**COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM**

**SESSION VI:**

**DISASTER PSYCHOLOGY AND TEAM ORGANIZATION**

**EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE**

**NATIONAL EMERGENCY TRAINING CENTER**

**SESSION VI**

**DISASTER PSYCHOLOGY AND TEAM ORGANIZATION**

**TIME: 2 hours 30 minutes**

**OBJECTIVES** At the conclusion of this session, the participants will
be able to:

1\. Describe the post-disaster emotional environment and the steps that
rescuers can take to relieve their own stressors and those of disaster
survivors.

2\. Describe CERT organization and documentation requirements.

**SCOPE**  Introduction And Session Overview

 Disaster Psychology

 CERT Organization

 CERT Decision Making

 Documentation

 Tabletop Exercise

 Session Summary

+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| **TRAINING**    | The lead instructor will begin this session by     |
|                 | welcoming the participants to Session VI: Disaster |
| **METHODS**     | Psychology And Team Organization, and will         |
|                 | introduce the instructors for the session. The     |
|                 | instructor will then present a brief overview of   |
|                 | this session.                                      |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+

Next, the instructor will explain the importance of having an
understanding of the post-disaster emotional environment and the impact
that the emotional crisis may have on CERT members as well as victims.
The instructor will present the psychological and physiological symptoms
that victims and rescue personnel may exhibit and provide some
suggestions for how CERT members can help survivors cope with disaster
trauma and control their own stress.

+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| **TRAINING**    | The next topic of this session will be the CERT    |
|                 | organization Cits objectives, history, and         |
| **METHODS**     | characteristics---and how CERT efforts fit into    |
|                 | the overall ICS.                                   |
| (Continued)     |                                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
|                 |                                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+

Next, the instructor will review how CERTs mobilize in a disaster
situation, and CERT decision making, emphasizing the primary concern for
rescuer safety. How CERT strategies are affected by the severity of
structural damage will also be discussed at this time.

The final section will address CERT documentation requirements. The
instructor will once again emphasize the importance of CERT
documentation and introduce some of the forms that CERTs can use to
document different types of information.

After all of the material is presented and discussed, the participants
will take part in a tabletop exercise that will provide experience in
CERT planning and tactics. The plan developed during the tabletop
exercise will form the basis for the full-scale exercise in which the
group will participate in the final session.

**REFERENCES** *Community Emergency Response Team* Instructor Guide

*Community Emergency Response Team* Participant Handbook

Visuals 6.1 through 6.10

Final Examination

**PREPARATION** Before duplicating the Final Examination, specify in
question #2 a type of disaster event that might occur in your community.

**NOTES** A suggested time plan for this unit is as follows:

> Introduction And Session Overview 5 minutes
>
> Disaster Psychology 35 minutes
>
> CERT Organization 30 minutes
>
> CERT Decision Making 20 minutes
>
> Documentation 15 minutes
>
> Tabletop Exercise 40 minutes
>
> Session Summary 5 minutes

**Total Time: 2 hours 30 minutes**

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Total Topic:*   | **SESSION VI: DISASTER PSYCHOLOGY AND    |
| ](medi |                  | TEAM ORGANIZATION**                      |
| a/imag | *2 hours 30      |                                          |
| e1.wmf | minutes*         |                                          |
| ){widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |                                          |
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| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |                                          |
| 736111 |                  |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Total Topic:*   |   | **INTRODUCTION AND SESSION OVERVIEW**    |
| ](medi |                  |   |                                          |
| a/imag | *5 minutes*      |   |                                          |
| e1.wmf |                  |   |                                          |
| ){widt |                  |   |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |   |                                          |
| 659722 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222in" |                  |   |                                          |
| height |                  |   |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |   |                                          |
| 736111 |                  |   |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |   |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Participant     |   |  Welcome the participants to Session VI |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  |   | of the CERT training program.            |
| a/imag | PH VI-3.*        |   |                                          |
| e2.wmf |                  |   |  Introduce the instructors for this     |
| ){widt |                  |   | session and ask any new instructors to   |
| h="0.6 |                  |   | briefly describe their experience with   |
| 722222 |                  |   | disaster psychology and/or team          |
| 222222 |                  |   | organization.                            |
| 223in" |                  |   |                                          |
| height |                  |   |  Introduce this session by reminding    |
| ="0.46 |                  |   | the partici-pants that in previous       |
| 388888 |                  |   | sessions, they learned specific          |
| 888888 |                  |   | strategies and tasks to use in specific  |
| 89in"} |                  |   | situations. Tell them that in this       |
|        |                  |   | session, they will pull all that they    |
|        |                  |   | have learned together in a team          |
|        |                  |   | environment using the CERT organization  |
|        |                  |   | as a foundation.                         |
|        |                  |   |                                          |
|        |                  |   |  Stress the need for CERT members to be |
|        |                  |   | flexible to changing situations---to be  |
|        |                  |   | able to fill a variety of roles as the   |
|        |                  |   | emergency situation changes. Emphasize   |
|        |                  |   | that part of the CERT members'           |
|        |                  |   | flexibility must come from each          |
|        |                  |   | individual's ability to assess and       |
|        |                  |   | manage his or her own personal           |
|        |                  |   | situation.                               |
|        |                  |   |                                          |
|        |                  |   |  Tell the group that this session will  |
|        |                  |   | address techniques for managing one's    |
|        |                  |   | personal situation so that everyone's    |
|        |                  |   | needs---the victims', the individual     |
|        |                  |   | team members', and the community's---    |
|        |                  |   | can be met.                              |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  | * |                                          |
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|        |                  | * |                                          |
|        |                  | * |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *Visual 6.1*              |  Tell the participants that at the end  |
|                           | of this session, they will be able to:   |
| ![](media/image3.emf)     |                                          |
|                           | • Describe the post-disaster emotional   |
|                           | environment and the steps that rescuers  |
|                           | can take to relieve their own stressors  |
|                           | and those of disaster survivors.         |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Describe CERT organization and         |
|                           | documen-tation requirements.             |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Ask if anyone has any questions about  |
|                           | what will be covered in this session.    |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

**YOUR NOTES:**

+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Total Topic:*   |   | **DISASTER PSYCHOLOGY**                  |
| ](medi |                  |   |                                          |
| a/imag | *35 minutes*     |   |                                          |
| e1.wmf |                  |   |                                          |
| ){widt |                  |   |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |   |                                          |
| 659722 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222in" |                  |   |                                          |
| height |                  |   |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |   |                                          |
| 736111 |                  |   |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |   |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Participant     |   |  Introduce this section by telling the  |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  |   | participants that following an           |
| a/imag | PH*              |   | abnormally stressful event, such as a    |
| e2.wmf |                  |   | disaster, survivors normally experience  |
| ){widt | *VI-4.*          |   | a range of psychological and             |
| h="0.6 |                  |   | physiological reactions.                 |
| 722222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222222 |                  |   | **PHASES OF A CRISIS**                   |
| 223in" |                  |   |                                          |
| height |                  |   |  Explain that the strength and type of  |
| ="0.46 |                  |   | reaction depends on several factors:     |
| 388888 |                  |   |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |   | • Prior experience with the same or a    |
| 89in"} |                  |   | similar event.                           |
|        |                  |   |                                          |
|        |                  |   | • The intensity of the disruption in the |
|        |                  |   | survivors' lives.                        |
|        |                  |   |                                          |
|        |                  |   | • The length of time that has elapsed    |
|        |                  |   | between the event occurrence and the     |
|        |                  |   | present.                                 |
|        |                  |   |                                          |
|        |                  |   | • Individual feelings that there is no   |
|        |                  |   | escape, which sets the stage for panic.  |
|        |                  |   |                                          |
|        |                  |   | • The emotional strength of the          |
|        |                  |   | individual.                              |
|        |                  |   |                                          |
|        |                  |   |  Continue by explaining that, as one    |
|        |                  |   | might expect, survivors' reactions may   |
|        |                  |   | become intensified as the amount of      |
|        |                  |   | disruption to their lives increases.     |
|        |                  |   | That is, the more the survivors' lives   |
|        |                  |   | are disrupted, the greater their         |
|        |                  |   | psychological and physiological          |
|        |                  |   | reactions may become.                    |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
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+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
                                Tell the participants that they should
                               expect that survivors will show
                               psychological effects from the
                               disaster---and that they should expect
                               that some of the psychological warfare
                               will be directed toward them. Also point
                               out that the intensity of the survivors'
                               reactions will be greater as their lives
                               are disrupted.

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  | **PHASES OF A CRISIS** (Continued)       |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  |  Caution the group, however, that they  |
|        |                  | should not take the survivors' surface   |
|        |                  | attitudes personally. Rescuers may       |
|        |                  | expect to see a range of responses that  |
|        |                  | will vary from person to person, but the |
|        |                  | responses they see will be part of the   |
|        |                  | psycho-logical impact of the event---and |
|        |                  | probably will not relate to anything     |
|        |                  | that the CERTs have or have not done.    |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | **POST-EVENT PSYCHOLOGICAL AND           |
|        |                  | PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS**                 |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | [Instructor Note]{.underline}: This      |
|        |                  | section should enable the participants   |
|        |                  | to recognize the psychological reasons   |
|        |                  | for victims' reactions.                  |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > 1    | *Participant     |  Give examples of the types of          |
|        | Hand-book, page  | psychological and physiological          |
| ![     | PH VI-5.*        | responses that may be observed in        |
| ](medi |                  | disaster survivors. (Refer participants  |
| a/imag |                  | to their Participant Handbooks for a     |
| e2.wmf |                  | list of symptoms.)                       |
| ){widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  | • *Psychological symptoms:*              |
| 722222 |                  |                                          |
| 222222 |                  | \- Irritability, anger                   |
| 223in" |                  |                                          |
| height |                  | \- Self-blame, blaming others            |
| ="0.46 |                  |                                          |
| 388888 |                  | \- Isolation, withdrawal                 |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 89in"} |                  | \- Fear of recurrence                    |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Feeling stunned, numb, or overwhelmed |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Feeling helpless                      |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Mood swings                           |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Sadness, depression, grief            |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Denial                                |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Concentration, memory problems        |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  | **POST-EVENT PSYCHOLOGICAL AND           |
|        |                  | PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS** (Continued)     |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | • *Physiological symptoms:*              |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Loss of appetite                      |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Headaches, chest pain                 |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea        |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Hyperactivity                         |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Increase in alcohol or drug           |
|        |                  | consumption                              |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Nightmares                            |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Inability to sleep                    |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Fatigue, low energy                   |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |  Tell the group that some victims will  |
|        |                  | be potentially disruptive. Suggest that  |
|        |                  | they minimize this disruption by keeping |
|        |                  | these victims busy (e.g., getting        |
|        |                  | supplies).                               |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |  Explain that the intensity, timing,    |
|        |                  | and duration of symptoms will vary. They |
|        |                  | may be acute or mild, immediate and/or   |
|        |                  | delayed, and cumulative in intensity.    |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |  Caution participants that they need to |
|        |                  | be alert to signs of disaster trauma in  |
|        |                  | themselves, as well as in disaster       |
|        |                  | victims, so they can take steps to       |
|        |                  | alleviate stress.                        |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |  Remind the participants that they can  |
|        |                  | take preventive steps in their everyday  |
|        |                  | lives---e.g., exercise, rest, proper     |
|        |                  | nutrition---that can help them to handle |
|        |                  | the stress of a disaster situation.      |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  | **EMOTIONAL AID FOR RESCUERS**           |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Participant     |  Caution the participants against       |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  | taking on the survivors' feelings as     |
| a/imag | PH*              | their own. Explain that, after a         |
| e2.wmf |                  | disaster, they will see and hear things  |
| ){widt | *VI-7.*          | that will be extremely unpleasant, but   |
| h="0.6 |                  | advise the group that taking ownership   |
| 722222 |                  | of others' problems will compound their  |
| 222222 |                  | own and affect the CERT's overall goals. |
| 223in" |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |                                          |
| 388888 |                  |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 89in"} |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *Visual 6.2*              |  Explain that there are methods for     |
|                           | rescue workers to deal with their own    |
| ![](media/image4.emf)     | emotions. CERT leaders should be aware   |
|                           | of these methods:                        |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Explain to CERT personnel *before* the |
|                           | effort begins what they can expect to    |
|                           | see and what they can expect in terms of |
|                           | emotional response in the survivors and  |
|                           | themselves.                              |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *Provide personal         | • Emphasize that the CERT is a team.     |
| experiences to emphasize  | Sharing the workload and emotional load  |
| the reality of what the   | can help defuse pent-up emotions.        |
| participants will         |                                          |
| encounter after a         | • Encourage rescuers to rest and regroup |
| disaster.*                | so that they can avoid becoming          |
|                           | overtired.                               |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Direct rescuers to take breaks away    |
|                           | from the incident area, to get relief    |
|                           | from the stressors of the effort.        |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Encourage rescuers to eat properly and |
|                           | main-tain fluid intakes throughout the   |
|                           | operation. Explain that they should      |
|                           | drink water or other                     |
|                           | electrolyte-replacing fluids, and avoid  |
|                           | drinks with caffeine or refined sugar.   |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Rotate as teams for breaks or new      |
|                           | duties (i.e., from high-stress to        |
|                           | low-stress jobs). Team members can talk  |
|                           | with each other about their experiences. |
|                           | This is very important for their         |
|                           | psychological health.                    |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **EMOTIONAL AID FOR RESCUERS**           |
|                           | (Continued)                              |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *Emphasize that only the  | • Do not remove rescue workers from      |
| CERT members will know    | their duties abruptly. Gradually phase   |
| what reduces their        | them from high- to low-stress areas of   |
| personal stressors.*      | the incident.                            |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  As a team, CERT members should         |
|                           | organize a debriefing after the          |
|                           | operation. Workers should be encouraged  |
|                           | to describe what they encountered and to |
|                           | express their feelings about it.         |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Point out that experienced rescue      |
|                           | workers find these steps helpful in      |
|                           | controlling their stress levels, but in  |
|                           | some cases it might be necessary to seek |
|                           | help from mental health professionals.   |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Remind the group that they should      |
|                           | spend some time thinking about other     |
|                           | ways to reduce stress personally.        |
|                           | Emphasize that only they know what makes |
|                           | them able to reduce stress within        |
|                           | them-selves and that expending the       |
|                           | effort required to find personal stress  |
|                           | reducers is worthwhile *before* an       |
|                           | incident occurs.                         |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *Visual 6.3*              | **EMOTIONAL AID FOR VICTIMS**            |
|                           |                                          |
| ![](media/image5.emf)     |  Point out to the participants that as  |
|                           | rescuers they will invariably come into  |
|                           | contact with victims, many of whom will  |
|                           | be highly stressed as a result of their  |
|                           | experience. Suggest the following steps  |
|                           | as a way to help the survivors deal with |
|                           | the effects of their stress:             |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • *Establish rapport.* Talk to the       |
|                           | victims. Encourage them to talk about    |
|                           | their feelings and their physical needs. |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **EMOTIONAL AID FOR VICTIMS**            |
|                           | (Continued)                              |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • *Listen.* If the victim has something  |
|                           | to say, take the time to listen.         |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • *Empathize.* Show through your         |
|                           | response that you understand the         |
|                           | person's concerns and worries and that   |
|                           | such feelings are to be expected.        |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • *Provide confidentiality.* Don't       |
|                           | repeat personal information to other     |
|                           | people.                                  |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Ask the participants if anyone has any |
|                           | questions about the types of emotional   |
|                           | and physiological responses they can     |
|                           | expect to see following a disaster.      |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **?** *Discussion         |  After answering all of the             |
| question.*                | participants' questions, pose some "What |
|                           | would you do if . . ." questions to      |
|                           | ensure that they understand the concepts |
|                           | of this section. For example, ask the    |
|                           | participants, "What would you do if you  |
|                           | were attempting to rescue a victim and   |
|                           | the victim became hysterical?"           |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Tell the participants that the next    |
|                           | section will deal with the CERT          |
|                           | organization and how CERTs interrelate   |
|                           | with the ICS.                            |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Total Topic:*   |   | **CERT ORGANIZATION**                    |
| ](medi |                  |   |                                          |
| a/imag | *30 minutes*     |   |                                          |
| e1.wmf |                  |   |                                          |
| ){widt |                  |   |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |   |                                          |
| 659722 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222in" |                  |   |                                          |
| height |                  |   |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |   |                                          |
| 736111 |                  |   |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |   |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Participant     |   | **PURPOSE OF EMERGENCY ON-SCENE          |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  |   | MANAGEMENT**                             |
| a/imag | PH*              |   |                                          |
| e2.wmf |                  |   |                                          |
| ){widt | *VI-9.*          |   |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |   |                                          |
| 722222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 223in" |                  |   |                                          |
| height |                  |   |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |   |                                          |
| 388888 |                  |   |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |   |                                          |
| 89in"} |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| > 2    |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
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+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *Visual 6.5*              | **NEED FOR CERT ORGANIZATION**           |
|                           |                                          |
| ![](media/image7.emf)     |  Tell the participants that the         |
|                           | specific CERT organizational structure   |
|                           | now in use grew from a perceived need to |
|                           | provide the following:                   |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Effective communications among agency  |
|                           | personnel.                               |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • A well-defined management structure.   |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Accountability.                        |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+
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+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+
|        |                 |   |                                          |
+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Participant    |   | **OBJECTIVES OF CERT ORGANIZATION**      |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page |   |                                          |
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+--------+-----------------+---+------------------------------------------+

+--------------------------+------------------------------------------+---+
|                          | **CERT STRUCTURE**                       |   |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------------+---+
| *Visual 6.7*             |  Explain to the group the following     |   |
|                          | points about CERT structure:             |   |
| ![](media/image9.emf)    |                                          |   |
|                          | • Each CERT must establish a command     |   |
|                          | structure.                               |   |
|                          |                                          |   |
|                          | • A CERT Leader is appointed to direct   |   |
|                          | the operations of the team.              |   |
|                          |                                          |   |
|                          | • The location of the CERT Leader is     |   |
|                          | considered the Command Post for the      |   |
|                          | CERT.                                    |   |
|                          |                                          |   |
|                          | • The CERT Leader may appoint members to |   |
|                          | assist with managing resources,          |   |
|                          | services, and supplies (logistics).      |   |
|                          |                                          |   |
|                          | • The CERT may operate as a single team  |   |
|                          | that performs all functions as required. |   |
|                          |                                          |   |
|                          | • The CERT may be divided into smaller   |   |
|                          | teams (ERTs) of at least three people to |   |
|                          | achieve specific goals (e.g., fire       |   |
|                          | suppression, medical, search and         |   |
|                          | rescue), with a leader for each ERT.     |   |
|                          |                                          |   |
|                          | • In all situations, each functioning    |   |
|                          | unit must have an identified leader to   |   |
|                          | supervise tasks being performed.         |   |
|                          |                                          |   |
|                          |  Stress to the group that CERT          |   |
|                          | personnel should always be assigned to   |   |
|                          | teams consisting of at least three       |   |
|                          | persons:                                 |   |
|                          |                                          |   |
|                          | • One person will serve as a runner and  |   |
|                          | communicate with the Command Post.       |   |
|                          |                                          |   |
|                          | • Two people will "buddy up" to respond  |   |
|                          | to the immediate needs.                  |   |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------------+---+
|                          | **INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM**              |   |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------------+---+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *Visual 6.8*              |  Tell the group that the Incident       |
|                           | Command System (ICS) is the system used  |
| ![](media/image10.emf)    | by fire and law enforcement to manage    |
|                           | emergency operations. Add the following  |
|                           | to explain how CERTs interrelate with    |
|                           | the ICS:                                 |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • CERTs are part of the Operations       |
|                           | function of the ICS.                     |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • All CERTs report to the first fire or  |
|                           | law enforcement official at their        |
|                           | location and take directions from that   |
|                           | person.                                  |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **?** *Discussion         |  Ask the participants if anyone has any |
| question.*                | questions about CERT structure or the    |
|                           | ICS.                                     |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Tell the group that the next topic     |
|                           | will be CERT decision making. Explain    |
|                           | that some of the information will be a   |
|                           | review of topics covered in Session V:   |
|                           | Light Search And Rescue Operations.      |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

**YOUR NOTES:**

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > 11   | *Total Topic:*   | **CERT DECISION MAKING**                 |
|        |                  |                                          |
| ![     | *20 minutes*     |                                          |
| ](medi |                  |                                          |
| a/imag |                  |                                          |
| e1.wmf |                  |                                          |
| ){widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |                                          |
| 659722 |                  |                                          |
| 222222 |                  |                                          |
| 222in" |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |                                          |
| 736111 |                  |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Participant     | **CERT MOBILIZATION**                    |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  |                                          |
| a/imag | PH VI-13.*       |  Point out that CERT organization       |
| e2.wmf |                  | proceeds in the following way after an   |
| ){widt |                  | incident:                                |
| h="0.6 |                  |                                          |
| 722222 |                  | • Following the incident, CERT members   |
| 222222 |                  | take care of themselves, their families, |
| 223in" |                  | their homes, and their neighbors.        |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  | • Then CERT members proceed to the       |
| 388888 |                  | staging area with their disaster         |
| 888888 |                  | supplies. Along the way they make damage |
| 89in"} |                  | assessments that would be helpful for    |
|        |                  | the CERT Team Leader's decision making.  |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | • The first CERT member at the staging   |
|        |                  | area becomes the CERT Leader for the     |
|        |                  | response. As other CERT members arrive,  |
|        |                  | the CERT Leader makes team assignments,  |
|        |                  | including the Logistics Team             |
|        |                  | Leader---who is responsible for          |
|        |                  | maintaining flow of CERT members into    |
|        |                  | the staging area and tracking personnel  |
|        |                  | and supplies. Other Team Leaders and     |
|        |                  | team members are assigned based on their |
|        |                  | capabilities and the requirements of the |
|        |                  | incident.                                |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | • As disaster intelligence becomes       |
|        |                  | available through CERT members reporting |
|        |                  | to the staging area, emergent            |
|        |                  | volunteers, and functional-group reports |
|        |                  | (e.g., search and rescue), the CERT      |
|        |                  | Leader must prioritize actions and work  |
|        |                  | with the functional team leaders to      |
|        |                  | accomplish the CERT mission.             |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
|                           | **CERT MOBILIZATION** (Continued)        |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Remind the group that, following an    |
|                           | incident, information---and, therefore,  |
|                           | priorities---will be changing rapidly.   |
|                           | The CERT Leader must stay in close       |
|                           | contact with the Logistics Team Leader   |
|                           | and functional team leaders to ensure    |
|                           | that CERTs do not overextend their       |
|                           | resources or supplies.                   |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
                               **RESCUER SAFETY**

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Participant     |  Introduce this topic by telling the    |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  | participants that effective emergency    |
| a/imag | PH*              | scene management requires the            |
| e2.wmf |                  | formulation and communication of         |
| ){widt | *VI-14.*         | strategic goals and tactical objectives  |
| h="0.6 |                  | that are based primarily on the safety   |
| 722222 |                  | of rescue personnel.                     |
| 222222 |                  |                                          |
| 223in" |                  |  Remind the group that rescuer safety   |
| height |                  | is paramount. The question, "Is it safe  |
| ="0.46 |                  | for the CERT members to attempt the      |
| 388888 |                  | rescue?" is primary.                     |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 89in"} |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
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+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Participant     |   |  Refer the participants to their        |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  |   | Participant Handbooks, where specific    |
| a/imag | PH*              |   | strategies for rescue efforts based on   |
| e2.wmf |                  |   | degree of damage are identified. Review  |
| ){widt | *VI-15.*         |   | the strategies listed in the chart.      |
| h="0.6 |                  |   |                                          |
| 722222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 223in" |                  |   |                                          |
| height |                  |   |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |   |                                          |
| 388888 |                  |   |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |   |                                          |
| 89in"} |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Participant     |   |  Explain to the group that the extent   |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  |   | of involvement for the various CERT      |
| a/imag | PH*              |   | functional teams varies depending on the |
| e2.wmf |                  |   | level of damage encountered. (Refer the  |
| ){widt | *VI-16.*         |   | participants to their Participant        |
| h="0.6 |                  |   | Handbooks.)                              |
| 722222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 222222 |                  |   |                                          |
| 223in" |                  |   |                                          |
| height |                  |   |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |   |                                          |
| 388888 |                  |   |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |   |                                          |
| 89in"} |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| ![]    | *Write factors   |   |  Pose some "What would you do if . . ." |
| (media | on*              |   | questions that require the participants  |
| /image |                  |   | to identify rescue strategies            |
| 12.wmf | *flipchart.*     |   | appropriate for specific damage          |
| ){widt |                  |   | situations. For example, describe the    |
| h="0.6 |                  |   | type of disaster, type of structure, and |
| 680555 |                  |   | visible or probable damage. Ask          |
| 555555 |                  |   | participants to state what their primary |
| 555in" |                  |   | mission is, what they would do, and why. |
| height |                  |   |                                          |
| ="0.66 |                  |   | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**               |
| 319444 |                  |   |                                          |
| 444444 |                  |   |                                          |
| 44in"} |                  |   |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+
| **?**  |                  |  |                                          |
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|        |                  | i |                                          |
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|        |                  | e |                                          |
|        |                  | m |                                          |
|        |                  | e |                                          |
|        |                  | n |                                          |
|        |                  | t |                                          |
|        |                  | s |                                          |
|        |                  | f |                                          |
|        |                  | o |                                          |
|        |                  | r |                                          |
|        |                  | C |                                          |
|        |                  | E |                                          |
|        |                  | R |                                          |
|        |                  | T |                                          |
|        |                  | m |                                          |
|        |                  | e |                                          |
|        |                  | m |                                          |
|        |                  | b |                                          |
|        |                  | e |                                          |
|        |                  | r |                                          |
|        |                  | s |                                          |
|        |                  | . |                                          |
+--------+------------------+---+------------------------------------------+

**YOUR NOTES:**

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| ![     | *Total Topic:*   | **DOCUMENTATION**                        |
| ](medi |                  |                                          |
| a/imag | *15 minutes*     | **THE NEED TO DOCUMENT**                 |
| e1.wmf |                  |                                          |
| ){widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |                                          |
| 659722 |                  |                                          |
| 222222 |                  |                                          |
| 222in" |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.46 |                  |                                          |
| 736111 |                  |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !    | *Participant     |  Introduce this section by emphasizing  |
| [](med | Hand-book, page  | the importance of documentation and      |
| ia/ima | PH*              | communication about the disaster         |
| ge13.e |                  | situation and resource status. Stress    |
| mf){wi | *VI-17.*         | that efficient flow of information makes |
| dth="0 |                  | it possible for resources to be deployed |
| .65in" |                  | effectively and for professional         |
| >      |                  | emergency services to be applied         |
| height |                  | appropriately.                           |
| ="0.44 |                  |                                          |
| 861111 |                  |                                          |
| 111111 |                  |                                          |
| 11in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 12   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| *Visual 6.10*             |  Explain that, under the CERT           |
|                           | organization, each level of authority    |
| ![](media/image14.emf)    | has documentation responsibilities:      |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • Response teams and their functional    |
|                           | groups are responsible for providing the |
|                           | command post with ongoing information    |
|                           | about damage assessment, group status,   |
|                           | and ongoing needs.                       |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | • The command post is responsible for    |
|                           | documenting the situation status,        |
|                           | including:                               |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | \- Incident locations                    |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | \- Support locations                     |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | \- Access routes                         |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | \- Identified hazards                    |
|                           |                                          |
|                           | Stress that this information is vital    |
|                           | for tracking the overall disaster        |
|                           | situation.                               |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
                               **FORMS FOR DOCUMENTATION**

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

+--------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| > !    | *Participant    |  Explain that there are several standard |
| [](med | Hand-book, page | forms that can be used to facilitate      |
| ia/ima | PH*             | documentation and infor-mation flow.      |
| ge13.e |                 | Describe how each form is used and refer  |
| mf){wi | *VI-18.*        | the participants to their Participant     |
| dth="0 |                 | Handbooks for examples.                   |
| .65in" |                 |                                           |
| >      |                 | • The *Damage Assessment Survey* is       |
| height |                 | completed by CERT leaders and provides a  |
| ="0.44 |                 | summary of overall hazards in selected    |
| 861111 |                 | areas. It is used for prioritizing and    |
| 111111 |                 | formulating action plans.                 |
| 11in"} |                 |                                           |
| >      |                 | • The *Group Status Sheet* is completed   |
| > 19   |                 | by functional group leaders and is used   |
|        |                 | for:                                      |
|        |                 |                                           |
|        |                 | \- Tracking personnel assigned to the     |
|        |                 | group                                     |
|        |                 |                                           |
|        |                 | \- Monitoring group accountability        |
|        |                 |                                           |
|        |                 | • The *Message Form* is used for sending  |
|        |                 | messages between command levels and       |
|        |                 | groups. (Stress the need for messages to  |
|        |                 | be clear and concise.)                    |
|        |                 |                                           |
|        |                 | • The *Incident Status Record* is used by |
|        |                 | the command post for keeping abreast of   |
|        |                 | situation status. It contains essential   |
|        |                 | information for tracking the overall      |
|        |                 | situation.                                |
|        |                 |                                           |
|        |                 | • *Site maps and building plans* are used |
|        |                 | for visually tracking response            |
|        |                 | activities. Plastic overlays make it      |
|        |                 | possible to update information on a       |
|        |                 | continual basis.                          |
+--------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| *Full-size copies are    | -   Tell the participants that full-size  |
| also included in this    |     versions of the four forms shown are  |
| Guide for your           |     included at the end of Chapter VI in  |
| reference, starting on   |     their Participant Handbooks,          |
| page IG VI-29.*          |     following the Tabletop Exercise.      |
|                          |     Explain that these can be copied for  |
|                          |     use by the participants' CERT during  |
|                          |     practice exercises and actual         |
|                          |     disaster incidents.                   |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
|                          | **SUMMARY AND TRANSITION**                |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| **?** *Discussion         |  Ask if anyone has any questions about  |
| question.*                | CERT documentation requirements.         |
|                           |                                          |
|                           |  Tell the group that the remainder of   |
|                           | the session will be spent in a tabletop  |
|                           | exercise. The exercise will give the     |
|                           | participants the opportunity to apply    |
|                           | much of the knowledge they have gained   |
|                           | in this course to an actual disaster     |
|                           | scenario. Emphasize the "Rules of        |
|                           | Engagement." Stress the need for         |
|                           | following directions, communicating, and |
|                           | making "safe decisions."                 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------+

**YOUR NOTES:**

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !    | *Total Exercise: | **TABLETOP EXERCISE**                    |
| [](med | 40 minutes*      |                                          |
| ia/ima |                  | [Instructor Note]{.underline}: This      |
| ge15.e |                  | exercise is an interactive tabletop      |
| mf){wi |                  | activity that gives the participants an  |
| dth="0 |                  | opportunity to apply what they have      |
| .65in" |                  | learned about disaster psychology and    |
| > h    |                  | team organization. To facilitate this    |
| eight= |                  | exercise, complete the following steps:  |
| "0.468 |                  |                                          |
| 75in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 20   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > *A   |                  |                                          |
| > copy |                  |                                          |
| > of   |                  |                                          |
| > the  |                  |                                          |
| > Ta   |                  |                                          |
| bletop |                  |                                          |
| > Ex   |                  |                                          |
| ercise |                  |                                          |
| > is   |                  |                                          |
| > in   |                  |                                          |
| cluded |                  |                                          |
| > in   |                  |                                          |
| > this |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
|  Guide |                  |                                          |
| > at   |                  |                                          |
| > the  |                  |                                          |
| > end  |                  |                                          |
| > of   |                  |                                          |
| > the  |                  |                                          |
| > mat  |                  |                                          |
| erials |                  |                                          |
| > for  |                  |                                          |
| > this |                  |                                          |
| > ses  |                  |                                          |
| sion.* |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![]  | *Divide          | 1\. Divide the participants into small   |
| (media | participants     | groups and have each group sit at a      |
| /image | into table       | table.                                   |
| 16.wmf | groups.*         |                                          |
| ){widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  |                                          |
| 569444 |                  |                                          |
| 444444 |                  |                                          |
| 444in" |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.45 |                  |                                          |
| 833333 |                  |                                          |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 33in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 21   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Participant     | 2\. Refer the participants to the        |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  | section titled "Additional Materials" in |
| a/imag | PH*              | Chapter VI of their Participant          |
| e2.wmf |                  | Handbooks for the Tabletop Exercise, and |
| ){widt | *VI-31.*         | explain the objectives of the exercise.  |
| h="0.6 |                  |                                          |
| 583333 |                  | 3\. Explain that this exercise will      |
| 333333 |                  | provide the group with experience in     |
| 333in" |                  | command decision making. Remind the      |
| > h    |                  | group that CERT command objectives are   |
| eight= |                  | to:                                      |
| "0.445 |                  |                                          |
| 138888 |                  | • Identify the scope of the incident.    |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 86in"} |                  | • Determine an overall CERT strategy.    |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 22   |                  | • Set priorities and deploy resources.   |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | 4\. Review participants' roles in the    |
|        |                  | exercise and advise them that they have  |
|        |                  | 30 minutes to complete the exercise.     |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
  **?** *Discussion question.* 5\. At the end of the exercise, reconvene
                               the participants into a large group to
                               discuss the exercise results and answer
                               any questions the participants may have.

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

**YOUR NOTES:**

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > !    | *Total Topic:*   | **SESSION SUMMARY**                      |
| [](med |                  |                                          |
| ia/ima | *5 minutes*      |  Summarize the key points in this       |
| ge15.e |                  | session:                                 |
| mf){wi |                  |                                          |
| dth="0 |                  |                                          |
| .65in" |                  |                                          |
| > h    |                  |                                          |
| eight= |                  |                                          |
| "0.468 |                  |                                          |
| 75in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 23   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![]  | *Present key     | • Disaster survivors go through phases   |
| (media | points.*         | (impact phase, inventory phase, rescue   |
| /image |                  | phase, and remedy phase) in responding   |
| 17.wmf |                  | to a crisis.                             |
| ){widt |                  |                                          |
| h="0.6 |                  | • Following a disaster, children and     |
| 555555 |                  | adults may experience psychological and  |
| 555555 |                  | physiological symptoms related to        |
| 556in" |                  | trauma. These symptoms vary in time of   |
| >      |                  | onset, intensity, and duration.          |
| height |                  |                                          |
| ="0.27 |                  | • To assist victims, you can try several |
| 638888 |                  | approaches, including:                   |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 89in"} |                  | \- Establishing rapport with the         |
| >      |                  | victims.                                 |
| > 24   |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Listening carefully and empathizing   |
|        |                  | with the victims' concerns.              |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Keeping all conversations             |
|        |                  | confidential.                            |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | • Rescue workers need to be alert to     |
|        |                  | signs of disaster trauma in themselves   |
|        |                  | so they can deal with the stress.        |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | • CERT leaders must realize that team    |
|        |                  | members are also undergoing stress, and  |
|        |                  | take steps to help them deal with their  |
|        |                  | emotions.                                |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | • The ICS concept has proven its         |
|        |                  | usefulness in disaster response. The ICS |
|        |                  | provides a flexible means of controlling |
|        |                  | personnel, facilities, equipment, and    |
|        |                  | communication and can be expanded as     |
|        |                  | necessary. Its principles are used in    |
|        |                  | CERT organization.                       |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | • The key question that CERT leaders     |
|        |                  | must always ask is: *Is it safe for CERT |
|        |                  | members to attempt the rescue?* Whether  |
|        |                  | or not to attempt a rescue depends on    |
|        |                  | the degree of damage to the structure    |
|        |                  | involved.                                |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
|        |                  | **SESSION SUMMARY** (Continued)          |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | • It is vital to document and            |
|        |                  | communicate information about situation  |
|        |                  | and resource status to all CERT levels.  |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- Response teams and their functional   |
|        |                  | groups must provide the command post     |
|        |                  | with ongoing information about damage    |
|        |                  | assessment, group status, and ongoing    |
|        |                  | needs.                                   |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  | \- The command post must document the    |
|        |                  | situation status so that the overall     |
|        |                  | disaster situation can be tracked.       |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |  Ask the participants if anyone has any |
|        |                  | questions about anything covered in this |
|        |                  | session.                                 |
|        |                  |                                          |
|        |                  |  Tell the participants that the next    |
|        |                  | session simulates a disaster. Tell the   |
|        |                  | participants they should use their       |
|        |                  | Participant Handbooks and notes to       |
|        |                  | prepare for this simulation.             |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| > ![   | *Participant     |  Thank the participants for attending   |
| ](medi | Hand-book, page  | the session, and remind them to bring    |
| a/imag | PH*              | all of their medical and search and      |
| e2.wmf |                  | rescue equipment to the next session.    |
| ){widt | *VI-27.*         | Refer the participants to their          |
| h="0.6 |                  | Participant Handbooks for a list of      |
| 583333 |                  | needed supplies.                         |
| 333333 |                  |                                          |
| 333in" |                  |  Tell the participants about the        |
| > h    |                  | schedule for the final session, if       |
| eight= |                  | necessary.                               |
| "0.445 |                  |                                          |
| 138888 |                  |                                          |
| 888888 |                  |                                          |
| 86in"} |                  |                                          |
| >      |                  |                                          |
| > 25   |                  |                                          |
+--------+------------------+------------------------------------------+

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------
                                Distribute the Final Examination, and
                               ask participants to bring their completed
                               exams to the final session.

  ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------

**YOUR NOTES:**

**COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM**

**ADDITIONAL MATERIALS**

**SESSION VI**

**EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE**

**NATIONAL EMERGENCY TRAINING CENTER**

***CERT Tabletop Exercise***

A Level IV hurricane has struck your coastal community. Although you
evacuated the area at the time that the evacuation order was given, you
know that many of the "old timers" in your neighborhood chose to stay
and ride out the storm. Upon reentering your neighbor-hood, you are
surprised at what you see. Many of the houses on your street have been
washed off their footers by the storm.

As a CERT member, what are the first steps that you should take?

Your CERT staging area is located at the firehouse at Riverside and
Main. On the way to the staging area, you find many streets impassable
due to debris and fallen wires. Many of the newer homes in the community
appear to have suffered moderate to heavy damage--- several of them have
trees across their roofs.

Upon arriving at the staging area, you check in and wait for an
assignment. Damage information is coming in very quickly now. Among the
reports that the CERT Leader receives are:

• A partial collapse of the shelter at 3rd and Main that lost its roof
in the wind. Initial reports indicate that as many as 50 persons may be
inside the structure.

• A fire in a single-family residence on 4th between Main and Secondary.
The fire was caused by downed electrical lines. The structure is fully
involved.

• The smell of gas in the area of the corner of Ocean View and
Riverside.

• Several homes moved off of their footers along Beachfront Drive.
Houses along this street are owned by older residents who refused to
leave their homes. The woman at 2306 Beachfront is wheelchair-bound.

How would you prioritize the reports coming in? (Classify response
priorities as high or low based on the information received.)

Given the supplies and equipment list on the following page, how would
you assign your resources?

***CERT Tabletop Exercise***

*(Continued)*

***Supplies And Equipment Available***

*Medical Supplies Quantity*

 Stretchers 4

 Tarps 4

 Blankets 10

 Normal saline---one-liter bottle

 Disinfectant

 Bandaging rolls

 Bandages

 Triangular bandages

 Splints

 Soap

 Adhesive tape

*Equipment Quantity*

 Extinguishers---2A:40B:C 12

 Shovels 4

 Crowbars 4

 Axes 4

 AM/FM radios 3

 Miscellaneous stationery supplies

 Flashlights 10

![](media/image18.wmf){width="6.424305555555556in"
height="8.336805555555555in"}

![](media/image19.wmf){width="6.49375in" height="8.425694444444444in"}

![](media/image20.emf)

![](media/image21.wmf){width="6.522222222222222in"
height="8.331944444444444in"}