Preface v

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations vi

Section 1 ONE Project Identification
[1-1](#section-1-1-project-identification)

Section 2 TWO Staff Organization [2-1](#section-2-2-staff-organization)

Section 3 THREE Site Information [3-1](#section-3-3-site-information)

3.1 Introduction [3-1](#introduction)

3.2 Historical Background [3-1](#historical-background)

3.3 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Facility Investigation
(RFI) Areas
[3-2](#resource-conservation-and-recovery-act-rcra-facility-investigation-rfi-areas)

Section 4 FOUR Work Activities [4-1](#section-4-4-work-activities)

Section 5 FIVE Hazard Assessment [5-1](#section-5-5-hazard-assessment)

5.1 Overview [5-1](#overview)

5.2 Hazard Summary [5-1](#hazard-summary)

5.3 Chemical Hazards [5-1](#chemical-hazards)

5.3.1 Soil Investigation [5-2](#soil-investigation)

5.3.2 Groundwater Investigation [5-2](#groundwater-investigation)

5.3.3 Investigation Beneath Existing Buildings
[5-3](#investigation-beneath-existing-buildings)

5.4 Physical Hazards [5-4](#physical-hazards)

5.5 Biological Hazards [5-5](#biological-hazards)

5.6 Hazard Assessment By Task [5-6](#hazard-assessment-by-task)

5.6.1 Groundwater Investigation [5-6](#groundwater-investigation-1)

5.6.2 Soil Investigation [5-6](#soil-investigation-1)

5.6.3 Subsurface Investigation Beneath Existing Buildings
[5-6](#subsurface-investigation-beneath-existing-buildings)

Section 6 SIX General Health and Safety Requirements
[6-1](#section-6-6-general-health-and-safety-requirements)

6.1 Medical Surveillance [6-1](#medical-surveillance)

6.2 Safety Training [6-1](#safety-training)

6.2.1 40-Hour Initial Training [6-1](#hour-initial-training)

6.2.2 Three-Day On-Site Supervision
[6-1](#three-day-on-site-supervision)

6.2.3 Site Supervisor [6-1](#site-supervisor)

6.2.4 Site Safety Officer [6-1](#site-safety-officer)

6.2.5 Site-Specific Safety Orientation Meeting
[6-1](#site-specific-safety-orientation-meeting)

6.3 Injury/Incident Reporting [6-2](#injuryincident-reporting)

6.4 Visitor Clearances [6-2](#visitor-clearances)

6.5 Buddy System [6-3](#buddy-system)

6.6 Drilling Guidelines [6-3](#drilling-guidelines)

6.7 Project Safety Logs [6-3](#project-safety-logs)

6.8 Controlled Area [6-3](#controlled-area)

6.9 Work Zones [6-3](#work-zones)

6.9.1 Exclusion Zone [6-3](#exclusion-zone)

6.9.2 Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ)
[6-4](#contamination-reduction-zone-crz)

6.9.3 Support Zone [6-4](#support-zone)

6.10 Field Activities [6-4](#field-activities)

6.10.1 Personnel Requirements/Prohibitions
[6-4](#personnel-requirementsprohibitions)

6.10.2 Contamination/Exposure Prevention
[6-5](#contaminationexposure-prevention)

6.10.3 Heavy Equipment Operation [6-5](#heavy-equipment-operation)

6.10.4 Heavy Materials and Drum Handling Safety
[6-6](#heavy-materials-and-drum-handling-safety)

6.10.5 Safety Precautions When Drilling
[6-6](#safety-precautions-when-drilling)

6.10.6 Housekeeping [6-7](#housekeeping)

6.11 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
[6-7](#personal-protective-equipment-ppe)

6.11.1 Steel-Toed Boots [6-7](#steel-toed-boots)

6.12 Emergency Equipment [6-8](#emergency-equipment)

6.13 Personnel Decontamination Procedures
[6-8](#personnel-decontamination-procedures)

6.13.1 Boots [6-8](#boots)

6.13.2 Respirators [6-8](#respirators)

6.14 Equipment Decontamination [6-9](#equipment-decontamination)

6.15 Air Quality and Personnel Exposure
[6-9](#air-quality-and-personnel-exposure)

6.15.1 Organic Vapor and Explosive Gas Monitoring
[6-9](#organic-vapor-and-explosive-gas-monitoring)

6.15.2 Personnel Exposure Monitoring
[6-9](#personnel-exposure-monitoring)

6.16 Heat Stress Monitoring [6-9](#heat-stress-monitoring)

6.17 Cold Stress Monitoring [6-10](#cold-stress-monitoring)

6.18 Work During Darkness [6-10](#work-during-darkness)

6.19 Confined Space Work [6-10](#confined-space-work)

6.20 Hot Work [6-10](#hot-work)

Section 7 SEVEN Site-Specific Health and Safety Requirements
[7-1](#section-7-7-site-specific-health-and-safety-requirements)

7.1 Introduction [7-1](#introduction-1)

7.2 Personal Protective Equipment [7-1](#personal-protective-equipment)

7.2.1 Level D [7-1](#level-d)

7.2.2 Modified Level D [7-1](#modified-level-d)

7.2.3 Level C [7-2](#level-c)

7.2.4 Level B [7-2](#level-b)

7.3 Action Levels [7-2](#action-levels)

7.4 Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) [7-2](#unexploded-ordnance-uxo)

Section 8 EIGHT Emergency Response Procedures
[8-1](#section-8-8-emergency-response-procedures)

8.1 Emergency Telephone [8-1](#emergency-telephone)

8.2 Emergency Medical Facilities [8-1](#emergency-medical-facilities)

8.3 Emergency Response Procedures [8-1](#emergency-response-procedures)

8.3.1 Physical Injury [8-1](#physical-injury)

8.3.2 Injury Due to Cold [8-1](#injury-due-to-cold)

8.3.3 Injury Due to Chemical Exposure
[8-2](#injury-due-to-chemical-exposure)

8.3.4 Emergency Services [8-3](#emergency-services)

Section 9 NINE Logs, Reports, and Record Keeping
[9-1](#section-9-9-logs-reports-and-record-keeping)

9.1 General [9-1](#general)

9.2 Personnel Records [9-1](#personnel-records)

Section 10 TEN Forms [10-1](#section-10-10-forms)

Section 11 ELEVEN Bibliography [11-1](#section-11-11-bibliography)

Tables Page

2-1 Responsibilities and Authority of Health and Safety Personnel 2-2

5-1 Potential Contaminants of Concern at the SEFC 5-8

5-2 Contaminants Detected at the SEFC 5-9

7-1 Activity, Potential Hazards, and Initial Levels of Protection 7-4

8-1 Emergency Telephone Numbers and Addresses 8-3

8-2 Emergency Action Checklist 8-4

Figures

3-1 Site Plan 3-4

5-1 Areas of Contamination, Block A 5-15

5-2 Areas of Contamination, Block F 5-16

5-3 Areas of Contamination, Block G 5-17

5-4 Areas of Contamination, Block H 5-18

5-5 Areas of Contamination, Block J 5-19

5-6 Areas of Contamination, Block K 5-20

5-7 Areas of Contamination, Block L 5-21

5-8 Areas of Contamination, Block M 5-22

5-9 Areas of Contamination, Block N 5-23

5-10 Areas of Contamination, Block O 5-24

5-11 Areas of Contamination, South of Blocks M, N, O (Area SF) 5-25

5-12 Extent of Benzene Plume in Shallow Groundwater 5-26

8-1 Location of Hospital 8-5

Appendices

A Hazard Communication Program

A.1 Written Hazard Communication Program

A.2 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

B Standard Operating Procedures

B.1 Safety Guidelines for Drilling into Soil and Rocks

B.2 Noise and Hearing Conservation

B.3 Motor Vehicle Safety

B.4 Heat Stress

B.5 Cold Stress

B.6 Electrical Safety

B.7 Injury/Incident Reporting

B.8 Personnel Decontamination

B.9 Drum Handling

B.10 Respiratory Protection

B.11 Calibration of Monitoring Instruments

This Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Health and Safety
Plan (HSP) presents health and safety (H&S) requirements and guidelines
for the RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI) to be performed at the
Southeast Federal Center (SEFC), specifically the work described in
Section 4.0 of this HSP. The document is intended to meet criteria
specified in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Final
Administrative Order on Consent (CO), Docket Number RCRA‑III-019 AM,
dated August 2, 1999. Criteria for the HSP are detailed in Attachment B
of the CO. This HSP is in compliance with applicable sections of
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) 1910 and 29 CFR 1926. This HSP has been prepared for
the exclusive use of employees of URS Group, Inc. (URS) and its
subcontractors. This HSP shall be available at all times during field
activities at SEFC.

This HSP shall not be used for work other than that described in Section
4.0, nor shall it be modified or used after the expiration date (one
year from date of issue) without written approval of the URS Project
Manager (PM), Health and Safety Manager (HSM), and Regional Health and
Safety Manager (RHSM). In addition, this plan shall not be used by firms
or persons not under contract to URS without written approval of the URS
General Engineering Division President. This plan is not valid unless it
is signed and dated by the PM, HSM, and RHSM. Any modifications to this
plan require a written addendum and must be approved by the individuals
signing on the title page or their authorized representatives.

Subcontractors may use their own plan if such a provision is contained
in a written agreement with URS. General H&S requirements in plans
prepared by subcontractors must be as stringent as those contained in
this plan.

  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------
  ACGIH          American Conference of Governmental Industrial
                 Hygienists

  As             Arsenic

  BZ             Breathing Zone

  Cd             Cadmium

  CFR            Code of Federal Regulations

  CGI            Combustible Gas Indicator

  CIH            Certified Industrial Hygienist

  CO             Final Administrative Order on Consent

  CPR            Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

  Cr             Chromium

  CRZ            Contamination Reduction Zone

  dB             Decibel

  dBA            Decibels on the A-scale

  EPA            Environmental Protection Agency

  FAPR           Full-face, air purifying respirator

  FCA            Federal Center Associates

  GSA            General Services Administration

  HEPA           High efficiency particulate air

  Hg             Mercury

  H&S            Health and Safety

  HSM            Health and Safety Manager

  HSP            Health and Safety Plan

  LBP            Lead-Based Paint

  LEL            Lower explosive limit

  mg/m^3^        Milligrams per cubic meter

  mg/kg          Milligrams per kilogram

  mg/L           Milligram per liter

  µg/kg          Microgram per kilogram

  µg/L           Microgram per liter

  MW             Monitoring Well

  MSA            Mine Safety Appliances

  MSDS           Material Safety Data Sheets

  NIOSH          National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

  OSHA           Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  OVA            Organic Vapor Analyzer

  OVC            Organic Vapor Cartridges

  PAH            Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

  PAH(c)         Carcinogenic Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons

  Pb             Lead

  PCB            Polychlorinated Biphenyls

  PEL            Permissible Exposure Limit

  PID            Photoionization Detector

  PPE            Personal Protective Equipment

  Ppm            Parts Per Million

  RCRA           Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

  REL            Recommended Exposure Limit

  RFI            RCRA Facility Investigation

  RHSM           Regional Health and Safety Manager

  SCBA           Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

  SEFC           Southeast Federal Center

  SOP            Standard Operating Procedure

  SSO            Site Safety Officer

  SVOC           Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

  TPH            Total petroleum hydrocarbon

  TWA            Time Weighted Average

  UXO            Unexploded Ordnance

  URS            URS Group, Inc.

  VOC            Volatile Organic Compounds

  WCFS           Woodward-Clyde Federal Services
  -------------- --------------------------------------------------------

# Section 1 1 Project Identification

Project Name: RCRA Facility Investigation

Project Number: 89-FR9401AL.00

Project Location: Southeast Federal Center

Washington, D.C.

URS Operating Unit: Gaithersburg, Maryland

Project Manager: Chris Gerber, P.G.

Author of the Plan: Patsy W. Glinsmann, CIH

Effective Dates: April 16, 2001 through

April 16, 2002

APPROVALS

+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------------+
|                                |              |                     |
+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------------+
| Chris Gerber, P.G.             |              | Date                |
|                                |              |                     |
| Project Manager                |              |                     |
+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------------+

+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------------+
|                                |              |                     |
+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------------+
| Patsy W. Glinsmann, CIH        |              | Date                |
|                                |              |                     |
| Health and Safety Manager      |              |                     |
+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------------+

+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------------+
|                                |              |                     |
+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------------+
| > Rod D. Petri, CSP            |              | Date                |
| >                              |              |                     |
| > Regional Health and Safety   |              |                     |
| > Manager                      |              |                     |
+--------------------------------+--------------+---------------------+

# Section 2 2 Staff Organization

This section describes the roles of the various positions on this
project as they pertain to health and safety (H&S). The responsibilities
and authority of each individual are presented in Table 2‑1.

URS Group, Inc. (URS) personnel who might be involved in intrusive field
activities include those listed below. Names marked with an asterisk
indicate personnel qualified to serve as Site Safety Officer (SSO).

Bucci, Dave

Dill, Kevin

Frey, Janet\*

Gallagher, Heatherton

Glinsmann, Patsy

Gerber, Chris\*

James, Tara

King, Tim\*

Lim, Mee\*

Poole, Larry\*

Rohrer, Laurel\*

Scherer, John

Schloner, Mitch\*

Silveri, Bryan

Troup, Alan

Tubbs, Dan

Other personnel may be assigned to this project as well. Personnel
working on this project will be approved by the Site Manager and the
Health and Safety Manager (HSM) and will meet the qualifications of 29
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.120 and this Health and Safety
Plan (HSP).

**TABLE 2-1. HEALTH AND SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY**

**URS GENERAL ENGINEERING DIVISION PRESIDENT: Irwin Rosenstein**

**[RESPONSIBILITIES]{.underline}**

-   Monitor the implementation of the H&S Program

-   Provide leadership and adequate resources for H&S

**[AUTHORITY]{.underline}**

-   Direct changes in the H&S Program

-   Determine and implement personnel disciplinary actions, as required

**URS OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT: D. Keith Whitenight**

**[RESPONSIBILITIES]{.underline}**

-   Provide leadership and adequate resources for H&S

-   Communicate regularly with the Regional Health and Safety Manager
    (RHSM) and HSM regarding H&S

-   Monitor the implementation of the H&S Program within the operations
    area of responsibility

**[AUTHORITY]{.underline}**

-   Determine and implement personnel disciplinary actions, as required

-   Appoint the RHSM, HSM, or Health and Safety Coordinator in
    cooperation with the H&S matrix manager

-   Suspend work on a project that jeopardizes the H&S of personnel

**PM: Chris Gerber, P.G.**

**[RESPONSIBILITIES]{.underline}**

-   Assure that projects are performed in a manner consistent with the
    URS H&S Program

-   Assure that the project HSPs are prepared, approved, and properly
    implemented when required

-   Implement HSPs

-   Assure that adequate funds are allocated to fully implement project
    H&S

-   Coordinate with the HSM on H&S matters

**[AUTHORITY]{.underline}**

Assign HSM-approved Site Safety Officer (SSO) to project and, if
necessary, assign a suitably qualified replacement

-   Suspend field activities, if H&S of personnel are endangered,
    pending an evaluation by the RHSM

-   Suspend an individual from field activities for infractions of the
    HSP, pending an evaluation by the HSM and/or RHSM.

**TABLE 2-1. HEALTH AND SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY
(continued)**

**URS HEALTH AND SAFETY DIRECTOR: Phillip L. Jones, CIH**

**[RESPONSIBILITIES]{.underline}**

-   Administration of the H&S Program

-   Track H&S regulations that affect URS

-   Maintain records pertaining to medical surveillance, training, fit
    testing, chemical exposure, and incidents

-   Update URS Health and Safety Manual

-   Manage the employee medical surveillance program

-   Audit key aspects of H&S Program and report effectiveness

-   Supervise RHSMs through a matrix management system

-   Provide practice leadership for the occupational safety and hygiene
    practice

**[AUTHORITY]{.underline}**

-   Implement improvements to the URS H&S Program

-   Approve the H&S qualifications of employees

-   Approve or disapprove HSPs

-   Establish employee training and medical surveillance procedures

-   Suspend work on any project that jeopardizes the H&S of personnel

-   Determine the types of occupational safety and industrial hygiene
    services to be provided by URS

**RHSM: Rod D. Petri, CSP**

**[RESPONSIBILITIES]{.underline}**

-   Direct the implementation of the H&S Program of the Operating Group
    (or responsibility area) and provide recommendations of improvement
    of the program

-   Coordinate H&S activities of the Operating Units in the Operating
    Group

-   Determine need for project HSPs

-   Maintain a high level of understanding regarding H&S regulations
    affecting URS

-   Review and approve HSPs

-   Monitor implementation of HSPs

-   Investigate reports of incidents or accidents and report to HSM

-   Provide employee H&S training in the Operating Group, particularly
    refresher training

-   Determine whether an accidental exposure or injury merits a change
    in the affected individual\'s work assignments and whether changes
    in work practices are required

-   Coordinate Operating Units with regard to H&S equipment needs

-   Supervise HSMs through a matrix management system, in cooperation
    with the Operating Unit Managers

**TABLE 2-1. HEALTH AND SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY
(continued)**

**[AUTHORITY]{.underline}**

-   Approve or disapprove HSPs

-   Direct Operating Unit HSM to prepare project HSPs

-   Access and review project files

-   Direct changes in personnel work practices to improve H&S of
    employees

-   Remove individuals from projects, if their conduct jeopardizes their
    H&S or that of co-workers

-   Suspend work on any project that jeopardizes the H&S of personnel
    involved

**OPERATING UNIT HSM: Patsy W. Glinsmann, CIH**

**[RESPONSIBILITIES]{.underline}**

-   Administer the H&S Program within the Operating Unit

-   Maintain a working understanding of key government H&S regulations
    and URS H&S policies

-   Interface with Project Managers in matters of H&S

-   Report to RHSM on H&S matters

-   Develop or review, approve or disapprove project HSPs prior to
    submittal to the RHSM for review

-   Conduct staff training and orientation on H&S related activities

-   Appoint or approve SSOs

-   Monitor compliance with HSPs and conduct site audits

-   Assist Project Managers in obtaining required H&S equipment

-   Approve personnel to work on hazardous waste management projects
    with regard to medical examinations and H&S training

-   Answer employee questions and concerns regarding H&S

**[AUTHORITY]{.underline}**

-   Suspend work or otherwise limit exposures to personnel, if H&S risks
    are unacceptable

-   Direct personnel to change work practices, if existing practices are
    deemed to be hazardous to H&S of personnel

-   Remove personnel from projects, if their actions or conditions
    endanger their H&S or the H&S of co-workers

**SSO: To be determined based on field activity and personnel
qualifications**

**[RESPONSIBILITIES]{.underline}**

-   Direct H&S activities on-site

-   Report immediately all safety related incidents or accidents to the
    HSM and Project Manager

-   Assist Project Managers in all aspects of implementing HSPs

-   Maintain H&S equipment on-site

**TABLE 2-1. HEALTH AND SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY**
**(continued)**

**[AUTHORITY]{.underline}**

-   Implement emergency procedures as required

-   Temporarily suspend field activities, if H&S of personnel are
    endangered, pending further consideration by the HSM and/or RHSM

-   Temporarily suspend an individual from field activities for
    infractions of the HSP, pending further consideration by the HSM
    and/or RHSM

# Section 3 3 Site Information

## INTRODUCTION

The Southeast Federal Center (SEFC) site consists of approximately
fifty-five acres and is located in southeast Washington, D.C. adjacent
to the Washington Navy Yard. It is bordered by M Street, S. E. to the
north and the Anacostia River to the south. The site was formerly
operated by the U.S. Navy as part of the Washington Navy Yard. Many of
the buildings have been under the control of the General Services
Administration (GSA) in recent years. It is currently an open,
waterfront site with a scattering of existing industrial structures,
several of which have significant historic and/or aesthetic merit. GSA
has initiated a plan to redevelop this land in a prudent and
environmentally responsive way. The re-development of the SEFC into a
federal office complex has been planned since the mid-1960s. Since the
site has been developed as an office complex for a number of years, all
utilities are available during investigative activities. A site map is
included in Figure 3-1.

The current re-development of the SEFC involves the demolition and
environmental abatement of existing structures on the site and
replacement of the existing seawall. Contamination of buildings, soils
and groundwater at the site has resulted from past industrial
activities, and has required and will require remediation prior to, or
in conjunction with, the current and proposed re-development.

## HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The historical background of the SEFC has been well documented in
various reports. Prior to 1800, much of the land now occupied by the
SEFC was under water. An inlet of the Anacostia River cut across the
site north to M Street, as well as an inlet or channel which penetrated
the site at 2nd Street. At the turn of the 19th Century, ship building
activities began due to pressures of impending war; and in 1803,
President Thomas Jefferson designated the Navy Yard as the home port of
the US Navy. The Navy Yard became increasingly active, with the
construction of wharves, warehouses and refineries. Later in its
history, ordnance research laboratories were added.

According to the references, the Navy Yard experienced three major
periods of growth: the late 1800s to 1902, the World War I period, and
the World War II period. The first expansion occurred at the turn of the
20th century, when the activity in the Navy Yard shifted from
shipbuilding to ordnance production. Following the onset of the
industrial revolution, the ordnance manufacturing demanded larger
buildings; thus the adjacent marsh and inlet were eventually filled in.
The increasingly industrial character of the Navy Yard included
electrical and railroad services.

The second and largest expansion occurred as a result of the enormous
increase in production at the weapons plant during World War I. By 1919,
the Navy Yard had more than doubled its size. To accommodate wartime
production needs, almost two dozen new buildings were constructed.
According to the references, the building ranged in size from small
warehouses to enormous foundries. The Navy Yard was capable of producing
16-inch diameter guns, 43 feet in length, weighing 127 tons. The
railroad system necessary to transport the bulk and refined materials
transected the entire site.

The third expansion period occurred due to President Franklin D.
Roosevelt\'s ambitions and desires to increase the power of the US Navy.
The Navy Yard was the center for ordnance production and damaged naval
vessel repairs during World War II. Following the war, the advent of
missiles and electronic equipment made the ordnance production
activities and manufacturing buildings at the site obsolete. All
ordnance production and manufacturing ceased by 1962.

Potential contaminants identified as a result of former operations of
the Navy Yard included: 1) heavy metals used in ordnance production; 2)
solvents used for cleaning and cyanide and phenols used for plating; 3)
solvents and metals used in paint-spraying, including lead (Pb),
chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As); and 4) substances used to
treat wood, and former coal and coal product storage areas \-- creosote,
polynuclear/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Other potential sources of contamination at the site are those
substances, essentially petroleum products, housed in storage tanks,
both above ground and underground. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) oil
storage areas were also present.

In 1963, the western portion of the Navy Yard was transferred from the
Department of the Navy to the GSA. The SEFC has housed a variety of
governmental activities and clients, including administrative offices,
warehousing and storage space, laboratories and light industrial
operations.

The reader is referred to the Description of Current Conditions and
Summary of Interim Measures/Site Stabilization (DCC & IM/SS) report
prepared by URS for a detailed summary of contaminants identified and
remediation conducted at the SEFC.

## Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Facility Investigation (RFI) Areas

Based on the investigations and interim measures/site stabilization
activities discussed in the URS DCC & IM/SS (URS, 2001a) and data
presented in URS's Use History and Proposed Investigation of Previously
Undocumented Buildings and Areas (USR, 2001b), the following
investigations will be conducted:

-   **AOI-BC**: Investigate further possible impacts to soil and
    groundwater at Blocks B and C that may have occurred as a result of
    past U.S. Navy use and operation of a shrinkage pit located in
    former Building 153 and a bridge crane runway north of former
    Building 153.

-   **AOI-BE**: Investigate possible impacts to soil and groundwater
    that may have occurred as a result of past GSA tenant vehicle
    maintenance activities conducted in former Building 216 (area
    between Blocks B and E).

-   **AOI-F1**: Investigate further the extent of remaining petroleum
    hydrocarbon impact in soil at excavation area F1, and possible
    impact to groundwater.

-   **AOI-G**: Investigate further the extent of remaining
    polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and petroleum hydrocarbon impact in
    soil at excavation areas G1 and G2, and possible impact to
    groundwater.

-   **AOI-H**: Investigate possible impacts to groundwater at Block H
    that may have occurred as a result of past U.S. Navy oil reclamation
    , coal storage, and scrap metal storage activities on this block.

-   **AOI-J**: Investigate possible impacts to soil and groundwater that
    may have occurred as a result of past U.S. Navy locomotive repair
    activities conducted in Building 74, naval gun assembly activities
    conducted in Building 202, and metal finishing activities conducted
    in former buildings on Block J .

-   **AOI-K**: Investigate further the extent of remaining metals in
    soil at excavation area K1, possible impacts from the former bridge
    crane runway operation on Block K, and possible impacts to
    groundwater.

-   **AOI-M1**: Investigate further the extent of remaining
    trichloroethene (TCE) in soil at excavation area M1.

-   **AOI-MN**: Investigate possible impacts to soil and groundwater
    that may have occurred as a result of past U.S. Navy industrial
    activities conducted in former Building 158 (the Brass Foundry),
    former Building 159 (the General Machine Shop), former Building 187
    (the Brass Smelter), bridge crane runway operations, and remaining
    PCBs in soil south of Building 167 (Blocks M and N).

-   **AOI-N3**: Investigate further the extent of remaining
    Benzo(a)pyrene in soil at excavation area N3 and possible impact to
    groundwater, and possible impacts to soil and groundwater from U.S.
    Navy cleaning and bridge crane runway operations.

-   **AOI-O1**: Investigate possible impacts to shallow soil that may
    have occurred as a result of past GSA use of the area around soil
    excavation Area O1 as a decommissioned PCB transformer temporary
    storage area and the extent of remaining lead in soil adjacent to
    Area O1, and possible impacts to soil and groundwater from U.S. Navy
    bridge crane runway operations.

-   **AOI-O2**: Investigate possible impacts to groundwater that may
    have occurred as a result of past U.S. Navy industrial activities
    conducted in former Building 137 (the Steel Foundry on Block O).
    Also, investigate further the extent of remaining petroleum
    hydrocarbon in soil at excavation Area O3 and remaining petroleum
    hydrocarbon and lead in soil at excavation Area O4.

-   **AOI SF**: Investigate the extent of metals impact to soil and
    groundwater, if any, north of excavation areas SF-1, SF2-2, and
    SF2-3.

-   **AOI-GW:** Conduct a survey of all existing monitor wells to assess
    their current condition. The presence, location, surface conditions,
    and well casing conditions will be investigated and evaluated as
    detailed in Section 2.2.10 of the FSP. Damaged wells will either be
    repaired or properly abandoned if deemed unusable for the monitoring
    program. Final decisions to abandon and replace, or abandon and not
    replace, wells will be made with the approval of the EPA. Conduct
    hydraulic testing on existing and new groundwater monitoring wells
    (slug tests and pump tests) in order to estimate the hydraulic
    properties of the water bearing zones. Conduct water level
    monitoring simultaneously on select groundwater monitoring wells and
    the level of the Anacostia River, adjacent to the SEFC, to assess
    the interaction between the river and local groundwater discharge or
    recharge. Conduct two quarters of groundwater monitoring at all site
    groundwater monitoring wells, including those installed under the
    RFI, to assess temporal variations in water levels and constituent
    concentrations.

FIGURE 3-1. GENERAL SITE MAP

# Section 4 4 Work Activities

This HSP covers work that could potentially be performed on any part of
the SEFC. The specific tasks covered by this plan follow:

-   Mechanized soil sampling (soil boring and split-spoon sampling)

-   Non-mechanized soil sampling (hand auger, shovel, etc.)

-   Groundwater monitor well installation

-   Well development

-   Groundwater monitor well sampling

-   Slug tests and pump tests

-   Drum Moving

-   Subsurface investigations beneath slabs of existing buildings

-   Decontamination

# Section 5 5 Hazard Assessment

## OVERVIEW

This HSP covers work that could potentially be performed on any part of
the SEFC. The specific tasks covered in this plan are referred to in the
previous Section 4.0. This HSP does not provide for worker protection in
confined spaces or in places with limited egress.

The work in this plan is investigative in nature. It must be recognized
that knowledge of the types of substances or chemicals that might be
encountered, or the concentrations of chemicals that might be found, are
obtained from previous studies in specific areas and from histories of
activities and disposal practices at SEFC. Based on a review of the
available documentation pertaining to SEFC, a list of contaminants of
concern was developed. This list is presented as Table 5-1. Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or other available chemical information for
these contaminants can be found in Appendix A along with MSDS for
materials to be brought to the site.

## HAZARD SUMMARY

This HSP considers work tasks that will be performed at SEFC during the
RFI. These tasks will be discussed in the hazard analysis in the
following section of this document.

## CHEMICAL HAZARDS

An analysis was performed to determine site-specific H&S requirements to
protect workers performing tasks outlined in Section 4.0. The analysis
was performed by studying sampling and site history information
available from SEFC. Taken into account were the chemical agents found
during previous investigations at SEFC, the toxicity and routes of
exposure to workers, and the capabilities of field detection devices.
Table 5-2 lists the chemicals detected in soil and groundwater in some
of the areas where investigative activity is expected to occur. This
table expresses the highest concentrations of contaminants detected in
soil and water as equivalent concentrations in air by using two
calculations given at the end of Table 5-2. Raoult\'s law is used to
calculate the concentration of contaminants that will volatilize into
air from water under ideal conditions. The second calculation was used
to convert the concentration of contaminants detected in soil to the
equivalent concentration the contaminant represents in both visible and
non-visible airborne dust assuming that the total particulate
concentration is 15 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^3^) of air. This
concentration corresponds to the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). Once the
contaminants are expressed in concentrations of mass per volume of air,
they can be compared to allowable exposure limits. This HSP has adopted
the use of the \"lowest allowable exposure limit\" which is the most
conservative of the exposure limits given by OSHA, the National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH.) Those
contaminants that were found to either exceed or fall within two orders
of magnitude of the lowest allowable exposure limit, or those that
present a dermal hazard are included in Table 5‑1. Inhalation and dermal
contact would be the primary routes of exposure. Ingestion is a
secondary route of exposure.

### Soil Investigation

Soil sampling may be conducted during this investigation to provide
additional delineation of contamination. Contaminants of concern are
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds
(SVOCs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), PCBs, and various metals.
Carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH(c)), Pb, and As
contamination are present, and PCBs have been detected at a few
locations in near surface soils (0-5 feet below ground surface) at SEFC.

A site-specific human health risk assessment (Kaselaan & D'Angelo (K&D),
Phase II Report, Subsurface Investigation at the SEFC, Washington, D.
C., July 25, 1991) established action (clean-up) levels of 10 parts per
million (ppm) for PAH(c), 10 ppm for As, and 2 ppm for PCBs. A Pb action
level was established at 500 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), the lower
limit of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) soil clean-up
guidelines. The locations where PCBs were found above action levels, and
several of the PAH(c), Pb and As contaminated locations appeared to be
isolated hot spots.

During URS's more recent study, Pb was detected in many areas, with the
highest concentration (4,100 mg/kg) located in Block H. The highest
concentration of TPH was also detected in the southern portion of Block
H, ranging from 3,200 to 11,000 mg/kg. These concentrations were
reported by Woodward-Clyde Federal Services (WCFS), now URS, in the
Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Update Report, SEFC, Washington,
D.C., April, 1996. The highest concentration of PCBs (210 mg/kg) was
reported in the K&D Phase II ESA. Further delineation of the area by URS
indicated lower concentrations in the surrounding soil.

As part of a voluntary action, URS established health-based
concentrations of chemicals for a residential land use scenario, or Tier
I action levels, for a number of contaminants. Concentrations of these
contaminants detected during site investigations above Tier I Action
Levels are indicated as shaded areas on Figures 5-1 through 5-11.

Although not detected in site soils, abandoned asbestos insulated piping
and non-energized (abandoned) asbestos wrapped electrical cable is
present at the SEFC and may be encountered during intrusive activities.
An MSDS for asbestos is contained in Appendix A.

### Groundwater Investigation

Thirty-six chemicals, including VOCs, SVOCs, metals and TPH have been
detected in groundwater. Of these, seven were present at concentrations
exceeding the risk-based residential action levels reported by URS in
their Phase II report. These were:

-   Benzene (exceeding the action level of 5 microgram per liter
    \[μg/L\]):

```{=html}
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```
-   2,000 μg/L at MW-03 (K&D data)

-   79 μg/L at MW-03 (URS data)

-   80 μg/L at MW-13

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```
-   1,1,2-Trichloroethane: 17 μg/L at MW-03, exceeding the action level
    of 5 μg/L

-   Iron (exceeding the action level of 18,250 μg/L):

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```
-   91,500 μg/L at MW-03

-   33,900 μg/L at MW-04

-   24,300 μg/L at MW-06

```{=html}
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```
-   Manganese: 7,090 μg/L at MW-03, exceeding the action level of 5,110
    μg/L

-   Nickel (exceeding the action level of 100 μg/L)

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   102 μg/L at MW-21

-   213 μg/L at MW-15

```{=html}
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```
-   Sodium (exceeding the action level of 5,110 μg/L)

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   All detections ranging from 5,480 μg/L to 311,000 μg/L

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   TPH (exceeding the action level of 1,000 μg/L)

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   1,100 --1,200 μg/L (MW 10)

-   1,600 μg/L (MW 13)

Hydropunch™ sampling detected additional VOCs, including
1,1-dichloroethene and trichloroethene. Also detected were benzene,
ethylbenzene, toluene and xylenes, particularly in Block B.

Benzene was detected in groundwater downgradient from a suspected
off-site source (a former gas station). The extent of the benzene plume
believed to have originated from this source is shown in Figure 5-12.

### Investigation Beneath Existing Buildings 

Subsurface investigation under existing buildings will require coring
through concrete slabs. Chemicals that may be present in these buildings
include Pb, PCBs, and mercury (Hg) associated with various building
components.

-   Lead (Pb)

Lead-based paint (LBP) has been identified in buildings at the SEFC.
Pure Pb is a heavy metal and a basic chemical element. It can combine
with various other substances to form numerous Pb compounds. The Pb must
be in such a form as to gain entrance into the body or tissue in
measurable quantities. The primary mode of entry of concern is the
inhalation of Pb dust, and the secondary mode of entry is ingestion if
poor personal hygiene is practiced. The Pb is a cumulative poison. It is
stored in the body and acts as a cellular poison to certain organ
systems before symptoms and disability become evident. The Pb poisoning
creates a red cell anemia and damages organs and tissues of the body
such as kidneys, liver, blood vessels, nervous system and reproductive
organs. Chemical and physical properties may vary depending upon the
specific compound.

The current OSHA standards aim to reduce the exposure to Pb for general
industry and construction workers. The most significant way to achieve
this is by adhering to the PEL of 0.05 mg/m^3^ of air and the Action
Level of 0.03 mg/m^3^ of air as 8-hour time weighted averages (TWA).

-   Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

The PCBs are oily, straw-colored liquids used as a dielectric in
capacitors and transformers as a heat exchange fluid and as a hydraulic
fluid. Exposure can occur through skin absorption, ingestion and
inhalation. They are irritants of the eyes and mucous membranes, toxic
to the liver, and cause an acneform dermatitis (chloracne). Systemic
effects are nausea, edema of the face and hands, and abdominal pain. The
PCBs are poorly metabolized and tend to accumulate in body tissues.

The OSHA PELs for two common PCBs are 0.5 mg/m^3^ (Aroclor 1254) and 1
mg/m^3^ (Aroclor 1242), both with a skin notation. The NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limit (REL) is 0.001 mg/m^3^; NIOSH also considers PCBs to be
carcinogens.

The PCBs are present in fluorescent light ballasts and some electrical
transformers, which are only a concern if leaking. It is not likely that
URS personnel will come into contact with ballasts or rooms containing
transformers.

-   Mercury (Hg)

Hg is a silver-white, heavy, liquid metal used in electrical apparatus,
measurements and control systems such as thermometers, agricultural and
industrial poisons, and anti-fouling paint. Routes of exposure are
inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. Inhalation of Hg vapor may
produce a metal-fume-fever-like syndrome, including chills, nausea,
general malaise, tightness in the chest, and respiratory symptoms. With
chronic exposure, early signs include weakness, fatigue, anorexia, loss
of weight, and disturbances of gastrointestinal function. At higher
exposures, a characteristic tremor appears.

Hg is present in fluorescent light tubes, which are present in various
buildings at the SEFC. It is not expected that URS personnel will be in
contact with Hg from these tubes.

The OSHA standard for Hg is a ceiling concentration of 0.1 mg/m^3^.
NIOSH has established a REL of 0.05 mg/m^3^, with a skin notation, and a
ceiling concentration of 0.1 mg/m^3^.

## PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Physical injuries are the most likely threat to the H&S of field
personnel. Slips, trips, and falls will be the most probable causes of
both minor and serious injuries. Other physical injuries may result from
improper lifting techniques, lifting excessive loads, working around
heavy equipment, motor vehicle accidents, or sunburn. The risk of
physical injury during site activities is much greater than are injuries
due to biological or chemical hazards. A high level of safety awareness
by field personnel is critical to preventing injury. Personnel should
always be aware of the location of heavy equipment on a construction
site, and should take precautions to ensure that equipment operators are
aware of their presence, as well.

The risk from physical injury during drilling operations is high. The
SEFC site is underlain with electrical lines carrying as much as 13,800
volts. Other buried utilities include steam, storm sewer, sanitary sewer
and water lines and communication cables. URS will clear utilities with
a SEFC site representative knowledgeable about the locations of
underground utilities prior to performing intrusive work. Drillers
previously encountered buried demolition/fill material, foundations and
railroad tracks. The potential for buried containers and/or drums is
low. The risk of exposure to excessive noise during drilling operations
is high. The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), Safety Guideline for
Drilling (HS203), is contained in Appendix B.1.

Exposure to excessive noise levels may occur when working around heavy
equipment, especially when pile-driving activities are in progress
during sea wall construction. Personnel will wear hearing protection
when noise levels are expected to exceed 85 decibels, as measured on the
A scale (dBA) as an 8-hour average or 140 decibels (dB) peak sound
pressure level for impulse or impact noise. Additional information on
noise exposure is included in Appendix B.2.

Fatigue resulting from long days on site may increase an employee\'s
probability of becoming involved in a motor vehicle or any other type of
accident. When personnel are expected to undertake a long drive back to
the office, hotel, or home after a long day in the field, they may not
be fully alert or they may be sleepy. Fatigue can be exacerbated by
exposure to temperature extremes. Refer to Appendix B.3 for information
on motor vehicle safety.

Environmental conditions may present additional health concerns due to
temperature extremes. The personal protective equipment (PPE), which may
be required for some activities, places a physical strain on the wearer
and may increase the risk of heat stress. In addition, PPE such as
respirators, gloves, and protective clothing limits visibility, hearing,
and manual dexterity. Information on heat stress and cold stress is
included in Appendices B.4 and B.5, respectively.

Physical injury from equipment operations and exposure to noise are also
a concern during coring inside buildings. Electrical hazards may be
present, especially when wet methods are utilized to suppress dust.
Information on electrical safety is included in Appendix B.6.

Security and illumination may be of concern when conducting pump tests
during night hours. Procedures to be followed during these activities
are included in Section 6.

## BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

Pigeon droppings may be present in buildings at the SEFC. The
contaminants of concern are *Cryptococcus neoformans* and *Histoplasma
capsulatum*, the causative fungi of cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis,
respectively. These fungi are natural inhabitants of the soil and become
aerosolized when the soil is disturbed, as occurs during construction,
demolition, and other earth-moving activities. They have a predilection
for growth in soils contaminated with bird droppings and are often found
in the vicinity of bird-roosting areas. These fungi may cause
occupational fungal diseases (mycoses) and are transmitted by the
respiratory route.

*[C. neoformans]{.underline}* -- Inhalation of fungal spores is the
major route of entry. The most common clinical manifestation of
cryptococcosis is infection of the cerebral cortex, brain stem,
cerebellum or meninges. Symptom onset may include headache, dizziness,
irritability, subtly altered mental status, personality change, and
visual symptoms. Pulmonary cryptococcosis has a variety of clinical
manifestations and an unpredictable course. Symptoms include dry cough
and chest pain, with little or no fever. The disease mainly affects
immunocompromised hosts (including patients with AIDS, sarcoidosis, or
lymphoma, and those requiring chronic steroids); occupational cases are
rare.

*[H. capsulatum]{.underline}* - Acute pneumonia may result from
exposures to inhaled particulates containing high concentrations of this
fungus. Cleanup, construction, or demolition in urban areas may be
associated with inhalation of airborne infectious spores; this is the
major route of exposure.

Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis typically presents with symptoms of
cough, pleuritic chest pain, fever, chills, myalgias, malaise, nausea,
anorexia, and weight loss. Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis occurs most
commonly in middle-aged men with underlying emphysema or chronic
bronchitis. Symptoms include cough and sputum production, chest pain,
dypsnea, malaise, weakness, fever, weight loss and fatigue. An exposure
should be suspected when several individuals develop respiratory illness
two weeks following a common outdoor exposure.

The prevention of inhalation exposures is recommended; the use of
negative pressure respirators equipped with high efficiency particulate
air (HEPA) cartridges (P100 series -- new NIOSH designation) decreases
the risk when conducting activities that increase the number of airborne
spores. Personnel will wear Level C protection when in the vicinity of
operations that disturb these areas of droppings.

## HAZARD ASSESSMENT BY TASK

This section presents a judgement of general risk by tasks from the
particular hazards associated with working at SEFC (i.e., chemical
exposure and physical injury). Specific PPE requirements by task and
task location (site) based on these judgments as well as available
information on chemical agents and activities are listed in Section 7.0.

### Groundwater Investigation

The risk of exposure to chemical hazards associated with Hydropunch
sampling, MW installation, well development and groundwater sampling is
low to medium, depending on the concentration and volatility of
contaminants. Pure product is not expected to be encountered during
these operations, however, its presence may increase the level of risk
to high. The risk of physical injury is medium to high, due to the use
of heavy equipment. Exposure to noise is also of concern.

The risk of exposure to chemical hazards associated with conducting slug
and pump tests is low to medium, depending on the concentration and
volatility of contaminants. The risk of physical injury is medium to
high, due to the use of heavy equipment. Exposure to noise is also of
concern.

### Soil Investigation

The risk of exposure to chemical hazards during the sampling of dry soil
by mechanical methods is medium to high due to TPH, Pb, As, PAH(c) and
PCB contamination, the possible presence of asbestos on structures
encountered during drilling, and the potential for creating airborne
dust. The use of heavy equipment presents a high risk for physical
injury. Noise exposure is also of concern.

The risk of exposure to chemical hazards during the sampling of dry soil
by hand is medium to high due to the potential for creating airborne
dust and the potential for dermal exposure. The risk of exposure to
physical hazards is low.

### Subsurface Investigation Beneath Existing Buildings 

The risk associated with subsurface investigation beneath existing
buildings is medium to high, depending on the contaminants present in
the underlying soil. Electrical hazards and noise are of concern when
coring through concrete. Generators will be placed outside buildings, to
prevent exposure to exhaust fumes. It is not expected that personnel
will come into contact or disturb LBP, PCBs or Hg, which may be present
on or within building components. Areas of avian excreta will be
identified and removed prior to starting work.

+------------------------------+---+-------------------------------------+
| **TABLE 5-1. POTENTIAL       |   |                                     |
| CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN AT   |   |                                     |
| THE SEFC**                   |   |                                     |
+------------------------------+---+-------------------------------------+
| > [Solvents]{.underline}     |   | [Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons  |
| >                            |   | (PAH)]{.underline}                  |
| > Benzene                    |   |                                     |
| >                            |   | Anthracene                          |
| > Bis-(2-chloroisopropyl)    |   |                                     |
| > ether                      |   | Benzo(a)anthracene\*\*              |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Carbon disulfide           |   | Benzo(a)pyrene                      |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Chloroform                 |   | Benzo(b)fluoranthene                |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Dichlorobenzidine          |   | Benzo(k)fluoranthene\*\*            |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > 1,1-Dichloroethene         |   | Benzo(g,h,i)perylene, methyl\*\*    |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > 2,4-Dimethyl Phenol\*      |   | Chrysene                            |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Di-sec octyl phthalate     |   | p-Cresol                            |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Methyl ethyl ketone        |   | Fluoranthene\*\*                    |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > 4-Nitrophenol\*            |   | Fluorene\*\*                        |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Toluene                    |   | Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene\*\*         |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > 1,2,4 Trichlorobenzene     |   | Phenanthrene                        |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > 1,1,2 Trichloroethane      |   | Pyrene                              |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Trichloroethylene          |   | [Pest                               |
| >                            |   | icides/Herbicides/PCBS]{.underline} |
| > [Petroleum                 |   |                                     |
| > products]{.underline}      |   | Aldrin                              |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Diesel fuel                |   | Arochlor 1260                       |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Fuel oils                  |   | Beta-BHC (trans-alpha-benzene       |
| >                            |   | hexachloride)                       |
| > Gasoline                   |   |                                     |
| >                            |   | [Other]{.underline}                 |
| > [Metals]{.underline}       |   |                                     |
| >                            |   | Asbestos                            |
| > Aluminum                   |   |                                     |
| >                            |   | [Materials to be brought to         |
| > Arsenic                    |   | site]{.underline}                   |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Barium                     |   | Alconox                             |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Beryllium                  |   | Methanol                            |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Cadmium                    |   | Nitric acid                         |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Copper                     |   | Gasoline                            |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Lead                       |   | Diesel fuel                         |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Manganese                  |   | \*\*MSDS for specific compounds not |
| >                            |   | available -- refer to coal tar      |
| > Mercury                    |   | creosote                            |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Nickel                     |   |                                     |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > Vanadium                   |   |                                     |
| >                            |   |                                     |
| > \*MSDS for specific        |   |                                     |
| > compounds not available -- |   |                                     |
| > refer to phenol            |   |                                     |
+------------------------------+---+-------------------------------------+

TABLE 5-2. CONTAMINANTS DETECTED AT THE SEFC

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 19%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th></th>
<th><strong>CAS #</strong></th>
<th><strong>Lowest Allowable Exposure Limit</strong></th>
<th><strong>IDLH</strong></th>
<th><strong>Skin Hazard</strong></th>
<th><strong>Odor Threshold</strong></th>
<th><p><strong>Carcinogen</strong></p>
<p><strong>Category</strong></p></th>
<th><strong>Mass Balance Calc for Soils (Dust conc. at total dust
PEL)</strong></th>
<th><strong>Detected Conc. in Soils</strong></th>
<th><strong>Detected Conc. in Water</strong></th>
<th><strong>Raoult's Law Calc. on water conc.</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th><strong>mg/m³</strong></th>
<th><strong>mg/kg</strong></th>
<th><strong>g/L</strong></th>
<th><strong>ppm</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Acetone</td>
<td>67-64-1</td>
<td><p>590 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>250ppm</p></td>
<td><p>6050 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>2500 ppm</p></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>mint like 47.5 - 1613.9 mg/m³</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>1.46E-05</td>
<td>9.70E-01</td>
<td>4.20E-04</td>
<td>3.08E-02</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Aldrin</td>
<td>309-00-2</td>
<td>0.25 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>25 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>3.75E-07</td>
<td>2.50E-02</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Aluminum (metal dust)</td>
<td>7429-90-5</td>
<td><p>5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> R</p>
<p>10 mg/m<sup>3</sup> T</p></td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>2.54E-01</td>
<td>1.69E+04</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Anthracene</td>
<td>120-12-7</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>Weak aromatic odor</td>
<td>IRIS A1</td>
<td>3.15E-04</td>
<td>2.10E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Aroclor 1260 (Polychlorinated Biphenyl, 60% chlorine)</td>
<td>12672-29-6</td>
<td>0.001 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>3.15E-03</td>
<td>2.10E+02</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Arsenic (Inorganic)(Metal)</td>
<td>7440-38-2</td>
<td>0.002 mg/m<sup>3</sup> C</td>
<td>5 mg/m³</td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS A</td>
<td>6.81E-04</td>
<td>4.54E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Barium</td>
<td>7440-39-3</td>
<td>0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>50 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>6.03E-03</td>
<td>4.02E+02</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Benzene</td>
<td>71-43-2</td>
<td>0.1 ppm</td>
<td>500 ppm</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>aromatic 5 - 119 ppm</td>
<td>IRIS A</td>
<td>0.00E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td>2.00E-03</td>
<td>4.55E-02</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Benzo(a)anthracene</td>
<td>56-55-3</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>8.25E-04</td>
<td>5.50E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Benzo(a)pyrene</td>
<td>50-32-8</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>faint aroma</td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>4.05E-04</td>
<td>2.70E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Benzo(b)fluoranthene</td>
<td>205-99-2</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>9.60E-04</td>
<td>6.40E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Benzo(g,h,i)perylene, methyl</td>
<td>191-24-2</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>1.20E-04</td>
<td>8.00E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Benzo(k)fluoranthene</td>
<td>207-08-9</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>9.60E-04</td>
<td>6.40E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Beryllium</td>
<td>7440-41-7</td>
<td>0.0005 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>4 mg/m³</td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>1.47E-05</td>
<td>9.80E-01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Beta-BHC (trans-alpha-benzene hexachloride)</td>
<td>319-85-7</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IRIS C</td>
<td>3.00E-07</td>
<td>2.00E-02</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>bis-(2-chloroisopropyl) ether</td>
<td>108-60-1</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4.05E-06</td>
<td>2.70E-01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Butanone 2- (Methyl Ethyl Ketone)</td>
<td>78-93-3</td>
<td>200 ppm</td>
<td>3000 ppm</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td><p>mint or acetone like</p>
<p>10 - 20 ppm</p></td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>7.50E-08</td>
<td>5.00E-03</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Butyl Benzopthalate</td>
<td>85-68-7</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>8.00E-06</td>
<td>5.22E-12</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Cadmium (dust)</td>
<td>7440-43-9</td>
<td>0.005 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>9 mg/m³</td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS B1</td>
<td>3.75E-05</td>
<td>2.50E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Carbon Disulfide</td>
<td>75-15-0</td>
<td><p>1 ppm</p>
<p>3 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p>500 ppm</p>
<p>1580 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>ether-like odor</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>4.50E-08</td>
<td>3.00E-03</td>
<td>1.20E-05</td>
<td>1.11E-03</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Chloroform</td>
<td>67-66-3</td>
<td>2ppm (ST) (Ca)</td>
<td>500 ppm (Ca)</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>2.00E-05</td>
<td>6.35E-04</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Chromium (metal)</td>
<td>7440-47-3</td>
<td>0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>250 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IARC 3</td>
<td>1.70E-03</td>
<td>1.13E+02</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Chrysene (1,2-Benzphenanthrene)</td>
<td>218-01-9</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m³ (b)</td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>7.65E-04</td>
<td>5.10E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cobalt (elemental and inorganic)</td>
<td>7440-48-4</td>
<td>0.05 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>20 mg/m³</td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>2.51E-04</td>
<td>1.67E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td>0.00E+00</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Copper (dust)</td>
<td>7440-50-8</td>
<td>1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>100 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>1.08E+00</td>
<td>7.19E+04</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Cresol, p-</td>
<td>106-44-5</td>
<td><p>10 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>2.3 ppm</p></td>
<td><p>1125 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>250 ppm</p></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5.85E-06</td>
<td>3.90E-01</td>
<td>6.60E-08</td>
<td>1.40E-09</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Dibenzofuran</td>
<td>132-64-9</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>7.95E-06</td>
<td>5.30E-01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Di-chlorobenzidine</td>
<td>84-68-4</td>
<td>NE (Ca)</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>5.25E-02</td>
<td>3.50E+03</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Di-chloroethene (vinylidene chloride)</td>
<td>75-35-4</td>
<td>NE (Ca)</td>
<td>NE (Ca)</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.00E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td>2.00E-03</td>
<td>2.44E-01</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dimethyl Phenol 2,4-</td>
<td>105-67-9</td>
<td>5 ppm(c)</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>0.0005 - 0.4 mg/m³</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>4.05E-03</td>
<td>2.70E+02</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Di-sec octyl phthalate</td>
<td>117-81-7</td>
<td>5 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>5000 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>slight odor</td>
<td>IARC 2B</td>
<td>2.40E-05</td>
<td>1.60E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td>0.00E+00</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Ethyl Benzene</td>
<td>100-41-4</td>
<td><p>434 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>100 ppm</p></td>
<td><p>3528 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>800 ppm</p></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>aromatic</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>3.60E-05</td>
<td>2.40E+00</td>
<td>6.30E-04</td>
<td>1.21E-03</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Fluoranthene (1,2-Benzacenaphthene)</td>
<td>206-44-0</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>1.80E-03</td>
<td>1.20E+02</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Fluorene (2,3-Benzindene)</td>
<td>867-37-1</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IARC 3</td>
<td>2.55E-04</td>
<td>1.70E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Indeno(1,2,3-c,d) pyrene</td>
<td>193-39-5</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>1.32E-04</td>
<td>8.80E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Iron (dust)</td>
<td>7439-89-6</td>
<td>5 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>2500 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td></td>
<td>1.04E+00</td>
<td>6.92E+04</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Lead (inorganic)</td>
<td>7439-92-1</td>
<td>0.05 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>100 mg/m³</td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>6.15E-02</td>
<td>4.10E+03</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Magnesium (dust)</td>
<td>1309-48-4</td>
<td>5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> R 15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> T</td>
<td>750 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>3.23E-01</td>
<td>2.15E+04</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Manganese</td>
<td>7439-96-5</td>
<td>1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>500 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IARC 4</td>
<td>3.84E-02</td>
<td>2.56E+03</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Mercury (vapor)</td>
<td>7439-97-6</td>
<td>0.025 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>10 mg/m³</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>5.55E-05</td>
<td>3.70E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Methylene Chloride</td>
<td>75-09-2</td>
<td><p>87 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>25 ppm</p></td>
<td><p>7980 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>2300 ppm</p></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>sweet, pleasant 160 - 307 ppm</td>
<td>IRIS B2</td>
<td>1.49E-05</td>
<td>9.90E-01</td>
<td>6.90E-05</td>
<td>6.74E-03</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Naphthalene</td>
<td>91-20-3</td>
<td><p>50 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>10 ppm</p></td>
<td><p>1333 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>250 ppm</p></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>Odor of mothballs</td>
<td></td>
<td>2.40E-04</td>
<td>1.60E+01</td>
<td>4.80E-05</td>
<td>7.09E-07</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Nickel (elemental)</td>
<td>7440-02-0</td>
<td>0.015 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>10 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS A1 (refinery dust)</td>
<td>6.96E-03</td>
<td>4.64E+02</td>
<td></td>
<td>0.00E+00</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Nitrophenol 4-</td>
<td>100-02-7</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>6.75E-07</td>
<td>4.50E-02</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Phenanthrene</td>
<td>85-01-8</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>faint, aromatic</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>2.10E-03</td>
<td>1.40E+02</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Potassium (metal dust)</td>
<td>7440-09-7</td>
<td>10 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td></td>
<td>2.85E-02</td>
<td>1.90E+03</td>
<td></td>
<td>0.00E+00</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Pyrene</td>
<td>129-00-0</td>
<td>0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>80 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td></td>
<td>IARC 4</td>
<td>1.29E-03</td>
<td>8.60E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td>0.00E+00</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Selenium</td>
<td>7782-49-2</td>
<td>0.2 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>1 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>1.46E-04</td>
<td>9.70E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Silver</td>
<td>7440-22-4</td>
<td>0.01 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>10 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>6.30E-05</td>
<td>4.20E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Toluene</td>
<td>108-88-3</td>
<td><p>100 ppm</p>
<p>375 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td><p>500 ppm</p>
<p>1885 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>sweet pungent 2.14 ppm</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>0.00E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td>4.40E-04</td>
<td>2.38E-03</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-</td>
<td>120-82-1</td>
<td><p>5 ppm C</p>
<p>37 mg/m<sup>3</sup> C</p></td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>Aromatic 3ppm</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>2.85E-04</td>
<td>1.90E+01</td>
<td>8.90E-07</td>
<td>7.78E-08</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Trichloroethane 1,1,2</td>
<td>79-00-5</td>
<td>10 ppm 45 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>100 ppm 555 mg/m<sup>3</sup></td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>Sweet chloroform like</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>0.00E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td>1.70E-05</td>
<td>5.73E-05</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Trichloroethylene</td>
<td>79-01-6</td>
<td>25 ppm</td>
<td>100 ppm</td>
<td>YES</td>
<td>Chloroform-like</td>
<td></td>
<td>9.75E-06</td>
<td>6.50E-01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Vanadium</td>
<td>1314-62-1</td>
<td>0.05 mg/m<sup>3</sup> C</td>
<td>35mg/m³</td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>NE</td>
<td>6.84E-04</td>
<td>4.56E+01</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Xylene, all isomers</td>
<td>1330-20-7</td>
<td><p>434 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>100 ppm</p></td>
<td><p>3969 mg/m<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>900 ppm</p></td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>aromatic</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>1.16E-04</td>
<td>7.70E+00</td>
<td>5.80E-04</td>
<td>1.16E-03</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Zinc Oxide Dust</td>
<td>1314-13-2</td>
<td><p>10 mg/m³ ST</p>
<p>5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> R 15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> C</p></td>
<td>500 mg/m³</td>
<td>NO</td>
<td>odorless</td>
<td>IRIS D</td>
<td>2.91E-05</td>
<td>1.94E+00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

  ------------- ------ --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
  **TABLE 5-2\                                                                                
  FOOTNOTES**                                                                                 

  A                    =   Risk-based concentration                                           
                           in ambient air, EPA                                                
                           Region III, October 15,                                            
                           1993. Calculations for                                             
                           carcinogens are based on                                           
                           combined childhood and                                             
                           adult exposure.                                                    
                           Calculations for                                                   
                           non-carcinogens are based                                          
                           on adult exposure.                                                 

  ACGIH                =   American Conference of                                             
                           Governmental Industrial                                            
                           Hygienists                                                         

  B                    =   This PEL/TLV is for all                                            
                           Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles                                           
                           combined. Separate                                                 
                           PEL/TLVs have not been                                             
                           established to date.                                               

  C                    =   These PEL/TLVs have not                                            
                           been established. The                                              
                           compounds are considered                                           
                           less toxic than Phenol                                             
                           and the odor thresholds                                            
                           are low enough to                                                  
                           indicate exposure if the                                           
                           PEL for Phenol is adopted                                          
                           for these compounds.                                               

  C                    =   Ceiling Limit, shall not                                           
                           be exceeded at any time                                            
                           during the work day                                                

  CAS \#               =   Chemical Abstracts                                                 
                           Service Registry Number                                            

  D                    =   Contaminant intake that                                            
                           should not induce adverse                                          
                           effects to human health                                            
                           or should not pose a risk                                          
                           of cancer occurrence                                               
                           greater than a                                                     
                           predetermined risk level.                                          
                           Developed by US Army                                               
                           Medical Bioengineering                                             
                           R&D Laboratory. Expressed                                          
                           in mg/kg/day.                                                      

  IARC                 =   International Agency for                                           
                           Research on Cancer                                                 

  IDLH                 =   Immediately Dangerous to                                           
                           Life or Health                                                     

  IRIS                 =   Integrated Risk                                                    
                           Information System                                                 

  LOAEL                =   Lowest-Observed-Adverse                                            
                           Effect Level as                                                    
                           determined by the                                                  
                           USEPA/1989                                                         

  LTE                  =   Long Term Exposure Limit                                           
                           greater than 14 days as                                            
                           determined by USEPA/1989.                                          

  ME                   =   Molecular weight                                                   

  mg/m^3^              =   milligrams of contaminant                                          
                           per cubic meter of air                                             

  NA                   =   Not Applicable                                                     

  NE                   =   Not Established                                                    

  OSHA                 =   Occupational Safety and                                            
                           Health Administration                                              

  PEL                  =   Permissible Exposure                                               
                           Limit, unless noted is                                             
                           the TWA, Time Weighted                                             
                           Average (usually for 8                                             
                           hours a day, 5 days a                                              
                           week), mandated by law                                             

  Ppm                  =   parts of contaminant per                                           
                           million parts of air                                               

  R                    =   Respirable Dust                                                    

  Rfd                  =   Chronic Oral Reference                                             
                           Dose as determined by the                                          
                           USEPA/1989                                                         

  S                    =   Short Term Exposure Limit                                          
                           (STEL) usually 15                                                  
                           minutes, four times in                                             
                           one day                                                            

  S/5/2                =   STEL for 5 minutes, twice                                          
                           per day                                                            

  Skin Hazard          =   Contaminant can be                                                 
                           absorbed through intact                                            
                           skin.                                                              

  STE                  =   Short Term Exposure less                                           
                           than 14 days for minimal                                           
                           risk other than cancer as                                          
                           determined by USEPA/1989                                           

  T                    =   Total Dust                                                         

  TLV                  =   Threshold Limit Value,                                             
                           unless noted is the TWA,                                           
                           Time Weighted Average                                              
                           (usually for 8 hours a                                             
                           day, 5 days a week),                                               
                           recommended Carcinogenic                                           
                           Category                                                           

  IRIS          IARC                                                                          

  A             1                                    Human Carcinogen                         

  B1            2A                                   Probable Human Carcinogen (limited human 
                                                     data)                                    

  B2            2B                                   Probable Human Carcinogen (sufficient in 
                                                     animals, Inadequate evidence in humans)  

  C             3                                    Possible Human Carcinogen                

  D             4                                    Not Classifiable                         

  E                                                  Evidence of Non-Carcinogen               
  ------------- ------ --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------

**TABLE 5-2. FOOTNOTES CONCLUDED**

1.  Conversion from concentration in soil to equivalent concentration in
    air:

concentration in mg/m^3^ = (concentration in soil in mg/kg) (15 mg/m^3^
) (1 x 10^-6^ kg/mg)

> Where: mg/m^3^ = milligrams of contaminant per cubic meter of air
>
> mg/kg = milligrams of contaminant per kilogram of soil
>
> 15 mg/m^3^ = OSHA PEL for total particulate
>
> 1x10^-6^ kg/mg = conversion factor
>
> This calculation assumes that the concentration of airborne dust does
> not exceed 15 mg/m^3^, and that the ratio of contaminant in soil is
> the same as its ratio in air.

2.  Conversion from concentration in water to equivalent concentration
    in air using Raoult\'s Law:

Where Mass (g) = (milligram per liter \[mg/L\] of contaminant ) x (1 x
10^-6^)

MW~c~ = molecular weight of contaminant

MW~w~ = molecular weight of water

p (mmHg) = (V~c~) (mole fraction)

Vc = Vapor pressure of contaminant at temperature of fluids in question

P~a~ = air pressure in mm Hg

**FIGURE 5-1 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-2 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-3 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-4 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-5 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-6 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-7 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-8 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-9 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-10 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-11 GOES HERE**

**FIGURE 5-12 GOES HERE**

# Section 6 6 General Health and Safety Requirements

## MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

All employees involved in field activities shall be active participants
in the URS medical surveillance program or the equivalent. All medical
examinations and procedures shall be performed by or under the
supervision of a physician who is board eligible or board certified in
occupational medicine.

## SAFETY TRAINING

Employees shall not participate in field activities until they have been
trained to a level required by their job function and responsibility.
Trainers shall have received a level of training higher than and
including the subject matter of the level of instruction they are
providing. All training and field experience shall be certified.
Training requirements are discussed below.

### 40-Hour Initial Training

All field employees must have completed the 40-hour initial H&S training
required under 29 CFR 1910.120. They must receive an 8-hour annual
refresher training thereafter.

### Three-Day On-site Supervision

All field employees shall be required to receive a minimum of three-days
of on-site training under the supervision of a trained and experienced
supervisor. On-site time under supervision shall be documented.

### Site Supervisor

The Site Supervisor (PM or designated alternate) must have completed the
basic 40-hour training course, 3‑days of on-site supervision, and at
least 8-hours of specialized training on managing hazardous waste
operations. The 8-hours of specialized training shall include
instruction covering the URS H&S program, employee training program, PPE
program, spill containment procedures, and health hazard monitoring
procedures and techniques.

### Site Safety Officer

The SSO must have completed the 40-hour training, 3-day on-site
supervision, first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training,
and at least 8-hours of specialized training on managing hazardous waste
operations. A first aid refresher is required every three years and a
CPR refresher is required annually.

### Site-Specific Safety Orientation Meeting

A site-specific safety orientation meeting shall be conducted for all
employees, including subcontractors, prior to the commencement of field
activities. The following topics will be discussed at this meeting:

-   Names of H&S personnel and alternates responsible for site H&S

-   Health and safety organization

-   Hazards at the site

-   Exposure risk

-   Personal protective equipment to be used

-   Personnel and equipment decontamination procedures

-   Air monitoring

-   Emergency procedures

All field personnel must be provided with and read a copy of this HSP.
At the end of the meeting, attendees should be informally quizzed to
assess their understanding of the H&S requirements. They should sign a
safety compliance agreement form stating they have read, understand, and
agree to comply with the provisions of the plan. Anyone refusing to sign
the form will be prohibited from working at the site.

If a new employee, who has not gone through the site-specific safety
orientation meeting is assigned to the site, the SSO must present a
similar briefing to the new employees before they participate in any
field activities. All new employees must sign the safety compliance
agreement form before beginning field work at SEFC.

## injury/INCIDENT REPORTING

In the event of an injury or incident, the SSO will **immediately**
notify the URS Project Manager, HSM, and RHSM. Types of injuries or
incidents considered reportable are as follows:

-   Illness resulting from chemical exposure or unknown causes

-   Physical injury including scratches and/or abrasions

-   Fire, explosions, and flashes resulting from activities performed by
    URS or its subcontractors

-   Infractions of safety rules and requirements

-   Unexpected chemical exposures

Work will be suspended to correct the cause of the injury/incident and
to modify this plan as necessary.

A URS injury/incident report form (Section 10.0) must be submitted to
the PM, HSM, and RHSM within 24 hours of occurrence. The PM will be
responsible for informing Federal Center Associates (FCA) and/or GSA of
any accidents/incidents reported by site personnel. An SOP for
injury/illness reporting is included in Appendix B.7.

## VISITOR CLEARANCES

All visitors entering the contamination reduction zone (CRZ) and
exclusion zone at the site will be required to read and verify
compliance with the provisions of this HSP. In addition, visitors will
be expected to comply with relevant OSHA requirements including medical
monitoring and training. All visitors will be expected to provide their
own protective equipment. Documentation of site visitor registration and
training is to be maintained on the Project Safety Log forms found in
Section 10.0.

In the event that a visitor does not adhere to the provisions of the
HSP, he/she will be requested to leave the work area. All nonconformance
incidents will be recorded on the Project Safety Log form.

## BUDDY SYSTEM

The \"Buddy System\" will be used during all field activities. At no
time will an individual enter or leave an exclusion zone alone. Before
entering an exclusion zone each individual will identify his/her
\"buddy\".

## DRILLING GUIDELINES

URS safety guidelines for drilling into soil and rock are outlined in
Appendix B.1.

## PROJECT SAFETY LOGS

Project Safety Log forms (Section 10.0) shall be maintained by the SSO
throughout the project and turned into the HSM after the project is
completed. Logged information shall include: (1) names of all URS, FCA,
GSA, contractor, and subcontractor personnel entering and leaving the
site each day, (2) dates each major field activity started and was
completed, (3) air monitoring data, (4) description of unforeseen
hazards and steps taken to mitigate these hazards, (5) summary of
telephone conversations regarding H&S, (6) safety infractions, if any,
(7) accidents and injuries, and (8) all other significant H&S items.

## CONTROLLED AREA

A controlled area is defined as an area within which all entry and
activities are regulated by URS because of intrusive activities underway
in that area. Rationale for the establishment of a controlled area would
include the need to control exposure of URS and non-URS personnel to any
anticipated hazards, and to protect URS personnel from the consequences
of non-URS operations at the site.

## WORK ZONES

Field personnel will establish three work zones around an intrusive
activity: the exclusion zone, the CRZ, and the support zone.

### Exclusion Zone

The exclusion zone is the area where contamination is or may be present.
All individuals entering this area must be approved by the HSM. Access
control points will be established at the periphery of the exclusion
zone to regulate the flow of personnel and equipment into and out of the
zone.

### Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ)

The CRZ is established outside the exclusion zone to minimize the
migration of contaminants from the exclusion zone, to clean or support
areas, and to reduce the exposure potential of individuals leaving the
exclusion zone. Specific personnel decontamination procedures are
outlined in Appendix B.8.

### Support Zone

The support zone is located in a clean area, preferably upwind and
immediately outside of the CRZ, or in the on-site vehicles. Supplies,
emergency equipment, and support personnel are located in the support
zone or in the on-site vehicles (i.e., drilling rig cab, contractors
field truck or van, etc.).

## FIELD ACTIVITIES

### Personnel Requirements/Prohibitions

-   No running or "horseplay."

-   The required level of PPE must be worn by all on-site personnel.

-   Eating, drinking, chewing gum or tobacco, smoking, or any practice
    that increases the probability of hand-to-mouth transfer and
    ingestion of material is prohibited in the exclusion zone and the
    CRZ; drinking of water, Gatorade, or equivalent fluids may occur in
    the CRZ at the discretion of the SSO. Fluids for consumption in the
    CRZ will be prepared outside the CRZ by a thoroughly deconned person
    and supplied to personnel inside the CRZ using disposal cup with
    lids and straws such that hand-to-mouth transfer of potential
    contaminants will be prevented.

-   Smoking, carrying lighters and/or matches is prohibited in the
    exclusion zone and in the CRZ.

-   No contact lenses may be worn by personnel engaged in field work
    requiring respirators.

-   No jewelry (including rings) may be worn by personnel engaged in
    field work, except for watches, which will be disposed of if they
    become contaminated.

-   Facial hair that interferes with a satisfactory fit of the
    mask-to-face seal is not allowed on personnel required to wear
    respirators or Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs).

-   Medicine and alcohol can increase the effects of exposure to toxic
    chemicals: PERSONNEL TAKING [ANY]{.underline} PRESCRIBED DRUGS MUST
    INFORM THE SITE SUPERVISOR, HSM, OR RHSM OF THIS FACT. THEY SHALL
    NOT BE ASSIGNED TO OPERATIONS WHERE THE POTENTIAL FOR ABSORPTION,
    INHALATION, OR INGESTION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES EXISTS UNLESS SPECIFIC
    APPROVAL HAS BEEN OBTAINED FROM A QUALIFIED PHYSICIAN; alcoholic
    beverage intake will not be allowed during breaks.

-   NO PERSON WILL ENTER THE EXCLUSION ZONE ALONE.

-   Safety devices on equipment must be left intact and used as
    designed.

-   Equipment and tools will be kept clean and in good repair and used
    only for their intended purpose.

-   A large-faced mallet will be used for driving wood stakes;
    small-faced hammers, such as a claw hammer, may not be used for
    driving wood stakes.

-   Eye protection must be worn when any hammering or pounding may
    produce flying particles or slivers.

-   Leather gloves must be worn when handling objects that may produce
    slivers (e.g., driving wood stakes).

### Contamination/Exposure Prevention

Ways in which on-site personnel may become contaminated include the
following:

-   Being splashed by contaminated liquids while sampling or handling
    liquids

-   Coming in contact with contaminated solids or liquids

-   Walking through contaminated materials, either in solid or liquid
    state

-   Being in contact with contaminated equipment

-   Being in contact with contaminated solid substances in waste piles
    or on the soil surface

-   Sitting or kneeling on the ground.

-   Being splashed by or coming into contact with analytical sample
    preservation chemicals and/or decontamination chemicals

On-site team members will avoid becoming contaminated as much as
possible.

On-site personnel will avoid exposure to hazardous chemicals by strictly
adhering to the required PPE and decontamination procedures.

Care will be taken to prevent equipment contamination as much as
possible. Sampling and monitoring equipment will not be laid on
contaminated surfaces. Monitoring equipment that cannot be easily
decontaminated will be bagged, and the bag taped and secured around the
instrument. Openings will be made in the bag for sample intake and
exhaust ports.

### Heavy Equipment Operation

The following information warrants extra attention regarding work around
heavy equipment (drill rigs, front end/backhoe loaders, etc.) and heavy
materials:

-   Use common sense.

-   Hard hats, steel-toed boots, and safety glasses [must]{.underline}
    be worn.

-   Pay attention at all times.

-   Maintain visual contact at all times.

-   All heavy equipment shall have backup alarms as specified by 29 CFR
    1926.601.

-   Only qualified persons are to operate heavy equipment.

-   Never walk directly in back of or to the side of heavy equipment
    without the operator\'s knowledge.

-   Never use a piece of equipment unless you are familiar with the
    operation; this applies to heavy as well as light equipment (i.e.,
    chain saws).

-   Hearing protection will be provided, if requested by an employee,
    and is required any time noise levels exceed 85 dB(A) continuous or
    140 dB impulse. Double hearing protection (muffs and ear plugs) will
    be provided anytime noise levels exceed 104 dBA.

-   Be sure that underground or overhead power lines, sewer lines, gas
    lines or telephone lines have been identified and that they will not
    present a hazard in the work area.

-   Wear high visibility vests during low light conditions and in areas
    subject to vehicular traffic.

### Heavy Materials and Drum Handling Safety

The following are guidelines to follow when working with heavy
materials:

-   Be aware of footing at all times.

-   Use chains, hoists, straps, and any other equipment to safely aid in
    the moving or lifting of heavy objects/materials.

-   Use your legs, not your back.

-   Get help whenever in doubt about a material\'s weight.

-   Use the "Buddy System."

More information on drum handling can be found in Appendix B.9.

### Safety Precautions When Drilling

All personnel engaged in drilling operations shall wear eye protection,
hard hats, steel-toed boots, and hearing and respiratory protection (if
required). Because tools and heavy equipment can create major hazards at
sites, the following procedures are to be followed during soil-boring
activities:

-   Hard hats are required when working near the drilling rig.

-   Goggles, safety glasses or face shields, as appropriate, will be
    worn when operating power tools for drilling, sanding, grinding, or
    filing.

-   Gloves are required to protect hands.

-   No loose-fitting clothing, jackets with hoods, jewelry, or free long
    hair is permitted near the rig.

-   Hands must be kept away from the moving parts of the machinery when
    drilling is in progress.

-   Daily inspection of all ropes, cables, bolts, and moving parts of
    the rig is mandatory.

-   A first-aid kit and fire extinguisher will be available at all
    times.

-   All crews will consist of at least two people, one of which will
    include a SSO or designated field team member, to monitor
    activities. If drilling activities are too demanding to allow one of
    the 2-person crew to perform adequate H&S monitoring, a third person
    (an SSO or designated field team member) will perform these duties.
    In such a case, the 2-person crew need not include an SSO.

-   No drilling will occur during impending electrical storms or when
    rain or icy conditions create a work hazard.

-   Keep drill rig clear of any overhead power lines.

### Housekeeping

Housekeeping is a very important aspect of an investigation program and
will be strongly stressed in all aspects of field work. Good
housekeeping plays a key role in occupational health protection and is a
way of preventing dispersion of dangerous contaminants. All work areas
will be kept as clean as possible at all time and spills will be cleaned
up immediately. Housekeeping will be the responsibility of all
employees.

To minimize the spread of contamination beyond the work site, URS will
implement a housekeeping program for field activities. The program will
include:

-   Checking the work area at the end of each work day to ensure that
    tools, chemicals, etc., are properly secured and that all work is
    properly containerized.

-   Changing of wash and rinse water for hands, face, and equipment when
    the water becomes visibly dirty.

-   Periodic (daily minimum) removal of all garbage bags and containers
    used to dispose of food products, plastic inner gloves, and
    contaminated disposable clothing.

## PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

The level of PPE required for each of the tasks will be continually
reevaluated as field work progresses. It is expected that there will be
increases or decreases in the level of PPE equipment required for
particular tasks. The PPE requirements for specific operations shall be
agreed upon beforehand by the PM, the HSM or RHSM, and the SSO. A
document to that effect will be drawn up, dated, and signed by the PM
and SSO. At a site safety meeting, the SSO shall inform workers of the
requirements and announce changes and justification for these changes.
The HSM or RHSM will publish a change to this plan if PPE changes are
permanent and if the HSM or RHSM considers the changes substantive.

### Steel-Toed Boots

Steel-toed protective boots will be worn by all workers performing field
activities.

## EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

The following emergency equipment will be available at each site of
intrusive activity:

-   First aid kit

-   Eye Wash

-   Potable water

-   Fire extinguisher (10-lb ABC)

## PERSONNEL DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

The SSO will be responsible for overseeing personnel decontamination.
Personnel decontamination will be performed in a separate area from
equipment decontamination. The CRZ will be located immediately outside
the exclusion zone. In this area, workers will:

1)  wash and rinse outer gloves

2)  wash and rinse outer boots or rubber boots (if required)

3)  remove outer boots (if required)

4)  remove outer gloves

5)  remove tyvek (if required)

6)  remove respiratory protection (if required)

7)  remove inner gloves

8)  wash and rinse hands and face

Disposable PPE will be disposed of in drums located within the CRZ. The
field activities described in this HSP are expected to be conducted over
a time period not to exceed six months. If this situation changes at a
later date and the planned field work is scheduled over a time period
exceeding six months, showers will be made available to site workers.

### Boots

Boots normally are protected by boot covers during field operations and
cleaned during personnel decontamination. Should boot covers become
grossly contaminated during field work, the gross contamination will be
scraped off before proceeding to the contamination reduction line. If
the boot covers cannot be decontaminated, they will be disposed of with
other contaminated material. The same procedures will apply when steel
toed rubber boots are used.

### Respirators

Personnel are trained, fitted, and issued personal respirators. Each
individual is responsible for cleaning, inspecting, maintaining, and
storing his/her own respirator. Respirators are washed and rinsed as
part of the contamination reduction process. They are then sanitized and
rinsed in a dedicated area, wiped dry, and stored in a clean plastic bag
until the next use. URS Corporation Safety Management Standard (SMS) 42,
Respiratory Protection (Appendix B.10) provides further detail on
procedures for cleaning, inspection, maintenance, and storage of
respirators.

## EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION

Where deemed necessary by the SSO, an initial gross equipment
decontamination area will be established immediately outside the
exclusion zone. At this location, vehicles and heavy equipment will be
cleaned with a pressure washer to remove gross contamination. After
initial decontamination, equipment will be driven to the final
decontamination area that will be designated prior to the commencement
of field activities. Vehicles not receiving gross decon will be
decontaminated at the area previously mentioned.

## AIR QUALITY AND PERSONNEL EXPOSURE

Air quality monitoring for SEFC field data collection operations will be
dependent on the specific operation, specific location, and available
data concerning that location. Personal air monitoring is conducted to
provide real time warning of excessive exposure to contaminants and also
to provide a characterization of personnel exposure for this work.

### Organic Vapor and Explosive Gas Monitoring

Organic vapor and explosive gas monitoring will be conducted any time
URS employees or subcontractors conduct intrusive activities. A Mine
Safety Appliance (MSA) Passport Photoionization Detector (PID) and a MSA
261 Combustible Gas Indicator (CGI) will be utilized. The SSO or
designated field team member will be responsible for performing ambient
air quality monitoring with the PID and CGI. Details concerning the PID
and the CGI are included in Appendix B.11.

### Personnel Exposure Monitoring

Air sampling for organic vapors will be performed continuously using the
MSA Passport PID and recorded at 15 minute intervals during intrusive
operations. The air in the breathing zone of the most exposed persons
will be sampled. All monitoring data must be entered on the Project
Safety Log forms. This information may be used to determine if PPE
requirements should be modified.

## HEAT STRESS MONITORING

To ensure operational and personal safety of workers, initial heat
stress monitoring for workers wearing protective clothing will be
conducted based on the following table. Additional information on heat
stress is included in Appendix B.4, URS Corporation SMS for Heat Stress.

  ------------------------- ------ --------------------------------------
  **ADJUSTED TEMPERATURE**         **TIME INTERVALS FOR HEAT STRESS
                                   MONITORING**

  90°F or above                    After each 15 minutes of work

  87.5 -- 90°F                     After each 30 minutes of work

  82.5 -- 87.5°F                   After each 60 minutes of work

  77.5 -- 82.5°F                   After each 90 minutes of work

  72.5 -- 77.5°F                   After each 120 minutes of work
  ------------------------- ------ --------------------------------------

## COLD STRESS MONITORING

Persons working outdoors in temperatures at or below freezing may be
frostbitten. Areas of the body most susceptible are the extremities.
Workers should be aware of loss of feeling in these areas. A more
serious form of cold stress is hypothermia. This results when the body
loses heat faster than it can produce it and can result in death. Cold
stress procedures are referenced in Appendix B.5.

## WORK DURING DARKNESS

Aquifer tests may be conducted during night hours. The gates at SEFC are
locked between 7 PM and 6AM and the area is patrolled by the Federal
Protective Service. The 24-hour emergency response telephone number is
(202) 708-1111. A cellular phone will be made available to employees
during the evening and night-time shifts. Adequate illumination (minimum
of 5 footcandles throughout the work area) will be provided using
lanterns and/or spotlights to enable personnel to conduct their work.
Each work crew will consist of a minimum of two field personnel.

## CONFINED SPACE WORK

No work in confined spaces or places with limited egress is permitted by
this plan.

## HOT WORK

No hot work (use of torches, welders, open flames) is anticipated to be
necessary for the scope of work covered by this plan.

# Section 7 7 Site-Specific Health and Safety Requirements

## INTRODUCTION

Site-specific H&S requirements generally consist of protective equipment
and decontamination procedures chosen according to the activity being
performed and the potential contaminants in the area of the activity.
Table 7-1 identifies levels of protection for the investigative
activities planned at SEFC.

## PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

### Level D

Level D may be used when the atmosphere contains no known hazard and
when work functions preclude splashes, immersion, or the potential for
unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any
chemical substance. Level D consists of:

-   Overalls/work clothes

-   Safety boots/shoes; chemical resistant with steel toe and shank
    (leather is permitted)

-   Safety glasses/goggles (when conducting, or in the vicinity of, any
    activity covered by this HSP)

-   Hard hat (when physical hazard to head exists)

-   Latex or specified gloves when handling soil, water or other
    material

-   Hearing protection if noise levels exceed 85 dBA (8-hour average) or
    140 dB peak (impact/impulse).

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-   Additional items may be required for specific locations or tasks

### Modified Level D

Modified Level D may be used in areas that normally can qualify for
Level D, but where a potential hazard requiring a minor upgrade in the
level of protection may exist. Modified Level D consists of:

-   Uncoated tyvek or equivalent

-   Rubber boots: chemical resistant with steel toe and shank or
    equivalent

-   Latex or specified gloves

-   Hard hat (when physical hazard to head exists)

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-   Safety glasses/goggles (when conducting, or in the vicinity of, any
    activity covered by this HSP)

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-   Hearing protection if noise levels exceed 85 dBA (8-hour average) or
    140 dB peak (impact/impulse).

-   Additional items may be required for specific locations or tasks

### Level C

Level C protection includes the following:

-   Coated tyvek or equivalent

-   Rubber boots: chemical resistant with steel-toe and shank or boots
    with steel toe and shank covered by disposable chemical resistant
    rubber boot covers

-   Latex inner gloves

-   Chemical resistant outer gloves (as specified)

-   Full face respirator (cartridges specific to sampling location)

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-   Hard hat (when physical hazard to head exists)

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-   Hearing protection if noise levels exceed 85 dBA (8-hour average) or
    140 dB peak (impact/impulse).

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-   Additional items may be required for specific locations or tasks

### Level B

Level B consists of the following:

-   Tyvek or equivalent disposable coverall

-   Saranex-coated outer coveralls with hood - all joints taped and
    sealed

-   Disposable chemical resistant inner gloves

-   Outer chemical resistant gloves

-   Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank

-   Disposable chemical resistant boot covers

-   Positive pressure full facepiece SCBA or supplied air respirator
    with escape SCBA

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-   Hard hat (when physical hazard to head exists)

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-   Hearing protection if noise levels exceed 85 dBA (8-hour average) or
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-   Additional items may be required in specific locations or tasks

## ACTION LEVELS

Table 7-1 shows action levels, the initial level of protection and air
monitoring requirements for the activities expected to be conducted
during the RCRA investigation.

## UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE (UXO)

There is the remote possibility that UXO and munitions components may be
encountered in areas of the SEFC. As a general rule no one should
disturb any suspicious looking objects. Prior to drilling work being
conducted, the surface area must be cleared using a metal detector. If
there is any indication that an UXO may be present, the MW or soil
boring will be re-located. Should it become necessary, areas will be
cleared of UXO by a qualified Explosive Ordnance Disposal unit. No
drilling will be performed over an area where UXO has been detected.

+-----+-------------+-----------+------+------+---------------------+
| *   |             |           |      |      |                     |
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| Pot |             |           |      |      |                     |
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| ial |             |           |      |      |                     |
| Ha  |             |           |      |      |                     |
| zar |             |           |      |      |                     |
| ds, |             |           |      |      |                     |
| and |             |           |      |      |                     |
| I   |             |           |      |      |                     |
| nit |             |           |      |      |                     |
| ial |             |           |      |      |                     |
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| of  |             |           |      |      |                     |
| Pro |             |           |      |      |                     |
| tec |             |           |      |      |                     |
| tio |             |           |      |      |                     |
| n** |             |           |      |      |                     |
+=====+=============+===========+======+======+=====================+
| Lo  | Potential   | Activity  | Ini  | Mo   | Upgrade/Downgrade   |
| cat | Hazards     |           | tial | nito | Action Levels       |
| ion |             |           | L    | ring |                     |
|     |             |           | evel | Requ |                     |
|     |             |           | of   | irem |                     |
|     |             |           | Pr   | ents |                     |
|     |             |           | otec |      |                     |
|     |             |           | tion |      |                     |
+-----+-------------+-----------+------+------+---------------------+
| T   | Chemical:   | All       | L    | Org  | PID \>5 ppm above   |
| hro | VOCs,       | drilling  | evel | anic | background in the   |
| ugh | SVOCs,      | ac        | D    | va   | BZ \>5 min. - go to |
| out | Metals,     | tivities; | (Nit | pors | Level C (FAPR with  |
| S   | PCBs, TPH   | M         | rile |      | OVCs/HEPA filters)  |
| ite |             | echanized | glo  | Dust |                     |
|     | Physical:   | soil      | ves: |      | \>30 ppm \> 5 min,  |
|     | Injuries    | sampling  | h    | O    | monitor with CGI.   |
|     | due to      | from      | eavy | ther | If \>10% LEL -      |
|     | heavy       | b         | w    |      | Evacuate until      |
|     | equipment   | oreholes; | ork; |      | level decreases.    |
|     | operation,  | Well      | l    |      |                     |
|     | drum        | inst      | atex |      | \>100 ppm \> 5 min  |
|     | handling    | allation, | glo  |      | Evacuate or go to   |
|     | and         | de        | ves: |      | Level B.            |
|     | lifting;    | velopment | l    |      |                     |
|     | Noise       | and       | ight |      | \>500 ppm EVACUATE  |
|     |             | sampling; | wo   |      | until level         |
|     |             | Hy        | rk); |      | decreases           |
|     |             | dropunch | hea  |      |                     |
|     |             | sampling; | ring |      | Use engineering     |
|     |             | Soil      | pr   |      | controls\* or go to |
|     |             | sampling  | otec |      | Level C.            |
|     |             | using     | tion |      |                     |
|     |             | hand      | when |      | If free product is  |
|     |             | methods;  | le   |      | present go to       |
|     |             | Geoprobe | vels |      | Modified Level D.   |
|     |             | sampling; | ex   |      |                     |
|     |             | Decon     | ceed |      |                     |
|     |             |           | 85   |      |                     |
|     |             |           | dBA  |      |                     |
+-----+-------------+-----------+------+------+---------------------+
| T   | Chemical:   | Slug/Pump | L    | Org  | PID \>5 ppm above   |
| hro | TPH,        | Tests     | evel | anic | background in the   |
| ugh | Metals,     |           | D    | va   | BZ \>5 min. - go to |
| out | VOCs, SVOCs |           | (Nit | pors | Level C (FAPR with  |
| s   |             |           | rile |      | OVCs/HEPA filters)  |
| ite | Physical:   |           | glo  |      |                     |
|     | Injuries    |           | ves: |      | \>30 ppm \> 5 min,  |
|     | due to      |           | h    |      | monitor with CGI.   |
|     | heavy       |           | eavy |      | If \>10% LEL -      |
|     | equipment   |           | w    |      | Evacuate until      |
|     | operation   |           | ork; |      | level decreases.    |
|     | and         |           | l    |      |                     |
|     | lifting;    |           | atex |      | \>100 ppm \> 5 min  |
|     | Noise;      |           | glo  |      | Evacuate or go to   |
|     | Security    |           | ves: |      | Level B.            |
|     | issues if   |           | l    |      |                     |
|     | nightwork   |           | ight |      | \>500 ppm EVACUATE  |
|     |             |           | wo   |      | until level         |
|     |             |           | rk): |      | decreases           |
|     |             |           | hea  |      |                     |
|     |             |           | ring |      |                     |
|     |             |           | pr   |      |                     |
|     |             |           | otec |      |                     |
|     |             |           | tion |      |                     |
|     |             |           | when |      |                     |
|     |             |           | le   |      |                     |
|     |             |           | vels |      |                     |
|     |             |           | ex   |      |                     |
|     |             |           | ceed |      |                     |
|     |             |           | 85   |      |                     |
|     |             |           | dBA  |      |                     |
+-----+-------------+-----------+------+------+---------------------+
| Ins | Chemical:   | Coring    | L    | C    | None -- if present, |
| ide | Pb, Hg,     | through   | evel | hemi | it is not expected  |
| v   | PCBs,       | concrete  | D    | cals | that disturbance of |
| ari | exhaust     | slab      | (Nit |      | Pb, Hg or PCBs will |
| ous | fumes       |           | rile | Dust | occur. Locate       |
| bui |             |           | glo  |      | generator outside   |
| ldi | Physical:   |           | ves: | A    | building to prevent |
| ngs | Injuries    |           | h    | vian | exposure to exhaust |
|     | due to      |           | eavy | exc  | fumes.              |
|     | equipment   |           | w    | reta |                     |
|     | operation   |           | ork; |      | Use engineering     |
|     | and         |           | l    |      | controls\* or go to |
|     | lifting;    |           | atex |      | Level C.            |
|     | Noise       |           | glo  |      |                     |
|     |             |           | ves: |      | Removal by          |
|     | Biological: |           | l    |      | qualified           |
|     | Avian       |           | ight |      | contractor prior to |
|     | excreta     |           | wo   |      | work.               |
|     |             |           | rk); |      |                     |
|     |             |           | hea  |      |                     |
|     |             |           | ring |      |                     |
|     |             |           | pr   |      |                     |
|     |             |           | otec |      |                     |
|     |             |           | tion |      |                     |
|     |             |           | when |      |                     |
|     |             |           | le   |      |                     |
|     |             |           | vels |      |                     |
|     |             |           | ex   |      |                     |
|     |             |           | ceed |      |                     |
|     |             |           | 85   |      |                     |
|     |             |           |  dBA |      |                     |
+-----+-------------+-----------+------+------+---------------------+

  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
  BZ - Breathing    CGI -- MSA 261    FAPR - Full-face  HEPA - High
  zone              Combustible gas   Air Purifying     efficiency
                    indicator         Respirator        particulate air

  LEL -- Lower      min. - minute     PID -- MSA        OVC - Organic
  explosive limit                     Passport          vapor cartridge
                                      Photoionization   
                                      Detector          

  \*Wet methods                                         
  and/or other                                          
  control measures                                      
  are to be used                                        
  whenever the                                          
  potential for                                         
  dust generation                                       
  from an operation                                     
  exists.                                               
  ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

# Section 8 8 Emergency Response Procedures

## EMERGENCY TELEPHONE

The closest accessible telephone during all working hours will be
identified by the SSO prior to commencing field activities. When working
in remote areas (i.e. no active facilities in sight), a portable
telephone will be available. Emergency telephone numbers will be posted
in the URS field vehicle and field office trailer and will be available
from the URS SSO present at all site activities.

## EMERGENCY MEDICAL FACILITIES

The emergency medical facilities used for this work are:

Off-site: George Washington University Hospital

901 23rd Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C.

Emergency: (202) 994-3211

## EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES

To obtain emergency medical treatment and ambulance service at SEFC dial
911 (for cellular phones, be prepared to give the operator your name and
location address). Other emergency telephone numbers are included in
Table 8-1.

An emergency action checklist has been developed and will be maintained
and kept readily available in the URS field vehicles and field office
trailer. This checklist appears as Table 8-2. The checklist covers the
emergency requirements of this HSP and will be revised and updated to
reflect any and all new emergency procedures and requirements. The
checklist, and all updates, will be approved by the PM.

### Physical Injury

In the event of physical injury, the following steps will be taken:

-   Evaluate the extent of injuries

-   Summon emergency help (Dial 911; for cellular phones, be prepared to
    give the operator your name and location address) as deemed
    necessary by the SSO or the SSO\'s designee

-   Modify decontamination procedures as appropriate considering the
    actual levels of contaminants on the person (if any) and types or
    severity's of injuries

-   Apply first aid

If minor injuries occur, decontaminate and transport the individual to
George Washington University Hospital (Figure 8-1). Medical attention
must be sought regardless of how minor the injuries appear to be.

### Injury Due to Cold

First aid for frostbite consists of the following procedures:

-   Decontaminate victim

-   Bring victim indoors and quickly rewarm the affected areas in water
    between 102° and 105° F

-   Give victim a warm drink - NOT coffee, tea, or alcohol

-   Do not permit the victim to smoke

-   Keep the frozen parts in warm water or covered with warm cloths for
    30 minutes, even though the tissue will be very painful as it thaws

-   Evaluate the injured areas and cover with sterile, soft, dry
    material

-   Keep the victim warm and get immediate medical care

-   Do not rub the frostbitten part

-   Do not allow blisters to be broken

-   Do not use ice, snow, gasoline, or anything cold on frostbite

-   Do not use heat lamps or hot water bottles to rewarm the part

-   Do not place the affected part near a hot stove

First aid for exposure to cold (hypothermia) consists of the following
procedures:

-   Decontaminate victim

-   Bring victim into a warm area as quickly as possible

-   Remove wet or cold garments

-   Dry the person thoroughly

-   Provide warm, dry clothing or covering

-   Provide rapid but gentle rewarming

-   Give victim a warm drink - NOT coffee, tea or alcohol

-   Keep the victim warm and get immediate medical care

### Injury Due to Chemical Exposure

If it is suspected that a person has suffered from chemical exposure,
the following procedures shall be undertaken:

  ------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
  Skin Contact: Flush with water. Remove clothing, if necessary.
                Wash/rinse affected area for at least 15 minutes.
                Decontaminate and provide appropriate medical attention.

  Inhalation:   Move person away from area; administer CPR as needed.
                Decontaminate and transport to the hospital for medical
                attention.

  Ingestion:    Decontaminate and transport to the hospital for medical
                attention.

  Eye Contact:  Irrigate with water for at least 15 minutes. Decontaminate
                and transport to the hospital for medical attention.
  ------------- ----------------------------------------------------------

### Emergency Services

Emergency phone numbers are listed in Table 8-1. If emergency medical
treatment is required for trauma or other non-chemical event, the
following procedures shall be undertaken:

-   Call 911 (for cellular phones, be prepared to give the operator your
    name and location address) to request an ambulance. The ambulance
    will take the affected personnel to George Washington University
    Hospital. A map (Figure 8-1) shows the route to the hospital.

**TABLE 8-1. EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES**

Emergency Contact:

Fire/Rescue: 911\*

Ambulance 911\*

Police: 911\*

24-hour site security: (202) 708-1111

\*For cellular phones, be prepared to give the operator your name and
location address.

Poison Control Center: (202) 362-3867

(George Washington University

> Medical Center)

Off-site Medical Facility: George Washington University Hospital

901 23rd Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C.

\(202\) 994-3211

Directions to Off-site Hospital: Exit the installation and turn left
onto M Street, S.W. Bear right onto Maine Avenue; bear right under
tunnel and follow 12^th^ St. to Constitution Ave., N.W. Turn left onto
Constitution Ave., N.W., right onto 17^th^ St., N.W., and left onto
Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Go around Washington Circle and south onto
23^rd^ St., N.W. The Hospital is located one block south on the left.
(See attached map - Figure 8-1)

URS Project Manager: (301) 670-3310

URS Health and Safety Manager: (301) 670-3332

URS Regional Health and Safety Manager (215) 619-4162

**TABLE 8-2. EMERGENCY ACTION CHECKLIST**

> Fire/Explosion

Off-site: Dial 911\*

> Chemical Agent Detection

Off-site: Dial 911\*

> Physical Injury/Medical Emergency

Off-site: Dial 911\*

> Security (assault, robbery, theft, trespass, etc.)

Off-site: Dial 911\*

On-site: (202) 708-1111

> Weather-Related Emergencies

Off-site: Dial 911\*

> Vehicle accidents

Off-site: Dial 911\*

\*For cellular phones, be prepared to give the operator your name and
location address.

FIGURE 8-1

# Section 9 9 Logs, Reports, and Record Keeping

## GENERAL

Records shall be kept documenting the site safety program. Logs and
records will be kept for training, safety meetings, injury/exposure, and
air monitoring data. A daily H&S (air monitoring) log will be maintained
by the SSO. This log shall include a description of the field work being
conducted; any changes in the operations; names of all personnel working
at the site; types of air monitoring equipment being used and how
calibrated; air monitoring results; level of PPE being worn; accidents
and injuries; and a description of any unusual occurrences or physical
complaints.

## PERSONNEL RECORDS

Records shall be kept for each on-site individual. Records include a
medical clearance statement from a qualified physician, fit test, and
training documentation. When site safety meetings are conducted, an
attendance sheet must be kept.

# Section 10 10 Forms

The following forms will be provided to the SSO during final
preparations for departure to the job site:

-   Equipment Calibration Log

-   Project Safety Log

-   Compliance Agreement Form

-   URS Injury/Incident Report

-   Site Safety Briefing Form

The SSO will be responsible for completing the Equipment Calibration
Log, the Project Safety Log, the URS Injury/Incident Report and the Site
Safety Briefing Form. The SSO will also ensure that all URS and their
subcontract personnel working on the site complete the Compliance
Agreement Form and sign the Site Safety Briefing Form. The Project
Manager will be responsible for completing any Accident or Investigation
information required by FCA or the GSA.

All completed forms will be returned to the Office of the HSM on a
weekly bases for field tasks lasting longer than two weeks. For field
tasks with a duration of less than two weeks, the forms may be returned
to the HSM at the end of the field activity.

**EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION LOG**

Project Name: Project No.

  ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------------- ----------------- ----------------
  **DATE**   **TIME**   **INITIALS**   **INSTRUMENT**   **CALIBRATION     **ADJUSTMENTS
                                                        SOLUTION OR GAS   REQUIRED AND
                                                        CONCENTRATION**   COMMENTS**

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          

                                                                          
  ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------------- ----------------- ----------------

Project

**PROJECT SAFETY LOG**

Date: Logged by:

Weather:

Field Tasks:

URS Personnel (or subs) working on site (name and affiliation):

URS Personnel (or subs) working in restricted zone:

URS Site Visitors:

Air Quality Monitoring Measurements:

  ------- -- -------------------- --- --------------- ---- -----------------
  Time       Instrument Parameter     Concentration        Locations

  ------- -- -------------------- --- --------------- ---- -----------------

Background:

Exclusion zone;

Level of PPE:

Comments on other safety-related matters:

(including infractions, accidents, injuries, unusual occurrences,
physical complaints)

**URS GROUP, INC. HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN**

**COMPLIANCE AGREEMENT FORM**

PROJECT: RCRA Facility Investigation

CLIENT: Federal Center Associates

LOCATION: Southeast Federal Center, Washington, D.C.

PROJECT NO.: 89-FR9401AL.00

I,
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
have received a copy of the Health and Safety Plan for the
above-referenced project. I have read the plan, understand it, and agree
to comply with all its provisions. I understand that I can be prohibited
from working on the project for violating any of the safety requirements
specified in the plan.

Signed:

  ---------------------------------------- ----- ------------------------
                                                 

  **Signature**                                  **Date**
  ---------------------------------------- ----- ------------------------

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

  **Company**
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

**INJURY/INCIDENT REPORT**

**ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION: For Injuries/Illnesses:**

Project Name: Name of Injured Employee:

Project Number:

Date/Time of Incident: Age: \_\_\_\_\_ Sex: \_\_\_\_ SSN:

Location: Nature of Injury:

See a Doctor?  Yes  No

**TYPE OF INCIDENT (Check all applicable items)**

 Illness  Fire, Explosion, Flash  Injury

 Unexpected Exposure  Property Damage  Vehicular Accident

 Health and Safety Infraction  Other (describe)

**DESCRIPTION OF INCIDENT** (Describe what happened and possible cause.
Identify individuals involved, witnesses, and their affiliations. Attach
additional sheets, drawings, or photographs as needed.)

Description of Corrective Action:

**REPORTED BY:** Print Name: Signature:

Date:

Reporter must deliver this report to the operating unit health and
safety representative within 24 hours of the reported incident for
medical treatment cases and within 5 days for other incidents.

**REVIEWED BY:**

Supervisor Date

Health and Safety Representative Date

Distribution by HSO:

• Regional Health and Safety Manager

• Corporate Health and Safety Director

• Project Manager OSHA Recordable?

• Human Resources Office (injury/illness cases only)  Yes  No

**SITE SAFETY BRIEFING FORM**

Project Name

Project Number Date Time

Location

Type of Work

**SAFETY TOPICS PRESENTED**

Protective Clothing/Equipment

Chemical Hazards

Physical Hazards

Biological Hazards

Emergency Procedures

Hospital/Clinic Phone

Hospital Address

Special Equipment

Other

**ATTENDEES**

**[Name (Printed)]{.underline}** **[Signature]{.underline}**

Meeting Conducted by:

Site Safety Officer:

# Section 11 11 Bibliography

1.  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH),
    Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents
    and Biological Exposure Indices, 1999.

2.  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
    Guide to Occupational Exposure Values, 1994.

3.  Apex Environmental Phase I Environmental Site Study, 1989 and
    Preliminary Assessment, 1980.

4.  Forsberg, K. and Mansdorf, S. Z. Quick Selection Guide to Chemical
    Protective Clothing, 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY,
    1993.

5.  Kaselaan & D\'Angelo, Phase II Report, Subsurface Investigation at
    the Southeast Federal Center, Washington, D.C., July 25, 1991.

6.  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),
    Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste
    Site Activities, 1985.

7.  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),
    Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, June, 1997.

8.  Sax, N. I. and Lewis, R. J., Sr. Dangerous Properties of Industrial
    Materials, 7th ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, 1989.

9.  Woodward Clyde, Health and Safety Manual, June, 1993.

10. Woodward Clyde Federal Services, Phase II Environmental Site
    Assessment Update Report, Southeast Federal Center, Washington,
    D.C., April, 1996.

11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Guidance on Residential
    Lead-Based Paint, Lead-Contaminated Dust and Lead-Contaminated Soil,
    July 14, 1994.

12. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and
    Remedial Response, Standard Operating Safety Guides, Publication
    9285.1-03, June, 1992.

13. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR 1910 and
    1926.

14. URS Group, Inc., Description of Current Conditions and Summary of
    Interim Measures/Site Stabilization, Southeast Federal Center,
    Washington, DC,April 2001a.

15. URS Group, Inc., Use History and Proposed Investigation of
    Previously Undocumented Buildings and Areas, Southeast Federal
    Center, Washington, DC, February 2001b.

Appendix A

Hazard Communication Program

Appendix A.1

Written Hazard Communication Program

.

Appendix A.2

Material Safety Data Sheets

SOLVENTS

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

METALS

POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

PESTICIDES/HERBICIDES/PCBS

OTHER

MATERIALS TO BE BROUGHT TO SITE

Appendix B

Standard Operating Procedures

Appendix B.1

Safety Guidelines for Drilling into Soil and Rocks

Appendix B.2

Noise and Hearing Conservation

Appendix B.3

Motor Vehicle Safety

Appendix B.4

Heat Stress

Appendix B.5

Cold Stress

Appendix B.6

Electrical Safety

Appendix B.7

Injury/Incident Reporting

Appendix B.8

Personnel Decontamination

Appendix B.9

Drum Handling

Appendix B.10

Respiratory Protection

Appendix B.11

Calibration of Monitoring Instruments