# PART I -- GENERAL PROVISIONS

### SECTION 10 DEFINITION OF TERMS

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Whenever the following terms are used in these specifications, in the
contract, or in any documents or other instruments pertaining to
construction where these specifications govern, the intent and meaning
shall be interpreted as follows:

**10-01 AASHTO**.  The American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials, the successor association to AASHO.

**10-02 ACCESS ROAD**.  The right-of-way, the roadway and all
improvements constructed thereon connecting the airport to a public
highway.

**10-03 ADVERTISEMENT**.  A public announcement, as required by local
law, inviting bids for work to be performed and materials to be
furnished.

**10-04 AIP**.  The Airport Improvement Program, a grant-in-aid program,
administered by the Federal Aviation Administration.

**10-05 AIR OPERATIONS AREA**.  For the purpose of these specifications,
the term air operations area shall mean any area of the airport used or
intended to be used for the landing, takeoff, or surface maneuvering of
aircraft.  An air operation area shall include such paved or unpaved
areas that are used or intended to be used for the unobstructed movement
of aircraft in addition to its associated runway, taxiway, or apron.

**10-06 AIRPORT**.  Airport means an area of land or water which is used
or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft; an
appurtenant area used or intended to be used for airport buildings or
other airport facilities or rights of way; and airport buildings and
facilities located in any of these areas, and includes a heliport.

**10-07 ASTM**.  The American Society for Testing and Materials.

**10-08 AWARD**.  The acceptance, by the Owner, of the successful
bidder\'s proposal.

**10-09 BIDDER**.  Any individual, partnership, firm, or corporation,
acting directly or through a duly authorized representative, who submits
a proposal for the work contemplated.

**10-10 BUILDING AREA**.  An area on the airport to be used, considered,
or intended to be used for airport buildings or other airport facilities
or rights-of-way together with all airport buildings and facilities
located thereon.

**10-11 CALENDAR DAY**.  Every day shown on the calendar.

**10-12 CHANGE ORDER**.  A written order to the Contractor covering
changes in the plans, specifications, or proposal quantities and
establishing the basis of payment and contract time adjustment, if any,
for the work affected by such changes.  The work, covered by a change
order, shall be within the scope of the contract.

**10-13 CONTRACT**.  The written agreement covering the work to be
performed.  The awarded contract shall include, but is not limited to: 
The Advertisement; The Contract Form; The Proposal; The Performance
Bond; The Payment Bond; any required insurance certificates; The
Specifications; The Plans, and any addenda issued to bidders.

**10-14 CONTRACT ITEM (PAY ITEM)**.  A specific unit of work for which a
price is provided in the contract.

**10-15 CONTRACT TIME**.  The number of calendar days or working days,
stated in the proposal, allowed for completion of the contract,
including authorized time extensions.  If a calendar date of completion
is stated in the proposal, in lieu of a number of calendar or working
days, the contract shall be completed by that date.

**10-16 CONTRACTOR**.  The individual, partnership, firm, or corporation
primarily liable for the acceptable performance of the work contracted
and for the payment of all legal debts pertaining to the work who acts
directly or through lawful agents or employees to complete the contract
work.

**10-17 DRAINAGE SYSTEM**.  The system of pipes, ditches, and structures
by which surface or subsurface waters are collected and conducted from
the airport area.

**10-18 ENGINEER**.  The individual, partnership, firm, or corporation
duly authorized by the Owner to be responsible for engineering
inspection of the contract work and acting directly or through an
authorized representative.

**10-19 EQUIPMENT**.  All machinery, together with the necessary
supplies for upkeep and maintenance, and also all tools and apparatus
necessary for the proper construction and acceptable completion of the
work.

**10-20 EXTRA WORK**.  An item of work not provided for in the awarded
contract as previously modified by change order or supplemental
agreement, but which is found by the Engineer to be necessary to
complete the work within the intended scope of the contract as
previously modified.

**10-21 FAA**.  The Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S.
Department of Transportation.  When used to designate a person, FAA
shall mean the Administrator or his/her duly authorized representative.

**10-22 FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS**.  The Federal Specifications and
Standards, Commercial Item Descriptions, and supplements, amendments,
and indices thereto are prepared and issued by the General Services
Administration of the Federal Government.

**10-23 FORCE ACCOUNT.** Force account construction work is construction
that is accomplished through the use of material, equipment, labor, and
supervision provided by the Owner or by another public agency pursuant
to an agreement with the Owner.

**10-24 INSPECTOR**.  An authorized representative of the Engineer
assigned to make all necessary inspections and/or tests of the work
performed or being performed, or of the materials furnished or being
furnished by the Contractor.

**10-25 INTENTION OF TERMS**.  Whenever, in these specifications or on
the plans, the words \`\`directed,\'\' \`\`required,\'\'
\`\`permitted,\'\' \`\`ordered,\'\' \`\`designated,\'\'
\`\`prescribed,\'\' or words of like import are used, it shall be
understood that the direction, requirement, permission, order,
designation, or prescription of the Engineer is intended; and similarly,
the words \`\`approved,\'\' \`\`acceptable,\'\' \`\`satisfactory,\'\' or
words of like import, shall mean approved by, or acceptable to, or
satisfactory to the Engineer, subject in each case to the final
determination of the Owner.

Any reference to a specific requirement of a numbered paragraph of the
contract specifications or a cited standard shall be interpreted to
include all general requirements of the entire section, specification
item, or cited standard that may be pertinent to such specific
reference.

**10-26 LABORATORY**.  The official testing laboratories of the Owner or
such other laboratories as may be designated by the Engineer.

**10-27 LIGHTING**.  A system of fixtures providing or controlling the
light sources used on or near the airport or within the airport
buildings.  The field lighting includes all luminous signals, markers,
floodlights, and illuminating devices used on or near the airport or to
aid in the operation of aircraft landing at, taking off from, or taxiing
on the airport surface.

**10-28 MAJOR AND MINOR CONTRACT ITEMS**.  A major contract item shall
be any item that is listed in the proposal, the total cost of which is
equal to or greater than 20 percent of the total amount of the award
contract.  All other items shall be considered minor contract items.

**10-29 MATERIALS**.  Any substance specified for use in the
construction of the contract work.

**10-30 NOTICE TO PROCEED**.  A written notice to the Contractor to
begin the actual contract work on a previously agreed to date.  If
applicable, the Notice to Proceed shall state the date on which the
contract time begins.

**10-31 OWNER**.  The term "Owner" shall mean the party of the first
part or the contracting agency signatory to the contract.  For AIP
contracts, the term "sponsor" shall have the same meaning as the term
"Owner." Where the term "Owner" is capitalized in this document, it
shall mean airport owner or sponsor only.

**10-32 PAVEMENT**.  The combined surface course, base course, and
subbase course, if any, considered as a single unit.

**10-33 PAYMENT BOND**.  The approved form of security furnished by the
Contractor and his/her surety as a guaranty that he will pay in full all
bills and accounts for materials and labor used in the construction of
the work.

**10-34 PERFORMANCE BOND**.  The approved form of security furnished by
the Contractor and his/her surety as a guaranty that the Contractor will
complete the work in accordance with the terms of the contract.

**10-35 PLANS**.  The official drawings or exact reproductions which
show the location, character, dimensions and details of the airport and
the work to be done and which are to be considered as a part of the
contract, supplementary to the specifications.

**10-36 PROJECT**.  The agreed scope of work for accomplishing specific
airport development with respect to a particular airport.

**10-37 PROPOSAL**.  The written offer of the bidder (when submitted on
the approved proposal form) to perform the contemplated work and furnish
the necessary materials in accordance with the provisions of the plans
and specifications.

**10-38 PROPOSAL GUARANTY**.  The security furnished with a proposal to
guarantee that the bidder will enter into a contract if his/her proposal
is accepted by the Owner.

**10-39 RUNWAY**.  The area on the airport prepared for the landing and
takeoff of aircraft.

**10-40 SPECIFICATIONS**.  A part of the contract containing the written
directions and requirements for completing the contract work.  Standards
for specifying materials or testing which are cited in the contract
specifications by reference shall have the same force and effect as if
included in the contract physically.

**10-41 SPONSOR**. See definition above of "Owner."

**10-42 STRUCTURES**.  Airport facilities such as bridges; culverts;
catch basins, inlets, retaining walls, cribbing; storm and sanitary
sewer lines; water lines; underdrains; electrical ducts, manholes,
handholes, lighting fixtures and bases; transformers; flexible and rigid
pavements; navigational aids; buildings; vaults; and, other manmade
features of the airport that may be encountered in the work and not
otherwise classified herein.

**10-43 SUBGRADE**.  The soil that forms the pavement foundation.

**10-44 SUPERINTENDENT**.  The Contractor\'s executive representative
who is present on the work during progress, authorized to receive and
fulfill instructions from the Engineer, and who shall supervise and
direct the construction.

**10-45 SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT**.  A written agreement between the
Contractor and the Owner covering  (1) work that would increase or
decrease the total amount of the awarded contract, or any major contract
item, by more than 25 percent, such increased or decreased work being
within the scope of the originally awarded contract; or (2) work that is
not within the scope of the originally awarded contract.

**10-46 SURETY**.  The corporation, partnership, or individual, other
than the Contractor, executing payment or performance bonds that are
furnished to the Owner by the Contractor.

**10-47 TAXIWAY**.  For the purpose of this document, the term taxiway
means the portion of the air operations area of an airport that has been
designated by competent airport authority for movement of aircraft to
and from the airport\'s runways or aircraft parking areas.

**10-48 WORK**.  The furnishing of all labor, materials, tools,
equipment, and incidentals necessary or convenient to the Contractor\'s
performance of all duties and obligations imposed by the contract,
plans, and specifications.

**10-49 WORKING DAY**.  A working day shall be any day other than a
legal holiday, Saturday, or Sunday on which the normal working forces of
the Contractor may proceed with regular work for at least 6 hours toward
completion of the contract when work is suspended for causes beyond the
Contractor\'s control, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays on which the
Contractor\'s forces engage in regular work, requiring the presence of
an inspector, will be considered as working days.

**END OF SECTION 10**

### SECTION 20 PROPOSAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS

**20-01 ADVERTISEMENT (Notice to Bidders).**

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> **The Owner, or his/her authorized agent, shall publish the
> advertisement at such places and at such times as are required by
> local law or ordinances.  The published advertisement shall state the
> time and place for submitting sealed proposals; a description of the
> proposed work; instructions to bidders as to obtaining proposal forms,
> plans, and specifications; proposal guaranty required; and the
> Owner\'s right to reject any and all bids.**

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**20-02 PREQUALIFICATION OF BIDDERS**.  Each bidder shall furnish the
owner satisfactory evidence of his/her competency to perform the
proposed work.  Such evidence of competency, unless otherwise specified,
shall consist of statements covering the bidder\'s past experience on
similar work, a list of equipment that would be available for the work,
and a list of key personnel that would be available.  In addition, each
bidder shall furnish the owner satisfactory evidence of his/her
financial responsibility.  Such evidence of financial responsibility,
unless otherwise specified, shall consist of a confidential statement or
report of the bidder\'s financial resources and liabilities as of the
last calendar year or the Contractor\'s last fiscal year.  Such
statements or reports shall be certified by a public accountant.  At the
time of submitting such financial statements or reports, the bidder
shall further certify whether his/her financial responsibility is
approximately the same as stated or reported by the public accountant. 
If the bidder\'s financial responsibility has changed, the bidder shall
qualify the public accountant\'s statement or report to reflect his/her
(bidder\'s) true financial condition at the time such qualified
statement or report is submitted to the Owner.

Unless otherwise specified, a bidder may submit evidence that he is
prequalified with the State Highway Division and is on the current
\`\`bidder\'s list\'\' of the state in which the proposed work is
located.  Such evidence of State Highway Division prequalification may
be submitted as evidence of financial responsibility in lieu of the
certified statements or reports hereinbefore specified.

Each bidder shall submit \"evidence of competency\" and \"evidence of
financial responsibility\" to the Owner at the time of bid opening.

**20-03 CONTENTS OF PROPOSAL FORMS**.  The Owner shall furnish bidders
with proposal forms.  All papers bound with or attached to the proposal
forms are necessary parts and must not be detached.

The plans specifications, and other documents designated in the proposal
form shall be considered a part of the proposal whether attached or not.

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> **The proposal forms that are to be furnished to bidders should state
> the location and description of the proposed construction, the place,
> date, and time of opening of the proposals, and should show the
> estimated quantities of the various items of work to be performed and
> materials to be furnished for which unit bid prices are asked.  The
> proposal form shall state the time in which the work must be
> completed, and the amount of the proposal guaranty that must accompany
> the proposal.  Should the Owner require a prebid conference, the time,
> date, and place shall be stated in the proposal.**
>
> **For AIP contracts, the proposal shall conform to the requirements of
> local laws and ordinances pertaining to letting of contracts.**

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**20-04 ISSUANCE OF PROPOSAL FORMS**.  The Owner reserves the right to
refuse to issue a proposal form to a prospective bidder should such
bidder be in default for any of the following reasons:

**a.**  Failure to comply with any prequalification regulations of the
Owner, if such regulations are cited, or otherwise included, in the
proposal as a requirement for bidding.

**b.**  Failure to pay, or satisfactorily settle, all bills due for
labor and materials on former contracts in force (with the Owner) at the
time the Owner issues the proposal to a prospective bidder.

**c.**  Contractor default under previous contracts with the Owner.

**d.**  Unsatisfactory work on previous contracts with the Owner.

**20-05 INTERPRETATION OF ESTIMATED PROPOSAL QUANTITIES**.  An estimate
of quantities of work to be done and materials to be furnished under
these specifications is given in the proposal.  It is the result of
careful calculations and is believed to be correct.  It is given only as
a basis for comparison of proposals and the award of the contract.  The
Owner does not expressly or by implication agree that the actual
quantities involved will correspond exactly therewith; nor shall the
bidder plead misunderstanding or deception because of such estimates of
quantities, or of the character, location, or other conditions
pertaining to the work.  Payment to the Contractor will be made only for
the actual quantities of work performed or materials furnished in
accordance with the plans and specifications.  It is understood that the
quantities may be increased or decreased as hereinafter provided in the
subsection titled ALTERATION OF WORK AND QUANTITIES of Section 40
without in any way invalidating the unit bid prices.

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> **Mobilization may be paid for as a separate bid item or included in
> the unit prices for all other items. Ensure the proposal form and
> contract documents indicate how mobilization is to be paid for.**
>
> **Implementation of the safety plan is to be included in other bid
> items.**

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**20-06 EXAMINATION OF PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND SITE**.  The bidder is
expected to carefully examine the site of the proposed work, the
proposal, plans specifications, and contract forms.  He shall satisfy
himself as to the character, quality, and quantities of work to be
performed, materials to be furnished, and as to the requirements of the
proposed contract.  The submission of a proposal shall be prima facie
evidence that the bidder has made such examination and is satisfied as
to the conditions to be encountered in performing the work and as to the
requirements of the proposed contract, plans, and specifications.

Boring logs and other records of subsurface investigations and tests are
available for inspection of bidders.  It is understood and agreed that
such subsurface information, whether included in the plans,
specifications, or otherwise made available to the bidder, was obtained
and is intended for the Owner\'s design and estimating purposes only. 
Such information has been made available for the convenience of all
bidders.  It is further understood and agreed that each bidder is solely
responsible for all assumptions, deductions, or conclusions which he may
make or obtain from his/her examination of the boring logs and other
records of subsurface investigations and tests that are furnished by the
Owner.

**20-07 PREPARATION OF PROPOSAL**.  The bidder shall submit his/her
proposal on the forms furnished by the Owner.  All blank spaces in the
proposal forms must be correctly filled in where indicated for each and
every item for which a quantity is given.  The bidder shall state the
price (written in ink or typed) both in words and numerals for which he
proposes to do each pay item furnished in the proposal.  In case of
conflict between words and numerals, the words, unless obviously
incorrect, shall govern.

The bidder shall sign his/her proposal correctly and in ink.  If the
proposal is made by an individual, his/her name and post office address
must be shown.  If made by a partnership, the name and post office
address of each member of the partnership must be shown.  If made by a
corporation, the person signing the proposal shall give the name of the
state under the laws of which the corporation was chartered and the
name, titles, and business address of the president, secretary, and the
treasurer.  Anyone signing a proposal as an agent shall file evidence of
his/her authority to do so and that the signature is binding upon the
firm or corporation.

**20-08 IRREGULAR PROPOSALS**.  Proposals shall be considered irregular
for the following reasons:

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> **A definition of responsive and responsible bid as defined in federal
> acquisition regulations should be included in this section.**

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**a.**  If the proposal is on a form other than that furnished by the
Owner, or if the Owner\'s form is altered, or if any part of the
proposal form is detached.

**b.**  If there are unauthorized additions, conditional or alternate
pay items, or irregularities of any kind that make the proposal
incomplete, indefinite, or otherwise ambiguous.

**c.**  If the proposal does not contain a unit price for each pay item
listed in the proposal, except in the case of authorized alternate pay
items, for which the bidder is not required to furnish a unit price.

**d.**  If the proposal contains unit prices that are obviously
unbalanced.

**e.**  If the proposal is not accompanied by the proposal guaranty
specified by the Owner.

The Owner reserves the right to reject any irregular proposal and the
right to waive technicalities if such waiver is in the best interest of
the Owner and conforms to local laws and ordinances pertaining to the
letting of construction contracts.

**20-09 BID GUARANTEE**.  Each separate proposal shall be accompanied by
a certified check, or other specified acceptable collateral, in the
amount specified in the proposal form.  Such check, or collateral, shall
be made payable to the Owner.

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> **49 CFR Part 18 provides that for contracts exceeding \$100,000, the
> Owner should use local bonding policy and requirements provided that
> the FAA has made a determination that the Government\'s interest is
> adequately protected.  If such a determination has not been made, the
> bid guarantee shall be equivalent to five percent of the bid price. 
> It shall consist of a firm commitment such as a bid bond, certified
> check, or other negotiable instrument accompanying a bid as assurance
> that the bidder will, upon acceptance of the bid, execute such
> contractual documents as may be required within the time specified.**

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**20-10 DELIVERY OF PROPOSAL.**  Each proposal submitted shall be placed
in a sealed envelope plainly marked with the project number, location of
airport, and name and business address of the bidder on the outside. 
When sent by mail, preferably registered, the sealed proposal, marked as
indicated above, should be enclosed in an additional envelope.  No
proposal will be considered unless received at the place specified in
the advertisement before the time specified for opening all bids. 
Proposals received after the bid opening time shall be returned to the
bidder unopened.

**20-11 WITHDRAWAL OR REVISION OF PROPOSALS**.  A bidder may withdraw or
revise (by withdrawal of one proposal and submission of another) a
proposal provided that the bidder\'s request for withdrawal is received
by the Owner in writing or by telegram before the time specified for
opening bids.  Revised proposals must be received at the place specified
in the advertisement before the time specified for opening all bids.

**20-12 PUBLIC OPENING OF PROPOSALS**.  Proposals shall be opened, and
read, publicly at the time and place specified in the advertisement. 
Bidders, their authorized agents, and other interested persons are
invited to attend. Proposals that have been withdrawn (by written or
telegraphic request) or received after the time specified for opening
bids shall be returned to the bidder unopened.

**20-13 DISQUALIFICATION OF BIDDERS**.  A bidder shall be considered
disqualified for any of the following reasons:

**a.**  Submitting more than one proposal from the same partnership,
firm, or corporation under the same or different name.

**b.**  Evidence of collusion among bidders.  Bidders participating in
such collusion shall be disqualified as bidders for any future work of
the Owner until any such participating bidder has been reinstated by the
Owner as a qualified bidder.

**c.**  If the bidder is considered to be in \`\`default\'\' for any
reason specified in the subsection titled ISSUANCE OF PROPOSAL FORMS of
this section.

**END OF SECTION 20**

### **SECTION 30 AWARD AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACT**

**30-01 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS**.  After the proposals are publicly
opened and read, they will be compared on the basis of the summation of
the products obtained by multiplying the estimated quantities shown in
the proposal by the unit bid prices.  If a bidder\'s proposal contains a
discrepancy between unit bid prices written in words and unit bid prices
written in numbers, the unit price written in words shall govern.

Until the award of a contract is made, the Owner reserves the right to
reject a bidder\'s proposal for any of the following reasons:

**a.**  If the proposal is irregular as specified in the subsection
titled IRREGULAR PROPOSALS of Section 20.

**b.**  If the bidder is disqualified for any of the reasons specified
in the subsection titled DISQUALIFICATION OF BIDDERS of Section 20.

In addition, until the award of a contract is made, the Owner reserves
the right to reject any or all proposals, waive technicalities, if such
waiver is in the best interest of the Owner and is in conformance with
applicable state and local laws or regulations pertaining to the letting
of construction contracts; advertise for new proposals; or proceed with
the work otherwise.  All such actions shall promote the Owner\'s best
interests.

**30-02 AWARD OF CONTRACT**.  The award of a contract, if it is to be
awarded, shall be made within \[ \] calendar days of the date specified
for publicly opening proposals, unless otherwise specified herein.

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> **The award of contract is recommended to be made within 30 days, but
> shall not exceed 120 days, in cases where AIP funds are not projected
> to be available within the 30 days of bid acceptance.**

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Award of the contract shall be made by the Owner to the lowest,
qualified bidder whose proposal conforms to the cited requirements of
the Owner.

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> **For AIP contracts, unless otherwise specified in this subsection, no
> award shall be made until the FAA has concurred in the Owner\'s
> recommendation to make such award and has approved the Owner\'s
> proposed contract to the extent that such concurrence and approval are
> required by 49 CFR Part 18.**

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**30-03 CANCELLATION OF AWARD**.  The Owner reserves the right to cancel
the award without liability to the bidder, except return of proposal
guaranty, at any time before a contract has been fully executed by all
parties and is approved by the Owner in accordance with the subsection
titled APPROVAL OF CONTRACT of this section.

**30-04 RETURN OF PROPOSAL GUARANTY**.  All proposal guaranties, except
those of the two lowest bidders, will be returned immediately after the
Owner has made a comparison of bids as hereinbefore specified in the
subsection titled CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS of this section.  Proposal
guaranties of the two lowest bidders will be retained by the Owner until
such time as an award is made, at which time, the unsuccessful bidder\'s
proposal guaranty will be returned.  The successful bidder\'s proposal
guaranty will be returned as soon as the Owner receives the contracts
bonds as specified in the subsection titled REQUIREMENTS OF CONTRACT
BONDS of this section.

**30-05 REQUIREMENTS OF CONTRACT BONDS**.  At the time of the execution
of the contract, the successful bidder shall furnish the Owner a surety
bond or bonds that have been fully executed by the bidder and the surety
guaranteeing the performance of the work and the payment of all legal
debts that may be incurred by reason of the Contractor\'s performance of
the work.  The surety and the form of the bond or bonds shall be
acceptable to the Owner.  Unless otherwise specified in this subsection,
the surety bond or bonds shall be in a sum equal to the full amount of
the contract.

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> **49 CFR Part 18 provides that recipients of AIP contracts (i.e., the
> Owner or Sponsor) awarded in excess of \$100,000 should use local
> bonding policy and requirements provided that the FAA has made a
> determination that the Government\'s interest is adequately
> protected.  If such a determination has not been made, the performance
> and payment bonds shall be in the full amount of the awarded
> contract.  For AIP contracts awarded in an amount of \$100,000 or
> less, the owner should specify bonding in accordance with local
> requirements.**

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**30-06 EXECUTION OF CONTRACT**.  The successful bidder shall sign
(execute) the necessary agreements for entering into the contract and
return such signed contract to the owner, along with the fully executed
surety bond or bonds specified in the subsection titled REQUIREMENTS OF
CONTRACT BONDS of this section, within 15 calendar days from the date
mailed or otherwise delivered to the successful bidder.  If the contract
is mailed, special handling is recommended.

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **49 CFR Part 26 provides that each contract the owner signs with a
> contractor (and each subcontract the prime contractor signs with a
> subcontractor) shall include the following assurance:**
>
> **The contractor, sub-recipient or subcontractor shall not
> discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, or sex in
> the performance of this contract. The contractor shall carry out
> applicable requirements of 49 CFR Part 26 in the award and
> administration of Department of Transportation (DOT) assisted
> contracts. Failure by the contractor to carry out these requirements
> is a material breach of this contract, which may result in the
> termination of this contract or such other remedy as the recipient
> deems appropriate.**

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

**30-07 APPROVAL OF CONTRACT**.  Upon receipt of the contract and
contract bond or bonds that have been executed by the successful bidder,
the Owner shall complete the execution of the contract in accordance
with local laws or ordinances, and return the fully executed contract to
the Contractor.  Delivery of the fully executed contract to the
Contractor shall constitute the Owner\'s approval to be bound by the
successful bidder\'s proposal and the terms of the contract.

**30-08 FAILURE TO EXECUTE CONTRACT**.  Failure of the successful bidder
to execute the contract and furnish an acceptable surety bond or bonds
within the 15 calendar day period specified in the subsection titled
REQUIREMENTS OF CONTRACT BONDS of this section shall be just cause for
cancellation of the award and forfeiture of the proposal guaranty, not
as a penalty, but as liquidation of damages to the Owner.

**END OF SECTION 30**

### **SECTION 40 SCOPE OF WORK**

**40-01 INTENT OF CONTRACT**.  The intent of the contract is to provide
for construction and completion, in every detail, of the work
described.  It is further intended that the Contractor shall furnish all
labor, materials, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies
required to complete the work in accordance with the plans,
specifications, and terms of the contract.

**40-02 ALTERATION OF WORK AND QUANTITIES**.  The owner reserves and
shall have the right to make such alterations in the work as may be
necessary or desirable to complete the work originally intended in an
acceptable manner.  Unless otherwise specified herein, the Engineer
shall be and is hereby authorized to make such alterations in the work
as may increase or decrease the originally awarded contract quantities,
provided that the aggregate of such alterations does not change the
total contract cost or the total cost of any major contract item by more
than 25 percent (total cost being based on the unit prices and estimated
quantities in the awarded contract).  Alterations that do not exceed the
25 percent limitation shall not invalidate the contract nor release the
surety, and the Contractor agrees to accept payment for such alterations
as if the altered work had been a part of the original contract.  These
alterations that are for work within the general scope of the contract
shall be covered by \`\`Change Orders\'\' issued by the Engineer. 
Change orders for altered work shall include extensions of contract time
where, in the Engineer\'s opinion, such extensions are commensurate with
the amount and difficulty of added work.

Should the aggregate amount of altered work exceed the 25 percent
limitation hereinbefore specified, such excess altered work shall be
covered by supplemental agreement.  If the owner and the Contractor are
unable to agree on a unit adjustment for any contract item that requires
a supplemental agreement, the owner reserves the right to terminate the
contract with respect to the item and make other arrangements for its
completion.

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **For AIP contracts this subsection should advise the Contractor that
> all supplemental agreements shall be approved by the FAA and shall
> include valid wage determinations of the U.S. Secretary of Labor when
> the amount of the supplemental agreement exceeds \$2,000.  However, if
> the Contractor elects to waive the limitations on work that increase
> or decrease the originally awarded contract or any major contract item
> by more than 25 percent, the supplemental agreement shall be subject
> to the same U.S. Secretary of Labor wage determination as was included
> in the originally awarded contract.**
>
> **All supplemental agreements shall require consent of the
> Contractor\'s surety and separate performance and payment bonds.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

**40-03 OMITTED ITEMS**.  The Engineer may, in the Owner\'s best
interest, omit from the work any contract item, except major contract
items.  Major contract items may be omitted by a supplemental
agreement.  Such omission of contract items shall not invalidate any
other contract provision or requirement.

Should a contract item be omitted or otherwise ordered to be
nonperformed, the Contractor shall be paid for all work performed toward
completion of such item prior to the date of the order to omit such
item.  Payment for work performed shall be in accordance with the
subsection titled PAYMENT FOR OMITTED ITEMS of Section 90.

**40-04 EXTRA WORK**.  Should acceptable completion of the contract
require the Contractor to perform an item of work for which no basis of
payment has been provided in the original contract or previously issued
change orders or supplemental agreements, the same shall be called
"Extra Work."  Extra Work that is within the general scope of the
contract shall be covered by written change order.  Change orders for
such Extra Work shall contain agreed unit prices for performing the
change order work in accordance with the requirements specified in the
order, and shall contain any adjustment to the contract time that, in
the Engineer\'s opinion, is necessary for completion of such Extra Work.

When determined by the Engineer to be in the Owner\'s best interest, he
may order the Contractor to proceed with Extra Work by force account as
provided in the subsection titled PAYMENT FOR EXTRA AND FORCE ACCOUNT
WORK of Section 90.

Extra Work that is necessary for acceptable completion of the project,
but is not within the general scope of the work covered by the original
contract shall be covered by a Supplemental Agreement as hereinbefore
defined in the subsection titled SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT of Section 10.

Any claim for payment of Extra Work that is not covered by written
agreement (change order or supplemental agreement) shall be rejected by
the Owner.

**40-05 MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC**.  It is the explicit intention of the
contract that the safety of aircraft, as well as the Contractor\'s
equipment and personnel, is the most important consideration.  It is
understood and agreed that the Contractor shall provide for the free and
unobstructed movement of aircraft in the air operations areas of the
airport with respect to his/her own operations and the operations of all
his/her subcontractors as specified in the subsection titled LIMITATION
OF OPERATIONS of Section 80.  It is further understood and agreed that
the Contractor shall provide for the uninterrupted operation of visual
and electronic signals (including power supplies thereto) used in the
guidance of aircraft while operating to, from, and upon the airport as
specified in the subsection titled CONTRACTOR\'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR
UTILITY SERVICE AND FACILITIES OF OTHERS in Section 70.

With respect to his/her own operations and the operations of all his/her
subcontractors, the Contractor shall provide marking, lighting, and
other acceptable means of identifying: personnel; equipment; vehicles;
storage areas; and any work area or condition that may be hazardous to
the operation of aircraft, fire-rescue equipment, or maintenance
vehicles at the airport.

When the contract requires the maintenance of vehicular traffic on an
existing road, street, or highway during the Contractor\'s performance
of work that is otherwise provided for in the contract, plans, and
specifications, the Contractor shall keep such road, street, or highway
open to all traffic and shall provide such maintenance as may be
required to accommodate traffic.  The Contractor shall furnish erect,
and maintain barricades, warning signs, flagperson, and other traffic
control devices in reasonable conformity with the manual of Uniform
Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (published by the
United States Government Printing Office), unless otherwise specified
herein.  The Contractor shall also construct and maintain in a safe
condition any temporary connections necessary for ingress to and egress
from abutting property or intersecting roads, streets or highways. 
Unless otherwise specified herein, the Contractor will not be required
to furnish snow removal for such existing road, street, or highway.

The Contractor shall make his/her own estimate of all labor, materials,
equipment, and incidentals necessary for providing the maintenance of
aircraft and vehicular traffic as specified in this subsection.

The cost of maintaining the aircraft and vehicular traffic specified in
this subsection shall not be measured or paid for directly, but shall be
included in the various contract items.

**40-06 REMOVAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES**.  All existing structures
encountered within the established lines, grades, or grading sections
shall be removed by the Contractor, unless such existing structures are
otherwise specified to be relocated, adjusted up or down, salvaged,
abandoned in place, reused in the work or to remain in place.  The cost
of removing such existing structures shall not be measured or paid for
directly, but shall be included in the various contract items.

Should the Contractor encounter an existing structure (above or below
ground) in the work for which the disposition is not indicated on the
plans, the Engineer shall be notified prior to disturbing such
structure.  The disposition of existing structures so encountered shall
be immediately determined by the Engineer in accordance with the
provisions of the contract.

Except as provided in the subsection titled RIGHTS IN AND USE OF
MATERIALS FOUND IN THE WORK of this section, it is intended that all
existing materials or structures that may be encountered (within the
lines, grades, or grading sections established for completion of the
work) shall be utilized in the work as otherwise provided for in the
contract and shall remain the property of the Owner when so utilized in
the work.

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **The removal of large or complicated existing structures such as
> box-culverts, underground storage tanks, large underground electrical
> vaults, large reinforced concrete structures or foundations, or
> similar existing airport facilities should be provided for in separate
> technical specifications.  Contract pay items should also be provided
> in the contract proposal to cover payment for such work.**
>
> **Additional requirements may be needed in the contract to protect
> pavements which are to remain in place when demolishing adjacent
> pavements. An example is to not permit falling-weight type pavement
> demolition within 25-feet of pavement to remain in place. Other
> requirements can include requiring a double saw-cut when removing
> Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavements and requiring the contractor
> (at contractor\'s expense) to remove and replace damaged PCC back to
> the next joint.**

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

**40-07 RIGHTS IN AND USE OF MATERIALS FOUND IN THE WORK**.  Should the
Contractor encounter any material such as (but not restricted to) sand,
stone, gravel, slag, or concrete slabs within the established lines,
grades, or grading sections, the use of which is intended by the terms
of the contract to be either embankment or waste, he may at his/her
option either:

**a.**  Use such material in another contract item, providing such use
is approved by the Engineer and is in conformance with the contract
specifications applicable to such use; or,

**b.**  Remove such material from the site, upon written approval of the
Engineer; or

**c.**  Use such material for his/her own temporary construction on
site; or,

**d.**  Use such material as intended by the terms of the contract.

Should the Contractor wish to exercise option a., b., or c., he shall
request the Engineer\'s approval in advance of such use.

Should the Engineer approve the Contractor\'s request to exercise option
a., b., or c., the Contractor shall be paid for the excavation or
removal of such material at the applicable contract price.  The
Contractor shall replace, at his/her own expense, such removed or
excavated material with an agreed equal volume of material that is
acceptable for use in constructing embankment, backfills, or otherwise
to the extent that such replacement material is needed to complete the
contract work.  The Contractor shall not be charged for his/her use of
such material so used in the work or removed from the site.

Should the Engineer approve the Contractor\'s exercise of option a., the
Contractor shall be paid, at the applicable contract price, for
furnishing and installing such material in accordance with requirements
of the contract item in which the material is used.

It is understood and agreed that the Contractor shall make no claim for
delays by reason of his/her exercise of option a., b., or c.

The Contractor shall not excavate, remove, or otherwise disturb any
material, structure, or part of a structure which is located outside the
lines, grades, or grading sections established for the work, except
where such excavation or removal is provided for in the contract, plans,
or specifications.

**40-09 FINAL CLEANING UP**.  Upon completion of the work and before
acceptance and final payment will be made, the Contractor shall remove
from the site all machinery, equipment, surplus and discarded materials,
rubbish, temporary structures, and stumps or portions of trees.  He
shall cut all brush and woods within the limits indicated and shall
leave the site in a neat and presentable condition.  Material cleared
from the site and deposited on adjacent property will not be considered
as having been disposed of satisfactorily, unless the Contractor has
obtained the written permission of such property owner.

**END OF SECTION 40**

### **SECTION 50 CONTROL OF WORK**

**50-01 AUTHORITY OF THE ENGINEER**.  The Engineer shall decide any and
all questions which may arise as to the quality and acceptability of
materials furnished, work performed, and as to the manner of performance
and rate of progress of the work. The Engineer shall decide all
questions that may arise as to the interpretation of the specifications
or plans relating to the work.  The Engineer shall determine the amount
and quality of the several kinds of work performed and materials
furnished which are to be paid for the under contract.

The Engineer does not have the authority to accept pavements that do not
conform to FAA specification requirements.

**50-02 CONFORMITY WITH PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS**.  All work and all
materials furnished shall be in reasonably close conformity with the
lines, grades, grading sections, cross sections, dimensions, material
requirements, and testing requirements that are specified (including
specified tolerances) in the contract, plans or specifications.

If the Engineer finds the materials furnished, work performed, or the
finished product not within reasonably close conformity with the plans
and specifications but that the portion of the work affected will, in
his/her opinion, result in a finished product having a level of safety,
economy, durability, and workmanship acceptable to the Owner, he will
advise the Owner of his/her determination that the affected work be
accepted and remain in place.  In this event, the Engineer will document
his/her determination and recommend to the Owner a basis of acceptance
that will provide for an adjustment in the contract price for the
affected portion of the work.  The Engineer\'s determination and
recommended contract price adjustments will be based on good engineering
judgment and such tests or retests of the affected work as are, in
his/her opinion, needed.  Changes in the contract price shall be covered
by contract modifications (change order or supplemental agreement) as
applicable.

If the Engineer finds the materials furnished, work performed, or the
finished product are not in reasonably close conformity with the plans
and specifications and have resulted in an unacceptable finished
product, the affected work or materials shall be removed and replaced or
otherwise corrected by and at the expense of the Contractor in
accordance with the Engineer\'s written orders.

For the purpose of this subsection, the term \`\`reasonably close
conformity\'\' shall not be construed as waiving the Contractor\'s
responsibility to complete the work in accordance with the contract,
plans, and specifications.  The term shall not be construed as waiving
the Engineer\'s responsibility to insist on strict compliance with the
requirements of the contract, plans, and specifications during the
Contractor\'s prosecution of the work, when, in the Engineer\'s opinion,
such compliance is essential to provide an acceptable finished portion
of the work.

For the purpose of this subsection, the term \`\`reasonably close
conformity\'\' is also intended to provide the Engineer with the
authority, after consultation with the FAA, to use good engineering
judgment in his/her determinations as to acceptance of work that is not
in strict conformity but will provide a finished product equal to or
better than that intended by the requirements of the contract, plans and
specifications.

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **For AIP contracts, the Owner should keep the FAA advised of the
> Engineer\'s determinations as to acceptance of work that is not in
> reasonably close conformity to the contract, plans, and
> specifications.  Change orders or supplemental agreements must bear
> the written approval of the FAA. The Engineer may consult with the FAA
> for the determination to accept materials that are not in strict
> conformance with the specification requirements.**

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

The Engineer will not be responsible for the Contractor's means,
methods, techniques, sequences, or procedures of construction or the
safety precautions incident thereto.

**50-03 COORDINATION OF CONTRACT, PLANS, AND SPECIFICATIONS**.  The
contract, plans, specifications, and all referenced standards cited are
essential parts of the contract requirements.  A requirement occurring
in one is as binding as though occurring in all.  They are intended to
be complementary and to describe and provide for a complete work.  In
case of discrepancy, calculated dimensions will govern over scaled
dimensions; contract technical specifications shall govern over contract
general provisions, plans, cited standards for materials or testing, and
cited FAA advisory circulars; contract general provisions shall govern
over plans, cited standards for materials or testing, and cited FAA
advisory circulars; plans shall govern over cited standards for
materials or testing and cited FAA advisory circulars. If any paragraphs
contained in the Special Provisions conflict with General Provisions or
Technical Specifications, the Special Provisions shall govern.

The Contractor shall not take advantage of any apparent error or
omission on the plans or specifications.  In the event the Contractor
discovers any apparent error or discrepancy, he shall immediately call
upon the Engineer for his/her interpretation and decision, and such
decision shall be final.

LIST SPECIAL PROVISIONS

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **The Engineer should list the Special Provisions in the order of
> precedence.**

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

**50-04 COOPERATION OF CONTRACTOR**.  The Contractor will be supplied
with five copies each of the plans and specifications.  He shall have
available on the work at all times one copy each of the plans and
specifications.  Additional copies of plans and specifications may be
obtained by the Contractor for the cost of reproduction.

The Contractor shall give constant attention to the work to facilitate
the progress thereof, and he shall cooperate with the Engineer and
his/her inspectors and with other contractors in every way possible. 
The Contractor shall have a competent superintendent on the work at all
times who is fully authorized as his/her agent on the work.  The
superintendent shall be capable of reading and thoroughly understanding
the plans and specifications and shall receive and fulfill instructions
from the Engineer or his/her authorized representative.

**50-05 COOPERATION BETWEEN CONTRACTORS**.  The Owner reserves the right
to contract for and perform other or additional work on or near the work
covered by this contract.

When separate contracts are let within the limits of any one project,
each Contractor shall conduct his/her work so as not to interfere with
or hinder the progress of completion of the work being performed by
other Contractors.  Contractors working on the same project shall
cooperate with each other as directed.

Each Contractor involved shall assume all liability, financial or
otherwise, in connection with his/her contract and shall protect and
save harmless the Owner from any and all damages or claims that may
arise because of inconvenience, delays, or loss experienced by him
because of the presence and operations of other Contractors working
within the limits of the same project.

The Contractor shall arrange his/her work and shall place and dispose of
the materials being used so as not to interfere with the operations of
the other Contractors within the limits of the same project.  He shall
join his/her work with that of the others in an acceptable manner and
shall perform it in proper sequence to that of the others.

**50-06 CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT AND STAKES**.  The Engineer shall establish
horizontal and vertical control only.  The Contractor must establish all
layout required for the construction of the work.  Such stakes and
markings as the Engineer may set for either his/her own or the
Contractor\'s guidance shall be preserved by the Contractor.  In case of
negligence on the part of the Contractor, or his/her employees,
resulting in the destruction of such stakes or markings, an amount equal
to the cost of replacing the same may be deducted from subsequent
estimates due the Contractor at the discretion of the Engineer.

The Contractor will be required to furnish all lines, grades and
measurements from the control points necessary for the proper
prosecution and control of the work contracted for under these
specifications.

The Contractor must give weekly copies of the survey notes to the
Engineer so that the Engineer may check them as to accuracy and method
of staking. All areas that are staked by the Contractor must be checked
by the Engineer prior to beginning any work in the area. The Engineer
will make periodic checks of the grades and alignment set by the
Contractor. In case of error on the part of the Contractor, or his/her
employees, resulting in establishing grades and/or alignment that are
not in accordance with the plans or established by the Engineer, all
construction not in accordance with the established grades and/or
alignment shall be replaced without additional cost to the Owner.

No direct payment will be made, unless otherwise specified in contract
documents, for this labor, materials, or other expenses therewith. The
cost thereof shall be included in the price of the bid for the various
items of the Contract.

Construction Staking and Layout includes but is not limited to:

> Clearing and Grubbing perimeter staking.
>
> Rough Grade slope stakes at 100-foot stations.
>
> Drainage Swales slope stakes and flow line blue tops at 50-foot
> stations.
>
> Subgrade blue tops at 25 foot stations and 25 foot offset distance
> (max.) for the following section locations:
>
> a\. Runway -- minimum 5 per station
>
> b\. Taxiways -- minimum 3 per station
>
> c\. Holding apron areas -- minimum 3 per station
>
> d\. Roadways -- minimum 3 per station
>
> Base Course blue tops at 25 foot stations and 25 foot offset distance
> (max.) for the following section locations:

a.  Runway -- minimum 5 per station

b.  Taxiways -- minimum 3 per station

c.  Holding apron areas -- minimum 3 per station

> Pavement areas:

a.  Edge of Pavement hubs and tacks (for stringline by Contractor) at
    100 foot stations

b.  Between Lifts at 25 foot stations for the following section
    locations:

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1.  Runways -- each paving lane width

2.  Taxiways -- each paving lane width

3.  Holding areas -- each paving lane width

> c\. After finish paving operations at 50 foot stations

1.  All paved areas -- Edge of each paving lane prior to next paving lot

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```
d.  Shoulder and safety area blue tops at 50 foot stations and at all
    break points with maximum of 50 foot offsets

> Fence lines at 100 foot stations
>
> Electrical and Communications System locations, lines and grades
> including but not limited to duct runs, connections, fixtures, signs,
> lights, VASI's, PAPI's, REIL's, Wind Cones, Distance Markers (signs),
> pull boxes and manholes.
>
> Drain lines, cut stakes and alignment on 25-foot stations, inlet and
> manholes.
>
> Painting and Striping layout (pinned with 1.5 inch PK nails) marked
> for paint Contractor. (All nails shall be removed after painting)
>
> Laser, or other automatic control devices, shall be checked with
> temporary control point or grade hub at a minimum of once per 400 feet
> per pass (i.e. paving lane).

NOTE: Controls and stakes disturbed or suspect of having been disturbed
shall be checked and/or reset as directed by the Engineer without
additional cost to the Owner.

**50-07 AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED EQUIPMENT**.  Whenever batching or
mixing plant equipment is required to be operated automatically under
the contract and a breakdown or malfunction of the automatic controls
occurs, the equipment may be operated manually or by other methods for a
period 48 hours following the breakdown or malfunction, provided this
method of operations will produce results which conform to all other
requirements of the contract.

**50-08 AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF INSPECTORS**.  Inspectors employed by
the Owner shall be authorized to inspect all work done and all material
furnished.  Such inspection may extend to all or any part of the work
and to the preparation, fabrication, or manufacture of the materials to
be used.  Inspectors are not authorized to revoke, alter, or waive any
provision of the contract.  Inspectors are not authorized to issue
instructions contrary to the plans and specifications or to act as
foreman for the Contractor.

Inspectors employed by the Owner are authorized to notify the Contractor
or his/her representatives of any failure of the work or materials to
conform to the requirements of the contract, plans, or specifications
and to reject such nonconforming materials in question until such issues
can be referred to the Engineer for his/her decision.

**50-09 INSPECTION OF THE WORK**.  All materials and each part or detail
of the work shall be subject to inspection by the Engineer.  The
Engineer shall be allowed access to all parts of the work and shall be
furnished with such information and assistance by the Contractor as is
required to make a complete and detailed inspection.

If the Engineer requests it, the Contractor, at any time before
acceptance of the work, shall remove or uncover such portions of the
finished work as may be directed.  After examination, the Contractor
shall restore said portions of the work to the standard required by the
specifications.  Should the work thus exposed or examined prove
acceptable, the uncovering, or removing, and the replacing of the
covering or making good of the parts removed will be paid for as extra
work; but should the work so exposed or examined prove unacceptable, the
uncovering, or removing, and the replacing of the covering or making
good of the parts removed will be at the Contractor\'s expense.

Any work done or materials used without supervision or inspection by an
authorized representative of the Owner may be ordered removed and
replaced at the Contractor\'s expense unless the Owner\'s representative
failed to inspect after having been given reasonable notice in writing
that the work was to be performed.

Should the contract work include relocation, adjustment, or any other
modification to existing facilities, not the property of the (contract)
Owner, authorized representatives of the owners of such facilities shall
have the right to inspect such work.  Such inspection shall in no sense
make any facility owner a party to the contract, and shall in no way
interfere with the rights of the parties to this contract.

**50-10 REMOVAL OF UNACCEPTABLE AND UNAUTHORIZED WORK**.  All work that
does not conform to the requirements of the contract, plans, and
specifications will be considered unacceptable, unless otherwise
determined acceptable by the Engineer as provided in the subsection
titled CONFORMITY WITH PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS of this section.

Unacceptable work, whether the result of poor workmanship, use of
defective materials, damage through carelessness, or any other cause
found to exist prior to the final acceptance of the work, shall be
removed immediately and replaced in an acceptable manner in accordance
with the provisions of the subsection titled CONTRACTOR\'S
RESPONSIBILITY FOR WORK of Section 70.

No removal work made under provision of this subsection shall be done
without lines and grades having been given by the Engineer. Work done
contrary to the instructions of the Engineer, work done beyond the lines
shown on the plans or as given, except as herein specified, or any extra
work done without authority, will be considered as unauthorized and will
not be paid for under the provisions of the contract.  Work so done may
be ordered removed or replaced at the Contractor\'s expense.

Upon failure on the part of the Contractor to comply forthwith with any
order of the Engineer made under the provisions of this subsection, the
Engineer will have authority to cause unacceptable work to be remedied
or removed and replaced and unauthorized work to be removed and to
deduct the costs (incurred by the Owner) from any monies due or to
become due the Contractor.

**50-11 LOAD RESTRICTIONS**.  The Contractor shall comply with all legal
load restrictions in the hauling of materials on public roads beyond the
limits of the work.  A special permit will not relieve the Contractor of
liability for damage that may result from the moving of material or
equipment.

The operation of equipment of such weight or so loaded as to cause
damage to structures or to any other type of construction will not be
permitted.  Hauling of materials over the base course or surface course
under construction shall be limited as directed.  No loads will be
permitted on a concrete pavement, base, or structure before the
expiration of the curing period.  The Contractor shall be responsible
for all damage done by his/her hauling equipment and shall correct such
damage at his/her own expense.

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> **The Engineer should check to see if the on site project access roads
> and haul routes will support the construction equipment. Particular
> attention should be paid when sections of existing airfield pavements
> will be used as haul routes to assure that existing pavements are not
> overloaded. If questionable, the Engineer should add appropriate
> provisions to preserve or rehabilitate any access roads or haul routes
> to the bid documents. Various measures such as videotape or
> photographs may be required to document existing conditions prior to
> start of construction.**

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**50-12 MAINTENANCE DURING CONSTRUCTION**.  The Contractor shall
maintain the work during construction and until the work is accepted. 
This maintenance shall constitute continuous and effective work
prosecuted day by day, with adequate equipment and forces so that the
work is maintained in satisfactory condition at all times.

In the case of a contract for the placing of a course upon a course or
subgrade previously constructed, the Contractor shall maintain the
previous course or subgrade during all construction operations.

All costs of maintenance work during construction and before the project
is accepted shall be included in the unit prices bid on the various
contract items, and the Contractor will not be paid an additional amount
for such work.

**50-13 FAILURE TO MAINTAIN THE WORK**.  Should the Contractor at any
time fail to maintain the work as provided in the subsection titled
MAINTENANCE DURING CONSTRUCTION of this section, the Engineer shall
immediately notify the Contractor of such noncompliance.  Such
notification shall specify a reasonable time within which the Contractor
shall be required to remedy such unsatisfactory maintenance condition. 
The time specified will give due consideration to the exigency that
exists.

Should the Contractor fail to respond to the Engineer\'s notification,
the Owner may suspend any work necessary for the Owner to correct such
unsatisfactory maintenance condition, depending on the exigency that
exists.  Any maintenance cost incurred by the Owner, shall be deducted
from monies due or to become due the Contractor.

**50-14 PARTIAL ACCEPTANCE**.  If at any time during the prosecution of
the project the Contractor substantially completes a usable unit or
portion of the work, the occupancy of which will benefit the Owner, he
may request the Engineer to make final inspection of that unit.  If the
Engineer finds upon inspection that the unit has been satisfactorily
completed in compliance with the contract, he may accept it as being
completed, and the Contractor may be relieved of further responsibility
for that unit.  Such partial acceptance and beneficial occupancy by the
Owner shall not void or alter any provision of the contract.

**50-15 FINAL ACCEPTANCE.** Upon due notice from the Contractor of
presumptive completion of the entire project, the Engineer and Owner
will make an inspection.  If all construction provided for and
contemplated by the contract is found to be completed in accordance with
the contract, plans, and specifications, such inspection shall
constitute the final inspection.  The Engineer shall notify the
Contractor in writing of final acceptance as of the date of the final
inspection.

If, however, the inspection discloses any work, in whole or in part, as
being unsatisfactory, the Engineer will give the Contractor the
necessary instructions for correction of same and the Contractor shall
immediately comply with and execute such instructions.  Upon correction
of the work, another inspection will be made which shall constitute the
final inspection, provided the work has been satisfactorily completed. 
In such event, the Engineer will make the final acceptance and notify
the Contractor in writing of this acceptance as of the date of final
inspection.

**50‑16  CLAIMS FOR ADJUSTMENT AND DISPUTES.**  If for any reason the
Contractor deems that additional compensation is due him for work or
materials not clearly provided for in the contract, plans, or
specifications or previously authorized as extra work, he shall notify
the Engineer in writing of his/her intention to claim such additional
compensation before he begins the work on which he bases the claim.  If
such notification is not given or the Engineer is not afforded proper
opportunity by the Contractor for keeping strict account of actual cost
as required, then the Contractor hereby agrees to waive any claim for
such additional compensation.  Such notice by the Contractor and the
fact that the Engineer has kept account of the cost of the work shall
not in any way be construed as proving or substantiating the validity of
the claim.  When the work on which the claim for additional compensation
is based has been completed, the Contractor shall, within l0 calendar
days, submit his/her written claim to the Engineer who will present it
to the Owner for consideration in accordance with local laws or
ordinances.

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as a waiver of the
Contractor\'s right to dispute final payment based on differences in
measurements or computations.

**50‑17  COST REDUCTION INCENTIVE.**  The provisions of this subsection
will apply only to contracts awarded to the lowest bidder pursuant to
competitive bidding.

On projects with original contract amounts in excess of \$100,000, the
Contractor may submit to the Engineer, in writing, proposals for
modifying the plans, specifications or other requirements of the
contract for the sole purpose of reducing the cost of construction.  The
cost reduction proposal shall not impair, in any manner, the essential
functions or characteristics of the project, including but not limited
to service life, economy of operation, ease of maintenance, desired
appearance, design and safety standards.  This provision shall not apply
unless the proposal submitted is specifically identified by the
Contractor as being presented for consideration as a value engineering
proposal.

Not eligible for cost reduction proposals are changes in the basic
design of a pavement type, runway and taxiway lighting, visual aids,
hydraulic capacity of drainage facilities, or changes in grade or
alignment that reduce the geometric standards of the project.

As a minimum, the following information shall be submitted by the
Contractor with each proposal:

**a.**  A description of both existing contract requirements for
performing the work and the proposed changes, with a discussion of the
comparative advantages and disadvantages of each;

**b.**  An itemization of the contract requirements that must be changed
if the proposal is adopted;

**c.**  A detailed estimate of the cost of performing the work under the
existing contract and under the proposed changes;

**d.**  A statement of the time by which a change order adopting the
proposal must be issued;

**e.**  A statement of the effect adoption of the proposal will have on
the time for completion of the contract; and

**f.**  The contract items of work affected by the proposed changes,
including any quantity variation attributable to them.

The Contractor may withdraw, in whole or in part, any cost reduction
proposal not accepted by the Engineer, within the period specified in
the proposal.  The provisions of this subsection shall not be construed
to require the Engineer to consider any cost reduction proposal that may
be submitted.

The Contractor shall continue to perform the work in accordance with the
requirements of the contract until a change order incorporating the cost
reduction proposal has been issued.  If a change order has not been
issued by the date upon which the Contractor\'s cost reduction proposal
specifies that a decision should be made, or such other date as the
Contractor may subsequently have requested in writing, such cost
reduction proposal shall be deemed rejected.

The Engineer shall be the sole judge of the acceptability of a cost
reduction proposal and of the estimated net savings from the adoption of
all or any part of such proposal.  In determining the estimated net
savings, the Engineer may disregard the contract bid prices if, in the
Engineer\'s judgment such prices do not represent a fair measure of the
value of the work to be performed or deleted.

The Owner may require the Contractor to share in the Owner\'s costs of
investigating a cost reduction proposal submitted by the Contractor as a
condition of considering such proposal.  Where such a condition is
imposed, the Contractor shall acknowledge acceptance of it in writing. 
Such acceptance shall constitute full authority for the Owner to deduct
the cost of investigating a cost reduction proposal from amounts payable
to the Contractor under the contract.

If the Contractor\'s cost reduction proposal is accepted in whole or in
part, such acceptance will be by a contract change order that shall
specifically state that it is executed pursuant to this subsection. 
Such change order shall incorporate the changes in the plans and
specifications which are necessary to permit the cost reduction proposal
or such part of it as has been accepted and shall include any conditions
upon which the Engineer\'s approval is based.  The change order shall
also set forth the estimated net savings attributable to the cost
reduction proposal.  The net savings shall be determined as the
difference in costs between the original contract costs for the involved
work items and the costs occurring as a result of the proposed change. 
The change order shall also establish the net savings agreed upon and
shall provide for adjustment in the contract price that will divide the
net savings equally between the Contractor and the Owner.

The Contractor\'s 50 percent share of the net savings shall constitute
full compensation to the Contractor for the cost reduction proposal and
the performance of the work.

Acceptance of the cost‑reduction proposal and performance of the
cost‑reduction work shall not extend the time of completion of the
contract unless specifically provided for in the contract change order.

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> **Use of this subsection in project specifications is at the option of
> the Owner/Engineer.**
>
> **This subsection should not be incorporated into project
> specifications if State or local laws prohibit its use or if the
> project does not lend itself to value engineering.**

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**END OF SECTION 50**

**Intentionally Left Blank**

### **SECTION 60 CONTROL OF MATERIALS**

**60-01 SOURCE OF SUPPLY AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS**.  The materials used
on the work shall conform to the requirements of the contract, plans,
and specifications.  Unless otherwise specified, such materials that are
manufactured or processed shall be new (as compared to used or
reprocessed).

In order to expedite the inspection and testing of materials, the
Contractor shall furnish complete statements to the Engineer as to the
origin, composition, and manufacture of all materials to be used in the
work.  Such statements shall be furnished promptly after execution of
the contract but, in all cases, prior to delivery of such materials.

At the Engineer\'s option, materials may be approved at the source of
supply before delivery is stated.  If it is found after trial that
sources of supply for previously approved materials do not produce
specified products, the Contractor shall furnish materials from other
sources.

The Contractor shall furnish airport lighting equipment that conforms to
the requirements of cited materials specifications.  In addition, where
an FAA specification for airport lighting equipment is cited in the
plans or specifications, the Contractor shall furnish such equipment
that is:

**a.**  Listed in FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5345-53, Airport
Lighting Equipment Certification Program, that is in effect on the date
of advertisement; and,

**b.**  Produced by the manufacturer qualified (by FAA) to produce such
specified and listed equipment.

The following airport lighting equipment is required for this contract
and is to be furnished by the Contractor in accordance with the
requirements of this subsection:

> EQUIPMENT NAME
>
> CITED FAA SPECIFICATIONS
>
> EFFECTIVE FAA AC OR APPROVAL LETTER FOR EQUIPMENT AND
>
> MANUFACTURER

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> **To avoid errors, the design Engineer should furnish the above
> listing after having conformed the list to those specifications cited
> on the plans or in the technical specifications.  Both the individual
> FAA material specifications and the AC 150/5345-53, Airport Lighting
> Equipment Certification Program, should be listed to indicate the
> edition that is effective on the date the contract is advertised.**

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**60-02 SAMPLES, TESTS, AND CITED SPECIFICATIONS**.  Unless otherwise
designated, all materials used in the work shall be inspected, tested,
and approved by the Engineer before incorporation in the work.  Any work
in which untested materials are used without approval or written
permission of the Engineer shall be performed at the Contractor\'s
risk.  Materials found to be unacceptable and unauthorized will not be
paid for and, if directed by the Engineer, shall be removed at the
Contractor\'s expense.  Unless otherwise designated, tests in accordance
with the cited standard methods of ASTM, AASHTO, Federal Specifications,
Commercial Item Descriptions, and all other cited methods, which are
current on the date of advertisement for bids, will be made by and at
the expense of the Engineer.  The testing organizations performing on
site field tests shall have copies of all referenced standards on the
construction site for use by all technicians and other personnel,
including the Contractor\'s representative at his/her request. Unless
otherwise designated, samples will be taken by a qualified
representative of the Engineer.  All materials being used are subject to
inspection, test, or rejection at any time prior to or during
incorporation into the work.  Copies of all tests will be furnished to
the Contractor\'s representative at his/her request.

The Contractor shall employ a testing organization to perform all
Contractor required tests. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer
resumes on all testing organizations and individual persons who will be
performing the tests. The Engineer will determine if such persons are
qualified. All the test data shall be reported to the Engineer after the
results are known. A legible, handwritten copy of all test data shall be
given to the Engineer daily, along with printed reports, in an approved
format, on a weekly basis. After completion of the project, and prior to
final payment, the Contractor shall submit a final report to the
Engineer showing all test data reports, plus an analysis of all results
showing ranges, averages, and corrective action taken on all failing
tests.

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> **The Engineer may wish to include a requirement that all test data
> from the Contractor be furnished in electronic format. The Engineer
> shall provide detailed specifications to specify the acceptable format
> to be used.**

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**60-03 CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE**.  The Engineer may permit the use,
prior to sampling and testing, of certain materials or assemblies when
accompanied by manufacturer\'s certificates of compliance stating that
such materials or assemblies fully comply with the requirements of the
contract.  The certificate shall be signed by the manufacturer.  Each
lot of such materials or assemblies delivered to the work must be
accompanied by a certificate of compliance in which the lot is clearly
identified.

Materials or assemblies used on the basis of certificates of compliance
may be sampled and tested at any time and if found not to be in
conformity with contract requirements will be subject to rejection
whether in place or not.

The form and distribution of certificates of compliance shall be as
approved by the Engineer.

When a material or assembly is specified by \`\`brand name or equal\'\'
and the Contractor elects to furnish the specified \`\`brand name,\'\'
the Contractor shall be required to furnish the manufacturer\'s
certificate of compliance for each lot of such material or assembly
delivered to the work.  Such certificate of compliance shall clearly
identify each lot delivered and shall certify as to:

**a.**  Conformance to the specified performance, testing, quality or
dimensional requirements; and,

**b.**  Suitability of the material or assembly for the use intended in
the contract work.

Should the Contractor propose to furnish an \`\`or equal\'\' material or
assembly, he shall furnish the manufacturer\'s certificates of
compliance as hereinbefore described for the specified brand name
material or assembly.  However, the Engineer shall be the sole judge as
to whether the proposed \`\`or equal\'\' is suitable for use in the
work.

The Engineer reserves the right to refuse permission for use of
materials or assemblies on the basis of certificates of compliance.

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> **When it is necessary to specify a material or assembly by \`\`brand
> name or equal,\'\' the technical requirements (performance, testing,
> quality, or dimensions) must be accurately described in enough detail
> to ensure a suitable product while not restricting competition
> unduly.**

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**60-04 PLANT INSPECTION**.  The Engineer or his/her authorized
representative may inspect, at its source, any specified material or
assembly to be used in the work.  Manufacturing plants may be inspected
from time to time for the purpose of determining compliance with
specified manufacturing methods or materials to be used in the work and
to obtain samples required for his/her acceptance of the material or
assembly.

Should the Engineer conduct plant inspections, the following conditions
shall exist:

**a.**  The Engineer shall have the cooperation and assistance of the
Contractor and the producer with whom he has contracted for materials.

**b.**  The Engineer shall have full entry at all reasonable times to
such parts of the plant that concern the manufacture or production of
the materials being furnished.

**c.**  If required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall arrange for
adequate office or working space that may be reasonably needed for
conducting plant inspections. Office or working space should be
conveniently located with respect to the plant.

It is understood and agreed that the Owner shall have the right to
retest any material that has been tested and approved at the source of
supply after it has been delivered to the site.  The Engineer shall have
the right to reject only material which, when retested, does not meet
the requirements of the contract, plans, or specifications.

**60-05 ENGINEER\'S FIELD OFFICE**. The Contractor shall furnish for the
duration of the project one building for the use of the field engineers
and inspectors, as a field office. This facility shall be an approved
weatherproof building meeting the current State Highway Specifications
(for example, Class I Field Office or Type C Structure). This building
shall be located conveniently near to the construction and shall be
separate from any building used by the Contractor. A land line telephone
and answering machine shall be provided. The Contractor shall be
responsible for payment of the basic monthly charge and local calls
only. Any Long Distance Tolls shall be the responsibility of the caller.
The Contractor shall furnish \[ FAX machine, photocopy machine, water,
sanitary facilities, heat, air conditioning, and electricity \]. No
direct payment will be made for this building or labor, materials,
ground rental, or other expense in connection therewith. The cost hereof
shall be included in the price bid for the various items of the
contract. The Contractor and his/her superintendent shall provide all
reasonable facilities to enable to the Engineer to inspect the
workmanship and materials entering into the work.

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> **Requirements for specifying the Engineer\'s field office should be
> coordinated with the Owner and the Engineer since such facilities are
> not needed for all airport construction projects.**

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**60-06 STORAGE OF MATERIALS**.  Materials shall be so stored as to
assure the preservation of their quality and fitness for the work. 
Stored materials, even though approved before storage, may again be
inspected prior to their use in the work.  Stored materials shall be
located so as to facilitate their prompt inspection.  The Contractor
shall coordinate the storage of all materials with the Engineer. 
Materials to be stored on airport property shall not create an
obstruction to air navigation nor shall they interfere with the free and
unobstructed movement of aircraft.  Unless otherwise shown on the plans,
the storage of materials and the location of the Contractor\'s plant and
parked equipment or vehicles shall be as directed by the Engineer. 
Private property shall not be used for storage purposes without written
permission of the owner or lessee of such property.  The Contractor
shall make all arrangements and bear all expenses for the storage of
materials on private property.  Upon request, the Contractor shall
furnish the Engineer a copy of the property owner\'s permission.

All storage sites on private or airport property shall be restored to
their original condition by the Contractor at his/her entire expense,
except as otherwise agreed to (in writing) by the owner or lessee of the
property.

**60-07 UNACCEPTABLE MATERIALS**.  Any material or assembly that does
not conform to the requirements of the contract, plans, or
specifications shall be considered unacceptable and shall be rejected. 
The Contractor shall remove any rejected material or assembly from the
site of the work, unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer.

Rejected material or assembly, the defects of which have been corrected
by the Contractor, shall not be returned to the site of the work until
such time as the Engineer has approved its used in the work.

**60-08 OWNER FURNISHED MATERIALS**.  The Contractor shall furnish all
materials required to complete the work, except those specified herein
(if any) to be furnished by the Owner.  Owner-furnished materials shall
be made available to the Contractor at the location specified herein.

All costs of handling, transportation from the specified location to the
site of work, storage, and installing Owner-furnished materials shall be
included in the unit price bid for the contract item in which such
Owner-furnished material is used.

After any Owner-furnished material has been delivered to the location
specified, the Contractor shall be responsible for any demurrage,
damage, loss, or other deficiencies that may occur during the
Contractor\'s handling, storage, or use of such Owner-furnished
material.  The Owner will deduct from any monies due or to become due
the Contractor any cost incurred by the Owner in making good such loss
due to the Contractor\'s handling, storage, or use of Owner-furnished
materials.

**END OF SECTION 60**

### **SECTION 70 LEGAL REGULATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITY TO PUBLIC**

**70-01 LAWS TO BE OBSERVED**.  The Contractor shall keep fully informed
of all Federal and state laws, all local laws, ordinances, and
regulations and all orders and decrees of bodies or tribunals having any
jurisdiction or authority, which in any manner affect those engaged or
employed on the work, or which in any way affect the conduct of the
work.  He shall at all times observe and comply with all such laws,
ordinances, regulations, orders, and decrees; and shall protect and
indemnify the Owner and all his/her officers, agents, or servants
against any claim or liability arising from or based on the violation of
any such law, ordinance, regulation, order, or decree, whether by
himself or his/her employees.

**70-02 PERMITS, LICENSES, AND TAXES**.  The Contractor shall procure
all permits and licenses, pay all charges, fees, and taxes, and give all
notices necessary and incidental to the due and lawful prosecution of
the work.

**70-03 PATENTED DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND PROCESSES**.  If the Contractor
is required or desires to use any design, device, material, or process
covered by letters of patent or copyright, he shall provide for such use
by suitable legal agreement with the patentee or owner.  The Contractor
and the surety shall indemnify and save harmless the Owner, any third
party, or political subdivision from any and all claims for infringement
by reason of the use of any such patented design, device, material or
process, or any trademark or copyright, and shall indemnify the Owner
for any costs, expenses, and damages which it may be obliged to pay by
reason of an infringement, at any time during the prosecution or after
the completion of the work.

**70-04 RESTORATION OF SURFACES DISTURBED BY OTHERS**.  The Owner
reserves the right to authorize the construction, reconstruction, or
maintenance of any public or private utility service, FAA or National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) facility, or a utility
service of another government agency at any time during the progress of
the work.  To the extent that such construction, reconstruction, or
maintenance has been coordinated with the Owner, such authorized work
(by others) is indicated as follows:

Owner (Utility or Other Facility)

Location (See Plan Sheet No.)

Person to Contact (Name, Title, Address and Phone)

Except as listed above, the Contractor shall not permit any individual,
firm, or corporation to excavate or otherwise disturb such utility
services or facilities located within the limits of the work without the
written permission of the Engineer.

Should the owner of public or private utility service, FAA, or NOAA
facility, or a utility service of another government agency be
authorized to construct, reconstruct, or maintain such utility service
or facility during the progress of the work, the Contractor shall
cooperate with such owners by arranging and performing the work in this
contract so as to facilitate such construction, reconstruction or
maintenance by others whether or not such work by others is listed
above.  When ordered as extra work by the Engineer, the Contractor shall
make all necessary repairs to the work which are due to such authorized
work by others, unless otherwise provided for in the contract, plans, or
specifications.  It is understood and agreed that the Contractor shall
not be entitled to make any claim for damages due to such authorized
work by others or for any delay to the work resulting from such
authorized work.

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> **It is the intention of this subsection to provide for both foreseen
> and unforeseen work by owners of utility services and other facilities
> on the airport.  Such owners have legal rights and obligations under
> some form of easement with the airport Owner.  Every effort should be
> made, during the initial design phase, to coordinate the proposed
> contract work with such owners so that their rights and obligations
> are provided for the in the contract, plans, and specifications. 
> Where there is conflict between an existing utility service (or
> facility) and the proposed work or where the owner of the utility or
> facility must perform work to construct, reconstruct, or maintain
> his/her utility or facility, such work should be listed in this
> subsection and provided for in the contract, plans and
> specifications.  In addition, all known utility services or facilities
> that are within the limits of the proposed work should be shown on the
> plans (regardless of whether or not there is a conflict of work to be
> performed by the owner) with enough detailed information to indicate
> the lack of conflicts.**

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**70-05 FEDERAL AID PARTICIPATION**.  For AIP contracts, the United
States Government has agreed to reimburse the Owner for some portion of
the contract costs.  Such reimbursement is made from time to time upon
the Owner\'s request to the FAA.  In consideration of the United States
Government\'s (FAA\'s) agreement with the Owner, the Owner has included
provisions in this contract pursuant to the requirements of Title 49 of
the United States Code (USC) and the Rules and Regulations of the FAA
that pertain to the work.

As required by the USC, the contract work is subject to the inspection
and approval of duly authorized representatives of the Administrator,
FAA, and is further subject to those provisions of the rules and
regulations that are cited in the contract, plans, or specifications.

No requirement of the USC, the rules and regulations implementing the
USC, or this contract shall be construed as making the Federal
Government a party to the contract nor will any such requirement
interfere, in any way, with the rights of either party to the contract.

**70-06 SANITARY, HEALTH, AND SAFETY PROVISIONS**.  The Contractor shall
provide and maintain in a neat, sanitary condition such accommodations
for the use of his/her employees as may be necessary to comply with the
requirements of the state and local Board of Health, or of other bodies
or tribunals having jurisdiction.

Attention is directed to Federal, state, and local laws, rules and
regulations concerning construction safety and health standards.  The
Contractor shall not require any worker to work in surroundings or under
conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to his/her
health or safety.

**70-07 PUBLIC CONVENIENCE AND SAFETY**.  The Contractor shall control
his/her operations and those of his/her subcontractors and all
suppliers, to assure the least inconvenience to the traveling public. 
Under all circumstances, safety shall be the most important
consideration.

The Contractor shall maintain the free and unobstructed movement of
aircraft and vehicular traffic with respect to his/her own operations
and those of his/her subcontractors and all suppliers in accordance with
the subsection titled MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC of Section 40 hereinbefore
specified and shall limit such operations for the convenience and safety
of the traveling public as specified in the subsection titled LIMITATION
OF OPERATIONS of Section 80 hereinafter.

**70-08 BARRICADES, WARNING SIGNS, AND HAZARD MARKINGS**.  The
Contractor shall furnish, erect, and maintain all barricades, warning
signs, and markings for hazards necessary to protect the public and the
work.  When used during periods of darkness, such barricades, warning
signs, and hazard markings shall be suitably illuminated. Unless
otherwise specified, barricades, warning signs, and markings for hazards
that are in the air operations area shall be a maximum of 18 inches
high. Unless otherwise specified, barricades shall be spaced not more
than 25 feet apart. Barricades, warning signs, and markings shall be
paid for under Section 40-05.

For vehicular and pedestrian traffic, the Contractor shall furnish,
erect, and maintain barricades, warning signs, lights and other traffic
control devices in reasonable conformity with the Manual of Uniform
Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (published by the
United States Government Printing Office).

When the work requires closing an air operations area of the airport or
portion of such area, the Contractor shall furnish, erect, and maintain
temporary markings and associated lighting conforming to the
requirements of  AC 150/5340-1, Standards for Airport Markings.

The Contractor shall furnish, erect, and maintain markings and
associated lighting of open trenches, excavations, temporary stock
piles, and his/her parked construction equipment that may be hazardous
to the operation of emergency fire-rescue or maintenance vehicles on the
airport in reasonable conformance to AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety
on Airports During Construction.

The Contractor shall identify each motorized vehicle or piece of
construction equipment in reasonable conformance to AC 150/5370-2.

The Contractor shall furnish and erect all barricades, warning signs,
and markings for hazards prior to commencing work that requires such
erection and shall maintain the barricades, warning signs, and markings
for hazards until their dismantling is directed by the Engineer.

Open-flame type lights shall not be permitted within the air operations
areas of the airport.

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> **To ensure that the contract contains current information as to
> barricades and warning signs, marking of paved areas on airports, and
> safety on airports during construction, the latest editions of the
> cited publications should be specified.  Some Owners will prefer to
> extract the provisions of the cited publications that are applicable
> to the contract specifications being prepared.**

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**70-09 USE OF EXPLOSIVES**.  When the use of explosives is necessary
for the prosecution of the work, the Contractor shall exercise the
utmost care not to endanger life or property, including new work.  The
Contractor shall be responsible for all damage resulting from the use of
explosives.

All explosives shall be stored in a secure manner in compliance with all
laws and ordinances, and all such storage places shall be clearly
marked.  Where no local laws or ordinances apply, storage shall be
provided satisfactory to the Engineer and, in general, not closer than
1,000 feet (300 m) from the work or from any building, road, or other
place of human occupancy.

The Contractor shall notify each property owner and public utility
company having structures or facilities in proximity to the site of the
work of his/her intention to use explosives.  Such notice shall be given
sufficiently in advance to enable them to take such steps as they may
deem necessary to protect their property from injury.

The use of electrical blasting caps shall not be permitted on or within
1,000 feet (300 m) of the airport property.

**70-10 PROTECTION AND RESTORATION OF PROPERTY AND LANDSCAPE**.  The
Contractor shall be responsible for the preservation of all public and
private property, and shall protect carefully from disturbance or damage
all land monuments and property markers until the Engineer has witnessed
or otherwise referenced their location and shall not move them until
directed.

The Contractor shall be responsible for all damage or injury to property
of any character, during the prosecution of the work, resulting from any
act, omission, neglect, or misconduct in his/her manner or method of
executing the work, or at any time due to defective work or materials,
and said responsibility will not be released until the project shall
have been completed and accepted.

When or where any direct or indirect damage or injury is done to public
or private property by or on account of any act, omission, neglect, or
misconduct in the execution of the work, or in consequence of the
nonexecution thereof by the Contractor, he shall restore, at his/her own
expense, such property to a condition similar or equal to that existing
before such damage or injury was done, by repairing, or otherwise
restoring as may be directed, or he shall make good such damage or
injury in an acceptable manner.

**70-11 RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGE CLAIMS**.  The Contractor shall
indemnify and save harmless the Engineer and the Owner and their
officers, and employees from all suits actions, or claims of any
character brought because of any injuries or damage received or
sustained by any person, persons, or property on account of the
operations of the Contractor; or on account of or in consequence of any
neglect in safeguarding the work; or through use of unacceptable
materials in constructing the work; or because of any act or omission,
neglect, or misconduct of said Contractor; or because of any claims or
amounts recovered from any infringements of patent, trademark, or
copyright; or from any claims or amounts arising or recovered under the
\`\`Workmen\'s Compensation Act,\'\' or any other law, ordinance, order,
or decree.  Money due the Contractor under and by virtue of his/her
contract as may be considered necessary by the Owner for such purpose
may be retained for the use of the Owner or, in case no money is due,
his/her surety may be held until such suit(s), action(s), or claim(s)
for injuries or damages as aforesaid shall have been settled and
suitable evidence to that effect furnished to the Owner, except that
money due the Contractor will not be withheld when the Contractor
produces satisfactory evidence that he is adequately protected by public
liability and property damage insurance.

**70-12 THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY CLAUSE**.  It is specifically agreed
between the parties executing the contract that it is not intended by
any of the provisions of any part of the contract to create the public
or any member thereof a third party beneficiary or to authorize anyone
not a party to the contract to maintain a suit for personal injuries or
property damage pursuant to the terms or provisions of the contract.

**70-13 OPENING SECTIONS OF THE WORK TO TRAFFIC**.  Should it be
necessary for the Contractor to complete portions of the contract work
for the beneficial occupancy of the Owner prior to completion of the
entire contract, such \`\`phasing\'\' of the work shall be specified
herein and indicated on the plans.  When so specified, the Contractor
shall complete such portions of the work on or before the date specified
or as otherwise specified.  The Contractor shall make his/her own
estimate of the difficulties involved in arranging his/her work to
permit such beneficial occupancy by the Owner as described below:

> Phase or Description
>
> Required Date or Sequence of Owner\'s Beneficial Occupancy
>
> Work Shown on Plan Sheet

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> **The Owner\'s requirements for \`\`phasing\'\' the work should be
> coordinated with certain agencies having an interest in operational
> capability of the airport.  Such coordination must be accomplished at
> the earliest possible time.  See AC 150/5300-9, Predesign, Prebid, and
> Preconstruction Conferences for Airport Grant Projects, for more
> information.**
>
> **The Engineer should include a section on airport safety in the bid
> documents that has, as a minimum, the information contained in the
> appendix of AC150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During
> Construction.**

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Upon completion of any portion of the work listed above, such portion
shall be accepted by the Owner in accordance with the subsection titled
PARTIAL ACCEPTANCE of Section 50.

No portion of the work may be opened by the Contractor for public use
until ordered by the Engineer in writing.  Should it become necessary to
open a portion of the work to public traffic on a temporary or
intermittent basis, such openings shall be made when, in the opinion of
the Engineer, such portion of the work is in an acceptable condition to
support the intended traffic.  Temporary or intermittent openings are
considered to be inherent in the work and shall not constitute either
acceptance of the portion of the work so opened or a waiver of any
provision of the contract.  Any damage to the portion of the work so
opened that is not attributable to traffic which is permitted by the
Owner shall be repaired by the Contractor at his/her expense.

The Contractor shall make his/her own estimate of the inherent
difficulties involved in completing the work under the conditions herein
described and shall not claim any added compensation by reason of delay
or increased cost due to opening a portion of the contract work.

Contractor shall be required to conform to safety standards contained AC
150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction (See
Special Provisions.)

Contractor shall refer to the approved safety plan to identify barricade
requirements and other safety requirements prior to opening up sections
of work to traffic.

**70-14 CONTRACTOR\'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR WORK**.  Until the Engineer\'s
final written acceptance of the entire completed work, excepting only
those portions of the work accepted in accordance with the subsection
titled PARTIAL ACCEPTANCE of Section 50, the Contractor shall have the
charge and care thereof and shall take every precaution against injury
or damage to any part due to the action of the elements or from any
other cause, whether arising from the execution or from the
non-execution of the work.  The Contractor shall rebuild, repair,
restore, and make good all injuries or damages to any portion of the
work occasioned by any of the above causes before final acceptance and
shall bear the expense thereof except damage to the work due to
unforeseeable causes beyond the control of and without the fault or
negligence of the Contractor, including but not restricted to acts of
God such as earthquake, tidal wave, tornado, hurricane or other
cataclysmic phenomenon of nature, or acts of the public enemy or of
government authorities.

If the work is suspended for any cause whatever, the Contractor shall be
responsible for the work and shall take such precautions necessary to
prevent damage to the work.  The Contractor shall provide for normal
drainage and shall erect necessary temporary structures, signs, or other
facilities at his/her expense.  During such period of suspension of
work, the Contractor shall properly and continuously maintain in an
acceptable growing condition all living material in newly established
planting, seedings, and soddings furnished under his/her contract, and
shall take adequate precautions to protect new tree growth and other
important vegetative growth against injury.

**70-15 CONTRACTOR\'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR UTILITY SERVICE AND FACILITIES
OF OTHERS**.  As provided in the subsection titled RESTORATION OF
SURFACES DISTURBED BY OTHERS of this section, the Contractor shall
cooperate with the owner of any public or private utility service, FAA
or NOAA, or a utility service of another government agency that may be
authorized by the owner to construct, reconstruct or maintain such
utility services or facilities during the progress of the work.  In
addition, the Contractor shall control his/her operations to prevent the
unscheduled interruption of such utility services and facilities.

To the extent that such public or private utility services, FAA, or NOAA
facilities, or utility services of another governmental agency are known
to exist within the limits of the contract work, the approximate
locations have been indicated on the plans and the owners are indicated
as follows:

Utility Service or Facility

Person to Contract (Name, Title, Address, & Phone)

Owner\'s Emergency Contact (Phone)

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> **It is intended that the plans will show the approximate location of
> the utilities or facilities known to exist within the limits of the
> contract work.  It is also intended that the proposed contract plans
> and specifications be coordinated with the various owners at the
> earliest possible time to avoid overlooking utility conflicts in the
> design and to obtain the best possible information needed to protect
> such utility services or facilities from damage resulting from the
> Contractor\'s operations.  Where conflicts are indicated during the
> coordination, they should be resolved by the airport Owner and the
> utility owner, in accordance with existing legal agreements, by
> providing for work in the proposed contract or by the utility owner. 
> In such cases of conflict, regardless of how the conflict is resolved,
> the airport Owner and utility owner should also be advised of the need
> to furnish the best information possible as to location of the utility
> service or facility to ensure protection during the proposed contract
> work.**

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It is understood and agreed that the Owner does not guarantee the
accuracy or the completeness of the location information relating to
existing utility services, facilities, or structures that may be shown
on the plans or encountered in the work.  Any inaccuracy or omission in
such information shall not relieve the Contractor of his/her
responsibility to protect such existing features from damage or
unscheduled interruption of service.

It is further understood and agreed that the Contractor shall, upon
execution of the contract, notify the owners of all utility services or
other facilities of his/her plan of operations.  Such notification shall
be in writing addressed to THE PERSON TO CONTACT as provided
hereinbefore in this subsection and the subsection titled RESTORATION OF
SURFACES DISTURBED BY OTHERS of this section.  A copy of each
notification shall be given to the Engineer.

In addition to the general written notification hereinbefore provided,
it shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to keep such individual
owners advised of changes in his/her plan of operations that would
affect such owners.

Prior to commencing the work in the general vicinity of an existing
utility service or facility, the Contractor shall again notify each such
owner of his/her plan of operation.  If, in the Contractor\'s opinion,
the owner\'s assistance is needed to locate the utility service or
facility or the presence of a representative of the owner is desirable
to observe the work, such advice should be included in the
notification.  Such notification shall be given by the most expeditious
means to reach the utility owner\'s PERSON TO CONTACT no later than two
normal business days prior to the Contractor\'s commencement of
operations in such general vicinity.  The Contractor shall furnish a
written summary of the notification to the Engineer.

The Contractor\'s failure to give the two day\'s notice hereinabove
provided shall be cause for the Owner to suspend the Contractor\'s
operations in the general vicinity of a utility service or facility.

Where the outside limits of an underground utility service have been
located and staked on the ground, the Contractor shall be required to
use excavation methods acceptable to the Engineer within 3 feet (90 cm) 
of such outside limits at such points as may be required to ensure
protection from damage due to the Contractor\'s operations.

Should the Contractor damage or interrupt the operation of a utility
service or facility by accident or otherwise, he shall immediately
notify the proper authority and the Engineer and shall take all
reasonable measures to prevent further damage or interruption of
service.  The Contractor, in such events, shall cooperate with the
utility service or facility owner and the Engineer continuously until
such damage has been repaired and service restored to the satisfaction
of the utility or facility owner.

The Contractor shall bear all costs of damage and restoration of service
to any utility service or facility due to his/her operations whether or
not due to negligence or accident.  The Owner reserves the right to
deduct such costs from any monies due or which may become due the
Contractor, or his/her surety.

**70-15.1 FAA FACILITIES AND CABLE RUNS.** The Contractor is hereby
advised that the construction limits of the project include existing
facilities and buried cable runs that are owned, operated and maintained
by the FAA. The Contractor, during the prosecution of the project work,
shall comply with the following:

a.  The Contractor shall permit FAA maintenance personnel the right of
    access to the project work site for purposes of inspecting and
    maintaining all existing FAA owned facilities.

b.  The Contractor shall notify the above named FAA Airway Facilities
    Point-of-Contact seven (7) calendar days prior to commencement of
    construction activities in order to permit sufficient time to locate
    and mark existing buried cables and to schedule any required
    facility outages.

c.  If prosecution of the project work requires a facility outage, the
    Contractor shall contact the above named FAA Point-of-Contact a
    minimum of 48 hours prior to the time of the required outage.

d.  If prosecution of the project work results in damages to existing
    FAA equipment or cables, the Contractor shall repair the damaged
    item in conformance with FAA Airway Facilities' standards to the
    satisfaction of the above named FAA Point-of-Contact.

e.  If the project work requires the cutting or splicing of FAA owned
    cables, the above named FAA Point-of-Contact shall be contacted a
    minimum of 48 hours prior to the time the cable work commences. The
    FAA reserves the right to have a FAA Airway Facilities
    representative on site to observe the splicing of the cables as a
    condition of acceptance. All cable splices are to be accomplished in
    accordance with FAA Airway Facilities' specifications and require
    approval by the above named FAA Point-of-Contact as a condition of
    acceptance by the Owner. The Contractor is hereby advised that FAA
    Airway Facilities restricts the location of where splices may be
    installed. If a cable splice is required in a location that is not
    permitted by FAA Airway Facilities, the Contractor shall furnish and
    install a sufficient length of new cable that eliminates the need
    for any splice.

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> **The Engineer should include subsection 70-15.1 when existing FAA
> owned facilities and/or cable runs are located within the construction
> limits.**

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**70-16 FURNISHING RIGHTS-OF-WAY**.  The Owner will be responsible for
furnishing all rights-of-way upon which the work is to be constructed in
advance of the Contractor\'s operations.

**70-17 PERSONAL LIABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS**.  In carrying out any
of the contract provisions or in exercising any power or authority
granted to him by this contract, there shall be no liability upon the
Engineer, his/her authorized representatives, or any officials of the
Owner either personally or as an official of the Owner.  It is
understood that in such matters they act solely as agents and
representatives of the Owner.

**70-18 NO WAIVER OF LEGAL RIGHTS**.  Upon completion of the work, the
Owner will expeditiously make final inspection and notify the Contractor
of final acceptance.  Such final acceptance, however, shall not preclude
or stop the Owner from correcting any measurement, estimate, or
certificate made before or after completion of the work, nor shall the
Owner be precluded or stopped from recovering from the Contractor or
his/her surety, or both, such overpayment as may be sustained, or by
failure on the part of the Contractor to fulfill his/her obligations
under the contract.  A waiver on the part of the Owner of any breach of
any part of the contract shall not be held to be a waiver of any other
or subsequent breach.

The Contractor, without prejudice to the terms of the contract, shall be
liable to the Owner for latent defects, fraud, or such gross mistakes as
may amount to fraud, or as regards the owner\'s rights under any
warranty or guaranty.

**70-19 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION**.  The Contractor shall comply with
all Federal, state, and local laws and regulations controlling pollution
of the environment.  He shall take necessary precautions to prevent
pollution of streams, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs with fuels, oils,
bitumens, chemicals, or other harmful materials and to prevent pollution
of the atmosphere from particulate and gaseous matter.

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> **For AIP contracts, the contract provisions required to mitigate the
> environmental consequences of the contract work should be specified in
> the contract specifications as required generally and specifically by
> the Environmental Impact Statement or Assessment Report for the
> particular AIP project.**

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**70-20 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL FINDINGS**.  Unless otherwise
specified in this subsection, the Contractor is advised that the site of
the work is not within any property, district, or site, and does not
contain any building, structure, or object listed in the current
National Register of Historic Places published by the United States
Department of Interior.

Should the Contractor encounter, during his/her operations, any
building, part of a building, structure, or object that is incongruous
with its surroundings, he shall immediately cease operations in that
location and notify the Engineer.  The Engineer will immediately
investigate the Contractor\'s finding and the Owner will direct the
Contractor to either resume his/her operations or to suspend operations
as directed.

Should the Owner order suspension of the Contractor\'s operations in
order to protect an archaeological or historical finding, or order the
Contractor to perform extra work, such shall be covered by an
appropriate contract modification (change order or supplemental
agreement) as provided in the subsection titled EXTRA WORK of Section 40
and the subsection titled PAYMENT FOR EXTRA WORK AND FORCE ACCOUNT WORK
of Section 90.  If appropriate, the contract modification shall include
an extension of contract time in accordance with the subsection titled 
DETERMINATION AND EXTENSION OF CONTRACT TIME of Section 80.

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> **The contract language suggested in subsection 70-20 is intended to
> remind Owners of airports that proper planning will prevent
> construction delays that may be caused when objects of archaeological
> or historical significance are encountered in the work.  Airport
> Owners should include in their planning the coordination with state
> and local planning bodies as may be required by state and local laws
> pertaining to the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966.**
>
> **As a general rule, disposition of known archaeological or historic
> objects that are situated on the site of the work should be covered by
> a separate contract when such disposition is required as a part of FAA
> project approval.**

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**END OF SECTION 70**

### **SECTION 80 PROSECUTION AND PROGRESS**

**80-01 SUBLETTING OF CONTRACT**.  The Owner will not recognize any
subcontractor on the work.  The Contractor shall at all times when work
is in progress be represented either in person, by a qualified
superintendent, or by other designated, qualified representative who is
duly authorized to receive and execute orders of the Engineer.

Should the Contractor elect to assign his/her contract, said assignment
shall be concurred in by the surety, shall be presented for the
consideration and approval of the Owner, and shall be consummated only
on the written approval of the Owner.  In case of approval, the
Contractor shall file copies of all subcontracts with the Engineer.

The Contractor shall perform, with his organization, an amount of work
equal to at least \[ \] percent of the total contract cost.

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> **The engineer should determine the percentage of work to be performed
> by the prime contractor on a project basis (typically at least 25
> percent).**

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**80-02 NOTICE TO PROCEED**.  The notice to proceed shall state the date
on which it is expected the Contractor will begin the construction and
from which date contract time will be charged.  The Contractor shall
begin the work to be performed under the contract within 10 days of the
date set by the Engineer in the written notice to proceed, but in any
event, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 24 hours in
advance of the time actual construction operations will begin.

**80-03 PROSECUTION AND PROGRESS**.  Unless otherwise specified, the
Contractor shall submit his/her progress schedule for the Engineer\'s
approval within 10 days after the effective date of the notice to
proceed.  The Contractor\'s progress schedule, when approved by the
Engineer, may be used to establish major construction operations and to
check on the progress of the work.  The Contractor shall provide
sufficient materials, equipment, and labor to guarantee the completion
of the project in accordance with the plans and specifications within
the time set forth in the proposal.

If the Contractor falls significantly behind the submitted schedule, the
Contractor shall, upon the Engineer\'s request, submit a revised
schedule for completion of the work within the contract time and modify
his/her operations to provide such additional materials, equipment, and
labor necessary to meet the revised schedule.  Should the prosecution of
the work be discontinued for any reason, the Contractor shall notify the
Engineer at least 24 hours in advance of resuming operations.

For AIP contracts, the Contractor shall not commence any actual
construction prior to the date on which the notice to proceed is issued
by the Owner.

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> **It is important that the Owner issue the notice to proceed for AIP
> contracts because any actual construction work, performed prior to the
> execution of a grant agreement, (between the owner and the FAA) would
> be ineligible for FAA participation in its cost.**

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**80-04 LIMITATION OF OPERATIONS**.  The Contractor shall control
his/her operations and the operations of his/her subcontractors and all
suppliers so as to provide for the free and unobstructed movement of
aircraft in the AIR OPERATIONS AREAS of the airport.

When the work requires the Contractor to conduct his/her operations
within an AIR OPERATIONS AREA of the airport, the work shall be
coordinated with airport operations (through the Engineer) at least 48
hours prior to commencement of such work.  The Contractor shall not
close an AIR OPERATIONS AREA until so authorized by the Engineer and
until the necessary temporary marking and associated lighting is in
place as provided in the subsection titled BARRICADES, WARNING SIGNS,
AND HAZARD MARKINGS of Section 70.

When the contract work requires the Contractor to work within an AIR
OPERATIONS AREA (AOA) of the airport on an intermittent basis
(intermittent opening and closing of the AIR OPERATIONS AREA), the
Contractor shall maintain constant communications as hereinafter
specified; immediately obey all instructions to vacate the AIR
OPERATIONS AREA; immediately obey all instructions to resume work in
such AIR OPERATIONS AREA.  Failure to maintain the specified
communications or to obey instructions shall be cause for suspension of
the Contractor\'s operations in the AIR OPERATIONS AREA until the
satisfactory conditions are provided.  The following AIR OPERATIONS AREA
cannot be closed to operating aircraft to permit the Contractor\'s
operations on a continuous basis and will therefore be closed to
aircraft operations intermittently as follows:

> AOA
>
> TIME PERIODS AOA CAN BE CLOSED
>
> TYPE OF COMMUNICATIONS REQUIRED WHEN WORKING IN AN AOA
>
> CONTROL AUTHORITY

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> **It is intended that the contract provisions which limit the
> Contractor\'s operations be specified for all AIR OPERATIONS AREAS of
> the airport that are not intended to be closed to permit continuous
> construction operations.  These contract provisions vary widely from
> airport to airport and require careful coordination (during the early
> stages of designing the work) with the Owner, FAA, and the users of
> the airport.  AC 150/5300-9, Predesign, Prebid, and Preconstruction
> Conferences for Airport Grant Projects, contains additional
> information on this subject.**
>
> **The Engineer should include a section on airport safety in the bid
> documents that has , as a minimum, the information contained in the
> appendix of AC150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During
> Construction.**

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Contractor shall be required to conform to safety standards contained in
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction (See
Special Provisions).

**80-04.1 OPERATIONAL SAFETY ON AIRPORT DURING CONSTRUCTION.** All
Contractors' operations shall be conducted in accordance with the
project safety plan and the provisions set forth within the current
version of Advisory Circular 150/5370-2. The safety plan included within
the contract documents conveys minimum requirements for operational
safety on the airport during construction activities. The Contractor
shall prepare and submit a plan that details how it proposes to comply
with the requirements presented within the safety plan.

The Contractor shall implement all necessary safety plan measures prior
to commencement of any work activity. The Contractor shall conduct
routine checks of the safety plan measures to assure compliance with the
safety plan measures.

The Contractor is responsible to the Owner for the conduct of all
subcontractors it employs on the project. The Contractor shall assure
that all subcontractors are made aware of the requirements of the safety
plan and that they implement and maintain all necessary measures.

No deviation or modifications may be made to the approved safety plan
unless approved in writing by the Owner or Engineer.

**80-05 CHARACTER OF WORKERS, METHODS, AND EQUIPMENT**.  The Contractor
shall, at all times, employ sufficient labor and equipment for
prosecuting the work to full completion in the manner and time required
by the contract, plans, and specifications.

All workers shall have sufficient skill and experience to perform
properly the work assigned to them.  Workers engaged in special work or
skilled work shall have sufficient experience in such work and in the
operation of the equipment required to perform the work satisfactorily.

Any person employed by the Contractor or by any subcontractor who
violates any operational regulations and, in the opinion of the
Engineer, does not perform his work in a proper and skillful manner or
is intemperate or disorderly shall, at the written request of the
Engineer, be removed forthwith by the Contractor or subcontractor
employing such person, and shall not be employed again in any portion of
the work without approval of the Engineer.

Should the Contractor fail to remove such persons or person, or fail to
furnish suitable and sufficient personnel for the proper prosecution of
the work, the Engineer may suspend the work by written notice until
compliance with such orders.

All equipment that is proposed to be used on the work shall be of
sufficient size and in such mechanical condition as to met requirements
of the work and to produce a satisfactory quality of work.  Equipment
used on any portion of the work shall be such that no injury to
previously completed work, adjacent property, or existing airport
facilities will result from its use.

When the methods and equipment to be used by the Contractor in
accomplishing the work are not prescribed in the contract, the
Contractor is free to use any methods or equipment that will accomplish
the work in conformity with the requirements of the contract, plans, and
specifications.

When the contract specifies the use of certain methods and equipment,
such methods and equipment shall be used unless others are authorized by
the Engineer.  If the Contractor desires to use a method or type of
equipment other than specified in the contract, he may request authority
from the Engineer to do so.  The request shall be in writing and shall
include a full description of the methods and equipment proposed and of
the reasons for desiring to make the change.  If approval is given, it
will be on the condition that the Contractor will be fully responsible
for producing work in conformity with contract requirements.  If, after
trial use of the substituted methods or equipment, the Engineer
determines that the work produced does not meet contract requirements,
the Contractor shall discontinue the use of the substitute method or
equipment and shall complete the remaining work with the specified
methods and equipment.  The Contractor shall remove any deficient work
and replace it with work of specified quality, or take such other
corrective action as the Engineer may direct.  No change will be made in
basis of payment for the contract items involved nor in contract time as
a result of authorizing a change in methods or equipment under this
subsection.

**80-06 TEMPORARY SUSPENSION OF THE WORK**.  The Owner shall have the
authority to suspend the work wholly, or in part, for such period or
periods as he may deem necessary, due to unsuitable weather, or such
other conditions as are considered unfavorable for the prosecution of
the work, or for such time as is necessary due to the failure on the
part of the Contractor to carry out orders given or perform any or all
provisions of the contract.

In the event that the Contractor is ordered by the Owner, in writing, to
suspend work for some unforeseen cause not otherwise provided for in the
contract and over which the Contractor has no control, the Contractor
may be reimbursed for actual money expended on the work during the
period of shutdown.  No allowance will be made for anticipated profits. 
The period of shutdown shall be computed from the effective date of the
Engineer\'s order to suspend work to the effective date of the
Engineer\'s order to resume the work.  Claims for such compensation
shall be filed with the Engineer within the time period stated in the
Engineer\'s order to resume work.  The Contractor shall submit with
his/her claim information substantiating the amount shown on the claim. 
The Engineer will forward the Contractor\'s claim to the Owner for
consideration in accordance with local laws or ordinances.  No provision
of this article shall be construed as entitling the Contractor to
compensation for delays due to inclement weather, for suspensions made
at the request of the Owner, or for any other delay provided for in the
contract, plans, or specifications.

If it should become necessary to suspend work for an indefinite period,
the Contractor shall store all materials in such manner that they will
not become an obstruction nor become damaged in any way.  He shall take
every precaution to prevent damage or deterioration of the work
performed and provide for normal drainage of the work.  The Contractor
shall erect temporary structures where necessary to provide for traffic
on, to, or from the airport.

**80-07 DETERMINATION AND EXTENSION OF CONTRACT TIME**.  The number of
calendar or working days allowed for completion of the work shall be
stated in the proposal and contract and shall be known as the CONTRACT
TIME.

Should the contract time require extension for reasons beyond the
Contractor\'s control, it shall be adjusted as follows:

**a.** CONTRACT TIME based on WORKING DAYS shall be calculated weekly by
the Engineer.  The Engineer will furnish the Contractor a copy of
his/her weekly statement of the number of working days charged against
the contract time during the week and the number of working days
currently specified for completion of the contract (the original
contract time plus the number of working days, if any, that have been
included in approved CHANGE ORDERS or SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENTS covering
EXTRA WORK).

The Engineer shall base his/her weekly statement of contract time
charged on the following considerations:

**(1)**  No time shall be charged for days on which the Contractor is
unable to proceed with the principal item of work under construction at
the time for at least 6 hours with the normal work force employed on
such principal item.  Should the normal work force be on a double-shift,
12 hours shall be used.  Should the normal work force be on a
triple-shift, 18 hours shall apply.  Conditions beyond the Contractor\'s
control such as strikes, lockouts, unusual delays in transportation,
temporary suspension of the principal item of work under construction or
temporary suspension of the entire work which have been ordered by the
Owner for reasons not the fault of the Contractor, shall not be charged
against the contract time.

**(2)**  The Engineer will not make charges against the contract time
prior to the effective date of the notice to proceed.

**(3)**  The Engineer will begin charges against the contract time on
the first working day after the effective date of the notice to proceed.

**(4)**  The Engineer will not make charges against the contract time
after the date of final acceptance as defined in the subsection titled
FINAL ACCEPTANCE of Section 50.

**(5)**  The Contractor will be allowed 1 week in which to file a
written protest setting forth his/her objections to the Engineer\'s
weekly statement.  If no objection is filed within such specified time,
the weekly statement shall be considered as acceptable to the
Contractor.

The contract time (stated in the proposal) is based on the originally
estimated quantities as described in the subsection titled
INTERPRETATION OF ESTIMATED PROPOSAL QUANTITIES of Section 20.  Should
the satisfactory completion of the contract require performance of work
in greater quantities than those estimated in the proposal, the contract
time shall be increased in the same proportion as the cost of the
actually completed quantities bears to the cost of the originally
estimated quantities in the proposal.  Such increase in contract time
shall not consider either the cost of work or the extension of contract
time that has been covered by change order or supplemental agreement and
shall be made at the time of final payment.

**b.**  CONTRACT TIME based on CALENDAR DAYS shall consist of the number
of calendar days stated in the contract counting from the effective date
of the notice to proceed and including all Saturdays, Sundays, holidays,
and nonwork days.  All calendar days elapsing between the effective
dates of the Owner\'s orders to suspend and resume all work, due to
causes not the fault of the Contractor, shall be excluded.

At the time of final payment, the contract time shall be increased in
the same proportion as the cost of the actually completed quantities
bears to the cost of the originally estimated quantities in the
proposal.  Such increase in the contract time shall not consider either
cost of work or the extension of contract time that has been covered by
a change order or supplemental agreement.  Charges against the contract
time will cease as of the date of final acceptance.

**c.**  When the contract time is a specified completion date, it shall
be the date on which all contract work shall be substantially completed.

If the Contractor finds it impossible for reasons beyond his/her control
to complete the work within the contract time as specified, or as
extended in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, he may,
at any time prior to the expiration of the contract time as extended,
make a written request to the Engineer for an extension of time setting
forth the reasons which he believes will justify the granting of his/her
request.  Requests for extension of time on calendar day projects,
caused by inclement weather, shall be supported with National Weather
Bureau data showing the actual amount of inclement weather exceeded
which could normally be expected during the contract period. The
Contractor\'s plea that insufficient time was specified is not a valid
reason for extension of time.  If the Engineer finds that the work was
delayed because of conditions beyond the control and without the fault
of the Contractor, he may extend the time for completion in such amount
as the conditions justify.  The extended time for completion shall then
be in full force and effect, the same as though it were the original
time for completion.

**80-08 FAILURE TO COMPLETE ON TIME**.  For each calendar day or working
day, as specified in the contract, that any work remains uncompleted
after the contract time (including all extensions and adjustments as
provided in the subsection titled DETERMINATION AND EXTENSION OF
CONTRACT TIME of this Section) the sum specified in the contract and
proposal as liquidated damages will be deducted from any money due or to
become due the Contractor or his/her surety.  Such deducted sums shall
not be deducted as a penalty but shall be considered as liquidation of a
reasonable portion of damages including but not limited to additional
engineering services that will be incurred by the Owner should the
Contractor fail to complete the work in the time provided in his/her
contract.

  ----------------- -------------------------- --------------------------
  **SCHEDULE**      **LIQUIDATED DAMAGES       **ALLOWED CONSTRUCTION
                    COST**                     TIME**

                                               

                                               
  ----------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **The Engineer should list the liquidated damages cost per schedule
> and allowed construction time per schedule to clarify when more than
> one schedule of work is bid, or in the event all schedules bid cannot
> be awarded.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

The maximum construction time allowed for Schedules \[ \] will be the
sum of the time allowed for individual schedules but not more than \[ \]
days. (Note: this paragraph will be modified for each project.)

Permitting the Contractor to continue and finish the work or any part of
it after the time fixed for its completion, or after the date to which
the time for completion may have been extended, will in no way operate
as a wavier on the part of the Owner of any of its rights under the
contract.

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **The contract time is an essential part of each contract for
> construction on airports and should be considered carefully in the
> preparation of plans and specifications.**
>
> **In selecting the method of specifying the contract time (working
> days, calendar days, or a specified completion date), the primary
> consideration should be the impact on the operations of the airport
> should the Contractor be unable to complete the work within the time
> specified.  These considerations should be coordinated with the
> airport users as indicated in AC 150/5300-9, Predesign, Prebid, and
> Preconstruction Conferences for Airport Grant Projects.**
>
> **The amount of liquidated damages to be specified should be tailored
> to each contract and should be based on the cost per day incurred by
> the Owner should the Contractor overrun the contract time.  For large
> airports (where the impact on airport operations may be great), it is
> not practical for the Owner to attempt to recover all loss of revenue
> through liquidated damages.  Consequently, the amount of liquidated
> damages specified must be balanced somewhere between the cost per day
> incurred for a time overrun and the cost that bidders would have to
> add to their bids to cover the contingency of a time overrun.**
>
> **Generally speaking, contract time is based on working days when
> completion is not critical to operation of the airport.  As the impact
> on airport operations increases, the use of calendar days will give
> more control.  Use of a specified completion date should be used only
> in cases where the construction operations require long-range
> rescheduling of airport operations.  Also, generally speaking, the
> amount of liquidated damages would be greater for a calendar day
> contract than for a working day contract and would be greatest for a
> specified completion date contract.**

**\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

**80-09 DEFAULT AND TERMINATION OF CONTRACT**.  The Contractor shall be
considered in default of his/her contract and such default will be
considered as cause for the Owner to terminate the contract for any of
the following reasons if the Contractor:

**a.**  Fails to begin the work under the contract within the time
specified in the \`\`Notice to Proceed,\'\' or

**b.**  Fails to perform the work or fails to provide sufficient
workers, equipment or materials to assure completion of work in
accordance with the terms of the contract, or

**c.**  Performs the work unsuitably or neglects or refuses to remove
materials or to perform anew such work as may be rejected as
unacceptable and unsuitable, or

**d.**  Discontinues the prosecution of the work, or

**e.**  Fails to resume work which has been discontinued within a
reasonable time after notice to do so, or

**f.** Becomes insolvent or is declared bankrupt, or commits any act of
bankruptcy or insolvency, or

**g.**  Allows any final judgment to stand against him unsatisfied for a
period of 10 days, or

**h.**  Makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or

**i.**  For any other cause whatsoever, fails to carry on the work in an
acceptable manner.

Should the Engineer consider the Contractor in default of the contract
for any reason hereinbefore, he shall immediately give written notice to
the Contractor and the Contractor\'s surety as to the reasons for
considering the Contractor in default and the Owner\'s intentions to
terminate the contract.

If the Contractor or surety, within a period of 10 days after such
notice, does not proceed in accordance therewith, then the Owner will,
upon written notification from the Engineer of the facts of such delay,
neglect, or default and the Contractor\'s failure to comply with such
notice, have full power and authority without violating the contract, to
take the prosecution of the work out of the hands of the Contractor. 
The Owner may appropriate or use any or all materials and equipment that
have been mobilized for use in the work and are acceptable and may enter
into an agreement for the completion of said contract according to the
terms and provisions thereof, or use such other methods as in the
opinion of the Engineer will be required for the completion of said
contract in an acceptable manner.

All costs and charges incurred by the Owner, together with the cost of
completing the work under contract, will be deducted from any monies due
or which may become due the Contractor.  If such expense exceeds the sum
which would have been payable under the contract, then the Contractor
and the surety shall be liable and shall pay to the Owner the amount of
such excess.

**80-10 TERMINATION FOR NATIONAL EMERGENCIES**.  The Owner shall
terminate the contract or portion thereof by written notice when the
Contractor is prevented from proceeding with the construction contract
as a direct result of an Executive Order of the President with respect
to the prosecution of war or in the interest of national defense.

When the contract, or any portion thereof, is terminated before
completion of all items of work in the contract, payment will be made
for the actual number of units or items of work completed at the
contract price or as mutually agreed for items of work partially
completed or not started.  No claims or loss of anticipated profits
shall be considered.

Reimbursement for organization of the work, and other overhead expenses,
(when not otherwise included in the contract) and moving equipment and
materials to and from the job will be considered, the intent being that
an equitable settlement will be made with the Contractor.

Acceptable materials, obtained or ordered by the Contractor for the work
and that are not incorporated in the work shall, at the option of the
Contractor, be purchased from the Contractor at actual cost as shown by
receipted bills and actual cost records at such points of delivery as
may be designated by the Engineer.

Termination of the contract or a portion thereof shall neither relieve
the Contractor of his/her responsibilities for the completed work nor
shall it relieve his/her surety of its obligation for and concerning any
just claim arising out of the work performed.

**80-11 WORK AREA, STORAGE AREA AND SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS**.  The
Contractor shall obtain approval from the Engineer prior to beginning
any work in all areas of the airport. No operating runway, taxiway, or
Air Operations Area (AOA) shall be crossed, entered, or obstructed while
it is operational. The Contractor shall plan and coordinate his/her work
in such a manner as to insure safety and a minimum of hindrance to
flight operations. All Contractor equipment and material stockpiles
shall be stored a minimum or \[ \] feet from the centerline of an active
runway. No equipment will be allowed to park within the approach area of
an active runway at any time. No equipment shall be within \[ \] feet of
an active runway at any time.

**END OF SECTION 80**

**Intentionally Left Blank**

### **SECTION 90 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT**

**90-01 MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITIES**.  All work completed under the
contract will be measured by the Engineer, or his/her authorized
representatives, using United States Customary Units of Measurement or
the International System of Units.

The method of measurement and computations to be used in determination
of quantities of material furnished and of work performed under the
contract will be those methods generally recognized as conforming to
good engineering practice.

Unless otherwise specified, longitudinal measurements for area
computations will be made horizontally, and no deductions will be made
for individual fixtures (or leave-outs) having an area of 9 square feet
(0.8 square meter) or less.  Unless otherwise specified, transverse
measurements for area computations will be the neat dimensions shown on
the plans or ordered in writing by the Engineer.

Structures will be measured according to neat lines shown on the plans
or as altered to fit field conditions.

Unless otherwise specified, all contract items which are measured by the
linear foot such as electrical ducts, conduits, pipe culverts,
underdrains, and similar items shall be measured parallel to the base or
foundation upon which such items are placed.

In computing volumes of excavation the average end area method or other
acceptable methods will be used.

The thickness of plates and galvanized sheet used in the manufacture of
corrugated metal pipe, metal plate pipe culverts and arches, and metal
cribbing will be specified and measured in decimal fraction of inches.

The term \`\`ton\'\' will mean the short ton consisting of 2,000 pounds
(907 kilograms) avoirdupois.  All materials that are measured or
proportioned by weights shall be weighed on accurate, approved scales by
competent, qualified personnel at locations designed by the Engineer. 
If material is shipped by rail, the car weight may be accepted provided
that only the actual weight of material is paid for.  However, car
weights will not be acceptable for material to be passed through mixing
plants.  Trucks used to haul material being paid for by weight shall be
weighed empty daily at such times as the Engineer directs, and each
truck shall bear a plainly legible identification mark.

Materials to be measured by volume in the hauling vehicle shall be
hauled in approved vehicles and measured therein at the point of
delivery.  Vehicles for this purpose may be of any size or type
acceptable to the Engineer, provided that the body is of such shape that
the actual contents may be readily and accurately determined.  All
vehicles shall be loaded to at least their water level capacity, and all
loads shall be leveled when the vehicles arrive at the point of
delivery.

When requested by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer in
writing, material specified to be measured by the cubic yard (cubic
meter) may be weighed, and such weights will be converted to cubic yards
(cubic meters) for payment purposes.  Factors for conversion from weight
measurement to volume measurement will be determined by the Engineer and
shall be agreed to by the Contractor before such method of measurement
of pay quantities is used.

Bituminous materials will be measured by the gallon (liter) or ton
(kilogram).  When measured by volume, such volumes will be measured at
60 F (15 C) or will be corrected to the volume at 60 F (15 C) using ASTM
D 1250 for asphalts or ASTM D 633 for tars.

Net certified scale weights or weights based on certified volumes in the
case of rail shipments will be used as a basis of measurement, subject
to correction when bituminous material has been lost from the car or the
distributor, wasted, or otherwise not incorporated in the work.

When bituminous materials are shipped by truck or transport, net
certified weights by volume, subject to correction for loss or foaming,
may be used for computing quantities.

Cement will be measured by the ton (kilogram) or hundredweight
(kilogram).

Timber will be measured by the thousand feet board measure (M.F.B.M.)
actually incorporated in the structure.  Measurement will be based on
nominal widths and thicknesses and the extreme length of each piece.

The term \`\`lump sum\'\' when used as an item of payment will mean
complete payment for the work described in the contract.

When a complete structure or structural unit (in effect, \`\`lump
sum\'\' work) is specified as the unit of measurement, the unit will be
construed to include all necessary fittings and accessories.

Rental of equipment will be measured by time in hours of actual working
time and necessary traveling time of the equipment within the limits of
the work.  Special equipment ordered by the Engineer in connection with
force account work will be measured as agreed in the change order or
supplemental agreement authorizing such force account work as provided
in the subsection titled PAYMENT FOR EXTRA AND FORCE ACCOUNT WORK of
this section.

When standard manufactured items are specified such as fence, wire,
plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduit, etc., and these items are
identified by gage, unit weight, section dimensions, etc., such
identification will be considered to be nominal weights or dimensions. 
Unless more stringently controlled by tolerances in cited
specifications, manufacturing tolerances established by the industries
involved will be accepted.

Scales for weighing materials which are required to be proportioned or
measured and paid for by weight shall be furnished, erected, and
maintained by the Contractor, or be certified permanently installed
commercial scales.

Scales shall be accurate within one-half percent of the correct weight
throughout the range of use.  The Contractor shall have the scales
checked under the observation of the inspector before beginning work and
at such other times as requested.  The intervals shall be uniform in
spacing throughout the graduated or marked length of the beam or dial
and shall not exceed one-tenth of 1 percent of the nominal rated
capacity of the scale, but not less than 1 pound (454 grams).  The use
of spring balances will not be permitted.

Beams, dials, platforms, and other scale equipment shall be so arranged
that the operator and the inspector can safely and conveniently view
them.

Scale installations shall have available ten standard 50-pound (2.3
kilogram) weights for testing the weighing equipment or suitable weights
and devices for other approved equipment.

Scales must be tested for accuracy and serviced before use at a new
site.  Platform scales shall be installed and maintained with the
platform level and rigid bulkheads at each end.

Scales \`\`overweighing\'\' (indicating more than correct weight) will
not be permitted to operate, and all materials received subsequent to
the last previous correct weighting-accuracy test will be reduced by the
percentage of error in excess of one-half of 1 percent.

In the event inspection reveals the scales have been
\`\`underweighing\'\' (indicating less than correct weight), they shall
be adjusted, and no additional payment to the Contractor will be allowed
for materials previously weighed and recorded.

All costs in connection with furnishing, installing, certifying,
testing, and maintaining scales; for furnishing check weights and scale
house; and for all other items specified in this subsection, for the
weighing of materials for proportioning or payment, shall be included in
the unit contract prices for the various items of the project.

When the estimated quantities for a specific portion of the work are
designated as the pay quantities in the contract, they shall be the
final quantities for which payment for such specific portion of the work
will be made, unless the dimensions of said portions of the work shown
on the plans are revised by the Engineer.  If revised dimensions result
in an increase or decrease in the quantities of such work, the final
quantities for payment will be revised in the amount represented by the
authorized changes in the dimensions.

**90-02 SCOPE OF PAYMENT**.  The Contractor shall receive and accept
compensation provided for in the contract as full payment for furnishing
all materials, for performing all work under the contract in a complete
and acceptable manner, and for all risk, loss, damage, or expense of
whatever character arising out of the nature of the work or the
prosecution thereof, subject to the provisions of the subsection titled
NO WAIVER OF LEGAL RIGHTS of Section 70.

When the \`\`basis of payment\'\' subsection of a technical
specification requires that the contract price (price bid) include
compensation for certain work or material essential to the item, this
same work or material will not also be measured for payment under any
other contract item which may appear elsewhere in the contract, plans,
or specifications.

**90-03 COMPENSATION FOR ALTERED QUANTITIES**.  When the accepted
quantities of work vary from the quantities in the proposal, the
Contractor shall accept as payment in full, so far as contract items are
concerned, payment at the original contract price for the accepted
quantities of work actually completed and accepted.  No allowance,
except as provided for in the subsection titled ALTERATION OF WORK AND
QUANTITIES of Section 40 will be made for any increased expense, loss of
expected reimbursement, or loss of anticipated profits suffered or
claimed by the Contractor which results directly from such alterations
or indirectly from his/her unbalanced allocation of overhead and profit
among the contract items, or from any other cause.

**90-04 PAYMENT FOR OMITTED ITEMS**.  As specified in the subsection
titled OMITTED ITEMS of Section 40, the Engineer shall have the right to
omit from the work (order nonperformance) any contract item, except
major contract items, in the best interest of the Owner.

Should the Engineer omit or order nonperformance of a contract item or
portion of such item from the work, the Contractor shall accept payment
in full at the contract prices for any work actually completed and
acceptable prior to the Engineer\'s order to omit or nonperform such
contract item.

Acceptable materials ordered by the Contractor or delivered on the work
prior to the date of the Engineer\'s order will be paid for at the
actual cost to the Contractor and shall thereupon become the property of
the Owner.

In addition to the reimbursement hereinbefore provided, the Contractor
shall be reimbursed for all actual costs incurred for the purpose of
performing the omitted contract item prior to the date of the
Engineer\'s order.  Such additional costs incurred by the Contractor
must be directly related to the deleted contract item and shall be
supported by certified statements by the Contractor as to the nature the
amount of such costs.

**90-05 PAYMENT FOR EXTRA AND FORCE ACCOUNT WORK**.  Extra work,
performed in accordance with the subsection titled EXTRA WORK of Section
40, will be paid for at the contract prices or agreed prices specified
in the change order or supplemental agreement authorizing the extra
work.  When the change order or supplemental agreement authorizing the
extra work requires that it be done by force account, such force account
shall be measured and paid for based on expended labor, equipment, and
materials plus a negotiated and agreed upon allowance for overhead and
profit.

**a. Miscellaneous**.  No additional allowance will be made for general
superintendence, the use of small tools, or other costs for which no
specific allowance is herein provided.

**b. Comparison of Record**.  The Contractor and the Engineer shall
compare records of the cost of force account work at the end of each
day.  Agreement shall be indicated by signature of the Contractor and
the Engineer or their duly authorized representatives.

**c. Statement**.  No payment will be made for work performed on a force
account basis until the Contractor has furnished the Engineer with
duplicate itemized statements of the cost of such force account work
detailed as follows:

**(1)**  Name, classification, date, daily hours, total hours, rate and
extension for each laborer and foreman.

**(2)**  Designation, dates, daily hours, total hours, rental rate, and
extension for each unit of machinery and equipment.

**(3)**  Quantities of materials, prices, and extensions.

**(4)**  Transportation of materials.

**(5)**  Cost of property damage, liability and workman\'s compensation
insurance premiums, unemployment insurance contributions, and social
security tax.

Statements shall be accompanied and supported by a receipted invoice for
all materials used and transportation charges.  However, if materials
used on the force account work are not specifically purchased for such
work but are taken from the Contractor\'s stock, then in lieu of the
invoices the Contractor shall furnish an affidavit certifying that such
materials were taken from his/her stock, that the quantity claimed was
actually used, and that the price and transportation claimed represent
the actual cost to the Contractor.

**90-06 PARTIAL PAYMENTS**.  Partial payments will be made at least once
each month as the work progresses.  Said payments will be based upon
estimates prepared by the Engineer of the value of the work performed
and materials  complete in place in accordance with the contract, plans,
and specifications.  Such partial payments may also include the
delivered actual cost of those materials stockpiled and stored in
accordance with the subsection titled PAYMENT FOR MATERIALS ON HAND of
this section.

No partial payment will be made when the amount due the Contractor since
the last estimate amounts to less than five hundred dollars.

From the total of the amount determined to be payable on a partial
payment, 10 percent of such total amount will be deducted and retained
by the Owner until the final payment is made, except as may be provided
(at the Contractor\'s option) in the subsection titled PAYMENT OF
WITHHELD FUNDS of this section. The balance (90 percent) of the amount
payable, less all previous payments, shall be certified for payment. 
Should the Contractor exercise his/her option, as provided in the
subsection titled PAYMENT OF WITHHELD FUNDS of this section, no such 10
percent retainage shall be deducted.

When not less than 95 percent of the work has been completed, the
Engineer may, at the Owner\'s discretion and with the consent of the
surety, prepare an estimate from which will be retained an amount not
less than twice the contract value or estimated cost, whichever is
greater, of the work remaining to be done.  The remainder, less all
previous payments and deductions, will then be certified for payment to
the Contractor.

It is understood and agreed that the Contractor shall not be entitled to
demand or receive partial payment based on quantities of work in excess
of those provided in the proposal or covered by approved change orders
or supplemental agreements, except when such excess quantities have been
determined by the Engineer to be a part of the final quantity for the
item of work in question.

No partial payment shall bind the Owner to the acceptance of any
materials or work in place as to quality or quantity.  All partial
payments are subject to correction at the time of final payment as
provided in the subsection titled ACCEPTANCE AND FINAL PAYMENT of this
section.

The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner a complete release of all
claims for labor and material arising out of this contract before the
final retained percentage or final payment is made. If any subcontractor
or supplier fails to furnish such a release in full, the Contractor may
furnish a bond or other collateral satisfactory to the Owner to
indemnify the Owner against any potential lien or other such claim. The
bond or collateral shall include all costs, expenses, and attorney fees
the Owner may be compelled to pay in discharging any such lien or claim.

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\* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \* \***

> **In some areas, release of liens prior to paying the full amount to
> the prime contractor may void the contract. In those areas, revise the
> previous paragraph as required to meet all state and local
> regulations.**

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**90-07 PAYMENT FOR MATERIALS ON HAND.**  Partial payments may be made
to the extent of the delivered cost of materials to be incorporated in
the work, provided that such materials meet the requirements of the
contract, plans, and specifications and are delivered to acceptable
sites on the airport property or at other sites in the vicinity that are
acceptable to the Owner.  Such delivered costs of stored or stockpiled
materials may be included in the next partial payment after the
following conditions are met:

**a.**  The material has been stored or stockpiled in a manner
acceptable to the Engineer at or on an approved site.

**b.**  The Contractor has furnished the Engineer with acceptable
evidence of the quantity and quality of such stored or stockpiled
materials.

**c.**  The Contractor has furnished the Engineer with satisfactory
evidence that the material and transportation costs have been paid.

**d.**  The Contractor has furnished the Owner legal title (free of
liens or encumbrances of any kind) to the material so stored or
stockpiled.

**e.**  The Contractor has furnished the Owner evidence that the
material so stored or stockpiled is insured against loss by damage to or
disappearance of such materials at anytime prior to use in the work.

It is understood and agreed that the transfer of title and the Owner\'s
payment for such stored or stockpiled materials shall in no way relieve
the Contractor of his/her responsibility for furnishing and placing such
materials in accordance with the requirements of the contract, plans,
and specifications.

In no case will the amount of partial payments for materials on hand
exceed the contract price for such materials or the contract price for
the contract item in which the material is intended to be used.

No partial payment will be made for stored or stockpiled living or
perishable plant materials.

The Contractor shall bear all costs associated with the partial payment
of stored or stockpiled materials in accordance with the provisions of
this subsection.

**90-08 PAYMENT OF WITHHELD FUNDS**.  At the Contractor\'s option,
he/she may request that the Owner accept (in lieu of the 10 percent
retainage on partial payments described in the subsection titled PARTIAL
PAYMENTS of this section) the Contractor\'s deposits in escrow under the
following conditions.

**a.**  The Contractor shall bear all expenses of establishing and
maintaining an escrow account and escrow agreement acceptable to the
Owner.

**b.**  The Contractor shall deposit to and maintain in such escrow only
those securities or bank certificates of deposit as are acceptable to
the Owner and having a value not less than the 10 percent retainage that
would otherwise be withheld from partial payment.

**c.**  The Contractor shall enter into an escrow agreement satisfactory
to the Owner.

**d.**  The Contractor shall obtain the written consent of the surety to
such agreement.

**90-09 ACCEPTANCE AND FINAL PAYMENT**.  When the contract work has been
accepted in accordance with the requirements of the subsection titled
FINAL ACCEPTANCE of Section 50, the Engineer will prepare the final
estimate of the items of work actually performed.  The Contractor shall
approve the Engineer\'s final estimate or advise the Engineer of his/her
objections to the final estimate which are based on disputes in
measurements or computations of the final quantities to be paid under
the contract as amended by change order or supplemental agreement.  The
Contractor and the Engineer shall resolve all disputes (if any) in the
measurement and computation of final quantities to be paid within 30
calendar days of the Contractor\'s receipt of the Engineer\'s final
estimate.  If, after such 30-day period, a dispute still exists, the
Contractor may approve the Engineer\'s estimate under protest of the
quantities in dispute, and such disputed quantities shall be considered
by the Owner as a claim in accordance with the subsection titled CLAIMS
FOR ADJUSTMENT AND DISPUTES of Section 50.

After the Contractor has approved, or approved under protest, the
Engineer\'s final estimate, final payment will be processed based on the
entire sum, or the undisputed sum in case of approval under protest,
determined to be due the Contractor less all previous payments and all
amounts to be deducted under the provisions of the contract.  All prior
partial estimates and payments shall be subject to correction in the
final estimate and payment.

If the Contractor has filed a claim for additional compensation under
the provisions of the subsection titled CLAIMS FOR ADJUSTMENTS AND
DISPUTES of Section 50 or under the provisions of this subsection, such
claims will be considered by the Owner in accordance with local laws or
ordinances.  Upon final adjudication of such claims, any additional
payment determined to be due the Contractor will be paid pursuant to a
supplemental final estimate.

**END OF SECTION 90**

### **SECTION 100 CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM**

**100‑01 GENERAL.** When the specification requires a Contractor Quality
Control Program, the Contractor shall establish, provide, and maintain
an effective Quality Control Program that details the methods and
procedures that will be taken to assure that all materials and completed
construction required by this contract conform to contract plans,
technical specifications and other requirements, whether manufactured by
the Contractor, or procured from subcontractors or vendors. Although
guidelines are established and certain minimum requirements are
specified herein and elsewhere in the contract technical specifications,
the Contractor shall assume full responsibility for accomplishing the
stated purpose.

The intent of this section is to enable the Contractor to establish a
necessary level of control that will:

**a.** Adequately provide for the production of acceptable quality
materials.

**b.** Provide sufficient information to assure both the Contractor and
the Engineer that the specification requirements can be met.

**c.** Allow the Contractor as much latitude as possible to develop his
or her own standard of control.

The Contractor shall be prepared to discuss and present, at the
preconstruction conference, his/her understanding of the quality control
requirements. The Contractor shall not begin any construction or
production of materials to be incorporated into the completed work until
the Quality Control Program has been reviewed by the Engineer. No
partial payment will be made for materials subject to specific quality
control requirements until the Quality Control Program has been
reviewed.

The quality control requirements contained in this section and elsewhere
in the contract technical specifications are in addition to and separate
from the acceptance testing requirements. Acceptance testing
requirements are the responsibility of the Engineer.

**100‑02 DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM.**

**a. General Description.** The Contractor shall establish a Quality
Control Program to perform inspection and testing of all items of work
required by the technical specifications, including those performed by
subcontractors. This Quality Control Program shall ensure conformance to
applicable specifications and plans with respect to materials,
workmanship, construction, finish, and functional performance. The
Quality Control Program shall be effective for control of all
construction work performed under this Contract and shall specifically
include surveillance and tests required by the technical specifications,
in addition to other requirements of this section and any other
activities deemed necessary by the Contractor to establish an effective
level of quality control.

**b. Quality Control Program.** The Contractor shall describe the
Quality Control Program in a written document that shall be reviewed by
the Engineer prior to the start of any production, construction, or
off‑site fabrication. The written Quality Control Program shall be
submitted to the Engineer for review at least **\[ \]** calendar days
before

the **\[ \]**.

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> **The Engineer should choose an adequate period for review. A minimum
> of 5 days before the preconstruction conference or the start of work
> is recommended.**
>
> **Submittal of the written Quality Control Program prior to the
> preconstruction conference will allow the Engineer to review the
> contents and make suggestions at the preconstruction meeting.**
>
> **Submittal of the written Quality Control Program prior to the start
> of work will allow for detailed discussion of the requirements at the
> preconstruction meeting. This will give the Contractor a better
> understanding of the requirements before developing the Quality
> Control Program.**
>
> **When selecting the required days for the contractor to submit the
> Quality Control program, adequate time should be allowed for the
> Quality Control Program to be a supplement to the Owner\'s
> Construction Management Plan.**

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The Quality Control Program shall be organized to address, as a minimum,
the following items:

**a.** Quality control organization;

**b.** Project progress schedule;

**c.** Submittals schedule;

**d.** Inspection requirements;

**e.** Quality control testing plan;

**f.** Documentation of quality control activities; and

**g.** Requirements for corrective action when quality control and/or
acceptance criteria are not met.

The Contractor is encouraged to add any additional elements to the
Quality Control Program that he/she deems necessary to adequately
control all production and/or construction processes required by this
contract.

**100‑03 QUALITY CONTROL ORGANIZATION.** The Contractor Quality Control
Program shall be implemented by the establishment of a separate quality
control organization. An organizational chart shall be developed to show
all quality control personnel and how these personnel integrate with
other management/production and construction functions and personnel.

The organizational chart shall identify all quality control staff by
name and function, and shall indicate the total staff required to
implement all elements of the Quality Control Program, including
inspection and testing for each item of work. If necessary, different
technicians can be utilized for specific inspection and testing
functions for different items of work. If an outside organization or
independent testing laboratory is used for implementation of all or part
of the Quality Control Program, the personnel assigned shall be subject
to the qualification requirements of paragraph 100‑03a and 100‑03b. The
organizational chart shall indicate which personnel are Contractor
employees and which are provided by an outside organization.

The quality control organization shall consist of the following minimum
personnel:

**a. Program Administrator.** The Program Administrator shall be a
full‑time employee of the Contractor, or a consultant engaged by the
Contractor. The Program Administrator shall have a minimum of 5 years of
experience in airport and/or highway construction and shall have had
prior quality control experience on a project of comparable size and
scope as the contract.

Additional qualifications for the Program Administrator shall include at
least 1 of the following requirements:

**(1)** Professional engineer with 1 year of airport paving experience
acceptable to the Engineer.

**(2)** Engineer‑in‑training with 2 years of airport paving experience
acceptable to the Engineer.

**(3)** An individual with 3 years of highway and/or airport paving
experience acceptable to the Engineer, with a Bachelor of Science Degree
in Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Technology or Construction.

**(4)** Construction materials technician certified at Level III by the
National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies
(NICET).

**(5)** Highway materials technician certified at Level III by NICET.

**(6)** Highway construction technician certified at Level III by NICET.

**(7)** A NICET certified engineering technician in Civil Engineering
Technology with 5 years of highway and/or airport paving experience
acceptable to the Engineer.

The Program Administrator shall have full authority to institute any and
all actions necessary for the successful implementation of the Quality
Control Program to ensure compliance with the contract plans and
technical specifications. The Program Administrator shall report
directly to a responsible officer of the construction firm. The Program
Administrator may supervise the Quality Control Program on more than one
project provided that person can be at the job site within 2 hours after
being notified of a problem.

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> **If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the project is of sufficient
> scope and size to warrant a full time, on‑site Program Administrator,
> paragraph 100‑03a should be modified accordingly.**

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**b. Quality Control Technicians.** A sufficient number of quality
control technicians necessary to adequately implement the Quality
Control Program shall be provided. These personnel shall be either
engineers, engineering technicians, or experienced craftsman with
qualifications in the appropriate field equivalent to NICET Level II or
higher construction materials technician or highway construction
technician and shall have a minimum of 2 years of experience in their
area of expertise.

The quality control technicians shall report directly to the Program
Administrator and shall perform the following functions:

**(1)** Inspection of all materials, construction, plant, and equipment
for conformance to the technical specifications, and as required by
Section 100‑06.

**(2)** Performance of all quality control tests as required by the
technical specifications and Section 100‑07.

Certification at an equivalent level, by a state or nationally
recognized organization will be acceptable in lieu of NICET
certification.

**c. Staffing Levels.** The Contractor shall provide sufficient
qualified quality control personnel to monitor each work activity at all
times. Where material is being produced in a plant for incorporation
into the work, separate plant and field technicians shall be provided at
each plant and field placement location. The scheduling and coordinating
of all inspection and testing must match the type and pace of work
activity. The Quality Control Program shall state where different
technicians will be required for different work elements.

**100‑04 PROJECT PROGRESS SCHEDULE.** The Contractor shall submit a
coordinated construction schedule for all work activities. The schedule
shall be prepared as a network diagram in Critical Path Method (CPM),
PERT, or other format, or as otherwise specified in the contract. As a
minimum, it shall provide information on the sequence of work
activities, milestone dates, and activity duration.

The Contractor shall maintain the work schedule and provide an update
and analysis of the progress schedule on a twice monthly basis, or as
otherwise specified in the contract. Submission of the work schedule
shall not relieve the Contractor of overall responsibility for
scheduling, sequencing, and coordinating all work to comply with the
requirements of the contract.

**100‑05 SUBMITTALS SCHEDULE.** The Contractor shall submit a detailed
listing of all submittals (e.g., mix designs, material certifications)
and shop drawings required by the technical specifications. The listing
can be developed in a spreadsheet format and shall include:

**a.** Specification item number;

**b.** Item description;

**c.** Description of submittal;

**d.** Specification paragraph requiring submittal; and

**e.** Scheduled date of submittal.

**100‑06 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS.** Quality control inspection functions
shall be organized to provide inspections for all definable features of
work, as detailed below. All inspections shall be documented by the
Contractor as specified by Section 100‑07.

Inspections shall be performed daily to ensure continuing compliance
with contract requirements until completion of the particular feature of
work. These shall include the following minimum requirements:

**a.** During plant operation for material production, quality control
test results and periodic inspections shall be utilized to ensure the
quality of aggregates and other mix components, and to adjust and
control mix proportioning to meet the approved mix design and other
requirements of the technical specifications. All equipment utilized in
proportioning and mixing shall be inspected to ensure its proper
operating condition. The Quality Control Program shall detail how these
and other quality control functions will be accomplished and utilized.

**b.** During field operations, quality control test results and
periodic inspections shall be utilized to ensure the quality of all
materials and workmanship. All equipment utilized in placing, finishing,
and compacting shall be inspected to ensure its proper operating
condition and to ensure that all such operations are in conformance to
the technical specifications and are within the plan dimensions, lines,
grades, and tolerances specified. The Program shall document how these
and other quality control functions will be accomplished and utilized.

**100‑07 QUALITY CONTROL TESTING PLAN.** As a part of the overall
Quality Control Program, the Contractor shall implement a quality
control testing plan, as required by the technical specifications. The
testing plan shall include the minimum tests and test frequencies
required by each technical specification Item, as well as any additional
quality control tests that the Contractor deems necessary to adequately
control production and/or construction processes.

The testing plan can be developed in a spreadsheet fashion and shall, as
a minimum, include the following:

**a.** Specification item number (e.g., P‑401);

**b.** Item description (e.g., Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements);

**c.** Test type (e.g., gradation, grade, asphalt content);

**d.** Test standard (e.g., ASTM or AASHTO test number, as applicable);

**e.** Test frequency (e.g., as required by technical specifications or
minimum frequency when requirements are not stated);

**f.** Responsibility (e.g., plant technician); and

**g.** Control requirements (e.g., target, permissible deviations).

The testing plan shall contain a statistically‑based procedure of random
sampling for acquiring test samples in accordance with ASTM D 3665. The
Engineer shall be provided the opportunity to witness quality control
sampling and testing.

All quality control test results shall be documented by the Contractor
as required by Section 100‑08.

**100‑08 DOCUMENTATION.** The Contractor shall maintain current quality
control records of all inspections and tests performed. These records
shall include factual evidence that the required inspections or tests
have been performed, including type and number of inspections or tests
involved; results of inspections or tests; nature of defects,
deviations, causes for rejection, etc.; proposed remedial action; and
corrective actions taken.

These records must cover both conforming and defective or deficient
features, and must include a statement that all supplies and materials
incorporated in the work are in full compliance with the terms of the
contract. Legible copies of these records shall be furnished to the
Engineer daily. The records shall cover all work placed subsequent to
the previously furnished records and shall be verified and signed by the
Contractor\'s Program Administrator.

Specific Contractor quality control records required for the contract
shall include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following
records:

**a. Daily Inspection Reports.** Each Contractor quality control
technician shall maintain a daily log of all inspections performed for
both Contractor and subcontractor operations on a form acceptable to the
Engineer. These technician\'s daily reports shall provide factual
evidence that continuous quality control inspections have been performed
and shall, as a minimum, include the following:

**(1)** Technical specification item number and description;

**(2)** Compliance with approved submittals;

**(3)** Proper storage of materials and equipment;

**(4)** Proper operation of all equipment;

**(5)** Adherence to plans and technical specifications;

**(6)** Review of quality control tests; and

**(7)** Safety inspection.

The daily inspection reports shall identify inspections conducted,
results of inspections, location and nature of defects found, causes for
rejection, and remedial or corrective actions taken or proposed.

The daily inspection reports shall be signed by the responsible quality
control technician and the Program Administrator. The Engineer shall be
provided at least one copy of each daily inspection report on the work
day following the day of record.

**b. Daily Test Reports.** The Contractor shall be responsible for
establishing a system that will record all quality control test results.
Daily test reports shall document the following information:

**(1)** Technical specification item number and description;

**(2)** Test designation;

**(3)** Location;

**(4)** Date of test;

**(5)** Control requirements;

**(6)** Test results;

**(7)** Causes for rejection;

**(8)** Recommended remedial actions; and

**(9)** Retests.

Test results from each day\'s work period shall be submitted to the
Engineer prior to the start of the next day\'s work period. When
required by the technical specifications, the Contractor shall maintain
statistical quality control charts. The daily test reports shall be
signed by the responsible quality control technician and the Program
Administrator.

**100‑09 CORRECTIVE ACTION REQUIREMENTS.** The Quality Control Program
shall indicate the appropriate action to be taken when a process is
deemed, or believed, to be out of control (out of tolerance) and detail
what action will be taken to bring the process into control. The
requirements for corrective action shall include both general
requirements for operation of the Quality Control Program as a whole,
and for individual items of work contained in the technical
specifications.

The Quality Control Program shall detail how the results of quality
control inspections and tests will be used for determining the need for
corrective action and shall contain clear sets of rules to gauge when a
process is out of control and the type of correction to be taken to
regain process control.

When applicable or required by the technical specifications, the
Contractor shall establish and utilize statistical quality control
charts for individual quality control tests. The requirements for
corrective action shall be linked to the control charts.

**100‑10 SURVEILLANCE BY THE ENGINEER.** All items of material and
equipment shall be subject to surveillance by the Engineer at the point
of production, manufacture or shipment to determine if the Contractor,
producer, manufacturer or shipper maintains an adequate quality control
system in conformance with the requirements detailed herein and the
applicable technical specifications and plans. In addition, all items of
materials, equipment and work in place shall be subject to surveillance
by the Engineer at the site for the same purpose.

Surveillance by the Engineer does not relieve the Contractor of
performing quality control inspections of either on‑site or off‑site
Contractor\'s or subcontractor\'s work.

**100‑11 NONCOMPLIANCE.**

**a.** The Engineer will notify the Contractor of any noncompliance with
any of the foregoing requirements. The Contractor shall, after receipt
of such notice, immediately take corrective action. Any notice, when
delivered by the Engineer or his/her authorized representative to the
Contractor or his/her authorized representative at the site of the work,
shall be considered sufficient notice.

**b.** In cases where quality control activities do not comply with
either the Contractor Quality Control Program or the contract
provisions, or where the Contractor fails to properly operate and
maintain an effective Quality Control Program, as determined by the
Engineer, the Engineer may:

**(1)** Order the Contractor to replace ineffective or unqualified
quality control personnel or subcontractors.

**(2)** Order the Contractor to stop operations until appropriate
corrective actions are taken.

**END OF SECTION 100**

### **SECTION 110 METHOD OF ESTIMATING PERCENTAGE OF MATERIAL WITHIN SPECIFICATION LIMITS (PWL)**

**110‑01 GENERAL.** When the specifications provide for acceptance of
material based on the method of estimating percentage of material within
specification limits (PWL), the PWL will be determined in accordance
with this section. All test results for a lot will be analyzed
statistically to determine the total estimated percent of the lot that
is within specification limits. The PWL is computed using the sample
average (X) and sample standard deviation (S~n~) of the specified number
(n) of sublots for the lot and the specification tolerance limits, L for
lower and U for upper, for the particular acceptance parameter. From
these values, the respective Quality index(s), Q~L~ for Lower Quality
Index and/or Q~U~ for Upper Quality Index, is computed and the PWL for
the lot for the specified n is determined from Table 1. All
specification limits specified in the technical sections shall be
absolute values. Test results used in the calculations shall be to the
significant figure given in the test procedure.

There is some degree of uncertainty (risk) in the measurement for
acceptance because only a small fraction of production material (the
population) is sampled and tested. This uncertainty exists because all
portions of the production material have the same probability to be
randomly sampled. The Contractor\'s risk is the probability that
material produced at the acceptable quality level is rejected or
subjected to a pay adjustment. The Owner's risk is the probability that
material produced at the rejectable quality level is accepted.

IT IS THE INTENT OF THIS SECTION TO INFORM THE CONTRACTOR THAT, IN ORDER
TO CONSISTENTLY OFFSET THE CONTRACTOR'S RISK FOR MATERIAL EVALUATED,
PRODUCTION QUALITY (USING POPULATION AVERAGE AND POPULATION STANDARD
DEVIATION) MUST BE MAINTAINED AT THE ACCEPTABLE QUALITY SPECIFIED OR
HIGHER. IN ALL CASES, IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR TO
PRODUCE AT QUALITY LEVELS THAT WILL MEET THE SPECIFIED ACCEPTANCE
CRITERIA WHEN SAMPLED AND TESTED AT THE FREQUENCIES SPECIFIED.

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> **Paragraph 110-01 shall be included verbatim in all projects.**

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**110‑02 METHOD FOR COMPUTING PWL.** The computational sequence for
computing PWL is as follows:

**a.** Divide the lot into n sublots in accordance with the acceptance
requirements of the specification.

**b**. Locate the random sampling position within the sublot in
accordance with the requirements of the specification.

**c.** Make a measurement at each location, or take a test portion and
make the measurement on the test portion in

accordance with the testing requirements of the specification.

**d.** Find the sample average (X) for all sublot values within the lot
by using the following formula:

X = (x~1~ + x~2~ + x~3~ + . . .x~n~) / n

Where: X = Sample average of all sublot values within a lot

x~1~, x~2~ = Individual sublot values

n = Number of sublots

**e.** Find the sample standard deviation (S~n~) by use of the following
formula:

S~n~ = \[(d~1~^2^ + d~2~^2^ + d~3~^2^ + . . .d~n~^2^)/(n‑1)\]^1/2^

Where: S~n~ = Sample standard deviation of the number of sublot values
in the set

d~1~, d~2~, = Deviations of the individual sublot values x~1~, x~2~, ...
from the average value X

that is: d~1~ = (x~1~ ‑ X), d~2~ = (x~2~ ‑ X) ... d~n~ = (x~n~ ‑ X)

n = Number of sublots

**f.** For single sided specification limits (i.e., L only), compute the
Lower Quality Index Q~L~ by use of the following formula:

Q~L~ = (X ‑ L) / S~n~

Where: L = specification lower tolerance limit

Estimate the percentage of material within limits (PWL) by entering
Table 1 with Q~L~, using the column appropriate to the total number (n)
of measurements. If the value of Q~L~ falls between values shown on the
table, use the next higher value of PWL.

**g.** For double-sided specification limits (i.e. L and U), compute the
Quality Indexes Q~L~ and Q~U~ by use of the following formulas:

Q~L~ = (X ‑ L) / Sn and Q~U~ = (U ‑ X) / Sn

Where: L and U = specification lower and upper tolerance limits

Estimate the percentage of material between the lower (L) and upper (U)
tolerance limits (PWL) by entering Table 1 separately with Q~L~ and
Q~U~, using the column appropriate to the total number (n) of
measurements, and determining the percent of material above P~L~ and
percent of material below P~U~ for each tolerance limit. If the values
of Q~L~ fall between values shown on the table, use the next higher
value of P~L~ or P~U~. Determine the PWL by use of the following
formula:

PWL = (P~U~ + P~L~) ‑ 100

Where: P~L~ = percent within lower specification limit

P~U~ = percent within upper specification limit

**EXAMPLE OF PWL CALCULATION**

**Project:** Example Project

**Test Item:** Item P‑401, Lot A.

**A. PWL Determination for Mat Density.**

**1.** Density of four random cores taken from Lot A.

A‑1 96.60

A‑2 97.55

A‑3 99.30

A‑4 98.35

n = 4

**2.** Calculate average density for the lot.

X = (x1 + x2 + x3 + . . .xn) / n

X = (96.60 + 97.55 + 99.30 + 98.35) / 4

X = 97.95 percent density

**3.** Calculate the standard deviation for the lot.

Sn = \[((96.60 ‑ 97.95)^2^ + (97.55 ‑ 97.95)^2^ +(99.30 ‑97.95)^2^ +
(98.35 ‑97.95)^2^)) / (4 ‑ 1)\]^1/2^

Sn = \[(1.82 + 0.16 + 1.82 + 0.16) / 3\]^1/2^

Sn = 1.15

**4.** Calculate the Lower Quality Index Q~L~ for the lot. (L=96.3)

Q~L~ = (X ‑L) / Sn

Q~L~ = (97.95 ‑ 96.30) / 1.15

Q~L~ = 1.4348

**5.** Determine PWL by entering Table 1 with Q~L~= 1.44 and n= 4.

PWL = 98

**B. PWL Determination for Air Voids.**

**1.** Air Voids of four random samples taken from Lot A.

A‑1 5.00

A‑2 3.74

A‑3 2.30

A‑4 3.25

**2.** Calculate the average air voids for the lot.

X = (x1 + x + x3 . . .n) / n

X = (5.00 + 3.74 + 2.30 + 3.25) / 4

X = 3.57 percent

**3.** Calculate the standard deviation Sn for the lot.

Sn = \[((3.57 ‑ 5.00)^2^ + (3.57 ‑ 3.74)^2^ + (3.57 ‑ 2.30)^2^ + (3.57
‑3.25)^2^) / (4 ‑ 1)\]^1/2^

Sn = \[(2.04 + 0.03 + 1.62 + 0.10 ) / 3\]^1/2^

Sn = 1.12

**4.** Calculate the Lower Quality Index Q~L~ for the lot. (L= 2.0)

Q~L~ = (X ‑ L) / Sn

Q~L~ = (3.57 ‑ 2.00) / 1.12

Q~L~ = 1.3992

**5.** Determine P~L~ by entering Table 1 with Q~L~ = 1.41 and n = 4.

PL = 97

**6.** Calculate the Upper Quality Index Q~U~ for the lot. (U= 5.0)

Q~U~ = (U ‑ X) / Sn

Q~U~ = (5.00 ‑ 3.57) / 1.12

Q~U~ = 1.2702

**7.** Determine P~U~ by entering Table 1 with Q~U~ = 1.29 and n = 4.

P~U~ = 93

**8.** Calculate Air Voids PWL

> PWL = (P~L~ + P~U~) ‑ 100
>
> PWL = (97 + 93) ‑ 100 = 90

**EXAMPLE OF OUTLIER CALCULATION (Reference ASTM E 178)**

**Project:** Example Project

**Test Item:** Item P‑401, Lot A.

**A. Outlier Determination for Mat Density.**

**1.** Density of four random cores taken from Lot A. arranged in
descending order.

A‑3 99.30

A‑4 98.35

A‑2 97.55

A‑1 96.60

**2.** Use n=4 and upper 5 percent significance level of to find the
critical value for test criterion = 1.463.

**3.** Use average density, standard deviation, and test criterion value
to evaluate density measurements.

**a.** For measurements greater than the average:

If: (measurement - average)/(standard deviation) is less than test
criterion,

Then: the measurement is not considered an outlier

for A‑3 Check if ( 99.30 - 97.95 ) / 1.15 greater than 1.463

1.174 is less than 1.463, the value is not an outlier

**b.** For measurements less than the average:

If (average - measurement)/(standard deviation) is less than test
criterion,

the measurement is not considered an outlier

for A‑1 Check if ( 97.95 - 96.60 ) / 1.15 greater than 1.463

1.0 is less than 1.463, the value is not an outlier

> NOTE: In this example, a measurement would be considered an outlier if
> the density was:
>
> greater than (97.95+1.463x1.15) = 99.63 percent or,

less than (97.95-1.463x1.15) = 96.27 percent

+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **TABLE 1.   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| TABLE FOR    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| ESTIMATING   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| PERCENT OF   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| LOT WITHIN   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| LIMITS       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (PWL)**      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Percent      | Posi |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Within       | tive |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Limits       | Va   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | lues |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (P~L~ and    | of Q |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| P~U~)        | (    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | Q~L~ |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | and  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | Q    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | ~U~) |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|              | n=3  | n=4  | n=5  | n=6  | n=7  | n=8  | n=9  | n=10 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 99           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 2.   |
|              | 1541 | 4700 | 6714 | 8008 | 8888 | 9520 | 9994 | 0362 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 98           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1524 | 4400 | 6016 | 6982 | 7612 | 8053 | 8379 | 8630 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 97           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1496 | 4100 | 5427 | 6181 | 6661 | 6993 | 7235 | 7420 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 96           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1456 | 3800 | 4897 | 5497 | 5871 | 6127 | 6313 | 6454 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 95           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1405 | 3500 | 4407 | 4887 | 5181 | 5381 | 5525 | 5635 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 94           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1342 | 3200 | 3946 | 4329 | 4561 | 4717 | 4829 | 4914 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 93           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1269 | 2900 | 3508 | 3810 | 3991 | 4112 | 4199 | 4265 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 92           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1184 | 2600 | 3088 | 3323 | 3461 | 3554 | 3620 | 3670 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 91           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 1089 | 2300 | 2683 | 2860 | 2964 | 3032 | 3081 | 3118 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 90           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0982 | 2000 | 2290 | 2419 | 2492 | 2541 | 2576 | 2602 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 89           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0864 | 1700 | 1909 | 1995 | 2043 | 2075 | 2098 | 2115 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 88           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0736 | 1400 | 1537 | 1587 | 1613 | 1630 | 1643 | 1653 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 87           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0597 | 1100 | 1173 | 1192 | 1199 | 1204 | 1208 | 1212 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 86           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0448 | 0800 | 0817 | 0808 | 0800 | 0794 | 0791 | 0789 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 85           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   |
|              | 0288 | 0500 | 0467 | 0435 | 0413 | 0399 | 0389 | 0382 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 84           | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 1.   | 0.   |
|              | 0119 | 0200 | 0124 | 0071 | 0037 | 0015 | 0000 | 9990 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 83           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9939 | 9900 | 9785 | 9715 | 9671 | 9643 | 9624 | 9610 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 82           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9749 | 9600 | 9452 | 9367 | 9315 | 9281 | 9258 | 9241 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 81           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9550 | 9300 | 9123 | 9025 | 8966 | 8928 | 8901 | 8882 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 80           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9342 | 9000 | 8799 | 8690 | 8625 | 8583 | 8554 | 8533 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 79           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 9124 | 8700 | 8478 | 8360 | 8291 | 8245 | 8214 | 8192 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 78           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 8897 | 8400 | 8160 | 8036 | 7962 | 7915 | 7882 | 7858 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 77           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 8662 | 8100 | 7846 | 7716 | 7640 | 7590 | 7556 | 7531 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 76           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 8417 | 7800 | 7535 | 7401 | 7322 | 7271 | 7236 | 7211 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 75           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 8165 | 7500 | 7226 | 7089 | 7009 | 6958 | 6922 | 6896 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 74           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 7904 | 7200 | 6921 | 6781 | 6701 | 6649 | 6613 | 6587 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 73           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 7636 | 6900 | 6617 | 6477 | 6396 | 6344 | 6308 | 6282 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 72           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 7360 | 6600 | 6316 | 6176 | 6095 | 6044 | 6008 | 5982 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 71           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 7077 | 6300 | 6016 | 5878 | 5798 | 5747 | 5712 | 5686 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 70           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 6787 | 6000 | 5719 | 5582 | 5504 | 5454 | 5419 | 5394 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 69           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 6490 | 5700 | 5423 | 5290 | 5213 | 5164 | 5130 | 5105 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 68           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 6187 | 5400 | 5129 | 4999 | 4924 | 4877 | 4844 | 4820 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 67           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 5878 | 5100 | 4836 | 4710 | 4638 | 4592 | 4560 | 4537 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 66           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 5563 | 4800 | 4545 | 4424 | 4355 | 4310 | 4280 | 4257 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 65           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 5242 | 4500 | 4255 | 4139 | 4073 | 4030 | 4001 | 3980 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 64           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 4916 | 4200 | 3967 | 3856 | 3793 | 3753 | 3725 | 3705 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 63           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 4586 | 3900 | 3679 | 3575 | 3515 | 3477 | 3451 | 3432 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 62           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 4251 | 3600 | 3392 | 3295 | 3239 | 3203 | 3179 | 3161 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 61           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 3911 | 3300 | 3107 | 3016 | 2964 | 2931 | 2908 | 2892 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 60           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 3568 | 3000 | 2822 | 2738 | 2691 | 2660 | 2639 | 2624 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 59           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 3222 | 2700 | 2537 | 2461 | 2418 | 2391 | 2372 | 2358 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 58           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 2872 | 2400 | 2254 | 2186 | 2147 | 2122 | 2105 | 2093 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 57           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 2519 | 2100 | 1971 | 1911 | 1877 | 1855 | 1840 | 1829 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 56           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 2164 | 1800 | 1688 | 1636 | 1607 | 1588 | 1575 | 1566 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 55           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 1806 | 1500 | 1406 | 1363 | 1338 | 1322 | 1312 | 1304 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 54           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 1447 | 1200 | 1125 | 1090 | 1070 | 1057 | 1049 | 1042 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 53           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 1087 | 0900 | 0843 | 0817 | 0802 | 0793 | 0786 | 0781 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 52           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 0725 | 0600 | 0562 | 0544 | 0534 | 0528 | 0524 | 0521 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 51           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 0363 | 0300 | 0281 | 0272 | 0267 | 0264 | 0262 | 0260 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 50           | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   | 0.   |
|              | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 | 0000 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| **TABLE 1.   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| TABLE FOR    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| ESTIMATING   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| PERCENT OF   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| LOT WITHIN   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| LIMITS       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (PWL)**      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Percent      | Nega |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Within       | tive |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| Limits       | Va   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | lues |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| (P~L~ and    | of Q |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
| P~U~)        | (    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | Q~L~ |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | and  |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | Q    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
|              | ~U~) |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|              | n=3  | n=4  | n=5  | n=6  | n=7  | n=8  | n=9  | n=10 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 49           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 0363 | 0300 | 0281 | 0272 | 0267 | 0264 | 0262 | 0260 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 48           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 0725 | 0600 | 0562 | 0544 | 0534 | 0528 | 0524 | 0521 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 47           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 1087 | 0900 | 0843 | 0817 | 0802 | 0793 | 0786 | 0781 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 46           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 1447 | 1200 | 1125 | 1090 | 1070 | 1057 | 1049 | 1042 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 45           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 1806 | 1500 | 1406 | 1363 | 1338 | 1322 | 1312 | 1304 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 44           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 2164 | 1800 | 1688 | 1636 | 1607 | 1588 | 1575 | 1566 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 43           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 2519 | 2100 | 1971 | 1911 | 1877 | 1855 | 1840 | 1829 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 42           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 2872 | 2400 | 2254 | 2186 | 2147 | 2122 | 2105 | 2093 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 41           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 3222 | 2700 | 2537 | 2461 | 2418 | 2391 | 2372 | 2358 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 40           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 3568 | 3000 | 2822 | 2738 | 2691 | 2660 | 2639 | 2624 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 39           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 3911 | 3300 | 3107 | 3016 | 2964 | 2931 | 2908 | 2892 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 38           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 4251 | 3600 | 3392 | 3295 | 3239 | 3203 | 3179 | 3161 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 37           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 4586 | 3900 | 3679 | 3575 | 3515 | 3477 | 3451 | 3432 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 36           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 4916 | 4200 | 3967 | 3856 | 3793 | 3753 | 3725 | 3705 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 35           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 5242 | 4500 | 4255 | 4139 | 4073 | 4030 | 4001 | 3980 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 34           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 5563 | 4800 | 4545 | 4424 | 4355 | 4310 | 4280 | 4257 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 33           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 5878 | 5100 | 4836 | 4710 | 4638 | 4592 | 4560 | 4537 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 32           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 6187 | 5400 | 5129 | 4999 | 4924 | 4877 | 4844 | 4820 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 31           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 6490 | 5700 | 5423 | 5290 | 5213 | 5164 | 5130 | 5105 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 30           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 6787 | 6000 | 5719 | 5582 | 5504 | 5454 | 5419 | 5394 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 29           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 7077 | 6300 | 6016 | 5878 | 5798 | 5747 | 5712 | 5686 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 28           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 7360 | 6600 | 6316 | 6176 | 6095 | 6044 | 6008 | 5982 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 27           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 7636 | 6900 | 6617 | 6477 | 6396 | 6344 | 6308 | 6282 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 26           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 7904 | 7200 | 6921 | 6781 | 6701 | 6649 | 6613 | 6587 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 25           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 8165 | 7500 | 7226 | 7089 | 7009 | 6958 | 6922 | 6896 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 24           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 8417 | 7800 | 7535 | 7401 | 7322 | 7271 | 7236 | 7211 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 23           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 8662 | 8100 | 7846 | 7716 | 7640 | 7590 | 7556 | 7531 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 22           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 8897 | 8400 | 8160 | 8036 | 7962 | 7915 | 7882 | 7858 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 21           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9124 | 8700 | 8478 | 8360 | 8291 | 8245 | 8214 | 8192 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 20           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9342 | 9000 | 8799 | 8690 | 8625 | 8583 | 8554 | 8533 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 19           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9550 | 9300 | 9123 | 9025 | 8966 | 8928 | 8901 | 8882 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 18           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9749 | 9600 | 9452 | 9367 | 9315 | 9281 | 9258 | 9241 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 17           | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  | -0.  |
|              | 9939 | 9900 | 9785 | 9715 | 9671 | 9643 | 9624 | 9610 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 16           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -0.  |
|              | 0119 | 0200 | 0124 | 0071 | 0037 | 0015 | 0000 | 9990 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 15           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0288 | 0500 | 0467 | 0435 | 0413 | 0399 | 0389 | 0382 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 14           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0448 | 0800 | 0817 | 0808 | 0800 | 0794 | 0791 | 0789 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 13           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0597 | 1100 | 1173 | 1192 | 1199 | 1204 | 1208 | 1212 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 12           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0736 | 1400 | 1537 | 1587 | 1613 | 1630 | 1643 | 1653 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 11           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0864 | 1700 | 1909 | 1995 | 2043 | 2075 | 2098 | 2115 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 10           | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 0982 | 2000 | 2290 | 2419 | 2492 | 2541 | 2576 | 2602 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 9            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1089 | 2300 | 2683 | 2860 | 2964 | 3032 | 3081 | 3118 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 8            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1184 | 2600 | 3088 | 3323 | 3461 | 3554 | 3620 | 3670 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 7            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1269 | 2900 | 3508 | 3810 | 3991 | 4112 | 4199 | 4265 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 6            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1342 | 3200 | 3946 | 4329 | 4561 | 4717 | 4829 | 4914 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 5            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1405 | 3500 | 4407 | 4887 | 5181 | 5381 | 5525 | 5635 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 4            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1456 | 3800 | 4897 | 5497 | 5871 | 6127 | 6313 | 6454 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 3            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1496 | 4100 | 5427 | 6181 | 6661 | 6993 | 7235 | 7420 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 2            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  |
|              | 1524 | 4400 | 6016 | 6982 | 7612 | 8053 | 8379 | 8630 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 1            | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -1.  | -2.  |
|              | 1541 | 4700 | 6714 | 8008 | 8888 | 9520 | 9994 | 0362 |
+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

**END OF SECTION 110**

### **SECTION 120 NUCLEAR GAGES**

**120-01** **TESTING.** When the specifications provide for nuclear gage
acceptance testing of material for Items P-152, P-154, P-208, and P-209,
the testing shall be performed in accordance with this section. At each
sampling location, the field density shall be determined in accordance
with ASTM D 2922 using the Direct Transmission Method. The nuclear gage
shall be calibrated in accordance with Annex A1. Calibration and
operation of the gage shall be in accordance with the requirements of
the manufacturer. The operator of the nuclear gage must show evidence of
training and experience in the use of the instrument. The gage shall be
standardized daily in accordance with ASTM D 2922, paragraph 8.

Use of ASTM D 2922 results in a wet unit weight, and when using this
method, ASTM D 3017 shall be used to determine the moisture content of
the material. The moisture gage shall be standardized daily in
accordance with ASTM D 3017, paragraph 7.

The material shall be accepted on a lot basis. Each Lot shall be divided
into eight (8) sublots when ASTM D 2922 is used.

**120-02.** When PWL concepts are incorporated, compaction shall
continue until a PWL of 90 percent or more is achieved using the lower
specification tolerance limits (L) below.

The percentage of material within specification limits (PWL) shall be
determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Section 110 of
the General Provisions.

The lower specification tolerance limit (L) for density shall be:

Specification Item Number Specification Tolerance (L) for Density,
(percent of laboratory maximum)

Item P-152 90.5 for cohesive material, 95.5 for non-cohesive

Item P-154 95.5

Item P-208 97.0

Item P-209 97.0

If the PWL is less than 90 percent, the lot shall be reworked and
recompacted by the Contractor at the Contractor\'s expense. After
reworking and recompaction, the lot shall be resampled and retested.
Retest results for the lot shall be reevaluated for acceptance. This
procedure shall continue until the PWL is 90 percent or greater.

**120-03 VERIFICATION TESTING.** (For Items P-152 and P-154 only.) The
Engineer will verify the maximum laboratory density of material placed
in the field for each lot. A minimum of one test will be made for each
lot of material at the site. The verification process will consist of;
(1) compacting the material and determining the dry density and
moisture-density in accordance with \[ASTM D 698 for aircraft gross
weights less than 60,0000 pounds\] \[ASTM D 1557 for aircraft gross
weights 60,000 pounds or more\], and (2) comparing the result with the
laboratory moisture-density curves for the material being placed. This
verification process is commonly referred to as a \"one-point Proctor\".
If the material does not conform to the existing moisture-density
curves, the Engineer will establish the laboratory maximum density and
optimum moisture content for the material in accordance with \[ASTM D
698 for aircraft gross weights less than 60,0000 pounds\] \[ASTM D 1557
for aircraft gross weights 60,000 pounds or more\].

Additional verification tests will be made, if necessary, to properly
classify all materials placed in the lot.

The percent compaction of each sampling location will be determined by
dividing the field density of each sublot by the laboratory maximum
density for the lot.

**END OF SECTION 120**

**Intentionally Left Blank**