**[Suggested Scales for GPRA Reporting]{.smallcaps}**

**[Grants to Reduce Alcohol Abuse]{.smallcaps}**

**[December 16, 2004]{.smallcaps}**

#### Background

Recipients of the Grants to Reduce Alcohol Abuse have been asked to
collect and report data in annual performance reports that show the
effectiveness of the grant program. The Department of Education reports
this information to Congress as required by the Government Performance
and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA). Grantees have been encouraged to use a
qualified evaluator to design and implement an evaluation of their
project in order to provide reliable data on the performance measures
for this program.

To review, the Department of Education developed three **measures** for
evaluating the overall effectiveness of the Grants to Reduce Alcohol
Abuse program. These **measures** are: **1)** the percentage of grantees
whose target students show a measurable decrease in binge drinking;
**2)** the percentage of grantees that show a measurable increase in the
percentage of target students who believe that alcohol abuse is harmful
to their health; and **3)** the percentage of grantees that show a
measurable increase in the percentage of target students who disapprove
of alcohol abuse.

#### Suggested Scales

Following are suggestions for standard scales that grantees or their
evaluators may choose to utilize in the collection of the required data.
The scales are in the public domain. Each grantee must ascertain whether
these scales fit their particular evaluation plan. The scales and
information as to where to obtain the scales are attached as an
appendix. The grantee may want to consider for measure "2" and "3"
either or both suggested scales.

  --------- --------------------------------- ----------------------------
  Measure   Scale construct/subconstruct      Instrument Name

  1         Binge Drinking                    Monitoring the Future

  2         Perceived Harm/Risk/Perceived     Monitoring the Future
            Harm\*                            

            Perceived Harm/Risk/Perceived     Student Survey of Risk and
            Risk of Drug Use\*                Protective Factors

  3         Attitude toward Use/Favorable     Student Survey of Risk and
            Attitudes Toward Drug Use\*       Protective Factors

            Attitude toward Use/Disapproval   Monitoring the Future
            of Drug Use\*                     
  --------- --------------------------------- ----------------------------

\* Gather information on alcohol as well as other drugs.

#### Rational

Why use a standard scale? The advantages of using standardized scales
are many. In using a standard scale, local data may be compared with
national data collected by other sites using the same scales. Scales
could be used to compare the effectiveness of one particular Model
Program used within different sites of one district or to compare the
effectiveness of different Model Programs within the same cohort of
students. For example, a grantee could evaluate which Model Program is
most effective in reducing binge drinking in a particular locale.

Again, how grantees decide to collect data on these measures is
dependent on the particular needs of that grantee. Please note that
grantees have been encouraged to use a qualified evaluator to design and
implement an evaluation of their project in order to provide reliable
data on these performance measures.

**[APPENDIX: Scales]{.smallcaps}**

**[ATOD Use]{.smallcaps}**

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  Construct: **Binge Drinking**                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2.  Name and Description of Instrument/Scale: **Monitoring the Future |
|     Survey/Dependency Scale**                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  Construct Operational Definition as used in Instrument: Heavy     |
|     drinking on a given occasion                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4.  Reliability: Not Applicable                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5.  Validity: Self reported substance use has been found to relate    |
|     consistently to a number of other variables tapping attitudes and |
|     beliefs related to use, such as delinquency, truancy and grades   |
|     in school.                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6.  Target Population: General population of students in grades 8, 10 |
|     and 12.                                                           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7.  Population instrument has been used with and associate            |
|     psychometric data: Age Group/Ethnic Group/Gender/Geographic\      |
|     Normed with different populations                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 8.  Respondent: Self                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9.  Ease of use/scoring: Not Applicable                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 10. Number of items in scale: 6                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 11. Mode of Administration: Pencil and paper self-report              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 12. Strength of relationship to ATOD and other problem behaviors:     |
|     Direct/self-evident                                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 13. Source: Dr. Lloyd Johnston                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > Institute for Social Research\                                      |
| > University of Michigan\                                             |
| > 426 Thompson Street\                                                |
| > Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2321\                                           |
| > (734) 764-8354\                                                     |
| > MTFinfo@isr.umich.edu                                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 14. Author: Dr. Lloyd Johnston/University of Michigan                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 15. Availability: Public Domain                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 16. Cost: None                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 17. Copyright: None                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 18. Citation Information (abstracts, where used):                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, L.D., & Bachman, J.G. (2001). Monitoring the
Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2001: Volume 1,
Secondary School Students 2000 (NIH Publication NO. 01-4924) Bethesda,
MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

**[ATOD Use]{.smallcaps}**

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Binge Drinking Scale:**                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  On how many occasions in your lifetime (if any) have you been     |
|     drunk or very high from drinking alcoholic beverages?             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  0 occasions                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  1-2 occasions                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2.  3-5 occasions                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  6-9 occasions                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4.  10-19 occasions                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5.  20-39 occasions                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6.  40 or more                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2.  On how many occasions during the past 30 days (if any) have you   |
|     been drunk or very high from drinking alcoholic beverages?        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  0 occasions                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  1-2 occasions                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2.  3-5 occasions                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  6-9 occasions                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4.  10-19 occasions                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5.  20-39 occasions                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6.  40 or more                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| *A drink is a glass of wine, a bottle of beer, a wine cooler, a shot  |
| glass of liquor, or a mixed drink.*                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  Think back over the LAST TWO WEEKS. How many times have you had   |
|     five or more drinks in a row?                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  0 occasions                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  1-2 occasions                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2.  3-5 occasions                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  6-9 occasions                                                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4.  10-19 occasions                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5.  20-39 occasions                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6.  40 or more                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4.  During the last two weeks, how many times have you had 3 or 4     |
|     drinks in a row (but no more than that)?                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  None                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  Once                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2.  Twice                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  3 to 5 times                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4.  6 to 9 times                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5.  10 or more times                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5.  On how many occasions during the last 30 days (if any) have you   |
|     sniffed glue, or breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or  |
|     inhaled any other gases or sprays in order to get high?           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  None                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  Once                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2.  Twice                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  3 to 5 times                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4.  6 to 9 times                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5.  10 or more times                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6.  During the last two weeks, how many times have you had two drinks |
|     in a row (but no more than that)?                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  None                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  Once                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2.  Twice                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  3 to 5 times                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4.  6 to 9 times                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5.  10 or more times                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  20-39 Occasions                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  40 or More Occasions                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

Individual/Peer

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  Construct: **Perceived Harm/Risk**                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.  Name and Description of Instrument/Scale: **Monitoring the        |
|     Future/Perceived Harm**                                           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2.  Construct Operational Definition as used in Instrument: Assesses  |
|     the opinions of physical harm/risk from substance abuse           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3.  Reliability: Not Applicable                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4.  Validity: Perceived harm from substance use has been found to     |
|     negatively relate to use and onset of use.                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5.  Target Population: General population of students in grades 8,    |
|     10, and 12.                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6.  Population instrument has been used with and associate            |
|     psychometric data: Age Group/Ethnic Group/Gender/Geographic       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > None Available                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7.  Respondent: Self                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 8.  Ease of use/scoring: Easy/Easy. 4-point Likert scale with "not    |
|     familiar with drug" listing                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9.  Number of items in scale: 14                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 10. Mode of Administration: Pencil and paper self-report              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 11. Strength of relationship to ATOD and other problem behaviors:     |
|     Strong                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 12. Source: [Dr. Lloyd Johnston or]{.mark} CSAP Project Officer       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > Institute for Social Research\                                      |
| > University of Michigan\                                             |
| > 426 Thompson Street\                                                |
| > Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2321\                                           |
| > (734) 764-8354\                                                     |
| > MTFinfo@isr.umich.edu                                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 13. Author: [Dr. Lloyd Johnston]{.mark}                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 14. Availability: Public Domain                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 15. Cost: None                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 16. Copyright: Public Domain                                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 17. Citation Information (abstracts, where used):                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., & Bachman, J.G. (2001). Monitoring the
Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2001: Volume 1,
Secondary School Students 2000 (NIH Publication NO. 01-4924) Bethesda,
MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

**Individual/Peer**

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **Perceived Harm Scale:**         |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| How much do you think people risk |                                   |
| harming themselves (physically or |                                   |
| in other ways) if they\...        |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1.  Smoke one or more packs of    | 8.  Try "crack" cocaine once or   |
|     cigarettes per day            |     twice                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 1 No risk                       | > 1 No risk                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 2 Slight risk                   | > 2 Slight risk                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 3 Moderate risk                 | > 3 Moderate risk                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 4 Great risk                    | > 4 Great risk                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     | > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 2.  Try marijuana once or twice   | 9.  Try "crack" cocaine           |
|                                   |     occasionally                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 1 No risk                       | > 1 No risk                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 2 Slight risk                   | > 2 Slight risk                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 3 Moderate risk                 | > 3 Moderate risk                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 4 Great risk                    | > 4 Great risk                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     | > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 3.  Smoke marijuana occasionally  | 10. Try crack cocaine regularly   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 1 No risk                       | > 1 No risk                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 2 Slight risk                   | > 2 Slight risk                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 3 Moderate risk                 | > 3 Moderate risk                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 4 Great risk                    | > 4 Great risk                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     | > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 4.  Smoke marijuana regularly     | 11. Try one or two drinks of an   |
|                                   |     alcoholic beverage (beer,     |
|                                   |     wine, liquor)                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 1 No risk                       | > 1 No risk                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 2 Slight risk                   | > 2 Slight risk                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 3 Moderate risk                 | > 3 Moderate risk                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 4 Great risk                    | > 4 Great risk                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     | > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 5.  Try cocaine in powder form    | 12. Take one or two drinks nearly |
|     one or twice                  |     every day                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 1 No risk                       | > 1 No risk                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 2 Slight risk                   | > 2 Slight risk                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 3 Moderate risk                 | > 3 Moderate risk                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 4 Great risk                    | > 4 Great risk                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     | > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 6.  Take cocaine powder           | 13. Take four of five drinks      |
|     occasionally                  |     nearly every day              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 1 No risk                       | > 1 No risk                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 2 Slight risk                   | > 2 Slight risk                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 3 Moderate risk                 | > 3 Moderate risk                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 4 Great risk                    | > 4 Great risk                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     | > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 7.  Take cocaine powder regularly | 14. Have five or more drinks once |
|                                   |     or twice each weekend         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 1 No risk                       | > 1 No risk                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 2 Slight risk                   | > 2 Slight risk                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 3 Moderate risk                 | > 3 Moderate risk                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 4 Great risk                    | > 4 Great risk                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     | > 5 Can't Say/Drug Unfamiliar     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

**Individual/Peer**

+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 1.  Construct:       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     **Perceived      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Harm/Risk**      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 2.  Name and         |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Description of   |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|    Instrument/Scale: |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     **Student Survey |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     of Risk and      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Protective       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|    Factors/Perceived |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Risk of Drug     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Use**            |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 3.  Construct        |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Operational      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Definition as    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     used in          |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Instrument:      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Assesses         |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     student\'s       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     perception of    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     the potential    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     risks due to     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     drug use.        |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 4.  Reliability:     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     0.88             |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 5.  Validity: High   |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     concurrent       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     validity with    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     drug and alcohol |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     use and          |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     delinquency.     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 6.  Target           |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Population:      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     General          |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     population of    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     students in      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     grades 6, 8, 10, |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     and 12           |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 7.  Population       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     instrument has   |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     been used with   |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     and associate    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     psychometric     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     data: Age        |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Group/Ethnic     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Gro              |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| up/Gender/Geographic |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| > Alpha              |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > Coefficients:      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| > African-American   |   | .86   |   | Native       | . |              |
|                      |   |       |   | American     | 8 |              |
|                      |   |       |   |              | 0 |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| > Asian/Pacific      |   | .85   |   | White        | . |              |
| > Islander           |   |       |   |              | 7 |              |
|                      |   |       |   |              | 5 |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| > Hispanic           |   | .82   |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 8.  Respondent: Self |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 9.  Ease of          |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     use/scoring:     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Easy/Easy.       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Four-point scale |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     (No risk to      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Great risk)      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 10. Number of items  |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     in scale: 4      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 11. Mode of          |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Administration:  |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Pencil and paper |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     self-report      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 12. Strength of      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     relationship to  |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     ATOD and other   |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     problem          |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     behaviors:       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| > Correlations (r)   |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > to:                |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| > Cigarette Use, 30  | . |       | > |              |   | .36          |
| > Days               | 4 |       |   |              |   |              |
|                      | 0 |       | M |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | a |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | r |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | i |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | j |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | u |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | a |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | n |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | a |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | > |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | U |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | s |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | e |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | , |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | > |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | 3 |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | 0 |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | > |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | D |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | a |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | y |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | s |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| > Alcohol Use, 30    | . |       | > |              |   | .30          |
| > Days               | 3 |       |   |              |   |              |
|                      | 8 |       | A |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | n |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | t |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | i |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | s |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | o |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | c |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | i |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | a |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | l |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | > |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | B |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | e |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | h |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | a |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | v |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | i |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | o |              |   |              |
|                      |   |       | r |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 13. Source: Social   |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Development      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Research Group   |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| > University of      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > Washington\        |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > 9725 3^rd^ Ave.    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > NE, Suite 401\     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > Seattle, WA        |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > 98115-2024.\       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > 206-685-3858\      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > marth              |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| ur@u.washington.edu\ |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| > http://depts.      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
| washington.edu/sdrg/ |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 14. Author: Dr.      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Michael Arthur,  |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Dr. J. David     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Hawkins, Dr.     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Richard Catalano |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     and Dr. John     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Pollard          |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 15. Availability:    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Public Domain    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 16. Cost: None       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 17. Copyright:       |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Public Domain    |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+
| 18. Citation         |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     Information      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     (abstracts,      |   |       |   |              |   |              |
|     where used):     |   |       |   |              |   |              |
+----------------------+---+-------+---+--------------+---+--------------+

**Individual/Peer**

+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| **Perceived     |                 |                 |                 |
| Risk of Drug    |                 |                 |                 |
| Use Scale:**    |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1.  How much do |                 |                 |                 |
|     you think   |                 |                 |                 |
|     people risk |                 |                 |                 |
|     harming     |                 |                 |                 |
|     themselves  |                 |                 |                 |
|     (physically |                 |                 |                 |
|     or in other |                 |                 |                 |
|     ways) if    |                 |                 |                 |
|     they smoke  |                 |                 |                 |
|     one or more |                 |                 |                 |
|     packs of    |                 |                 |                 |
|     cigarettes  |                 |                 |                 |
|     per day?    |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| No risk         | Slight risk     | Moderate risk   | Great risk      |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 2.  How much do |                 |                 |                 |
|     you think   |                 |                 |                 |
|     people risk |                 |                 |                 |
|     harming     |                 |                 |                 |
|     themselves  |                 |                 |                 |
|     (physically |                 |                 |                 |
|     or in other |                 |                 |                 |
|     ways) if    |                 |                 |                 |
|     they try    |                 |                 |                 |
|     marijuana   |                 |                 |                 |
|     once or     |                 |                 |                 |
|     twice?      |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| No risk         | Slight risk     | Moderate risk   | Great risk      |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 3.  How much do |                 |                 |                 |
|     you think   |                 |                 |                 |
|     people risk |                 |                 |                 |
|     harming     |                 |                 |                 |
|     themselves  |                 |                 |                 |
|     (physically |                 |                 |                 |
|     or in other |                 |                 |                 |
|     ways) if    |                 |                 |                 |
|     they smoke  |                 |                 |                 |
|     marijuana   |                 |                 |                 |
|     regularly?  |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| No risk         | Slight risk     | Moderate risk   | Great risk      |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 4.  How much do |                 |                 |                 |
|     you think   |                 |                 |                 |
|     people risk |                 |                 |                 |
|     harming     |                 |                 |                 |
|     themselves  |                 |                 |                 |
|     (physically |                 |                 |                 |
|     or in other |                 |                 |                 |
|     ways) if    |                 |                 |                 |
|     they take   |                 |                 |                 |
|     one or two  |                 |                 |                 |
|     drinks of   |                 |                 |                 |
|     an          |                 |                 |                 |
|     alcoholic   |                 |                 |                 |
|     beverage    |                 |                 |                 |
|     (beer,      |                 |                 |                 |
|     wine,       |                 |                 |                 |
|     liquor)     |                 |                 |                 |
|     nearly      |                 |                 |                 |
|     every day?  |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| No risk         | Slight risk     | Moderate risk   | Great risk      |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+

**Individual/Peer**

+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 1.         |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| Construct: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| **Attitude |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Toward |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Use**  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 2.  Name   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     and    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     D      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| escription |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     of     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|    Instrum |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| ent/Scale: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|  **Student |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Survey |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     of     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Risk   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     and    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| Protective |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|    Factors |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| /Favorable |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|  Attitudes |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Toward |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Drug   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Use**  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 3.         |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|  Construct |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     O      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| perational |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| Definition |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     as     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     used   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     in     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     I      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| nstrument: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|   Assesses |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| student\'s |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|  attitudes |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     toward |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     using  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     drugs. |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 4.  Re     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| liability: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     0.88   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 5.         |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|  Validity: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     High   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| concurrent |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|   validity |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     with   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     drug   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     and    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|    alcohol |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     use    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     and    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     de     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| linquency. |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 6.  Target |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     P      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| opulation: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|    General |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| population |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     of     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|   students |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     in     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     grades |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     6, 8,  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     10,    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     and 12 |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 7.         |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| Population |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| instrument |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     has    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     been   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     used   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     with   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     and    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|  associate |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     ps     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| ychometric |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     data:  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Age    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Gr     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| oup/Ethnic |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Gro    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| up/Gender/ |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| Geographic |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| > Alpha    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > Coe      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| fficients: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| > Males    | .86    |   | 6    |   | .82        | 10^ |   | .83       |
|            |        |   | ^th^ |   |            | th^ |   |           |
|            |        |   | G    |   |            | Gr  |   |           |
|            |        |   | rade |   |            | ade |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| > Females  | .84    |   | 8    |   | .86        | 12^ |   | .80       |
|            |        |   | ^th^ |   |            | th^ |   |           |
|            |        |   | G    |   |            | Gr  |   |           |
|            |        |   | rade |   |            | ade |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 8.  R      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| espondent: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Self   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 9.  Ease   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     of     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     us     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| e/scoring: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| Easy/Easy. |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| Four-point |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     scale  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     (Very  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     wrong  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     to Not |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     wrong  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     at     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     all)   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 10. Number |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     of     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     items  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     in     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     scale: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     4      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 11. Mode   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     of     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Admin  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| istration: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Pencil |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     and    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     paper  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     s      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| elf-report |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 12         |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| . Strength |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     of     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     re     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| lationship |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     to     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     ATOD   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     and    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     other  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|    problem |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| behaviors: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| > Co       |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| rrelations |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > (r) to:  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| >          |        | . |      | > |            |     | . |           |
|  Cigarette |        | 5 |      |   |            |     | 5 |           |
| > Use,     |        | 2 |      | C |            |     | 3 |           |
| > Lifetime |        |   |      | i |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | g |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | a |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | r |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | e |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | t |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | t |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | e |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | U |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | s |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | e |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | , |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | 3 |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | 0 |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | D |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | a |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | y |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | s |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| > Alcohol  |        | . |      | > |            |     | . |           |
| > Use,     |        | 4 |      |   |            |     | 5 |           |
| > Lifetime |        | 2 |      | A |            |     | 1 |           |
|            |        |   |      | l |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | c |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | o |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | h |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | o |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | l |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | U |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | s |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | e |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | , |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | 3 |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | 0 |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | D |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | a |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | y |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | s |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| >          |        | . |      | > |            |     | . |           |
|  Marijuana |        | 5 |      |   |            |     | 4 |           |
| > Use,     |        | 7 |      | M |            |     | 9 |           |
| > Lifetime |        |   |      | a |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | r |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | i |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | j |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | u |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | a |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | n |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | a |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | U |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | s |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | e |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | , |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | 3 |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | 0 |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | D |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | a |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | y |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | s |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| > Illicit  |        | . |      | > |            |     | . |           |
| > Drugs    |        | 4 |      |   |            |     | 4 |           |
| > Use,     |        | 8 |      | I |            |     | 1 |           |
| > Lifetime |        |   |      | l |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | l |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | i |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | c |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | i |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | t |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | D |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | r |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | u |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | g |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | s |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | , |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | 3 |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | 0 |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | > |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | D |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | a |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | y |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      | s |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 1          |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| 3. Source: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Social |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     D      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| evelopment |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|   Research |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Group  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| >          |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| University |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > of       |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > W        |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| ashington\ |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > 9725     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > 3^rd^    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > Ave. NE, |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > Suite    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > 401\     |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > Seattle, |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > WA       |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > 98       |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| 115-2024.\ |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > 206      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| -685-3858\ |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > marth    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| ur@u.washi |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| ngton.edu\ |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| > htt      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| p://depts. |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| washington |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| .edu/sdrg/ |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 1          |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| 4. Author: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Dr.    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|    Michael |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|    Arthur, |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Dr. J. |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     David  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|   Hawkins, |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Dr.    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|    Richard |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|   Catalano |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     and    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Dr.    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     John   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|            |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|    Pollard |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 15. Ava    |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| ilability: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Public |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Domain |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 16. Cost:  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     None   |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 17.        |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| Copyright: |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Public |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     Domain |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+
| 18         |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| . Citation |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     I      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| nformation |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     (      |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
| abstracts, |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     where  |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
|     used): |        |   |      |   |            |     |   |           |
+------------+--------+---+------+---+------------+-----+---+-----------+

Arthur, M.W., Hawkins, J.D., Pollard, J.A., Catalano, R.F., & Baglioni,
A.J. (2001). Measuring risk and protective factors for substance use,
delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors: The Communities
That Care Youth Survey. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Hawkins, J.D., Arthur, M.W., & Catalano, R.F. (1997). [Six State
Consortium for Prevention Needs Assessment Studies: Final
Report]{.underline}. Seattle: University of Washington, Social
Development Research Group.

Pollard, J.A., Hawkins, J.D., & Arthur, M.W. (1999). Risk and
protection: Are both necessary to understand diverse behavioral outcomes
in adolescence? [Social Work Research, 23 (3)]{.underline}, pp. 129-208.

**Individual/Peer**

+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| **Favorable     |                 |                 |                 |
| Attitudes       |                 |                 |                 |
| Toward Drug Use |                 |                 |                 |
| Scale:**        |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1.  How wrong   |                 |                 |                 |
|     do you      |                 |                 |                 |
|     think it is |                 |                 |                 |
|     for someone |                 |                 |                 |
|     your age to |                 |                 |                 |
|     drink beer, |                 |                 |                 |
|     wine or     |                 |                 |                 |
|     hard liquor |                 |                 |                 |
|     (for        |                 |                 |                 |
|     example,    |                 |                 |                 |
|     vodka,      |                 |                 |                 |
|     whiskey or  |                 |                 |                 |
|     gin)        |                 |                 |                 |
|     regularly?  |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Very wrong      | Wrong           | A little bit    | Not wrong at    |
|                 |                 | wrong           | all             |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 2.  How wrong   |                 |                 |                 |
|     do you      |                 |                 |                 |
|     think it is |                 |                 |                 |
|     for someone |                 |                 |                 |
|     your age to |                 |                 |                 |
|     smoke       |                 |                 |                 |
|     cigarettes? |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Very wrong      | Wrong           | A little bit    | Not wrong at    |
|                 |                 | wrong           | all             |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 3.  How wrong   |                 |                 |                 |
|     do you      |                 |                 |                 |
|     think it is |                 |                 |                 |
|     for someone |                 |                 |                 |
|     your age to |                 |                 |                 |
|     smoke       |                 |                 |                 |
|     marijuana?  |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Very wrong      | Wrong           | A little bit    | Not wrong at    |
|                 |                 | wrong           | all             |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 4.  How wrong   |                 |                 |                 |
|     do you      |                 |                 |                 |
|     think it is |                 |                 |                 |
|     for someone |                 |                 |                 |
|     your age to |                 |                 |                 |
|     use LSD,    |                 |                 |                 |
|     cocaine,    |                 |                 |                 |
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
|    amphetamines |                 |                 |                 |
|     or another  |                 |                 |                 |
|     illegal     |                 |                 |                 |
|     drug?       |                 |                 |                 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Very wrong      | Wrong           | A little bit    | Not wrong at    |
|                 |                 | wrong           | all             |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+

Individual/Peer

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 18. Construct: **Attitude Toward Use**                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 19. Name and Description of Instrument/Scale **Monitoring the         |
|     Future/Disapproval of Drug Use**                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 20. Construct Operational Definition as used in Instrument: Assesses  |
|     student\'s attitudes toward using drugs.                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 21. Reliability: Not Applicable                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 22. Validity: Disapproval of Drug Use has been found to negatively    |
|     relate to use and onset of use.                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 23. Target Population: General population of students in grades 8,    |
|     10, and 12.                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 24. Population instrument has been used with and associate            |
|     psychometric data: Age Group/Ethnic Group/Gender/Geographic       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > None Available                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 25. Respondent: Self                                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 26. Ease of use/scoring: Easy/Easy. 3-point Likert scale with not     |
|     applicable listing                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 27. Number of items in scale: 16                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 28. Mode of Administration: Pencil and paper self-report              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 29. Strength of relationship to ATOD and other problem behaviors:     |
|     Strong                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 30. Source: [Dr. Lloyd Johnston or]{.mark} CSAP Project Officer       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > Institute for Social Research\                                      |
| > University of Michigan\                                             |
| > 426 Thompson Street\                                                |
| > Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2321\                                           |
| > (734) 764-8354\                                                     |
| > MTFinfo@isr.umich.edu                                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 31. Author: [Dr. Lloyd Johnston]{.mark}                               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 32. Availability: Public Domain                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 33. Cost: None                                                        |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 34. Copyright: Public Domain                                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 35. Citation Information (abstracts, where used):                     |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., & Bachman, J.G. (2001). Monitoring the
Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2001: Volume 1,
Secondary School Students 2000 (NIH Publication NO. 01-4924) Bethesda,
MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

**Individual/Peer**

+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| **Disapproval |               |                 |                    |
| of Drug Use   |               |                 |                    |
| Scale:**      |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Do YOU        |               |                 |                    |
| disapprove of |               |                 |                    |
| people doing  |               |                 |                    |
| each of the   |               |                 |                    |
| following?    |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 1.  Smoking   |               |                 |                    |
|     one or    |               |                 |                    |
|     more      |               |                 |                    |
|     packs of  |               |                 |                    |
|               |               |                 |                    |
|    cigarettes |               |                 |                    |
|     per day   |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 2.  Using     |               |                 |                    |
|     smokeless |               |                 |                    |
|     tobacco   |               |                 |                    |
|     regularly |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 3.  Trying    |               |                 |                    |
|     marijuana |               |                 |                    |
|     once or   |               |                 |                    |
|     twice     |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 4.  Smoking   |               |                 |                    |
|     marijuana |               |                 |                    |
|               |               |                 |                    |
|  occasionally |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 5.  Smoking   |               |                 |                    |
|     marijuana |               |                 |                    |
|     regularly |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 6.  Trying    |               |                 |                    |
|     cocaine   |               |                 |                    |
|     in powder |               |                 |                    |
|     form once |               |                 |                    |
|     or twice  |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 7.  Taking    |               |                 |                    |
|     cocaine   |               |                 |                    |
|     powder    |               |                 |                    |
|               |               |                 |                    |
|  occasionally |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 8.  Trying    |               |                 |                    |
|     "crack"   |               |                 |                    |
|     cocaine   |               |                 |                    |
|     once or   |               |                 |                    |
|     twice     |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 9.  Taking    |               |                 |                    |
|     "crack"   |               |                 |                    |
|     cocaine   |               |                 |                    |
|               |               |                 |                    |
|  occasionally |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 10. Trying    |               |                 |                    |
|     one or    |               |                 |                    |
|     two       |               |                 |                    |
|     drinks of |               |                 |                    |
|     an        |               |                 |                    |
|     alcoholic |               |                 |                    |
|     beverage  |               |                 |                    |
|     (beer,    |               |                 |                    |
|     wine,     |               |                 |                    |
|     liquor)   |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 11. Taking    |               |                 |                    |
|     one or    |               |                 |                    |
|     two       |               |                 |                    |
|     drinks    |               |                 |                    |
|     nearly    |               |                 |                    |
|     every day |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 12. Having    |               |                 |                    |
|     five or   |               |                 |                    |
|     more      |               |                 |                    |
|     drinks    |               |                 |                    |
|     once or   |               |                 |                    |
|     twice     |               |                 |                    |
|     each      |               |                 |                    |
|     weekend   |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 13. Sniffing  |               |                 |                    |
|     glue,     |               |                 |                    |
|     gases, or |               |                 |                    |
|     sprays    |               |                 |                    |
|     once or   |               |                 |                    |
|     twice     |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 14. Sniffing  |               |                 |                    |
|     glue,     |               |                 |                    |
|     gases, or |               |                 |                    |
|     sprays    |               |                 |                    |
|     regularly |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 15. Trying    |               |                 |                    |
|     heroin    |               |                 |                    |
|     once or   |               |                 |                    |
|     twice     |               |                 |                    |
|     without   |               |                 |                    |
|     using a   |               |                 |                    |
|     needle    |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| 16. Trying    |               |                 |                    |
|     heroin    |               |                 |                    |
|               |               |                 |                    |
|  occasionally |               |                 |                    |
|     without   |               |                 |                    |
|     using a   |               |                 |                    |
|     needle    |               |                 |                    |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+
| Don't         | Disapprove    | Strongly        | Can't say or drug  |
| disapprove    |               | disapprove      | unfamiliar         |
+---------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------------+