **INJEX**®, see
above)

> See: Dorr2003 Dörr2003
>
> Needle-free injection system for use with Genotropin® recombinant
> human growth hormone (somatropin).
>
> Drug manufactured by Pharmacia AB, Stockholm, Sweden for Pharmacia &
> Upjohn Company, a subsidiary of Pharmacia Corporation, Kalamazoo, MI
> 49001, USA (Pharmacia merged into Pfizer in 2003).

**Z&W Manufacturing Company**

> See: Warren1955 \[photos\], Hingson1957, Hingson1963
>
> See: **Press-O-Jet**
>
> **Z&W** Manufacturing Company, 1951-1958,
>
> multidose JI
>
> electric powered spring compression, hand-pump syringe compression,

## PATENTS LIST

## (listed by number)

## U.S.A. Patents (Washington, DC: United States Patent Office)

US 569887 Richardson. \[Title: ???\]. Issued October 1896.

US 2025219 Smith. \[Title: ???\]. Issued December 1935.

US 2101140 Hege. \[Title: ???\]. Issued December 1937.

US 2322244 (5?) Lockhart ML. Hypodermic Injector. Issued 22 June 1943.

US 2322245 Lockhart ML. Hypodermic Injector and Method of Use Thereof.
Issued 22 June 1943.

US 2380534 Lockhart ML. Hypodermic Injector. Issued 31 July 1945.

US 2398544 Lockhart M. Hypodermic Injector. Issued 16 April 1946.
Germany patent 1082373

US 2547099 Smoot. \[Title: ???\]. Issued April 1951.

US 2605763 Smoot. \[Title: ???\]. Issued August 1952.

US 2635601 May. \[Title: ???\]. Issued April 1953.

US 2653602 Smoot. \[Title: ???\]. Issued September 1953.

US 2680439 Sutermeister. \[Title: ???\]. Issued June 1954.

US 2704542 Scherer RP. \[Title: ???\]. Issued 22 March 1955.

US 2704543 Scherer RP. \[Title: ???\]. Issued March 1955.

US 2754818 Scherer RP. \[Title: ???\]. Issued July 1956.

US 2762370 Venditty. \[Title: ???\]. Issued September 1956.

US 2764977 Ferguson (Becton, Dickinson). Hypodermic injection mechanism.
Issued October 2, 1956

US 2816543 Venditty. \[Title: ???\]. Issued December 1957.

US 2816544 Scherer RP, et al. \[Title: ???\]. Issued December 1957.

US RE024419 Ziherl, et al. \[Title: ???\]. Issued January 1958.

US 3123070 Kath AW. Multidose jet Injector. Issued 3 March 1964
\[multi-dose, high-speed Hypospray®\].

US 3130723 Venditty. \[Title: ???\]. Issued April 1964.

US 3057349 Ismach. \[Title: ???\]. Issued December 1957.

US 3140713 Ismach, Aaron. Intradermal nozzle for jet injection devices.
Issued 14 July 1964.

US 3202151 Kath AW. Multidose jet Injector. Issued 24 August 1965
\[multi-dose, high-speed Hypospray®\].

US 3292621 Banker OH. \[Title: ???\]. Issued December 1966.
\[Med-E-Jet®\]

US 3292622 Banker OH. \[Title: ???\]. Issued December 1966.
\[Med-E-Jet®\]

US 3301190 \[Applicant: ???\]\[Title: ???\] (Ped-O-Jet®: Vernitron,
Carlstadt, NJ ???)

US 3561443 Banker OH. Inoculator gun with delayed action. Issued 9
February 1971. \[Med-E-Jet®\]

US3605745 9 /1971 Hodosh

US3640277 2 /1972 Adelberg Medical liquid administration device

US 3688765 Gasaway JS. Hypodermic injection device. Issued 5 September
1972.

US3690318 9 /1972 Gorsuch. Apparatus for parenteral fluid infusion
provided with variable flow control means

US 3695266 Lussier MG. Needleless sequential dosing syringe. Issued 3
October 1972.

US 3802430 Schwebel et al. Disposable pyrotechnically powered injector.
Issued 9 April 1974.

US 3853125 Clark WD, Hollenbeck KE. Disposable needleless injector.
Issued 10 December 1974.

US 3908651 Fudge RG (Applicant: Daystrol-Scientific, Inc.) Medicament
injection device. Issued 30 September 1975.

US 3945383 Bennett, Russell B; Millicovsky, William; Pritz, Howard B
(Applicant: SmithKline Corporation). Unit dose ampul for jet injector.
Issued 23 March 1976.

US 4059107 11 /1977 Iriguchi et al. Two step type pressurized injector

US 4065230 12 /1977 Gezari Reciprocating infusion pump and directional
adapter set for use therewith

US 4090512 Doherty NR, Doherty RF. Device for spring**-**loading a
needleless innoculator. Issued 23 May 1978.

US D248,568 Ismach, Aaron. Animal intradermal nozzle for jet injection
device. Issued 18 July 1978.

US 4103684 Ismach, Aaron. Hydraulically powered hypodermic injector with
adapters for reducing and increasing fluid injection force. Issued 1
August 1978.

US 4150672 4 /1979 Whitney et al. Injection device and method

US 4165800 Doherty NR, Doherty RF. Device for spring**-**loading a
needleless innoculator. Issued 28 August 1979.

US 4266541 Landau, Sergio (Applicant: Halen**-**Elliot do Brazil
Industria e Comercio Equipamentos de Precisao Ltda.). Pressure
hypodermic injector for intermittent vaccination. Issued 12 May 1981.

United States Patent 4,342,310

Lindmayer , et al. August 3, 1982

Hydro-pneumatic jet injector

US 4403609 9 /1983 Cohen Vacuum**-**compression injector

US 4411650 10/1983 Piston pump for needle-less injection instruments

US 4421508 12 /1983 Cohen Vacuum**-**compression injector

US 4437859 3 /1984 Whitehouse et al. Hydraulic syringe drive

US 4447225 Taff BE, Stoller KP. Multidose jet injector. Issued 8 May
1984.

US 4518385 5 /1985 Lindmayer et al. Disposable syringe for needleless
injector

US 4596556 Morrow JT, Covey EC (Applicant: Bioject, Inc.). Hypodermic
injection apparatus. Issued 24 June 1986.

US 4623332 Lindmayer I, Menassa K (Applicant: Patents Unlimited Ltd.).
Needleless jet injector. Issued 18 November 1986.

US 4626242 Fejes K, Nagy L (Applicant: Radelkis Elektrokemiai
Muszergyarto Ipari Szovetkezet, Budapest, Hungary). Siphon**-**cartridge
activated automatic inoculating device without needle for individual
acculation \[sic\], e.g. for insulinization. Issued 2 December 1986.

US 4680027 Parsons JS, Gasaway JS (Applicant: Injet Medical Products,
Inc.). Needleless hypodermic injection device. Issued 14 July 1987.

US 4722728 Dixon AJ (Applicant: Patents Unlimited, Ltd.) Issued 2
February 1988.

US 4790824 Morrow JT, Burns M (Applicant: Bioject, Inc.).
Non**-**invasive hypodermic injection device. Issued 13 December 1988.

US 4874367 10 /1989 Edwards Hypodermic jet injector and cartridge
therefor

US 4913699 Parsons JS. Disposable needleless injection system. Issued 3
April 1990. \[J-Tip®\]

US 5024656 6 /1991 Gasaway et al. Gas**-**pressure**-**regulated
needleless injection system

US 5026343 Holzer, Walter. Device for needleless hypodermic injection of
medications. Issued 25 June 1991.

US 5062830 11 /1991 Dunlap Dry disposable nozzle assembly for medical
jet injector

US 5064413 McKinnon, Charles M.; Nakagawa, Takaaki; Wilcox, Carl E.
(Applicant: Bioject, Inc.). Needleless hypodermic injection device.
Issued 12 November 1991.

US 5073165 12 /1991 Edwards Hypodermic jet injector and cartridge
therefor

US 5074843 12 /1991 Dalto et al. Device for subcutaneous injection
without a needle

US 5080648 D\'Antonio NF. Hypodermic Fluid Dispenser. Issued 14 January
1992.

US 5116313 5 /1992 McGregor Variable intensity remote controlled
needleless injectors

US 5190523 3 /1993 Lindmayer Disposable syringe and injector

US 5312335 McKinnon, Charles M.; Nakagawa, Takaaki; Wilcox, Carl E.
(Applicant: Bioject Inc.). Needleless hypodermic injection device.
Issued 17 May 1994.

US 5318522 D\'Antonio NF. Hypodermic Fluid Dispenser. Issued 7 June
1994.

US 5334144 Alchas PG, Prais AW (Applicant: Becton, Dickinson and
Company). Single use disposable needleless injector. Issued 2 August
1994.

US 5383851 McKinnon CN, Peterson SF, Smith PE, Nakagawa T, Bartholomew
VL (Assignee: Bioject, Inc.). Needleless hypodermic injection device.
Issued 24 January 1995.

US 5399163 3 /1995 Peterson et al. Needleless hypodermic injection
methods and device

US 5480381 Weston, Terence E. Needle**-**less injector. Issued 2 January
1996.

US 5501666 Spielberg J (Applicant: Mycone Dental Supply Co.). Issued 26
March 1996.

US 5503627 McKinnon, Charles M; Nakagawa, Takaaki; Wilcox, Carl E
(Applicant: Bioject, Inc.). Ampule for needleless injection. Issued 2
April 1996.

US 5503628 Fetters et al. 04/02/1996 Patient**-**fillable hypodermic jet
injector. Issued 2 April 1996.

US 5505697 McKinnon, Jr. et al. Electrically powered jet injector.
Issued April 1996.

US 5520639 Peterson et al. Needleless hypodermic injection methods and
device. Issued May 1996

US 5569189 Parsons; James S. (Applicant: Equidyne Systems, Inc.).
Hypodermic jet injector. Issued 29 October 1996. \[INJEX™ Needle-free
Medication Delivery System\]

US 5569190 D\'Antonio NF. Hypodermic Fluid Dispenser. Issued 29 October
1996.

US 5599302 Lilley SJ, Taylor HF, Theobald DR, Carlson CJ, Rosen DI,
Johnson TR (Applicant: Medi**-**Ject Corporation). Medical injection
system and method, gas spring thereof and launching device using gas
spring. Issued 4 February 1997.

US 5630796 Bellhouse BJ, Sarphie DF, Greenford JC. Method of delivering
powder transdermally with needleless injector. Issued 20 May 1997.

US 5643211 07/01/1997 Nozzle assembly having a frangible plunger

US 5697917 12/16/1997 Nozzle assembly with adjustable plunger travel gap

US 5704911 Parsons; James S. (Applicant: Equidyne Systems, Inc.).
Needleless hypodermic jet injector. Issued 6 January 1998. \[INJEX™
Needle-free Medication Delivery System\]

US 5722953 03/03/1998 Nozzle assembly for injection device

US 5730723 Castellano T, Schumecher R. (Applicant: Visionary Medical
Products Corporation, Inc.) Gas pressured needle**-**less injection
device and method. Issued 24 March 1998.

US 5769138 06/1998 Nozzle and adapter for loading medicament into an
injector

US 5782802 07/21/1998 Multiple use needle**-**less hypodermic injection
device for individual users

US 5800388 09/01/1998 Plunger/ram assembly adapted for a fluid injector

US 5836911 11/17/1998 Injection device having positioning means

US 5846233 12/08/1998 Coupling device for medical injection system

US 5851198 Castellano TP, Schumacher R (Applicant: Visionary Medical
Products Corporation). Gas pressured needle-less injection device and
method. Issued 22 December 1998.

US 5865795 02/02/1999 Safety mechanism for injection devices

US 5875976 03/02/1999 Locking mechanism for nozzle assembly

US 5879327 Moreau DeFarges A, Moreau DeFarges X. Needleless jet
injection device. Issued 9 March 1999.

US 5891085 04/06/1999 Nozzle assembly with lost motion connection for
medical injector assembly

US 5893397 04/13/1999 Medication vial/syringe liquid**-**transfer
apparatus

US 5899879 Umbaugh JC (Applicant: Genesis Medical Technologies, Inc.).
Spring**-**actuated needleless injector. Issued 4 May 1999.

US 5911703 Slate JB, Burk MW, Gorton LA (Applicant: Avant Drug Delivery
Systems, Inc.). Two**-**stage fluid medicament jet injector. Issued 15
June 1999.

US 5919159 Medical injection system and method, gas spring thereof and
launching device using gas spring (07/06/1999)

US 5921967 Plunger for nozzle assembly (07/13/1999)

US 6056716 D\'Antonio NF, D\'Antonio LF, Wagner JT. Hypodermic fluid
dispenser. Issued 2 May 2000.

US 6063053 Castellano TP. et al. Gas pressurized needle-less injection
device. Issued 16 May 2000

US 6080130 Castellano TP. Gas power source for a needleless injector.
Issued 27 June 2000.

US 6156008 Castellano TP. Gas power source for a needleless injector.
Issued 05 December 2000.

US 6223786 B1 Castellano TP (assignee: Penjet Corp.). Apparatus and
method for mixing medication and filling an ampule of a needle-less
injector. Issued 01 May 2001.

US 6302160 B2 Castellano TP (assignee: Penjet Corp.). Apparatus and
method for filling an ampule of a needle-less injector. Issued 16
October 2001.

US 6447475 B1 Castellano TP (assignee: Penjet Corp.). Gas power sources
for a needle-less injector and needle-less injectors incorporating the
same. Issued 10 September 2002.

US 6474369 B2 Castellano TP (assignee: Penjet Corp.). Apparatus and
method for delivering a lyophilized active with a needle-less injector.
Issued 05 November 2002.

US 6500239 B2 Castellano TP (assignee: Penjet Corp.). System and method
for removing dissolved gas from a solution. Issued 31 December 2002.

US 6610042 B2 Leon N (assignee: Felton Medical, Inc.). Disposable
unit-dose jet-injection syringe for pre-filled and/or transfilled liquid
injectable medical drug or vaccine products and method thereof. Issued
26 August 2003.

US 6613010 B2 Castellano TP (assignee: Penjet Corp.). Modular
gas-pressured needle-less injector. Issued 2 September 2003.

US 6613011 B2 Castellano TP (assignee: Penjet Corp.). Gas-pressured
engine with valve. Issued 2 September 2003.

US D483,116 S Castellano, TP (assignee: PenJet Corporation). Needle-Less
Injector. Issued 2 December 2003.

US 6673034 B2 Castellano TP (assignee: PenJet Corporation) Gas power
sources for a needle-less injector and needle-less injectors
incorporating the same. Issued 6 January 2004.

US 6746429 Sadowski PL, DeBoer DM, Berman CL, Lesch PR, Holland ML.
Needle assisted jet injector. Issued 8 June 2004.

US 6755220 B2 Castellano TP; Wise, RR; Levy, SD (assignee: PenJet
Corporation). Method and apparatus for filling or refilling a
needle-less injector. Issued: 29 June 2004.

**[European Patents]{.underline}**

EP 0 106 078 B1 Dermojet S-591-H, Romania

EP 0 063 339 A2 Dettbarn H**-**J, Zimmermann J (Applicant: Hoechst
Aktiengesellschaft). Piston pump for needleless injection apparatuses.
European Patent Office, patent no. 0 063 339 A2, issued 27 October 1982.

EP 0 063 339 B1 Dettbarn H-J, Zimmermann J (Applicant: Hoechst
Aktiengesellschaft). Piston pump for needleless injection apparatuses.
European Patent Office, patent no. 0 063 339 B1, issued 28 August 1985.

EP 0988074 B1 Castellano TP, Schumacher R. (assignee: PenJet
Corporation) Gas pressurized needle-less injection device • Date of
publication and mention of the patent grant: 31 March 2004 (date of
filing: 09 October 1996)

## GENERAL / MISCELLANEOUS RESOURCES

The Brother\'s Brother Foundation

> (Founded by Robert Hingson, father of jet injection)
>
> 1501 Reedsdale Street, Suite 3005
>
> Pittsburgh, PA 15233**-**2341
>
> Phone: (412)321**-**3160, Fax: (412) 321**-**3325, BBFound@aol.com
>
> <http://www.brothersbrother.org/>

CDC webpage on needle-free jet injection technology

> <http://www.cdc.gov/nip/dev/jetinject.htm>

Needle-free Injection Technology News Service

> [http://vaxdev.forum.cdc.gov](http://vaxdev.forum.cdc.gov/)

Origins of jet injection experience in USA

Arnold Sutermeister, mechanical engineer noticed injections of diesel
oil into workmen hands via pinholes in high-pressure oil lines. Clinical
involvement by Dr. Robert Hingson, assigned to Public Health Service
Hospital, Staten Island, New York City. Sutermeister and surgeon John F.
Roberts developed prototype jet injector in 1933. See Pollack1971,
Hingson1989.

\# \# \#