LIBRARY BINDING

I. Statement of Work [2](#i.-statement-of-work)

A. Background Information [2](#a.-background-information)

B. Objectives [2](#b.-objectives)

II\. Services to be Performed [2](#ii.-services-to-be-performed)

A. General Requirements [2](#a.-general-requirements)

1\. Scope [2](#scope)

2\. Compliance with Specifications [2](#compliance-with-specifications)

3\. Communication [3](#communication)

4\. Binding System [3](#binding-system)

5\. Facility [4](#facility)

B. Specific Requirements [4](#b.-specific-requirements)

1\. Preparation for Binding: [4](#preparation-for-binding)

a\. Examination [4](#a.-examination)

b\. Folded Sheets, Illustrations and Maps
[5](#b.-folded-sheets-illustrations-and-maps)

c\. Original covers [5](#c.-original-covers)

d\. Flush binding [5](#d.-flush-binding)

e\. Preparation of the Spine [5](#e.-preparation-of-the-spine)

2\. Leaf Attachment [6](#leaf-attachment)

a\. Sew-Through-the-Fold [6](#a.-sew-through-the-fold)

b\. Double Fan Adhesive [7](#b.-double-fan-adhesive)

c\. Oversewing [8](#c.-oversewing)

d\. Standard Recase [9](#d.-standard-recase)

3\. Trimming [10](#trimming)

4\. Gluing the spine [10](#gluing-the-spine)

5\. Rounding and backing [10](#rounding-and-backing)

6\. Lining the spine [11](#lining-the-spine)

7\. Covers [11](#covers)

8\. Lettering [11](#lettering)

9\. Boards and Inlays [12](#boards-and-inlays)

10\. Assembling the Case [13](#assembling-the-case)

11\. Library Corners [13](#library-corners)

12\. Casing-In [13](#casing-in)

13\. Special Features [13](#special-features)

14\. Newspapers and Oversized Volumes
[14](#newspapers-and-oversized-volumes)

15\. Boxes [15](#boxes)

16\. Quality Control [15](#quality-control)

17\. Errors and Corrections [17](#errors-and-corrections)

18\. Workmanship/Warranty [18](#workmanshipwarranty)

19\. Damage or Loss [18](#damage-or-loss)

20\. Packing and Shipping [18](#packing-and-shipping)

21\. Insurance [19](#insurance)

22\. Standards of Performance [19](#standards-of-performance)

23\. Deliverables [20](#deliverables)

APPENDICES [22](#appendices)

APPENDIX I \-- Guidelines for the Care and Handling of Library Materials
[23](#appendix-i----guidelines-for-the-care-and-handling-of-library-materials)

APPENDIX II \-- Customer Profile for National Library of Medicine
Binding Contract
[24](#appendix-ii----customer-profile-for-national-library-of-medicine-binding-contract)

APPENDIX III \-- References [27](#appendix-iii----references)

APPENDIX IV \-- Examples [28](#appendix-iv----examples)

# I. Statement of Work

##  A. Background Information

The National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, (hereafter NLM or
the Library) houses an estimated 2 million bound volumes, plus thousands
of unbound items, mostly individual serial pieces. Approximately 125,000
unbound serial issues are received each year. Unbound serials and
selected monographs are collected and bound for preservation purposes.

## B. Objectives

The Contractor shall bind up to 33,000 serial units and 4,000 monograph
volumes, and produce up to 500 special format boxes and up to 4,000
phase boxes at a rate of approximately 600-900 items weekly. A
contractor working onsite at NLM assembles, collates, and prepares
binding instructions, noting conditions that the Contractor must
consider. The Library's contractor specifies the type of leaf attachment
and other special instructions. Volumes for binding will be picked up
weekly at the library and be returned bound two weeks later.

# II. Services to be Performed

## A. General Requirements

### 1. Scope

Independently, and not as an agent of the Government, the Contractor
shall furnish all necessary labor, materials, supplies, equipment, and
services (except as otherwise specified herein) and perform the work set
forth in the tasks outlined below.

The work to be performed under this statement of work is to be performed
at the Contractor's facility. The materials to be bound are those which
the Library is mandated to collect and preserve. They are a permanent
part of the Library's collection and are often irreplaceable. The
Contractor shall follow the "Guidelines for the Care and Handling of
Library Materials" which is attached, as Appendix I. All work under this
contract shall be monitored by the Project Officer whose position is
defined elsewhere in this contract.

### 2. Compliance with Specifications

All work is to be done for the Library according to the attached
specifications, unless instructions from the Library direct otherwise.
Throughout this contract the Contractor is referred to the
specifications of [ANSI/NISO/LBI Standard for Library Binding.
ANSI/NISO/LBI Z39.78.2000]{.underline} hereafter referred to as
[Z39.78.2000.]{.underline} Should this standard be revised during the
life of this contract, the Contractor shall meet the relevant
specifications of that revision.

Any improvement in methods or materials used by the Contractor may be
acceptable to the Library within the terms of this contract under the
following conditions: the methods and/or material must undergo
extensive, documented testing which measures their strength, durability,
and functional qualities (e.g. openability of the volume); and tests
must clearly indicate that the innovations(s) shall lead to better
protection and to greater longevity of the text block. Adoption of any
innovation must be approved in writing by the Library prior to
implementation.

### 3. Communication

a.  The Contractor shall be willing to respond promptly to telephone
    calls related to unusual problems, changes in schedules, etc.

b.  A representative from the Bindery shall visit the Library
    periodically and be available upon request. The representative shall
    be thoroughly familiar with the terms of this contract; shall have
    in-depth knowledge of the technical aspects of library binding and
    of the Contractor s/he represents; and shall have an understanding
    of the relationship between library binding and the preservation of
    library materials.

c.  The Contractor shall be prepared to allow on-site visits during
    normal working hours by Library staff members interested in bindery
    activities.

### 4. Binding System

The Contractor shall maintain an automated database that allows
electronic transfer of binding instructions from the Library to the
bindery, that eliminates rekeying of variable spine label data, and that
facilitates the generation of reports, statistics and invoices.

The Contractor's database shall accommodate the transfer and maintenance
of the following information.

a.  Library Title ID

b.  Bindery Title ID

c.  Library Bar code

d.  ISSN/ISBN

e.  Title

f.  Sub-title

g.  Author

h.  Series

i.  Volume

j.  Number

k.  Months

l.  Year

m.  Page numbers

n.  Abstract numbers

o.  Call number

p.  Leaf attachment

q.  Color

r.  Special handling instructions

s.  Shipment Lot ID

t.  Date sent to the Bindery

u.  Expected return date

v.  Date returned

w.  Library Internal Location Name

### 5. Facility

The Contractor shall ensure that the facility where the materials will
be stored and processed has adequate security against theft, vandalism,
fire, flood, rodent and insect infestation, and other environmental
hazards. The Contractor's facility shall have securely locking doors and
windows, and shall have an intrusion alarm system connected to a local
police department or building security service. The Contractor shall
limit off-hours access to the building to times when authorized company
personnel are present, and have in place a plan to lock all doors and
windows when no staff are on the premises. The environment within the
Contractor's facility shall be maintained a relatively cool and dry,
constant and stable level without extended periods of fluctuation or
extreme temperature and/or relative humidity. The Contractor shall have
in place a fire extinguishing system that conforms to local building
code. The Contractor shall have in place a plan for responding to fire,
water or other emergencies that may put NLM materials at risk. The
Contractor shall notify the NLM Project Officer immediately if NLM
materials are damaged or at risk because of fire, water or environmental
contamination.

## B. Specific Requirements

Specifically, the Contractor shall perform the following tasks:

### 1. Preparation for Binding:

#### a. Examination

Each shipment received from the Library shall be inspected for
completeness by checking off each item on the shipping list. (See
Appendix IV) The Contractor shall notify the Library's representative
within 24 hours after receipt if a shipment is found to be incomplete.

All volumes will be examined prior to binding. The Library will provide
binding instructions on a printed slip (See Appendix IV) and
electronically*.* Each volume will contain two copies of the binding
slip; one copy shall be returned with the bound volume. The Contractor
shall review the binding slip for any special handling instructions and
to determine that the volume in hand can be bound according to the
instructions. If the Contractor determines that the Library's
instructions cannot be followed or are not the best practice for the
particular volume, the Contractor shall set the volume aside and contact
the Library Project Officer for directions. If the paper is brittle
(i.e. breaks before 4 double folds in a corner), the volume should not
be bound. In some cases it may be necessary to return the volume unbound
to the Library for further review.

Mending will be done by the Library prior to shipment to the bindery. If
the Contractor observes unrepaired damage or defects that will impact
the binding of the volume, the Contractor shall return the volume to the
Library unbound. If the volume can be bound without repair to the
defect, the Contractor shall flag the defect and bind as is.

> The Library will collate and check serial issues for completeness and
> correct order. The arrangement of issues, title pages, indices,
> inserts, supplements, etc. should be left as is unless the Contractor
> notices an obvious error in the ordering of issues or the completeness
> of the volume or there are specific binding instructions about the
> order of these materials. The volume may be bound incomplete only if
> indicated on the binding slip. If a unit is incomplete and there is
> not a specific instruction to bind incomplete, the unit should be
> returned to the Library unbound.

Books originally bound by spiral, plastic combs, or similar methods, are
to be handled in accordance with the binding instructions.

#### b. Folded Sheets, Illustrations and Maps

Volumes with double leaves, folded illustrations or inserts shall be
handled carefully to preserve folds and to prevent them from catching in
the binding. As instructed by NLM, loose or detached inserts and folded
materials may be set out on a strip of reinforcing cloth or alkaline
paper; attached to the binding margin, or placed in a pocket. Refolding
of such materials to accommodate a pocket enclosure is not permitted.

#### c. Original covers

Original paper covers are to be retained on all volumes or issues,
unless NLM requests otherwise. If the original covers are extremely
stiff which might result in binding failure, NLM will provide
photocopied surrogates. If the Contractor determines that a cover is too
stiff and a photocopy has not been provided, the volume should be
returned to NLM.

#### d. Flush binding

> When serial issues of different heights must be bound together the
> issues will be jogged flush at the tail, rather than the head. In no
> case will one or more issues be trimmed for the purpose of making them
> conform to the smaller issues with which they must be bound.

#### e. Preparation of the Spine

For text blocks which must have the spine edge trimmed or milled away in
preparation for oversewing or double fan adhesive binding, the
Contractor shall take care to remove as little as possible (and not more
than 1/16 inch of the edge) in order to preserve as much as possible of
the inner margin to allow for a possible rebinding at a later date

> Very bulky serial issues which are saddle stitched and which cannot be
> sewn through the fold (e.g., when they must be bound together with
> non-saddle stitched issues) shall be prepared for adhesive binding or
> oversewing by slitting through the fold rather than by trimming or
> milling.
>
> The Contractor shall remove all staples before trimming, milling or
> sewing.

Rounded and backed text blocks, which must be rebound shall have boards
removed and the old rounding and backing taken out by nipping before the
spine edge is milled or trimmed.

### 2. Leaf Attachment

NLM will determine the method of leaf attachment for serials and
assemble batches of all the same leaf attachment. Instructions about
leaf attachment and special treatment will be found on paper binding
slips inside the volumes. Unless specified otherwise in this document,
methods of leaf attachment should strictly adhere to the guidelines
provided by the [Z39.78-2000]{.underline}. The only acceptable methods
of leaf attachment are those specified below. Neither cleat sewing nor
side sewing will be considered methods of leaf attachment under the
terms of this contract. In cases where the Contractor ascertains that
side sewing is the only suitable method of leaf attachment, the volume
will be returned to NLM. All volumes in folded sections shall be sewn
through the fold by machine unless otherwise instructed by NLM.

Endpapers for all methods of leaf attachment shall meet the
specifications of [Z39.78.2000]{.underline} Section 15.1 and reinforcing
materials shall meet the specifications of Section 17.1

#### a. Sew-Through-the-Fold 

> Sewing through the fold is a method of attaching separate signatures,
> one to another in succession, to create a text block. When NLM
> specifies sew-through-the-fold, the signatures shall be sewn by
> machine.

i.  Preparation

> NLM will reinforce or repair weak or damaged folds before sending
> volumes to be sewn through the fold. NLM will also tip in or hinge
> loose leaves and inserts. If upon examining a volume prior to binding,
> the Contractor finds that the necessary processing preparatory to
> sewing through the fold has not been done, the Contractor shall return
> the volume to NLM.

ii. Sewing

> As many needles as possible shall be used. Stitches shall be no closer
> than ¼ inch and no farther than 1-½ inches from the head and tail of
> the text block after trimming. Endpapers shall be sewn onto text
> blocks as if the endpapers were the outermost signatures of the text
> block, front and back. The thread used in sewing through the fold
> should conform to the specifications stated in
> [Z39.78.2000]{.underline} Section 20.2.

iii. Endpaper Construction

Endpapers for volumes consisting of multiple signatures shall be
constructed from two folded sheets, nested. The fold of the sheet shall
be reinforced with a ¾ inch wide strip of reinforcing material.

#### b. Double Fan Adhesive 

The text block is created by using an emulsion copolymer or internally
plasticized polyvinyl acetate adhesive (PVA) to adhere loose leaves
together to form a text block. This method is appropriate for loose or
adhesive bound pages. The adhesives must meet the requirements of
[Z39.78-2000]{.underline} Section 19.2. The thickness of double fan
adhesive bound volumes shall not exceed 2 inches.

i.  Preparation

> The spine of the volume shall be milled to roughen it, to remove all
> old adhesives and threads, and to free all leaves to allow for optimal
> fanning. As many paper fibers as possible shall be exposed for optimum
> bonding of paper and adhesive. Notching the spine is permitted, no
> deeper than 3/32 inch, and in no case shall the notching invade the
> text. The number of notches shall be the minimum required to enhance
> exposure to adhesive. The Library may request extra sanding of
> extremely glossy and stiff covers to expose more paper fibers to the
> adhesive. Where the binding margins of adhesive-bound volumes are
> extremely narrow, the pages should be pulled away from the original
> adhesive manually and not milled, if this can be without damage to the
> text block. Serial volumes having single-signature issues with narrow
> binding margins that must be bound together with an adhesive-bound
> issue shall be prepared for adhesive binding by slitting through the
> folds rather than milling.

ii. Endpapers

An endpaper for double-fan adhesive binding shall consist of a single
folded sheet that is tipped no more than ¼ inch onto the first leaf of
the text block during the fanning process.

iii.) Fanning and gluing

The milled text block shall be securely clamped. The endpapers shall be
attached at the same time as the leaves as if they were the outermost
leaves of the text block front and back. The binding edge shall be
fanned first in one direction, as adhesive is applied by brush or by
roller and then in the opposite direction, as adhesive is applied. The
penetration of adhesive between leaves shall be approximately 1/32 inch
so that each leaf is tipped to the next. No adhesive shall run into the
margins between pages farther than 1/8 inch and in no case shall it run
into the text area. If the binding edge is notched, all notches shall be
filled with adhesive.

iii. First spine lining

> A stretchable fabric lining, meeting the specifications of the
> [Z39.78-2000]{.underline} Section 17.2, shall be squarely and snugly
> adhered to the spine of the text block. This lining shall cover the
> entire spine, to within ¼ inch of the head and tail (after trimming),
> and shall extend onto each endpaper at least 1 inch. The text block
> shall be positioned squarely and allowed to dry without the use of a
> heating or drying device.

#### c. Oversewing 

> Oversewing consists of sewing thin sections of loose pages together.
> Multiple needles and threads pass obliquely through the binding margin
> of each section, forming stitches that attach it to previously
> attached sections. When instructed to oversew by NLM, the contractor
> shall oversew by machine volumes in single sheets, with inner margins
> at least 5/8 inch after milling or with paper unsuitable for adhesive
> binding, such as heavily coated paper. For thick volumes without
> enough margin to be oversewn, NLM will generally instruct the
> Contractor to split the volume into 2 parts and adhesive bind. NLM
> will provide title pages for each volume.

i.  Preparation

> The spine of the volume shall be milled if necessary to free the
> leaves for sewing. No more than 1/16 inch of the binding margin shall
> be removed.

ii.) Endpapers

> Endpapers shall be constructed in one of the following ways:
>
> a\) A single folded sheet tipped ¼ inch from the edge of a single leaf
> to make three leaves. A 1-1/4 inch strip of reinforcing material shall
> be adhered along the binding edge of the folded sheet and the exposed
> ¼ inch margin of the single leaf. After sewing, the outermost leaf
> shall be folded and tipped back flush and parallel to (but not
> extending beyond) the binding edge of the text block, to cover the
> sewing thread and to allow the endpaper to hinge from the binding
> edge.
>
> b\) Two or three leaves. One leaf has a 1-1/4 inch wide extension of
> reinforcing material; the second leaf is tipped to the extension along
> the binding edge; a third leaf may be tipped to the second leaf. When
> this type of endpaper is used, boards shall be cut according to
> Section 12.3.2 of the [Z39.78.2000.]{.underline}

iii.) Sewing

> All volumes shall be divided into uniform sections approximately 1/16
> inch thick, the thickness varying depending on the nature and
> condition of the paper. Endpapers shall be sewn onto the text blocks
> with the outermost sections of the text block, front and back. Sewing
> shall be no closer to the head or tail of the volumes than ¼ inch
> after trimming and no farther than 1 inch away from the head and tail.
> The shuttle thread shall be coated with an adhesive during sewing; or
> a thin line of paste shall be applied along the binding margin of each
> section prior to sewing. The threads used for oversewing shall meet
> the requirements of [Z39.78.2000]{.underline}, Section 20.1. The
> adhesives shall meet the requirements of [Z39.78-2000,
> Section]{.underline} 19. In no case shall the sewing be closer to the
> text than 1/8 inch.

#### d. Standard Recase 

Text blocks that are strongly sewn with a number of stitches adequate to
the size of the text block and have sewing intact shall be recased only,
not resewn. Also included in this category are volumes that have
previously been bound by a publisher or library binder that have worn or
damaged covers with intact sewing.

i.) Preparation

> Old cases shall be removed, and old spine lining and adhesive shall be
> carefully and completely removed from the text blocks. Paper covers
> will be removed and tipped back in. Sewing is not to be disturbed. In
> the case of volumes originally bound as paperbacks, the Contractor
> shall remove adhesive from the spine, if possible. After cleaning the
> spine, the Contractor shall inspect the text block. If the sewing is
> not sound, the Contractor shall contact the Library Project Officer to
> determine the appropriate method of leaf attachment. If agreement
> about an alternate method of leaf attachment cannot be reached, the
> Contractor shall return the volume to the Library.

ii\) Endpaper attachment

> New endpapers shall be sewn to the text block using a method that is
> compatible with the original sewing structure. In the case of text
> blocks originally sewn through the fold, endpapers shall be attached
> by sewing through the fold of one or two outer-outermost signatures of
> the text block, and then through the folds of the endpapers. In the
> case of text blocks originally double fan adhesive bound, endpapers
> shall be hinged on with reinforcing material. In the case of text
> blocks originally oversewn, endpapers shall be attached by whip
> stitching on with sewing stitches approximately 1 inch apart. After
> sewing, the outermost leaf shall be folded and tipped back flush and
> parallel to (but not extending beyond) the binding edge of the text
> block, to cover the sewing thread and to allow the endpaper to hinge
> from the binding edge.

iii.) Endpaper construction

> Endpapers shall be constructed in one of the following ways:

a)  A single folded sheet with a hinge of reinforcing material that is
    adhered along the binding edge of the endpaper and extends beyond
    the fold.

b)  A single leaf hinged with reinforcing material to form a single
    folded sheet.

### 3. Trimming 

All books shall be trimmed squarely and as slightly as possible or left
untrimmed, if so instructed. The trimmed edges shall be smooth and
without rough knife marks. Excessive trimming of irregularly sized
issues for the purpose of making them uniform shall be avoided. Under no
circumstances shall any volume be trimmed to the extent that printed
matter shall be removed in any part, unless the Library grants specific
permission. Trimming should not be in excess of 1/8 inch at the head,
tail, or fore-edge and no folds are to be trimmed. If any text or
printed matter is trimmed, the Contractor is responsible for the cost of
the replacement volume.

### 4. Gluing the spine 

Spines of all sewn text blocks shall be glued with polyvinyl acetate
adhesive prior to rounding and backing. The adhesive shall thoroughly
coat the spines. Text blocks shall be stacked squarely and allowed to
dry without the use of a heating or drying device. For volumes that are
sewn through the fold, the adhesive shall be applied prior to trimming.
The adhesives used in gluing the spine must meet the specifications of
[Z39.78.2000]{.underline}, Section 19.2.

### 5. Rounding and backing

With the exceptions noted below, all text blocks ½ inch or more in
thickness shall be evenly rounded to form a smooth and convex spine and
a concave fore edge. Rounded text blocks shall be backed to form
shoulders that are symmetrical, uniform head to tail, and as nearly
equal in size to the anticipated board thickness as possible. Rounding
and backing may be done using a semiautomatic hydraulic machine, a
roller backer, or by hand. Good results often require a combination of
hand and machine processes.

Exceptions

a.  Double-fan adhesive bound text blocks shall not be rounded and
    backed.

b.  Text blocks sewn through the fold, but with signatures of more than
    ¼ inch in thickness shall be rounded, but not backed.

c.  No rounding and backing will be required in the following cases:

i.) text blocks already rounded and backed that are to be recased only;

ii.) text blocks under ½ inch in thickness;

iii.) flat backed text blocks being recased.

### 6. Lining the spine

The spines of all text blocks shall be lined with spine lining cloth
that meets the specifications of [Z39.78.2000]{.underline} Section 17.2.
The spine lining shall be adhered with an adhesive that meets the
specifications of [Z39.78.2000]{.underline}, Section 19.2. Double-fan
adhesive bound text blocks to which a stretchable spine lining has
already been applied shall receive another spine lining. The cloth shall
be cut to within ½ inch of both head and tail of the text block, and
shall extend squarely onto each endpaper at least 1 inch. The grain of
the spine-lining cloth shall be straight along the spine of the text
block.

The spines of all volumes over 1-1/2 inch in thickness that have been
sewn through the fold or recased, and the spines of all other volumes
over 2-1/2 inches in thickness or that weigh more than 5 pounds, shall
be reinforced by an extra layer of material. This reinforcement may be
alkaline paper no lighter than 60-pound text weight or a second layer of
spine lining cloth.

### 7. Covers

Covering materials shall be impregnated with a nonmigratory resinous
material and shall meet or exceed the tests for Group F buckram as
specified in [ANSI Standard L29.1-1977 Fabrics for Book
Covers]{.underline} as listed in [Z39.78-2000, Section 18]{.underline}.
If the text block weighs less than 2 pounds the Library may instruct the
Contractor to use a material that is impregnated or coated with a
nonmigratory resinous material and that meets or exceeds the tests for
C-1 Grade book cloth as specified in [ANSI Standard L29.1-1977 Fabrics
for Book Covers]{.underline} as listed in [Z39.78-2000]{.underline},
Section 18.

Covering material shall be cut squarely, approximately 1-½ inches taller
and wider than the anticipated size of the finished case. This allows
for a ¾ inch overhang on all four sides of the unfinished case and
results in a turn-in of approximately 5/8-inch, although turn-ins may be
wider.

### 8. Lettering 

Lettering of author, title, and call number shall be done in white foil
unless gold foil is explicitly specified. Stamping foils shall meet the
performance specifications set forth in Section 22 of the
[Z39.78.2000]{.underline}. Lettering shall be permanent, sharp, clean,
legible, and stamped with adequate pressure, temperature, and dwell to
ensure adhesion of the foil to the covering material. All lettering
shall be on the spine or the cover of the volume as directed by the
Library.

All lettering shall be in 18-point type, except for books thinner than 1
inch that may be lettered in 14-point type. Upper and lower case fonts
shall be used in accordance with the instructions on the binding slip.
The preferred orientation for title data is horizontal, centered on the
spine. If the title is too long or the volume too narrow, the title may
stamped vertically. Call numbers should be stamped horizontally, if
possible, even if the title is stamped vertically. The top of the first
line of the call number should be positioned 2 inches from the bottom of
the volume. If the call number cannot fit on the spine, it must be
stamped in the upper left-hand corner of the front cover, ½ inch from
the top of the volume and ½ inch from the joint. The volume/part/date
designations should be stamped horizontally. All monographs and serials
must be stamped with author, title, call number, volume, pages, year,
and other variable information as specified by the binding instructions.
Some serial volumes will also require that the letters "IM" be placed 1
inch from the top of the spine. The Contractor shall keep records of
stamping patterns and color of stamping foil for serial titles so that
uniformity of sets may be maintained. Occasionally the Library will send
for binding office copies that will have special instructions as to the
placement of lettering and will not have call numbers. Proper and
accurate stamping of all volumes, including accents in foreign titles,
is essential.

The Library will specify words to be abbreviated. If the label text is
too long and needs to be abbreviated, the Contractor shall contact the
Library Project Officer for the proper abbreviation and should not
construct an abbreviation without instructions from the Library.

### 9. Boards and Inlays

Boards shall be cut squarely and smoothly, with the grain running
parallel to the binding edge. Boards shall meet the specifications of
[Z39.78-2000]{.underline} Section 16. The height of the boards shall be
approximately ¼ inch taller than the text block, unless the text block
is to be bound flush with the bottom of the case in which case the
height of the boards shall be approximately 1/8 inch taller than the
text block. The thickness of the board shall be between 1/16 inch and
1/8 inch, and appropriate for the size and weight of the text block. For
exceptionally large text blocks, (e.g. newspapers) boards shall be no
less than 1/8 inch thick. For heavy or large text blocks the boards
shall be no less that 1/11 inch thick. For small or light text blocks
the board shall be no more than 1/12 inch thick.

For narrow-hinge cases the width of the boards for rounded and backed
volumes shall be equal to the width of the text block from shoulder to
fore edge.

For wide-hinge cases the width of the boards for rounded and backed
volumes shall be approximately ¼ inch narrower than the width of the
text block from shoulder to fore edge. The width of the boards for
flat-backed volumes shall be approximately 3/8 inch narrower than the
width of the text block.

All covers shall have an inlay of flexible, durable paper, meeting the
specifications of [Z39.78-2000,]{.underline} Section 15.3. The inlay
shall be cut with the grain running parallel to the spine, the same
length as the cover boards and the same width as the spine of the text
block from shoulder to shoulder.

### 10. Assembling the Case

The boards and the inlay shall be squarely and securely adhered to the
covering material. The spaces between the inlay and the boards shall be
uniform and approximately ¼ inch wide. Pieces of cord approximately 1/8
inch in diameter or a piece of braid shall be placed at the head and
tail of the inlay. The corners of the cloth shall be left uncut so that
library corners can be made. The covering material shall be turned in
snugly and uniformly, approximately 5/8 inch on all sides, and shall
adhere neatly and tightly to the edges of the boards. The adhesives used
in making the case should conform to [Z39.72.2000]{.underline} Section
19.3.

### 11. Library Corners

Each of the four uncut corners of the overhanging cover material shall
be folded at a 45-degree angle and adhered onto the inside surface of
the cover boards. The already glued-off overhang shall be turned in at
the head and tail, fore edge and back edge of the case.

### 12. Casing-In

All adhesive materials and applications shall be in accordance with the
specifications outlined in Z39.78.2000[,]{.underline} Section 19.4. Text
blocks shall be cased in squarely and tightly. All squares shall be
uniform around the perimeter of the text block; and shall be between
1/16 inch wide and 3/16 inch wide. Very heavy or thick text blocks may
be bound flush with the bottom of the case (that is the case will have
no square at the tail) per instructions from the Library. When text
blocks are bound flush with the bottom of the case, the cord at the tail
of the inlay shall be omitted.

Cased-in volumes shall either be pressed between metal-edged boards
until thoroughly dry; or pressed in a building-in machine using
sufficient pressure, dwell, and heat to ensure good adhesion of the
endpapers to the boards and turn-ins, and good adhesion of the covering
material to the spine lining and endsheets in the joint area of the text
block. The amount of adhesive applied to the joints, and the method used
for building in, shall be sufficient to ensure that joints are tight and
secure and cannot be separated without damaging the bonded surfaces.
Endpapers shall adhere to all surfaces smoothly, and be free of wrinkles
and bubbles.

### 13. Special Features

All materials used for pockets, stubbing or inserts shall conform to the
[Z39.78.2000]{.underline}, Section 15.2.

a.  Pockets

> Pockets may be made of cloth or paper as instructed by the Library.
> Cloth pockets shall be made of lightweight pyroxylin impregnated book
> cloth over heavy alkaline paper. Cover material shall be turned-in
> enough to insure good adhesion and glued into position with an
> approved flexible glue. Paper pockets shall be made of heavyweight
> alkaline paper.

Material (i.e., maps, charts, etc.) will be gathered and inserted into
pockets, which will be glued in place, as indicated on the binding
instructions. Pocket size and capacity will be as instructed. Surrogates
may be sent to indicate the size of the pocket.

b.  Inserts

> Inserts for CD's and other media shall be made of plastizote or an
> equivalent inert material that has been approved by the Library. The
> item to be inserted shall fit snugly into the cutout. A thumblike
> notch will be cut out to ease in removal of the item. Stubbing shall
> be used to compensate for the thickness of the insert. The Library
> will provide samples of the standard formats so that the Contractor
> can produce a die so that a surrogate does not need to be sent for
> each occurrence.

c\. Binding Stubs

> When parts with different heights are to be bound together, the tail
> of the resulting text block shall be flush, not the head. Stubbing
> shall be used, whenever practical, to make up for the size
> differences. In no case shall one piece be trimmed for the purpose of
> making it conform to a smaller piece with which it must be bound.
> Stubbing shall be added to volumes to compensate for thick pockets on
> back covers and to correct text blocks that flare out towards the fore
> edge.

### 14. Newspapers and Oversized Volumes

Newspapers and volumes over 16 inches in height shall be prepared and
bound to conform to the specifications for binding given within this
document according to the leaf attachment style selected by the Library,
except for the variations set out below.

a.  Rounding and backing is not required.

b.  End papers shall be reinforced with cloth joints of lightweight
    buckram or fabric of equal weight. The cloth shall be wide enough so
    that it will extend at least 2 inches beyond the sewing.

c.  Backs shall be lined with approved cotton fabric extending to within
    one inch of the head and tail and leaving an extending flap at least
    2-1/2 inches wide on each side.

When sew through the fold leaf attachment is specified:

d.  Sections shall be refolded whenever the original fold is crooked or
    is so far off-center that it would cause the sewing to encroach on
    the print.

e.  Every volume shall be sewn in sections on three or more tapes or
    cords with linen thread unless otherwise instructed by the Library.
    Tapes shall be not less than 1/2 inch wide.

### 15. Boxes 

Portfolios, clamshell boxes or phase boxes will be made for materials
unsuitable for binding upon request from the Library. Portfolios and
clamshell boxes shall be constructed of binder's board that conforms to
the specifications of the [Z39.78.2000]{.underline}, Section 16.
Covering material used for portfolios and clamshell boxes shall meet the
specifications of Section 18 of the [Z39.78.2000.]{.underline} The
adhesives used in the construction of protective enclosures shall
conform to Section 19 of the [Z39.78.2000.]{.underline} The Library may
send measurements and labeling instructions rather than the physical
piece to be boxed. The lettering on boxes shall follow the same
specifications as those for bound volumes in Section II.8 of this
document.

a.  Portfolios

> A portfolio shall consist of a case with three internal flaps, large
> enough to completely cover the contents, with an interior tie to
> secure the head and tail flaps and an exterior tie to be placed at the
> center of the fore edge. The case shall be lined with alkaline
> buffered paper that conforms to the [Z39.78.2000]{.underline} Section
> 15.1 for endpapers. Ties shall be of high quality dye fast cotton
> twill or unbleached linen and the end of the tape shall not ravel.
> Portfolios shall be constructed of binder's board of a thickness
> appropriate to the material to be enclosed: board used for the case
> shall be no less than 1/12 inch and for the flaps no less than 1/25
> inch.

b.  Clamshell boxes

A clamshell box shall consist of a case and two trays, which fit into
one another. The case shall be lined with alkaline buffered paper that
conforms to the [Z39.78.2000]{.underline} Section 15.1 for endpapers.

c\. Phase boxes

A phase box shall be of a design approved by the Library. Phase boxes
shall be constructed of board high in alpha-cellulose, free of lignin
and metal particles, waxes, plasticizers, residual peroxide and other
components that could lead to the degradation of the paper stored inside
the box. The pH of the board should be between 8.0-9.5 and it should
have an alkaline reserve between 2% and 5% with a thickness of
approximately 1/16-inch. The fasteners should be button and string or a
style other than Velcro buttons approved by the Library.

### 16. Quality Control

The Contractor shall have an established quality control program. The
Contractor shall be responsible for quality control at various stages
during the binding process and before return of completed volumes to the
Library. The Contractor's quality control program should assure a high
standard of workmanship and adherence to the [Z39.78.2000]{.underline}
standard as well as the specific binding instructions provided by NLM.
Quality control of the completed bound volume shall consist of the
following procedures based on [Guide to the Library Binding Institute
Standard for Library Binding]{.underline}.

a\. Inspection of the Unopened Volume

1\) Spine Stamping

> The spine must be stamped correctly, matching the binding slip and
> text. The lines must be properly positioned, both vertically and
> horizontally. The letters must be evenly impressed and crisp.

2\) Covering Material

> The covering material must be clean, free from dust and glue residue.
> It must be smoothly and completely adhered to both boards. If a color
> has been specified in the binding instructions, the cover must be that
> color.

3\) Joints

> The joints must be parallel to the spine, and uniformly and adequately
> deep.

4\) Rounding and Backing

> If the volume has been rounded and backed, the spine of the text block
> must be properly shaped at both the head and tail. The boards must fit
> correctly into the spine.

5\) Squares

> The squares (the edges of the boards that extend beyond the text block
> at the head, fore edge, and tail) must be even, and an appropriate
> width (1/16 to 3/16 inch, depending on the size of the text block).

6\) Trimming

> No text or illustrative matter must be damaged or obscured by
> trimming. If the instructions stated NO TRIM, the edges will be
> uneven.

b\. Inspection of the Spine

> The Contractor shall open the volume to its approximate center, look
> down the hollow of the spine, between the covering material and text
> block. The spine lining must extend to within ½ inch of the head and
> tail of the spine. It must be smoothly and completely adhered. If the
> volume is heavy or thick, an extra paper lining must be adhered over
> the cloth one. There should be no lumpiness caused by old adhesive and
> paper.

c\. Inspection of the Boards

> The Contractor shall open both boards so that the inner surface of
> each board can be inspected.

1\) Endpapers

> The endpapers must be smoothly and completely adhered to the boards.
> They must be properly positioned so that the squares of the boards
> appear uniformly wide. The edges of the endpapers must be straight‑cut
> and smooth.

2\) Turn‑Ins

> The turn‑ins (the margins of cloth that wrap from the front of the
> boards onto the inside) must be uniform, and approximately 5/8 inch
> wide. The edges must be straight‑cut and smooth.

3\) Spine Lining

> The spine lining must extend onto each board at least 1 inch. It must
> be uniformly wide, head to tail, on each board.

d\) Inspection of the Text Block

> The Contractor shall examine the binding slip and leaf through the
> text block to determine that all instructions on the binding slip have
> been followed and that an appropriate method of leaf attachment was
> selected.

1\) Endpapers

> The style of endpaper must be appropriate for the method of leaf
> attachment used. The endpapers for volumes in signatures must be sewn
> on through the fold. For text blocks that have been double‑fan
> adhesive bound, the endpaper must be tipped no more than ¼ inch onto
> the first leaf. (Ideally it should be less.) For text blocks that have
> been recased, the gutter between endpaper and first leaf must be neat
> and free from the residue of old spine lining.

2\) Text Block

> All leaves must be securely attached. Their edges must be free from
> adhesive that inhibits their opening. Leaves and issues must be in the
> correct order. For volumes that have been oversewn, sewing must not
> run into the print. The text block must be positioned in the casing
> right side up.

3\) Openability

> A well-bound volume should open well and stay open. For various
> reasons, this is sometimes not an achievable goal. The paper may be
> stiff or its grain may run at right angles to the spine of the volume
> rather than parallel to it. A high percentage of all volumes should
> have good openability.

### 17. Errors and Corrections

Any error made by the Contractor should be corrected (provided that
corrections do not damage the text block) prior to the shipment's return
to NLM. Returned volumes with errors in lettering or defects in
workmanship that are noted by NLM may be returned to the Contractor for
corrections. Completed corrections shall be returned with the slip on
which correction instructions were indicated. The Contractor shall make
all bindery corrections and return them to the Library within fourteen
days of receipt by the Contractor and shall bear all costs incurred
thereby, including transportation.

The National Library of Medicine shall assume responsibility for all
charges related to corrections resulting from errors or oversights made
in preparation of the binding instructions.

### 18. Workmanship/Warranty

The Contractor shall warrant the volumes bound under this contract as
conforming to the [Z39.78.2000,]{.underline} Section 3, except as agreed
in this contract or agreed in writing with the Library. Defects in
materials or manufacture (such as errors in lettering, lettering worn
off so as to be illegible, defective sewing, use of improper adhesives,
failure of the leaf attachment, etc.) shall be corrected at no cost to
the Library. Normal wear of the covering material shall be excluded. The
warranty shall be in effect for 5 years from the date of the original
binding.

To indicate the Contractor's responsibility for the binding of the
volume a label or stamp shall be placed on the pasted down endsheet of
the inside back cover, approved by NLM, showing the Contractor's
identification and the month and year when the particular volume was
bound. This shall serve as the company's guarantee of the binding of
that specific volume. Materials used for a binder's mark (paper,
adhesive, and ink) shall be chemically neutral so as not to cause
deterioration of the paper of the text block.

### 19. Damage or Loss

If the Contractor's error results in loss of text or irreparable damage
to the volume, the Contractor must replace the volume.

Items not returned within one month of the date they were due back at
the Library shall be considered lost unless the Contractor has made
arrangements with the Library for additional processing time.

The cost and burden of locating replacement volumes, due to loss or
damage by the Contractor, shall be borne by the Contractor. If the
Contractor cannot replace the item and the Library is able to obtain a
volume to duplicate, the Contractor shall make a bound preservation
photocopy from the volume supplied by the Library. If the volume cannot
be replaced by the Contractor or the Library, the Contractor shall
credit the Library \$225.00 per volume.

### 20. Packing and Shipping

a\. Packing

Packing of volumes for pickup and delivery must be in sturdy shipping
containers furnished by the Contractor. In addition to the cartons, the
Contractor shall supply labels and packing material. Shipment integrity
shall be maintained. The cartons shall be labeled with the lot number
and the shipping list will be enclosed in each lot. The items from the
original shipping list shall be checked off and annotated as the lots
are packed. If necessary, volumes shall be wiped clean before packing.
Filled weight of containers shall not exceed 45 pounds. The volumes
shall be placed flat in the cartons and wrapping materials shall be used
to avoid shifting during transit.

b\. Schedule

The Contractor will be required to pick up material for binding at least
once a week on a regular basis. Bound volumes or volumes returned
unbound will be due back two weeks after pickup. If a delivery or
partial shipment cannot be made on the regularly scheduled date, the
Contractor must give the Library 24 hours notice. The delivery day and
approximate time of day shall be agreed upon by the Contractor and
Library and adhered to as closely as possible.

c\. Shipping

The Contractor must be able to ship volumes in its own vehicles.
Vehicles must afford adequate protection from water damage. If the
storage area of the vehicle used to transport Library materials is not
air conditioned, volumes shall not be kept in the vehicle more than 24
hours. Vehicles shall be loaded and unloaded immediately before
transport and upon arrival at the Contractor's facility.

d\. Location

Pick up and delivery shall be made to the Binding Preparation area in
B1E23 of Building 38, National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike,
Bethesda, MD 20894.

e\. Accountability

The Contractor must verify the number of volumes picked up and delivered
and will be responsible for the safekeeping of NLM's materials submitted
for binding under the terms and conditions of this contract while in the
Contractor's plant, or during transit to or from Contractor's plant, and
will be responsible for replacing any items lost or damaged.

### 21. Insurance

The Contractor shall insure, at his expense, all books and other NLM
materials against loss or damage from any cause, from the time they
leave the NLM until they are returned. Each shipment is to be insured
for *\$*225,000 or for a greater amount if specified. As proof of
compliance with the requirement the Contractor shall furnish a
certificate of insurance to NLM.

### 22. Standards of Performance

The Contractor shall maintain quality control that will assure a high
standard of performance. The Library will inspect samples of the
finished work and, where it is not satisfactory, the Contractor shall
correct or rework at the Contractor's expense.

Excessive errors will be considered evidence of an inadequate quality
control system. Error rates over 2% will be considered "excessive". The
error rate will be based on the number of volumes requiring correction
(either by the Contractor or by the Library), excluding preparation
errors not reasonably detectable by the Contractor, divided by the
number of volumes in each shipment.\
The following requirements shall be met:

a.  There shall be no errors in lettering.

b.  Volumes shall be bound in correct order.

c.  All binding instructions for leaf attachment, trim, and special
    handling, such as pockets, must be followed, unless the Library has
    approved alternate methods.

d.  The binding shall show a high quality of workmanship with smooth
    cloth adhesion, even corners, squares and trimming and no excessive
    glue.

e.  The measurements of the boxes made for library materials should be
    closely adhered to so that the volumes do not shift around, but are
    not so tight that removing them causes damage.

f.  Shipment integrity must be maintained. All items within a lot must
    be returned together.

g.  Shipments must be returned within fourteen (14) days of pickup,
    unless special arrangements have been made with the Library.

### 23. Deliverables

a.  Periodical - Sew through the fold

b.  Periodical - Double fan adhesive bind

c.  Periodical -- Oversew

d.  Periodical -- Standard recase

e.  Monograph -- Sew through the fold

f.  Monograph -- Double fan adhesive bind

g.  Monograph -- Oversew

h.  Monograph -- Standard recase

i.  Newspaper -- Sew through the fold

j.  Newspaper -- Double fan adhesive bind

k.  Newspaper -- Oversew

l.  Newspaper -- Standard recase

m.  Portfolio

n.  Clamshell box, buckram cover

o.  Phase box

p.  Paper Pocket

q.  Cloth Pocket

r.  Plastizote Insert

s.  Special Handling Charges (Itemized)

t.  Reports

The Contractor shall furnish the following reports to the Library:

> i.) For each shipment: total number of serials and monographs bound by
> type of leaf attachment, the number of portfolios, clamshell boxes,
> phase boxes, pockets and inserts produced, and the special handling
> charges incurred.
>
> ii.) Monthly: the total number of serials and monographs bound by type
> of leaf attachment and the number of newspapers, portfolios, clamshell
> boxes, phase boxes, pockets and inserts produced and the number of
> items given special handling; a brief narrative describing any unusual
> problems or concerns.

iii.) As requested: status reports on items requiring special handling
or overdue from the bindery.

## APPENDICES 

### APPENDIX I \-- Guidelines for the Care and Handling of Library Materials

The Contractor will give staff training in the care and handling of
Library materials and maintain the following procedures:

1.  Do not permit smoking, eating or drinking in areas where books or
    stored or work is performed.

2.  Do not use metal paper clips or self-sticking notes or adhesive
    tapes to secure instructions on covers or text.

3.  Never stack books in such a way that they are in danger of toppling
    over or being knocked off. Do not place books on the top edges of
    other books. Take special care to support unbound materials, which
    tend to bend and slip.

4.  Do not apply any tape or undertake any repairs.

5.  To avoid water damage, never place books directly on the floor.
    Shelve books at least 4 inches above the floor. Store cartons of
    books on pallets while in process. Report any water damage to the
    Project Officer by telephone immediately.

### APPENDIX II \-- Customer Profile for National Library of Medicine Binding Contract

**Ship to:**

1\.

> National Library of Medicine
>
> Bldg. 38, Room B1E23
>
> Bindery Preparation Contractor
>
> 8600 Rockville Pike
>
> Bethesda, MD 20894
>
> Contact Person: Mary Kate Dugan
>
> Voice: 301-435-7113 Fax: 301-480-1698
>
> e-mail duganm@nlm.nih.gov
>
> Invoices
>
> Copy included with shipment; attn. Mary Kate Dugan
>
> An original and two copies to the following designated payment office:
>
> National Institutes of Health
>
> Division of Financial Management
>
> Chief, Contracts Section, FAAB
>
> Building 31, Room B1B05A
>
> 31 Center Drive MSC 2050
>
> Bethesda, MD 20892-2050
>
> Two copies to the following approving officer
>
> Karen Riggs,
>
> Contracting Officer
>
> Office of Acquisitions Management
>
> National Library of Medicine
>
> Building 38A, Room B1N17
>
> 8600 Rockville Pike
>
> Bethesda, MD 20894

**Shipment Cycle:** 2 weeks, with weekly pickup and delivery

**Collation/Preparation:**

**Periodical** **collation:** Library shall collate.

**Books collation:** Library shall collate.

**Brittle volumes:** return unbound (Library pre-screens for brittle
volumes)

**Questions:** call, email, or return unbound with explanation

**Barcodes:** leave in place.

**Insert security devices:** no

**Binding slip:** must return; leave loose inside front board (no
adhesive)

**Incomplete volumes:** bind as-is if noted on binding slip; otherwise
return unbound.

**Binding:**

**Uneven issues:** align flush bottom and stub as appropriate; no trim

**Periodicals too thick:** bind as instructed on binding slip; otherwise
call, email, or return unbound.

**Volume with issues/pages to be inserted:** bind as instructed on
binding slip; otherwise call, email, or return unbound. (Library
pre-screens for and tips in loose pages.)

**Mending:** do not mend; bind as is and flag or return unbound

**Trimming:**

**Books:** do *not* trim unless instructed otherwise on binding slip

**Periodicals:** *minimal* trim at head/tail/fore edge unless instructed
otherwise on binding slip

**Preferred leaf attachment:** Library determines. If Contractor is not
able to follow Library instruction, volume is returned unbound.

**If unable to recase:** Return unbound.

**Bind flush with the bottom of the case:** Only when instructed by
Library

**Paper covers (books): Hinge** and bind in original paper covers

**Spine Stamping:**

**Print color:** white, very infrequently gold upon special instruction

**Type** (in order of preference):

\(1\) 18-point upper case only in authors and titles;

\(2\) 14-point permitted on narrow (less than 5/8 inch) spines

\(3\) Upper and lower case as indicated on the binding slip

**Call number position (order of preference):**

\(1\) Horizontal on the lower spine. Text begins 2 inches from the
bottom edge

\(2\) \[If volume less than 5/8 inch thick\] in horizontal lines stamped
on the upper left corner of the upper cover

**Position of title and variable information for periodicals (order of
preference):**

\(1\) Horizontal across spine

\(2\) Vertical from head to tail

**Year format: Follow** instruction on binding slip

**Book author/title information (order of preference):**

\(1\) Horizontal across spine

\(2\) Vertical from head to tail, start 3/4 inch from head

**Break lines:** follow instructions on binding slip; no hyphenation
except as Library instructs.

**Head and tail lines:** None

**Abbreviations:** The Library will specify words to be abbreviated. If
the label text is too long and needs to be abbreviated, the Contractor
shall contact the Library Project Officer for the proper abbreviation
and should not construct an abbreviation without instructions from the
Library.

###  

### APPENDIX III \-- References

1.  National Information Standards Organization. [ANSI/NISO/LBI Library
    Binding, Z39.78-2000.]{.underline} Bethesda, MD: NISO Press, 2000.

2\. American National Standards Institute. [Permanence of Paper for
Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.]{.underline}

3\. American National Standards Institute. [Fabrics for Book Covers,
ANSI L29.1-1977.]{.underline}

4\. Merrill-Oldham, Jan and Paul Parisi. [Guide to the Library Binding
Institute Standard for Library Binding.]{.underline} Chicago, IL:
American Library Association, 1990.

### APPENDIX IV \-- Examples

1.  Binding Shipping List

2.  Binding Instructions

3.  Spine Labels