**INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY**

**TECHNICAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS 1997**

**SP 500-239**

**DIRECTOR'S FOREWORD**

I am pleased to report to all of our stakeholders on the work of the
Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) in 1997. This report covers the
first full year of operation of the ITL, which was established by NIST
in 1996. ITL works with industry to develop key elements of the
technical infrastructure for information technology. These elements are
needed by industry and users to have confidence in the quality,
interoperability, and security of their information technology products.
Additionally, ITL provides information technology services to NIST
staff.

ITL is one of NIST's seven laboratories covering technical activities in
areas of electronics and electrical engineering, manufacturing
engineering, chemical science and technology, physics, material science
and engineering, building and fire research, as well as information
technology. NIST laboratories develop measurements, standards, reference
materials, and data that help U.S. companies achieve higher quality
products, more reliable and more flexible processes, fewer rejected
parts, speedier product development, and improved interoperability of
equipment.

This report describes some of the areas in which ITL is working with
industry to develop a needed technical infrastructure for IT. Our goals
are to:

-   overcome the barriers to the interoperability of emerging network
    technologies

-   develop ways to measure the performance of high performance
    computing and communications systems and enable their use in both
    small and large applications

-   improve access to and exchange of complex, multimedia information

-   develop safeguards for the integrity, confidentiality, reliability
    and availability of information resources

-   improve the quality of software

-   advance the application of mathematical and computational sciences,
    and of statistical methods, to information technology

-   provide high quality mathematical, computational and information
    technology services to NIST scientists and collaborators

Information technology has an important role in our society, creating
new industries and new ways of doing business. Almost every sector of
our economy depends upon the effective use and communication of vast
quantities of data. As we move into the twenty-first century, we want to
assure that information technology remains a powerful tool for advancing
electronic commerce, manufacturing, transportation, health care,
education, and government. A sound infrastructure for IT is essential.

This IT infrastructure is not complete because we have not yet mastered
the use of measurements for information technology. Measurement science,
or metrology, has been an important factor in the advancement of
commerce and the development of useful, standard products in almost all
technical areas. We know how to measure physical and chemical properties
and to apply those measurements to improve products. But IT is a
relatively new and rapidly changing technology, and many tests, test
methods, and other technical references for measurement are missing.

In 1997, NIST staff members studied this problem, and issued a report,
"Metrology for Information Technology," which establishes a scope and a
conceptual basis for IT metrology. As the study explains, there is a
measurement chain of related events that starts with the concept of a
property to be measured and concludes with the actual measurement. Once
the attribute or quantity to be measured has been defined, the units for
expressing the measurement, scales, and a system of standards for
calibrating, testing, and measuring must be developed.

We have had some success in measuring the performance of IT hardware and
telecommunications, in some cases using traditional physical and
chemical measurement science. But we are challenged to test and measure
the quality of software. The many combinations and possibilities of
software lead to unforeseen outcomes and uncertain results. Measurement
science has the potential to help us improve software development and
testing, measure and control complex network reactions, estimate the
accuracy of simulations, and validate the trustworthiness of information
exchanged in networks. International electronic commerce is just one
area that will depend upon a measurement infrastructure to enable
participants to have confidence that their transactions are protected
and conducted as intended.

With industry partners, ITL has started to address some of these
critical challenges. We know that we cannot do the job by working alone.
We expect to strengthen and intensify our efforts with our partners and
to develop many new partners. We have started discussions with
organizations such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Educom, the National Science Foundation, the Department of
Defense, industry organizations and consortia, international
organizations, and universities.

We invite all who are interested in collaborating with us under
Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) to contact us.
We welcome your thoughts and comments on the work currently being done
and on future needs for measurements for information technology.

Shukri A. Wakid, Director

Information Technology Laboratory

E-mail: itlab@nist.gov

**CONTENTS**

OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY. . . . . . . .

MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES DIVISION . . . . . .

ADVANCED NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES DIVISION . . . . . . . . . . .

COMPUTER SECURITY DIVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INFORMATION ACCESS AND USER INTERFACES DIVISION. . . . . . .

HIGH PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS AND SERVICES DIVISION . . . . . . .

DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SERVICES DIVISION. . .

SOFTWARE DIAGNOSTICS AND CONFORMANCE TESTING DIVISION. . . .

STATISTICAL ENGINEERING DIVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INTERACTIONS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Selected Staff Accomplishments . . . . . . . . . . . .

Participation in Voluntary Standards Activities . . . .

Industry Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Selected Collaborations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cooperative Research and Development Agreements . . . .

Guest Researchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

International Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Technical Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conferences, Workshops, Lectures, and Training Courses

Electronic Products and Resources . . . . . . . . . . .

**OVERVIEW OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY**

**Director: Shukri A. Wakid**

**Deputy Director (Acting): Kathleen M. Roberts**

**Special Advisor for Computing Security Operations: Robert Raybold**

**Senior Scientist: Andre Deprit**

**Associate Director for Computing: Fred Johnson**

**Assistant Director for Boulder: Paul Domich**

**Associate Director for Program Implementation: R.J. (Jerry) Linn**

**Associate Director for Federal and Industrial Relations: David
Kahaner**

**Executive Office: Judith Lyons**

Today, information technology (IT) influences almost all areas of human
endeavor, creating new products, services, and industries. The rapidly
changing nature of IT challenges us to define and quantify the new
technology. Unlike other technologies, IT lacks a well-established
measurement base that has proved to be essential to the development of
high-quality products and services by U.S. industry for the world
marketplace.

**Tests and Test Methods for IT**

The Information Technology Laboratory focuses on research and
development of tests, quality assurance techniques, tools, models, and
reference data that define a measurement science for IT. We collaborate
with many people and organizations - industry, research, government and
standards organizations - to solve generic measurement problems, and to
make the results broadly available. Tests and measurements build a
common language for technology advancement, and provide objective
criteria that enable developers and users to evaluate product quality
and performance and to develop IT standards.

ITL's activities cover a broad range of technologies in mathematical and
computational sciences, advanced networks, computer security,
information access and user interfaces, high performance systems and
services, distributed computing and information services, software
diagnostics and conformance testing, and statistical engineering. Our
products include tests and test methods, reference data sets and
evaluation software, advanced software tools, automated software testing
techniques, conformance tests and test methods, statistical model-based
testing, and specialized databases. We also provide high-quality
services to the NIST staff, including hardware and software support,
Internet and intranet services, high performance computing services, and
mathematical, computational, and statistical consulting services.

**Interaction with Industry**

Working in partnership with industry, ITL helps to promote the U.S.
economy and expand the Nation's technology base. Industry customers
include IT providers and users, research communities, industry standards
organizations, software and Web browser developers, security technology
developers and vendors, and specialized constituencies such as the
mathematical software and high-speed network and wireless technology
industries. These product developers and IT providers share common
problems with interoperability, scalability, usability, and security of
IT products. Our commitment to federal agencies remains strong; we
develop standards and guidance for our federal customers and provide
technical assistance, in fulfilling our responsibility under the
Computer Security Act of 1987.

To pursue common goals, we work with industry organizations and federal
agencies by means of the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement
(CRADA). In 1997, we collaborated with 37 government, industry, and
academic institutions through CRADAs. ITL contributed to the activities
of industry groups such as the ATM Forum, the Digital Audio Visual
Council (DAVIC), and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to
support interoperability and forward-looking standards. We continued to
support the North American Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Users\' Forum (NIUF). Many other informal interactions with government
and industry partners involved the sharing of equipment or expertise.
These cooperative arrangements benefit all participants through a better
understanding of the advantages and barriers to the development and use
of information technology.

**G7 Information Society Pilot Projects and Related Activities**

ITL serves as the U.S. contact for the G7 Information Society Global
Inventory Pilot Project (GIP) and the

Electronic Commerce component of the Global Marketplace for Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Pilot Project. These

pilot projects resulted from the Naples Economic Summit in July 1994,
when the G7 leaders decided to \"encourage and

promote innovation and the spread of new technologies including, in
particular, the development of an open, competitive, and integrated
worldwide information infrastructure.\" Eleven information society pilot
project themes were identified which demonstrate the potential of the
information society and stimulate its deployment. The key objectives are
to support international consensus on common principles governing the
need of access to networks and applications and their interoperability
and to help create markets for new products and services. ITL serves on
the Steering committee for the GIP and SME Projects. Further, ITL is
responsible for developing and maintaining Web access to the National
Inventory of projects

related to the eleven G7 theme areas and developing and

maintaining the registration process and Web site for the Electronic
Commerce testbed projects. The G7 material is found on the NII Virtual
Library Home Page at \<http://nii.nist.gov\>.

ITL also participated as the NIST representative in the following
electronic commerce-related activities:

-   the working group drafting the Administration\'s paper \"A Framework
    for Global Electronic Commerce,\"

-   the steering committee for the Global Standards Conference held in
    Brussels, October 1-3, 1997, and

-   JTGII (U.S. TAG to JTC1 SWG on GII).

**The ITL Organization**

ITL's work is accomplished in eight technical divisions: Mathematical
and Computational Sciences Division, Advanced Network Technologies
Division, Computer Security Division, Information Access and User
Interfaces Division, High Performance Systems and Services Division,
Distributed Computing and Information Services Division, Software
Diagnostics and Conformance Testing Division, and the Statistical
Engineering Division. Our professional staff consists of computer
scientists, mathematicians, computer specialists, electrical and
electronics engineers, and statisticians. Staffing resources in FY 1997
included 384 full-time-equivalent employees of which about 75 percent
were professional and technical staff and 25 percent were administrative
support personnel. In addition, 92 research associates, guest
scientists, and faculty appointments enhanced our research program.

Funding for ITL programs in FY 1997 consisted of \$44.5 million from the
NIST Congressional appropriation (STRS), including \$12.3 million for
the Consolidated Scientific Computing System (Super Computer) and \$0.6
million for Technical Competence; \$2.2 million from the Advanced
Technology Program; and \$11.9 million in reimbursable funds, mostly
from other federal agencies for direct technical assistance. See the
Interactions and Accomplishments section of this report for a complete
list of our collaborative interactions.

**Sharing Information with our Customers**

Through a broad range of publications and online resources, we share
information and technology with industry, government, academia, and the
public. We publish Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) and
guidelines; special publications series focusing on information
technology, computer security, and federal electronic data interchange
(EDI) implementation conventions; technical interagency reports on
research and tests; a quarterly \"ITL\" newsletter; and a ITL bulletin
series published about eight times a year on topics of interest to the
information systems community. See the Interactions and Accomplishments
section for a list of publications currently available for sale through
the Government Printing Office (GPO) or the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS). ITL also sponsors, co-sponsors, and hosts a
variety of conferences and workshops throughout the year, and our staff
members address many industry and government organizations.

We welcome your interest in the Information Technology Laboratory and
invite you to visit our Web site at:

http://www.itl.nist.gov

**MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES DIVISION**

Chief (Acting): Shukri A. Wakid

Group Managers: James L. Blue, Mathematical Modeling

Ronald F. Boisvert, Mathematical Software

Shukri A. Wakid (Acting), Optimization and

Computational Geometry

Anastase Nakassis, Compression Algorithms

The Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division provides technical
leadership within NIST in modern analytical and computational methods
for solving mathematical problems of interest to American industry. A
program of advanced research focuses on selected areas of applied and
computational mathematics and collaboration with technical experts in
other NIST divisions, industry, and academia. The scope includes the
development and analysis of theoretical descriptions of phenomena
(mathematical modeling); the design and analysis of requisite
computational methods and experiments; the transformation of these
methods into efficient numerical algorithms for high performance
computers; the implementation of these methods in high‑quality
mathematical software; and the distribution of this software to
potential clients, both within NIST and to the external community.

The work of the division can be grouped into three broad areas: testing
and evaluation methodology, mathematical modeling, and tools for high
performance computing.

**Highlights of the Year's Work**

B. Alpert (ITL) and colleagues M. Francis (Electronics and Electrical
Engineering Laboratory \[EEEL\]) and R. Wittmann (EEEL) won a Department
of Commerce Bronze Medal for their work in developing an algorithm for
the processing of antenna measurements corrupted by probe position
errors. The method exploits position information available during the
measurement procedure to compute far fields as accurately as when no
position errors are present, and at a computational cost which is
acceptable even for electrically very large antennas. The algorithm has
been implemented and the software has been distributed to antenna
calibration laboratories in government and industry.

Roldan Pozo used funding from his 1996 Presidential Early Career Award
for Scientists and Engineers to develop JazzNet, a dedicated cluster of
PCs for use in scientific computing applications. The goal was to build
an inexpensive \"personal supercomputer\" using off‑the‑shelf
components, capable of achieving more than 1 Gflop (one billion
floating‑point operations per second) for under \$30,000. Initial
performance studies indicate that this milestone has been surpassed. We
expect such systems to become increasingly common at NIST and other
scientific computing sites in the future. JazzNet was featured in a
variety of external publications including Government Computer News, the
Montgomery Business Gazette, and New Technology Week, sparking wide
interest, and many queries from industries such as Gillette Corp., Dean
Witter‑Reynolds, and Sunshine Medical Electronics. (See
http://math.nist.gov/jazznet/.)

Overall the staff of the division continued its high level of
productivity and professional activity. We produced 56 refereed
publications, gave 72 talks of which 37 were invited, served on the
editorial boards of five journals, served as Editor‑in‑Chief of one
journal, participated on five review panels, refereed for numerous
journals and funding agencies, and obtained one patent.

**Testing and Evaluation Methodology**

We made significant new efforts on the development of testing and
evaluation methodology and infrastructural services for computational
science, including the design and analysis of testing methodology,
evaluation criteria, reference data, and reference algorithms. Customers
for this work are industrial developers of software products for
scientific computing, as well as the computational science research
communities in industry, government, and academia.

The Matrix Market provides online access to a large collection of test
data for use in comparative studies of algorithms and software for
numerical linear algebra. Done in collaboration with Boeing, the Matrix
Market features some 500 large sparse matrices from a variety of
applications as well as matrix generation tools and services. In its
second year of operation, the service has been accessed by more than
7,500 distinct Internet hosts and has distributed more than 4 Gbytes of
matrix data. (See http://math.nist.gov/MatrixMarket/.) In a related
effort, we are working with the BLAS Technical Forum on the development
of community standards for basic linear algebra software components to
promote portability and high performance of applications. The Forum
brings together researchers in government laboratories and academia with
vendors such as Cray, HP/Convex, NEC, Intel, Tera, and NAG. As leader of
the Sparse BLAS Subcommittee, we developed a working proposal for the
Sparse BLAS, as well as reference implementations in C and Fortran. (See
http://math.nist.gov/spblas/.)

This year we inaugurated work on the NIST Digital Library of
Mathematical Functions (DLMF), a joint project of ITL, the NIST Physics
Laboratory, and the NIST Standard Reference Data Program. The DLMF is
envisioned as a modern replacement for the NBS Handbook of Mathematical
Functions, which was first issued in 1964. The Handbook contains
technical information, such as formulas, graphs, and tables, on a
variety of mathematical functions of widespread use in the sciences and
engineering. The new DLMF would revise and expand this core data and
would make use of advanced communications and computational resources to
disseminate the information in ways not possible using static print
media. In July 1997, we held an invitational workshop for well‑known
experts in special functions and their application to begin planning for
the project. Substantial external funding is now being sought to permit
the participation of outside technical experts in the many subfields of
mathematical functions. (See http://math.nist.gov/DigitalMathLib/.)

There is a large demand for micromagnetic modeling results, both for
industrial design processes and for the materials science and physics of
magnetism. Currently there are weaknesses in the physical and
computational models and a public modeling code is unavailable. In
collaboration with NIST\'s Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory,
we are developing standard test problems for micromagnetic modeling. We
presented the first standard problem results this year. We collected
solutions from several researchers (submitted anonymously) and found
that the results showed little agreement. (See
http://cobalt.nist.gov/mumag/prob1/prob1report.html/.) We are also
developing a public code for micromagnetics, whose initial release will
be in FY 98.

Work has also been initiated in the development of metrics for use in
the evaluation of image transformations such as compression. Initial
studies are attempting to model images as parameterized surfaces plus
error components. Such modeling seeks to combine earlier results on
metrics with recent findings of division staff and others on the
contrast sensitivity function associated with human vision. Initial
results show that a vast category of models can be obtained through
linear filtering and that improved metrics can be obtained by using the
L2 norm of the residual vector.

Finally, we are cooperating with the Statistical Engineering Division on
the development of reference data for the evaluation of statistical
software. The Statistical Reference Datasets service, which was formally
unveiled this year, contains a collection of test problems for nonlinear
least squares developed by division staff.

**Mathematical Modeling**

Mathematical modeling is an interdisciplinary effort requiring close
collaboration between scientists inside and outside the division. Our
researchers cooperate with the outside scientists to develop specific
mathematical models that capture the essence of the phenomena under
study. They analyze the model, propose and develop numerical algorithms,
and produce a computer program. The resulting program is run to provide
simulations that are compared with experimental results to validate the
entire process and to provide the basis for further refinements and
enhancements. This process provides more cost‑effective, quicker, and
better information than experimentation alone. Indeed, such modeling and
simulation activities are augmenting and, in many cases, replacing the
need to do experiments or used to guide the experimental process into
more fertile areas. The information allows the outside scientists to
gain understanding or to predict behavior of a complex system, and thus
forms the basis for techniques to improve the performance of the system
under study.

The customers for our work include our collaborating ITL and NIST
scientists and engineers, and through these collaborators, industrial
scientists and engineers; other customers are the larger community of
researchers in computational science and engineering. Our aim is to work
on a spectrum of tasks, including engineering and advanced development,
to conduct both short‑ and long‑term research, and to accelerate the
adoption of advanced modeling and simulation techniques.

We are active in an inter‑laboratory NIST competence project,
\"Measurement Science for Optical Reflectance and Scattering.\" This
project seeks to identify and measure the physical and optical
characteristics of surfaces with desirable appearance characteristics.
The results of this work could lead to a computer‑based foundation for
the virtual design of a surface and a tool for predicting its
appearance. This past year, we formed a consultative and collaborative
relationship with researchers in the very rapidly expanding computer
graphics industry. We organized a two‑day meeting attended by
researchers in industry and academia for the purposes of discussing and
critiquing the proposed ITL research program; scientists from Silicon
Graphics Inc. and IBM strongly supported the research proposal, as did
participants from Cornell University and the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. Our research will help to move the field of computer
graphics rendering from a craft to an engineering discipline so that
rendered surfaces have more of the visual properties of real surfaces.

Composite materials with complicated microstructures, such as ceramics,
are important in many industrial applications. The microstructure is
determined by the processing of the material, but it is the macroscopic
properties that are relevant in applications. Previous analysis and
computer simulations of the macroscopic properties have been based on
idealized simplifications of the microstructure. In collaboration with
the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (MSEL), we constructed
a finite‑element computer model that has as input a digitized image of a
real microstructure. This program, while still two‑dimensional, models
elasticity and fracture much more realistically than previous programs,
and will help material scientists determine the properties of actual
composite materials.

High‑speed machining processes are becoming increasingly important in
modern manufacturing, but such processes can lead to discontinuous chip
formation that is strongly correlated with increased tool wear,
degradation of the workpiece surface finish, and less accuracy in the
machined part. In an ongoing collaboration with the Automated Production
Technology Division in the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, a new
approach to modeling some high‑speed machining processes is being
developed that has the potential to predict the onset of
discontinuities. One of the main objectives of this effort is to provide
improved mathematical models for computer simulations of manufacturing
processes which involve high‑speed cutting of materials. This
information can then be used to control and improve the machining
processes.

The use of Monte Carlo simulations to explore phenomena continues to be
an important topic of research. It was known that the number of
different dimer coverings of a cubic lattice grows exponentially with
the size of a lattice. We calculated the exponent, which is a physical
constant whose determination has resisted theoretical and computational
efforts for over 40 years. We did this by conducting a very large scale
Monte Carlo calculation. The method extends to the monomer‑dimer case
and should enable the first ever computation of the partition function
for monomer‑dimer systems. This result is of interest in chemistry and
materials science because it explains how energy states are distributed.
The core computation has been parallelized.

The nondestructive testing of welds is a common problem in many
manufacturing industries. Special \"test blocks\" are used to calibrate
transducers used in the nondestructive testing of materials and welds.
The problem, however, is that these blocks have not been easy to
calibrate. At the request of the American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) and in collaboration with MSEL, we developed two‑ and
three‑dimensional models for elastic wave propagation that were used to
study elastic wave behavior in various test block geometries. The
computer model was used as part of a sensitivity study to determine the
effect of source and test block geometry. International and U.S.
standards committees devoted to the use of ultrasonics in welding are
using these results to help the committees improve the methods used to
calibrate transducers for nondestructive testing. The International
Institute of Welding has expressed interest in this work.

**Tools for High Performance Computing**

Division consulting and collaboration activities often lead to the
development of general purpose tools that can be reused in other NIST
and external applications.

A primary tool for the dissemination of information about mathematical
software tools is the NIST Guide to Available Mathematical Software.
GAMS indexes more than 10,000 software components from 110 libraries and
packages. These are components which were either developed at NIST,
selected for use at NIST, or archived at netlib, an external repository
of the numerical analysis community. GAMS serves the needs of local
users for information about software available on local systems;
however, the information is of wide interest and has been made available
to the public. GAMS is accessed by 10,000 external users each month, and
the Web server which hosts GAMS, the Matrix Market, and other division
project pages is now averaging more than 400,000 \"hits\" per month,
having exceeded seven million hits since it started operation in 1994.

Our work in support of distributed memory parallel computing led to the
development of PHAML, a parallel hierarchical adaptive multilevel
software package for elliptic boundary‑value problems. Work on PHAML has
resulted in fundamental advances in multigrid methods and automated load
balancing for adaptive computations. A public release of PHAML is
expected this year. Work on PHAML led to the need for portable
interactive graphics accessible in Fortran. To solve this problem,
f90gl, a Fortran binding, along with a reference implementation, for the
OpenGL graphics interface was developed and submitted to the OpenGL
Architecture Review Board (ARB). The ARB is composed of representatives
of a variety of manufacturers with OpenGL products, including Digital,
Evans & Sutherland, Hewlett‑Packard, IBM, Intergraph, Intel, Microsoft,
and Silicon Graphics. Favorable initial reviews were obtained from the
ARB and the J3 Fortran standards committee, and f90gl is now under
consideration as the official Fortran binding for OpenGL. (See
http://math.nist.gov/f90gl/.)

Our work in image analysis and metrics also led to a variety of new
methods and tools. For example, we studied progressive transmission
techniques, with applications to downsampling/upsampling schemes, and
are in the process of developing prototype software. We developed
software to generate optimal biorthogonal wavelets, as well as prototype
software to apply wavelet transforms to color pictures. We also
generalized the lifting schemes used for ordinary biorthogonal wavelets
to multiwavelets. Lifting is the process of starting with a wavelet pair
and generating a new one that satisfies some property such as vanishing
moments.

**ADVANCED NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES DIVISION**

**Chief: Kevin Mills**

**Chief (Acting): Craig Hunt**

**Group Managers: David Su, High Speed Network Technologies**

**Nader Moayeri, Wireless Communication Technologies**

**­ Jean‑Philippe Favreau, Multimedia & Digital Video Technologies**

**Craig Hunt, Internetworking Technologies**

Information technology trends indicate an ongoing move toward a future
of universal, continuous access to information. Three barriers to
realizing this future are interoperability problems, scaling problems,
and security problems. The Advanced Network Technologies Division
concentrates primarily on overcoming the first two barriers and on
eliminating their detrimental effect on the development of a global
network infrastructure. Our contributions to overcoming these barriers
are focused on developing test methods, such as testbeds and reference
implementations for interoperability testing, and simulation analysis of
protocol interactions and scaling limits. Each group's projects and
accomplishments are described below.

# **High Speed Network Technologies**

The High Speed Network Technologies Group continues its leadership role
in the development of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network protocols
by active participation in the ATM Forum. The ATM Forum is an industry
standards consortium that develops standards for high speed digital
network technology. We develop abstract test suites (ATS) for
conformance and interoperability testing of the ATM network protocols
through participation in the Testing Working Group of the Forum. Our
efforts concentrate on testing of call control signaling, routing, and
traffic management. During 1997, the group developed conformance tests
for the user-network interface (UNI) version 3.1 signaling layer for
user side equipment, and interoperability tests for the Private
Network-to-Network Interface (PNNI). Currently, the group is developing
conformance tests for PNNI and for the Available Bit Rate (ABR) service.

At the international level, we participated in the ITU-T Study Group 13
in the development of the Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
(PICS) Proforma for ATM Adaption Layer (AAL) Type 2 and related service
parts. This work contributed to defining the real requirements of the
AAL Type 2 protocol and helped the members reach agreement on the ITU-T
Recommendations. An important application of AAL2 is the transport of
voice over ATM networks.

There is an increasing need for residential broadband access network
standards to provide high-speed Internet access from homes that can
support the new multimedia applications. The industry standards group
IEEE 802.14 is developing protocols for high speed bi-directional data
communication over the Hybrid Fiber/Coaxial (HFC) networks currently
being used or deployed by the cable TV industry.

For the past three years, the IEEE 802.14 group has been working on a
draft specification that will include protocols for the Physical Media
(PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol layers. As an unbiased
third party, ITL participated in the evaluation of several MAC proposals
submitted to the 802.14 group. We produced several reports to the group
based on the results of computer simulations conducted in our
laboratory. The subjects of these reports included performance
comparison of MAC proposals, analysis of MAC frame formats, comparison
of contention resolution algorithms, and evaluation of bandwidth
allocation methods. These reports helped the standards group achieve
several important agreements in arriving at a final MAC protocol. In
addition, our work on the HFC MAC protocol was extended to include
performance evaluation of Transmission & Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) and ATM ABR service in an asymmetrical network
environment such as HFC. The results were presented at technical
conferences and in journal publications.

A Video‑on‑Demand (VoD) Interoperability Testing Laboratory was
established jointly by the High Speed Network Technologies Group and the
Multimedia and Digital Video Group. In this laboratory, a VoD system was
developed based on the DAVIC (Digital Audio‑Visual Council)
specifications. The system implemented DAVIC\'s control and data flow.
The data flow delivers MPEG2 (Moving Picture Experts Group \[MPEG\])
data directly over ATM network while the control flow carries control
data such as video selection and VCR-type controls via the DAVIC
standard protocol stack, or alternatively, through an Internet Web
browser.

Test tools are being developed for conformance testing of protocols
involved in the laboratory testbed. In 1997 we developed a conformance
test suite for the Digital Storage Media Command and Control (DSMCC)
protocol which is to be included as part of the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) MPEG2 standards. This facility
offers vendors the opportunity to test product interoperability with
other vendors\' products as well as with NIST\'s VoD implementation.

In addition to the interoperability tests of VoD applications, we
conducted experiments on the transport of digital video information over
ATM networks. In a collaborative effort with Bellcore and Bell Atlantic,
we used a Bellcore prototype Video Dial Tone system to test transfer of
video over multiple wide area networks. ATM networks between New Jersey
and Maryland were used in these tests, which specifically addressed the
impact of ATM quality of service (QoS) parameters on the performance of
the digital video application.

# **Wireless Technologies** 

Wireless technology is emerging as an important new area of network
research. To meet the interoperability and scaling challenges of the
effective use of wireless technology, we are strengthening the Wireless
Technologies Group to give it a stronger research focus.

## 

## Multimedia and Digital Video

The Multimedia and Digital Video Group works with industry to promote
the development of cost-effective, interoperable, distributed multimedia
applications and to enable the development of digital video technologies
for broadcast, interactive television, video-on-demand, and video
conferencing. The group focuses on three areas: measurement techniques
for characterization of distributed multimedia technologies and digital
video devices and services; techniques for integrating multimedia
services with network technologies; and industry-driven standards for
multimedia technologies and digital video devices and services. The
video-on-demand work is done in collaboration with the High Speed
Network Technologies Group.

In collaboration with MITRE and Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), the
group works on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
Intelligent Collaboration and Visualization Program (IC&V) program. The
goal is to identify and apply an evaluation and benchmarking approach to
the collaboration infrastructure and applications that will be developed
with DARPA funding.

As the Internet has gained popularity over the past decade, the need for
collaborative multimedia conferencing and application sharing systems
has risen significantly. Application sharing allows participants to view
and interact with the same application (e.g., spreadsheet) during their
conference. These systems are beginning to play large roles in research,
education (e.g., distance learning), and business.

In collaboration with Old Dominion University, ITL is designing and
implementing an adaptable and extensible architecture for
platform-independent multimedia conferencing and collaborative
application sharing. The JCE (Java Collaborative Environment) uses
Java-based collaboration mechanisms that provide solutions to overcome
the platform-dependency problems for collaborative computing in
heterogeneous systems. The Java programming language produces bytecodes
that can be run on any platform which has a Java Virtual Machine. This
enables application developers to write the application once and have it
run anywhere.

# 

# **Internetworking Technologies**

Division personnel actively participate in the design, standardization,
development, and testing of next- generation internetworking technology.
These activities focus on current design and standardization efforts
within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to add significant new
functionality to the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). Our efforts
concentrate in areas that hold promise for the most significant
improvements to the capabilities of the IPS infrastructure: network
security technology, the next-generation internetwork protocol (IPv6),
and protocols and architectures to support integrated services.

In the area of network security technology, staff members took a
leadership role in the IETF and vendor community in the design and
standardization of internetwork layer security protocols, known as
IPsec. IPsec protocols are designed to provide authentication,
integrity, and confidentiality services to both the current IP protocol
(IPv4) and IPv6. We concentrate our current efforts on IPv4 because of
the high level of interest in fielding Internet security technology as
quickly as possible.

At the request of IETF directors, ITL staff collaborated with key
industry partners to develop several specifications for emerging IPsec
protocols. Our staff co-authored IPsec protocol specifications with
Cisco Systems, Inc., Bay Networks, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, the
National Security Agency, and Sable Systems.

In addition to providing leadership in IETF standards development, we
designed and developed *Cerberus*, a leading- edge prototype and
reference implementation of the latest IPsec specifications. Cerberus
serves as a publicly available reference implementation and a platform
for ongoing research on advanced issues in IPsec technology.

To answer an industry call for more frequent and accessible
interoperability testing for emerging commercial implementations of
IPsec technology, we developed the NIST IPsec WWW-based Interoperability
Tester (*IPsec-WIT*). IPsec-WIT is built around the Cerberus prototype
and ubiquitous WWW technology and allows implementers to remotely
execute series of interoperability tests against the NIST reference
implementation. IPsec-WIT also serves as an experiment in test system
architectures and technologies. The novel use of WWW technology allows
IPsec-WIT to provide interoperability testing services anytime and
anywhere without requiring any distribution of test system software or
relocation of the systems under test. Work is currently underway to
expand Cerberus and IPsec-WIT to support emerging key management
protocols and to address IPv6 in addition to IPv4.

In the area of integrated services, we focused our initial efforts on
test and instrumentation tools to foster early experimentation with
emerging IETF signaling, routing, and transport protocols for real-time
traffic. Our tools address the gap between the capabilities of new
network services and the requirements and capabilities of new and
existing applications. Two of the most difficult aspects of engineering
performance sensitive applications are being able to realistically test
and measure the behavior of such applications in a controlled laboratory
environment, and understanding how to map application requirements to
new, real-time network services.

To address the first issue, we developed the NIST Network Emulation Tool
(*NIST Net*) that enables experimentation with arbitrary IP network
performance dynamics in a simple laboratory setting. The tool allows
developers to use inexpensive PC components to experiment with
bandwidth, delay, congestion, and corruption dynamics commonly
experienced in large, wide area networks (e.g., the public Internet) and
new subnetwork technologies (e.g., xDSL, cable modems).

To address the second issue, staff members developed the Integrated
Services Protocol Instrument (*ISPI*). The ISPI tool enables one to
measure the performance of real-time data streams transmitted over IP
networks and to experiment with resource reservations without modifying
existing applications. ISPI is capable of measuring in real-time the
performance seen by applications distributed at various points in the
network and to dynamically adjust the real-time attributes of the
underlying network service.

**COMPUTER SECURITY DIVISION**

**Chief: Stuart Katzke**

**Group Managers: Miles Smid, Security Technology**

**Tim Grance, Systems and Network Security**

As information technology (IT) and electronic commerce become integral
to all aspects of the government and private sectors, the security and
protection of that technology becomes critical. Both industry and
government require swift, seamless, and secure computer systems and
networks to compete in the global marketplace. Our Computer Security
Division emphasizes the development of vital tests and test methods,
reference data, proof-of-concept implementations, and technical analyses
needed by government and industry. These products, tools, and techniques
enable security technology developers, vendors, and integrators to
deliver high-quality, reliable products into the marketplace.

The NIST Computer Security program has six primary focus areas:

-   **Cryptographic Technology and Applications** - to help establish
    common cryptographic security technology (algorithms, functionality,
    and interfaces) to support information technology (IT) systems and
    networks. This also includes development of conformance tests for
    cryptographic-based security technology and management of the NIST
    Cryptographic Module Validation Program.

-   **Public Key Infrastructure** - to enable establishment of a
    nationwide (ultimately, global) infrastructure for managing public
    key certificates needed to facilitate data integrity,
    authentication, access control, non-repudiation, and data
    confidentiality services in global applications.

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-   **Internetworking Security** - to ensure that incident prevention,
    detection, reaction, and information sharing capabilities are
    embedded in the technical and operational fabric of IT systems and
    networks.

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-   **Criteria and Assurance** - to ensure the availability of
    affordable, reliable, and trustworthy security technology, systems,
    and products for use in IT systems and networks.

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-   **Security Management and Support** - to provide direct support and
    other guidance to ensure effective use and management of security
    technology. Activities include the National Information Systems
    Security Conference and a number of special projects.

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-   **Cryptographic Key Recovery** - to develop tests and validate
    standards for systems that provide for the recovery of cryptographic
    keys used for confidentiality in the event that such keys are not
    available from the originator.

The following are highlights of activities and accomplishments of the
Computer Security Division in FY 97.

**Advanced Encryption Standard**

In anticipation of future needs for the next generation of high-quality
cryptography, the division initiated the development of an Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES) that will provide a strong cryptoalgorithm for
use by the public and private sectors in protecting sensitive
unclassified information for the next 20 to 30 years. A *Federal
Register* notice of January 2, 1997, announced NIST's intent to develop
an AES and proposed minimum acceptability requirements and evaluation
factors. Draft submission requirements for candidate algorithms were
also announced. An AES Requirements Workshop attracted about 80
participants from industry, government, and academia, including
representatives from Canada, the UK, Belgium, and Japan.

In September 1997, NIST issued a public call for submission of candidate
algorithms. After the call period closes on June 15, 1998, NIST will
make all submissions available for public review and analysis. Through a
series of open workshops and public review periods, NIST will select the
best algorithm for the AES based on its ability to provide the required
level of security first, then on cost and flexibility considerations.
For more information, visit NIST's Computer Security Resource
Clearinghouse Web site at http://csrc.nist.gov/encryption.

**Cryptographic Module Validation Program**

The Cryptographic Module Validation (CMV) Program has resulted in the
validation of four cryptographic modules as complying with Federal
Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-1, *Security Requirements for
Cryptographic Modules*. This included the validation of Netscape
Security Module 1, by Netscape Communications Corporation, for use by
federal agencies. In addition to Netscape\'s software module, Entrust
Technologies has received two validations for software modules used in
their Entrust family of products. These modules received an overall
rating of Level 1, which may be sufficient for many user\'s security
needs. Four hardware cryptomodules have also received validations,
including Fortezza PC Cards from National Semiconductor, Mykotronx, and
SPYRUS, in addition to a module used in some of Motorola\'s radios. The
radio module received a security rating of Level 1, while all three
Fortezza cards have been validated at Level 2.

FIPS 140-1 specifies four separate levels of security provided by
Cryptographic Modules with each level providing increased security and
assurance. The Netscape Module was validated for secure email,
certificate management, and password management and received an overall
rating at Level 2. These validations expand choices for federal agencies
in securing sensitive information over the Internet.

The CMV program is a joint effort between NIST and the Communications
Security Establishment (CSE) of the Government of Canada. ITL and CSE
serve as validation authorities for the program. Currently, there are
three National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP)
accredited laboratories that test cryptographic modules. Currently, the
laboratories are testing approximately two dozen varying types of
cryptomodules, which will be posted to the Cryptographic Modules
Validation List as they are validated by NIST and CSE.

For more information on FIPS 140-1, validated modules, and the
accredited laboratories, visit the Web site at
http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval.

**Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)**

Without a common infrastructure to support the issuance, management,
distribution, and verification of public key certificates, the full
benefits of cryptographic services will not be achievable. NIST is
leading efforts to develop such a public key infrastructure (PKI). In
July 1997, we coordinated a Public Forum on Certificate Authorities and
Digital Signatures: Enhancing Global Electronic Commerce sponsored by
the Department of Commerce. The forum provided an opportunity for the
public to comment on various issues of the public key infrastructure
related to certificate authority and digital signatures.

Many of the U.S. Government\'s PKI activities are coordinated through
the Federal PKI Steering Committee. NIST chairs the Technical Working
Group of the steering committee and hosts meetings of the committee
itself. The working group has produced several technical documents on
PKI issues, including an overall PKI Concept of Operations and PKI
architectural and policy analyses. Industry participation in the PKI
development process showed a marked increase in 1997.

In a related activity, ITL developed the Minimum Interoperability
Specification for Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Components (MISPC)
with the cooperation of ten industry partners under Cooperative Research
and Development Agreements. The MISPC provides a basis for
interoperation between PKI components from different vendors. The
specification supports interoperability for a large-scale PKI that
issues, revokes, and manages public key certificates that bind public
keys used for digital signatures to their owners. Interoperable PKIs are
essential as more and more business transactions are carried out
electronically. The work is published as NIST Special Publication
800-15.

Key features introduced by the MISPC have been incorporated into
industry standards, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
PKIX (Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509) documents. The convergence
of PKI specifications increases vendor and consumer confidence and
encourages the development and procurement of PKI components.

**Key Recovery Standard**

NIST serves as secretariat for the Technical Advisory Committee for the
development of a Federal Key Management Infrastructure. This advisory
committee, which met six times in 1997, was established to obtain
private-sector assistance in the development of needed cryptographic key
management services for the government. As participants in an
Interagency Key Recovery Demonstration Project, we established the Pilot
Root Certification Authority (CA) and developed Pilot Tests. We also
conducted a Broad Agency Announcement for Key Recovery System
Components.

**National Information Assurance Partnership (NIAP)**

To promote the independent evaluation of security products, NIST and the
National Security Agency (NSA) formed the National Information Assurance
Partnership (NIAP). This new federal initiative focuses on ensuring the
security of information technology systems and networks through
cost-effective testing, evaluation, and certification programs. The
partnership encourages the availability of objective measures and test
methods for evaluating the quality of information technology security
products.

The NIAP will develop tools, test methods, and tests for
specification-based information technology security products. This means
that the security functionality and assurance requirements of a product
or system must be formally described or specified. These specifications

then form the basis for the development and conduct of tests for the
product or for a class of product (e.g., for a firewall, an access
control device, or even a network router).

In addition, NIAP will promote the development of commercial testing
laboratories to provide testing and evaluation services that will meet
the demands of both producers and users. NIST's National Voluntary
Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) will be the basis for much of
the NIAP test laboratory accreditation efforts. The program should help
producers increase the value and competitiveness of their products (in
the U.S. and abroad) through the availability of formal, independent
testing and certification. NIAP efforts will help users in both public
and private sectors by providing a sound and reliable basis for the
evaluation, comparison, and selection of security products.

Initial industry reaction to the new partnership has been very positive.
NIST and NSA are committed to the National Performance Review goal of
transferring methodologies and techniques to private-sector
laboratories. Accordingly, the agencies registered the NIAP as a
National Performance Review Reinvention Laboratory through the
Department of Defense in September 1997. Visit the NIAP home page at
http://niap.nist.gov/.

**Common Criteria (CC)**

The internationally developed Common Criteria (CC) are the focus of much
of NIAP\'s work. The CC provides a comprehensive, rigorous method for
specifying security functionality and assurance requirements for
products (or classes of products), usually in the form of protection

profiles (PPs). The CC provides an internationally recognized basis for
specifying and testing a wide range of security technology, from
components to products and systems. For more information on the CC,
visit our Web site at http://csrc.nist.gov/nistpubs/cc/.

**Role Based Access Control (RBAC)**

U.S. industry is increasingly using ITL's RBAC research in new product
development. Corporations using the RBAC mechanism include the Secure
Computing Corporation and Sybase, Inc. Citing the fact that in the
software industry there is a premium on bringing new functionality to
market quickly, Sybase was able to reduce significantly the development
time of the next version of the SQL Server, Adaptive Server Enterprise
11.5 that will include a robust RBAC mechanism based on ITL research.

Under a CRADA, SETA Corporation and NIST are working together to modify
the RBAC administrative tool, for use in an SQL/RDBMS environment. Open
Group, a consortium that includes nearly every major software and
computer vendor, is developing a new security system, Adage, that will
be used in a variety of Internet applications. Adage is being designed
to include a number of security features that have been derived from the
RBAC security model. As a result of NIST's success in transferring its
RBAC technology, the ITL RBAC research and development team won the 1998
Federal Laboratory Consortium Award for Excellence in Technology
Transfer.

ITL developed the first formal, general model for RBAC, which provides
access to IT resources based on a user's role in an organization. A
joint project of the Computer Security Division and the Software
Diagnostics and Conformance Testing Division, researchers are developing
a technical specification, including a formal description, of RBAC on
the Web. Also being developed is a proof-of-concept model implementing
RBAC. Three patents on this research are in process.

**FedCIRC**

The number and complexity of Internet-related incidents increased in the
past year. With start-up funding from the Government Information
Technology Services (GITS) Innovation Fund Committee, ITL coordinated
the establishment of the Federal Computer Incident Response Capability
(FedCIRC). FedCIRC provides a capability to assist federal civilian
agencies in their incident handling efforts by providing proactive and
reactive computer security-related services, cost-reimbursable technical
assistance, and technical support. To date FedCIRC has six subscribers:
the Department of Justice, the Department of State, the U.S. Customs
Service, the Department of Agriculture National Finance Center, the
General Services Administration Federal Supply Systems, and the
Department of the Treasury Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms.

**Security Management and Support**

**Computer Security Resource Clearinghouse** - To facilitate access to
NIST publications and guidance, as well as a wide variety of other
sources of computer security information, we maintain the Computer
Security Resource Clearinghouse (CSRC). The CSRC is a World Wide Web
(WWW) site containing references to or electronic copies of many NIST
computer security documents as well as links to many other valuable
resources available on the Web. The address of the CSRC is
http://csrc.nist.gov.

**National Information Systems Security Conference** - NIST co-sponsors,
with the National Security Agency, the annual National Information
Systems Security Conference (formerly the National Computer Security
Conference). The conference, one of the largest of its kind, provides a
forum for the government, commercial, and academic communities to come
together to discuss the latest developments in information security
technology.

**Agency and Public Input** - In addition, NIST serves as secretariat
for advisory committees and other groups designed to further discussion,
cooperation, and coordination among the key communities in the
information security field. Two notable groups are the Computer Systems
Security and Privacy Advisory Board (CSSPAB), which met four times in
1997, and the Federal Computer Security Program Managers Forum, which
met six times in 1997.

**Agency Assistance and Collaboration** - The NIST Computer Security
Division is frequently called upon by other agencies to assist with or
collaborate in IT security-related analyses, program development, or
technology implementation. In FY 1997, we undertook a number of such
projects. NIST participated in an interagency Collaborations in Internet
Security (CIS) project to enable multiple-agency use of advances in IT
security technology and products. NIST was also involved in supporting
standards and guidance development for the Health Insurance Portability
and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1997. As in previous years, NIST also
produced several ITL Bulletins that addressed IT security topics of
current interest.

**INFORMATION ACCESS AND USER INTERFACES DIVISION**

**Chief (Acting): Martin Herman**

**Group Managers: David Pallett, Spoken Natural Language Processing**

**Donna Harman, Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval**

**Charles Wilson, Visual Image Processing**

**Sharon Laskowski, Visualization and Virtual Reality**

The Information Access and User Interfaces Division accelerates the
development of technologies that allow intuitive, efficient access,
manipulation, and exchange of complex information by developing and
coordinating measurement methods, evaluation methodologies, test suites
and corpora, prototypes, workshops, and standards.

**Spoken Natural Language Processing**

The Spoken Natural Language Processing Group advances the state of the
art of spoken language processing technologies, which serve as an
alternative modality for the human-computer interface. They are also
used to provide transcripts from speech input that can be searched to
provide relevant excerpts of audio. We develop test procedures,
coordinate community-wide benchmark tests, provide reference materials
(speech corpora) used by the research and development community, and
build prototype testbed systems.

The group has worked with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) spoken language community since 1984, and has played a key role
in the development of speech corpora (databases of speech,
transcriptions, and related materials) for the research community to use
in both system development and benchmark tests. Over 200 CD-ROMs
containing these corpora have been produced by ITL and are used
throughout the worldwide speech research community.

Benchmark tests, which we have implemented within this community since
1987, are used to track the development of several speech technologies
including English and multi-lingual speech recognition and
understanding, spotting technologies, language identification, and most
recently, spoken document retrieval. These tests, which provide
diagnostic information that helps to identify strengths and weaknesses
in the technology, have facilitated increased accuracy and robustness of
the technology over time.

The scope of speech recognition technologies under development and test
within our community now includes recognition of conversational
telephone-channel speech in several foreign languages, including
Spanish, Mandarin, Japanese, Arabic, and German. In FY 1997, we
implemented large vocabulary continuous speech recognition benchmark
tests for DARPA's Human Language Systems Program and other Department of
Defense agencies with participation of U.S. and international
government-sponsored organizations.

ITL's work has helped to move the research community into real
application domains by designing new benchmark tests and test materials
using "found" speech from television and radio news broadcasts involving
background noise and music, foreign dialects, spontaneous and
conversational speech, varying recording/channel effects, and
unconstrained vocabularies. Continuous speech recognition benchmark
tests now include audio recordings from radio and television news
broadcasts in Spanish and Mandarin as well as English. Error rates for
the task decreased substantially over the last three years.

In conjunction with the Natural Language Processing and Information
Retrieval Group, our group organized the first benchmark test of spoken
document retrieval (SDR) technology which involves the retrieval of
excerpts from collections of audio recordings. Since SDR is implemented
by applying information retrieval techniques to the output of speech
recognition systems, the benchmark test provided the opportunity for
speech research organizations to work with information retrieval
organizations. Fourteen organizations participated in the SDR test and 3
of the 13 submitted systems were joint efforts between speech
recognition and information retrieval organizations. Several sites had
SDR results which were nearly comparable to their retrieval on
human-generated control transcripts and demonstrated that successful
retrieval can be performed with current speech recognition technology.

We developed a portable UNIX-based software package (SCLITE) for scoring
the performance of speech recognition systems, and we use this software
to score, tabulate, and analyze results for the speech recognition
benchmark tests we administer. Publicly available, SCLITE is used
internally by many research organizations to evaluate their speech
recognition systems. It produces a variety of performance reports and
includes implementations of several paired-comparison statistical tests.
These tests, developed in part with the assistance of the Statistical
Engineering Division, quantify the significance of performance
differences across systems.

We initiated the development of an interactive spoken document retrieval
evaluation testbed. When complete, the modular system will permit us to
explore measurement and evaluation techniques for speech recognition and
understanding, spoken document retrieval, adaptive language modeling,
information acquisition, and human-computer interaction.

**Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval**

This group promotes the use of more effective and efficient techniques
for manipulating unstructured textual information, especially the
browsing, searching, and presentation of that information. The work is
accomplished via three complementary mechanisms: the creation of testing
materials and metrics for text retrieval, the sponsorship of the annual
Text REtrieval Conference (TREC), and the ongoing investigation of
specific issues in text access using in-house prototypes.

In past years we developed testing material for evaluating text
retrieval in English (over 5 gigabytes of test documents and 300 test
questions), created the first test collections ever built for retrieval
in Spanish and Chinese, and produced new metrics and testing material
for evaluating retrieval using input produced by degraded optical
character recognition (OCR). All these testing materials and metrics
were first used as part of the evaluation of participating systems in
TREC, and then distributed for use by researchers in industry and
academia.

During 1997 we expanded this effort into new areas. In cooperation with
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), we produced the first
test collection for evaluation of cross-language retrieval, i.e., the
retrieval of documents in different languages than the input query
language. This testing material is comprised mainly

of newswire data in three languages: English, French, and German. The 25
test questions built are also in these languages, to enable testing in
both a monolingual and a cross-lingual mode.

Additionally, in cooperation with the Spoken Natural Language Processing
Group, we created testing material for the evaluation of speech
retrieval against 50 hours of broadcast news. New metrics and evaluation
methodologies were developed for using this material in TREC-6. As a
third project for TREC-6, the group provided extensive

guidance to the Australian National University during their creation of
a very large (20-gigabyte) corpus for use in testing the efficiency of
search engines.

A final project for TREC-6 involved the design and implementation of a
new testing methodology for evaluating interactive text retrieval. With
major help from the Statistical Engineering Division, we created an
experimental design involving the use of a control system to help
separate the various factors in the performance of interactive systems.
NIST\'s ZPRISE retrieval system was slightly modified for use as the
control system, and nine TREC-6 groups participated in this experimental
evaluation test.

The TREC-6 conference, the latest in the ongoing series of conferences
designed to improve text retrieval algorithms, took place in November
1997. This conference, co-sponsored by NIST and DARPA, attracts
international participation from information retrieval researchers in
industry, academia, and government. The conference, which has grown from
25 systems in 1992 to 51 systems in 1997, serves as a major
technology-transfer mechanism in the field. Participating groups worked
with large (NIST-built) test collections, used the same evaluation
procedures, and met for a three-day workshop to compare techniques and
results. In 1997 there were ten areas of testing: retrieval in English
in both new query and standing query modes, retrieval in Chinese,
cross-language retrieval, speech retrieval, filtering, interactive
retrieval, high-precision retrieval, retrieval using natural language
processing techniques, and retrieval using a 20-gigabyte corpus.

Other areas of research during 1997 included successful experiments
building a simple German stemmer and decompounder for use in the TREC-6
cross-language task, the initial design work for a digital library for
access to archival publications in information retrieval, and the user
testing of a pilot search system (EAMATE) in conjunction with the Social
Security Administration (SSA). The group\'s prototype search engine
(PRISE) was used in an experiment to develop better search algorithms
based on the type of documents being searched. This experiment led to a
revision in the current algorithm. A client/server version of this
search engine, called ZPRISE, continued to be distributed as public
domain software, and was sent to 30 additional institutions in 1997.

The group worked on two projects particularly oriented towards improved
hypermedia access, including the Web. The HyperIndexer project, with
SSA, continued its investigation into the building of automatic links,
including a small user test of the effectiveness of these links. Along
with changes to the prototype based on this testing, new work has
started on the automatic creation of embedded links. The second project
involves the design and building of test metrics for usability
evaluation of Web sites remotely. This project, called WebMetrics, is
being conducted jointly with the Visualization and Virtual Reality
Group, and has already resulted in experimental testing of three very
different Web sites.

**Visual Image Processing**

ITL supports the technology of image recognition in government and
industry by developing new image recognition methods, developing
techniques for the evaluation of existing methods, and providing
technology transfer to the commercial imaging and document conversion
industry.

In cooperation with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, we developed
methods for the evaluation of fingerprint applications and mugshot
standards. The goal of the mugshot standards project is to develop a
standard method for acquiring electronic mugshots which is usable at all
levels of law enforcement. Also in 1997, we initiated a project to
explore combining a fingerprint biometric with existing digital
signature standards. This project will allow electronic law enforcement
records to be authenticated with a digital signature accessible only
after a matched fingerprint has been used to verify the identity of the
sender.

In 1997 researchers in the optical information processing project began
to develop evaluation methods for system components of pattern
recognition and holographic memory systems. The goal of this project is
to develop the metrology needed to industrialize optical information
processing using a real commercial application as a test bed. Initially,
we explored the feasibility of optical methods of image storage, 3D
holography, and combining optical correlation and neural networks for
fingerprint matching.

These efforts showed that properly characterized 3D analog holographic
memory has capabilities for image storage which is sufficient to support
various correlation methods of pattern recognition. In the initial phase
of the project, we also showed that a combination of local optical
correlation and neural network matching can be used to provide the first
advance on minutia matching in 20 years. If properly combined, these
methods should allow a new class of optical pattern matching system to
be developed. This will require development on new measurement methods
to characterize components of the system, such as the input and output
devices, and the development of new phase coherent optical
computer-aided design (CAD) methods. A researcher from Carnegie Mellon
University worked with the group on these new measurement methods.

The expertise developed in this project allowed us to specify a high
impact commercial application which could use this technology. This is
real-time fingerprint matching for user verification for financial use,
credit, law enforcement, and Internet security. The Financial Services
Technology Consortium is interested in the first application and several
small companies are pursuing the network access market. In both
applications, fingerprint matching, retinal scan matching, and face
recognition have all been suggested. The projected costs, the input
device, and user inconvenience make fingerprint and face matching more
attractive candidates than retinal scanning. At the present state of the
technology, fingerprint matching provides much higher levels of
security. In samples of a few thousand, look‑alike faces can usually be
found. In 30 million fingerprint samples, no matches have been found
between different individuals.

In 1997, the group began an initial investigation of new pattern
recognition methods based on the statistical learning theories of V. N.
Vapnik. This project may provide a more accurate method of pattern
recognition and should allow the performance effects associated with the
distributions functions of the testing and training sets to be more
accurately evaluated.

Work continues on cost-effective document conversion technology in
cooperation with the National Security Agency (NSA). Commercial
off-the-shelf (COTS) technology for many areas of document conversion is
widely used for tasks such as universal library conversion but this
technology does not address the need for large-scale, timely conversion
of low-quality documents and the impact of this type of conversion on
information retrieval. Studies at NIST which evaluate COTS solutions to
this problem show that for high-quality images, COTS packages all
perform well; on medium-quality images, some COTS packages perform well
enough to be useful; and on low-quality documents, no COTS package
performs well enough to be useful.

In 1997, our group collaborated with the Natural Language Processing and
Information Retrieval Group and NSA to organize a committee to run the
METTREC Conference (Metadata Text Retrieval Conference). Conferences of
this type have been used in the case of OCR and TREC to define and focus
both commercial and academic research efforts on specific problem areas.
These conferences provide high leverage for potential government users
and aid in technology evaluation by encouraging exchange of research
ideas and by demonstrating the strengths and identifying areas requiring
future work in the selected technologies.

Initially, METTREC will use 67,000 pages of the Federal Register (the
entire year 1994) which have full typesetting instructions and paper
documents. This allows comparison of images generated by typesetting
with real images on scanned paper and enables assessment of OCR
techniques in generating images. Initially, this comparison took place
in a subset of the data in the 1996 TREC Conference. The results
demonstrated that word error rates from OCR in the 5 percent range had
little effect on retrieval. Future tests in METTREC should demonstrate
the effects of 40 to 50 percent error rates that COTS packages produce
on low-quality documents.

**Visualization and Virtual Reality**

Information visualization is receiving much attention within the
human-computer interaction and graphics research communities because it
holds promise as a technology that will enable the display and
exploration of large, complex information spaces. The Visualization and
Virtual Reality Group advances the state of the art in information
visualization and virtual environment technology through the development
of evaluation methodologies, benchmarks, and metrics that address the
usability and scalability of three-dimensional visualization approaches
and through the creation of proof-of-concept prototypes, benchmark data
sets, and formats for simplifying the integration of visualization tools
with applications. Secondarily, the group seeks to develop evaluation
methodologies for leading-edge human computer interaction technologies
that support information access.

In FY 1997, ITL developed several three-dimensional interfaces to the
NIST PRISE information retrieval system to support easier access to
document collections. These systems now form the basis of experiments to
support the evaluation of the effectiveness of such interfaces. The
group continues to pursue opportunities within the information retrieval
and digital library communities to supply appropriate evaluation
methodologies and guidelines that will leverage the technology to
support innovative

uses of visual displays of information for information retrieval.

A second project, begun three years ago, centers around investigating
the appropriateness of virtual environments and the Virtual Reality
Modeling Language (VRML) for manufacturing applications. The project is
affiliated

with users and developers through a collaboration with NIST's
Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory and the Systems Integration for
Manufacturing Applications program. The goal is to assist the
manufacturing community in exploring how visualization can improve the
manufacturing process. This led to the software modeling of factory
floor assembly lines, machine tools, and parts with all associated
multimedia information as a virtual environment in VRML.

The VIM (Visual Interface for Manufacturing) prototype was constructed
in FY 1996 and supported an investigation of the feasibility and
usability of Web-based virtual environments for modeling manufacturing
processes. This was followed by a successful effort in translating
various 3D designs and physical models into VRML2 and integrating into
one VRML2 model. We also acquired data from the Consumer Product Safety
Commission consisting of detailed infant and child measurements. This
database was placed into electronic form and converted to VRML models of
children via a human body motion simulation package. The VRML models and
data developed by ITL have been integrated into several commercial
packages.

We continued collaborating with researchers who have formed a group to
develop large datasets to support the visualization and data mining
community. The goal is to create large, public datasets in which
researchers can experiment with and evaluate the effectiveness of
visualization techniques to support information exploration. This is
similar to efforts in the machine learning community, but with an
emphasis on very large, timely datasets. In FY 1997, we successfully
participated in a comparison of visualization and mining techniques for
the first dataset.

We also continued our work with the DARPA Intelligent Collaboration and
Visualization Program. As part of an evaluation effort designed to
provide evaluation tools for DARPA-funded researchers, this year we
developed a framework for evaluation of collaborative systems and
associated scenario templates and test scenarios. This framework will be
valuable as there currently exists a large body of knowledge about
collaborative systems and computer-supported cooperative work, but no
easy way to structure and apply this knowledge across the many
dimensions of group work and technologies.

**HIGH PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS AND SERVICES DIVISION**

**Chief: Dean Collins**

**Group Managers: Gordon Lyon, Scalable Parallel Systems and
Applications**

**Jack Newmeyer, High Performance Systems Usage**

**John Antonishek, Network and Telecommunications Systems**

Developers and users of high performance computing technologies need
tests, test methods, and innovative measurement standards to produce
high-quality products and to evaluate the products. The division
assesses the functionality, interoperability, and operational
characteristics of high performance systems to assist industry and
users. It also provides high performance computing and
telecommunications services to NIST researchers.

**S-Check**

S-Check is NIST's novel tool for assaying and improving performance of
parallel and networked programs. This year researchers expanded the
capability of S-Check by developing extensions of the tool. S-Check
augmentations now allow users to acquire the tool with either
syntax-checking of C code or with a capacity to handle multi-languages
without syntax-checking (variant S-Check ML). R&D Magazine selected
S-Check ® as a R&D 100 Award Winner for 1997. The tool is available at:
http://cmr.ncsl.nist.gov/scheck/scheck.html.

S-Check is especially suited for improving code running on parallel
systems, where component interactions are common but difficult to
evaluate with conventional profiler tools. Displayed in color graphical
formats, results from S-Check provide programmers with quantitative
predictions on the effect of code improvements in their programs without
actually requiring the changes to be made, saving a lot of time. With
the added extensions, the tool is stable and mature for extended
marketing to a wide variety of users.

**Distributed Systems Technologies**

ITL is working with industry to apply MultiKron boards for assessing the
performance of systems of various sizes. The MultiKron series of Very
Large Scale Integration (VLSI) instrumentation chips and interface
boards are measurement tools that promote the development of high
performance computing and flexible, scalable systems. The Microsoft
Corporation expressed an interest in applying the board to normal
applications on multi-processor machines, to video servers where
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) utilization and synchronization
are important, and to client server and cluster performance applications
where a synchronized timebase is important. ITL provided four MultiKron
boards to Microsoft and is working with the company to enhance the
functionality of the technology, particularly in the area of clustering.

Work continues on our public server asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
cluster "Buffet," a demonstration testbed for distributed clustered
computing for the NIST technical community. We added and tested
representative programs on the cluster, and installed 16 Pentium Pro
machines on the cluster to provide substantial compute power to message
passing interface (MPI) users on the ATM network. Many MPI programmers
use a Single-Program Multiple-Data (SPMD) model that assumes a
homogeneous set of processors; the Pentiums provide this base set.

**Time Synchronization for Distributed Computing**

Synchronized clocks are important in the distributed computing market,
where they support commerce, security,

monitoring, and billing. The NIST Physics Laboratory (PL) provides a
synchronization service on the Internet with 10ms precision; the service
receives about two million synchronization requests per day. NIST would
like to increase the precision of the service by overcoming the problems
of variability of delays, to one microsecond.

ITL is developing a hardware supplement employing our MultiKron ®
clocking chip and low-cost commercial global positioning system (GPS)
receivers. We are testing the hardware implementation for this
application. Although such hardware support is sufficient to achieve
higher precision time synchronization, the cost and availability of such
specialized hardware limit its use. PL and ITL will investigate
distributed software time synchronization algorithms targeted to achieve
one microsecond precision and use this NIST hardware support
instrumentation to evaluate the precision achieved and identify the
impediments encountered. These low-cost techniques and guidelines can
then be transferred to industry.

**Interoperable Message Passing Interface**

ITL and industry are working together to define an interoperable message
passing interface (IMPI) standard.

In September 1997, ITL hosted the third Interoperable Message Passing
Interface (IMPI) Workshop. All major U.S. computer vendors participate
in this effort; representatives of these vendors as well as
representatives from the embedded computing community attended the
workshop. The group agreed that implementation of IMPI by the vendors
would go on in parallel with the standard definition in order to get the
most information on the choices made. The release of the first standard,
IMPI-1, is expected by December 1998.

**WebSubmit**

ITL researchers continued to enhance WebSubmit, an advanced Intranet
application tool that provides a Web page interface to supercomputing
applications. It differs from other Web applications because it allows
interaction with a user's data files and directories on the target
supercomputer as if the user were logged on. The advantage of a
Web-based interface is that it is hardware- and software-independent; it
depends only on whatever Web browser the user has available.

The current implementation of WebSubmit provides an interface to an IBM
SP2 running the IBM LoadLeveler job scheduler. It supports general
LoadLeveler use, utility operations on the SP2, and an
application-specific interface

to Gaussian94, a computational chemistry package. All of the Web pages
are dynamically generated with common gateway interface (CGI) scripts
written in Tcl. The Tcl code is modular, making the addition of new
interfaces very easy, and simple to customize for a particular SP2 site.
Future enhancements will include the addition of a NIST-developed
cryptography toolkit for security, a generalized module constructor, as
well as extension to other computer environments. Software developers
and Web-page designers have requested information about this tool.

**Parallel Library for NIST Staff**

Work continued on the development of a portable parallel library for
NIST users. We wrote a simple version of a "reproducible parallel Random
Number Generator" called rrandom_array(). It produces the same array or
the number of processors the array is distributed across.

For heterogeneous cluster computing based upon MPI, we added "unions" to
the AutoMap/AutoLink utility set, enhancing the ability of NIST users to
send data structures over network connections. Similarly, the NIST tool
PADE can now manage DPARLIB code (the NIST parallel library) on multiple
platforms.

Due in part to library development by ITL staff, the SP2 is now being
used as a true parallel machine. The SP2's 16-node queue is in greatest
demand by users, indicating that NIST users are adopting parallel coding
techniques.

**CD-Electronic Book**

The CD-Electronic Book project demonstrated for the NIST staff the use
of Microsoft Word and Powerpoint to simulate the features of an
electronic book with touch-screen display. The software simulated
electronic pagination, annotation, and electronic dictionary functions.
Work is underway to use Visual Basic for the two-page version of the
book.

**Flat Panel Display**

ITL played a significant role in the development of several recent
standards within Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA), an
industry standards association which develops display-related voluntary
industry standards. Flat panel displays are an essential enabling
technology for portable computers, desktop monitors, and instruments.
Panel architecture makes proper timing much more critical than for
cathode ray tube (CRT) displays; failure to meet the timing requirements
can cause permanent damage to the panel. The standard timings and \"plug
and play\" compatibility of CRTs have not been available for flat panel
displays, an omission that VESA is moving to correct.

At VESA's request, researchers analyzed flat panel display interface
timing characteristics, based on product information submitted by
manufacturers to ITL which conducted an impartial analysis. The
necessary timing characteristics were derived, analyzed, and reported to
VESA as general information without brand names or product
identification. This information will be used as the technical
foundation for a new standard for interfacing flat panels and other
digital input displays to computers.

Co-sponsored by ITL and VESA, the Display Forum '97 Workshop in October
1997 attracted 85 representatives, mostly from industry. Future trends
of the display industry were discussed and recommendations were made on
ways in which ITL can continue to support industry in this work.

**Advanced Information Processing, Recognition and Storage Systems**

Work continued on developing simulation models for ATM network
architectures that include Network-Attached Storage Devices. We also
established an optical tape testing laboratory, led an industry effort
to define dynamic optical tape testing methods, and initiated the
development of a digital media error test system with remote testing
capabilities.

We initiated work under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement
(CRADA) with Calimetrics, Inc., for the investigation of test methods,
standards, and High Performance Distributed Computing applications for
CD-ROM and Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)-based optical data storage
subsystems. We led an industry effort to specify prototype metadata for
the portability of sequential storage media (including optical tape)
between File Storage Management Systems (FSMSs). A staff member,
Fernando Podio, was appointed by the Association of Information and
Image Management (AIIM) as the chair of the FSMS Subcommittee to lead
the effort of developing an industry standard based on the metadata
specification. This effort received wide industrial support among FSMS
vendors and mass storage and high performance computing users.

ITL worked with the AIIM Optical Tape Study Group to develop a
preliminary set of media specifications and identified a methodology for
dynamic testing of optical tape. These proposals were submitted to AIIM
for the development of industry optical tape standards: Write-Once Read
Many Times (WORM) Optical Tape Cartridges in a \"3480\" form factor; and
\"Media Error Monitoring and Reporting Information (MEMRI) to Verify the
Integrity of Stored Data on Tape Media.\"

**The NIST Scientific Computing Environment**

The continued upgrading of the IBM SP2 expanded the capabilities
previously provided for NIST researchers for scalable parallel
processing. Upgrades to the system included the addition of IBM new
switch technology to the existing 31 nodes; 6 additional nodes to create
a 37-node system; an IBM Parallel System Support Package and Performance
Toolbox Software upgrade for the SP2 control workstation; and a 256 MB
memory upgrade for the SP2 control workstation. In addition, we acquired
an SGI Origin 2000 system with 8 CPUs, 8 GB memory, 96 GB disk storage,
and operator and system administrator consoles. The security of the SP2
system was also enhanced.

**Networking and Telecommunications**

We continued to upgrade the PEPnet/Eznet network infrastructure at NIST.
The MAC watch (NIST developed) and Arp watch software are now running in
an automated environment. This software has proved to be a real time
saver in the PEPnet operation. The software has been ported to the NIST
Boulder Eznet environment where it is running successfully. Further
enhancements are planned.

A switched CAT5 network was installed in NIST's Radiation Physics
Building to support PEPnet users in the Physics Laboratory. We also
provided switched FastEthernet to ITL's Scalable Parallel Systems and
Applications Group for their cluster computing experiments. The upgrade
of Eznet to CAT5 cabling continued. All NIST Administration Building
networks were migrated to the FDDI-based Cabletron switches.

Our network monitoring programs were modified to page our staff if a
subnet becomes unreachable or show a packet loss of greater that 15
percent. This is determined by testing a single host on the subnet that
was supplied by the subnet administrator as "always available."

To provide state-of-the-art telecommunications services to the NIST
staff, we are identifying the requirements of future telephone services
at NIST, determining needed features for a telephone switch upgrade. We
also started a trial of test users for Bell Atlantic's Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) service.

**DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SERVICES DIVISION**

## Chief: Oscar G. Farah

## Group Managers: Robert Crosson, Distributed Processing and 

**Operating Systems Support**

##  James Graham III, Information Processing 

**Support**

##  Robert Lee, Administrative Computing 

**Support**

##  Ronald Wilson, PC Support

## 

The Distributed Computing and Information Services Division provides the
information technology resources, supporting infrastructure, applied
research, and assistance to NIST staff, collaborators, and clients in
the conduct of NIST\'s scientific, engineering, and administrative
applications and in the dissemination of information, including:

-   an easy-to-use, robust, secure, distributed heterogeneous
    environment with support for desktop systems and workstations,
    network capabilities, information services, and access to external
    and mobile users;

-   

-   common computing environments, information access tools, software
    development tools, and specialized applications software;

-   

-   site-wide hardware maintenance for standardized desktop systems and
    workstations and site-wide software licensing;

-   

-   maintenance and repositories for standardized platforms and
    applications; and

-   

-   large-scale testbeds, advanced prototypes, and reliable systems as
    part of the continuous improvement in scope and quality of service.

## Distributed Processing and Operating Systems Support 

In FY 1997, the Distributed Processing and Operating Systems Support
Group continued to provide the NIST staff with high-quality computing
support services. One major project was to simplify and streamline the
administration of the NIST-wide software checkout service. This service
provides NIST scientists and researchers the option to access and use
expensive, licensed data processing software packages. Updated versions
of these software packages were obtained and installed on the server to
ensure that the users had the latest versions. The administration of the
software was improved and automated where possible.

The NIST electronic mail servers operated by the group in Gaithersburg
and Boulder continue to provide highly reliable service to over 2,500
users, with over 3,000 electronic mail messages processed per day. These
servers have been reprogrammed to provide the electronic mail alias
translation service for NIST staff, so that e-mail addressed to
*firstname.lastname@nist.gov* is delivered no matter where the staff
member actually receives mail. A third e-mail service, administering
over 200 mailing lists used by NIST staff, was also updated. Three of
these lists are large and are updated automatically overnight \-- that
for Gaithersburg staff, that for Boulder staff, and that for all NIST
staff.

During the year the group assumed responsibility for another NIST-wide
service, the administration of the Usenet News server. Usenet is an
informal collection of news servers supporting over 25,000
special-interest groups. The news servers allow individuals to read and
post messages to those groups, and to periodically transfer messages to
other servers supporting the same news groups. The group manages the
news server that communicates with servers external to NIST, distributes
postings to all NIST users, and supports the NIST-specific
special-interest groups.

The upgrade of hardware continued, to support the increasing demand for
service by the NIST staff and to improve system reliability. A new
server, a Sun Microsystems Ultra Enterprise 4000, was acquired. Once
configured, this server will replace five currently used computers and
provide better and faster service.

## Information Processing Support 

In FY 1997, the responsibilities of the Information Processing Support
Group continued to grow. Currently, the group hosts a total of 28 World
Wide Web (WWW) servers that provide Web services to 7 of the 11 NIST
Measurement and Standards Laboratories and Programs. These are the
Information Technology Laboratory (ITL), Technology Services (TS), the
Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL), the Manufacturing
Engineering Laboratory (MEL), the Physics Laboratory (PL), the Advanced
Technology Program (ATP), and the National Quality Program. The group
also constructed an operating prototype of an electronic commerce system
for limited use by Technology Services to sell standard reference
materials and databases through the Internet.

System performance and security are continually monitored by the staff
and by special software installed on the servers. The software is
programmed to page the staff responsible in case of a malfunction or in
case it appears that an intruder is trying to obtain access to any part
of the system. This approach of centralized monitoring by staff who are
experienced in this area results in a more secure system and improved
operation over the previous approach of having each Operating Unit (OU)
run its own system.

The group also provided consulting and programming services to NIST OUs.
Help with the creation of Web pages, with access to databases from the
Web, and with the programming of special OU-specific WWW applications
was provided to NIST staff. Assistance was also provided to OUs
interested in developing intranets for use by their staff. Additionally,
applications that generally support NIST staff, improve communication
between NIST offices, and provide monitoring of Web access and traffic
were developed. Improved services included development of a Web forum
capability, development of electronic forms, and generation of
statistics of Internet users that access NIST WWW servers. The group
also participated in the development of policies for NIST Web pages. CGI
scripts to warn Internet users when they exit NIST were developed with
the cooperation of the NIST Information Coordinators.

Additional information on all group services may be found at

http://webservices.nist.gov/

## Administrative Computing Support 

In FY 1997, the Administrative Computing Support Group completed an
inventory of the administrative systems at NIST. The inventory consisted
of one hundred and thirteen systems with over one million lines of code,
written in COBOL, dBase, FOCUS, and REXX. The majority of these systems
support the three primary business units at NIST: the Chief Financial
Office, the Office of Human Resource Management, and the Acquisition and
Assistance Division. This inventory served as the basis for determining
which systems may have Year 2000 problems, prioritizing which systems
need to be addressed first, and reporting progress to NIST senior
management, DoC, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).

-   

-   The group also completed a series of pilot conversion projects.
    These pilot projects allowed the staff involved to learn about the
    Year 2000 problems and to implement solutions. These projects also
    served as templates for future conversion projects. During a
    four-month period, 16 systems were converted and made Year
    2000-compliant.

The group supported the Department of Commerce Administrative Management
Systems (CAMS) project. The CAMS effort may be viewed as the Core
Financial System (CFS) (General Ledger, Accounts Payable, etc.) and
supplementary modules to be developed by NIST and other DoC agencies.
The testing of the CFS required a considerable amount of staff
resources. Insufficient documentation, changes in configuration
management, and suspect program design required extensive code review
while testing and debugging.

NIST agreed to take the lead to develop two supplemental modules, a
Personal Property module and a Time and Attendance (T&A)/Estimated Labor
module. For the Personal Property module, after reviewing commercial,
off-the-shelf (COTS) packages, Oracle Assets was selected in April 1997
as the base package, and the implementation began at NIST in May 1997. A
model of the proposed T&A/Estimated Labor module was completed and was
demonstrated to yield estimates accurate to 99 percent from the T&A
records.

In addition to these two initiatives, the group continued to support the
business operations of the 100+ administrative computing systems at
NIST. This included revising DOS-based systems to be Windows
95-compatible, responding to auditors' requests, developing Web pages
for the administrative officers and secretaries, assisting in automating
the telephone billing system, and supporting the ATP Survey project.

## PC Support 

The event that had a major impact on NIST staff was the approval by the
NIST O‑Board of ITL's recommendation to change the current collection of
software office automation packages to a modern, integrated suite of
software. The cutoff date for the switch to the new package was set as
October 1, 1997. In preparation for the changeover, a number of training
sessions in the use of the new software were offered by group members to
NIST staff. In addition, seminars that highlighted the differences
between the previous group of NIST office automation software and the
new integrated suite were held in Gaithersburg and Boulder.

To augment the Help Desk support staff, a contract for telephone support
for the new software products was let to Battelle Memorial Institute at
the Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL) in Richland, Washington.
Battelle currently runs this Department of Energy laboratory. Initial
statistics on this service indicate that, although the staff that used
it considered it very helpful, very few calls were made. If the call
rate remains low, current NIST staff would be able to handle this
service and the contract with Battelle will not be renewed.

In the past year, steps were taken to improve communications between
group members and PC support staff employed by other OUs at NIST with
the goal of improving service level across NIST. The PC Assistance Group
was revived and meetings to improve staff "networking" and to discuss
installation, operation, and maintenance of the new software suite were
and continue to be held frequently. A new NIST-wide group, the PC
Liaison Group, was also formed to facilitate staff networking and
discuss hardware problems.

Another development in 1997 was the replacement of the DOS- based virus
detector/remover with a Windows-based virus detector/remover whose virus
list is updated automatically through the Web and which can detect virus
in e-mail. A site license for the new detector was purchased for NIST
and group members developed a self-installing package that can be
accessed through the NIST intranet.

Another new service added to group responsibilities was to provide
installation and maintenance support for NIST\'s Travel Manager System.
Travel Manager grew from a small pilot project to a system that is
currently servicing more than 300 users. Many of the NIST laboratories
plan to make the use of Travel Manager mandatory on January 1, 1998.

Staff continue to work on methods to improve software distribution to
NIST users. Prototypes are being developed to make installation of new
software through the Web much easier.

**SOFTWARE DIAGNOSTICS AND CONFORMANCE TESTING DIVISION**

**Chief: Mark W. Skall**

**Group Managers: D. Richard Kuhn, Software Quality**

**Lynne S. Rosenthal, Conformance Testing**

**Bruce K. Rosen, Software Standards**

Activities in the Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing Division
focus on the development of software evaluation technology, conformance
tests, and standards that can be used to assist U.S. industry in the
development of high-quality software. In this role, the division
develops software testing tools and methods, participates with industry
in the development of forward-looking information technology standards,
and leads efforts for the development of conformance tests even at the
early development stage of standards.

**Software Analysis Tools**

Division researchers participate in the development of tools for static
and dynamic analysis of software, focused on measuring conformance to
specifications and diagnosis of the causes for deviations from
specifications. Included is work on static analysis tools for program
slicing and generation of paths for basis testing, and the extension of
object-oriented languages to allow for the detection of pre- and
post-condition violations.

Building on previous work in role based access control (RBAC), we
developed a prototype of the first RBAC extension to World Wide Web
servers. The software developed in this project can be incorporated into
existing Web servers to provide access control based on users\' roles in
the organization, simplifying security for both administrators and
users. Our formal model for RBAC, developed jointly with the Computer
Security Division, was adopted by two major software vendors for
incorporation into their own products.

A unique graphical search engine, Reference Information for Software
Quality (RISQ), was developed in cooperation with the Software
Engineering Institute at Carnegie-Mellon University. The RISQ search
tool uses a graphical taxonomy- based query system to simplify and speed
up user searches for information on software quality. Although developed
for searching software quality information, the RISQ facility is ideally
suited to other types of taxonomy-based data.

For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, ITL developed the Unravel Program
Slicer which computes \"slices\" of C programs, where a slice is a
subset of the program that contains all lines of code that can directly
or indirectly affect the value of a particular variable at a particular
point. The tool assists in the effort to debug or test a program since
it allows the programmer to focus on those parts of the program that are
relevant to the logic in question. Other front ends for the Unravel
Program Slicer are being considered for development for other
programming languages such as C++ or Java.

To allow software developers to measure the effectiveness of development
techniques and compare their results with others, a unique database of
software errors, faults, and failures is being developed. In addition,
to assist industry in the evaluation of the methods and tools they use
to improve software quality, we are developing a library of standard
reference materials consisting of software with known errors. This
library can be used by software developers to determine the
effectiveness of the test tools and techniques they use in developing
their systems. As part of this effort, we plan to develop statistical
methods of evaluating testing procedures and software development tools
and techniques.

We initiated a project to develop methods and tools for automatic
generation of tests from software specifications. Successful automated
testing methods promise significantly more economical means for testing
software than are currently available. This will reduce time to market
for software products and benefit consumers by making quality software
less costly to produce.

**Software Conformance Testing**

Division researchers develop test methods and tests to determine whether
implementations of public specifications conform to that specification.
The division is also working closely with outside organizations to help
them establish certification test services based on division tests, for
the issuing of certificates of conformance.

Working with industry, we are developing conformance tests and test
tools for the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), Java, Computer
Graphics Metafile (CGM), and Programmer's Imaging Kernel System (PIKS).
For VRML, we developed a reference parser and initial VRML Test Suite
(VTS). We are continuing to augment the VTS, by extending the parser and
using it to automatically generate VRML test files. To develop the VTS,
ITL researchers work in cooperation with the VRML community to validate
completed tests and to develop new tests.

In the area of Java, we initiated a project to develop conformance
tests, tools, and methods for the areas of Java technology that need
test metrics. An ITL-sponsored workshop on Java conformity assessment
provided a forum for interested parties to discuss testing philosophies
and methodologies for the varying Java technologies and to formulate a
direction forward. Working with industry, we will build Java tests and
tools that will ensure the consistency and accurate use of the Java
specification, applications, and applets.

In cooperation with the Air Transport Association (ATA), ITL is building
Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) conformance test suites and is helping
ATA establish its certification service. Also cooperating in this effort
is the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA).

Additionally, we are working with several private sector companies and
federal agencies to assist them in the establishment of conformance
testing programs. In support of this technology transfer, we are
developing a certification system framework which describes the
processes and procedures for establishing, administering, and operating
a conformance testing service. Our goal is to transition current
operational testing and certification programs from ITL to private
industry, as well as help to establish new testing programs in the
private sector. In support of this effort, we developed a Web-based
Directory of Conformance Testing Programs, Products, and Services for
information technology standards. This directory provides a source for
linking providers of conformance testing materials and services with
users of these materials and services.

As a research project, ITL is currently investigating new and more
efficient approaches to the development of conformance tests. Current
conformance tests are developed through the extremely time-consuming
process of developing falsification tests. Such testing, while extremely
useful, can never cover all requirements and thus never actually
provides total proof of correctness. We are investigating new methods
for software testing based on stochastic processes and statistical
measures in order to improve the quality of software and to provide
quantitative measures for determining the probability that software
correctly adheres to its specifications. In addition, we are
investigating the effectiveness of using automated test generation
methods to develop conformance tests for specifications of standards.
This research could lead to faster ways of developing conformance tests,
which would then result in an increased capability for product
developers to determine if their products work according to
specifications.

**Forward-Looking Standards**

ITL researchers seek to make significant technical contributions to
standards which are on the cutting edge of software technology. In this
effort, we pursue work in areas that have a research component for
either the technology itself or for the concept of conformance testing,
and for which vendors preferably do not yet have implementations or
other vested interests in the work. In performing this work, ITL
researchers are working both within the traditional standards community,
such as Information Technology Technical Committees that operate under
the auspices of the American National Standards Institute, and within
other standards related organizations such as the World Wide Web
Consortium.

Users of standards are often faced with the daunting task of trying to
locate and access standards that are appropriate to their work. To
simplify this task, we are working with other standards-related
organizations in the development and application of a taxonomy and
framework for standards that can be used to both coordinate the
development of forward-looking standards and to assist potential users
of standards in finding and applying those standards that are applicable
to their particular requirements. As part of this effort, an online
standards locating and retrieval capability, offering the user multiple
interfaces, was implemented to provide access to standards from both
government and commercial sources. This retrieval capability is being
expanded to provide World Wide Web availability for retrieval of correct
values for specific instances of data codes in those standards
containing large numbers of uniquely identified data codes.

In cooperation with the Environmental Protection Agency, ITL continued
its work on a project that focuses on development of several specific
infrastructure components needed for the intelligent integration of
database information with intelligent information services techniques.
Particular attention is being paid to the application of classification
taxonomies and ontologies, as related to development of an Environmental
Data Registry, in order to provide for testable, high-quality access
interfaces for multiple types of software that serve as information
search engines. As part of this task, we are investigating the
application of specified infrastructure components in the research area
of network Object Registration.

Also in the area of Object-Oriented technology and testing, ITL is
working with other organizations in developing and testing
object-oriented technology components that can be specifically applied
to the concept of "distance learning." In this area, ITL researchers are
working on the complete network system from interoperability standards
to repository object exchange protocols, including metadata fields for
educational objects, and finally to the concept of conformance testing
of educational objects.

**STATISTICAL ENGINEERING DIVISION**

**Chief (Acting): Keith Eberhardt**

**Group Managers: M. Carroll Croarkin, Measurement Process Evaluation**

**Keith Eberhardt, Statistical Modeling and Analysis**

The Statistical Engineering Division seeks to catalyze experimentation,
enhance research and improve communication of results by working
collaboratively with, and developing effective statistical methods for,
NIST scientists and our partners in industry. To accomplish this
mission, the division develops strong collaborative research
relationships with NIST staff in all fields, maintains expertise in the
development of statistical methods relevant to measurement science and
technology, and ensures that NIST staff have access to information on
the latest statistical modeling and analysis techniques needed for their
research.

**Statistical Consulting**

The division collaborates with NIST staff on research projects where
optimal experiment design, statistical modeling, and data analysis can
play a significant role in improving measurement processes and gaining
scientific insight. Staff members also provide general statistical
consulting services to NIST scientists working in all aspects of NIST\'s
mission. Specific contributions include:

-   leadership in the establishment of a high standard of statistical
    practice within NIST via interactions with technical staff,
    publications, workshops, and seminars;

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-   design and analysis of experiments, and evaluation of measurement
    uncertainties for the NIST Standard Reference Materials and
    Calibration Programs;

-   design and analysis of experiments, and evaluation of protocols and
    processes associated with NIST scientific endeavors; support of NIST
    industrial clients engaged in the design and analysis of
    experiments;

-   development of statistical and probabilistic models for physical
    science and engineering applications;

-   development of statistical methodology to enhance collaborative
    research with other NIST laboratories; and

```{=html}
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```
-   advancement of statistical methodology via development of algorithms
    and software; and transfer of statistically based measurement
    methodology to industry through direct interactions with industrial
    clients, publications, workshops, and seminars.

The following examples of statistical applications are typical of the
work of our division.

**Statistical Planning for a Neutron Lifetime Experiment**

ITL statisticians contributed their expertise in planning an experiment
at the NIST Cold Neutron Research Facility (CNRF), where researchers are
developing a dramatic new technology to trap polarized ultracold
neutrons in a three-dimensional magnetic trap filled with superfluid
helium. With this technology, the mean lifetime of the neutron will be
determined. The present experimental value of the neutron lifetime is
887.4 s. The associated estimated standard deviation is 1.7 s. The
planned experiment should reduce the experimental error by a factor
ranging from 10 to 100. Along with other experimental data, this
measurement allows one to test the consistency of the standard model of
electroweak interactions. Further, the mean lifetime of the neutron is
an important parameter in astrophysical theories.

At the CNRF, many runs of a two-stage experiment are planned. In the
first stage of each run cycle, the trap is filled with neutrons to a
desired level. In the second stage, scintillation events due to neutron
decay or background processes are observed. The statistical properties
of the lifetime estimate depend on the time allocation between the fill
and decay stages, as well as the particular nonlinear algorithm used for
estimation of the mean lifetime from the time sequence of events. In
collaboration with NIST's Physics Laboratory staff, our staff developed
a stochastic model for the data. Based on this model, a strategy for
maximizing the precision of the lifetime estimate was formulated.

**Optical Fibers**

In another collaboration, ITL statisticians achieved a more precise
measurement of polarization mode dispersion (PMD), which arises in
single-mode communication fibers when there is imperfect circular
symmetry in the fiber core. An optical pulse input to a fiber is split
into two orthogonally polarized pulses. Distortion arises as a result of
a differential group-delay time between these two orthogonally polarized
pulses at the output. This differential group-delay can have a limiting
effect on the speed of digital communication systems and therefore is a
good indicator of the performance of a lightwave system. PMD is
routinely measured both at the manufacturing stage and in installed
systems.

Among the methods of PMD measurement, the fixed analyzer technique is
perhaps the simplest to use. Division scientists collaborated with
NIST\'s Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory to improve PMD
measurements using the fixed analyzer technique. A new value for the
polarization mode coupling factor of 0.805 (a 2 percent discrepancy with
the old value of 0.824) was found. Systematic biases due to sampling
density and extrema thresholding were quantified (6 to 12 percent for
typical measurement conditions), and a simple correction algorithm was
developed which removes the effects of these biases to within 1.7
percent.

**Ballistic Imaging Interoperability Test Methods**

To facilitate interoperability between existing ballistic imaging
systems, the Office of the National Drug Control Policy, the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and
Firearms executed a memorandum of understanding recognizing that the two
ballistic image systems currently in use should be interoperable. Under
this memorandum, NIST, as a neutral third party, was charged to develop
a standard for interoperability and to develop and oversee
interoperability conformance tests. The purpose of ballistic imaging
systems is to permit forensic evidence (cartridge cases and bullets)
recovered at a crime scene to be imaged and compared to an existing
database of thousands of images to identify possible links between
crimes previously unsuspected as being related. However, due to
differences in software, image acquisition, and networking capabilities,
the images captured on either one of the two systems cannot be used on
the other, thus denying crime laboratories full access to all image
databases.

NIST has developed a specification for interoperability between the two
image systems that requires the capability of creating cartridge-case
images on either system in such a manner that the image can be
correlated to the database on the dissimilar system. With respect to
image acquisition and matching, the concept of interoperability is not a
yes/no characteristic but rather is a matter of degree of
interoperability. That is, it is recognized that acquiring images on a
non-native system may produce subtle differences in image "quality" that
could result in changes match probability, relative to images acquired
on the native system.

To address the problem of experimental evaluation of interoperability
for image-matching, division staff developed measures of disarray for
comparing ranked ballistic images from a native database to the array of
images obtained by matching the corresponding non-native test image.
Initially, ordinary rank correlation coefficients were suggested for
measuring and testing interoperability, but these were thought to be
inadequate since only the top few rank positions are believed to have
any practical significance. So, we developed the statistical theory for
two new rank coefficients of disarray that assign greater importance to
the higher ranks. Furthermore, by contrast to common rank correlation
procedures, these procedures are designed to measure the agreement of a
novice "judge" with a known standard ranking, rather than the mutual
agreement between equally weighted rank vectors. A limited
interoperability test program is presently underway, and an analysis
based on our interoperability measures will be used to evaluate and
refine system modifications in advance of more extensive testing.

**Intrusion Detection in Computer Networks**

Network vulnerability is widely recognized as a key problem for the
technological future. Hack attacks or performance anomalies have, in a
number of high-profile cases, crippled key industries and services. This
makes it urgently necessary to develop tools that identify aberrant
behavior as early as possible, and flag those problems and apparent
causes for the system administrator.

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) awarded a
three-year grant for joint work in our division and Carnegie Mellon
University on intrusion detection in computer networks, and, more
generally, anomaly detection in complex datasets. The work entails the
combination of methods from time series analysis, cluster analysis,
multivariate analysis, and pattern recognition. The ultimate aim is to
develop a system monitor that combines high sensitivity, low false-alarm
rates, and the capability to respond in real-time to apparent threats to
system integrity.

The project takes advantage of an existing cross-ITL group of
researchers who are studying the junction of statistics, data mining,
and visualization. The group established competence in this
inter-disciplinary area by participating in a network intrusion
detection contest. The contest was designed to explore the relationship
between data mining and visualization. The ITL group produced one of the
most successful entries in the contest.

**Sharpness of Scanning Electron Microscopes**

Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
are commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of
manufacturing. Sharpness is an important characteristic of SEMs, and at
the present time, no self-tests are incorporated into these instruments
to test this characteristic even though the goal of industry is to have
the instruments perform without human intervention for long periods of
time. Nien-fan Zhang of our division and Michael Postek of NIST's
Precision Engineering Division collaborated on identifying suitable test
objects for this purpose and developed a statistical measure of
sharpness, based on a multivariate kurtosis statistic with an
appropriate analytic algorithm. This year, a small company that develops
software for precision instruments implemented the algorithm in software
and demonstrated its effectiveness at the 1997 SPIE Conference; and IVS,
Inc., requested assistance in implementing the technique.

**Random Number Generation for Evaluation of Cryptosecurity**

Ensuring the integrity of information technology is now a national issue
whose importance has been highlighted by many recent security
compromises. A crucial component of system security is the encryption of
data and text. The standard format for encrypted transmissions depends
upon large, nominally random, and balanced binary bit streams, which are
used as keystreams in stream ciphers or in block cipher algorithms.
Their randomness and balance are critical. Failure of either quality
provides an exploitable compromise in system security.

Statisticians in our division, together with ITL's Computer Security
Division, are collecting, inventing, analyzing, and organizing
algorithms designed to test the integrity of the random binary
generators that are the key components of security systems. The study
seeks to clarify the interdependencies among the tests and to identify
tests to cover deficiencies among those already in use. The final
product will be a highly portable, user-friendly package that will
enable a wide spectrum of government, commercial, and private users to
validate the cryptosecurity of their systems.

**Engineering Statistics Handbook**

We continue our collaboration with the SEMATECH Statistical Methods
Group on the production of a Web-based statistics handbook to help
physical scientists and engineers incorporate statistics into their work
more efficiently. The material in the handbook will include case studies
from the semiconductor industry and NIST laboratories. The handbook will
also be integrated with statistical software, allowing users to
reproduce examples from the handbook interactively and to perform
similar analyses on other data.

Over the last year, prototype handbook designs, navigation, and
technical materials have been favorably critiqued by several audiences,
including engineers, statisticians and managers from SEMATECH member
companies, academia, and other industries. Current work includes formal
usability testing as well as development of new technical material. The
usability testing is being done in collaboration with ITL's
Visualization and Virtual Reality Group and will examine both the
organizational structure and content of the handbook. The project is
supported in part by the NIST Systems Integration for Manufacturing
Applications program which is part of a government-wide effort in High
Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC).

**INTERACTIONS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS**

**SELECTED STAFF ACCOMPLISHMENTS**

**Department of Commerce Medal Awards and NIST Awards**

**Bradley K. Albert** shared a 1997 Bronze Medal Group Award with two
colleagues in NIST's Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory
for their work in developing an algorithm for the processing of antenna
measurements corrupted by probe position errors that extends the
usefulness of existing antenna measurement techniques to higher
frequencies and mobile antennas.

**John K. Antonishek** received a 1996 Bronze Medal for the
installation, implementation, and management of the NIST North network
and telephone systems. He also received the 1996 NIST Safety Award for
Superior Accomplishment for his safety leadership in the installation of
the computer communication network at the NIST North campus.

**Patricia D. Barnett** received a 1996 Bronze Medal for extraordinary
service in supporting the hardware and software for the NIST-wide e-mail
and calendaring functions.

**William Burr, Donna Dodson, Noel Nazario, and W. Timothy Polk**
received a 1997 Bronze Medal Group Award for exceptional technical and
managerial work in the development of Public Key Infrastructure
technology.

**Judith E. Devaney, Robert R. Lipman, and William F. Mitchell**
received a 1996 Bronze Medal Group Award for creation of the NIST
Parallel Applications Development Environment (PADE).

**William F. Guthrie** received a 1997 Bronze Medal for statistical
contributions to the measurement services critical to the electronics
and optoelectronics industries.

**Walter S. Liggett, Jr.** shared the 1996 Edward Bennett Rosa Award
with four other NIST scientists for the development and international
acceptance of a method for the more accurate determination of Rockwell C
Hardness, a measured material property of great importance in
manufacturing and commerce.

**James R. Lyle** received a 1996 Bronze Medal for advancing the state
of the art and practice in static analysis methods for computer
software.

**David S. Pallett** received a 1997 Silver Medal and a 1996 Bronze
Medal for leadership in the development of speech corpora and its
valuable use by spoken language recognition researchers.

**Marianne Swanson and John P. Wack** received a 1996 Bronze Medal Group
Award for the successful establishment and management of the Forum of
Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST).

**External Recognition**

For a 1997 R&D 100 Award, R&D Magazine selected S-Check(r), an advanced
software performance improvement tool

developed by ITL. Started from an idea of **Gordon Lyon** and developed
and managed by **Robert Snelick**, the S-Check project has included team
members **John Antonishek, Michel Courson, Nathalie Drouin, Michael
Indovina, Joseph Ja\'Ja\', Raghu Kacker**, and **Dominique Rodriguez**.

The Federal Laboratory Consortium (FLC) selected the team of **David
Ferraiolo, Richard Kuhn, John Barkley, Anthony Cincotta**, all of ITL;
**Serban Gavrilla**, VDG; and **Janet Cugini**, Citicorp, to receive a
1998 Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer for their work in Role
Based Access Control. The award recognizes Federal Laboratory employees
who have done an outstanding job of transferring technology developed in
the laboratory to partners in government agencies as well as the private
sector.

**Michael Garris** received an FLC 1996 Award for Excellence in
Technology Transfer for his software distribution of a form-based
handprint system for evaluating optical character recognition (OCR).
Garris and his associates transferred this state-of-the-art technology
in the public domain to numerous industry and government users via a
CD-ROM using ISO-9660 format.

Secretary of Commerce Daley presented a 1997 Hammer Award, issued by the
National Performance Review, to NIST, NOAA, and the Bureau of the Census
who participate in the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC); ITL's
**Bruce Rosen** is the NIST representative. The award recognized the
work done by these organizations to cooperatively produce and share
current and accurate geospatial data which contributes locally,
nationally, and globally to economic growth, environmental quality and
stability, and social progress.

The General Accounting Office (GAO) presented 1997 Special Commendation
Awards to **Shu-jen Chang, Donna Dodson, Jim Foti, Mike Indovina, Sharon
Keller**, and **Miles Smid**. The awards recognize "contributions in the
development of a very robust and secure electronic signature system that
can be used by a variety of applications and agencies to provide
transaction level data integrity.\"

**Daniel R. Benigni** served as Vice President for Professional
Activities and Chairman of the United States Activities Board (IEEE‑USA)
for 1997.

**Paul Boggs** was appointed to the Advisory Board for the newly formed
High Performance Computing Users (HPCU) Group.

The IEEE Computer Society presented **Anthony Cincotta** with an
Outstanding Contribution service award for his \"outstanding
contribution as technical editor for IEEE/CS Project P2003, POSIX Test
Methods.\"

**Leslie Collica** received the ATM Forum Spotlight Award for her
technical contributions and her work as Editor and Vice-Chair of the
Testing Working Group at the December 1996 ATM Forum.

**David Cypher** received at the December 1996 ATM Forum the Editorship
of the Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) of the
Private Network to Network Interface (PNNI) standard.

**Christopher Dabrowski** received an Outstanding Achievement Award from
the Information Infrastructure Standards Panel (IISP) for his key role
in developing the IISP \"Framework for Identifying Requirements for
Standards for the National Information Infrastructure (NII),\" which
provides a guide to identifying needed standards.

**Lisa Gill** was elected in 1997 to a three-year term as
Treasurer/Secretary of the Quality & Productivity Research Conference
Steering Committee of the American Statistical Association.

**Lynne B. Hare** received the William G. Hunter Award from the ASQ
Statistics Division at the 1997 Fall Technical Conference for his
contributions to the field of applied statistics as a consultant,
educator, communicator and integrator of statistical thinking into other
disciplines. He also chaired the Ellis R. Ott Scholarship Award
Committee of ASQ's Statistics Division and Chair, Section on Quality and
Productivity, American Statistical Association.

**Karen Hsing**, who leads the DAVIC-based (Digital Audio Visual
Council) Video-on-Demand (VoD) Interoperability testing project,
received an award for outstanding contributions to the completion of
DAVIC specification 1.1 and 1.2 in the 16th DAVIC meeting in London, UK,
March 7, 1997.

**Victor McCrary** was invited by the prestigious Sigma Xi Distinguished
Lectureships Program to serve on the 60th College of Distinguished
Lecturers for a two-year term from July 1997 to June 1999.

**Fernando L. Podio** received a 1997 Association for Information and
Image Management International (AIIM) Master of Information Technology
Award for outstanding accomplishments in the field of information and
image management.

**Roldan Pozo** received a 1996 Presidential Early Career Award for
Scientists and Engineers, the highest honor bestowed by the U.S.
government for outstanding scientists and engineers beginning their
independent research careers. The award recognizes exceptional potential
for leadership at the frontiers of scientific knowledge during the
twenty-first century.

**Karin Remington** was elected to a four-year term on the Board of
Directors of SIGNUM, the Association for Computing\'s (ACM) Special
Interest Group on Numerical Mathematics (SIGNUM).

**Jean Scholtz** is ACM SIGCHI vice chair of finance 1997-99.

**Marianne Swanson** received the 1996 Leadership and Achievement Award
from the Industry Advisory Council of the Federation of Government
Information Processing Councils for her work with the Government
Information Technology Services (GITS) Board in promoting support
mechanisms for governmentwide security initiatives.

**Jim Tighe** received a 1997 NIST Boulder Labs Young Scientist Award
for his creativity, initiative, and outstanding contributions to the
scientific mission of NIST.

**Marvin Zelkowitz** was selected as a 1997 Institute for Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Fellow for contributions toward the
development of a practical programming environment for effective
software development.

ITL staff members serving in editorial positions include:

**Paul Boggs** - HPCU Editorial Board of *The Journal of HPC Users,* the
*SIAM News,* and *Applied Mathematics Letters*.

**Ronald Boisvert** - ACM Publications Board; Editor-in-Chief for the
*ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software.*

**Daniel Lozier -** Associate Editor of *Mathematics of Computation*.

**Geoffrey B. McFadden** - Editorial Board of the *SIAM Journal of
Applied Mathematics* and the *Journal of Computational Physics*.

**Mark Vangel** - Chair of the Statistics Working Group of MIL Handbook
17 on Polymer Matrix Composites; program chair-elect for the Section on
Risk Analysis of the American Statistical Association.

**PARTICIPATION IN VOLUNTARY STANDARDS ACTIVITIES**

+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| **Technical Activity**                             | *               |
|                                                    | *Participant(s) |
| **(within National Committee for Information       | and**           |
| Technology Standards, NCITS)**                     |                 |
|                                                    | **Division      |
|                                                    | Number**        |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > H2 (JTC1/SC21/WG3) Database                      | E. Fong 897     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > H3 (JTC1/SC24) Computer Graphics & Image         | L. Rosenthal    |
| > Processing                                       | 897             |
| >                                                  |                 |
| > \- Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)      | M. Brady 897    |
| > Reference Implementation and Conformance Tests   |                 |
|                                                    | M. Skall 897    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > H3 (IEC/JTC1/SC24/WG6) Multimedia Presentation   | L. Rosenthal    |
| > and Interchange                                  | 897             |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | M. Brady 897    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > H3.8 (JTC1/SC24/WG7) Image Processing &          | M. Skall 897    |
| > Interchange                                      |                 |
|                                                    | S. Sherrick 897 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > H7 Object Information Management                 | E. Fong 897     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > J22 (JTC1/SC22/JSG) Java                         | G. Fisher 897   |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | L. Carnahan 897 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > L1 (ISO TC 211) Geographic Information Systems   | C. Dabrowski    |
|                                                    | 897             |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > L3.1 (JTC1/SC29/WG11) MPEG Development Activity  | A. Nakassis 891 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > L3.2 (JTC1/SC29/WG1) Still Image Coding          | M. Rubinfeld    |
|                                                    | 894             |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > L8 (JTC1/SC14) Data Representation               | J. Newton 897   |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | B. Rosen 897    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > L8.6 (JTC1/SC14/WG4) Classification of Data      | J. Newton 897   |
| > Elements                                         |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > T4 (JTC1/SC27) IT Security Techniques            | E. Troy 893     |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | E. Flahavin 893 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| **Technical Activity**                             | *               |
|                                                    | *Participant(s) |
| **(other)**                                        | and Division    |
|                                                    | Number**        |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ACM Role Based Access Control                    | J. Barkley 897  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| AIIM Committee C21 Storage Devices and             | F. Podio 895    |
| Applications                                       |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| ANSI/NISO Z39.50 Implementors= Group               | P. Over 894     |
|                                                    |                 |
| > \- ZPRISE Prototype                              |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| ASTM E-11 Quality and Statistics                   | C. Croarkin 898 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| ATM Forum Private Network to Network Interface     | D. Cypher 892   |
| Group                                              |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| ATM Forum Testing Working Group                    | L. Collica 892  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| ATM Forum Traffic Management, Residential          | D. Su 892       |
| Broadband, Service Applications                    |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > CCIB Common Criteria/Implementation Board        | G. Troy 893     |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | S. Katzke 893   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| DAVIC Digital Audio Video Council                  | K. Hsing 892    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| ECMA Java Scripting Language Study Group           | G. Fisher 897   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > Educom IMS Consortium                            | J. Barkley 897  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| IEEE P802.14 Cable Modems                          | D. Su 892       |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| IETF-INT Internet Area (IPv6, IP/ATM)              | R. Glenn 892    |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | D. Montgomery   |
|                                                    | 892             |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | H. Fang 892     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| IETF-MGMT Management Area (SNMP, MIBs)             | W. Chang 892    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| IETF-RTG Routing Area                              | D. Montgomery   |
|                                                    | 892             |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| IETF-SEC Security Protocols Area                   | R. Glenn 892    |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | S. Chang 892    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| IETF-TSV Transport Area (RSVP, RTP)                | D. Montgomery   |
|                                                    | 892             |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | S. Chang 892    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| IETF Privacy & Security Research Group             | T. Polk 893     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > IMA Interactive Multimedia Association           | T. Rhodes 897   |
| >                                                  |                 |
| > \- metadata standard for digital objects         |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| IMTC Video Conferencing Standards                  | J.P. Favreau    |
|                                                    | 892             |
| (H.324/H.323/H.320/T.120)                          |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| OMG Applications Development Working Group         | T. Rhodes 897   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > OMG Business Object Management                   | E. Fong 897     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| OMG Object Request Broker Task Force               | J. Barkley 897  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| OMG Object Services Task Force                     | J. Barkley 897  |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | T. Rhodes 897   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| OMG Portable Common Tool Environment (PCTE)        | T. Rhodes 897   |
| Special Interest Group                             |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > OMG User SIG - Metrics WG                        | J. Barkley 897  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > NIST ANSI Data Format for the Interchange of     | M. McCabe 894   |
| > Fingerprint, Facial & SMT Information            |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > NIST Interoperable Message Passing Interface     | Dean Collins    |
|                                                    | 895             |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | Judy Devaney    |
|                                                    | 895             |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| NIST Public Key Infrastructure                     | D. Dodson 893   |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | W. Burr 893     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| NIST Advanced Encryption Standard                  | M. Smid 893     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| T1S1 Services, Architectures and Signalling        | D. Cypher 892   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > U.S. TAG for ISO TC 69 Applications of           | C. Croarkin 898 |
| > Statistical Methods                              |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| VESA Flat Panel Display Interface Committee        | J. Roberts 895  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > VRML VRML Consortium                             | L. Rosenthal    |
|                                                    | 897             |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| X9F Data and Financial Information Security        | M. Smid 893     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| X9F.1 Public Key Cryptography for Financial        | M. Smid 893     |
| Systems                                            |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| X9F.3 Wholesale Bank Security                      | E. Barker 893   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| X9F.4 Authentication and Access Control            | J. Dray 893     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > OPEN GROUP (Formerly X/Open) Security Group      | S. Chang 892    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| **Management Activities**                          | *               |
|                                                    | *Participant(s) |
|                                                    | and Division    |
|                                                    | Number**        |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > AIIM Standards Board                             | F. Podio 895    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ANSI ASC Statistics Subcommittee                 | C. Croarkin 898 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ANSI Executive Standards Council                 | M. Hogan 890    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ANSI Information Infrastructure Standards Panel  | M. Hogan 890    |
| > (IISP)                                           |                 |
|                                                    | C. Dabrowski,   |
|                                                    | etc.897         |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ANSI IISP Steering Committee                     | S. Wakid 890    |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | M. Hogan 890    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ANSI Information Systems Standards Board (ISSB)  | M. Hogan 890    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| ANSI Information Technology Consultative Committee | M. Hogan 890    |
| (ITCC)                                             |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ATM Forum                                        | D. Su 892       |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| CommerceNet Consortium                             | B. Rosen 897    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > EDUCOM Instructional Management Systems (IMS)    | S. Wakid 890    |
| > Advisory                                         |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > G7 Pilot Project: Global Market SMEs             | J. Moline 894   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| G7 Pilot Project: Global Inventory of IT Projects  | J. Moline 894   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > IEEE Computer Society Technical Advisory Board   | S. Wakid 890    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > IEEE Computer Society Publications Board         | S. Wakid 890    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > IEEE Standards Board                             | D. Benigni 897  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ISO/IEC/ITU Global Standards Conference Planning | J. Moline 894   |
| > Committee                                        |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ISO/IEC JTC1 SWG-GII (Special Working Group on   | J. Moline 894   |
| > the Global Information Infrastructure ) US TAG   |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > ISOC Internet Society                            | D. Montgomery   |
|                                                    | 892             |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | C. Hunt 892     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > JTC1 TAG (U.S. TAG to ISO/IEC JTC1 on            | M. Hogan 890    |
| >                                                  |                 |
| > Information Technology) and JTC1                 | B. Rosen 897    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > Multimedia Communications Forum Board            | S. Wakid 890    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > National Software Council                        | S. Wakid 890    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > Network Management Forum                         | F. Nielsen 897  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > NIU Forum (North American ISDN Users Forum)      | L. Collica 892  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > North American Interoperability Policy Council   | M. Hogan 890    |
| > (IPC)                                            |                 |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > Object Management Group (OMG)                    | J. Barkley 897  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)   | J. Roberts 895  |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > XIWT Cross Industry Working Team                 | S. Wakid 890    |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | J. Linn 890     |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > NCITS National Committee for Information         | M. Hogan 890    |
| > Technology Standards                             |                 |
|                                                    | B. Rosen 897    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > NCITS/OMC Operational Management Committee       | M. Hogan 890    |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | B. Rosen 897    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > NCITS/PPC Policy and Procedures Committee        | M. Hogan 890    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| X9 (ISO TC 68) Financial Services                  | M. Smid 893     |
|                                                    |                 |
|                                                    | D. Dodson 893   |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > X12 (ISO TC 154, UNEDIFACT) Electronic Data      | J.P. Favreau    |
| > Interchange                                      | 892             |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+

Key: Highlighted activities represent new areas of participation since
the summer of 1995.

**INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS**

ITL participates in many consortia and industry interest groups
including the following:

**Air Transport Association (ATA) and Aerospace Industries Association
(AIA)**

The ATA and AIA are international nonprofit organizations for the
airline industry and aerospace suppliers. The ATA and AIA consist of the
major airline companies, aerospace industries, and software and systems
suppliers of the commercial aerospace industry. The ATA, AIA, and ITL
are working together to develop a graphics profile and conformance tests
methods for the interchange of graphics data within the commercial
aerospace industry. The commercial aircraft industry is moving away from
paper-based delivery of maintenance data to digital delivery.
Conformance testing is critical in ensuring that graphics tools and
implementations conform to the ATA profile and ease the transition to
digital delivery of data. Lynne Rosenthal is the ITL contact.

**Association for Information and Image Management International
(AIIM)**

ITL participates in AIIM International, the world\'s leading association
for information industry users and providers. Members include key U.S.
players of the information, document, and image management industry.
AIIM is an accredited American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
standards development organization involved in creating, disseminating,
and promoting industry standards worldwide. Fernando Podio worked with
the AIIM Optical Tape Study Group which developed a preliminary set of
media specifications, identified a methodology for dynamic testing of
optical tape, and submitted two proposals for the development of optical
tape ANSI standards. Podio also chairs the Optical Tape Subcommittee of
AIMM.

**Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Forum**

The ATM Forum is an international nonprofit organization which
accelerates the use of ATM products and services through a rapid
convergence of interoperability specifications. About 170 U.S.
telecommunications corporations comprise the ATM Forum membership.
Through the forum, ITL works with test equipment vendors such as
Hewlett-Packard, GN Nettest, and Tekelec, and ATM switch vendors to
develop interoperability test specifications and conformance test
suites. David Su is the ITL principal.

**BLAS Technical Forum**

This working group is developing standards for core mathematical
software components which promote both performance and portability of
scientific software. Optimized implementations of the earliest versions
the standards, known as the Basic Linear Algebra

Subprograms (BLAS), are now supported by most hardware and software
manufacturers of scientific computing products. The BLAS Technical Forum
is composed of representatives of computer hardware and software
manufacturers as well as government and academic research laboratories
who wish to extend the BLAS to new domains. Roldan Pozo and Karin
Remington represent ITL. Pozo chairs the sparse matrix subcommittee.

**Center for National Software Studies (CNSS)**

> The CNSS is being established by the National Software Council, an
> organization of concerned software professionals who recognize the
> need for national focus and informed leadership on software issues, to
> study software as a national resource, and help inform the nation and
> its leadership on the impact of software to the economy. ITL
> representatives are helping the CNSS identify issues that affect the
> software capability of the nation, and the will help to reduce their
> costs and risks. CNSS's initiatives are national competitiveness,
> trustworthiness of software systems, and competency of the software
> workforce. Shukri Wakid and Dolores Wallace are the ITL
> representatives.

**Cross Industry Working Team (XIWT)**

The Cross Industry Working Team (XIWT) is a multi‑industry coalition
committed to defining the architecture and key technical requirements
for a powerful, sustainable national information infrastructure (NII).
Members include firms from the computer, networking, telecommunications,
publishing and banking sectors, and others with business interests in
the NII. NIST is represented on the executive committee by R.J. (Jerry)
Linn; other ITL representatives participate in working groups related to
their research and development activities.

**Digital Audio Visual Council (DAVIC)**

The Digital Audio Visual Council (DAVIC) is an international consortium
for the emerging digital audio‑visual applications and services. The
purpose of DAVIC is to identify, select, augment, and develop
internationally agreed specifications of open interfaces and protocols
that maximize interoperability across countries and
applications/services. ITL works with DAVIC members on the
interoperability testing of digital video products conforming to DAVIC
specifications. These efforts concentrate on the development of
conformance test suites and establishment an interoperability testbed
where developers could test their products. The ITL principal is David
Su.

**Educom**

> ITL's work with the Educom committee on educational multimedia
> software resulted in the adoption of NIST's Role Based Access Control
> model for the Educom Instruction Management System (IMS) application
> program interface. Educom is a consortium of university and industry
> providers of educational material. Shukri Wakid, John Barkley, and Tom
> Rhodes serve as advisors to the Educom IMS consortium.

**Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST)**

This international, government/industry/academia coalition was formed to
share information on information security vulnerabilities and attacks.
ITL participates as a member of the FIRST steering committee. Marianne
Swanson represents ITL in this interaction.

**Information Infrastructure Standards Panel (IISP)**

> The IISP was formed by the American National Standards Institute
> (ANSI) in 1994 to accelerate the development of standards critical to
> the deployment of information infrastructure products and services.
> The IISP is an open forum with participation by a broad spectrum of
> companies, government agencies, standards and specifications
> developing organizations, industry associations, consortia, etc.
>
> By the end of 1997, the IISP had identified 164 standards needed to
> implement the Global Information Infrastructure. ITL has actively
> contributed to the fulfillment of the IISP\'s mission since its
> inception. This has included the development of a conceptual framework
> that helps diverse groups identify requirements for standards for the
> Global
>
> Information Infrastructure. An IISP Outstanding Achievement Award was
> presented to Christopher Dabrowski in January 1997 for his development
> of the IISP \"Framework for Identifying Requirements for Standards for
> the NII\", among other achievements. Christopher Dabrowski is the ITL
> contact.

**Information Infrastructure Standards Panel (IISP) Steering Committee**

> Based upon the successes and experiences of the IISP to date, the IISP
> Steering Committee reviewed and revised the IISP\'s mission and method
> of operations for 1998. Michael Hogan of ITL led the Steering
> Committee\'s group which revised the IISP\'s Charter and Organization
> & Operation documents. The revisions were approved by IISP in November
> 1997. Shukri Wakid is the ITL principal representative to the IISP
> Steering Committee.

**Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)**

ITL collaborates with the Information Technology Industry Council (ITI),
an industry association that includes the leading U.S. providers of
information technology products and services. One of ITI\'s activities
is to develop positions on issues in standards, testing, certification
and quality assurance. Areas include ergonomics, health, safety and
hardware, software and systems functional and performance
characteristics. ITI also serves as the secretariat for the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) Accredited National Committee for
Information Technology Standards (NCITS) and as U.S. Technical Advisory
Group (TAG) administrator for ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 on
Information Technology. The ITL liaison to ITI is Michael D. Hogan.

**Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)**

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. is the
world\'s largest technical professional society, promoting the
development and application of electrotechnology and allied sciences for
the benefit of humanity and the advancement of the profession. ITL
maintains close ties with the IEEE to help IEEE identify forward‑looking
standards efforts and to provide industry input to ITL\'s program
planning for standards and test activities. IEEE\'s close ties to
industry and to academia help ITL to understand industry needs and
requirements; to know about academic research in areas of interest to
NIST; and to communicate about ITL projects. Daniel R. Benigni is Vice
President for Regional Activities for 1998 and is the ITL liaison to the
IEEE Standards Association Board of Directors.

**International Information Integrity Institute (I4)**

This internationally based membership organization of information
technology security managers consists of the senior security managers
from large, international organizations. NIST is a U.S. Government
representative in I4. I4 is managed by SRI Consulting, which conducts
meetings (three per year), produces regular technical reports, and
undertakes special research projects. In October 1996, NIST hosted Forum
29, one of the yearly conferences sponsored by I4. The conference
focused on electronic commerce security and brought together over 200
specialists from the U.S. and overseas. Stuart Katzke is the ITL
contact.

**International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium (IMTC)**

The IMTC is a non‑profit corporation founded to promote the creation and
adoption of international standards for multipoint document and video
teleconferencing. The IMTC and its members promote a \"Standards First\"
initiative to guarantee interworking for all aspects of multimedia
teleconferencing. The concentration of this group is on promoting and
facilitating the broad use of multimedia teleconferencing based on open
standards, including the standards adopted by the ITU. Jean‑Philippe
Favreau is the principal ITL contact for these activities.

**Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)**

ITL contributes to the technical development of the Internet through its
participation in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IETF
develops standards for new technology based upon the TCP/IP protocol
suite and addresses various operations and support issues for the public
Internet. ITL is actively participating in IETF activities in the areas
of IP security, key management, public key infrastructure, IPv6, IP
integrated services, resource reservation, IP switching, and advanced
routing. ITL has technical representatives in numerous working groups
related to these topics. Doug Montgomery is the ITL contact for general
issues related to the IETF and for reference to further points of
contact on specific issues.

**MultiMedia Communications Forum (MMCF)**

> The MMCF is an international industry consortium dedicated to the goal
> of accelerating market acceptance of multimedia communications
> equipment from multiple vendors, with this equipment interoperating
> across different types of networks. Since its formation in June 1993,
> the MMCF serves users, service providers, and hardware and software
> vendors of networked multimedia applications. The MMCF is committed to
> a broad systems approach through the creation of specifications, the
> education of the industry, and through alliances with other industry
> groups working toward complementary objectives. ITL is a principal
> member of the MMCF. The ITL contact is Leslie Collica.

**North American Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Users\'
Forum (NIUF)**

> ITL collaborated with industry to form the NIUF in 1988. A Cooperative
> Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with industry was
> established in 1991 to govern the management of the forum. The NIUF
> was formed to create a strong user voice in the implementation of ISDN
> applications. The forum provides users of ISDN technology with the
> opportunity to work with implementors to assure that users\' needs are
> met in the ISDN design process. Through the NIUF, users and
> manufacturers concur on ISDN applications and the resolution of
> issues, enhancing the strength of the U.S. telecommunications industry
> in the world marketplace. Through support of the forum, ITL advances
> new uses of computer and telecommunications technology in government
> and industry. ITL provides the Chair and Secretariat positions in the
> NIUF.

**Object Management Group (OMG)**

The OMG is a nonprofit international consortium, based in Framingham,
Massachusetts, of over 500 organizations whose mission is to research,
develop, and promote the use of object oriented technology for
distributed systems development. The membership consists of all the
major producers of information technology hardware and software (e.g.,
IBM, DEC, Sun, Microsoft), large user organizations e.g., Boeing,
Bellcore, Merrill Lynch, Citibank, GTE, MCI, British Telecom),
government agencies (e.g., NASA, NSA, DISA, NIH), and universities
(e.g., MIT, Stanford, University of Illinois, University of Michigan).
Over the past year, NIST representatives from ITL and the Manufacturing
Engineering Laboratory attended OMG meetings to develop standards for
business models and electronic commerce. John Barkley is ITL\'s
technical point of contact in the OMG.

**Society for Information Display (SID)**

This worldwide professional society and forum is committed exclusively
to the advancement of information display technologies. Membership in
SID entitles ITL to participate in SID-sponsored symposia, seminars, and
access to SID publications. John Roberts is the principal contact.

**Software Engineering Institute (SEI)**

Established by Congress in 1984, the SEI is a research and development
center with a broad charter to address the transition of software
engineering technology. ITL established a memorandum of understanding
(MOU) with SEI to work collaboratively on software engineering issues of
mutual interest. Under this agreement, ITL and SEI worked together to
complete development of the hypertext facility for Reference Information
for Software Quality. SEI is also supporting ITL in its Software Error,
Fault and Failure Data Repository project in acquiring and in developing
software collection and analysis tools. Dolores Wallace is the ITL
principal.

**Software Productivity Consortium (SPC)**

An industry-based consortium founded in 1985, the SPC focuses on
advancing the fundamental processes and methods of software and systems
engineering technologies for developing high-quality software intensive
systems. The SPC provides a forum for ITL to collaborate with industry,
government, and academia on development, application, and exchange of
advanced software processes and methods for developing high-quality
software systems. The forum allows ITL to contribute its technical
views, program results, and capabilities to various industry sectors and
provides a mechanism for technology exchange and further collaboration
with industry. Thomas Rhodes represents ITL in this consortium.

**Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) Flat Panel Display
Interface Committee**

> Following an ITL workshop, VESA formed a committee to develop a
> standard or series of standards for the interface between a flat panel
> display and its controller. This interface standard addresses both
> active and passive flat panel displays in integrated devices, and will
> cover both the electrical and the mechanical specifications. As a full
> member of VESA, ITL participates in the technical development of
> standards and develops laboratory implementations of proposed
> interface architectures by developing laboratory metrics. John Roberts
> serves as committee vice chair. Other VESA committees with ITL
> participation include the Monitor Committee (desktop analog CRT
> displays, the Plug and Display Committee (desktop displays with
> digital interface), and the PC Theatre Committee (combining advanced
> television/HDTV with computer displays).

**SELECTED COLLABORATIONS**

ITL works with industry, government, and academia to pursue research and
development projects of mutual interest, including the following:

**Antenna Calibration Algorithm and Software**

ITL's Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division and NIST's
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL) Electromagnetic
Fields Division collaborated on developing an algorithm and
corresponding software for the processing of antenna measurements
corrupted by probe position errors. The method exploits position
information available during the measurement procedure to compute far
fields as accurately as when no position errors are present, at a
computational cost which is acceptable even for electrically very large
antennas.

The interpretation of near-field antenna measurements, which requires
transformation to the far field, is typically accomplished with the fast
Fourier transform (FFT). When the measurement positions deviate from an
ideal rectangular grid, however, the FFT is not applicable without
modification. The new algorithm employs a combination of a

recently developed, unequally spaced FFT, interpolation, and the
conjugate gradient method to accurately transform to the far field at a
cost proportional to N log N, where N is the number of measurements
(typically between 10,000 and 1,000,000).

The method can be used for measurements at higher frequencies and those
taken on mobile platforms, where tight tolerances are difficult to
maintain. The software is available to antenna measurement laboratories
in government and industry and will support the future deployment of
communications satellites operating near the terahertz

band. Bradley Alpert is the ITL contact.

**ATM Network Tests of a Prototype Video Dial Tone System**

Video Dial Tone (VDT) systems promise to make a wide range of video
services available in the home and workplace including, for example,
video-on-demand, electronic marketplace access, Internet access, and
multiplayer games. Bellcore developed a prototype VDT system in
collaboration with European partners, utilizing ATM (asynchronous
transfer mode) technology. ATM is a cell-based routing and multiplexing
technology designed to be a general-purpose, connection-oriented
transfer mode for a wide range of telecommunication services. ATM
routing is characterized by uniformly sized 53-byte packets and offers
quality of service (QoS) guarantees not easily available from
packet-switched systems.

ITL\'s High Speed Network Technologies Group collaborated with Bellcore
in testing the prototype VDT system, specifically addressing the impact
of ATM network QoS parameters on the performance of the VDT
video-on-demand service. Test results showed that ATM QoS is a critical
issue of common concern to the VDT system developer and the ATM network
service provider and should be addressed by both in coordination. Test
results can be used by VDT system developers to pursue robust and stable
VDT system designs and by ATM network service providers to plan for VDT
system QoS needs. Mike Frey is the ITL contact.

**Efficient New Search Engine**

Locating relevant information on the World Wide Web is often difficult
because of the large amount of information available. The Reference
Information for Software Quality (RISQ) system, a Web-based tool for
referencing information on software quality, offers a new search engine
which allows the user to do efficient searches for information within a
specific domain. The initial application of the engine is in the domain
of high integrity software systems. RISQ was developed by ITL and
Software Engineering Institute technical staff.

The search engine allows searches by taxonomy-based keywords, other
keywords, and artifact type. Artifacts can range from simple abstracts,
documents, and software to video, audio, and online interactive
demonstrations of software tools. The RISQ facility makes available a
wide variety of artifacts related to software quality in a highly
organized manner. The current RISQ facility is located on the Web at
http://hissa.nist.gov/risq/, making the material available to a large
and geographically diverse set of potential users. Dolores Wallace
coordinated the project.

**Interoperability of Broadband Communication Technologies**

In June 1997, ITL's Advanced Network Technologies Division hosted the
meeting of the Multimedia Communications Forum (MMCF) Broadband Access
Applications (BAA) Working Group. The BAA is a new working group
established to identify multimedia application requirements for
accessing various broadband communication technologies, including
asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL), digital wireless, and
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). The group is focusing on a common
application approach to quality of service (QoS) and interoperability
across a range of broadband technology offerings. NIST will be the focal
point for interoperability tests for the group; Leslie Collica is the
ITL contact.

**Interoperable Message Passing Interface Standard**

In September 1997, ITL hosted the third Interoperable Message Passing
Interface (IMPI) Workshop to continue work defining the IMPI standard.
All major U.S. computer vendors participate in this effort.
Representatives of these vendors as well as representatives from the
embedded computing community were present to continue this work.

The group agreed that implementation of IMPI by the vendors would go on
in parallel with the standard definition in order to get the most
information on the choices made. The release of the first standard,
IMPI-1, is expected by December 1998. As a representative of the U.S.
government, NIST does not vote at these meetings but takes the role of
facilitator. Judith Devaney is the ITL contact.

**Leveraging Cyberspace**

Along with the White House National Economic Council and Xerox PARC,
NIST co-sponsored the Conference on Leveraging Cyberspace held in Palo
Alto, California, on October 8-9, 1996. People with shared interests use
the Internet to solve problems, accomplish tasks, and create resources
that would be well beyond the reach of any one person or organization.
The conference explored the ability to leverage the efforts of large
numbers of networked users as well as the economic, social, and
political consequences. Technical experts discussed technologies that
support wide-area collaboration, case studies of successful and
unsuccessful efforts to leverage cyberspace, implications for business
strategies, and proposals for promising collaborations. Judi Moline is
the ITL contact.

**NIST Car Welder VRML 2.0 Model**

Qiming Wang, Information Access and User Interfaces Division,
implemented one of the first working Virtual Reality Modeling Language
(VRML) 2.0 models demonstrating the functionality of animation in VRML
2.0. This Car Welder model is being used to explore the potential of
applying VRML 2.0 to simulation interfaces in the manufacturing domain.
VRML is a file format to describe interactive 3‑D objects and worlds
delivered across the Internet. VRML 1.0 provides a means of creating and
viewing static 3D world. VRML 2.0 provides more extensions and
enhancements to VRML 1.0, such as interaction, animation, scripting, and
prototyping. SGI Cosmo Player is a VRML 2.0 browser which is a Netscape
plugin for the SGI and PC Windows 95 platforms.

The Car Welder is listed in the SGI \"VRML 2.0 Worlds ‑ Cosmonaut
Academy\" WWW page at http://vrml.sgi.com/worlds/vrml2.html.

The geometry of this model was translated from Deneb Robotics Software
using the translator developed at NIST by Qiming Wang. To try out this
model, go to:

http://www.nist.gov/itl/div878/ovrt/projects/vrml/vrmlfiles.html. A VRML
2.0 browser is required. Sharon Laskowski is the ITL contact.

**Optical Fingerprint Recognition in Financial and Internet Security
Applications**

ITL researchers combined optical correlation methods and digital neural
networks to provide more accurate real‑time fingerprint matching for
financial, credit, and Internet security applications. The Information
Storage and Interconnect System Project, sponsored by the Federal Bureau
of Investigation (FBI), explored how optical methods of image storage
and 3‑D holography can support various correlation methods recognizing
unique patterns such as fingerprints. Such methods would be more
accurate and user‑friendly than current optical correlation or retinal
scanning.

Fingerprints are differentiated by a process known as minutia matching,
in which the coordinates of the ridge ending of the fingertips are used
for differentiation. However, this method tends to result in a number of
false positives. In optical pattern recognition, the fingerprint image
is loaded onto a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and is Fourier
transformed into a 3‑D hologram by a system lens developed by ITL
scientist Eung‑Gi Paek. Then, the correlation of the input is analyzed
via the output plane. The optical system can more accurately enter the
input pattern into the neural network system, which in turn can
\"recognize\" and differentiate a pattern when it is introduced to the
system again. When used in addition to minutia matching, the technology
adds another dimension to the identification specifications, allowing a
more detailed search of the neural network.

Possible commercial applications include the use of fingerprint images
for credit card verification, automatic teller machine access, and
Internet access in place of or along with passwords. ITL researchers are
seeking industry collaborators to move into the project\'s next phase of
refining the neural network and testing the prototype system in
industry. ITL is working with the Financial Services Technology
Consortium, an organization of banks, financial service providers,
technology companies, national laboratories, universities, and
government agencies to advance the commercialization of the technology.
Charles Wilson and Victor McCrary represent ITL in this effort.

**Standard for Exchange of Forensic Information**

ITL's successful collaborations with industry and with the law
enforcement community resulted in the development of a specification,
which supplements a previous standard, for the exchange of forensic
information. Consensus on the specification was achieved through a
canvass that ITL conducted under its accreditation by the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) as a sponsor of standards for
information interchange. ITL also sponsored workshops where participants
reached agreements on technical details. The ANSI Board of Standards
Review approved the Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint,
Facial and SMT Information (ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997) as an American
National Standard. This work is also a component of the framework that
ITL has been discussing with the Office of Law Enforcement Standards to
support digital representation and exchange of cartridge and bullet
imagery data gathered at a crime scene. Mike McCabe is the ITL contact.

**Standard for Interactive Cable TV**

IBM, Lucent, Scientific Atlanta, and Zenith Electronics worked with ITL
to develop standard specifications for cable TV over Hybrid Fiber
Coaxial networks. Working jointly with these companies and other members
of the IEEE 802.14 standards group, ITL conducted an unbiased
performance evaluation of the media access control (MAC) protocols that
had been submitted to the standards group. Researchers implemented the
candidate MAC protocols using a commercial network simulation package.
The results from this work were reported to the IEEE 802.14 group and
the software simulation modules were released to the public. These
modules are currently being used by companies such as 3Com, Bellcore,
Com21, Digital Equipment, General Instruments, LANcity, Lucent, and
Scientific Atlanta as they develop their own standards‑conformant MAC
protocols. David Su is the ITL contact.

**Web Site Helps Designers of Children's Products**

In a 1997 workshop \"Systems Anthropometry\" co-sponsored by NIST and
the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), speakers and over 100
attendees discussed the use and applications of human dimensional
measurements, the field of anthropometry. With the support of the CPSC,
ITL established a Web site called \"AnthroKids\" which makes available
the only anthropometric survey data of children conducted in the U.S.
This data is valuable to designers of any type of product with which
children come into contact, i.e., cars, playgrounds, cribs, etc. The
NIST Web site,

http://www.itl.nist.gov/div894/ovrt/projects/anthrokids, provides the
data in several data formats. In addition, ITL is working with several
companies that make human modeling software to incorporate the data as
part of their products.

Sandy Ressler represents ITL in this work.

**COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS**

Through Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs), we
establish partnerships with industry, academia, and government to pursue
mutual areas of research. Our technical staff worked with the following
37 organizations in 1997:

**Research Partner Project**

University of Tennessee, Knoxville Mechanisms for Adaptable and
Efficient Information Retrieval Clients and Servers

SETA Corporation Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Software Development

Calimetrics, Inc. Investigation of Test Methods, Standards, and High
Performance Distributed Computing Applications for CD and DVD-Based
Optical Data Storage Subsystems

SoHaR Incorporated Standard Reference Material for Software Error,
Fault, Failure Data \-- Collection & Repository

The North American ISDN Users\' Forum (NIUF) is an industry/government
forum established in 1988 to create a strong user voice in the
implementation of ISDN applications. In 1997, CRADA partners were:

ADTRAN

AHK & Associates

Alliance Data Systems

Ameritech Services

AT&T Bell Laboratories

Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc.

Bell Communications Research

BellSouth

Defense Communication Agency

EICON Technology Corporation

Ericsson Inc.

GTE Southwest Incorporated

Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc.

Intecom, Inc.

International Business Machines Corporation

Lucent Technologies

Metropolitan Fiber Systems

Network General Corporation

North Carolina State University

Northern Telecom, Inc.

NYNEX

RLR Resources

Siemens Telecom Networks

Southwestern Bell Telephone Company

Synergy Group, The

TASC (The Analytic Sciences Corporation)

Telamon, Inc.

Telrepco Services, Inc.

The Boeing Company

Transaction Network Services, Inc.

U.S. Air Force (Technology Integration Center)

U.S. West

West Virginia University

**GUEST RESEARCHERS**

**Guest Scientists and Research Associates 71**

Organizations represented include:

Arizona State University

Armament Development Authority

Chungnam National University

Department of Defense, National Security Agency

Ecole Normal Superieure

Ecole Nationale Superieure Des Telecommunications

Ecole Superieure D'Informatique et Applications De Lorraine

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Korea

Environmental Protection Agency

Flinders University

George Mason University, Operations Research and Engineering

George Washington University

GMD Fokus

Hyundai Electronics America

Institute for Computer Aided Design, Russian Academy of Sciences

Institute for Defense Analysis

Institut National Des Telecommunications, France

IUT de DIJON

Korea Telecom Research Laboratories

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Ministry of Information and Communications, Taiwan

National Science Foundation

National Institute of Applied Sciences

Naval Research Laboratory

Purdue University

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

University of Huddlesfield

University of Maryland

University of Nancy, France

University of South Florida

University of Twente, The Netherlands

**Faculty Appointments 21**

Colleges and universities represented include:

Arizona State University

Clemson University

Colorado State University

Columbia University

George Mason University

George Washington University

Loyola College

Old Dominion University

University of Delaware

University of Maryland

University of North Carolina

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

**Assistance to Singapore Government**

ITL continued its long-standing collaboration with government and
private organizations in Singapore by providing technical advice and
assistance in computer security to standards working groups, government
departments, the Productivity and Standards Board which provides testing
and metrology services to the Singapore government, and the banking
industry. Stuart Katzke is the ITL contact.

**ATM Network Technology in Korea**

Through a Memorandum of Understanding, ITL, the Korean Telcom Research
Group (KTRG), and the Electronics and Telecommunications Research
Institute (ETRI) are jointly developing abstract conformance test and
interoperability test suites for the ATM network protocols and
Video‑on‑Demand (VoD) service. KTRG and ETRI assigned guest scientists
to work at NIST with ITL researchers in developing test suites and VoD
reference implementations.

**Collaboration with Japan's Electrotechnical Laboratory**

Staff from the Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division are
collaborating with researchers of Japan's Electrotechnical Laboratory
(ETL) on network infrastructure for high performance computing. As part
of this work, ETL is providing a Japanese mirror of the NIST Matrix
Market, a visual database of large sparse matrices from industrial
applications, while NIST is incorporating interactive matrix generation
software from ETL into the Matrix Market.

# **Collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences**

As part of a cooperative agreement between NIST and the Russian Academy
of Sciences (RAS), Daniel Lozier, Mathematical and Computational
Sciences Division, has been participating in a scientific exchange with
Dr. Yuri Rappoport of the RAS Institute for Computer Aided Design. They
are working on algorithms for the

MacDonald, or modified Bessel, functions. These arise as the kernel of
the Kantorovich-Lebedev integral transform, for which little software
exists in Western computer libraries. Lozier visited the Russian Academy
for two weeks in the fall of 1996, while Rappoport

visited NIST for three months during the summer of 1997. The National
Research Council (NRC) is considering a proposal to send an NRC
postdoctoral researcher to Moscow to work with Rappoport on the project.

**Common Criteria (CC)**

To improve the metrics and methods required to specify, build, and
evaluate advanced information technology (IT) security products and
systems, ITL is collaborating with Canada, France, United Kingdom,
Germany, and the Netherlands to develop a common criteria specification
that is flexible, extensible, responsive to market forces, and accepted
by the major western economic powers. The CC is a comprehensive
framework and technical criteria for defining and evaluating the
security of IT products and systems. Specific activities include a North
America-Europe effort to develop a harmonized CC and the conduct of
trial evaluations to validate the CC. Another project, funded by the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, compares evaluations of the
Trusted Mach Operating System against the European Information
Technology Security Evaluation Criteria. The evaluations are being
conducted by United Kingdom and German commercially licensed evaluation
laboratories.

**Cryptographic Module Validation**

ITL and the Communications Security Establishment of the Government of
Canada collaborated on the development of the Cryptographic Module
Validation Program, which has been operational since July 1995. To date
four software cryptographic modules and four hardware cryptomodules have
been validated. Products validated by this program as conforming to FIPS
140-1, *Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules*, are accepted
for use in both the U.S. and Canada for the protection of sensitive,
unclassified information.

**G-7 Global Information Society Inventory Pilot Project**

> Under the coordination of the European Community and Japan, the Global
> Inventory Project (GIP), one of eleven pilot projects designed to
> stimulate global applications of information technologies, aims to
> produce a multimedia inventory of national and international projects,
> studies, and calls relevant to the promotion and further development
> of knowledge and understanding of the information society. As the U.S.
> point of reference, ITL established an entry point for a sampling of
> current and proposed U.S. information infrastructure projects under
> ten application areas defined by the G7 nations. Electronic project
> submission and access to the resources are available via the U.S.
> National Information Infrastructure Virtual Library Home Page at
> \<http://nii.nist.gov\>.

**G-7 Pilot Project on Global Electronic Commerce**

Along with Japan and the European Community (EC), the National Institute
of Standards and Technology was designated the lead agency in the G7
Information Society Pilot Project \"Global Marketplace for Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs).\" The SME project seeks to identify the
information needs of SMEs, promote SME use of the information
infrastructure, and encourage the development and demonstration of
electronic commerce. ITL maintains the Web site for the G7 Electronic
Commerce Testbed Pilot Projects found at
\<http://nii.nist.gov/g7/10_global_mp/testbeds/registered.html\>. Judith
Moline is the U.S. contact for the G7 GIP and SME projects.

**International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP)**

ITL is active in the IFIP Working Group on Numerical Software (WG 2.5),
which is part of the IFIP Technical Committee on Programming Languages
(TC 2). Ronald Boisvert, Mathematical and Computational Sciences
Division, who was elected to membership in WG 2.5 last year, edited the
proceedings of the IFIP WG 2.5 Conference on the Quality of Numerical
Software held in July 1996 in Oxford, England. The proceedings,
published this year by Chapman & Hall, contains papers by R. Boisvert,
K. Remington and R. Pozo on the NIST Matrix Market, and by D. Lozier on
the NIST Software Testing Service for Special Functions.

**International Public Sector Information Technology (IPSIT) Group**

IPSIT is an informal association of representatives of public sector
organizations that identify, discuss, share experiences, and raise
awareness on issues in information management and technology in an
informal and candid way with a view to encouraging action and
resolution. IPSIT discusses topics of mutual interest from the
perspective of national solutions. Areas of interest include common
information and communications architectures, interconnectivity,
information exchange, use of standards, and publicly available
specifications. Participation includes representatives from Australia,
Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden,
Switzerland, the UK, and the U.S. ITL participates as a representative
of the U.S. Government.

**Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)**

Based in Brussels, Belgium, the OECD is associated with the European
Community (EC). ITL participated in the U.S. delegation to the OECD
Cryptography Experts Group resulting in OECD's Cryptography Principles.
Edward Roback represented ITL in this effort.

**System for Inter-American Metrology (SIM)**

> In cooperation with the NIST Office of International Relations, the
> Statistical Engineering Division worked to acquaint SIM partners with
> statistical methods for calibration of artifacts and certification of
> reference materials (RM). Mark Levenson and Lisa Gill spent several
> days at Queretaro, Mexico, consulting with CENAM staff on problems
> associated with the certification of RMs; namely, selection of
> materials, design of experiments to optimize information gained from
> analysis, and uncertainty analysis. James Filliben and Lynne Hare
> participated in the Advanced School for Metrology: Evaluation of
> Uncertainty in Measurement which was held in Brazil. Carroll Croarkin
> spent three days in Panama City presenting a Workshop on Advanced Mass
> Measurements to metrologists from the national laboratories in the
> CAMET region with the goal of achieving comparability of mass
> calibrations within SIM via standardization of weighing procedures and
> statistical analyses.

**PATENTS**

Patents issued to ITL researchers are:

Cryptographic Key Notarization Methods and Apparatus

Miles Smid and Dennis Branstad

Issued May 31, 1983

Object/Anti-Object Neural Network Segmentation

Charles Wilson, Michael Garris, and R. Wilkinson

Issued September 14, 1993

Method and Apparatus for Analyzing Character Strings

Jon Geist

Issued July 12, 1994

Automated Recognition of Characters Using Optical Filtering With
Positive and Negative Functions Encoding Pattern and Relevance
Information

Charles Wilson

Issued November 1, 1994

Automated Recognition of Characters Using Optical Filtering With Maximum
Uncertainty Minimum Variance (MUMV) Functions

Charles Wilson and James Blue

Issued December 6, 1994

Apparatus For Identifying Unknown Words By Comparison to Known Words

Jon Geist

Issued February 21, 1995

Procedure for Digital Image Restoration

Alfred S. Carasso

Issued May 9, 1995

Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Kensei Ehara

Issued June 27, 1995

Procedure for Digital Image Restoration

(continuation in part)

Alfred S. Carasso

Issued May 6, 1997

**PUBLICATIONS**

October 1996 - December 1997

NIST Publications are available from the Government Printing Office
(GPO) at (202) 512-1800 or the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS) at (703) 605-6000. SN numbers are stocked by GPO; PB numbers are
stocked by NTIS. Our NIST Publications List 88, *Information Technology
Publications and Products*, is available online at
http://www.nist.gov/itl/lab/list88.htm.

NIST Special Title

Publication

**STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL SERIES**

260-131 The Certification of 100 mm Diameter Silicon Resistivity SRMs
2541 through 2547 using Dual-Configuration Four-Point Measurements

> By J. R. Ehrstein and M. Carroll Croarkin

August 1997 SN003-003-03495-9 \$8.00

**NIST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERIES**

500-236 *Overview of the Fourth Text REtrieval Conference*

*(TREC-4)*

Donna K. Harman, Editor

October 1996 SN003-003-03430-4 \$59.00

500-237 *Symposium Transcription - Usability Engineering: Industry-
Government Collaboration for System Effectiveness and Efficiency*

Laura L. Downey and Sharon J. Laskowski, Editors

July 1997 SN003-003-03484-3 \$21.00

500-238 *Overview of the Fifth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-5)*

Ellen M. Voorhees and Donna K. Harman, Editors

November 1997 SN003-003-03505-0

**NIST COMPUTER SECURITY SERIES**

800-15 *Minimum Interoperability Specification for PKI Components
(MISPC), Version 1*

By William E. Burr, Donna F. Dodson, Noel A. Nazario, and William T.
Polk

November 1997

**NIST FEDERAL IMPLEMENTATION CONVENTIONS FOR**

**ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE SERIES**

NIST Special Title

Publication

881-10 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 810, Invoice \--
\[Commercial Invoice\] Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03450-9 \$4.75

881-11 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 820, Payment
Order/Remittance Advice Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03451-7 \$4.00

881-12 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 855, Purchase Order
Acknowledgment Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03452-5 \$3.00

881-13 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 997, Functional
Acknowledgment Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03453-3 \$1.75

881-14 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 864, Text Message
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03454-1 \$2.25

881-15 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 824, Application Advice
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03455-0 \$2.25

881-16 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 832, Price/Sales Catalog
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03456-8 \$6.00

881-17 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 997, Functional
Acknowledgment Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03457-6 \$1.75

881-18 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 840, Request for Quotation
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03458-4 \$9.00

881-19 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 864, Text Message
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

April 1997 SN003-003-03459-2 \$1.75

881-20 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003060 Transaction Set 194, Grant or Assistance
Application Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03463-1 \$7.00

881-21 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003060 Transaction Set 841,
Specifications/Technical Information (Request for Technical Information)
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03464-9 \$2.75

881-22 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003060 Transaction Set 841,
Specifications/Technical Information (Provide Technical Information)
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03465-7 \$3.00

881-23 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 870, Order Status Report
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03480-1 \$2.50

881-24 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 869, Order Status Inquiry
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03466-5 \$2.00

881-25 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 805, Contract Pricing
Proposal Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

March 1997 SN003-003-03467-3 \$5.00

881-26 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 251, Pricing Support
Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

August 1997 SN003-003-03474-6

881-27 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 822, Customer Account
Analysis Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

August 1997 SN003-003-03489-4

881-28 *Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data
Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 836, Procurement Notices
(Revision 1) Implementation Convention*

Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor

December 1997

**FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARDS (FIPS) ACTIVITY 1997**

To order FIPS, contact NTIS at (703) 605-6000.

FIPS 192-1, Application Profile for the Government Information Locator
Service (GILS), approved August 1, 1997

FIPS 196, Entity Authentication Using Public Key Cryptography, approved
February 19, 1997

In July 1997, 33 FIPS were withdrawn because they were obsolete or had
not been updated to adopt current voluntary industry standards.

**CURRENT ITL BULLETINS**

To receive bulletins via email, send an email message to
listproc@nist.gov with the message **subscribe itl-bulletin** and your
proper name, e.g., John Doe. To request bulletins or to be placed on our
bulletin mailing list, call (301) 975-2832. Bulletins are also available
at http://www.itl.nist.gov/lab/csl-pubs.htm.

John Wack and S. Kurzban, *Computer Virus Attacks*, August 1990.

Edward Roback, *Computer Security Roles of NIST and NSA*, February 1991.

Jim Dray, *Advanced Authentication Technology*, November 1991.

John Wack, *Establishing a Computer Security Incident Response
Capability*, February 1992.

Dennis Branstad, *An Introduction to Secure Telephone Terminals*, March
1992.

Edward Roback, *Disposition of Sensitive Automated Information*, October
1992.

Edward Roback, *Sensitivity of Information*, November 1992.

Shirley Radack, *Guidance on the Legality of Keystroke Monitoring*,
March 1993.

Edward Roback and Barbara Guttman, *Security Issues in Public Access
Systems*, May 1993.

John Wack, *Connecting to the Internet: Security Considerations*, July
1993.

Barbara Guttman and Edward Roback, *Security Program Management*, August
1993.

Edward Roback and Barbara Guttman, *People: An Important Asset in
Computer Security*, October 1993.

Edward Roback and Barbara Guttman, *Computer Security Policy: Setting
the Stage for Success*, January 1994.

Barbara Guttman, Edward Roback, and Elizabeth Lennon, *Threats to
Computer Systems: An Overview*, March 1994.

John F. Barkley, *Reducing the Risks of Internet Connection and Use*,
May 1994.

Donna Dodson, Edward Roback, and Elizabeth Lennon, *Digital Signature
Standard*, November 1994.

Shirley Radack (editor), *The Data Encryption Standard: An Update*,
February 1995.

Frederick Boland, *Acquiring and Using Asynchronous Transfer Mode in the
Workplace*, March 1995.

Lisa Carnahan, *FIPS 140-1: A Framework for Cryptographic Standards*,
August 1995.

Barbara Guttman and Elizabeth Lennon, *Preparing for Contingencies and
Disasters*, September 1995.

David Ferraiolo, John Barkley, and Shirley Radack, *An Introduction to
Role-Based Access Control*, December 1995.

Robert Bagwill, *Human/Computer Interface Security Issues*, February
1996.

Gary Fisher and Elizabeth Lennon (editor), *Millennium Rollover: The
Year 2000 Problem*, March 1996.

Eugene Troy, *Guidance on the Selection of Low Level Assurance Evaluated
Products*, April 1996.

Robert Bagwill, *The World Wide Web: Managing Security Risks*, May 1996.

Barbara Guttman, *Information Security Policies for Changing Information
Technology Environments*, June 1996.

James Foti, *Implementation Issues for Cryptography*, August 1996.

Barbara Guttman, *Generally Accepted System Security Principles (GSSPs):
Guidance on Securing Information Technology (IT) Systems*, October 1996.

Marianne Swanson, *Federal Computer Incident Response Capability
(FEDCIRC)*, November 1996.

Lisa Carnahan and Barbara Guttman, *Security Issues for Telecommuting*,
January 1997.

Elizabeth B. Lennon, *Advanced Encryption Standard*, February 1997.

Lawrence Bassham and Barbara Guttman, *Audit Trails*, March 1997.

Barbara Guttman and Edward Roback, *Security Considerations in Computer
Support and Operations,* April 1997.

Donna Dodson and Noel Nazario*, Public Key Infrastructure Technology*,
July 1997.

Shirley Radack, *Cryptography Standards and Supporting Infrastructures:
A Status Report*, September 1997.

Barbara Guttman, Robert H. Bagwill, and Elizabeth B. Lennon (editor),
*Internet Electronic Mail*, November 1997.

**OTHER NIST PUBLICATIONS**

Pub. Number Title

NISTIR 5725 *User\'s Guide for RDA/SQL Validation Tests*

*(Version 1.0)*

By Joan Sullivan and Kevin G. Brady

December 1996 PB97-129571 \$19.50

NISTIR 5916 *A Proposed Software Test Service for Special Functions*

By Daniel W. Lozier

October 1996 PB97-159453 \$19.50

NISTIR 5932 *Design, Integration, and Evaluation of Form-Based Handprint
and OCR Systems*

By Charles L. Wilson, Jon Geist, Michael D. Garris, and Rama Chellappa

December 1996 PB97-129563 \$25.00

NISTIR 5935 *The Matrix Market Exchange Formats: Initial Design*

By Ronald F. Boisvert, Roldan Pozo, and Karin A. Remington

December 1996 PB97-132112 \$19.50

NISTIR 5938 *Information Technology Laboratory Technical Accomplishments
1996*

By Elizabeth B. Lennon and Shirley M. Radack

January 1997 PB97-138275 \$28.00

NISTIR 5942 *Distributive Lattices and Hypergraph Coloring*

By James F. Lawrence

February 1997 PB97-153431 \$10.00

NISTIR 5948 *MGGHAT User\'s Guide Version 1.1*

By William F. Mitchell

January 1997 PB97-153746 \$19.50

NISTIR 5954 *RISQ: A Web-Based Tool for Referencing Information on
Software Quality*

By Charles B. Weinstock and Dolores R. Wallace

January 1997 PB97-140578 \$19.50

NISTIR 5955 *Combined Optical and Neural Network Fingerprint Matching*

By Charles L. Wilson, Craig I. Watson, and Eung Gi Paek

January 1997 PB97-140545 \$19.50

NISTIR 5959 *NIST Form-Based Handprint Recognition System*

*(Release 2.0)*

By Michael D. Garris, James L. Blue, Gerald T. Candela, Patrick J.
Grother, Stanley A. Janet, and Charles L. Wilson

January 1997 PB97-138242 \$21.50

NISTIR 5971 *STOPWATCH User's Guide Version 1.0*

By William F. Mitchell

March 1997 PB97-151567 \$21.50

NISTIR 5985 *A Fortran 90 Interface for OpenGL*

By William F. Mitchell

March 1997 PB97-151575 \$19.50

NISTIR 5993 *Operating Principles of the PCI Bus MultiKron Interface
Board*

By Alan Mink and Wayne Salamon

March 1997 PB97-157986 \$19.50

NISTIR 5998 *User's Guide for the SQL Test Suite, Version 6.0*

By David Flater, Leonard Gallagher, Shirley Hurwitz, and Joan Sullivan

December 1996 PB97-158158 \$28.00

NISTIR 6009 *Healthcare Standards Needs for Using the NII: An
Application of the IISP Framework Method*

By Susan B. Katz

April 1997 PB97-184048 \$19.50

NISTIR 6011 *Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial &
SMT Information*

By R. Michael McCabe

April 1997 PB97-167464 \$21.50

NISTIR 6016 *Non-Mechanical Image Rotation Using an AODP \[Acousto-
Optic Dove Prism\]*

*By Eung G. Paek, Joon Y. Choe, Tae K. Oh, John H. Hong, and Tallis Y.
Chang*

September 1997 PB98-103880 \$10.00

NISTIR 6017 *Optical Pattern Recognition Using Microlasers*

By Eung G. Paek

January 1998

NISTIR 6018 *Diffuse-Interface Methods in Fluid Mechanics*

By Daniel M. Anderson, Geoffrey B. McFadden, and A.A.

Wheeler

May 1997 PB97-184097 \$21.50

NISTIR 6022 *S-Check, by Example*

By Robert D. Snelick

June 1997 PB97-184105 \$19.50

NISTIR 6025 *Metrology for Information Technology \[IT\]*

By Michael D. Hogan, Gary P. Carver, Lisa J. Carnahan, Martha M. Gray,
Theodore Hopp, Jeffrey Horlick, Gordon E. Lyon, and Elena Messina

May 1997 PB97-196927 \$21.50

NISTIR 6031 *Parallelizing a Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta Method*

By Hai C. Tang

June 1997 PB97-196885 \$19.50

NISTIR 6038 *2-D True Time Delay Generation Using Fiber Chirp Gratings
and Acousto-Optic Beam Deflectors*

By Eung G. Paek, Joon Y. Choe, and Tae K. Oh

January 1998

NISTIR 6051 *Narrow-Bandwidth Grating-Assisted Acousto-Optic Tunable
Filter*

By Eung G. Paek, Joon Y. Choe, and Tae K. Oh

January 1998

NISTIR 6060 *Optical Metrology for Industrialization of Optical
Information Processing*

By David Casasent and Charles L. Wilson

September 1997 PB97-210801 \$19.50

NISTIR 6068 *Report on the TMACH Experiment*

By Ellen Flahavin, Goswin Eisen, Steve Hill, Heribert Spindler, Julian
Straw, and Andy Webber

July 1997 PB98-104169 \$21.50

NISTIR 6072 *Towards a Revised NBS Handbook of Mathematical Functions*

By Daniel W. Lozier

September 1997

NISTIR 6073 *The Application of Numerical Grid Generation to*

*Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics*

By Bonita V. Saunders

September 1997 PB97-210744 \$19.50

NISTIR 6074 *Limits of SUMT Trajectories in Convex Programming*

By G.P. McCormick and Christoph Witzgall

September 1997

NISTIR 6076 *Translating IGRIP Workcells into VRML2*

> By Qiming Wang and Sandy Ressler
>
> September 1997

NISTIR 6080 *High Resolution Grating-Assisted Acousto-Optic Tunable*

*Filter*

By Eung G. Paek, Joon Y. Choe, and Tae K. Oh

January 1998

NISTIR 6090 *Creating and Validating a Large Image Database for METTREC*

By Michael D. Garris and William W. Klein

December 1997

NISTIR 6101 *Impact of Image Quality on Machine Print Optical Character
Recognition*

By Michael D. Garris, Stanley Janet, and William W. Klein

December 1997

NISTIR 6108 *High-Speed Temporal Characterization and Visualization of
Spatial Light Modulators and Flat Panel Displays*

By Eung G. Paek, Charles L. Wilson, John W. Roberts, and Craig I. Watson

January 1998

**TECHNICAL PAPERS**

**October 1996 - December 1997**

Vorburger, T.V.; Song, J.F.; Giauque, C.H.W.; Regegar, T.B.;

Whitenton, E.P.; Croarkin, M.C.; "Stylus-Laser Surface

Calibration System**,"** *Precision Engineering*, 1996.

Coakley, K.J.; "Nonequilibrium Kinetics of Neutral Atoms in a

Harmonic Potential," *Physica A*, 1996.

Liao, C.T.; Iyer, H.K.; Vecchia, D.F.; "Construction of Orthogonal
Two-Level Designs of User-Specified Resolution Where N­2\*\*k,"
*Technometrics*, 1996.

Holland, M.; Williams, J.; Coakley, K.J.; Cooper, J.; "Trajectory

Simulation of Kinetic Equations for Classical Systems," *Quantum*

*Semiclass.Opt*, 1996.

Wilson, S.; Coakley, K.J.; "Analysis of Asymmetry in Physics,"

*Physical Review E*, 1996.

Coakley, K.J.; "A Bootstrap Method for Nonlinear Filtering of EM

ML Reconstructions of PET Images," *International Journal of*

*Imaging Science and Technology*, 1996.

Ehara, K.; Hagwood, C.; Coakley, K.J.; "Novel Method to Classify

Aerosol Particle According to Their Mass-to-Charge Ratio**,"**

*Journal of Aerosol Science*, 1996.

Tsai, S.; Welch, M.J.; Coakley, K.J.; "Certification of

Phencyclidine in Lyophilized Human Urine Reference Materials**,"**

*Journal of Analytical Chemistry*, 1996.

Cavalli, A.R.; Favreau, J.P.; Phalippou, M.; "Standardization of Formal
Methods in Conformance Testing of Communications Protocols," Special
Issue of Computer Networks and ISDN, Vol.29, No. 1, 1996.

Wallace, Dolores R.; Ippolito, Laura M.; "Software Verification

and Validation," pp. 22-30 of NIST SP 223, reprinted in *The*

*Journal of the Quality Assurance Institute*, October 1996.

Downey, L.L.; Laskowski, S.J.; Buie, E.A.; Hartson, H.R.;

*"*Symposium Report \-- Usability Engineering: Industry-Government

Collaboration for System Effectiveness and Efficiency," *SIGCHI*

*Bulletin*, ACM Press, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 66-67, October 1996.

Vrielink, K.H.J.; Baland, E.C.; Devaney, J.E.; *"*AutoLink: An MPI

Library for Sending and Receiving Dynamic Data Structures,"

University of Minnesota Super Computer Institute International

Conference on Parallel Computing, October 3-4, 1996.

Abdel-Wahab, H.; Kvande, B.; Nanjangud, S.; Kim, O.; Favreau,

J.P.; "Using Java for Multimedia Collaborative Applications,"

*Proceedings of PROMS 96*, October 1996.

Burr, W.E.; Nazario, N.A.; Polk, W.T.; "A Proposed Federal PKI

Using X.509 V3 Certificates," *Proceedings of the 19th National*

*Information Systems Security Conference*, Baltimore, Maryland,

October 1996.

Carnahan, L.; Guttman, B.; "Security Issues for Telecommuting,"

*Proceedings of the 19th National Information Systems Security*

*Conference*, Baltimore, Maryland, October 1996.

Flahavin, E.; Snouffer, S.; "The Certification of the Interim Key

Escrow System," *Proceedings of the 19th National Information*

*Systems Security Conference*, Baltimore, Maryland, October 1996.

Nazario, N.A.; "Security Policies for the Federal Public Key

Infrastructure," *Proceedings of the 19th National Information*

*Systems Security Conference*, Baltimore, Maryland, October 1996.

Nazario, N.A.; Burr, W.E.; Polk, W.T.; "Management Model for the

Federal Public Key Infrastructure," *Proceedings of the 19th*

*National Information Systems Security Conference*, Baltimore,

Maryland, October 1996.

Swanson, M.; "U.S. Government-Wide Incident Response Capability,"

*Proceedings of the 19th National Information Systems Security*

*Conference*, Baltimore, Maryland, October 1996.

Wilson, M.; "Marketing and Implementing Computer Security,"

*Proceedings of the 19th National Information Systems Security*

*Conference*, Baltimore, Maryland, October 1996.

Beichl, I.; Sullivan, F.; "Making Connections," *IEEE Computational
Science and Engineering*, Fall 1996.

Devaney, J.E.; Hagedorn, J.G.; "Transforming a MIMD Hardware

Environment into a SIMD Programming Environment," *Proceedings of*

*the 6th Symposium: Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation*,

Annapolis, Maryland, October 27-31, 1996.

Favreau, J.P.; Mills, K., "From the National Information Infrastructure
to the Global Collaboration Infrastructure," *Proceedings of KTIS\'96*,
Seoul, Korea, November 1996.

Gallagher, K.B.; "Visual Impact Analysis," *Proceedings of the*

*International Conference on Software Maintenance \'96*, Monterey,

California, November 5-8, 1996.

Hoyle, R.B.; McFadden, G.B.; Davis, S.H.; "Pattern Selection with
Anisotropy during Directional Solidification," *Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London*, Series A, 1996.

Cugini, J.; Laskowski, S.; Piatko, C.; "Interactive 3-D

Visualization for Document Retrieval," *Proceedings of the 5th*

*International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management*,

Workshop on New Paradigms in Information Visualization and

Manipulation, November 16, 1996.

Lipman, R.; Devaney, J.; "WebSubmit - Running Supercomputer

Applications via the Web," Supercomputing 96, Poster Exhibit,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 17-22, 1996.

Wang, C.M.; Lam, C.T.; "Confidence Limits for Proportion of

Conformance," *Journal of Quality Technology*, 28 (4), 439-445,

1996\.

Hale, P.D.; Wang, C.M.; Park, R.; Lau, W.Y.; "A Transfer Standard

for Measuring Photoreceiver Frequency Response**,"** *Journal of*

*Lightwave Technology*, 14 (11), 2457\--2466, 1996.

Phillips, S.; Estler, W.T.; Borchardt, B.; Hopp, T.; McClain, M.;

Levenson, M.; Eberhardt, K.; "Error Compensation for CMM Touch

Trigger Probes**,"** *Precision Engineering*, 1996.

Swartzendruber, L.; Hicho, G.; Leigh, S.; "Effect of Plastic

Strain on Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of Sheet Steel,"

*Proceedings of the 41^st^ Annual Conference on Magnetism & Magnetic*

*Materials*, 1996.

Ives, L.K.; Jahanir, S.; Gill, L.; Filliben, J.J.; "Effect of Grinding
on Strength of Sintered Reaction Bonded Silicon Nitride**,"**
*Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Machining of
Advanced Materials, (MAM),* Eurogress Aachen, Germany, VDI Berichte
1276, (1996) pp. 603-615, 1996.

Liu, H.K.; "Heigh-Dimensional Empirical Linear Prediction,"

*Advanced Mathematical Tools in Metrology III*, 79-90, 1996.

Zhang, N.F.; "Estimating Process Capability Indices for

Autocorrelated Processes," *Proceedings of the ASA Section on*

*Quality and Productivity*, 1996.

Vangel, M.G.; "Confidence Intervals for a Normal Coefficients of
Variation**,"** *The American Statistician*, 15, 21-26, 1996.

Vangel, M.G.; "Design Allowables From Regression Models Using

Data From Several Batches in Composite Materials," Testing and

Design (Twelfth Volume), ASTM STP 1274, R.B. Deo and C.R. Saff,

Eds., American Society of Testing and Materials, 358-370, 1996.

Schen, M.A.; Mopsik, F.; Wu, W.; Wallace, W.E.; Beck Tan, N.C.; Davis,
G.T.; Guthrie, W.F.; "Advances in Measurement of Polymer CTE: Micrometer
to Atomic Scale Measurements**,"** *Proceedings of the 211th American
Chemical Society National Meeting, Division of Polymer Chemistry*, 37
(1), 180\--182, 1996.

Cresswell, M.W.; Allen, R.A.; Linholm, L.W.; Guthrie, W.F.; Gurnell,
A.W.: "Hybrid Optical-Electrical Overlay Test Structures**,"**
*Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on
Microelectronic Test Structures*, 9, 9\--12, 1996.

Cresswell, M.W.; Sniegowski, J.J.; Ghoshtagore, R.N.; Allen, R.A.;
Guthrie, W.F.; Gurnell, A.W.; Linholm, L.W.; Dixson, R.G.; Teague, E.C.;
"Recent Developments in Electrical Linewidth and Overlay Metrology for
Integrated Circuit Fabrication Processes**,"** *Japanese Journal of
Applied Physics*, 35 (12B), 6597\--6609, 1996.

Ferraiolo, K.; Ippolito, L.M.; "Conference Report: COMPASS \'96,

The Eleventh Annual Conference on Computer Assurance," *NIST*

*Journal of Research*, November/December 1996.

Paek, E.G.; "Optical Pattern Recognition Using Microlasers," Book
chapter in *Optical Pattern Recognition*.

De Jong, A.; Hsing, K.; Su, D.; *A VoD Application Implemented in Java*,
Special Issue of Video on Demand Systems: Technology, Interoperability,
and Trial, International Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications.

Alpert, B.; Jakob-Chien, R.; \"A Fast Spherical Filter with

Uniform Resolution,\" *Journal of Computational Physics*, (1997).

Alpert, B.; Wittmann, R.; Francis, M.; \"Planar Near-Field Antenna

Measurements Using Nonideal Measurement Locations,\" submitted to

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society.

Coriell, S.; Chernov, A.; Murray, B.; McFadden, G.; \"Step

Bunching: Generalized Kinetics,\" accepted by Journal of Crystal

Growth.

Coriell, S.R.; Mitchell, W.F.; Murray, B.T.; Andrews J.B.;

Arikawa, Y.; \"Analysis of Monotectic Growth: Infinite Diffusion in the
\$L_2\$ Phase,\" *Journal of Crystal Growth 179*: 647-657 (1997).

Anderson, D.M.; McFadden, G.B.; "A Diffuse-Interface Description

of Fluid Systems," *Physics of Fluids* 9:1870-1879, 1997.

De Jong, A.; Kang, T.; *Access to a DAVIC-Based Video on Demand System
Using the World Wide Web*, Proceedings of the 11^th^ International
Conference on Information Networking, Tapei, Taiwan, January 1997.

Brady, M.; Rosenthal, L.; "Interactive Conformance Testing for

VRML," *Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Symposium on Virtual Reality
Modeling Language*, 1997.

Golmie, N.; "Cable Modem MAC Layer," Chapter 6, pp. 349-358, *High-Speed
Cable Modems*, McGraw-Hill Series on Computer Communications, 1997.

Davies, M.A.; Burns, T.J.; Evans, C.J.; \"On the Dynamics of Chip

Formation in Machining Hard Metals,\" *Annals of the CIRP* 46: 25-30

(1997).

Donahue, M.J.; Gurvits, L.; Darken, C.; Sontag, E.; \"Rates of

Convex Approximations in Non-Hilbert Spaces,\" *Constructive*

*Approximation*, 13: 187-220 (1997).

Donahue, M.J.; McMichael, R.D.; \"Exchange Energy Representations

in Computational Micromagnetics,\" *Physica B*, 233: 272-278 (1997).

McMichael, R.D.; Donahue, M.J.; \"Head to Head Domain Wall

Structures in Thin Magnetic Strips,\" *IEEE Transactions on*

*Magnetics 33*: 4167-4169 (1997).

Seidman, G.; "Extension Nodes to Facilitate VRML User Interface

Development," *Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Symposium on Virtual*

*Reality Modeling Language*, 1997.

Wilson, C.L.; Blue, J.L., Omidvar, O.M.; "Training Dynamics on Neural
Network Performance," *Neural Networks*, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 907-923,
1997.

Wilson, C.L.; Geist, J.; Garris, M.; Chellappa, T.; "Design,
Integration, and Evaluation of Form-Based Handprint and OCR Systems," to
be published in *IEEE Proceedings.*

Wallace, Dolores R.; Ippolito, Laura M.; "Verifying and Validating
Software Requirements Specifications," *Software Requirements
Engineering*, Second Edition, IEEE Computer Society Press, January 1997.

Boisvert, R.F.; Pozo, R.; Remington, K.; Barrett, R.; Dongarra, J.J.;
"The Matrix Market: A Web Repository for Test Matrix Data," *The Quality
of Numerical Software, Assessment and Enhancement,* (Ronald F. Boisvert,
Ed), Chapman & Hall, London, 1997, pp. 125-137.

Boisvert, R.F.; Ed.; *The Quality of Numerical Software: Assessment and
Enhancement*, Chapman & Hall, London, 1997.

Golmie, N.; Su, D.; "Performance Evaluation of New Packet Admittance
Policies for 802.14 MAC Protocol," *Proceedings of the Fourth
International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks,* Paris,
France, January 1997.

Wilson, C.L.; "A New Self-Organizing Neural Network Architecture for
Parallel Multi-Map Pattern Recognition - FAUST," *Progress in Neural
Networks,* Vol. 5, 1997*.*

Ressler, S.; Wang, Q.; Bodarky, S.; Sheppard, C.; Seidman, G.;

"Using VRML to Access Manufacturing Data," *Proceedings of VRML97 Second
Symposium on the Virtual Reality Modeling Language*, Monterey,
California, February 1997.

Grother, P.J.; Candela, G.T.; Blue, J.L.; "Fast Implementations of
Nearest Neighbor Classifiers," *Pattern Recognition*, 1997.

Rehm, R.G.; McGrattan, K.B.; Baum, H.R.; Cassel, K.W.; "Transport

by Gravity Currents in Building Fires," *Proceedings of the Fifth*

*International Symposium on Fire Safety Science*, Melbourne,

Australia, March 1997.

Hogan, M.D.; Radack, S.M.; "The Quest for Information Technology

(IT) Standards for the Global Information Infrastructure (GII),"

*StandardView*, *ACM Perspectives on Standardization*, Vol. 5, No.1,
March 1997.

Douglas, J.F.; Hildegard, H.M.; Frantz, P.; Lipman, R.; Granick, S.;
"Origin and Characterization of Conformational Heterogeneity in Adsorbed
Polymer Layers," *Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter*, vol. 9 (1997)
pp. 7699-7718.

Wakid, Shukri A.; Radack, Shirley M.; "Measurement-Based Standards for
Future Information Technology Systems," *StandardView, ACM Perspectives
on Standardization*, Vol. 5, No.1, March 1997.

Cresswell, M.W.; Sniegowski, J.J.; Ghoshtagore, R.N.; Allen, R.A.;
Guthrie, W.F.; Linholm, L.W.; "Electrical Linewidth Test Structures
Fabricated in Mono-Crystalline Films for Reference-Material
Applications," *Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on
Microelectronic Test Structures*, 10, 1997.

Lee, W.E.; Guthrie, W.F.; Cresswell, M.W.; Allen, R.A.; Sniegowski,
J.J.; Linholm, L.W.; "Reference-Length Shortening by Kelvin Voltage Taps
in Linewidth Test Structures Replicated in Mono-Crystalline Silicon
Films**,"** *Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on
Microelectronic Test Structures*, 10, 1997.

Cresswell, M.W.; Allen, R.A.; Linholm, L.W.; Guthrie, W.F.; Penzes,
W.B.; Gurnell A.W.; "Hybrid Optical-Electrical Overlay Test Structures,"
*IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing*, 10 (2), 1997.

Vangel, M.G.; "ANOVA Estimates of Variance Components for Quasi-Balanced
Mixed Models**,"** accepted for publication in *Journal of Statistical
Planning and Inference.*

Behlke, M.; Saraswati, R.; Mackey, E.; Demiralp, R.; Porter, B.;
Levenson, M.S.; Vangel, M.G.; Mandic, V,; Azemard, S.; Horvat, M.; May,
K.; Emons, H.; Wise, S.; "Certification of Three Mussel Tissue Standard
Reference Materials (SRMs) for Methylmercury and Total Mercury
Content**,"** accepted for publication in *Journal of Analytical
Chemistry*.

Bennett, L.H.; Donahue, M.J.; Shapiro, A.J.; Brown, H.J.;

Gornakov, V.S.; Nikitenko, V.I.; \"Investigation of Domain Wall

Formation and Motion in Magnetic Multilayers,\" Physica B, 233: 356-364
(1997).

Boggs, P.T.; "A Global Convergence Analysis of an Algorithm for Large
Scale Nonlinear Optimization Problems," *SIAM Journal of Optimization.*

Boggs, P.; Kearsley, A.; Tolle, J.; \"A Practical Algorithm for the
Solution of Large Scale Nonlinear Optimization Problems,\" *SIAM Journal
on Optimization*.

Lozier, Daniel W.; "A Proposed Software Test Service for Special
Functions," *Quality of Numerical Software, Assessment and Enhancement*,
Ronald F. Boisvert, Editor, pp. 167-178, Chapman and Hall, 1997.

Langer, S.A.; Glotzer, S.C.; "Morphogenesis in Nematic Liquid
Crystal/Polymer Materials," *Proceedings of CPIP \'96, Physica A.*

Mitchell, W.F.; "The Full Domain Partition Approach for Parallel
Multigrid on Adaptive Grids," *Proceedings of the 8^th^ SIAM Conference
on Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing*.

Zhang, N.F.; "A Statistical Control Chart for Stationary Process Data,"
accepted for publication in *Technometrics*.

Zhang, N.F.; Postek, M.T.; Larrabee, R.D.; "Statistical Models

for Estimating the Measurement of Pitch in Metrology

Instruments**,"** accepted for publication in *Metrologia*.

Liu, H.K.; Ehara, K.; "Background Corrected Confidence Intervals

for Particle Contamination Levels**,"** *Proceedings of the13th*

*International Symposium on Contamination Control*, 478\--485, 1997.

Watters, R.L.; Beary, E.S.; Fassett, J.D.; Eberhardt, K.E.;

Isotope Dilution Using Inductively Coupled Plasama-Mass

Spectrometry (ICP-MS) as a Primary Method for the Determination

of Inorganic Elements**,"** *Metrologia*, 1997.

McClelland, J.; Gupta, R,; Levenson, M.; Vangel, M.; "Laser

Collimation of a Chromium Bean," *Physical Review A*, 1997.

Brown, E.B.; Iyer, H.K.; Wang, C.M.; "Tolerance Intervals for

Assessing Individual Bioequivalence," *Statistics in Medicine*, 16,

803\--820, 1997.

Wang, C.M.; Vecchia, D.F.; Young, M.; Brilliant, N.A.; "Robust

Regression Applied to Optical Fiber Dimensional Quality Control**,"**

*Technometrics*, 39 (1), 25\--33, 1997.

Rose, A.H.; Etzel, S.M.; Wang, C.M.; "Verdet Constant Dispersion

in Annealed Optical Fiber Current Sensors," *Journal of Lightwave*

*Technology*, 15 (5), 803\--807, 1997.

Rochford, K.B.; Rose, A.H.; Wang, C.M.; "NIST Study

Investigates Retardance Uncertainty, *Laser Focus World*, 223\--227, May
1997.

Wang, C.M.; Splett, J.D.; "Consensus Values and Reference Values
Illustrated by the Charpy Machine Certification Program," *Journal of
Testing and Evaluation*, 25 (3), 308\--314, 1997.

Wang, C.M.; Lam, C.T.; "A Mixed\--Effects Model for the Analysis of
Circular Measurements," *Technometrics*, 39 (2), 119\--126, 1997.

Williams, P.A.; Rose, A.H.; Wang, C.M.; "Rotating\--Polarizer
Polarimeter for Accurate Retardance Measurement," *Applied Optics*, 36,
(25), 6466\--6472, 1997.

Rochford, K.B.; Wang, C.M.; "Accurate Interferometric Retardance
Measurements," *Applied Optics*, 36, (25), 6473\--6479, 1997.

Rochford, K.B.; Rose, A.H.; Williams, P.A.; Wang, C.M.; Clarke, I.G.;
Hale,P.D.; and Day, G.W.; "Design and Performance of a Stable Linear
Retarder," *Applied Optics*, 36, (25), 6458\--6465, 1997.

Filliben, J.J.; Li, K-C; "A Systematic Approach to the Analysis of
Complex Interaction Patterns in Two-Level Factorial Designs,"
*Technometrics*, 1997.

Phillips, S.D.; Eberhardt, K.R.; "Discussion - Statistical Issues in
Geometric Feature Inspection using Coordinate Measuring Machines,"
*Technometrics*, 1997.

Zhang, N.F.; "Detection Capability of Residual Chart for Stationary
Process Data," *Journal of Applied Statistics*, 1997.

Zhang, N.F.; "Autocorrelation Analysis of Some Linear Transfer Function
Models and its Application in the Dynamic Process Systems," *Lectures in
Applied Mathematics*, 1997.

Britz, G.; Emerling, D.; Hare, L.; Hoerl, R.; Shade, J.; "How to Teach
Others to Apply Statistical Thinking," *Quality Progress*, 1997.

Scher; Dokianakis; Steppe; Banks, D.; and Sclabassi; "Computer
Classification of State in Healthy Preterm Neonates," *Sleep*, {\\bf
20}, 132-141, 1997.

Kuhn, R.D.; "Sources of Failure in the Public Switched Telephone

Network," *IEEE Computer*, Vol. 30, No. 4, April 1997.

Lozier, D.W.; Book Review: J.R. Davy and P.M. Dew, Abstract Machine
Models for Highly Parallel Computers, Mathematics of Computation 66,
p.918, April 1997.

Podio, F.L.; "Metadata for Interchange of Files Stored on Sequential
Storage Media Between File Storage Management Systems," *Mass Storage
Newsletter*, April 1997.

Wilson, C.L.; Watson, C.I.; Paek, E.G.; "Combined Optical and Neural
Network Fingerprint Matching," *Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on
Optical Pattern Recognition VIII*, Orlando, FL, April 1997.

Burns, T.J.; Davies, M.A.; "A Nonlinear Dynamics Model for Chip
Segmentation in Machining," *Physical Review Letters* 79: 44-7-450,
1997.

Kim, O.; Kabore, P.; Favreau, J.P.; Abdel-Wahab, H.; "Issues in
Platform-Independent Support for Multimedia Desktop Conferencing and
Application Sharing, "*Seventh* *IFIP (International Federation for
Information Processing) Conference on High Performance Networking \[HPN
\'97\]*, White Plains, NY, April 28-May 2, 1997.

Lyle, J.R.; Wallace, D.R.; "Using the Unravel Program Slicing Tool to
Evaluate High Integrity Software," *Proceedings of the Quality Week '97
Conference*, San Francisco, California, May 27-30, 1997.

Wallace, Dolores R.; Ippolito, Laura M.; Hecht, Herbert; "Error, Fault
and Failure Data Collection and Analysis," *Proceedings of the Quality
Week '97 Conference*, San Francisco, California, May 27-30, 1997.

Flahavin, E.; "Conference Report of the 19^th^ National Information
Systems Security Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, October 1996," *NIST
Journal of Research*, May/June 1997.

Moline, Judith; "First Annual Leveraging Cyberspace Conference," *NIST
Journal of Research*, May/June 1997.

Mills, Kevin L.; Hassan, G.; "Knowledge-Based Graphical Models for
Software Design," *Automated Software Engineering*.

Gockenbach, M.S.; Kearsley, A.J.; "Optimal Signal Sets for Non-Gaussian
Detectors," *SIAM Journal on Optimization.*

Kearsley, A.J.; Tapia, R.A.; Trosset, M.W.; "The Solution of the Metric
STRESS and SSTRESS Problems in Multidimensional Scaling Using Newton's
Method," *Computational Statistics*.

Mitchell, W.F.; "Dynamic Load Balancing with the Refinement-Tree
Partition for Adaptive Multilevel Methods," *Journal of Parallel and
Distributed Computing.*

Rukhin, A.L.; Vangel, M.G.; "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Common
Mean and Weighted Means Statistics," *Journal of the American
Statistical Association.*

Vangel, M.G.; Rukhin, A.L.; "Maximum-Likelihood Analysis for a Series of
Similar Experiments," *Biometrics*.

Vangel, M.G.; "Tolerance Intervals and Tolerance Regions," *Encyclopedia
of Biostatistics.*

Zhang, N.F.; Postek, M.T.; Larrabee, R.D.; Vladar, A.E.; Keery, W.J.;
Jones, S.N.; "A Statistical Measure for the Sharpness of the SEM
Images," *Proceedings of 1997 SPIE International Symposium on
Microlithography,* 1997.

Wheeler, A.; McFadden, G.; \"On the Notion of a xi-vector and a

Stress Tensor for a General Class of Anisotropic Diffuse Interface
Models,\" *Proceedings of the Royal Society of London* A 453: 1611-1630
(1997).

Beichl, I.; Sullivan, F.; "Computational Methods in Random Surface
Simulation," book chapter in *IMA Volumes in Mathematics* #103, Topology
and Geometry in Polymer Science Ed., S. Whittington, D. Summners, and T.
Lodge..

Veasey, D.; Gary, J.; Amin, J.; Aust, J.; \"Time-Dependent Modeling of
Erbium-Doped Waveguide Lasers in Lithium Niobate Pumped at 980 nm and
1480 nm,\" *IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 33*: 1647-1663 (1997).

McCabe, R.M.; "Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial,
and SMT Information (ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997)," ANSI Standard (addendum to
standard ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993).

Gockenbach, M.S.; Kearsley, A.J.; Symes, W.W.; "An Infeasible Point
Method for Minimizing the Lennard-Jones Potential," *Computational
Optimization and Applications*.

Mitchell, W.F.; "StopWatch: A Module for Portable Measurement of
Execution Time," *Fortran Journal 9, 1997.*

Garris, M.D.; Blue, J.L.; Candela, G.T.; Dimmick, D.L.; Geist, J.;
Grother, P.J.; Janet, S.A.; Omidvar, O.; Wilson, C.L.; \"Design of a
Hand-Print Recognition System,\" *Journal of Electronic Imaging 6*:
231-243 (1997).

Kuhn, D.R.; "Evolving Directions in Formal Methods," *Proceedings of
COMPASS '97 Conference,* June 1997.

Wallace, D.R.; "Perspectives on the Use of COTS Software," Medical
Device Software Conference, Proceedings of the 1996 HIMA Conference,
Health Industry Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, June 1997.

Hunt, F.; Galler, M.A.; Martin, J.W.; "Microstructure of Weathered Paint
and its Relation to Gloss Loss: Computer Simulation and Modeling,"
*Journal of Coatings Technology*.

Sekerka, R.F.; Coriell, S.R.; McFadden, G.B.; "The Effect of Container
Size on Dendritic Growth in Microgravity," *Journal of Crystal Growth*,
Vol. 171, pp. 303-306, 1997.

Larson, G.W.; Rushmeier, H.; Piatko, C.; "A Visibility Matching Tone
Reproduction Operator for High Dynamic Range Scenes," *Proceedings of
SIGGRAPH '97 Conference.*

Boisvert, R.F.; Pozo, R.; Remington, K.A.; "On the Exchange of Matrix
Data in ASCII Format," *SIAM Journal of Matrix Analysis Applications.*

Burns, T.J.; Davies, M.A.; Evans, C.J.; "A New Approach to Modeling Chip
Segmentation in Hard Turning," *Proceedings of the First French & German
Conference on High Speed Machining*, Metz, France, June 17-18, 1997.

Hunt, F.Y.; "Unique Ergodicity and the Approximation of Attractors and
their Invariant Measures Using Ulam's Method," *Nonlinearity* published
by the Institute of Physics.

Steinauer, D.D.; Radack, S.M.; Katzke, S.W.; "U.S. Government Activities
to Protect the Information Infrastructure," *Proceedings of the 5^th^
German IT Security of the Bundesamt Conference on "Security for the
Information Society."*

Sullivan, J.M.; "SQL Test Suite Goes Online," *IEEE Computer*, June
1997.

Saunders, B.V.; "The Application of Numerical Grid Generation to
Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics," *Proceedings of the Third
Conference for African-American Researchers in the Mathematical
Sciences*, Morgan State University, June 18-20, 1997.

Zhang, Nien Fan; "A Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average
Control Chart for Stationary Process Data," *Journal of Quality
Technology.*

Boisvert, R.F.; Miller, B.; "Enhancing Interactivity of Software and
Data Repositories with Java," *Proceedings of the 15^th^ IMACS World
Congress on Scientific Computing, Modeling and Simulation*, Int. Assoc.
for Math. And Computers in Simulation (IMACS).

Burns, T.J.; Davis, R.W.; Moore, E.F.; "A Perturbation Study of Particle
Dynamics in a Plane Wake Flow," *Journal of Fluid Mechanics.*

Burns, T.J.; Davis, R.W.; Moore, E.F.; "Dynamical Systems Approach to
Particle Transport Modeling in Dilute Gas-Particle Flows with
Application to a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor," *Aerosol Science
and Technology*, 26:193-211, 1997.

Eberhardt, K.R.; Levenson, M.S.; Gann, R.G.; "Fabrics for Testing the
Ignition Propensity of Cigarettes," *Fire and Materials*.

Gornakov, V.S.; Nikitenko, V.I.; Bennett, L.H.; Brown, H.J.; Donahue,
M.J.; Egelhoff, W.F.; McMichael, R.D.; Shapiro, A.J.;

\"Experimental Study of Magnetization Reversal Processes in

Nonsymmetric Spin Valve,\" *Journal of Applied Physics*, 81: 5215-

5217 (1997).

Garofolo, John S.; Fiscus, Jonathan G.; Fisher, William M.; "Design and
Preparation of the 1996 HUB-4 Broadcast News Benchmark Test Corpora,"
*Proceedings of the 1997 DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop.*

Hare, L.B.; Book Review: "Statistics for Management" \[by Mandel, B.J.;
Laessig, R.E.;\], *American Statistician*, August 1997.

Pallett, David S.; Fiscus, Jonathan G.; Przybocki, Mark A.; "1996
Preliminary Broadcast News Benchmark Tests," *Proceedings of the 1997
DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop.*

Snelick, R.D.; "S-Check: A Tool for Tuning Parallel Programs,"
*Proceedings of the 11^th^ International Parallel Processing Symposium*.

Voorhees, Ellen; Garofolo, John; Jones, Karen S.; "The TREC-6 Spoken
Document Retrieval Track," *Proceedings of the 1997 DARPA Speech
Recognition Workshop.*

Carasso, A.S.; "Linear and Nonlinear Image Deblurring: A Documented
Study," *SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis*.

Cugini, J.V.; Laskowski, S.J.; Piatko, C.D.; "Document Clustering in
Concept Space: The NIST Information Retrieval Visualization Engine
(NIRVE)," *Proceedings of 1997 CODATA Euro-American Workshop
Visualization of Information and Data*, June 1997.

Rust, B.W.; Rushmeier, H.E.; "A New Representation of the Contrast
Sensitivity Function for Human Vision," *Proceedings of the
International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology
(CISST '97)*, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 30-July 2, 1997.

Youssef, Abdou; "Selection of Good Biorthogonal Wavelets for Data
Compression," *Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging
Science, Systems, and Technology (CISST '97)*, Las Vegas, Nevada, June
30-July 2, 1997.

Courson, M.M.; Indovina, M.D.; Snelick, R.D.; Kearsley, A.J.; "Tuning
Parallel and Networked Programs with S-Check," *Proceedings of the
International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Techniques and Applications (PDPTS '97),* Vol. I, pp. 21-30, Las Vegas,
Nevada, June 30-July 3, 1997.

Tang, H.C.; "Parallelizing a Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta Method,"
*Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed
Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTS '97),* Vol. II, pp.
806-810, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 30-July 3, 1997.

Wilson, C.L.; Blue, J., Omidvar, O.; "Neurodynamics of Learning and Its
Effect on Network Performance," *Journal of Electronic Imaging* 6(3),
pp. 379-385, July 1997.

Lowney, J.; Rust, B.; "Correcting for the Effect of Electron Beam

Broadening in Critical Dimension Metrology," *Scanning Electron*

*Microscopy, Scanning*, Vol. 19, No. 3 pp. 222-223, (1997).

Fong, Elizabeth; Rhodes, Thomas; "Metadata for Multimedia Objects in the
Learning Domain," *Proceedings of Joint Workshop on Metadata
Registries*, July 8-11, 1997.

Newton, Judith J.; "Registration of Metadata Using a Two-Level Domain
Definition Procedure," *Proceedings of Joint Workshop on Metadata
Registries*, July 8-11, 1997.

Hoffman, D.M.; Downey, L.L.; "Lessons Learned in an Information
Usability Study," *Proceedings of the 20^th^ International ACM SIGIR
Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval*,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 27-31, 1997.

McKnight, M.E.; Martin, J.W.; Galler, M.; Hunt, F.Y.; Lipman, R.R.;
Vorburger, T.W.; Thompson, A.; "Conference Report on the Workshop on
Advanced Methods and Models for appearance of Coatings and Coated
Objects," *NIST Journal of Research*, July/August 1997.

Paek, E.G.; Choe, J.Y.; Oh, T.K.; Hong, J.H.; Chang, T.Y.;
"Non-Mechanical Image Rotation Using an AODP (Acousto-Optic Dove
Prism)," *Optics Letters*, August 1, 1997.

Laskowski, S.J.; Grinstein, G.; "Requirements for Benchmarking the
Integration of Visualization and Data Mining," *Proceedings of the
Workshop on Issues in the Integration of Data Mining and Data
Visualization*, August 17, 1997.

Podio, F.; Vollrath, W.; Kobler, B.; "Media Error Monitoring and
Reporting Information (MEMRI) - Metadata for Intelligent Digital Data
Storage Devices," *Proceedings of the Second IEEE Metadata Conference*,
September 1997.

Cypher, D.; Wakid, S.; "Error Characteristics of CDMA and Impact on
Voice, E-mail, and Web Pages," *Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE
International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
Communications*, Helsinki, Finland, September 1-4, 1997.

Williams, J.; Kobler, B.; Podio, F.; "An Emerging Standard for
File-Level Metadata," *Proceedings of the IEEE Metadata Conference*,
Silver Spring, Maryland, Sept. 16-17, 1997.

Newton, J.; Fong, E.; Rhodes, T.; "A Taxonomy for Retrieval of Standards
Information on the World Wide Web," *Proceedings of the Second IEEE
Metadata Conference*, IEEE Computer Society, September 1997.

Ressler, S.; Trefzger, W.; "Development of the NIST Virtual Library,"
*IEEE Internet Computing*, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 35-41, September/October
1997.

Hagwood, R.C.; Sivathanu, Y.; Mulholland, G.; "The Transfer Function
with Brownian Motion: A Trajectory Approach," *Journal of Aerosol
Science and Technology.*

Langer, S.A.; Liu, A.J.; "Effect of Random Packing on Stress Relaxation
in Foam," *Journal of Physical Chemistry*.

Mitchell, W.F.; "A Parallel Multigrid Method Using the Full Domain
Partition," *Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis* \[and WWW\].

Smid, M.E.; Roback, E.A.; Lennon, E.B.; "Proposal for an Advanced
Encryption Standard," *Open Systems Standards Tracking Report* \[DEC
Newsletter\].

Boisvert, R.F.; Browne, S.V.; Dongarra, J.J.; Grosse, E.; Miller, B.;
"Interactive User Interfaces for Software Repositories," *Proceedings of
the Sixth International ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge
Management*.

Fisher, G.E.; "Test Assertions For Year 2000 Compliance," Open Group
*Standards Tracking Report*.

Kacker, R.; Zhang, N.F.; "Process Control for Common Conditions,"
*Proceedings of the 51^st^ Session of the Intl. Statistical Institute*.

Downey, L.L.; Laskowski, S.J.; Buie, E.A.; Hefley, W.E.; "1997 Symposium
Report, Usability Engineering 2: Measurement and Methods," *SIGCHI
Bulletin*, October 1997.

Lee, David; Su, David; "Modeling and Testing of Protocol Systems,"
*Proceedings of the 10^th^ International Workshop on Testing of
Communicating Systems*.

Maish, F.M.; "Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS),"
*Encyclopedia of Scientific Instrumentation*, 1997 edition.

Fordham, B.; Abiteboul, S.; Yesha, Y.; "Evolving Databases: An
Application to Electronic Commerce," *Proceedings of IEEE 1997
International Symposium on Database Engineering and Applications*.

Harman, D.K.; "The SMART Lab Report -- The Early Cornell Years," *SIGIR
Forum*, 1997.

Ressler, S.P.; "Markup Languages," *Encyclopedia of Computer Science*,
Fourth Edition.

Rosenthal, Lynne S.; "Test Suite Checks Your Browser's Vision,"
*Government Computer News*.

Wakid, Shukri A.; Radack, Shirley M.; "Introduction to Special Issue of
*StandardView* on Tests and Measurements for Information Technology,"
*StandardView, ACM Perspectives on Standardization*, Vol. 5, No. 3,
September 1997.

Pallett, David S.; Baker, Janet M.; "Tests and Measurements Contribute
to the Development of Automatic Speech Recognition Technology,"
*StandardView, ACM Perspectives on Standardization*, Vol. 5, No. 3,
September 1997.

Rosenthal, Lynne S.; Skall, Mark W.; Brady, Mary C.; Kass, Michael J.;
Montanez-Rivera, Carmelo; "Web-Based Conformance Testing for VRML,"
*StandardView*, *ACM Perspectives on Standardization,* Vol. 5, No. 3,
September 1997.

Steinauer, D.; Wakid, S.; Rasberry, S.; "Trust and Traceability in
Electronic Commerce," *StandardView, ACM Perspectives on
Standardization*, Vol. 5, No. 3, September 1997.

McCrary, V.R.; "Manufacturing Infrastructure for Optoelectronics,"
*Proceedings of the 25^th^ SOTAPOCS (State-of-the-Art Program on
Compound Semiconductors) Electrochemical Society*, Fall 1997.

Kia, O.E.; Doermann, D.S.; "Residual Coding in Document Image
Compression," *IEEE Transactions on Image Processing*.

Voorhees, E.M.; Tong, R.M.; "Multiple Search Engines in Database
Merging," *Proceedings of ACM Digital Libraries '97*.

Wang, C.M.; Hamilton, C.A.; "The Fourth Interlaboratory Comparison of 10
V Josephson Voltage Standards," *Metrologia*.

Harman, D.K.; "Information Retrieval," *Encyclopedia of Computer
Science*, Fourth Edition.

Scholtz, J.C.; Downey, L.L.; "WEB Usability: The Search for a
Yardstick," *Proceedings of 3^rd^ Conference on Human Factors and the
WEB*.

Scholtz, J.C.; Position Paper for UPA Workshop, "Remote Usability
Testing over the Internet: Tools and Techniques," *Proceedings of
Usability Professional's Association Workshop*.

Paek, E.G.; Choe, J.Y.; Oh, T.K.; "Narrow-Bandwidth Grating-Assisted
Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter," *Applied Physics Letters*.

Beichl, I.; Sullivan, F.; "Monte Carlo Time After Time," *IEEE
Computational Science and Engineering*, vol. 4, pp. 91-95, 1997.

Mitchell, William F.; "The Full Domain Partition Approach to Parallel
Adaptive Refinement," *Grid Generation and Adaptive Algorithms, IMA
Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications*, Springer-Verlag.

Zhang, N.F.; "Combining Process Capability Indices," *Journal of Quality
Technology*.

Kia, O.E.; Doermann, D.S.; "OCR-Based Rate-Distortion Analysis of
Residual Coding," *Proceedings of the International Conference on Image
Processing*, Santa Barbara, California, October 1997.

Weinstock, Charles B.; Wallace, Dolores R.; "Reducing Search Frustration
on the World Wide Web," submitted to *Byte Magazine*, October 1997.

Zelkowitz, Marvin V.; Wallace, Dolores R.; "Collecting Industrial
Experimental Data," *1997 IEEE Workshop on Empirical Studies of Software
Maintenance (WESS '97)*, Bari, Italy, October 3, 1997.

Favreau, J.P., "NIST\'s Role in Electronic Commerce: An Overview of
Technology Challenges," *Intergovernmental Solutions Newsletter,
Electronic Commerce Edition: Issue 2*, October 1997.

Frankel, S.; "Security Tools - A "Try Before You Buy" Web-Based
Approach," *Proceedings of the 20th National Information Systems
Security Conference*, Baltimore, Maryland, October 7-10, 1997.

Barkley, John F.; Cincotta, Anthony V.; Ferraiolo, David; Gavrila,
Serban; Kuhn, D. Richard; "Role Based Access Control for the World Wide
Web," *Proceedings of the 20th National Information Systems Security
Conference*, Baltimore, Maryland, October 7-10, 1997.

Wakid, Shukri A.; Radack, Shirley M.; "Emerging Trends in Information
Technology," Conference Proceedings, Video Electronics Standards
Association, San Jose, California, October 1997.

Horst, J.A.; Beichl, I.; \"A Simple Algorithm for Efficient Piecewise
Linear Approximation of Space Curves\", *Proceedings IEEE*

*International Conference on Image Processing 97 (ICIP97),* October

1997\.

Abdel-Wahab, H.; Kvande, B.; Kim, O.; Favreau, J.P.; "An Internet
Collaborative Environment for Sharing Java Applications," Proceedings of
the 5^th^ IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing
Systems (FTDCS '97), Tunis, Tunisia, October 29-31, 1997.

Cypher, David; Wakid, Shukri; "Nomadic Computing and CDMA," *Proceedings
of the 6th IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Future Trends of
Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS'97)*, Tunis, Tunisia, October
29-31, 1997.

Goldfine, A.H.; Fisher, G.E.; Rosenthal, L.S.; "Experience Report:
Comparing an Automated Conformance Test Development Approach with a
Traditional Development Approach," *Proceedings of 4^th^ International
Symposium on Software Metrics*, Albuquerque, New Mexico, November 5-7,
1997.

Barkley, J.F.; "Comparing Simple Role Based Access Control Models and
Access Control Lists," *Proceedings of Second ACM Workshop on Role Based
Access Control,* November 6-7, 1997.

Ferraiolo, D.; Barkley, J.; "Specifying and Managing Role Based Access
Control within a Corporate Intranet," *Proceedings of Second ACM
Workshop on Role Based Access Control,* November 6-7, 1997*.*

Ferraiolo, D.; Kuhn, D. Richard; "Future Directions in Role Based Access
Control," *Proceedings of Second ACM Workshop on Role Based Access
Control,* November 6-7, 1997*.*

Kuhn, D. Richard; "Mutual Exclusion of Roles as a Means of Implementing
Separation of Duty in Role Based Access Control," *Proceedings of Second
ACM Workshop on Role Based Access Control,* November 6-7, 1997*.*

Ressler, S.P.; Wang, Q.; "Integrating Factory Floor and Human
Simulations in a Portable Web-Based Environment," *Proceedings of Human
Factors and Ergonomics Society* European Chapter 1997, Bochum, Germany,
November 6-8, 1997.

Zelkowitz, M.Z.; Wallace, D.R.; "Experimental Validation in Software
Engineering," Empirical Assessment and Evaluation in Software
Engineering Conference, Keele University, England, March 24-26, 1997.
Published in Information and Software Technology, Elsevier Sciences, The
Netherlands, November 1997.

Golmie, N.; Corner, M.; Liebeherr, J.; Su, D.; "Improving Effectiveness
of ATM Traffic over Hybrid Fiber-coax Networks," *Proceedings of
Globecom 97*, Phoenix, AZ, November 1997.

Nikitenko, V.I.; Dedukh, L.M.; Gornakov, V.S.; Kabanov, Y.P.; Bennett,
L.H.; Donahue, M.J.; Swartzendruber, L.J.; Shapiro, A.J.; Brown, H.J.;
\"Spin Reorientation Transitions and Domain Structure in Magnetic
Multilayers,\" *IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 33*: 3661-3663 (1997).

Fujii, Roger; Wallace, Dolores; "Software Verification and Validation,"
*Software Engineering*, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1997.

Moline, Judith; "Virtual Reality for Health Care: A Survey," *Virtual
Reality in Neuro-Psycho-Physiology*, edited by G. Riva, pp. 3-34, IOS
Press, The Netherlands, December 1997.

Banks, D.L.; Olszewski, R.T.; "Estimating Local Dimensionality,"
*Proceedings of the American Statistical Association,* Section on
Computational *Statistics,* 1997*.*

Fiscus, Jonathan G.; "A Post-Processing System to Yield Reduced Word
Error Rates: Recognizer Output Voting Error Reduction (ROVER),"
*Proceedings of 1997 IEEE Workshop on Speech Recognition and
Understanding*.

Braun, R.J.; Cahn, J.W.; McFadden, G.B.; Wheeler, A.A.; "Anisotropy of
Interfaces in an Ordered Alloy: A Multiple-Order-Parameter Model,"
*Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London* A
355:1787-1833, 1997.

Carasso, A.S.; "Error Bounds in Nonsmooth Image Deblurring," *SIAM
Journal on Mathematical Analysis* 28: 656-668, 1997*.*

Hecht, H.; Hecht, Myron; Wallace, D.; "Toward More Effective Testing for
High Assurance Systems," published on WWW.

Kia, Omid E.; Sauvola, Jaakko J.; "Techniques for Document and Media
Processing in Distributed Environment," *Computer Vision and Image
Understanding,* Special Issue *Network Centric*.

Simon, M.J.; Lagergren, E.S.; and Snyder, K.A.; "Concrete Mixture
Optimization Using Statistical Mixture Design Methods," *Proceedings of
the PCI/FHWA International Symposium on High- Performance Concrete*.

Anderson, D.M.; McFadden, G.B.; Wheeler, A.A.; "Diffuse-Interface
Methods in Fluid Mechanics," *Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics*, 1998.

Boisvert, R.F.; "Program Libraries, Numerical and Statistical,"
*Encyclopedia of Computer Science*, 4^th^ Edition, 1998.

Garris, M.D.; "Intelligent System for Reading Handwriting on Forms,"
*Engineering Complex Computer Systems* - Minitrack in the *Emerging
Technologies Track of the 31^st^ Hawaii Int'l. Conference on System
Sciences.*

Hagwood, Charles; "A Probabilistic Approach to Exit from a Potential
Well," *Annals of Applied Probability.*

Paek, E.G.; Choe, J.Y.; Oh, T.K.; "High Resolution Grating-Assisted
Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter," *Proceedings of Optical Fiber
Communications OFC-98,* Optical Society of America.

Ressler, S.P.; Wang, Q.; "Making VRML Accessible for People with
Disabilities," *Proceedings of VRML98 Third Symposium on the Virtual
Reality Modeling Language.*

Black, P.E.; Windley, P.J.; "Formal Verification of Secure Programs in
the Presence of Side Effects," *Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii
International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31)*, IEEE Computer
Science Press, January 1998.

Downey, L.L.; Scholtz, J.C.; "On the Fast Track: New Usability Testing
Methods for Web Sites," *Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI
'98) Conference.*

Donahue, M.J.; "A Variational Approach to Exchange Energy Calculations
in Micromagnetics," *Journal of Applied Physics.*

Liggett, W.; Fletcher, R.; "Data Mining Electron Microscope Images to
Estimate a Particle Size Distribution," *Technometrics*.

Porter, D.G.; "Analytical Determination of the LLG Zero-Damping Critical
Switching Field," *IEEE Transactions of Magnetics.*

Paek, E.G.; Wilson, C.L.; Roberts, J.W.; Watson, C.I.; "High Speed
Temporal Characterization and Visualization of Spatial Light Modulators
and Flat Panel Displays," *Optics Letters*.

Scholtz, J.C.; "Graphical User Interfaces," *Encyclopedia of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering*, published by John Wiley; Editor, John C.
Webster.

Coakley, K.J.; "Statistical Planning for a Neutron Lifetime Using
Magnetically Trapped Neutrons," *Nuclear Instruments and Methods in
Physics Research A.*

Blue, J.L.; "Kinetic Simulations of Crystal Growth with (Nearly)
Realistic Physics," *Physical Review B.*

Gallagher, K.B.; Wallace, D.R.; Boland, F.T.; Binkley, D.W.; Lyle, J.R.;
"The Surgeon's Assistant," *Journal of Software Maintenance* (Wiley).

Golmie, Nada; Saintillan, Yves; Su, David H.; "*ABR Switch Mechanisms:
Design Issues and Performance Evaluation*," special issue on ATM network
flow control, Computer Networks and ISDN Journal, 1998.

Golmie, Nada; Corner, M.; Liebeherr, J.; Su, David H.; "A Priority
Scheme for the IEEE 802.14 MAC Protocol for HFC Networks," *Proceedings
of INFOCOM '98*.

Golmie, N.; Masson, S.; Pieris, G.; Su, D.; "A MAC Protocol for HFC
Networks: Design Issues and Performance Evaluation," accepted to appear
in *Computer Communications* in 1998.

Paek, E.G.; Choe, J.Y.; Oh, T.K.; "Acoustically Steered and Rotated
(ASTRO) Optoelectronic 2-D True Time Delay Generation," *Proceedings of
SPIE, Photonics West '98, Optoelectronics,* San Jose, California,
January 24-30, 1998.

Zelkowitz, M.V.; Wallace, D.R.; "Validating the Benefit of New Software
Technology," *Software Quality Professional*, American Society for
Quality, April 1998.

Zelkowitz, M.V.; Wallace, D.; "Experimental Validation in Computer
Science," *COMPUTER*, May 1998.

Beichl, I.; Sullivan, F.; "Make Me a Match," *IEEE Computational Science
& Engineering.*

Boisvert, R.F.; Dongarra, J.J.; Pozo, R.; Remington, K.; "Developing
Numerical Libraries in Java," *Concurrency, Practice and Experience.*

Goujon, D.S.; Michel, M.; Peeters, J.; Devaney, J.E.; "AutoMap and
AutoLink: Tools for Communicating Complex and Dynamic Data Structures
Using MPI," Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

Hagstrom, T.; Alpert, B.K.; Greengard, L.F.; Hariharan, S.I.; "Accurate
Boundary Treatments for Maxwell's Equations and Their Computational
Complexity," *ACES Proceedings*.

Bondarenko, A.; Kearsley, A.; Rothschild, B.; Sharov, A.; \"Data

Assimilation for estimation of Plankton Mass from Satellite

Data,\" accepted by Journal of Plankton Research.

Braun, R.; Cahn, J.; McFadden, G.; Rushmeier, H.; Wheeler, A.;

\"Theory of Anisotropic Growth Rates in the Ordering of an fcc

Alloy,\" accepted by Acta Materialia.

Mitchell, W.F.; "The Full Domain Partition Approach to

Distributing Adaptive Grids," to appear in *Applied Numerical
Mathematics*.

**CONFERENCES, WORKSHOPS, LECTURES, AND TRAINING COURSES**

In 1997, our organization sponsored, co-sponsored, and conducted many
conferences, workshops, lectures, and training seminars, including the
following:

**Annual conferences and ongoing workshops**

20^th^ National Information Systems Security Conference

COMPASS '97, 12^th^ Annual Conference on Computer Assurance

FedCIRC Annual Conference

Fifth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-5)

North American ISDN Users\' Forum (NIUF)

Tenth Annual Federal Information Systems Security Educators Association
(FISSEA) Conference

Usability Engineering 2: Measurement and Methods (UE2)

Workshop on Improving Product and Process Quality Using Experiment
Design

**Specialized conferences and workshops**

Advanced Mass Measurements Workshop

Conference on Leveraging Cyberspace

Display Forum '97 Workshop

International Symposium on the Year 2000: Mastering the Millennium
Rollover

Interoperable Message Passing Interface (IMPI) Workshop

Invitational Workshop on Digital Library of Mathematical Functions

Public Forum on Certificate Authorities and Digital Signatures:
Enhancing Global Electronic Commerce

Prototype Conferencing Products Interoperability Events

Software Standards and Conformance Testing: An Update

Statistical Methods for Certification of Reference Materials

Systems Anthropometry Workshop

Uncertainty Calculations in Chemical Measurements

Workshop on Developing the Advanced Encryption Standard

Workshop on Protection Profile for Network Firewall Devices

Workshop on Role Based Access Control

**Seminars and Lectures**

Federal Computer Incident Response Capability (FedCIRC) Seminar for
Federal Agencies

FedCIRC Seminar Series

High Integrity Systems Lecture Series

High Performance Systems and Services Division Lecture Series

Joint Seminar of the Computer Security and Statistical Engineering
Divisions: Patterns in Words

Joint Seminar of the Statistical Engineering Division and the Software
Diagnostic and Conformance Testing Division: Improved Engineering of the
Software Manufacturing Process

Incident Handling Workshop

Lecture on Manufacturing Infrastructure for Optoelectronics

Lecture on Virtual Humans for Animation, Ergonomics, and Simulation

Lecture Series on Matrix Algorithms

Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division (MCSD) Colloquia

Session on Scientific Software, IMACS 97

Seminar Series on the Future of Information Technology

Statistical Engineering Division Seminars

Strategic and Technical Directions from the Visionary Leaders of the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Supporting Interactive Information Retrieval through Relevance Feedback:
A Study of End-Users

**Training courses and tutorials**

Analysis of Variance

Basics of Synchronize Training

Computer Security, Management Update

Design of Experiments

Distributed Computing & Information Services, Management Update

Eudora Training

Exploratory Data Analysis, Statistics for Scientists and Engineers

Intermediate Synchronize Training

Introduction to AVS5, AVS/EXPRESS, and IBM Data Explorer

Introduction to PV-WAVE

Introduction to Virtual Instrumentation Using LabVIEW

LabVIEW Users' Group

MS Word for Windows Equation Editor

Overview of Microsoft Word

Practical Intrusion Detection Workshop

Regression Models

Spectral Methods for Data Analysis

Statistical Automation for Parallel Code and Improvement

Time Series Analysis

**ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES**

For information on ITL electronic products, services, and resources,
access the WWW at:

http://www.itl.nist.gov

**Advanced Network Technologies** - includes Cerberus, a leading edge
prototype and reference implementation of emerging network layer
Internet security; the Integrated Services Protocol Instrument (ISPI),
an interactive, integrated tool for measuring the performance of quality
of service (QoS) sensitive data streams while conducting experiments
with emerging Internet resource reservation protocols and real-time
network services; IPsec WIT, an interoperability test system built
around the Cerberus IPsec prototype and commonly available WWW
technology; and NIST Net**,** a general-purpose tool for emulating
performance dynamics in IP networks.

http://www.antd.nist.gov

**ATM/HFC Simulator** - a means for researchers and network planners to
analyze the behavior of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Hybrid
Fiber Coax (HFC) networks without the expense of building a real
network:

http://www.hsnt.nist.gov/misc/hsnt/prj_atm-sim.html

**Computer Security Resource Clearinghouse -** information on computer
security awareness and training, publications, conferences, software
tools, security alerts, and prevention measures, as well as the
Cryptographic Module Validation Program:

http://csrc.nist.gov

**Directory of Conformance Testing Programs, Products, and Services** -
sources for measuring software for conformance to IT standards:

http://www.nist.gov/ctdirectory.html

**Guide to Available Mathematical Software (GAMS)** - a cross-index and
virtual repository of mathematical and statistical software components
of use in computational science and engineering:

http://gams.nist.gov/

**High Integrity Systems and Software Assurance** - methods and tools
for assuring dependability in software:

http://hissa.ncsl.nist.gov

**Matrix Market** - a visual repository of test data for use in
comparative studies of algorithms for numerical linear algebra,
featuring nearly 500 sparse matrices for a variety of applications, as
well as matrix generation tools and services:

http://math.nist.gov/MatrixMarket/

**MultiKron** - a series of very large scale integration (VLSI)
instrumentation chips and interface boards which measure the performance
of parallel processors and workstations on high-speed networks:

http://cmr.ncsl.nist.gov/multikron/multikron.html

**North American Integrated Services Digital Network** **(ISDN) Users\'
Forum (NIUF)** - approved documentation, working group charters, ISDN
applications, meeting highlights, and future meeting announcements:

http://www.niuf.nist.gov/misc/niuf.html

# 

**Open Virtual Reality Testbed -** software and information for virtual
reality and the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML):

http://ovrt.nist.gov

**Role Based Access Control -** an implementation of the NIST RBAC model
for the WWW running on Unix Web servers**:**

http://hissa.ncsl.nist.gov/RBACdist/

A tool for viewing and establishing access control lists for Windows NT:

http://hissa.ncsl.nist.gov/RBACdistNT/

**S-Check** - NIST's novel tool for assaying and improving performances
of parallel and networked programs:

http://cmr.ncsl.nist.gov/scheck/scheck.html

**Statistical Reference Datasets (StRD)** - a Web-based service that
provides reference datasets with certified computational results for
several statistical areas:

http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/strd/

**STANDARD REFERENCE DATABASES**

**NIST Special Databases**

To order NIST Special Databases or NIST Special Software, write or call
NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Building 820, Room 113,
Gaithersburg, MD 20899, telephone (301) 975-2208; fax (301) 926-0416;
email SRDATA@enh.nist.gov

Special Database 2

NIST Structured Forms Reference Set of Binary Images (SFRS) \$150

Special Database 4

NIST 8-Bit Gray Scale Images of Fingerprint Image Groups \$150

Special Database 6

NIST Structured Forms Reference Set of Binary Images II \$150

Special Database 8

NIST Machine-Print Database of Gray Scale and Binary Images \$270

Special Database 9

NIST Mated Fingerprint Card Pairs (vols. 1-5) \$270 each

Special Database 10

Supplemental Fingerprint Card Data for NIST Special Database 9 \$270

Special Database 11

NIST Census Miniform Training Database 1: Binary Images

from Microfilm \$150

Special Database 12

NIST Census Miniform Training Database 2: Binary Images

from Paper and Microfilm \$150

Special Database 13

NIST Census Miniform Test Database: Binary Images from

Paper and Microfilm \$150

Special Database 14

NIST Mated Fingerprint Card Pairs 2 \$270

Special Database 18

NIST Mugshot Identification Database \$270

Special Database 19

NIST Handprinted Forms and Characters Database \$150

Special Database 20

NIST Scientific and Technical Document Database \$330

Special Software 1

NIST Scoring Package Release 1.0 \$150

For more information, contact:

Information Technology Laboratory

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Building 225, Room B261

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001

Telephone: (301) 975-2900

Facsimile: (301) 840-1357

Email: itlab@nist.gov

Elizabeth B. Lennon, Writer/Editor

Susan Permut, Design Consultant

Kathie Koenig Simon, Photographer

Don Price, Production

Warren F. Overman, Printing Coordinator

NOTE: Reference to specific commercial products or brands is for
information purposes only; no endorsement or recommendation by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, explicit or implicit, is
intended or implied.

January 1998