FILE NAME: Station Record AK 004.doc

LAST UPDATED: 08/11/08

**PRUDHOE BAY, ALASKA**

### BETTY PINGO

### Station Record

**STATION:** AK004, BETTY PINGO, FLUX STUDY SITE 95-1, PRUDHOE BAY (004)

+-----------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+
| **PROJECT       | C.A. Seybold   | F. E. Nelson  | K. M. Hinkel     |
| MANAGER:**      |                |               |                  |
|                 | USDA NRCS      | Department of | Department of    |
| > Phone:        |                | Geography     | Geography        |
| >               | Federal Bldg., |               |                  |
| > FAX:          | Rm. 152        | University of | University of    |
| >               |                | Delaware      | Cincinnati       |
| > E-mail:       | Lincoln, NE    |               |                  |
|                 | 68508          | Newark,       | Cincinnati, Ohio |
|                 |                | Delaware      | 45221-0131       |
|                 | \(402\)        | 19711         |                  |
|                 | 437-4132       |               | 513-556-3430     |
|                 |                | \(302\)       |                  |
|                 | \(402\)        | 831-0852      | 513-556-3370     |
|                 | 437-5336       |               |                  |
|                 |                | \(302\)       | 71042.264        |
|                 | cathy.seybol   | 831-6654      | 3@compuserve.com |
|                 | d@lin.usda.gov |               |                  |
|                 |                | fne           |                  |
|                 |                | lson@udel.edu |                  |
+-----------------+----------------+---------------+------------------+

**LOCATION:** On BP Prudhoe Bay oil field north of Deadhorse, Alaska.

GPS (06/22/96): 70° 16' 57.57" N

148° 53' 36.69" W

13 m elevation

GPS (06/7/97): 70° 16' 57.17" N

148° 53' 36.85" W

8 m elevation

GPS (08/18/98): 70° 16' 57.1" N

148° 53' 36.0" W

25 ft elevation

GPS (08/19/98): 70° 16' 57.0" N

148° 53' 37.1" W

61 ft elevation

GPS (08/19/98): 70° 16' 57.5" N

148° 53' 36.6" W

ft elevation

GPS (09/16/99): 70° 16' 57.0" N

148° 53' 36.1" W

78 ft elevation

GPS (04/28/00): 70° 16' 57.2" N

148° 53' 35.1" W

-112 ft elevation

GPS (08/14/01): 70° 16' 57.2" N

148° 53' 36.6" W

37 ft elevation

GPS (06/21/02): 70° 16' 57.3" N

148° 53' 36.8" W

52 ft elevation

GPS (08/21/03): 70° 16' 57.2" N

148° 53' 36.9" W

25 ft elevation

GPS (08/20/04): 70° 16' 57.3" N

148° 53' 36.6" W

31 ft elevation

GPS (08/17/05): 70° 16' 57.3" N

148° 53' 36.5" W

46 ft elevation

GPS (08/14/07): 70° 16' 57.3" N

148° 53' 36.5" W

43 ft elevation

GPS (08/09/08): 70° 16' 57.3" N

148° 53' 36.4" W

36 ft elevation

**INSTRUMENTATION:**

Summary

+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Quantity   | Description                     | Comments              |
+============+=================================+=======================+
| > \(1\)    | Campbell CR-10 datalogger SN:   | Installed 1996;       |
|            | 26587.                          | replaced 4/00.        |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > \(1\)    | Campbell CR-10X-2M datalogger   | Installed 4/00.       |
|            | SN: X19463. Wiring panel SN:    | Recalled              |
|            | 6411                            |                       |
|            |                                 | Replaced 8/01         |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > 1        | Campbell CR-10X-2M-XT           | Installed 8/01        |
|            | datalogger SN: X16686. Wiring   |                       |
|            | panel SN: 6411                  |                       |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > 1        | Campbell AM416 multiplexer SN:  | Installed 1996.       |
|            | 7602                            |                       |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > \(1\)    | Campbell SM192 storage module.  | Installed 1996,       |
|            |                                 | upgraded by Nelson    |
|            | (Campbell SM716 SN: 3212)       | (date?) to SM716;     |
|            |                                 | removed 4/00. Removed |
|            |                                 | 2003                  |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > 1        | Campbell Storage module SM4M    | Installed 2003        |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > 1        | Campbell PS12LA power supply.   | Installed 1996        |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > \(1\)    | 7 Ah battery                    | replaced 2003,        |
|            |                                 | removed 2005          |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > 1        | 12 Ah battery                   | Installed 2005        |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > 1        | Campbell Solar panel.           | Installed 1996,       |
|            |                                 | replaced 2005         |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > 1        | Campbell ENC 16/18 enclosure.   | Installed 1996.       |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > 6        | Vitel dielectric constant soil  | Installed 1996.       |
|            | moisture/temperature sensors.   |                       |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+
| > 3        | Campbell 107B soil temperature  | Installed 1997.       |
|            | sensors                         |                       |
+------------+---------------------------------+-----------------------+

+------------+---------+------------+-------+-------------------------+
| M          | POLYGON | VITEL      | DEPTH | COMMENTS                |
| ULTIPLEXER |         | PROBE      |       |                         |
|            | L       |            | \     |                         |
| POSITION   | OCATION | SERIAL \#  | (cm\) |                         |
+============+=========+============+=======+=========================+
| > 1        | >       | > 393      | > 10  | Horizontal              |
|            |  Center |            |       | installation.           |
+------------+---------+------------+-------+-------------------------+
| > 2        | >       | > 391      | > 25  | Horizontal              |
|            |  Center |            |       | installation.           |
+------------+---------+------------+-------+-------------------------+
| > 3        | >       | > 395      | > 40  | Vertical installation.  |
|            |  Center |            |       |                         |
+------------+---------+------------+-------+-------------------------+
| > 4        | > Rim   | > 348      | > 10  | Horizontal              |
|            |         |            |       | installation.           |
+------------+---------+------------+-------+-------------------------+
| > 5        | > Rim   | > 310      | > 25  | Vertical installation.  |
+------------+---------+------------+-------+-------------------------+
| > 6        | >       | > 314      | > 10  | Horizontal              |
|            |  Trough |            |       | installation.           |
+------------+---------+------------+-------+-------------------------+

**HISTORY:** [June 22, 1996]{.underline}: Station initiated. Sensors
installed in polygon containing an instrument mast used by another
researcher (Fritz Nelson?). Vitel soil moisture sensors were installed
at three depths, near the center of the polygon. The sensor serial
numbers and their respective depths are: #393 at 10 cm, #391 at 25 cm,
and #395 at 40 cm. The sensor at 40 cm was installed vertically in
frozen soil at the bottom of the hole. The other two sensors were
installed horizontally in the side of the hole. A second hole was dug in
the polygon rim and Vitel sensors number 348 and 310 were installed at
10 and 25 cm, respectively. The 25-cm sensor was installed vertically in
the bottom of the hole; the other was installed horizontally. A third
hole was dug in the trough between polygons. Vitel sensor #314 was
installed horizontally at 10 cm. The next day, June 23, 1966, a Campbell
CR10 datalogger was installed and the sensors connected to it. The
datalogger was programmed to read the sensors in the following order:
polygon center 10-cm depth, polygon center 25-cm depth, polygon center
40-cm depth, polygon rim 10-cm depth, polygon rim 25-cm depth, polygon
trough 10-cm depth. The sensor leads were encased in flexible conduit
(plastic coated steel). Datalogger was set to Alaska Savings Time.
Measurements are made at 20-minute intervals and averaged and recorded
every two hours. The logger program is *betty_ak*. The enclosure was
placed in a plastic garbage sack and wrapped with a plastic coated tarp,
secured with duct tape. The wrapped enclosure was placed on two boards
to raise it off the ground. A Campbell (SolarX) MSX10 solar panel was
connected to the logger. It leans on the logger enclosure with its edge
on the ground.

[June 7, 1997]{.underline}: Connected three Campbell 107B soil
temperature sensors to datalogger. Did not install them in the soil
because of snow cover. Dug solar panel out from under snow. Downloaded
data to Betty001.dat. Battery voltage is 12.1V. Everything looks OK.
Reprogrammed datalogger with program *betty2*. Measurements are now
averaged and recorded hourly. Added CR10TCR thermocouple reference for
the enclosure thermocouple. Datalogger time appears to be off by 12
hours. Wrapped enclosure with blue tarp.

[August 12, 1997]{.underline}: Installed the three temperature sensors
at 10, 25, and 40 cm in the center of the polygon where the datalogger
is located, next to the polygon where the Vitel sensors are installed.
The temperature sensor leads were too short to place the temperature
sensors in the same polygon as the Vitel sensors. Downloaded data to
Betty701.dat and Betty702.dat. Wrapped enclosure with blue tarp.

[August 18, 1998]{.underline}: Some animal chewed through one of the
soil temperature sensor wires (soil temp #3). Repaired wire. Downloaded
data to Betty001.dat. Wrapped enclosure with blue tarp.

[September 16, 1999]{.underline}: Downloaded data to Betty.dat and
Betty1.dat. Added desiccant. Wrapped enclosure with blue tarp.

[April 28, 2000]{.underline}: Walked to site on snowshoes. Station
completely buried under snow. No indication of location. Guessed
distance and direction from tripod and located enclosure on first shovel
of snow. Replaced CR10 datalogger with CR10X-2M. Removed storage module.
Downloaded data to Betty.dat. Downloaded program Betty v.2.00. Now reads
at 20-min intervals and averages hourly. Everything seems to be working
OK. Wrapped enclosure with blue tarp.

[August 14, 2001]{.underline}: Replaced recalled datalogger with
CR10X-2M-XT. Downloaded program Betty v.2.00. Everything seems to be
working OK. Added desiccant. Removed old desiccant. Left tarp off. Could
not communicate with recalled datalogger.

[June 22, 2002]{.underline}: Downloaded data to card. Downloaded program
Betty v.2.01. Set datalogger ID to 4. Li battery voltage = 3.1128. Did
not add desiccant. Everything seems to be working OK.

[August 21, 2003]{.underline}: Downloaded data. Added storage module SN:
3471. Added two desiccant. Replaced power supply---12V,7ah. Everything
seems to be working OK.

[August 20, 2004]{.underline}: Downloaded data from storage module.
Added storage module SN:3477. Station clock was 47.5 min behind---reset
station clock. Added two desiccants packs. Everything seems to be
working OK.

[August 17, 2005]{.underline}: Downloaded data from datalogger and
swapped storage modules. Internal battery was 3.09 volts. Retrieved
program from datalogger. Station clock was 1.5 min behind. Replaced the
7 Ah battery with a 12 Ah battery. Moved enclosure to lower legs of a
tripod. Buried all wires. Replaced solar panel. Added desiccant.
Everything seems to be working OK.

[August 19, 2006]{.underline}: Arrived at station at about 3:00 PM.
Swapped storage modules. Internal battery was 3.15 volts. Station clock
was 5 min behind; reset clock. Added two desiccant packs. Everything
seemed to be working OK.

[August 14, 2007]{.underline}: Arrived at station at about 11:00 AM.
Swapped storage modules. Internal battery was 3.124 volts. Station clock
was 30 seconds behind. Added two desiccant packs. Everything seemed to
be working OK.

[August 9, 2008]{.underline}: Arrived at station at about 12:40 PM.
Swapped storage modules. Internal battery was 3.13 volts. Station clock
was 3 minutes behind. Reset clock. Everything seemed to be working OK.
Add desiccant next time.

**DATA:**

DATALOGGER OUTPUT:

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  COL   OUTPUT    UNITS   LOCATION     SENSOR                 COMMENTS
  ----- --------- ------- ------------ ---------------------- --------------
  1     Station   N/A     N/A          Campbell CR10          004
        ID                                                    

  2     Year      N/A     N/A          Campbell CR10          

  3     Day       N/A     N/A          Campbell CR10          

  4     Time      N/A     N/A          Campbell CR10          AK savings
                                                              time

  5     Battery   Volts   Enclosure    Campbell CR10          

  6     Int Temp  °C      Datalogger   Campbell CR10          

  7     Ref Temp  °C      Enclosure    Campbell CR10TCR       

  8     Enc Temp  °C      Enclosure    Thermocouple           

  9     Soil Temp °C      Soil 10 cm   Campbell 107B          Adjacent
                                                              polygon

  10    Soil Temp °C      Soil 25 cm   Campbell 107B          Adjacent
                                                              polygon

  11    Soil Temp °C      Soil 40 cm   Campbell 107B          Adjacent
                                                              polygon

  12    1V1       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  13    2V1       Volts   Soil 25 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  14    3V1       Volts   Soil 40 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  15    4V1       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon rim
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  16    5V1       Volts   Soil 25 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon rim
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  17    6V1       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon trough
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  18    1V2       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  19    2V2       Volts   Soil 25 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  20    3V2       Volts   Soil 40 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  21    4V2       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon rim
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  22    5V2       Volts   Soil 25 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon rim
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  23    6V2       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon trough
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  24    1V3       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  25    2V3       Volts   Soil 25 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  26    3V3       Volts   Soil 40 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  27    4V3       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon rim
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  28    5V3       Volts   Soil 25 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon rim
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  29    6V3       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon trough
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  30    1V4       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  31    2V4       Volts   Soil 25 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  32    3V4       Volts   Soil 40 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon center
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  33    4V4       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon rim
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  34    5V4       Volts   Soil 25 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon rim
                                       Moisture/Temp          

  35    6V4       Volts   Soil 10 cm   Vitel Soil             Polygon trough
                                       Moisture/Temp          
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------

DATA PROCESSING ALGORITHMS:

Vitel Hydra Probe soil moisture, temperature, complex dielectric
constant, electrical conductivity, and salinity are determined from the
raw data (four voltages), and a calibration option (1, 2, or 3),
depending on the soil texture, with a program supplied by Vitel, Inc.
Option 2 (silt) used here.

DATA STORAGE AND ACCESS:

Processed data are available on the USDA NRCS NSSC Internet home page at
[http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov](http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/). Data are
in Excel files organized by calendar year. Each file consists of a page
containing all downloaded data for that year and 6 pages of processed
Vitel sensor data (one page for each sensor) with the following column
headings: HOUR, TIME, DATE, SENSOR, SOIL (calibration option), ER (real
part of the soil dielectric constant), EI (imaginary part of the soil
dielectric constant), TEMP (soil temperature C), ER-COR (temperature
corrected ER), EI_COR (temperature corrected EI), WATER (volume fraction
soil water content), SALINITY (soil salinity in g/l NaCl), SOIL_COND
(soil electrical conductivity in S/m or mhos/m), SOIL_COND_COR
(temperature corrected SOIL_COND in S/m or mhos/m), WATER_CON_COR
(temperature corrected soil water electrical conductivity in S/m or
mhos/m). The column headings for the annual data are: ID (site), YEAR,
DAY OF YEAR, HOUR, TIME, DATE, BATT VOLT (battery voltage), INT TEMP °C
(datalogger temperature), REF TEMP °C, TC °C (enclosure temperature),
SOIL TEMP 10 cm, SOIL TEMP 25 cm, SOIL TEMP 40 cm, 1V1 Center 10-cm
depth (Vitel), 1V2 Center 10-cm depth (Vitel), 1V3 Center 10-cm depth
(Vitel), 1V4 Center 10-cm depth (Vitel), 2V1 Center 25-cm depth (Vitel),
2V2 Center 25-cm depth (Vitel), 2V3 Center 25-cm depth (Vitel), 2V4
Center 25-cm depth (Vitel), 3V1 Center 40-cm depth (Vitel), 3V2 Center
40-cm depth (Vitel), 3V3 Center 40-cm depth (Vitel), 3V4 Center 40-cm
depth (Vitel), 4V1 Rim 10-cm depth (Vitel), 4V2 Rim 10-cm depth (Vitel),
4V3 Rim 10-cm depth (Vitel), 4V4 Rim 10-cm depth (Vitel), 4V1 Rim 25-cm
depth (Vitel), 4V2 Rim 25-cm depth (Vitel), 4V3 Rim 25-cm depth (Vitel),
4V4 Rim 25-cm depth (Vitel), 4V1 Trough 10-cm depth (Vitel), 4V2 Trough
10-cm depth (Vitel), 4V3 Trough 10-cm depth (Vitel), 4V4 Trough 10-cm
depth (Vitel).

**SOILS:** Sampled July 4, 1995.

Site 1:

GPS (7/4/95): 70° 16' 58.87" N

148° 53' 20.69" W

21 m elevation

Site 2a:

GPS (7/4/95): 70° 16' 29.44" N

148° 54' 57.12" W

14 m elevation

CLASSIFICATION:

**LANDSCAPE:** Polygons.

SLOPE:

ASPECT:

ELEVATION:

**VEGETATION:** Moss, grass, and small annual flowers.

GROUND COVER:

CANOPY COVER:

**COMMENTS:** Call BP Security for access approval. Denny Hubble or Lou
Poss. 907-659-4437. Use security badge to access oilfield.

**NOTES FOR NEXT STATION VISIT:** Routine maintenance.