Library of Congress

**Pinyin Conversion Project**

**Conversion and Cleanup Tasks: Status Report**

**February 1, 2005**

# COMPLETED CLEANUP TASKS

**1. Review of files of converted authority records**

> **While converting authority records, OCLC created a number of files
> containing certain kinds of records for review. For more than five
> months in late 2000 and early 2001, LC catalogers painstakingly
> reviewed the thousands of converted authority records in these files
> and made corrections where warranted.**

**2. Authority records for undifferentiated personal names**

> **The conversion program did not convert authority records that were
> coded as undifferentiated personal names. With the able and generous
> assistance of a dozen cooperating libraries, more than 8400 of these
> records were evaluated and converted manually. In the process, several
> thousand new unique and non-unique authority records were created.**

**3. Double conversion**

> **These two headings were checked to make sure that they did not
> "double-convert":**
>
> **P'i-hsien (Kiangsu Province, China) converted to Pi Xian (Jiangsu
> Sheng, China)**
>
> **T'eng-hsien (Shantung Province, China) converted to Teng Xian
> (Shandong Sheng, China)**

**4. Subject headings and subject subdivisions for regions in China**

> **Some of the subject headings for regions in China converted
> correctly, but others did not. Therefore, all headings on bib records
> for regions in China were located, evaluated, and corrected when
> necessary.**
>
> **EXAMPLES:\
> \
> 651 -0 \$a Canton Region (China)... \[changed manually to Guangzhou
> Region (China)\]\
> \
> 651 -0 \$a Taiyuan Shi Region (China) \[changed manually to Taiyuan
> Region (Shanxi Sheng, China)\]\
> \
> 650 -0 ... \$z Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region \[changed manually to
> Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu\]**
>
> **650 -0 ... \$z Tangshan (Hebei Sheng) Region \[changed manually to
> Tangshan Region (Hebei Sheng)\]\
> \
> 650 -0 ... \$z Luoyang (Henan Sheng) Region \[changed manually to
> Luoyang Region (Henan Sheng)\]**

**5. Multi-syllable terms for Chinese jurisdictions**

> **Ten multi-syllable terms for Chinese jurisdictions were to have been
> joined together by the conversion program when they were identified as
> being part of a proper name. Some, however, were joined together in
> other situations. Also, some of the correctly converted terms had to
> be changed. (For example, T'ai-wan ti ch'ü converted to Taiwan Diqu;
> this string had to be changed to Taiwan di qu, because the term di qu
> (地区) in this instance refers to the Taiwan region in general, and
> not specifically named location.) We scrutinized each bib record on
> which these ten terms appeared; many records were corrected.**

**[Term Hits Needed Correction]{.underline}**

**diqu 1670 ca. 1100**

**tequ 88 ca. 55**

**xingzhengqu 75 ca. 40**

**zhuanqu 11 2**

**dujiaqu 1 0**

**ziran 33 0**

**zizhiqi 1300 0**

**zizhiqu 11 0**

**zizhixian 253 0**

**zizhizhou 356 0**

**6. Bogus multi-syllable terms**

> **On Chinese bib records converted in RLIN, the conversion program
> incorrectly created several multi-syllable generic terms. These are
> the terms that have been identified and corrected:**
>
> **[Wade-Giles syllables Converted to Should be]{.underline}**
>
> **ti ch'üan diquan di quan**
>
> **ti ch'üeh diqueh di que**
>
> **tu chia ch'ü dujiaqu du jia qu**
>
> **min tsu minzu min zu**
>
> **te ch'üan tequan te quan**
>
> **hsing cheng ch'üan xingzhengquan xing zheng quan**
>
> **tzu chih ch'üan zizhiquan zi zhi quan**
>
> **chuan ch'üan zhuanquan zhuan quan**

**7. Guangzhouese**

> **On Chinese bib records converted in RLIN, the word Cantonese was
> converted to Guangzhouese when it appeared in subject headings. This
> term has been manually corrected on all LC records.**

**EXAMPLES:**

**650 -0 \$a Guangzhouese dialects \[changed manually to Cantonese
dialects\]**

> **650 -0 \$a Cookery, Chinese \$x Guangzhouese style \[changed
> manually to Cookery, Chinese \$x Cantonese style\]**

**8. Chinese monograph records that were marked for review in the 987
field**

> **Records on which access points required change have been converted
> or corrected. The term \[access not affected\] has been added in the
> 987 \$f subfield of the remaining bib records; those records have been
> set aside.**

**9. Chinese serial records that were marked for review in the 987
field**

> **The 900 remaining serial records that were marked for review have
> been converted.**

**10. Unconverted IBC serial records**

> **The 516 brief Chinese acquisition records in the LC database have
> been reviewed and converted.**

**11. Personal names with religious titles**

> **To the extent possible, authority records and headings for personal
> names that included religious titles (such as fa shi 法师, da shi
> 大师, chan shi 禅师) have been identified and converted.**

**12. Subject headings that were not converted by machine**

> **Working from the four lists of Chinese subject headings that appear
> on the pinyin home page, CPSO converted subject headings that were not
> converted by machine, on all but premarc bib records.**

**13. Syllable sweep for bib records for instrumental music**

> **Unique Wade-Giles syllables were searched in music records in the LC
> database. All records that appeared to include romanized Chinese were
> printed out, reviewed, and converted where appropriate. In all, about
> 1500 records were converted.**

**14. Syllable sweep for bib records for motion pictures**

> **Unique Wade-Giles syllables were searched in motion picture records
> in the LC database. All records that appeared to include romanized
> Chinese were printed out, reviewed, and converted where appropriate.
> 3000 records were reviewed, and 90 were converted. Since much of the
> data on these records that appears to be romanized has, in fact, been
> transcribed from copyright applications, titles proper on motion
> picture records were almost never converted. In most instances, the
> pinyin form of a romanized title was given in a 246 field.**

**15. Names of geographical features (rivers, mountains, deserts,
etc.):**

> **The conversion program connected certain generic terms for
> geographic features (primarily the terms for rivers) for geographic
> features to the names that preceded them. These generic terms will be
> identified and separated on authority and bib records, to conform to
> the romanization guidelines.**
>
> **EXAMPLES:**
>
> **[pre-conversion WG form machine converted to: change
> to:]{.underline}**
>
> **Chang-chiang Changjiang Chang Jiang**
>
> **Huang-ho Huanghe Huang He**
>
> **Chu-chiang Zhujiang Zhu Jiang**
>
> **At the same time, some 20 multi-syllable generic terms which are
> used in proper names were not connected by the conversion program.
> They will be identified and joined together when appropriate.**
>
> **EXAMPLES:**
>
> **[pre-conversion WG form machine converted to: change
> to:]{.underline}**

**Huang-t'u kao yüan Huangtu gao yuan Huangtu Gaoyuan**

**Ch'ing Tsang kao yüan Qing Zang gao yuan Qing Zang Gaoyuan**

**San-chiang p'ing yüan Sanjiang ping yuan Sanjiang Pingyuan**

**T'a-k'e-la-ma-kan sha mo Takelamagan sha mo Takelamagan**

**Shamo**

**Ch'ai-ta-mu pen di Chaidamu pen di Chaidamu Pendi**

**Su-i-shih yün ho Suyishi yun he Suyishi Yunhe**

**Pa-na-ma yün ho Banama yun he Banama Yunhe**

**16. "Most frequently used" headings**

> **Lily Kecskes systematically converted the \[164\] "most frequently
> used" headings on more than 17,000 bib records in the LC database that
> were not converted by machine. The task took more than 18 months to
> accomplish. Lily converted each heading on bib records one by one. In
> the course of her work, she added more than 50 headings to the list
> that was originally supplied by OCLC at the beginning of the
> conversion project. A list of the most-used headings that have been
> converted may be found at the end of this document.**

**17. Mongolian records**

> **Shi Deng of the University of California-San Diego converted
> romanized Chinese text in some 80 LC Mongolian records. Most of the
> changes involved Chinese title added entries.**

**18. Tibetan language bib records**

> **More than 1000 bib records that are coded Tibetan have been reviewed
> and converted. Most of the changes involved Chinese title added
> entries, and were located with the Voyager search *gkey Chinese not
> k987 pinyin*, limited to Tibetan language records.**

**19. "Title in Chinese"**

> **A search for the phrase "title in Chinese" retrieved 875 unconverted
> bib records in the LC database. Most of these records were non-Chinese
> records that include romanized title added entries. They have been
> reviewed and converted.**

**20. Potential problem records identified by OCLC**

> **As part of its pinyin cleanup project, OCLC identified 1460 LC
> records that had been marked for review. About 500 of these records
> have been converted.**

**21. Chronological subdivisions**

> **Chronological subdivisions have been converted in subject headings
> in all but certain PREMARC records. A list of the subdivisions that
> were converted by machine appears in the conversion specifications for
> Chinese bibliographic records on the pinyin home page.**

**22. Headings for Well-known Authors Found Specifically on PREMARC
Records / February 1, 2005**

> **The Library of Congress' PREMARC records were not converted to
> pinyin by machine. At LC, headings on PREMARC records have been
> identified and converted manually.**
>
> **Jim Cheng of the University of California - San Diego recently began
> converting PREMARC headings as a cleanup project in the Roger
> database. He sent a list of headings for well-known Chinese-American
> authors who publish in both English and Chinese that he found on
> PREMARC Chinese records (shown below). These headings are
> representative of what one may encounter in any file of these records:
> some headings that have not been converted; some that have been; some
> that are now established with or without the dates that appear on the
> PREMARC records; some that were excluded from conversion; some that
> are not romanized in Wade-Giles or pinyin form; and some that cannot
> be found in the authority file today. Of course, headings on PREMARC
> records in databases other than Roger, the UCSD database, may vary.**
>
> **The list has been annotated with the AACR2 form of headings for the
> names in the list in [BOLD TYPE]{.underline}, and a brief notation of
> the current status of the heading vis-à-vis the PREMARC form.**
>
> Headings for well-known authors can safely be identified, and then
> converted or changed to match the current heading in the National
> Authority File. Some suggestions and reminders:
>
> \- if possible, search thoroughly for headings for individuals in your
> PREMARC file in Wade-Giles form, other forms found in the PREMARC
> file, and pinyin form to be sure that you have found all of the
> headings for a given person;
>
> \- then search for the AACR2 form of headings in the National
> Authority File;
>
> \- if the heading has been excluded from conversion (fixed field
> 008/07=n), do not convert it;
>
> \- remember that only Wade-Giles headings were converted to pinyin
> form;
>
> **- then follow your local procedures for updating PREMARC headings.**
>
> **Because author statements are almost invariably missing from PREMARC
> Chinese records, it is sometimes difficult to identify the individuals
> who are represented by headings on those records. For that reason, one
> should be cautious to change PREMARC headings for lesser-known people.
> They can often only be safely identified, and distinguished from other
> people with the same or similar names, with reference to the 3x5 card
> from which the PREMARC record was made, or to the item that the record
> describes.**
>
> ***East Asian Librarians are encouraged to add to this list of
> headings!* Please send unconverted or questionable premarc Chinese
> headings for *well-known* authors to Phil Melzer at <pmel@loc.gov>,
> and they will be added to the list.**

## [HEADING IN PREMARC STATUS OF HEADING]{.underline} 

# Chang, Hao, 1937- Excluded from conversion; do not covert -- see Exclusion list

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aChang%2C+Hsin-pao%2C+1922-/achang+hsin+pao+1922/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Excluded from conversion; do not convert -- see Exclusion list

Chiang, Wên-han Coverted to **Jiang, Wenhan**

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aDing%2C+Li/ading+li/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Converted from Ting, Li (undifferentiated heading)

Ch'ien, Tuan-shêng Converted from Ch'ien, Tuan-sheng, 1900- to **Qian,
Duansheng, 1900-**

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aJiang%2C+Xiangze/ajiang+xiangze/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Converted from Chiang, Hsiang-tse

Han, Suyin, pseud. Heading changed to **Han, Suyin, 1917-** on 2/8/02

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aHan%2C+Yu-shan%2C+1899-/ahan+yu+shan+1899/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Not converted; do not convert

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aHao%2C+Yen-p%7b176%7ding%2C+1934-/ahao+yen+ping+1934/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Excluded from conversion; do not convert -- see Exclusion list

# 

# He, Bingdi Converted from Ho, Ping-ti

HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aHuang%2C+Han-liang%2C+1893-/ahuang+han+liang+1893/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"
Heading appears not to have been established

**Lee, Leo Ou-fan** Heading not converted because it is not Wade-Giles

**Li, Ji, 1896-1979** Converted from Li, Chi, 1896-1979

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aLiang%2C+Jingchun%2C+1890-1984/aliang+jingchun+1890+1984/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Converted from Liang, Ching-ch'un, 1890-1984

**Lin, Yaohua, 1910-** Converted from Lin, Yao-hua, 1910-

# 

# Lin, Yutang, 1895-1976 Heading not converted because it is not Wade-Giles

Ling, Nai-min Heading appears not to have been established

HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aLiu%2C+Kwang-Ching%2C+1921-/aliu+kwang+ching+1921/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"
Heading not converted because it is not Wade-Giles

HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aPian%2C+Rulan+Chao/apian+rulan+chao/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"
Heading not converted because it is not Wade-Giles

**Qu, Tongzu** Converted from Ch'ü, T'ung-tsu

HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aShih%2C+Ch%7b176%7d%7b227%7deng-chih/ashih+cheng+chih/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"
Converted from Shih, Ch'eng-chih, 19^th^ cent. to **Shi, Chengzhi,
19^th^ cent.**

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aSong%2C+Yingxing%2C+b.+1587/asong+yingxing+b+1587/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Converted from Sung, Ying-hsing, b. 1587

HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aSun%2C+E-tu+Zen%2C+1921-/asun+e+tu+zen+1921/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"
Heading not converted because it is not Wade-Giles

HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aSun%2C+Yat-sen%2C+1866-1925/asun+yat+sen+1866+1925/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"
Heading not converted because it is not Wade-Giles

HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aT%7b227%7deng%2C+Ss%7b230%7du-y%7b232%7du%2C+1906-/ateng+ssu+yu+1906/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"
The heading **Teng, Ssu-yü, 1906-** was excluded from conversion; do not
convert -- see Exclusion list

**Wang Yeh-chien** Excluded from conversion; do not convert -- see
Exclusion list

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aXue%2C+Jundu%2C+1922-/axue+jundu+1922/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Converted from Hsüeh, Chün-tu, 1922-

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aYang%2C+Liansheng%2C+1914-/ayang+liansheng+1914/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Converted from Yang, Lien-sheng, 1914-

**Yip, Wai-lim** Heading not converted because it is not Wade-Giles

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aYu%2C+Yingshi/ayu+yingshi/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Converted from Yü, Ying-shih

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aZhang%2C+Tianze/azhang+tianze/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Converted from Chang, T'ien-tse

# 

# Zhang, Zhongli Probably refers to Zhang, Zhongli, 1920-, author of Chinese gentry and several other books in English and Chinese

# 

# Zhou, Cezong, 1916- Converted from Chou, Ts'e-tsung, 1916-

**HREF=\"http://roger.ucsd.edu/search/aZhou%2C+Xiangguang/azhou+xiangguang/-2,-1,0,E/2browse\"**
Converted from Zhou, Hsiang-kuang

# THE REMINING CLEANUP TASKS 

**1. Headings for Chinese jurisdictions; conventional place names**

> **Almost all authority records and headings for Chinese jurisdictions
> on Chinese bib records were correctly converted by the machine
> program. Most of the headings on Korean and Japanese records on RLIN
> have also been converted. Headings for conventional names of provinces
> have been changed on non-Chinese and PREMARC records. However, because
> of the many recent changes to the names and boundaries of Chinese
> cities and counties, a comprehensive review of these headings is being
> conducted, and headings for Chinese jurisdictions are constantly being
> updated.**
>
> **This is complex and time-consuming work that will doubtless take
> years to accomplish. When the name of one jurisdiction is changed, it
> is frequently the case that many related authority and bib records
> then also have to be updated.**
>
> **The CPSO page on Headings for Chinese Jurisdictions will be updated
> periodically to reflect heading changes.**

**2. Wade-Giles headings on bib records, identified by \$wnne and
\$wnnea references**

> **Work has begun to extract from files of converted name authority
> records the former headings, which are coded either \$wnne or \$wnnea,
> and then run them against bib records in the LC database to identify
> headings that need to be converted. To date, several dozen headings
> have been converted on several hundred bib records.**

**3. Systematic 041 and 043 searches on Voyager (ca. 2500 records)**

> **A series of searches of the 041 and 043 fields will be conducted to
> identify records that contain unconverted romanized Chinese strings or
> headings.**

**4. min guo  Minguo**

> **When the syllables *min guo* together are used to mean the Republic
> of China, they must be capitalized and connected. The decision to
> connect these syllables was made after the machine conversion. There
> are perhaps 500 authority records and many hundreds of bib records
> that need to be changed.**

**EXAMPLE:**

> **[pre-conversion WG form machine converted to: need change
> to:]{.underline}**

**Chung-hua min kuo Zhonghua min guo Zhonghua Minguo**

**5. Unconverted access points on non-Chinese serial records**

> **Serial records needing changes to access points will be identified
> in the course of performing other cleanup tasks, and sent to serials
> catalogers for correction.**

**6. Li, Po**

> **The heading Li, Po, 701-762 converted by machine to Li, Bo, 701-762
> in the autumn of 2000. The heading on authority records was changed
> back to Li, Po, 701-762 in March 2003. Corresponding headings on many
> bib records will also have to also be changed back.**

CLEANUP TASKS THAT ARE NOT BEING PURSUED AT THIS TIME, BUT MAY BE
EVALUATED AT A LATER DATE

**1. Capitalization of generic terms for place names**

**The conversion program did not capitalize generic terms for place
names, as**

> **called for by the romanization guidelines. This problem does not
> affect filing or access. These terms are now being capitalized on an
> as-encountered basis.**

**2. di / de**

**The conversion program automatically converted the syllable ti to di.
The**

**romanization of the character 的, therefore, converted to di rather
than de. This syllable is now being changed on an as-encountered
basis.**

**3. Bib records marked \[access not affected\]**

> **Bib records that were marked for review by the conversion program
> have been reviewed. The many records only needing conversion of a
> non-access point have been marked \[access not affected\] in the 987
> field, and have been set aside.**

**4. 880 fields**

**Portions of 880 fields sometimes did not convert, or converted
differently**

> **from their parallel roman fields. Some of the reasons for this
> occurrence are explained in the section of the home page that
> describes the conversion of**
>
> **bibliographic records. These inconsistencies will probably be
> corrected on an as-encountered basis.**

# THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED ROMANIZED CHINESE HEADINGS

# THESE HEADINGS HAVE BEEN CONVERTED ON LC'S NON-CHINESE AND PREMARC BIB RECORDS

**Ai, Ch'ing, 1910-**

**Chang, Ch'ien, 1853-1926**

**Ch'ang-ch'un shih ti fang chih pien tsuan wei yüan hui**

**Chang, Hen-shui, 1895-**

**Chang, T'ien-i, 1906-**

**Chao, Kang, 1929-**

**Chao, Shu-li**

**Ch'en, Ying-chen**

**Ch'en, Yün, 1905-**

**Cheng, Chen-to, 1898-1958**

**Ch'eng-tu ti t'u ch'u pan she**

**Chia, P'ing-wa**

**Chiang, Ping-chih, 1904-**

**Ch'ien-lung, Emperor of China, 1711-1799**

**Chin, Sheng-t'an. 1608-1661**

**Chin tai Chung-kuo shih liao ts'ung k'an**

**China (Republic : 1949-). Chu chi ch'u**

**China (Republic : 1949-). Nei cheng pu**

**China. Ti chih k'uang ch'an pu. Shu k'an pien chi shih**

**Ch'ing tai chuan chi ts'ung kan**

**Ching wei wen hua t'u shu ch'u pan she. Pien chi pu**

**Chou, En-lai, 1898-1976**

**Chou, Tso-jen, 1885-1967**

**Chou, Yang, 1908-**

**Chou li**

**Chu, Hsi, 1130-1200**

**Ch'ü, Yüan, ca. 343-ca. 277 B.C.**

**Ch'ü, Pao-k'uei**

**Chuang-tzu**

**Chuang-tzu. Nan-hua ching**

**Chung-hua ching chi yen chiu yüan ching chi chuan lun**

**Chung-hua wen hua fu hsing yün tung t'ui hsing wei yüan hui**

**Chung-hua wen hua ts'ung shu**

**Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo ti fang chih ts'ung shu**

**Chung i ku chi cheng li ts'ung shu**

**Chung-kuo fang chih ts'ung shu**

**Chung-kuo fang chih ts'ung shu. Hua chung ti fang**

**Chung-kuo i hsüeh pai k'o ch'üan shu**

**Chung-kuo kung ch'an tang**

**Chung-kuo kuo ch'ing ts'ung shu**

**"Chung-kuo kuo ch'ing ts'ung shu---Pai hsien shih ching chi she hui
tiao**

**ch'a" pien chi wei yüan hui**

**Chung-kuo ku tien wen hsüeh tso p'in hsüan tu**

**Chung-kuo shao shu min tsu she hui li shih tiao ch'a tzu liao ts'ung
k'an**

**Chung-kuo tang tai wen hsüeh yen chiu tzu liao**

**Chung-kuo ti 2 li shih tang an kuan**

**Chung-kuo ti t'u ch'u pan she**

**Chung-kuo wen hua shih chih shih ts'ung shu (Taipei, Taiwan)**

**Chung yang yen chiu yüan**

**Chung yang yen chiu yüan. Chin tai shih yen chiu so**

**Chung yung**

**Fan, Wen-lan, 1891-1969**

**Feng, Chi-ts'ai**

**Feng, Meng-lung**

**Feng, T'ien-yu, 1942-**

**Feng, Yü-hsiang, 1882-1945**

**Feng, Yu-lan, 1895-**

**Fu, Pao-shih, 1904-1965**

**Han, Fei, d. 233 B.C.**

**Han, Fei, d. 233 B.C. Han Fei-tzu**

**Hao-jan, 1932-**

**Heng-t'ang-t'ui-shih, 1711-1778**

**Hsi yu chi**

**Hsia, Yen, 1900-**

**Hsiao, Hung, 1911-1942**

**Hsiao ching**

**Hsiao-hsiao-sheng**

**Hsiao-hsiao-sheng. Chin P'ing Mei tz'u hua**

**Hsiao hsüeh sheng wen k'u**

**Hsieh, Ling-yün, 385-433**

**Hsieh, Wan-ying, 1902-**

**Hsing cheng yüan wen hua chien she wei yüan hui (China)**

**Hsing cheng yüan yen chiu fa chan k'ao ho wei yüan hui (China)**

**Hsüan-tsang, ca. 596-664**

**Hsün-tzu, 340-245 B.C.**

**Hu, Shih, 1891-1962**

**Huang kuan ts'ung shu**

**Hui-neng, 638-713**

**Hung lou meng**

**I ching**

**I li**

**K'ang, Yu-wei, 1858-1927**

**Kao, Yü-jen**

**"Ku pen hsiao shuo chi ch'eng" pien wei hui**

**Ku tai wen shih ming chu hsüan i ts'ung shu**

**Kuan, Chung, d. 645 B.C.**

**Kuan, Shan-yüeh, 1912-**

**Kuang-tung sheng ti t'u ch'u pan she**

**Kung-sun, Yang, d. 338 B.C.**

**Kuo hsüeh chen chi hui pien**

**Kuo hsüeh ming chu chen pen hui k'an**

**Kuo li chung yang t'u shu kuan (China)**

**Kuo li ku kung po wu yüan**

**Kuo li ku kung po wu yüan. Pien chi wei yüan hui**

**Kuo li pien i kuan**

**Kuo, Mo-jo, 1892-1978**

**Lao, She, 1899-1966**

**Lao-tzu**

**Lao-tzu. Tao te ching**

**Li, Ch'ing-chao, 1081-ca. 1141**

**Li, Fei-kan, 1905-**

**Li, Hung-chang, 1823-1901**

**Li chi**

**Li shih hsiao ku shih ts'ung shu**

**Li, Tse-hou**

**Li, Yu, d. 804**

**Liang, Ch'i-ch'ao, 1873-1929**

**Lien ho pao ts'ung shu**

**Lin, Piao, 1908-1971**

**Liu, Hai-su, 1896-1994**

**Liu, I-sheng, fl. 1963-**

**Liu, Shao-ch'i, 1898-1969**

**Lu, Chiu-yüan, 1139-1193**

**Lu, Hsün, 1881-1936**

**Mao hsieh ts'ung k'an. Shih ch'ang yen hsi lieh**

**Mao, Tse-tung, 1893-1976**

**Mencius. Meng-tzu**

**Mo, Ti, fl. 400 B.C.**

**Mo, Ti, fl. 400 B.C. Mo-tzu**

**Nan Hua ch'u pan she**

**Ni, K'uang**

**Nieh, Jung-chen, 1899-**

**Ou-yang, Hsiu, 1007-1072**

**Ou-yang, Hsün, 557-641**

**Ou-yang ... (Other persons with this surname)**

**Pa, Chin, 1905-**

**Pai, Chü-i, 772-846**

**Pai, Hua**

**Pan, Ku, 32-92**

**Ping, Hsin, 1907-1966**

**Po-yang, 1920-**

**Pu-i, 1906-1967**

**San min chu i li lun ts'ung shu**

**Shan hai ching**

**Shen, Yen-ping, 1896-**

**Shih ching**

**Shih san ching**

**Shu ching**

**Shu, Ch'ing-ch'un, 1898-1966**

**Shui ching chu**

**Shui hu chuan**

**Ssu k'u ch'üan shu ... (any headings after these first 4 words)**

**Ssu-ma, Ch'ien, ca. 145-ca. 86 B.C.**

**Ssu-ma, Kuang, 1019-1086**

**Ssu shu**

**Sun-tzu, 6^th^ cent. B.C.**

**Sun-tzu, 6^th^ cent. B.C. Sun-tzu ping fa**

**Ta hsüeh**

**T'an, Ssu-t'ung, 1865-1898**

**Tang tai Chung-kuo ts'ung shu**

**Tang tai Chung-kuo ts'ung shu pien chi pu**

**T'ao, Hsing-chih, 1891-1946**

**T'ao, Pai-ch'uan, 1903-**

**Teng, Hsiao-p'ing, 1904-**

**Ti t'u ch'u pan she**

**T'ien, Han, 1898-1968**

**Ting, Ling, 1904-**

**Ts'ai, Tun-ming, 1868-1940**

**Ts'ai, Yüan-p'ei**

**Ts'ang hai ts'ung kan**

**Ts'ao, Hsüeh-ch'in, ca. 1717-1763**

**Ts'ao, Hsüeh-ch'in, ca. 1717-1763. Hung lou meng**

**Ts'ao, Yü**

**Ts'en, K'ai-lun**

**Tseng, Kuo-fan, 1811-1872**

**Tso, Tsung-t'ang, 1812-1885**

**Tso-ch'iu, Ming. Tso chuan**

**Tsu kuo ts'ung shu**

**Tu, Fu, 712-770**

**Tun-huang manuscripts**

**Tz'u (subject hdg)**

**Tzu chih t'ung chien**

**Wang, Shou-jen, 1472-1529**

## Wang, Yang-ming, 1472-1529

**Wen, T'ien-hsiang, 1236-1283**

**Wen shih che hsüeh chi ch'eng**

**Wu, Ching-tzu, 1701-1754**

**Wu chiu pei chai I ching chi ch'eng**

**Wu, P'ei-fu, 1874-1939**

**Yeh, Sheng-t'ao, 1893-**

**Yeh, Yung-lieh**

**Yen, Hsi-shan, 1883-1960**

**Yin te**

**Yü, Fei-an**

**Yü, Kuang-yüan**

**Yü, Yu-jen, 1878-1964**

**Yung-cheng, Emperor of China, 1677-1735**