**[k\|f/lDes]{.underline}**

dfgjclwsf/ l:ylt M-- b\]z--b\]zsf cEof; -k\|ltj\]bg\_

;g\\ @))%

*cd\]l/sL ljb\]z ljefu cGtu{tsf\] k\|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ tyf \>d;DaGwL
dfldnf x\]g\]{ sfof{noaf6 hf/L ePsf*\]

;+;f/sf ;a} k\'?if tyf dlxnf cfTd;Ddfg / :jtGqtfk\"j{s afFRg rfxG5g\\ /
pgLx¿n\] To;/L afFRg kfpg\' klg k5{ . /fi6«klt a\'z eGg\'x\'G5M ......
:jtGqtfsf\] cfwf/--lj:tf/ xfd\|f\] ;dosf\] Pp6f dxTjk\"0f{ dfGotf xf\]
ÚÚ. dfgj clwsf/ / k\|hftGqsf\] k\|j4{g ljZjJofkL cfwf/ ag\]sf\] 5 /
k\|hftflGqs zf;g k4ltåf/f ;+/lIft ljZjJofkL d\"No--dfGotfx¿sf ljifodf
clxn\] ;+;f/el/ g} ax;sf\] l;nl;nf rfn\" /x\]sf\] 5 .

k\|hftflGqs zf;g k4ltsf\] o;/L a9\\bf\] dfun\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] ;a}eGbf
e/kbf\]{ k\|Tofe\"ltstf{ eg\]sf\] hLjGt k\|hftGq xf\] eGg\]s\'/f 5n+{u
kfb{5 . o:tf\] k\|hftGqdf hgk\|ltlglwTjsf\] cfwf/ x\'G5, pQ/bfoL ;/sf/L
lgsfox? X\'G5g\\, ljlwsf\] zf;gcGtu{t ;dfgtfsf xs :yflkt x\'G5g\\, ;zQm
gful/s ;dfh lqmofzLn /xG5, /fhgLlts ax\'ntfn\] dfGotf kfPsf\] x\'G5 /
;\~rf/ dfWodx? :jtGq eP/ sfd ug{ kfpF5g\\ .

dfgj clwsf/sf\] ;+/If0f ug\'{ / k\|hftflGqs d\"No--dfGotfsf\] lj:tf/df
;xof\]u ug\'{ ;+o\'Qm /fHo cd\]l/sf / cGo :jtGq d\'n\'sx¿sf\] lhDd\]jf/L
xf\] . xfdLn\] tL b\]zx?nfO{ bL3{sfnLg?kdf dfgj clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg ug\]{
k/Dk/f ljsf; ug{ ;xof\]u pknAw u/fpg\'k5{ . xfdLn\] k\|hftGqsf\]
cfwf/zLnf bl/nf\] eOg;s\]sf b\]zsf gful/sx?sf\] hLjg:t/ ;\'wf/sf nflu
d2t ug\'{kb{5 . dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6\|o:t/df sfod /x\]sf\]
k\|lta4taf6 ljd\'v x\'g nfu\]sf b\]zx?nfO{ xfdLn\] To;tkm{ lg/Gt/ ;hu
u/fO/fVg\'kb{5. xfdLn\] ;+;f/sf ljleGg efudf a:g\] tL ;fx;L g/gf/Lk\|lt
P\]Soa4tf hgfO/xg\'k5{ h;n\] eo / qf;df al;/x\]/ klg :jtGqtfsf\] nflu
;+3if{ ul//x\]sf 5g\\ .

dfgj clwsf/ / k\|hftflGqs l;4fGtx¿sf\] k\|lt/Iff / ljsf; u/\]/ g} xfdL
xfd\|f\] b\]zsf\] nf\]slk\|o k\|hftflGqs dfGotfk\|lt ljZjf; sfod /fV5f}+
/ bL3{sfnLg zflGtsf nflu hu a;fNg\]5f}+ . dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o\'Qm
/fi6«;+3Lo ljZjJofkL 3f\]if0ffkqdf cleJoQm k\|Tofe\"ltnfO{ ;fy{s
t\'Nofpg / ljZje/ g} bl/nf\] k\|hftGqsf\] :yfkgf ug\]{ k\|lta4tf
kl/k\"lt{ ug{ nfdf\] ;do nfUg ;S5 elgG5 . t/ of\] o:tf\] sfd xf\] h;sf\]
yfngL ug{ slQ klg l9nfO ug\'{ x\'Fb}g .

log} ljrf/x¿nfO{ dgg\\ ub}{, d ;g\\ @))% sf dfgj clwsf/ cEof;x¿;DaGwL
ljb\]z ljefuåf/f tof/ ul/Psf k\|ltj\]bgx¿ ;+o\'Qm /fHo cd\]l/sfsf\]
;+;b\\ cyf{t\\ s+fu\|\]; ;dIf k\|:t\'t ug{ rfxG5\' .

sf\]G8f\]lnHhf /fO;

cd\]l/sL ljb\]zdGqL

**kl/rofTds v08**

dfgjclwsf/ cEof;;DaGwL k\|ltj\]bgx¿ --;g\\ @))%

oL k\|ltj\]bgx¿n\] !(\^ b\]zx¿df dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o
k\|lta4tfx¿nfO{ Joaxf/df s;/L nfu\" ePsf 5g\\ eGg\] s\'/fnfO{ JofVof
u/\]sf 5g\\ . oL cfwf/e\"t clwsf/x¿ ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3sf\] dfgj
clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f\]if0ffkqdf klg k\|ltljlDat ePsf 5g\\ / lognfO{
x/\]s ;+:s\[lt / /Ë, x/\]s k\[i7e\"ld / ljZjf;sf dflg;x¿n\] cFufNb}
cfPsf 5g\\ . o;sf ;fy} logn\] /fi6«klt a\'zn\] eg\]h:t} ...... dfgjLo
cfTd;Ddfgsf\] s\'g} ;Demf}tfljxLg cfjZostfÚÚ nfO{ k\|ltlglwTj u5{g\\ .

cd\]l/sL ljb\]z ljefun\] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL l:lyltsf ;Gbe{df ljleGg
b\]zaf/\]sf k\|ltj\]bgx¿nfO{ s+fu\|\];n\] lbPsf\] clwsf/df cfwfl/t eP/
;g\\ !(&& df klxnf\] k6s k\|sflzt u/\]sf\] lyof\] . / tL k\|ltj\]bgx¿
ljZjJofkL ?kdf dfgj clwsf/nfO{ kfngf ug{ nufpg\] cd\]l/sL k\|of;sf clt
dxTjk\"0f{ kIf aGb} cfPsf 5g\\ . em08} tLg bzssf\] cjlwdf jfif}{lkR5\]
lg:sg\] oL k\|ltj\]bgx¿n\] ;Gbe{;fdu\|Lsf ?kdf / b\'Jo{axf/nfO{ ;dfKt
ug{ / ;a}sf\] cfwf/e\"t clwsf/x¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{;Sg\] u/L /fHosf\]
IfdtfnfO{ ;\'b\[9 u/fpg OR5\'s ;/sf/x¿, ;+3 ;+:yfx¿ / JolQmx¿ aLrsf\]
;xof\]ufTds sfo{sf nflu Pp6f cfwf/:tDesf\] ?kdf ;\]jf k\'¥ofpFb} cfPsf
5g\\ .

dfgj clwsf/sf\] ljZjJofkL cleofg cGo d\'n\'ssf gful/sx¿df aflx/sf\]
d\"No dfGotf nfb\\g\] k\|of; cyjf pgLx¿sf\] cfGtl/s dfdnfdf x:tIf\]k
ug\]{ lgot kSs} klg xf\]Og . dfgj clwsf/sf\] ljZjJofkL 3f\]if0ffkqdf
elgPsf\] 5M ...... x/\]s gful/s / ;dfhsf x/\]s cª\\u oL clwsf/ /
:jtGqtfx¿k\|ltsf\] cfb/nfO{ k\|ultzLn / /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o 9Ëaf6
k\|j4{g ug{ / logsf\] ljZjJofkL tyf k\|efjsf/L?kdf dfGotf k\|fKt ug{ /
cjnf\]sgsf nflu === ÚÚ

/fi6«klt a\'zn\] ...... xfd\|f\] ljZjdf afFsL /x\]sf\] tfgfzfxLsf\] cGTo
ug\]{ ÚÚ h:tf\] P\]ltxfl;s / bL3{sfnLg nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu cd\]l/sfn\]
cGo k\|hftlGqs d\'n\'sx¿ / ljZje/sf ;befj ePsf k\'?if tyf dlxnf;Fu sfd
ug\]{ k\|lta4tf JoQm ug\'{ePsf\] 5 .

xfdLn\] s\] s\'/fdf lglZrt x\'g\' cfjZos 5 eg\] dfgj clwsf/ pNn‹g /
Gofokflnsfaf6 b\'?:t Gofo gkfOg\] h:tf 36gf k\|hftflGqs d\'n\'sx?df klg
x\'g ;S5 . s\'g} klg zf;g k4lt sDfhf\]/Ld\'Qm 5}gg\\ . k\|hftflGqs
d\'n\'sx¿df dfgj clwsf/sf\] cj:yf leGbfleGb} 5 / tL d\'nsx¿sf
k\|ltj\]bgn\] o; s\'/fnfO{ b\]vfpF5 .

vf;u/L l9nf\] ultdf cufl8 a9\]sf / ;\|f\]t--;fwg sd ePsf k\|hftflGqs
b\]zx¿df pgLx¿n\] cfkm\\gf gful/s;dIf u/\]sf k\|lt1f k\"/f ug\]{ nufot
dfgj clwsf/k\|ltsf\] k\|ltj4tf k\"/f ug{ klg c;kmn x\'g ;S5g\\ .
k\|hftflGqs ljsf; ljyf\]lng jf lau\|g ;S5 . clgolGqt e\|i6frf/n\]
k\|hftflGqs ljsf;nfO{ k5fl8 ws\]Ng ;S5, Goflos k\|lqmof l5GgleGg x\'g
;S5 / gful/sx¿sf\] cf:yf elTsg ;S5 . t}klg, ;du\|df, eGg\'kbf{
k\|hftflGqs k\|0ffnL ePsf d\'n\'sn\] ck\|hftflGqs d\'n\'sx¿sf\] t\'ngfdf
dfgj clwsf/sf\] ;+/If0f /fd\|\]l;t ub{5g\\ .

;a}sf nflu :jtGqtf / Gofok\|ltsf\] cd\]l/sfsf\]\] ofqf lgs} nfdf\] /
cK7\\of/f\] /xFb} cfPsf\] 5, ;fy} of\] k\"/f x\'g cem lgs} 6f9f 5 .
ljutb\]lv clxn\];Ddsf xfd\|f\] ;/sf/sf :jtGq lgsfox¿, xfd\|f\] :jtGq
;\~rf/ dfWodx¿, ljZjsf nflu xfd\|f\] v\'Nnfkg / d\'Vo?kdf cd\]l/sL
gful/sx¿sf\] pT;fxhgs /fi6«elQmn\] xfdLnfO{ xfd\|f\] cfwf/:tDesf\] ?kdf
/x\]sf l;4fGtx¿k\|lt / xfd\|f\] dfgj clwsf/k\|ltsf\] cGt/f{li6«o
k\|lta4tfk\|lt ljZjf; sfod /fVg d2t k\'¥ofpFb} cfPsf 5g\\ .

rlr{t k\|ltj\]bgx¿ tYodf cfwfl/t 5g\\ h;af6 dfgj clwsf/sf If\]qdf ePsf
k\|ult / ljBdfg r\'gf}tLx¿nfO{ d\"NofÍg ug{ d2t k\'Ug\]5 . oL
k\|ltjb\]gx¿n\] x/\]s d\'n\'sdf ;g\\ @))% sf\] cjlwdf ePsf ultljlwnfO{
;dLIff u/\]sf\] 5 / o;df Ps d\'n\'ssf\] pknlAwnfO{ csf\]{ d\'n\'slj?4
kg\]{u/L ;dLIff ul/g\]5}g . x/\]s d\'n\'ssf\] k\|ltj\]bg cfkm}+ af\]Ng\]
ePsf\]n\] o;af6 Ps csf{;Fusf\] t\'ngfTds cWoog ug{ eg\] ;lsg\]5 .
pbfx/0fx¿sf cfwf/df 5 j6f lj:t\[t cjwf/0ffnfO{ tn k\|:t\'t ul/Psf\] 5 .
t/ k\|:t\'t pbfx/0fx¿ uxg vfnsf geO{ ljj/0ffTds lsl;dsf dfq x\'g\\ .

**klxnf\], To:tf b\]zx¿ hxfF zlQm u}/lhDd\]jf/ zf;ssf\] xftdf s\]lGb\|t
/x\]sf\] 5 / tL b\]zx¿ ljZjs} ;aeGbf a9L hfgfhfg dfgj clwsf/sf\] pNn‹g
ug\]{ /fi6«sf ?kdf b\]vfkg\]{ l:ylt /x\]sf\] 5 .** o:tf d\'n\'sx¿df
k\"/} cg\'bf/ / tfgfzfxL zf;g Joj:yf ePsf b\]zdf kb{5g\\. cfkm\\gf
gful/sx¿nfO{ k\"0f{?kdf cfwf/e\"t clwsf/sf\] pkof\]u ug{af6 jl\~rt
ul/Psf\] x\'G5. cGo b\]zx¿df o:tf cfwf/e\"t clwsf/x¿sf\] pkof\]unfO{
uDeL/ ?kdf k\|ltaGw nufpg\] gLlt /x\]sfx? kb{5g\\ .

;g\\ @))% df k\|hftflGqs hgu0ftGq sf\]l/of - pQ/ sf\]l/of \_ ljZjs}
;aeGbf PSnf\] jf a\]Un} d\'n\'ssf\] ?kdf /x\]sf\] kfOG5 . ToxfFsf\]
tfgfzfxL ;/sf/n\] gful/sx¿sf\] hLjgsf\] ;Dk\"0f{ kIfnfO{ lgoldt ?kdf
lgoGq0f ub}{ cfPsf\] 5 ;fy} jfs:jtGqtf, wfld{s :jtGqtf, k\|\]; :jtGqtf,
e\]nf x\'g\], ;+ul7t x\'g\], cfGbf\]ng ug\]{ :jtGqtf ;fy} sfdbf/x¿sf\]
xs clwsf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug\]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} cfPsf\] 5 . ;g\\ @))%
sf\] l8;\]Da/ dlxgfdf ToxfFsf zf;sn\] cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf\]
pkl:yltnfO{ sd ug\]{ 3f\]if0ff u/\]af6 ljZjaf6 PlSng\] qmddf pQ/
sf\]l/of emg\\ tn em/\]sf\] 5 .

#### To:t}, adf{df ;}lgs tfgfzfxL /x\]sf\] 5 hxfF k\|hftflGqs ;\'wf/ k\|lqmof yfngL ug\]{ tyf dfgj clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg ug\]{ k\|ltj4tf b\]vfj6L k\|dfl0ft ePsf\] 5. lgb{oL / bdgsf/L zf;g ;\~rfng x\'Fb}{ cfPsf\] 5 . ank\"j{s \>ddf nufpg\], dfgj a\]rlavg, afn;}Gosf\] k\|of\]u, / wfld{s e\]befj h:tf s\'/fx¿ uDeL/ ;/f\]sf/sf ljifo ag\]sf 5g\\ . ToxfFsf ;}lgsx¿n\] b\'Jo{jxf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} cfPsf 5g\\ . ;fy} of\]hfgfa4 anfTsf/, oftgf, xTof, tyf cNk;+Vos hghfltx¿nfO{ bjfjk\"j{s a;fFO ;fg\]{ h:tf b\'Jo{jxf/x¿nfO{ sfod /fv\]sf 5g\\ . ToxfFsf zf;sn\] gf\]an k\'/:sf/ ljh\]tf / ljkIfL g\]t\[ cfª ;fª ;\' sLnfO{ s\'g} cleof\]u ljgf pxfFs} 3/df gh/jGb /fVg\] nufot /fhgLlts sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ s8f lgu/fgL ug\]{, bafa lbg\] tyf y\'Gg\]h:tf sfo{ u/\]/ s8f lgoGq0fsf/L gLltnfO{ sfod /fv\]sf 5g\\ .

#### O/fgL ;/sf/sf\] ljutdf dfgj clwsf/ / k\|hftGqk\|ltsf\] Joaxf/ lau+\|bf\] /x\]sf\] clen\]v ePsf\]df ;g\\ @))% df ;f\] cem lau\|+b} uPsf\] kfOPsf\] 5 . h\'g dlxgfdf ;DkGg /fi6«klt kbsf\] lgjf{rgdf pDd\]b\\jf/L btf{ u/fPsf Ps xhf/ eGbf clns a9L - ;a} dlxnf pDd\]b\\jf/ ;lxt \_ pDd\]b\\jf/x¿nfO{ s\'g} sf/0f lagf ToxfFsf\] ;\'/Iff kl/ifb\\n\] r\'gfjL k\|lt:k4f{af6 x6fPsf\] lyof\] . ;fy} gjlgo\'Qm /fi6«kltn\] ljutdf ox\'bLx?sf\] cfd g/;+xf/nfO{ c:jLsf/ ub}{ Oh/fonnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ cfJxfg ug\'{ePsf\] 5 . ToxfFsf zf;s ju{ / /fi6«kltn\] /fhgLlts aGbLx¿ /flvPsf\] sf/fuf/sf\] lau+\|bf\] cj:yfnfO{ gh/cGbfh ug\'{sf ;fy} k\|\]; :jtGqtf dfly yk k\|ltjGw nufpg\] / ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts :jtGqtfdf lg/Gt/?kdf s6f}tL ub}{ cfPsf\] 5 . ToxfFsf\] ;/sf/n\] s\]xL uDeL/ b\'Jo{axf/x¿ h:t} xTof, wfld{s :jtGqtfsf\] uDeL/ pNn‹g, wd{ / hftsf cfwf/df e\]befj, a\]kQf kg\]{, cltjfbL cftÍ / oftgf tyf cGo unt Joaxf/x¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfPsf\] 5 .

#### lhDafAj\]sf\] ;/sf/n\] dfgj dof{bf / cfwf/e\"t :jtGqtfdf s8f k\|xf/ ub}{ cfPsf\] 5 . ;fy} o;n\] gful/s ;dfh / dfgj clwsf/jfbL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿df cfkm\\gf\] ks8nfO{ alnof\] agfpFb} dfr{sf\] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgnfO{ k\|efljt kf/\]sf\] 5 . ljkIfL ;b:ox¿ oftgf / anfTsf/ nufotsf b\'Jo{axf/af6 kLl8t ag\]sf 5g\\ . ;+ljwfgsf\] gofF ;+zf\]wgn\] ;/sf/nfO{ b\]zaf6 aflx/ hfg k\|ltaGw nufpg ;Sg\] clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 . To:t}, hUuf PsLs\[t sfo{qmd cg\';f/ ;a} hldgsf\] :jfldTj ;/sf/df hfg;Sg\] clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 / o:tf\] hldg PsLs\[t ug\]{ sfo{sf\] lj?4df cbfntdf ph\'/L ug{ kfpg\] clwsf/nfO{ ;d\]t x6fOPsf\] 5 . ;/sf/sf\] k\'g:yf{kgf sfo{ cfb\]zn\] cj}wflgs ?kdf lgdf{0f ePsf\] elgPsf 3/ tyf Joj;fox¿nfO{ eTsfpg k\|f\]T;flxt u/\]sf\] 5 o;n\] ;ft nfveGbf a9L dflg;nfO{ lj:yflkt u/fPsf\] jf ufF;af;nfO{ vtd agfPsf\] 5 . ;fy} o;n\] b\]zsf\] sDfhf\]/ / lg/fzfhgs cy{tGqnfO{ emg\\ sDfhf\]/ agfPsf\] 5 . 

#### So\'afdf, ToxfFsf zf;sn\] sDo\'lgi6 kf6L{ / /fHo--lgolGqt ;+u7gx¿sf\] dfWodaf6 dflg;sf\] hLjgsf x/\]s kIfdf lgoGq0f /fVg\] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf\] 5 . ToxfFsf\] ;Qfn\] k\|hftflGqs ;\'wf/sf\] cfJxfgnfO{ bafPsf\] 5 . o;sf\] pbfx/0fsf nflu ef/\]nf kl/of\]hgf xf\] h;n\] /fli6«o:t/df hgdt;+u\|xsf nflu k\|:tfj u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ToxfFsf\] ;/sf/n\] ef/\]nfsf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ kqmfp u¥of\], y\'gfdf /fVof\], hl/jfgf u¥of\], wDsfof\] / ;/sf/n\] \### hgfnfO{ /fhgLlts jGbL tyf y\'g\'jfsf ?kdf /fVof\] . 

#### rLgsf\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] cj:yf klg g/fd\|f\] /x\]sf\] 5 / ;/sf/n\] gful/sx?k\|lt lg/Gt/ ?kdf uDeL/ b\'Jo{axf/ ub}{ cfPsf\] 5 . h;n\] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf rLg ;/sf/sf\] gLlt cyjf egfOsf\] lj?4df jsfnt u5{ cyjf ;/sf/L lgsfosf lj?4df lj/f\]w hgfpF5 p;n\] ;/sf/ / ;\'/Iff lgsfox¿af6 x}/fgL, y\'gfdf a:g\'kg\]{ h:tf ;d:of em\]Ng\'kg\]{ x\'G5 . ;\'zf;gsf\] :yfkgfsf nflu cfu\|x ub}{ ul/g\] lj/f\]w tyf ;/sf/L cfb\]zsf\] cj1f h:tf 36gfx¿ a9\\b} uPsf / o:tf w\]/} 36gfx¿nfO{ lgd{d tl/sfn\] bdg ul/Psf\] lyof\] . Goflos lgsfosf\] clwsf/sf\] j\[l4 / k\|x/L / ;\'/Iff kmf}hsf\] cgfjZos zlQmnfO{ 36fpg\] k\|d\'v pkfox¿ Tolts} c8\\lsPsf 5g\\ . ;\~rf/ dfWod / OG6/g\]6dflysf\] aGb\]hx? cem} hf/L 5g\\ . cNk;+Vos ;d\'bfox¿ ljz\]if u/L o\'u{; / ltAa\]ltogx¿dflysf\] pTkL8g klg hf/L g} 5 . gofF wfld{s dfldnf;DaGwL sfg\'g NofOPsf\] 5 h;n\] btf{ ePsf s\]xL wfld{s ;d\"xx¿sf ultljlwx¿nfO{ a9fjf lbPsf\] 5 t/ btf{ gePsf wfld{s ;d\"xx¿ dflysf\] pTkL8g sfod} 5 . pbfx/0fsf ?kdf kmfn\'Ë uf\]Ë cfWoflTds cGbf\]ngdflysf\] pTkL8gnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . 

#### a\]nf?;df ToxfFsf /fi6«klt n\'sfl;oGsf\] / pgsf\] tfgfzfxL ;Qfn\] zlQm ;a} cfkm\\gf\] xftdf lng\] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x\]sf 5g\\ . n\'sfl;oGsf\] / pgsf\] ;Qfsf\] cnf\]rgf u/\] afkt k\|hftflGqs kIfw/ ultljlwx¿, ljkIfL /fhgLlt1x¿, :jtGq dhb\"/ ;+u7gsf g\]tfx¿, ljBfyL{x¿ / cvjf/sf ;Dkfbsx¿nfO{ y\'Gg\], hl/jfgf ug\]{ / h\]n k7fpg\] sfdx¿ ePsf\] lyof\] . ;fy} pgsf\] ;/sf/n\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, :jtGq ;\~rf/ dfWod, /fhgLlts bnx¿, / cNk;+Vos / wfld{s ;+:yfx¿sf\] sfg\'gL ?kdf ;\~rfng x\'g ;Sg\] IfdtfnfO{ hl6n agfpg jf rNg glbgsf nflu s/sf\] hfFr sfo{nfO{ a\[l4 ug\]{ tyf btf{;DaGwL gofF k\|fjwfgx¿ yf\]kg\]{ pkfo ckgfPsf\] lyof\] . 

#### 

#### **bf\];\|f\], dfgj clwsf/ / k\|hftGqaLr glhssf\] ;DaGw /x\]sf\] / oL b\'a} bL3{sfnLg :yfloTj / ;\'/Iffsf nflu cfjZos 5g\\ .** :jtGq / k\|hftflGqs d\'n\'sx¿n\] cfkm\\gf gful/sx¿sf\] clwsf/nfO{ cfb/ u5{g\\ h;af6 bL3{sfnLg zflGtsf nflu cfwf/zLnf tof/ ug{ d2t k\'U5 . o;sf\] ljkl/t tL b\]zx¿ h;n\] uDeL/ / l;nl;nfa4 ?kdf cfkm\\gf gful/sx¿sf\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] pNn‹g u/\]sf 5g\\ ltgLx¿ l5d\]sL b\]z / cGt/f{li6«o ;d\'bfosf nflu vt/f aGg ;S5g\\ . o; ;Gb{edf adf{ - Dofgdf/ \_ Pp6f pbfx/0f aGg ;S5 . adf{df ljutdf ckxl/t k\|hftflGqs af6f\]tkm{ kmls{P/ dfq ad\]{nL hgtfsf\] cfwf/e\"t clwsf/sf\] k\|Tofe\"lt ug{ ;lsg\] cj:yf 5 . ToxfFsf\] z}lgs zf;s ;d\"xn\] ;g\\ !(() df ;DkGg P\]ltxfl;s :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rgsf\] kl/0ffdnfO{ dfGotf lbg OGsf/ ub}{ cfPsf\] 5 . ToxfFsf zf;ssf\] lgb{oL / ljgf;sf/L ultljlwn\] ad\]{nL hgtfdfly cTolws kL8f yf\]kl/Psf\] 5 / o;af6 l5d\]sL b\]zx¿n\] z/0ffyL{sf\] a9\\bf\] rfk;Fu} ;?jf /f\]usf\] ;+qmd0f / nfu\"cf}ifw tyf dfgjsf\] cj}w Jofkf/ h:tf w\]/} ;d:ofx¿ em\]Ng\' kl//x\]sf\] 5 . ut l8;\]Da/sf\] !\^ tfl/vdf /fi6« ;+3Lo ;\'/Iff kl/ifb\\n\] adf{sf\] cj:yfsf\] af/\]df dxTjk\"0f{ 5nkmn u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

####  k\|hftflGqs hgu0ftGq sf\]l/of csf\]{ pbfx/0fsf\] ?kdf /x\]sf\] 5 . ha sf\]l/og k\|foåLkdf ljefhg eof\] / hgu0ftGq sf\]l/of / u0ftGq sf\]l/of - cyf{t\\ blIf0f sf\]l/of \_ To;a\]nf em08} Ps}vfn\] cfly{s cj:yfdf lyP . b\'a} b\]z tfgfzfxL zf;g Joa:yfsf\] rk\]6fdf lyP . /fhgLlts / cfly{s :jtGqtfn\] kl5 uP/ oL b\'O{ sf\]l/ofaLr 7\"nf\] leGgtf b\]vfPsf\] 5 . cfh, pQ/ sf\]l/ofnL hgtf cfwf/e\"t :jtGqtfaf6 al\~rt 5g\\ ;fy} ToxfFsf\] lg/+s\'z zf;g ;Qfn\] bzf}+ xhf/ z/0ffyL{x¿ hGdfPsf\] 5 . ToxfFsf\] ;/sf/n\] nfu\" cf}ifwsf\] Jofkf/, gSsnL d\'b\|fsf\] lgisfzg / r\'/f\]6h:tf j:t\' / t:s/L nufotsf ljleGg cj}wflgs ultljlwx¿af6 ljb\]zL d\'b\|f sdfO/x\]sf\] 5 . Kof\]ªofªn\] cGt/f{li6\|o ;d\'bfosf\] k6s--k6ssf\] To; cx\\jfgsf\] pk\]Iff ul//x\]sf\] 5 h;n\] pQ/ sf\]l/ofnfO{ cf0fljs sfo{qmdx? /2 ug{ cfu\|x u/\]sf\] 5.

#### O/fgL ;/sf/n\] hgtfsf\] lhDd\]jf/ / pQ/bfoL ;/sf/sf\] rfxgfnfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf j\]jf:tf ug\]{, cf0fljs xltof/sf\] pTkfbg ug\]{ Ifdtf xfl;n ug\]{ vt/gfs gLltnfO{ canDag ug\]{, cftÍsf/L ;+u7gnfO{ ;xof\]u k\'¥ofpg\] / To;sf\] jsfnt ug\]{ h:tf sfo{x¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} cfPsf\] 5 . o;sf ;fy} gjlgo\'Qm /fi6«kltsf w\]/} ;fj{hlgs efif0fx¿df /fi6«;+3sf\] Pp6f ;b:o b\]zsf\] ljgf;sf\] dfu ;DaGwL s\'/f klg o;df kg{ cfpF5g\\ . O/fgsf cfkm\\g} gful/ssf\] cfwf/e\"t clwsf/sf\] cefj, o;sf\] O/fsdflysf\] x:tIf\]k, o;sf\] xha\'Nnf, xdf; / cGo cftÍsf/L ;d\"xk\|ltsf\] ;dy{g / o:tf ljifodf ;sf/fTds ?kdf nflu kg\]{ ljifonfO{ OGsf/ ug\'{ h:tf s\'/fn\] o;nfO{ ljZj ;d\'bfoaf6 emg\\ a9L PSNofPsf\] 5 . 

#### o;}u/L l;l/ofsf\] ;/sf/n\] p;sf gful/ssf\] cfwf/e\"t :jtGqtfsf\] cfb/ ug{ / o;n\] l5d\]sL d\'n\'sx¿sf\] dfdnfdf ug\]{ x:tIf\]ksf\] cGTo ug{ cGt/f{li6«o hut\\af6 ePsf\] cfJxfgnfO{ OGsf/ u/\]sf\] 5 . l;l/ofn\] xha\'Nnf / xdf; nufotsf Kofn\]:6fOgsf lj/f\]wL ;d\"x¿nfO{ ;xof\]u k\'¥ofpg\] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} cfPsf\] 5 . / a\]?tdf ePsf\] n\]agfgL k\|wfgdGqL cn--xl/l/sf\] xTofsf\] /fi6«;+3Lo :jtGq cGt/f{li6«o cg\';Gwfg cfof\]unfO{ l;l/ofn\] k\"0f{?kdf ;xof\]u lbPg . ;f\] cfof\]usf\] k\|d\'v cg\';Gwfgstf{sf\] k\|ltj\]bgdf l;l/ofnL ;/sf/L lgsfosf\] ;+nUgtf ePsf\] k\|df0fx¿n\] b\]vfPsf\] s\'/fnfO{ pNn\]v ul/Psf\] / l;l/ofnL clwsf/Lx¿n\] hfgLhfgL cg\';Gwfgstf{nfO{ e\|ddf kfg{ ;xof\]u ug{ lxr\\lsrfx6 u/\]sf\] s\'/fnfO{ :ki6 kfl/Psf\] 5 . 

#### afNsg If\]qdf cfPsf\] kl/jt{g eg\] pT;fxj4{s 5 . dfgj clwsf/, k\|hftGq / ljlwsf\] zf;gsf If\]qdf ljutsf s\]xL jif{x¿df ePsf\] pNn\]Vo ;\'wf/n\] Tof\] If\]q 7f\]; :yfloTj / ;\'/Ifftkm{ cl3 a9\]sf\] 5 . Jofks dfqfdf k\|hftflGqs ;/sf/x¿ /x\]sf 5g\\, a9LeGbf a9L o\'4 ck/fwLx¿ Gofosf\] s7uf/fdf k/\]sf 5g\\, 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf lj:yflktx¿ 3/ kmls{Psf 5g\\ . lgjf{rgx¿ yk k\|ultzLn 9Ëaf6 cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg\'?k ;\~rfng x\'g yfn\]sf 5g\\, / l5d\]sL d\'n\'sx¿ åGå kl5sf\] cj:yf / If\]qLo ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;\'wf/ ug{ cfkm\\gf\] ;xof\]ux¿df a\[l4 ub}{ 5g\\ . k\"j{ o\'uf\]:nfleofsf w\]/} d\'n\'sx¿n\] o\'4 ck/fwsf\] cf/f\]k nfu\]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ :yfgLo cbfntsf\] ;\'g\'jfOdf Nofpg\] sfddf k\|ult xfl;n ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\\ h\'g s\'/f /fli6«o d\]nldnfk / If\]qLo :yfloTjsf nflu dxTjk\"0f{ dflgG5 . ;g\\ @))% sf\] cGTo;Dddf b\'O{ hgf o\'4 ck/fwLsf ?kdf cf/f\]lkt cleo\'Qmx¿ /f8f\]efg sf/flhs / /f6\\sf\] dfnl8s eg\] km/f/ g} /xg k\'u\] . 

#### **t\];\|f\], cfGtl/s jf ;Ldf jf/kf/ If\]qdf ljBdfg åGåx¿sf ;Gbe{df ;/sf/ kIfaf6 s\]xL uDeL/ vfnsf dfgj clwsf/ pNn‹gsf 36gfx¿ ePsf 5g\\ .** ;\'8fgL ;/sf/n\] ;g\\ @))# df 8f/k\'m/ If\]qdf ;fdfGo ?kdf km}nb} /x\]sf\] clk\|msL ljb\|f\]xLx¿nfO{ bafpg ...hghfj\]8Ú n8fs\'x¿nfO{ xftxltof/ pknAw u/fO{ ;f\] If\]qdf pb08 dRrfpg 5\'6 lbPsf\] lyof\] . cflv/ of\] kl5 uP/ Pp6f hl6n åGådf kl/0ft eof\] . cd\]l/sL ljb\]z ljefun\] ;g\\ @))\$ sf\] ;\]K6\]Da/ dlxgfdf 8f/k\'m/ If\]qdf hfltxTof ePsf\] 3f\]if0ff u¥of\] . o;n\] ;g\\ @))% df klg lg/Gt/tf kfof\] . ;g\\ @))% df\] cGTo;Dddf slDtdf klg &) xhf/ dflg;x¿ dfl/P, le8Gtsf sf/0f s/La @) nfv dflg; lj:yflkt ePsf 5g\\ . b\'O{ nfveGbf a9L z/0ffyL{ l5d\]sL b\]z rf8 knfog ePsf 5g\\ . 8f/k\'m/ If\]qdf oftgf ljz\]ifu/L dlxnfdfly anfTsf/sf 36gf Jofks eof\] / 36gf hfgfhfg ePsf lyP .

#### ToxfFaf6 cfPsf ljj/0fx?df dlxnfx¿sf\] 7\"nf\] n:s/ d?e\"ldtkm{ b\]lvPsf\] s\'/f pNn\]v 5 . t/ To;kl5sf\] va/ s\]xL 5}g. ;\'8fgL ;/sf/ / ToxfFsf\] ;\'8fgL hgd\'lQm cfGbf\]ngsf kIfw/x¿aLrsf\] zflGt ;Demf}tfdf h\'nfO{df x:tfIf/ eP kl5 ;+ljwfg hf/L ug\]{ / ;g\\ @))( df x\'g\] lgjf{rg ;DkGg geP;Ddsf nflu /fli6«o Pstfsf\] ;/sf/ u7g ug\]{ sfo{nfO{ dfu{k\|z:t ePsf\] 5 . clk\|msL o\'lgogn\] 8f/k\'m/ If\]qdf ;ft xhf/ kmf}hnfO{ t}gfy u/\]sf\] 5. o;af6 s\]xL dfqfdf lx+;fnfO{ /f\]Sg ;s\] klg ;a} vfn\] lx+;fnfO{ /f\]Sg eg\] ;s\]g . ;g\\ @))% sf\] cGTo;Dddf klg ;/sf/ ;dly{t ...hghfj\]8Ú n8fs\'x¿n\] gful/sx¿ dflysf\] xdnfnfO{ hf/L /fv\]sf 5g\\ . 

#### g\]kfnsf\] v:sFbf\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] l:ylt emg\\ v/fj ePsf\] 5 . km\]a\|\'c/L--clk\|ndf nfu\" ePsf\] ;+s6sfnsf\] 3f\]if0ffsf\] ;dodf / To; kl5sf\] ;dodf ;/sf/n\] aGbL k\|ToIfLs/0f afx\]ssf ;a} vfn\] cfwf/e\"t clwsf/dfly k\|ltaGw nufO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf uDeL/ vfn\] b\'Jo{axf/x¿ ub}{ cfPsf\] 5 . ;/sf/n\] kltko 36gfx¿df ;jf\]{Rr cbfntsf\] aGbL--k\|ToIfLs/0fsf\] cfb\]znfO{ ;d\]t j\]jf:tf ub}{ ljBfyL{ / /fhgLlts bnsf g\]tfnfO{ k\'gM lu/km\\tf/ ug\]{ sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\] . dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx¿n\] klg oftgf, xTof, ad lj:kmf\]6, afn;}Go etL{, ckx/0f, n\"6 / ljBfno tyf Joj;fox¿nfO{ ank\"j{s aGb u/fpg\]h:tf cleofgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb}cfPsf 5g\\ . 

#### clk\|msL d\'n\'s sf\]6f l8ef\]/df d\'n\'snfO{ ljefhg ug\]{ ;f\]rsf ;fy ljBdfg /fhgLlts ;+s6sf\] lg/Gt/tfn\] ;g\\ @))% df klg anfTsf/, oftgf / ;}lgs tyf ljb\|f\]xL kIfaf6 ePsf u}/Goflos xTof nufotsf 36gfsf sf/0f b\'Jo{axf/n\] lg/Gt/tf kfof\] . ToxfF ljb\|f\]xL kIfaf6 x\'g\] afn;}Gosf\] etL{df sdL cfPsf\] / w\]/}nfO{ d\'Qm ul/Psf\] hfgsf/L k\|fKt ePsf\] 5 . /fhgLlts ljkIfLsf lj?4sf\] lx+;f / lx+;fk\|ltsf\] hf\]lvd sfod} 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ;d\'bfo / clk\|msL o\'lgogsf\] lg/Gt/ k\|ofzsf afah\'b zlQmsf\] afF8kmfF8df cfwfl/t ;/sf/ :yfkgf ug\]{ ;DaGwL /fhgLlts k\|lqmof ca?4 /x\]sf\] 5 . cS6f\]a/ #) tfl/vdf x\'g\] to ePsf\] lgjf{rgsf nflu ;\]K6\]Da/ dlxgfsf\] cGTo;Dddf cGTodf klg vf; sfd x\'g ;s\]g . /, gofF zlQmsf ?kdf /x\]sf\] ljb\|f\]xL ;d\"xnfO{ lgMz:q kfg\]{ sfd klg z\'? x\'g ;s\]sf\] lyPg . cS6f\]a/ \^ df clk\|msL o\'lgogn\] /fi6«klt n/\]G6 ufafuf\]sf\] cjlwnfO{ a9Ldf Ps jif{;Ddsf nflu nDAofpg\] kf\] lg0f{o u¥of\] . 

#### r\]r\]Gofdf / ?;sf\] pQ/L ss\];g If\]qdf ;+3Lo kmf}h / df:sf\]--;dy{s r\]r\]g kmf}hx¿ oftgf, l56km\'6 xTof, a\]kQf kfg\]{ / u}/sfg\'gL y\'gfdf /fVg\] nufotsf b\'Jo{jxf/x¿df nfu\]sf lyP . df:sf\] ;dy{s r\]r\]g c4{ ;}lgsx¿ ;f\]xL ;dodf ?;L ;}Go ;+/rgfaf6 eGbf :jftGq?kdf sfd ug{ ;lqmo b\]lvg yfn\] / To;} a\]nf ;+3Lo k\|zf;gn\] pgLx¿nfO{ aflxl/gaf6 /f\]Sg cyjf r/d b\'Jo{jxf/k\|lt lhDd\]jf/ agfpg s\'g} k\|efjsf/L e\"ldsf lgjf{x u/\]sf\] b\]lvg\] vfnsf s\'g} ;+s\]t b\]vf k/\]g . ;/sf/ lj/f\]wL zlQmx¿n\] cftÍsf/L ad cfqmd0f / pQ/L ss\];;df dfgj clwsf/sf\] uDeL/ pNn‹g h:tf sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP . ;g\\ @))% sf\] jif{n\] k\"/} o; If\]qdf lx+;f / b\'Jo{axf/ km}lnPsf\] / ToxfF ;du\|df eGg\' kbf{ sfg\'gljxLg cj:yf / e\|i6frf/sf\] jftfj/0f 5fPsf\] lyof\] . 

#### dWo--clk\|msfsf\] u\|\]6 n\]s If\]qdf kg\]{ k\|hftflGqs u0ftGq s+uf\], ?cf08f, a\'?08L / o\'ufG8f cf;kf;sf ;a} If\]q k\"/} bzsel/ u\[x o\'4, Jofks cGt/ hghfltoo\'4 / uDeL/ ?kdf åGå;Fu ;DalGwt dfgj clwsf/ xgg\\sf 36gfdf xf\]ldPsf lyP . t/ klg, ;du\|df, ;g\\ @))% df sd lx+;f ePsf\] / :ki6 ?kdf b\]Vg ;lsg\] u/L dfgj clwsf/sf\] cj:yf ;\'wf/ ePsf\] b\]lvof\] . bzf}+ xhf/ lj:yflkt ljz\]ifu/L a\'?G8Ljf;LnfO{ 3/ kms{g k\|f\]T;flxt u/\]sf\] lyof\] . a\'?G8Lsf\] rf/jif\]{ ;+qmd0fsfn ;dfKt eof\] / s+Ëf\]df lgjf{rgsf\] P\]ltxfl;s k\|lqmof cl3 a9\\g kfof\] . u\|\]6 n\]s If\]qsf ;/sf/x¿n\] pgLx¿sf ;\]gfdf / ljleGg ljb\|f\]xL ;d\"x;Fu cfa4 xhf/f}+sf\] ;+Vofdf /x\]sf afn ;}Gox¿nfO{ kl/rfng gug\]{ sfo{df lgs} dxTjk\"0f{ k\|ult xfl;n u/\]sf lyP . o;} ;dodf, /fi6«;+3sf\] ;dy{gdf s+uf\]df ljb\|f\]xLx?nfO{ lgz:q ug\]{ sfo{ eof\], t}klg k\"jL{ If\]qdf /x\]sf ;z:q ;d\"xn\] o; If\]qnfO{ c:yL/ agfpg\] / k\|fs\[lts ;\|f\]t / /0fgLltut lx;fan\] pgLx¿aLrdf g} k\|lt:k4f{ ug\]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP . ;g\\ !((\$ sf\] hfltoxTofsf\] g\]t\[Tj ug\]{ ?cfG8fsf ljb\|f\]xLnufot o\'ufG8f / a\'?G8Lsf xhf/f}+ ljb\|f\]xLx¿n\] cfkm\\gf\] b\]zsf ;/sf/sf\] lj/f\]w ug\]{ tyf ?cfG8fsf gful/sx¿dfly cfqmd0f ug\]{ / ljz\]ifu/L dlxnf / afnaflnsfdfly uDeL/ b\'Jo{jxf/nfO{ hf/L /fv\] . u0ftGq sËf\]df b\'Jo{jxf/ ul//x\]sf ;z:q ;d\"xx¿nfO{ ?cfG8f / o\'ufG8fsf ;/sf/x¿n\] u}/sfg\"gL?kdf af/Daf/ xftxltof/ cfk\"lt{ ug\]{ sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP .

#### sf\]nlDaofdf, \$! jif{ nfdf\] cfGtl/s ;z:q ljb\|f\]x;Fu ;DalGwt dfgj clwsf/sf\] pNn‹g ;g\\ @))%df dfod /x\\of\] . t}klg cj}wflgs ;z:q ;d\"xsf lj?4df ;/sf/sf\] 7f\]; ;}lgs sf/jfxL / ljBdfg c4{--;}lgs ;d\"xnfO{ kl/rfng gug\]{ k\|lqmofn\] dflg; dfg\]{ / ckx/0f ug\]{ h:tf sfo{df sdL Nofpg d2t k\'Uof\] . sf\]nlDaofn\] klg ljutdf l3gnfUbf\] ck/fw ug\]{ ck/fwLx¿nfO{ 5gf\]6 ug\]{ rf/jif\]{ k\|lqmofsf\] yfngL u¥of\] . t/ klg klxn\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] pNn‹g u/\]sf clwsf/Lx¿sf ;fy} ;}lgs ;\]jfleqsf ljutdf cw{ ;}Go b:tfdf cfa4 /x\]sf s\]xL lglZrt ;}Go clwsf/Lx¿dflysf\] b08xLgtf d\'Vo afwssf\] ?kdf /x\\of\] .

#### **rf}yf\], hxfF gful/s ;dfh / :jtGq ;\~rf/ dfWodx¿dfly lgoGq0f x\'G5 ToxfF cleJolQm, ;+ul7t x\'g / e\]nf x\'g kfpg\] h:tf cfwf/e\"t :jtGqtfx¿nfO{ s\'lG7t ul/Psf\] x\'G5 .** Pp6f alnof\] gful/s ;dfh / Pp6f :jtGq ;\~rf/ dfWodn\] cfdgful/sdf pgLx¿sf\] clwsf/sf af/\]df ;r\]t agfP/, b\'Jo{jxf/nfO{ aflx/ NofP/, ;\'wf/sf nflu bafa lbP/ / ;/sf/nfO{ pQ/bfoL agfP/ o:tf\] cj:yfsf\] lgdf{0fdf ;xof\]u k\'¥ofpF5g\\ . dfgj clwsf/ kmi6fpg\] cfwf/ oxL xf\] . 

#### ;\~rf/ dfWod / gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿n\] cfwf/e\"t :jtGqtfsf\] zflGtk\"0f{ cEof; ubf{ pgLx¿sf\] egfO / sfdk\|lt ;/sf/ c;xdt g} ePklg ;/sf/n\] To;nfO{ ;+/If0f lbg\'k5{, b\'Jo{jxf/ ug\'{x\'Fb}g . sfg\"gsf\] cf8df nufpg\] aGb\]h klg xb;Dd dfq :jLsfo{ x\'g ;S5 hxfF;Dd b\]zn\] jrga4tf hgfPsf\] dfgj clwsf/sf dfGotfnfO{ c;/ kb}{g. gful/s clwsf/ s\'l07t t\'Nofpg\] lgx\'F dfq rflxF aGb\]hsf sf/0f x\'g ;Sb}gg\\ 

#### 

####  ha /fHon\] sfg\'gnfO{ /fhgLlts xltof/sf\] ?kdf cyjf gful/s ;dfh / ;\~rf/ dfWodnfO{ bdg ug\]{ ;fwgsf ?kdf k\|of\]u u5{ To;a\]nf pgLx¿n\] ljlwsf\] zf;g ckgfpg\'sf\] ;f6f\] zf;gsf\] ljlw k\|of\]u ul//x\]sf x\'G5g\\ . ljlwsf\] zf;gn\] /fHosf\] zlQmdfly lgu\|x u/\]sf\] x\'G5 cyf{t\\ of\] Pp6f o:tf\] k\|0ffnL xf\] h\'g JolQmsf\] dfgj clwsf/nfO{ /fHosf\] zlQmaf6 hf\]ufO/fVg tof/ ul/Psf\] x\'G5 . o; ljk/Lt cj:yfdf sfg\'g b\'?kof\]u x\'g ;S5 . cyf{t\\ sfg\'g / Goflos k\|0ffnLnfO{ zfl;tdfly zf;ssf\] zlQm nfb\\g pkof\]u ul/Psf\] x\'G5 . 

#### ;g\\ @))% df w\]/} b\]zn\] sfg\'gsf\] k\|of\]u 5fgL--5fgLsg ;\~rf/ dfWod / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿lj?4 k\|of\]u u/\]sf\] kfOof\] . sDaf\]l8of ;/sf/n\] ToxfF ufnL a\]OHhtL sfg\'gnfO{ cfnf\]rs / ljkIfLx¿nfO{ wDsfpg\], kqmfp ug\]{ / b08 lbg\] h:tf sfddf k\|of\]u u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

#### 

#### rLgn\] ;\~rf/ dfWod / OG6/g\]6dflysf\] k\|ltaGwnfO{ a9fof\], b\'O6f lu/km\\tf/L ;fj{hlgs g} eP . 

#### 

#### lhDjfa\]sf\] ;/sf/n\] /fi6«klt d\'ufa\]sf\] h;n\] cfnf\]rgf u5{ tL JolQmx¿nfO{ kqmfp u¥of\], b\'Mv lbof\] / lagfs;\'/ kqsf/x¿nfO{ y\'gfdf /fVof\] . Pp6f :jtGq ;\~rf/ dfWodnfO{ aGb ul/lbof\], zlQmsf\] k\|of\]u u/L k\|bz{gsf/Lx¿nfO{ bafof\] / ljkIfL g\]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ kqmfp u/L y\'gfdf /fVof\] .

#### e\]g\]h\'onfdf em\'7f\] cf/f\]k, dfgxflg / k\|;f/0f ;\~rf/ dfWodsf ljifoj:t\';Fu ;DalGwt gofF sfg\'gx¿dfkm{t ToxfFsf\] ;\~rf/ dfWodx¿nfO{ sfg\'gL tyf ef}lts ?kdf wDsfpg\] ul/gfn\] ;\~rf/ :jtGqtf ;+s\'lrt x\'g\'sf ;fy} ;\~rf/ dfWodx¿ cfTdlgolGqt x\'g k\'u\]sf 5g\\ . ;fy} ToxfF ;/sf/L k\|ltlglwx¿ / ;/sf/sf ;dy{sx¿n\] ljkIfL /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{, dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / cGo gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ wDsfpg\] tyf r\]tfjgL lbg\] u/\]sf ;dfrf/x¿ klg ;fj{hlgs ePsf lyP . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n\] t ;/sf/n\] ljkIfL /fhgLlt1x¿nfO{ cl3 a9g\\ glbg Goflos k\|0ffnLnfO{ klg k\|of\]u u/\]sf\] cleof\]u nufPsf 5g\\ . 

#### a\]nf?;df n\'sfl;oGsf\] ;/sf/n\] ljkIfL ;d\"xnfO{ bafpg\] / gful/s ;dfhdfly gofF k\|ltaGw yf\]kg\]{ sfo{df lrGtf lnof\] . ToxfF /fhgLlts k\"jf{u\|xsf cfwf/df lu/km\\tf/ ug\]{ sfd ePsf lyP . y\'k\|} :jtGq ;dfrf/kqx¿ aGb ul/Psf lyP / cGo cvaf/x¿sf\] ;\~rfngdf afwf k\'¥ofOPsf\] lyof\] eg\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ bjfOPsf\] lyof\] . 

#### ?;df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿dfly k\|ltaGw nufpg\] sfg\'gnfO{ ToxfFsf\] ljwflosfn\] kfl/t u/\]kl5 u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfof{nox¿df 5fkf dfg\]{, btf{ ug{ cK7\\of/f\] kfg\]{ , u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf cu\'jfx¿ / sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ wDsfpg\], u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdf sfo{/t ljb\]zL sfdbf/x¿nfO{ k\|j\]zf1f kfpgdf ;d:of ylklbg\]cflb gsf/fTds k\|efj k/\]sf\] lyof\] . qm\]dlngn\] ;\~rf/ dfWodx¿df cfnf\]rgfTds ljrf/x¿nfO{ sd k\|;f/0f u/fpg\] sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] k\|zf/0f ;\~rf/ dfWod ljz\]ifu/L 6\]lnlehg h\'g ?;sf afl;Gbfx¿sf\] ;dfrf/sf\] d\'Vo ;\|f\]tsf ?kdf /x\]sf\] 5 To;sf\] ljljwtfdf s6f}tL ug{k\'Uof\] . ;g\\ @))% sf\] cGTo;Dddf b\]zJofkL kx\'Fr ePsf ;a} :jtGq 6\]lnlehg s\]Gb\|x¿ ls t /fHon\] jf /fHosf\] glhs /x\]sf ;+:yfx¿n\] lnO;s\]sf lyP . 

#### 

#### 

#### **kfFrf}+, k\|hftflGqs lgjf{rgx¿ cfkm}n\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg ub{5g\\ eGg\] xf\]Og t/ To:tf lgjf{rgx¿n\] b\]znfO{ ;\'wf/sf\] af6f\]df nUg\] / dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f sfo{x¿nfO{ ;+:yfut eg\] ug\]{5g\\ .** cflv/ k\|hftflGqs lgjf{rgx¿ eg\]sf\] k\|hftflGqs/0fsf\] nfdf\] ofqfsf nflu sf\];\]9\'Ëf x\'g\\ . o:tf lgjf{rgx¿ pQ/bfoL ;/sf/ / ;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf\] :yfkgfsf nflu cfjZos x\'G5g\\ h;n\] ljlwsf\] zf;gnfO{ :yfkgf u5{g\\ / gful/ssf cfjZostfk\|lt ;+j\]bgzLn /xG5g\\ . 

#### O/fsdf ;g\\ @))% sf\] jif{ k\|hftGq, k\|hftflGqs clwsf/x¿ / :jtGqtfsf nflu dxTjk\"0f{ k\|ultsf\] jif{ eof\] . ToxfF u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / cGo gful/s ;dfhsf ;+u7gx¿sf\] b\|\'tultdf ljsf; eof\] h;n\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] k\|j4{g u5{g\\ . hgj/L #) df ePsf\] ;+;bLo lgjf{rg b\]zdf dfgj clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf\] ;+/If0f sfo{nfO{ alnof\] agfpg\] sfddf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿nfO{ cufl8 Nofpg dxTjk\"0f{ aGg k\'Uof\] . h\'g b\]zsf\] Oltxf; s\]xL ;do cl3;Dd dfgj clwsf/sf\] xgg ug\]{ d\'n\'ssf\] ?kdf s+nlÍt lyof\] . cS6f\]a/ !% sf\] hgdt;+u\|x / l8;\]Da/ !% sf\] dtbfgåf/f O/fsL dtbftfx¿n\] :yfoL ;+ljwfg, / d\'n\'ssf\] gofF Joj:yflksf kfP . lgjf{lrt ;b:ox¿ kfP . o:tf k\|hftflGqs lgsfox¿sf\] ;\'b\[9Ls/0fn\] k\|hftflGqs eljiosf nflu cfjZos vfsf k\|bfg ug{ ;Sg\]5 . t/ P\]ltxfl;s lgjf{rg / k\|hftflGqs ;/sf/sf gofF lgsfox¿n\] jf:tljs ;\'wf/sf nflu Pp6f ;+/rgf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] eP tfklg gful/s hLjg / ;fdflhs ;+/rgf eg\] ljb\|f\]xL / cftÍsf/L tTjx¿af6 nflbPsf\] lx+;fsf sf/0f cem} cToGt} tgfjdf /x\]sf 5 . 

#### ;fDk\|bflos k\|lt:b4f{df nfu\]sf dflg;sf\] ultljlw / ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] ;/sf/L clwsf/Lsf\] cb\]zsf\] ck\]Iff ub}{ cfk\"mv\';L sfd u/\]sf 36gf klg eP . clxn\] klg ToxfFsf\] ;/sf/n\] /fhgLlts clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfgdf cfwfl/t /x\]sf sfg\'gL tyf lgjf{rg;DaGwL cEof;nfO{ :yfkgf ug\]{ k\|of; ul//x\]sf\] 5 .

####  ckmuflg:tfgdf, nfdf\] ;do;Dd cfwf/e\"t dfgjclwsf/af6 jl\~rt ckmufgL htfgnfO{ ;g\\ @))% df klg :jtGqtf / dfgj clwsf/sf\] ;Ddfg x\'g\] vfnsf\] eljio lgdf{0fsf nflu rflxg\] ;fx; / k\|lta4tfpknAw eO;Sof\] . ;\]K6\]Da/ !\* df em08} tLg bzskl5 klxnf\] k6s ;+;bLo lgjf{rg ;DkGg eof\] . dlxnfx¿n\] klg pT;fxk\"j{s dtbfg u/\] h;df %\*@ dlxnf pDd\]bjf/x¿ /x\]sf lyP . ToxfFsf\] ;+ljwfg @))\$ n\] tNnf\] ;bgsf nfluu/\]sf\] dlxnf cf/If0fsf\] Joj:yf cg\'?k \^\* hgf dlxnf lgjf{lrt ePsf lyP . \^\* hgf dWo\] !& dlxnfx¿ s\'g} cf/If0f lagf g} lgjf{lrt x\'g;Sg\] cj:yf lyP . dflyNnf\] ;bgdf /fi6«kltaf6 dgf\]gLt x\'g\] #\$ :yfgdWo\] !& 6fpF dlxnfsf nflu cf/lIft x\'g\] Joa:yf 5 . To;df k\|fGtLo kl/ifb\\n\] % dlxnf r\'g\] s\'n dlxnf ;+Vof @@ eof\]. ;\]K6\]Da/ !\* sf\] ;+;bLo lgjf{rg tTsfnLg ;/sf/sf\] lj/f\]w x\'Fb}df ePsf\] lyof\] .lg/Gt/sf\] c;\'/Iff / lxD;fTds lj/f\]wsf\] l;nl;nf sfod /xgfn\] s\]Gb\|Lo ;/sf/n\] k\|fGtLo Onfsfx?df cfk\\mgf\] pkl:ylt Jofks t\'Nofpg ;s\]sf\] lyPg. To:tf\] k\[i7e\"lddf r\'gfj ;\~rfng ug\'{ rfgr\'g\] r\'gf}tL xf\]Og. 

o\'qm\]gdf, ToxfFsf\] ;\'Gtnf qmflGt -c/\]Gh l/ef\]n\';g_sf sf/0f dfgj
clwsf/sf\] If\]qdf pNn\]Vo ?kdf ;\'wf/ eof\] . hgtfsf\] rfxgfnfO{
k\|ljlDat ug\]{ gofF ;/sf/sf\] lgjf{rgn\] of\] s\'/f\] ;Dej ePsf\]
lyof\] . ;g\\ @))% df k\|x/L clwsf/Lx¿df lhDd\]bf/Lsf\] efjgf j\[l4
ePsf\] lyof\] / cfd ;\~rf/ dfWodx¿n\] :jtGqtf k\|fKt ug{ ;kmn eP . e\]nf
x\'g kfpg\] :jtGqtf dflysf\] x:tIf\]k aGb eof\] / ;+ul7t x\'g kfpg\]
qmdsf w\]/}h;f\] k\|ltaGw x6fOP . ljleGg k\|sf/sf cfGtl/s tyf
cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/afbL ;d\"xx¿ ;/sf/L x:tIf\]k lagf g} ;\~rfng eP .

O08f\]g\]l;of, ljZjs} O:nfd wdf{nDaLx¿sf\] afx\'Notf ePsf\] d\'n\'s xf\]
. ToxfF k\|hftflGqs k\|0ffnLsf\] ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf pNn\]Vo k\|ult eof\] .
nuftf/ ePsf \>\[Înfa4 P\]ltxfl;s :yfgLo lgjf{rgsf dfWodaf6
O08f\]g\]l;ofaf;Ln\] klxnf\] k6s pgLx¿n\] cfkm\\gf g\]tfx¿nfO{ gu/ /
k\|fGtLo :t/df l;w} 5gf\]6 u/\] . ToxfF dfgj clwsf/sf\] cj:yfdf ;\'wf/
cfof\] oBlk ;d:ofx¿ afFsL 5g\\ / uDeL/ pNn+3g sfod 5g\\ . bzsf}+ nfdf\]
;z:q åGå cGTo ug\]{ ljifodf cu:6 !% df ePsf\] ...lk\|m cfr\]
d\'ed\]G6Ú;Fusf\] dxTjk\"0f{ zlfGt ;Demf}tf Pp6f b\"/ufdL 36gf ljsf;
lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] kfk\'og lkk\'N; P;\]DanLsf\] pb\\3f6g u/\]/ ;g\\ @))!
df th\'{df ul/Psf\] :jfoQtf;DaGwL ljz\]if sfg\'gsf\] kfngf ug\]{tkm{
csf\]{ sbd rfn\]sf\] lyof\] . n\]agfgdf @( jif{b\]lvsf\] l;l/ofsf\]
;}lgs pkl:ylt ;dfKt eof\] / Tof\] b\]z k\]ml/ ;+k\|e\' aGof\] . ;+;bLo
lgjf{rg eof\] . t}klg l;l/ofsf\] k\|efj Pp6f ;d:of eOg} /x\]sf\] 5.

nfOa\]l/of lx+;fTds clttnfO{ 5f8\]/ cGt/f{li6«o k\|hftflGqs kl/j\]zdf
k\|j\]z u¥of\] . b\]z :jtGq / k\|hftflGqs eljiok\|lt pGd\'v ePsf\] 5 .
gf\]e\]Da/ @# df Olnog hf\]G;g l;/lnkmn\] ToxfFsf\] ax\'bnLo
k\|lt:k4f{df cfwfl/t /fi6«klt kbsf nflu ePsf\] lgjf{rgdf clk\|msfs}
klxnf\] dlxnf /fi6«k\|d\'vsf ?kdf lgjf{lrt eP/ b\]znfO{ u\[xo\'4af6
k\|hftflGqs af6f\]df n}hfg\' eof\] . cGtl/d ;/sf/n\] klg cfdgful/ssf\]
dfgj clwsf/sf\] cfb/ u/\]sf\] / dfgj clwsf/nfO{ ;\'b\[9 agfpg sfg\'g
lgdf{0f u/\]sf\] kfOof\] . t}klg k\|x/Laf6 x\'g\] b\'Jo{axf/, ;/sf/L
:t/df x\'g\] e\|i6frf/ / !\$ jif{ nfdf\] u\[xo\'4sf\] k\|efj tyf Wj:t
k\"jf{wf/sf ;fy} km}nFbf\] u/LaL / a\]/f\]huf/L nufotsf cGo ;d:ofx¿ eg\]
sfod} /x\] .

**5}6f}+, k\|hftflGqs ;\'wf/ / dfgj clwsf/sf\] If\]qdf x\'g\'kg\]{
k\|ult g t /\]vfTds ?kdf Jojl:yt 5 g t k\"0f{ ;\'lglZrt g} .** s\]xL
b\]zx¿ cem} klg k\|hftflGqs ;/sf/sf ;+/rgfx¿ sDfhf\]/ /x\]sf 5g\\ eg\]
cGo s\]xLn\] k\|hftflGqs ;+:yfx? Sdhf\]/ cj:yfd} 5g\\, ltgnfO{ alnof\]
kfg\]{ k\|oTg rfn\" 5. sltko b\]zn\] k\|hftflGqs k4ltk\|lt k\"0f{
k\|lta4tf hgfpg g} afFsL 5 . k\|lqmof clgoldt eP kl5 cu\|ufdL sbd
layf\]lng\' :jfefljs xf\] . ljrngsf uDeL/ dfldnfx? b\]vfkg{ ;S5g\\ .
k\|hftflGqs tl/sfn\] lgjf{rg e} ;Qfdf k\'u\]sf ;/sf/n\] ;w}+ k\|hftflGqs
dfGotf /fv\]/ sfd u5{g\\ eGg\] e/f\];f klg 5}g. ;g\\ @))% df sltko
k\|hftflGqs b\]zx?sf\] sfo{ k\|ult ldl\>t b\]lvof\]. S\'g} s\'g}
dfldnfdf l;w} k\|ltudgsf\] cj:yf klg cfof\].

lslu{h u0ftGqfdf dfr{ / h\'nfO{sf\] aLrdf g\]t\[Tjdf ePsf\] kl/jt{gkl5
dfgj clwsf/sf If\]qdf pNn\]Vo ?kdf ;\'wf/ cfPsf\] 5 oBlk ;d:ofx¿ afFsL
g} 5g\\ . r\'gfjdf wfFwnL ePsf\] lj/f\]wdf ljkIfL k\|bz{gsf/Lx¿n\]
/fhwfgLdf /x\]sf\] d\'Vo ;/sf/L ejgdf sAhf hdfPkl5 /fi6«klt csfPe b\]z
5f8\]/ aflxl/g\'eof\] . h\'nfO{df /fi6«klt kbsf nflu / gf\]e\]Da/df
;+;b\\sf nflu ePsf\] lgjf{rgdf ljutsf\] lgjf{rgsf t\'ngfdf s\]xL ;\'wf/
b\]lvP . t/ kl5 ;+j}wflgs ;\'wf/sf qmd /f\]lsP, / e\|i6frf/ cem} uDeL/
;d:ofsf\] ?kdf 5 .

OSj\]8/df 7\"nf\] hgk\|bz{g x\'gfn\] / ToxfFsf\] ;}lgs tyf k\|x/L
g\]t\[Tjn\] cfkm\\gf\] ;dy{g /f\]lsgfn\] ;+;b\\n\] lgjf{lrt /fi6«klt
n\'l;of\] u\'6\]l/hnfO{ x6fof\] . clk\|nsf\] Tof\] 36gfdf pk/fi6«klt
cnlk\|m8f\] kfnfl;of\]n\] u\'6\]l/hsf\] pQ/flwsf/ ;DxfNg\'eof\] / ;g\\
@))\^ df lgjf{rg x\'g\] to ePsf\] 5 .

k\|hftflGqs u0ftGq s+uf\]sf\] cGtl/d ;/sf/n\] /fli6«o cfdlgjf{rgnfO{
;g\\ @))\^ ;Ddsf nflu :yflut u/\] klg b\]zn\] \$) jif{ kl5 klxnf\] k6s
k\|hftflGqs z}nLsf\] dtbfg u/fof\] . hgdt ;+u\|xdf ax\'dtn\] gofF
;lDawfgnfO{ :jLsf/ u/\] .

h\'g dlxgfdf o\'ufG8fsf\] ;+;b\\n\] ToxfFsf /fi6«klt d\';Le\]gLnfO{
t\];\|f\] k6s klg /fi6«klt aGgsf nflu af6f\] v\'Nnf ug\]{ p2\]Zon\]
sltk6s;Dd /fi6«klt x\'g kfpg\] eGg\] aGb\]h x6fpg Pp6f ljjfbf:kb
;+zf\]wgnfO{ :jLs\[lt lbof\] . otf gful/sx¿n\] ax\'bnLo k\|lt:k4f{df
cfwfl/t /x\]/ ;/sf/ u7g ug\]{ kIfdf hgdt;+u\|xdf dtbfg u/\] / ;+;b\\n\]
ljkIfL kf6L{sf\] lgjf{rg / ;/sf/df ;xeflut x\'g\] s\'/fnfO{ ;dfj\]z
u/\]/ lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfg\'gdf ;+zf\]wg u¥of\] .

OlhK6 ;/sf/n\] ;+ljwfg x\]/km\]/ u/\]/ ;\]K6\]Da/df b\]zdf klxnf\] k6s
ax\'bnLo k\|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t /fi6«ktLo lgjf{rg u/fof\] . bz /fhgLlts
bnx¿n\] pDd\]bjf/L btf{ u/\] ;fy} r\'gfj k\|rf/k\|;f/sf\] cjlwe/ ljleGg
;fj{hlgs ax; / 5nkmnsf ;fy} Jofks dfqfdf /fhgLlts r\]tgf j\[l4 eof\] .
t}klg dtbfg yf\]/}n\] u/\] . dtbfgsf a\]nf Jofks wfFwnL ePsf\] e/kbf\]{
hfgfsf/L cfPsf\] lyof\] . /fi6«kltsf\] kbsf nflu bf\];\|f\] :yfg xfl;n
u/\]sf ofdfg g\'/ h;sf\] ;+;bLo zlQm hgj/L dlxgfdf ;dfKt ePsf\] lyof\]
pgnfO{ 5 dlxgfsf\] 5fgljg -h\'g cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg\';f/sf\] lyPg\_
kl5 l8;\]Da/ dlxgfdf sLt\]{ u/\]sf\] cleof\]udf kfFr jif{sf\] sf/fjf;
;hfo ;\'gfOPsf\] lyof\] . gf\]e\]Da/ / l8;\]Da/sf\] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf
k\|ltjlGwt d\'l:nd a\|b/x\"8 ;dy{s pDd\]bjf/n\] k\|z:t pknAlw xfl;n
u/\]sf\] b\]lvof\] . oL lgjf{rgx¿ ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] u/\]sf\] cTolws
zlQmsf\] k\|of\]uaf6 sd dtbfg x\'\'g\' / dt sAhf ug\]{ h:tf s\'/faf6
s+nlst ag\] . ;/sf/n\] /fi6«klt kbsf nflu / ;+;b\\sf nflu ePsf b\'a}
lgjf{rgfdf cGt/f{li6«o ko{j\]Ifsx¿ /fVg\] s\'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ u¥of\] .
OlhK6sf\] ;+;b\\åf/f :yflkt dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL /fli6«o kl/ifb\\ - g\]zgn
sfplG;n km/ x\\o\'dg /fO6\\; \_ n\] cfkm\\gf\] klxnf\] k\|ltj\]bg
;fj{hlgs ub}{ ;/sf/åf/f ePsf b\'Jo{axf/nfO{ ;fj{hlgs u¥of\] .

d\] dlxgfdf ePsf\] Oyf\]of\]lkofsf\] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf cGt/f{li6«o
ko{j\]Ifsx¿n\] y\'k\|} dfqfdf ePsf clgoldttf / dtbftfnfO{ wDsfpg\] sfd
ePsf\] b\]v\]sf lyP . lgjf{rgsf\] lj/f\]w ug\]{ lgs} w\]/} k\|bz{gsf/Lx¿
;\'/IffsdL{åf/f dfl/P . ;/sf/n\] ljkIfL sfo{stf{, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf
k\|ltlglwx¿, cNk;+Vos cflbjf;L / ;\~rf/ dfWodsf k\|ltlglwx¿nfO{ y\'Gg\],
lk6\\g\] / dfg\]{ h:tf sfd u¥of\] .

ch/a}hfgdf gf\]e\]Da/ dlxgfdf ePsf\] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf s\]xL If\]qdf
;\'wf/ eP klg cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08x¿ k\"/f ug{ x\'g ;s\]g . :yfgLo
clwsf/Lx¿n\] r\'gfj k\|rf/k\|;f/df x:tIf\]k u/\]sf\] / /fHo ;\|f\]tsf\]
b\"?kof\]u u/\]sf\], e\]nf x\'gsfnflu ;Lldt :jtGqtf lbOPsf\],
h\'n\';x¿nfO{ afwf k\'¥ofpg k\|x/Låf/f Jofks zlQmsf\] b\"?kof\]u
u/\]sf\] / dtu0fgf tyf dttflnsf lgdf{0fdf Jofks wfFwnL ePsf ljifodf
y\'k\|} e/kbf{ ;\"rgfx¿ ;fj{hlgs ePsf lyP . lgjf{rg k\|lqmofdf ePsf
sdL--sdhf\]/LnfO{ ;Daf\]wg ug{ lgjf{rgkl5sf\] cj:yfdf ul/g\] sf/jfxL
k\|lqmof cGtu{t clxn\];Dd ePsf sf/jfxLx¿n\] To; a\]nf ePsf
sdLsDhf\]/LnfO{ k\"0f{?kdf ;Daf\]wg ug{ ;s\]sf\] 5}g .

shfv:yfgdf l8;\]Da/ dlxgfdf ePsf\] /fi6«klt kbsf\] lgjf{rgcufl8sf\]
cj:yfdf ;\'wf/x¿ b\]lvof\] t/ ;du\|df o;n\] :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rg;DaGwL
cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 k\"/f ug{ eg\] ;s\]g . o\'/f\]k\]nL k\|hftflGqs
;+:yfx¿ / dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt sfof{nosf\] ;\'/Iff / ;dGjo;DaGwL
;+u7g - cu{gfOh\]zg km/ ;\]So\'l/6L P08 sf\]ck/\]zg Og o\'/f\]K; clkm;
ckm 8\]df\]qm\]l6s OlGi6Ro\'zg; P08 Xo\'dg /fO6\\;\_ n\] /fi6«kltsf\]
s\]xL lglirt cfnf\]rgf ug{ kfpg\] vfnsf /fhgLlts efif0fx¿dflysf\]
k\|ltjGw, ljkIfL / :jtGq pDd\]bjf/x¿sf nflu ;\~rf/ dfWod;Ddsf\]
c;Gt\'lnt kx\'Fr / ljkIfLx¿sf\] lgjf{rg k\|rf/k\|;f/ cleofgdf lx+;fTds
cj/f\]wh:tf uDeL/ sdhf\]/Lx¿ kfPsf\] lyof\] . ;g\\ @))% df kfl/t /fli6«o
;\'/Iff / lgjf{rg sfg\'gdf ePsf\] ;+zf\]wgn\] ljz\]if u/L sfg\'gL
cltjfbLtfn\] dfgj clwsf/sf nflu sfg\'gL ;+/If0fnfO{ cGTo ug\'{sf ;fy}
To;n\] sfo{sf/L lgsfosf\] gful/s ;dfh / ;\~rf/ dfWodfnfO{ Joal:yt /
lgoGq0f ug\]{ zlQmnfO{ lj:tf/ u¥of\] . t/ ;+j}wflgs cbfntn\] u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿dfly k\|ltjGw nufpg\] c;+j}wflgs sfg\'gnfO{ vf/\]h ul/lbof\] .

ljutdf g} sdhf\]/ cj:yfdf /x\]sf\] pHj\]ls:tfgsf\] dfgjclwsf/sf\] l:ylt
;g\\ @))% df emg\\ vl:sof\] . Pl08hf\]g zx/df d\] dlxgfdf ePsf\]
lx+;fTds k\|bz{gn\] ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ Jofks zlQm k\|of\]u ug\]{tkm{
cu\|;/ u/fof\] / ;/sf/sf\] bdgsf/L ultljlwn\] ;f\] jif{sf\] afFsL cjlwe/
g} k\|\>o kfof\] . ;f\] lx+;fTds k\|bz{g O:nflds cltjfbLsf\] cf/f\]kdf
sfg\'gL cg\';Gwfgdf /x\]sf Ps Jofkfl/ssf\] ;dy{gdf km\]a\'\|c/L / d\]
dlxgfdf ePsf b}lgs zlGtk\"0f{ k\|bz{g kl5 z\'¿ ePsf\] lyof\] . d\]
dlxgfsf\] !@--!# tfl/v aLrsf\] /flt c1ft JolQmx¿n\] k\|x/L u0faf6 xltof/
hkmt u/L lgh cleo\'Qm ;d\]t ePsf\] gu/ sf/fuf/df xdnf u/L w\]/} ;\'/Iff
sdL{nfO{ dfg\'{sf ;fy} tL cleo\'Qm Jofkf/L ;lxt ;of}+ jGbLx¿nfO{ d\'Qm
u/\] . ;fy} pgLx¿n\] If\]qLo k\|zf;lgs ejgnfO{ sAhf u/L s\]xLnfO{ aGbL
agfP . k\|ToIfbzL{x¿sf\] egfO cg\';f/ d\] !# sf lbg lgMz:q gful/sx¿;d\]t
ePsf\] Pp6f eL8df ;/sf/L ;}lgsx¿n\] hyfefjL uf\]nL rnfP h;af6 ;of}+sf\]
d\[To\'eof\] . To;kl5sf lbgdf ;/sf/n\] bh{gf}+ dfgjclwsf/jfbL, kqsf/x¿,
/ cGo h;n\] ;f\] 36gfsf af/\]df af\]n\] pgLx¿nfO{ s\'6\\g\], t;f{pg\]
tyf h\]ndf xNg\] sfd u¥of\] .;fy} cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08cg\'?k g;\'xfpg\]
u/L w\]/} dflg;nfO{ sfg\'gL cg\';Gwfgsf nflu eg\]/ y\'gfdf k7fOof\] .
;fy} ;/sf/n\] y\'k\|} 3/\]n\' tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ jGb
ug{ bafa lbof\] / h;nfO{ sfd ug{ 5\'6 lbOof\] pgLx¿nfO{ klg uDeL
aGb\]hdf kfl/of\] .

?;df, qm\]dlngdf zlQm s\]Gb\|Lt ug\]{ / dflyaf6 tn lgb\]{lzt x\'g\]
vfnsf\] k\|hftflGqs k\|of;n\] lg/Gt/tf kfof\] . o;sf ;fy} qm\]dlngn\]
ueg{/sf\] k\|ToIf lgjf{rgnfO} cGTo u/\]/ tL kbdf /fi6«kltsf\]
dgf\]gognfO{ dfGotf lbof\] . clxn\]sf\] ?;L ;Gbe{df ;Gt\'ng / lgoGq0f
-r\]s PG8 Aofn\]G;\_ k\|lqmofx¿ sdhf\]/ x\'Fb}5g\\ . o; k\|sf/sf\]
k\|0ffnLn\] cfkm\\gf dtbftfx¿k\|ltsf\] ;/sf/sf\] pQ/bfloTjnfO{ ;Lldt
ug\'{sf ;fy} sfo{sf/L lgsfodf yk zlQm s\]lGb\|t u5{ . lgjf{rg / /fhgLlts
bn;DaGwL sfg\'gdf ;+zf\]wg ug\]{ ljifodf ePsf\] ;+zf\]wg k\|:tfj
bL3{sfnLg ?kdf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿nfO{ /fi6«JofkL ?kdf ;\'b\[9 agfpg\]tkm{
kl/nlIft eP klg j:tfjdf To;n\] ljkIfLbnx¿sf\] lgjf{rgdf k\|lt:k4f{ ug\]{
zlQmnfO{ sd ug{;S5 . of\] k\|j\[lQ ;\~rf/ dfWoddflysf\] lg/Gt/ k\|ltaGw,
ljjflbt ;+;b\\, e\|i6frf/ / sfg\'g sfof{Gjogdf kIfkft, Goflos k\|0ffnLdf
/fhgLlts bafa / s\]xL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿dflysf\] bdg;Fu} b\]vf k/\]sf\]
xf\] . o;n\] ;/sf/L g\]t\[Tj ju{sf\] cfkm\\gf hgtfk\|ltsf\] pQ/bfloTjdf
cfPsf\] lu/fj6nfO{ b\]vfpF5 .

kfls:tfgL /fi6«klt d\'z/{kmsf\] k\|hftflGqs ;+qmd0f / ......k\|ultzLn
lgoGq0fÚÚ k\|ltsf\] k\|lta4tfsf\] afah\"b ToxfFsf\] dfgj clwsf/sf\]
l:ylt qmlds?kdf sdhf\]/ /xg uof\] . :jtGq 3\'dlkm/ ug{ kfpg\] , cleJolQm
:jtGqtf, ;+ul7t x\'g kfpg\] / wfld{s :jtGqtfdflysf\] aGb\]h sfod}
/x\\of\] . k\|hftflGqs k\|lqmoftkm{sf\] k\|ult sd 5 . ;g\\ @))% df
:yfgLo ;/sf/sf nflu ePsf\] lgjf{rgdf cfGtl/s / cGt/f{li6«o
ko{j\]Ifsx¿n\] bnx¿af6 x:tIf\]k ePsf\] nufotsf uDeL/ vfn\] sdhf\]/Lx¿
ePsf\] km\]nf kf/\]sf lyP h;af6 b\]zsf ljleGg efudf ePsf dtbfgsf
pknlAwnfO{ c;/ kf/\]sf\] lyof\] . a\]glh/ e\'6f\]sf klt cl;km cnL hbf{/L
kfls:tfgdf cfof\]hg x\'g\] lj/f\]w ¥ofnLdf efu lng cfpg\' cl3 clk\|n
dlxgfdf k\|x/Ln\] kfls:tfgL lkk\'N; kf6L{sf em08} !) xhf/ sfo{stf{x¿nfO{
kqmfp u/L y\'gfdf /fv\]sf\] lyof\] . ;\'/Iff kmf}haf6 u}/Goflos xTof,
sfg\'gL k\|lqmofsf\] pnª\\3g, hyfefjL lu/km\\tf/ ug\]{ / oftgf lbg\]
h:tf sfd ePsf lyP . k\"/} ;/sf/L ;+/rgf / k\|x/L ;+u7g leq e\|i6frf/
km}lnPsf\] / of\] ;d:of;Fu h\'Wg ;/sf/n\] vf;} k\|of; u/\]g . ;\'/Iff
kmf}hsf clwsf/Lx¿ h;n\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] pNn‹g u/\]sf lyP pgLx¿n\]
jf:tjd} sfg\'gL b08xLgtfsf\] kmfObf p7fPsf lyP .

lgs} sl7g jf:tljstf / pRr Joawfgx¿sf aLr klg ljZjJofkL ?kdf Jofks dfqfdf
JolQmut / /fhgLlts :jtGqtfsf\] dfu / k\|hftflGqs l;4fGtx¿sf\] lj:tf/sf\]
dfu al9/x\]sf\] 5 . pbfx/0fsfnflu, xfn}sf jif{x¿df dWok\"jL{ / pQ/
clk\|msL d\'n\'sx¿df b\]vfk/\]sf /fhgLlts ax\'nafb, lgjf{rg , cNk;+Vos
tyf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;+/If0fsf\] Joj:yf / clbjf;L ;d\'bfox¿af6 zflGtk\"0f{
k\|hftflGqs kl/jt{sf nflu cfXjfg x\'g h:tf s\'/fx¿ b\]vf kg\'{nfO{ lng
;lsG5 .

;g\\ @))% sf\] gf\]e\]Da/df ax/fOgsf\] dfgfdf zx/df eljiosf nflu d\~r
-kmf\]/d km/ lkmpr/\_ cfof\]hgf ePsf\] lyof\] . To;df dWok\"j{ tyf pQ/L
clk\|msf If\]qsf gful/s ;dfh;Fu cfj4 ;+:yfsf k\|ltlglw / !\^ d\'n\'ssf
ljb\]zdGqLx¿ ;lxt \$) hgfsf\] ;xeflutf /x\]sf\] lyof\] . gful/s ;dfhsf
k\|ltlglwx¿n\] ljlwsf\] zf;g, kf/bzL{tf, dfgj clwsf/ / dlxnf ;zlQms/0f
h:tf s\'/fnfO{ ljz\]if ?kdf s\]lGb\|t u/L s\]xL k\|fyldstfsf If\]qx¿nfO{
cufl8 NofPsf lyP . ToxfFsf gful/s ;dfh;Fu cfa4dWo\] k\|hftflGqs
;xof\]usfnflu ;+jfb - 8\]df\]qm\];L Pl;:6\]G; 8fOnu\\\_sf k\|ltlglwx¿
klg lyP pgLx¿n\] lgjf{rg k\|lqmofdf ;\'wf/ / j}wflgs /fhgLlts
kf6L{x¿sf\] ljsf; cflbsf ljifodf gful/s ;dfhsf cu\'jfx¿ / pgLx¿sf b\]zsf
;/sf/L ;dsIfLx¿;Fu jif{el/ ePsf 5nkmn pknlAwaf/\] k\|:t\'lt lbPsf lyP .
8\]df\]qm\];L Pl;:6\]G; 8fOnusf\] a9\\bf\] ;\~hfn cGtu{t dWok\"j{ / pQ/L
clk\|msL d\'n\'ssf gful/s ;dfh;Fu cfj4 ;of}+ cu\'jfx¿ ;d\]l6Psf 5g\\ .
To; If\]qdf a9\\b} uPsf\] ;\'wf/ k\|of;nfO{ yk ;xof\]u k\'¥ofpg / l;w}
gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;xof\]u pknAw u/fpg Pp6f cfwf/sf ?kdf pQm kmf\]/d km/
lkmpr/sf nflu cfjZos sf\]ifsf\] :yfkgf klg ;f\] d\~rdf ul/Psf\] lyof\] .
pQm kmf\]/d km/ lkmpr/df ePsf\] gful/s ;dfhsf\] ;xeflutfsf\] :t/ /
ulx/fO P\]ltxfl;s / ;sf/fTds x\'g\'sf ;fy} /fhgLlts ;\'wf/sf ljifodf
gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/aLrsf\] uDeL/ ax; / ;fem\]bf/Lsf ljifodf Pp6f
dxTjk\"0f{ pbfx/0f sfod ug{ ;kmn eof\] .

kmf\]/d km/ lkmpr/ cGo ;+oqx¿ h:t} Pp6f o:tf\] ;+oGq xf\] h;cGtu{t
cd\]l/sf / cGo ;d\"x--\* sf b\]zx¿ / If\]qLo ;/sf/x¿n\] ;du\| dWok\"j{ /
pQ/L clk\|msfdf ljBdfg ;\'wf/;DaGwL rfxfgfnfO{ ;xof\]u k\'¥ofpF5g\\ .

o; k\|ltj\]bgdf k\|ltljlDat ul/Psf\] ljZjJofkL ?kdf a9\\b} uPsf\] dfgj
clwsf/ / k\|hftGqsf\] dfu s\'g} ljb\]zL ;/sf/sf\] /6fO jf w\"gsf\]
PSnf\] k\|of;sf\] kl/0ffd geO{ of\] cfjfh x/\]s o\'u / ;dfhsf tL dlxnf /
k\'?ifx¿ h;n\] cfTd;Ddfg / :jtGqtf ;fy afFRg\] zlQmzfnL dfgjLo rfxfgfsf
nflu JolQmut ;fx; / axfb\'/Lsf ;fy cfkm\"nfO{ cfx\'tL lbP pgLx¿af6
clek\|\]l/t 5 .

**[g\]kfn]{.underline}**

dfgj clwsf/sf cEof;;DaGwL /fli6«o k\|ltj\]bgx¿ -- ;g\\ @))%

ljb\]zL ljefusf\] k\|hftGq, dfgjclwsf/ / \>d dfldnf x\]g\]{ sfof{noaf6

;g\\ @))\^ dfr{ \* df hf/L ePsf\]

g\]kfn ;+;bLo k\|0ffnLcg\';f/sf\] ;/sf/ / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds b\]z xf\]
/ oxfFsf\] hg;+Vof em08} @ s/f\]8 %) nfv /x\]sf\] 5 . k\|m\]a\'c/L--! sf
lbg /fhf 1fg\]Gb\|n\] dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]x;Fu n8\\g\' kg\]{ sf/0f
b\]vfO{ ;+ljwfgsf\] ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/;DaGwL wf/f cGtu{t dlGqkl/ifb\\sf\]
lj36g, b\]ze/ ;+s6sfnsf\] 3f\]if0ff / ;/sf/df l;w} lgoGq0f ug\]{ sfd
u/\]sf lyP . ;f\] ;+s6sfn clk\|n @( df x6fOPsf\] lyof\] .
km\]a\|\'c/L--! klxn\] /fhfn\] cfkm\\gf\] cWoIftfdf /x\]sf\]
dlGqkl/ifb\\dfkm{t zf;g uy\]{ . ;a}eGbf clGtd lgjf{rgsf ?kdf ;g\\ !(((
df ePsf\] ;+;bLo lgjf{rg lyof\] h\'g ;fdfGotof :jtGq / lgikIf lyof\] .
;g\\ !((( kl5 s\'g} lgjf{rg x\'g ;s\]sf\] 5}g . o;f\] x\'g\'df
dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]x h\'g ;g\\ !((\^ df z\'? eO{ clxn\] lj:tf/ xF\'b}
uPsf sf/0f pTkGg ;\'/Iff;DaGwL ;d:of g} d\'Vo sf/0f /x\]sf\] ;/sf/L
kIfsf\] egfO 5 .

/fhfn\] ;\'/Iff kmf}hdfly ;fdfGotof k\|efjsf/L lgoGq0f sfod u/\]sf lyP
;\'/Iff kmf}h leqsf s\]xL tTjx¿n\] slxn\]sfxL+ cfk\"mv\';L sfd u/\]sf\]
klg kfOof\] .

;/sf/n\] ;+s6sfnsf\] cjlw / To;kl5 h\'g a\]nf aGbL k\|ToIfLs/0f afx\]ssf
;a} cfwf/e\"t clwsf/x¿ vf\];\]/ uDeL/ vfn\] b\'Jo{jxf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP
To;kl5 ljutdf lgs} sdhf\]/ /x\]sf\] dfgj clwsf/sf\] cj:yf emg\\ v/fa
ePsf\] lyof\] . ;\'/Iff kmf}h / dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLsf sfo{stf{x¿n\] o;
jif{e/ w\]/} ;+Vofdf uDeL/ vfn\] dfgj clwsf/ xggsf ultljlwx¿ u/\]sf lyP
. lgDg cg\';f/sf dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ;d:of b\]vf k/\]sf lyP M--

-   ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug{ kfpg\] gful/s clwsf/dfly cj/f\]w

-   oftgfnufotsf :jR5frf/L / u}/sfg\'gL bafa

-   cgfjZos lgu/fgL

-   a\]kQf kfg\]{ 36gfx?

-   sf/fuf/ tyf y\'g\'jf /fVg\] :yfgsf\] bogLo cj:yf

-   u}/sfg\'gL lu/km\\tf/L / nfdf\] cjlw;Dd y\'gfdf /fVg\] sfd

-   ;\'/Iff kmf}hdflysf\] b08xLgtf

-   Goflos lgsfosf\] :jtGqtfdf ;Demf}tf

-   ;dfrf/ k\|;f/0fdf k\|ltaGw

-   ltAatL ;d\'bfodfly ;Ldf aGbg

-   cfGtl/s cfjthfjtdf Jojwfg

-   ckfË tyf tNnf\] hftsf dflg;lj?4 e\]befj

-   dlxnflj?4sf\] lx+;f / dlxnf tyf s\]6Lx¿sf\] a\]rlavg

-   afn\>dsf\] b\'?kof\]u

-   sfdbf/x¿sf\] clwsf/dfly k\|ltaGw

d\] dlxgfdf ;/sf/n\] /fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sfof{no
sf7df8f}+df vf\]Ng\] s\'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u¥of\] . pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sfof{no /
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]u b\'a}n\] y\'g\'jf s\]Gb\|x¿;Ddsf\] kxF\'rdf
;\'wf/ cfPsf\] / a\]kQf kl/Psf dflg;sf\] ;\"rLdf k/\]sfx¿nfO{ kQfnufpg\]
sfo{df k\|ult ePsf\] s\'/f hgfP . ;\]K6\]Da/ dlxgfdf ljutsf jif{x¿sf\]
eGbf a\]Un} lsl;dn\] ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] gful/stf P\]gsf\] JoVof ub}{
cljjflxt dlxnfaf6 hlGdPsf afnaflnsfn\] klg gful/stfsf nflu bfaL ug{
kfpg\] km};nf u¥of\] . To:t}, gf\]e\]Da/ dlxgfdf dlxnfn\] /fxbfgL kfpgsf
nflu pgsf \>Ldfg\\ jf cleefjssf\] l;kmfl/; cfjZos gkg\]{ km};nf
;\'gfof\] . l8;\]Da/ dlxgfdf, ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] dlxnfn\] cfkm\\gf\]
;DklQ laqmL jf xs 5f8\\g rfx\]df To;sf nflu p;sf\] nf\]Ug\], 5f\]/f cyjf
cleefjssf\] :jLs\[lt lng\' gkg\]{ km};nf u¥of\] .

;g\\ @))% jif{el/ g} dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] dflg;nfO{ oftgf lbg\], dfg\]{, ad
ljikmf\]6 u/fpg\], afnaflnsfnfO{ etL{ ug\]{, ckx/0f ug\]{, hj/h:tL rGbf
lng\], ljBfnox¿ / pBf\]u Joj;fox¿ aGb u/fpg bafa lbg\] / cGo uDeL/ /
Jofks dfgj clwsf/ xgg\\sf 36gfx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP . dfcf\]jfbLleq
/x\]sf\] b08xLgtf uDeL/ ;d:ofsf ?kdf /x\\of\] . :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf,
cgf}krfl/s If\]q ;\]jf s\]Gb\| - OG;\]s \_ n\] u/\]sf\] Ps cg\'dfg
cg\';f/ of\] jif{ le8Gtdf !,\^#) hgf dfl/P h;df !#\$ hgf k\|x/L / ;z:q
k\|x/L ansf, @)# hgf zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf, %(( hgf dfcf\]jfbL / #) hgf
ljBfyL{ ;lxt @\^& hgf ;j{;fwf/0f /x\]sf 5g\\ . dfcf\]jfbLsf ultljlwn\]
k\|\]; :jtGqtf / e\]nf x\'g kfpg\] clwsf/, wfld{s ;d\'bfodflysf\] bafa,
v\'nf cfjthfjtdf /f\]s / nfvf}+ afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIff kfpgaf6 /f\]s h:tf
ljifdf ;d:of pTkGg u/fPsf\] lyof\] . ;g\\ !((\^ df ljb\|f\]x z\'? ePotf
dfcf\]jfbLsf\] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿nfO{ cfb/ tyf
;dy{g ug\]{ k\|ltj4tf x\'Fbfx\'Fb} klg pgLx¿sf ;\]gfn\] u/\]sf dfgj
clwsf/ xgg\\sf 36gfnfO{ pgLx¿n\] ljZj;gLo lsl;dn\] 5fgaLg u/fPsf\] kfOPg
.

dfgj clwsf/k\|ltsf\] ;Ddfg

v08 ! JolQmsf\] rl/qk\|ltsf\] ;Ddfgsf ;fy} lgDg s\'/fsf\] :jtGqtf M

s\_ hyfefjL cyjf u}/sfg\'gL?kdf hLjg hf\]lvddf kfg\]{

;g\\ @))% sf\] jif{el/ g} ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] hyfefjL / u}/sfg\'gL?kdf xTof
ug\]{ sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof\] . OG;\]ssf cg\';f/ o; jif{df ;\'/Iff
kmf}hn\] (\^\$ hgf z+sf:kb dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ df¥of\] . o;afx\]s u}/;/sf/L
;+:yf;Da4 ;\"qsf cg\';f/ zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf hjfgx¿n\] y\'gfdf
/x\]sfx¿nfO{ oftgf lbP/ cGo w\]/}sf\] xTof u/\]sf\] lyof\] -
x\]g\'{xf\]; v08 ! ;L \_ . of\] jif{ zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] dfgj clwsf/
cg\';Gwfg;DaGwL PsfO{n\] gofF ( j6f 36gfsf\] cg\';Gwfg u¥of\] . hyfefjL
/ u}/sfg\'gL xTofsf 36gfsf kLl8tx¿ w\]/}h;f\] dfcf\]jfbLx¿ ePsf\] bfaL
zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] u¥of\] .

d\] dlxgfsf\] @ tfl/vdf Onfd lhNnfdf ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] ?k\]g /fO{nfO{
uf\]nL xfgL xTof u/\] . ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] klxnf\] k6s uf\]nL k\|xf/
u/\]kl5 pgnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng rfx\]sf\] eP ;lsGYof\] t/ ;\'/IffsdL{n\]
To;f\] u/\]gg\\ eg\]/ k\|ToIfbzL{x¿n\] atfP .

dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;d\"x¿n\] ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] z+sf:kb JolQm ;/sf/sf\]
dftxtsf\] y\'gfdf g} /x\]sf a\]nf cfTdxTof u/\]sf\] eg\]/ ug\]{
bfaLk\|lt rf;f\] b\]vfPsf 5g\\ . pbfx/0fsf\] nflu, d\] @& tfl/vdf,
sf7df8f}+sf\] l;+xb/jf/leq /x\]sf\] ;}lgs Aof/\]sdf /flvPsf bf\]h\]{
z\]kf{n\] h\'Qfsf\] t\'gfsf\] ;xfotfn\] em\'l08P/ cfTdxTof u/\]sf\] zfxL
g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] bfaL u¥of\] .

;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿n\] z+sf:kb JolQmnfO{ ;f\]wk\'5sf\] qmddf g} cTolws zlQm
k\|of\]u ug\]{ u5{g\\ . h\'nfO{ \# tfl/vdf ;fbf kf\];fs nufPsf zfxL
g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf hjfgx¿n\] emfkf lhNnfsf\] sfd6f\]nL ahf/sL tLghgf aRrfsL
cfdf /df clwsf/LnfO{ uf\]nL xfgL xTof u/\] . pxfFnfO{ dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\]
vfgf Vjfpg afWo kf/\]kl5 dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ vfgf VjfPsf\] eg\]/ uf\]nL
xflgPsf\] lyof\] . ;\]gfn\] pxfFsf\] z/L/df k\]:tf\]n ePsf\] bfjL
u/\]sf\] / pgLx¿n\] /dfsf klt / l5d\]sLx¿n\] pxfFsf\] z/L/df xltof/
ePsf\] eGg\] sfuhdf b:tvt gu/\];Dd nfz lkmtf{ gug\]{ wDsL lbPsf lyP .
;\]gfn\] ;f\] 36gfsf af/\]df 5fgaLg ug{ sf\]6{ ckm OGSjf/L u7g u¥of\] /
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]un\] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt lbg\] l;kmfl/;
u¥of\] .

;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] y\'gfdf /x\]sf dflg;x¿dfly klg cTolws zlQmsf\] k\|of\]u
u¥of\] h;af6 of\] jif{ w\]/}sf\] Hofg uof\] . h\'nfO{ 5 tf/Lvdf
k\|x/Ln\] wg\'iffsf\] 9f\]nafhf 6f\]nsf afl;Gbf nIdL ofbj, xl/k\|;fb
ofbj, sf/L skf/ / sf/L ;fxnfO{ y\'gfdf /fv\]s} a\]nf uf\]nL xfg\]/
df¥of\] . k\|x/Ln\] tL rf/ dfcf\]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ ePsf\] / pgLx¿
bf\]xf\]/f\] le8Gtdf dfl/Psf\] atfof\] . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf klg ;f\]
36gfsf\] 5fgaLg ug{ g t s\'g} sbd rflnof\] g rflng\] ;+efjgf g}
b\]lvof\] .

l8;\]Da/ !\$ df Ps hgf zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf hjfgn\] gu/sf\]6df hfqf
dgfO/x\]sf dflg;sf\] eL8df uf\]nL rnfP . h;df !! hgf ;j{;fwf/0f d/\]
eg\] !( hgf 3fOt\] eP . kl5 tL ;}lgs hjfgn\] cfkm}+ uf\]nL xfg\]/
cfTdxTof u/\] . ;/sf/n\] pRr txsf\] 5fgaLg ;ldlt u7g u¥of\] h;n\] ;f\]
36gf Ps ;}lgs hjfgn\] dfq u/\]sf\] 7x/ u¥of\] / kLl8tnfO{ /fxt lbPsf\]
lyof\] .

@))\$ df ePsf xTofx¿dWo\] /fh\]Gb\| kg\]¿, u0f\]z :ofËtfË, z\'eb\|f
rf}nfufO{, /Lgf /;fO{nL, lszf\]/L k6\]n s\'dL{, ;\'/\]z /fpt k6\]n,
uf\]ljGb kf}8\]nsf ;fy} xfF8Lvf\]nf uflj; j8f g+ \$ df @))\$ sf\]
km\]a\|\'c/Ldf ePsf\] ;\'/Iff sf/afxLsf kLl8tx¿sf\] ;DaGwdf klg s\'g}
sfo{ cufl8 a9\]sf\] b\]lvPg .

dfr{ !) tfl/vdf zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] cbfntn\] zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf Ps
hgf d\]h/nfO{ ;g\\ @))# df /fd\]5fkdf sAhfdf lnPsf dfcf\]jfbLx¿sf\]
xTofdf ;+nUgtf ePsf\] cf/f\]kdf b\'O{ jif{ h\]n ;hfo tf\]Sof\] /
;\]jfaf6 lgisfzg u¥of\] .

;\]K6\]Da/df zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] ;}lgs cbfntn\] ;\]gfsf s0f\]{n tyf
b\'O{ hgf SofK6\]gx¿nfO{ km\]a\|\'c/L @))\$ df sfe\|\] lhNnfdf d}gf
;\'g\'jf/sf\] d\[To\'sf ;DaGwdf uDeL/ q\'l6 ePsf\] cf/f\]kdf sf/jfxL
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . dfgj clwsf/ b\'¿kof\]u ;DaGwL 36gfdf ;}lgs cbfntaf6
sf/afxLdf kg\]{dWo\] lgh sg\]{n clxn\];Dds} pRr kbsf clws\[t x\'g\\ .

of\] aif{el/ g} zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] cfkm\\gf cv8f / ef}lts k\"jf{wf/
hf\]ufpg ljR5\\ofPsf af¿bL ;\'¿Ëaf6 sf\]xL klg dfl/Psf\] jf 3fOt\]
ePsf\] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ePg . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] af¿bL ;\'¿Ë ;8sd} cyjf ;8s
lsgf/df /fVg\] u5{g\\ h;af6 ;\'/Iff kmf}h tyf ;j{;fwf/0f b\'j} dfl/G5g\\
. - v08 != hL=df x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx¿n\] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf jif{el/df g} s\'g} klg
dflg;x¿nfO{ df/\]sf jf 3fOt\] agfPsf kfOPg . pgLx¿n\] ;\'/Iffkmf}hx¿;Fu
af/Daf/ le8Gt ug\]{ / ;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿, ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx¿ tyf
gful/sx¿k\|lt nlIot xTofnfO{ eg\] lg/Gt/tf lbP . ljb\|f\]xLx¿åf/f
aif{el/df @\^& gful/sx¿sf\] xTof ePsf\] k\|ltj\]bg O{G;\]sn\] ;fj{hlgs
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . - v08 != hL=df x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

Pdg\]li6 O{G6/g\]zgn -PcfO{\_\]n\] ;/sf/sf\] pS;x6df s\]xL
lelhnfGt\]x¿n\] cftÍ / lx+;fnfO{ a9fpFb} nu\]sf\] cg\'ej cfdgful/s
;d\'bfon\] u/\]sf\] s\'/f cui6 \# df ;fj{hlgs k\|ltj\]bgdf hgfof\] .
pbfx/0fsf\] ?kdf, dfr{ !# df Pp6f hdftn\] slknj:t\' lhNnfdf !@
dfcf\]jfbLdfly cfs\|d0f u/L ltgsf\] xTof u/\]sf\] 36gfnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
Pshgf :yfgLo dfgjclwsf/jfbL sfg\'g Joj;foLsf cg\';f/, o:tf ;/sf/L
lelhnfGt\]x¿ tyf dfcf\]jfbLx¿aLrsf\] em8kdf #\^ hgfsf\] Hofg uPsf\] ,
\^)) 3/x¿ Wj:t ePsf tyf @) xhf/ dflg;x¿ ef/tLo l;dfgftkm{ knfog ePsf lyP
. h\'nfO{ @% df wflbË lhNnfsf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn\] ;ft hgf dfcf\]jfbL
ljb\|f\]xLx¿nfO{ df/\]sf lyP . cui6 !\$ tfl/vdf afFs\] lhNnfsf
dfcf\]jfbLn\] Ps j\[4nfO{ ckx/0f u/\]kl5 ufpFn\]x¿n\] slDtdf kfFr hgf
dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ df/\]sf lyP . ;/sf/n\] tL xTofdf ;+nUg lelhnfGt\]x¿nfO{
s\'g} b08 u/\]g .

v\_ a\]kQf kfl/g\'

cftÍsf/L tyf ljWj+;fTds ultljljlw lgoGq0f cWofb\]zsf\] gfdaf6 nfu\"
ul/Psf\] ;g\\ @))\$ sf\] P\]g cGtu{t s\'g} klg z+sf:kb JolQmnfO{
lu/km\\tf/ u/\] kl5 lu/km\\tf/ ul/Psf\] \^) lbg leqdf cbfnt ;dIf k\]z
ug\'{ kg\]{ k\|fjwfg /x\]sf\] 5 . o:tf z+sf:kb JolQmnfO{ #\^) lbg;Dd
y\'g\'jfsf ?kdf /fVg ;S5 . o; jif{df klg ;\'/Iff kmf}hsf\] lgoGq0fdf
/x\]sf JolQmx¿ a\]kQf kfl/Psf 36gfx¿ eP . s\]xL 36gfdf s\]xL dflg;x¿
a\]kQf eP / ;/sf/n\] pgLx¿nfO{ ljWj+;fTds ultljlw lgoGq0f ;DaGwL
cWofb\]z ...6f8f...\] cGtu{t /flvPsf\] hfgsf/L gu/fP;Dd pgLx¿sf\] cj:yf
s\] 5 eGg\] s\'/f w\]/} ;do;Dd c1ft /x\\of\] .

km\]a\'\|c/L !% tfl/vdf ;\]gfn\] clvn g\]kfn :jtGq ljBfyL{ o\'lgog -
qmflGtqmf/L \_ dfcf\]jfbL lgs6 /x\]sf sf/0f ;f\] ;+u7gsf pkfWoIf s\[i0f
s\]=;L=nfO{ cfkm\"x¿n\] y\'gfdf lnPsf\] k\'li6 u¥of\] . ;fbf kf\];fsdf
cfPsf zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] 6f\]nLn\] ;g\\ @))# df lghnfO{ lx/f;tdf
lnPsf\] / em08} b\'O{ jif{;Dd s\'g} hfgsf/L g} glbO{ y\'gfdf /fv\]sf\]
lyof\] . ;g\\ @))\$ sf\] d\] dlxgfdf ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof\]unfO{ ;f\] 36gfsf\] 5fgaLg ug{ cfb\]z lbof\] . t/ ha
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cof\]usf k\|ltlglwx¿n\] ;}lgs Jof/\]ssf\] e\|d0f
u/\] To; a\]nf zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] cGo tLghgf jGbLnfO{ pgLx¿ ;dIf
k\|:t\'t u¥of\] / pgLx¿n\] s\]=;L= y\'gfdf g/x\]sf\] atfPsf lyP . ha
;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] pgL sxfF 5g\\ eGg\] s\'/f ;j{hlgs ug{ k\'gM cfb\]z
lbof\] To;kl5 dfq zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] pgL\] sxfF 5g\\ eGg\] s\'/f
;fj{hlgs u¥of\] . ;\]K6\]Da/ @@ df ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] s\]=;L=nfO{ d\'Qm
ug{ cfb\]z lbof\] t/ klg k\|x/Ln\] pgnfO{ ;jf\]{Rr cbfntaf6 k\'gM
lu/km\\tf/ u¥of\] / of\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd klg pxfF y\'gfdf g}
x\'\'g\'x\'GYof\] .

h\'g @# tfl/vdf, ;/sf/n\] ;jf\]{Rr cbfntnfO{ hgdf\]rf{ g\]kfnsf dxf;lrj
gj/fh ;\'j\]bL y\'gfdf g/x\]sf\] hfgsf/L lbPsf\] ef\]lnkN6} /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof\]usf k\|ltlglwx¿n\] pxfFnfO{ nlntk\'/ lhNnf k\|x/L sfof{nodf
km\]nf kf¥of\] . To;df ;/sf/dfly s\'g} sf/jfxL ePg / eljiodf x\'g\]
;+s\]t klg b\]lvPsf\] lyPg .

;\]K6\]Da/ \$ tfl/vdf !% jifL{of b\'O{ o\'jtLx¿ /fwf e\'iffn -hf\]
klxnf\] k6s clk\|n !& df kqmfp k/\]sL lyOg\\\_ / uLtf g\]kfnL -hf\]
klxnf\] k6s d\] !) tfl/sdf kqmfp k/\]sL lyOg\\\_nfO{ k\'g/fj\]bg
cbfntn\] 5f8\\g cfb\]z lbP kl5 pgLx¿nfO{ k\'gM kqmfp ul/of\] . tL
o\'jtLx¿nfO{ ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] s\'g} hfgsf/L g} glbO{ y\'gfdf /fVof\] /
pgLx¿dfly klxnf\] k6s kqmfp u/\] kl5 h\'nfO{ !& df slknj:t\' sf/fuf/df
gk7fP;Dd s\'6lk6 tyf of}g b\'Jo{jxf/ u/\]sf\] klg cf/f\]k /x\]sf\] 5 .
k\|x/Ln\] pgLx¿nfO{ k\'gM kqmfp ul/Psf\] s\'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ub}{ cfPsf\]
5 .

cgf}krfl/s If\]q ;\]jf s\]Gb\| - OG;\]s \_n\] lbPsf\] hfgsf/L cg\';f/,
ljb\|f\]x z\'? ePsf\] cjlw ;g\\ !((\^ b\]lv o;} jif{sf\] gf\]e\]Da/ #)
tfl/v;Ddsf\] /x:odo lsl;dn\] a\]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf af/\]df tof/
kf/\]sf\] ;\"rLdf !,#)% hgfnfO{ a\]kQf kfg\]{ sfddf ;/sf/ lhDd\]jf/
/x\]sf\] pNn\]v 5 . OG;\]ss} tYofÍ cg\';f/ dfcf\]jfbLsf\] tk{maf6
jif{el/df \$\^,&(\$ hgfnfO{ ckx/0f u/\]sf\] tyf \*,&!% hgf a\]kQf
kf/\]sf\] kfOPsf\] 5 . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf a\]kQf kfg\]{ sfddf ;+nUg
;/sf/L clwsf/ tyf dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ sf/jfxL ePsf\] lyPg / pgLx¿nfO{ sf/jfxL
ug\]{ s\'g} ;+efjgf klg b\]lvPg .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]un\] ;g\\ !((\^ b\]lv of\] jif{sf\] l8;\]Da/
!) tfl/v;Dddf ;/sf/n\] !,\^(& hgfnfO{ lu/km\\tf/ u/\]sf\] atfof\] . t/
tLdWo\] ()! hgfnfO{ lx/f;tdf /flvPsf\] s\'/f ;/sf/af6 k\'li6 ug{ afFsL
/x\]sf\] hfgsf/L u/fPsf\] lyof\] . To:t} /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cof\]un\]
@() hgf dflg; dfcf\]jfbLsf\] sAhfdf /x\]sf\] klg hfgsf/L u/fof\] .

dfr{ dlxgfdf dfgj clwsf/ cg\'udg - x\\o\'dg /fO6\\; jfr \_ gfds
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn\] ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf\] k\|ltj\]bgdf ;g\\ !((\* b\]lv @))\$
sf\] cjlwdf zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gf, ;z:q k\|x/L / k\|x/Ln\] ank\"j{s a\]kQf
kfl/Psfx¿sf\] ;+Vof @)) /x\]sf\] hgfPsf\] 5 . a\]kQf kfl/Psf kl/jf/af6
btf{ ul/Psf s\'n cflwsfl/s 36gfx¿ dWo\] @\* j6f 36gfdf ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\]
pgLx¿nfO{ sAhfdf lnP kl5 dfl/Psf\] e/kbf\]{ ;\"rgf /x\]sf\] eP klg Pp6f
ckjfb afx\]s c¿sf\] To; lsld;sf\] d\[To\'af/\] s\'g} cflwsfl/s wf/0ff
aflx/ cfPsf\] 5}g .

zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] aGbL agfOPsfx¿sf af/\]df nut /fVg /fli6«o:t/df
btf{ k\|0ffnL :yfkgf u¥of\] . ;g\\ @))\$ otfsf !)\^ j6f o:tf 36gfnfO{
6\'+uf\] nufpg\] l;nl;nfdf . ank\"j{s a\]kQf kfl/Psfx¿sf af/\]df sfd
ug\]{ /fi6«;+3Lo sfo{bn -- o\'gfO6\]8 g\]zgn jls{Ë u\'\|k km/ Ogkmf\];{
jf Ogef\]n\]G6/L jls{Ë u\'k \_ nfO{ ;xof\]u k\'¥ofPsf\] lyof\] . zfxL
g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] (\* j6f 36gfsf af/\]df hjfkm lbg\'sf ;fy} cGo \* j6f
36gfsf af/\]df of\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Dd 5fgaLg ul//x\]sf\] lyof\] . zfxL
g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] %\$ hgfnfO{ 5f8\]sf\] / rf/ hgfsf\] d\[To\' ePsf\] -tLg
hgfsf\] o\'4If\]qdf / Ps hgfsf\] lx/f;tdf\_ lyof\] . lx/f;tdf d\[To\'
ePsf\] ;DaGwdf ;\]gfn\] ;}lgs cbftndfkm{t\\ 5gaLg ul//x\]sf\] hgfof\] .

a\]kQf kfl/Psf\] elgPsf dflg;sf\] ljifodf 5fgaLg ug{ ;g\\ @))\$ df kfFr
;b:oLo ;/sf/L 5fgaLg ;ldlt u7g u/\]sf\] lyof\] . To;n\] km\]a\|\'c/L,
clk\|n, h\'g / cu:6 dlxgfdf hf/L u/\]sf k\|ltj\]bgx¿df ljutdf a\]kQf
kfl/Psf\] ;\"rLs\[t ul/Psf dWo\] %\*) hgfsf\] dfldnf kQf nufof\] .

xl/s\[i0f clwsf/LnfO{ kQf nufpg\] ljifodf vf; k\|ult ePg.
dfcf\]jfbLx¿sf\] xftaf6 ;g\\ @))\$ df a\]kQf kfl/Psf 36gf 7\"nf\] ;d:of
aGb} uPsf\] 5 - v08 ! hL x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_

u\_ oftgf tyf cGo lgb{oL, cdfgjLo, cyjf lgr Jojxf/ / b08

sfg\'gn\] oftgf, s\'6lk6 / 3fOt\] agfpg\] sfo{nfO{ lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5
tfklg ;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf o:tf ultljlwx¿df ;+nUg x\'g\],
cf/f\]lktx¿nfO{ b08 lbg\] cyjf pgLx¿nfO{ :jLsfg{ nufpg\] sfddf nflu g}
/x\] .

oftgf kLl8t ;/f\]sf/ s\]Gb\| - l;le6 \_ gfds Ps u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfåf/f hf/L
ul/Psf\] Ps k\|ltj\]bg cg\';f/ cfvfFdf k§L afFWg\] / k}tfnfdf lk6\\g\]
h:tf oftgf lbg\] k\|d\'v tl/sf /x\]sf lyP . ;/sf/n\] ;\'/Iff kmf}håf/f
ul/Psf\] lgb{oL Jojxf/x¿sf\] af/\]df 5fgaLg / ulx/f\] cWoog u/\]sf\]
lyPg / tL 36gfdf ;+nUgx¿nfO{ cg\'zf;gsf\] sf/afxL ug{ klg s\'g} sbd
rfn\]sf\] lyPg . gful/sx¿n\] klg k\|x/L jf ;\]gfn\] abnf lng\] 8/n\]
o:tf d\'2f btf{ ug{ tTk/tf b\]vfPgg\\ .

oftgf ;DaGwL ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3sf ljz\]if k\|ltj\]bsn\] ;\]K6\]Da/ !\^ df
hf/L u/\]sf\] lgisif{df k\|x/L, ;z:q k\|x/L an tyf zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\]
hah{:tL cf/f\]k :jLsf/ ug{ nufpg / dfcf\]jfbLx¿;DaGwL uf\]Ko ;\"rgf yfxf
kfpg cf/f\]lktx¿nfO{ oftgf lbg\] tyf b\'Jo{jxf/ ug\]{ u/\]sf\] kfPsf\]
lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] dfgj clwsf/ b\'?kof\]u ug{ glbg k\|lta4 ePsf\] /
bf\]ifLnfO{ klg cg\'zf;g;DaGwL sf/afxL u/\]sf\] bfaL ub{} cfPsf\] lyof\]
. zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gf ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3n\] k\|:t\'t u/\]sf oftgf ;DaGwL
!&( d\'2fx¿nfO{ s\]nfpg lqmofzLn /x\]sf\] atfOof\] . t/ ;\]gfåf/f tL
d\'2fx¿sf\] ;DaGwdf rflnPsf sbdaf/\] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]un\]
s\'g} klg ;\"rgf k\|fKt ug{ ;s\]g .

sfg\'gn\] oftgf kLl8tx¿nfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ lbg\]\] Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . oftgf
kLl8t ;/f\]sf/ s\]Gb\|sf cg\';f/ ;g\\ @))% sf\] jif{ el/df ( hgfnfO{
Ifltk\"lt{ lbnfpg P\]g cg\';f/ Ifltk\"lt{sf\] nflu d\'2f cufl8 a9fOPsf\]
lyof\] . ;g\\ !((\^ df of\] P\]g nfu\" ePotf !\*\$ d\'2fx¿ btf{ ePsf\]df
cbfntn\] @\^ d\'2fx¿df Ifltk\"lt{ lbg\] lg0f{o u¥of\] t/ of\] jif{sf\]
cGTo;Dddf o:tf\] bfljstf{x¿dWo\]\] hDdf Ps hgfn\] dfq Ifltk\"lt{ kfPsf
lyP .

h\'nfO{ @@ tf/Lvdf zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf\] ;}lgs cbfntn\] k\|hftflGqs
u0ftGq s+uf\]df zflGt :yfkgf ug{ vl6Psf cj:yfdf 5 hgf ;}lgsx¿ of}g
b\'Jo{jxf/df ;+nUg ePsf\] lgisif{ lgsfn\]sf\] lyof\] / tL ;a}
bf\]ifLx¿n\] tLg dlxgfsf\] sf/fuf/ ;hfo kfPsf lyP / pgLx¿nfO{ Ps tx
36\'jf ul/Psf\] lyof\] .

h\'\'nfO{ @\$ tfl/vdf 5 hgf ;fbf kf\]zfs nufPsf ;\'/IffsdL{n\]
sf7df8f}+l:yt nf\]s\]Gb\| v8\\sfnfO{ pxfFs} 3/af6 xft k5fl8 afFw\]/ /
6fpsf\] 5f\]k\]/ nu\]sf lyP . ;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿n\] pgnfO{ cfkm\"
dfcf\]jfbL ePsf\] :jLsfg{ bjfa lbb} dfg\]{ wDsL lbg\] / kfgL / s/\]G6
nufpg\], lk6\\g\] h:tf oftgf lbPsf lyP .

;\]K6\]Da/ !@ tf/Lvdf sf7df8f}+sf\] dx\]Gb\| /Tg SofDk;sf g\]kfn ljBfyL{
;+3sf sfo{afxs cWoIf @# jifL{o lzj af\]x/fnfO{ SofDk;sf\] lj/f\]w
sfo{qmddf 9\'Ëf xfGg\] sfddf ;+nUg ePsf a\]nf k\|x/Ln\] kqmfp u/\]kl5
pxfFnfO{ nl¶n\], a\'6n\] / /fO{kmnsf\] s\'Gbfn\] xfg\]sf lyP h;n\] ubf{
pxfFsf\] lb;f lk;fj v\':sg\'sf ;fy} cGTodf xf\]z x/fPsf\] lyof\] .
k\|x/Ln\] o; 36gfsf\]\] cg\';Gwfg ul//x\]sf\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf klg
;f\] d\'2f 6+luPsf\]\] lyPg .

gf\]e\]Da/ @))\$ df Ps !\^ jifL{of o\'jtLnfO{ anfTsf/ u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf
;\'g;/L lhNnf cbfntn\] ;\]K6\]Da/ !@ df tLg hgf ;}lgsx¿nfO{ bf\]ifL
7x/fPsf\] lyof\] . zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] tL ;}lgsx¿nfO{ k\'k{Ifsf\] nflu
gful/s cbfntdf k7fPsf\] lyof\] .

;g\\ @))\$ df n\'Snfdf b\'O{ hgf ltAatL z/0ffyL{ s\]6Lx¿ dfly ePsf\]
b\'Jo{jxf/ ;DaGwL d\'2fdf s\'g} k\|ult x\'g ;s\]g .

dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx¿åf/f oftgf lbPsf cf/f\]kx¿ c;+Vo 5g\\ . - v08 !
hL x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

h\]n tyf lx/f;t s\]Gb\|x¿sf\] cj:yf

aGbLu\[xx¿sf\] cj:yf w\]/} g/fd\|f\] / cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08;Fu d\]n gvfg\]
vfnsf 5g\\ .

sf/fuf/ Joj:yf ljefusf cg\';f/ &,!#% hgf s}bLx¿dWo\] #,!\*( hgf ck/fwdf
;+nUg ePsf\] k\'li6 ePsf\] 5 / #,(\$\^ hgf d\'2fsf\] k\'k{If e}/x\]sf\]
cj:yfdf 5g\\ .

;\]K6\]Da/ !\^ df oftgf ;DaGwL ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3sf ljz\]if k\|ltj\]bsn\]
sf/fuf/x¿ tyf lx/f;t s\]Gb\|x¿df s}bLx¿sf\] rfk a9\\b} uPsf\] tyf
;/;kmfOsf\] cefj /x\]sf\] s\'/f k\|sfzdf NofPsf lyP . pgn\]
sf7df8f}+sf\] xg\'dfg9f\]sf k\|x/L sfof{nodf y\'g\'jfdf /flvPsfx¿sf\]
cj:yf cdfgjLo ePsf\] atfPsf lyP . y\'g\'jf /fVg\] sf\]7fx¿ kmf\]xf\]/,
;fgf em\\ofnx¿ tyf eL8ef8 ePsf, tLg dL6/ rf}8fO{ / rf/ dL6/ nDafO{
ePsf\] Pp6} sf\]7fdf !@ hgf dflg; ;Fu} a:f\]sf\], vfnL ;dodf s\'g} klg
ultljlwx¿ ug{ kfpg\] Joj :yf gePsf\], tyf jo:sx¿;Fu} w\]/} dfqfdf !\$
jif{sf s\]6fx¿ klg lx/f;tdf /flvPsf\] kfPsf lyP .

afnaflnsfsf nflu pko\'Qm x\'g\] vfnsf\] lx/f;t ;\'lawfsf\] cefjn\]
slxn\]sfFxL afnaflnsfx¿ klg ao:s;Fu} y\'gfdf /flvG5g\\ cyjf afa\'cfdf
h\]ndf k/\]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ /fVg\] a\]Un} 7fpFsf\] cefjn\]
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf\] cfdfafj\';Fu} h\]ndf /fVg\] ul/G5 . - v08 \$
x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_

;/sf/n\] dfgjclwsf/ cfof\]u tyf /fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL
pRrfo\'Qmsf\] g\]kfnl:yt sfof{nosf k\|ltlglwnfO{ ;\]gf tyf k\|x/L
lx/f;tdf /x\]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ e\]6\\g cg\'dlt lbof\]. tL e\]6 cfsl:ds klg
x\'g;Sy\] . cGt/f{li6«o /\]8qm; ;ldltn\] eg\] clk\|ndf o:tf\] e\]6
/f\]lsg uPsf\] atfof\] .

3\_ hyfefjL kqmfp cyjf y\'gf

sfg\'gn\] u}/sfg\'gL ?kdf dflg;nfO{ y\'Gg tyf lx/f;tdf /fVg dgfxL
u/\]sf\] eP tfklg jif{el/ g} o:f/L y\'gfdf /fVg\] qmd rln/x\\of\] .

k\|x/L tyf ;\'/Iff ;+oGq e\"ldsf

zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] ...... PsLs\[t ;\'/Iff cjwf/0ff ÚÚcg\'?k b\]zdf
zflGt ;\'/Iff sfod ug\]{ lhDd\]jf/L kfof\] h;df k\|x/L / ;z:q k\|x/L
annfO{ ;d\]t ;dfj\]z ul/of\] .

b\]zsf &% j6} lhNnfdf Ps÷Ps hgf, k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/L 7\"nf\]
cf\]xbfsf\] ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf ?kdf /xG5g\\ . pgnfO{ zflGt ;\'/Iff sfod
ug\]{ Jofks clwsf/ x\'G5 . k\|x/L tyf zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfleq dfgj clwsf/
k\|j{4gsf nflu Pp6f 5\'6\\6} PsfO /x\]sf\] x\'G5 h;n\] dfgj clwsf/ xgg
;DaGwL d\'2fx¿ klg x\]g\]{ u5{ . t/ klg e\|i6frf/ tyf b08xLgtf ;d:ofsf\]
¿kdf 5Fb}lyof\] . ;fwf/0ftof hgkb k\|x/Lx¿ lg:z:q x\'G5g\\ / pgLx¿sf\]
sfd u}/cftÍsf/L ck/fwsf\] 5fgaLg tyf /f\]syfd ug{\' xf\] ;z:q k\|x/Lx¿
eg\] xftxltof/n\] ;\';lHht x\'g\] / x\'nbËf /f\]Sg\] tyf hfFr rf}sLx¿df
jf l;w} zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gf;Fu} dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xLx¿;Fu n8\\g\] sfddf
;+nUg 5g\\ .

l8;\]Da/df, zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] hgfof\] ls ;g\\ @))! Df ;\]gf kl/rfng
!\^# j6f b\'Jo{jxf/;DaGwL d\'2fx¿sf\] 5fgaLg ul/;s\]sf\] 5 . tL !\^# j6f
d\'2fx¿dWo\] %! j6f d\'2f;Fu ;DalGwt bf\]ifLx¿nfO{ \^ dlxgfb\]lv !)
jif{;Dd h\]nsf\] ;hfo, #\$ j6f d\'2fdf ;DalGwtnfO{ hflu/af6 lgisflzt, !#
nfO{ 36\'jf ul/of\], !\* nfO{ u\|\]8 tyf a9\'jf /f\]Ssf, \$\^ nfO{
r\]tfjgL kq JolQmut kmfOndf /fVg nufpg\], / Pp6f d\'2f gful/s cbfntdf
k7fOPsf\] ;f\] k\|ltj\]bgdf pNn\]v lyof\] .

kqmfp / lx/f;t

sfg\'gdf ;\'/Iffdf vnn k\'Ug\] tyf nfu\" kbfy{ b\'Jo{;g h:tf ljifo;Fu
;DalGwt afx\]s cGo 36gfdf s;}nfO{ kqmfp ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 kqmfp
k\'hL{ hf/L ePsf\] x\'g\'kg\]{, kqmfp u/\]sf\] @\$ 306f leq bf\]lifnfO{
ls t cbfnt ;dIf k\|:t\'t ug\'{kg\]{{ ls 5fl8lbg\' kg\]{{ / kqmfp
u/\]sf\] ;ft lbg leq cbfntdf d\'2f k\]z ug{\'kg\]{ k\|fjwfg /x\] tfklg
;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿n\]\] w\]/}h;f\] of\] lgodnfO{ pNn+3g u/\]sf\] kfOof\] .
-v08 ! Pkm\\ x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_

cbfntn\] lx/f;tdf lng\] sfo{nfO{ ;b/ u/\]df sfg\'gn\] z+sf:kb JolQmsf
af/\]df 5fgjLg k\"/f ug{ Ps k6sdf ;ft lbgsf b/n\] Dofb yk u/L @% lbg;Dd
lx/f;tdf /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/ k\|x/LnfO{ 5 . t/ ;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿n\] of\]
eGbf a9L ;do;Dd dflg;nfO{ y\'gfdf /fVg\] u/\]sf 5g\\ . s\]xL d\'2fx¿df
;af\]{Rr cbfntn\] cbfntdf pkl:yt gu/fO{ @\$ 306f eGbf a9L ;do lx/f;tdf
/flvPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ 5f8\\g\] cfb\]z lbPsf\] lyof\] . s\]xL ljb\]zLx¿
ljz\]if u/L z/0ffyL{x¿n\] hdfgtdf 5\'6\\sf/f kfpg d\'l:sn k/\]sf\]
u\'gf;f\] u/\]sf lyP .

cft+ssf/Llj¿4sf\] ljz\]if P\]g cGtu{t y\'gfdf k/\]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ afx\]s
cGo aGbLnfO{ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿;Fu e\]6\\g kfpg\] sfg\'gL clwsf/ 5 .
clwsf/Lx¿n\] cleof\]u btf{ u/fpg\] ;dodf pgLx¿n\] cfkm\\gf jlsn /fVg
kfpg\] Joj:yf 5 . t/ Jojxf/df k\|x/Ln\] aGbLx¿nfO{ e\]6\\g lbg\] Joj:yf
h\]n} lkR5\] km/s--km/s u/\]sf\] kfOof\] . dfcf\]jfbL ePsf\] cfz+sf
ul/Psf JolQmx¿nfO{ kl/jf/ ;b:ox¿;Fu / sfg\'g Joj ;foLx¿;Fu w\]/} k6s
e\]6\\g lbPsf\] lyPg . hdfgtdf 5\'6\\g kfpg\] sfg\'gL Joj :yf eP tfklg
w\]/}h;f\] gful/sx¿nfO{ w/f}6L ltg{ w\]/} dx+uf\] k5{ . cbfntdf
d\'2fx¿sf\] rfk a9L ePsf sf/0f k\|lqmof l9nf\] x\'g\', sfg\'gL k/fdz{
;\'ljwf /fd\|f\] gx\'g\'n\] sltkon\] d\'2f km};nfaf6 lgwf{l/t ;doeGbf
klg a9L ;do km};nfk\"j{ y\'gfdf latfpg\' kg\]{ cj:yf klg /x\]sf\] 5 .
kqmfp cfb\]z lagf g} kqmfp ug\]{, cbfntdf k\|:t\'t g} gu/L nfdf\] ;do;Dd
lx/f;tdf /fVg\], tyf k\|x/Ln\]\] oftgf lbg\] h:tf 36gfx¿ a9L dfqfdf
dfcf\]jfbL k\|efljt If\]qx¿df x\'g\] u/\]sf\] kfOPsf\] cf/f\]k dfgj
clwsf/LjfbLx¿n\] nufPsf lyP . - v08 != ;L x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_

;fj{hlgs ;\'/IffcGtu{t cfGtl/s zflGt ;\'/Iff tyf cdgrogdf vnn k\'Ug\],
cGo b\]zx¿;Fusf\] ;\'dw\'/ ;DaGwdfly vnn\\ k\'Ug\] tyf ljleGg hfthflt jf
wdf{jnDaL aLrsf\] ;DaGwdf vnn k\'Ug\] h:tf sfo{ u/\]df ;fj{hlgs ;\'/Iff
P\]g cGtu{t ;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿n\] To:tf JolQmx¿nfO{ lx/f;tdf lng ;lsG5 .
;/sf/n\] To:tf JolQmaf6 x\'g ;Sg\] ck/fwnfO{ /f\]Sg p;sf\] s\'g} ck/fw
3f\]lift gul/sg 5 dlxgf;Dd y\'gfdf /fVg ;S5 . u\[x dGqfnodf lnlvt ?kdf
hfgsf/L lbP/ ;f\] ;do a9fpg klg ;Sg\] Joj:yf 5 . ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] o;
lsl;dsf\] y\'gfsf ljifodf lhNnf cbfntnfO{ @\$ 306f leq ;\"rgf k7fO{
;Sg\'k5{ . cbfntn\] yk 5 dlxgfsf\] y\'g\'jf cfb\]z lbg;S5 / ;f\] cjlw
cl3 g} ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] cbfntdf d\'2f bfo/ ul/;Sg\'k5{ . t/ ;/sf/n\]
o:tf sfg\'gL k\|fjwfgsf\] k\|of\]u dfcf\]jfbL ePsf\] cf/f\]lkt JolQm,
/fhgLltsdL{ tyf gful/s clwsf/jfbLx¿dfly k6s--k6s k\|of\]u u/\]sf\]
kfOof\] . - v08 ! aL= x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_ .

;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] sltko JolQmnfO{ dfcf\]jfbLk\|lt ;b\\efj b\]vfPsf\] egL
u}/sfg\'gL ?kdf y\'Gg\] tyf lx/f;tdf /fVg\] u/\]sf\] cf/f\]k /fli6\\o
dfgj clwsf/afbLx¿n\] nufPsf lyP .

km\]a\|\'c/L ! / clk\|n @( tfl/v cyf{t ;+s6sfnsf\] clGtd r/0fsf\] aLrdf
k\|x/Ln\] #,@\*\$ eGbf a9L /fhgLlts k\|bz{gsf/Lx¿nfO{ kqmg\] tyf y\'gfdf
/fv\]sf\] dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]un\] cg\'dfg u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] @%
hgf /fhgLlts g\]tfx¿nfO{ lu/km\\tf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] eg\] cGo !\* hgf
zLif{ g\]tfx¿nfO{ s\'g} cflwsfl/s k\|lqmof lagf 3/df gh/aGb u/\]/
/fVof\] . 3/df gh/aGb /fv\]sf tL g\]tfx¿nfO{ k\|x/Ln\] dfgj clwsf/
cfof\]usf k\|ltlglw;Fu rf/ k6s;Dd e\]6\\g glbPsf\] tYo ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . h\"g dlxgfsf\] cGTo;Dddf ;/sf/n\] ;a} /fhgLlts jGbLx¿nfO{
y\'gfd\'Qm u/\]sf\] lyof\] / 3/df gh/aGb u/\]sf ;a}nfO{ 5f\]l8lbPsf\]
lyof\] .

;fj{hlgs ck/fw P\]g nufot cGo s\]xL sfg\'gn\] s\'g} cleof\]u ljgf klg
dflg;nfO{ y\'gfdf /fVg kfpg\] Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . of\] P\]g / To;df
ljleGg ;dodf ePsf ;+zf\]wgn\] zflGt ;\'/Iffdf vnn k\'¥ofpg\],
tf\]8kmf\]8 ug\]{, x\'nx\'Hht ug\]{ / em}emu8f ug\]{ h:tf ck/fwx¿nfO{
;d\]6\]sf\] 5 .

dfgj clwsf/ cg\'udgstf{x¿n\] k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/nfO{ w\]/} thaLhL
clwsf/ lbPsf\] tkm{ rf;f\] b\]vfPsf 5g\\ . k\|x/Ln\] ;fj{hlgs lxtdf vnn
kfg\]{, x\'n x\'Hht ug\]{ / tf\]8kmf\]8 h:tf sfo{df ;+nUg w\]/}
JolQmnfO{ kqmfp u/L pgLx¿nfO{ s\'g} cleof\]u ljgf g} s\]xL lbg;Dd
y\'gfdf /fv\]sf\] lyof\] .

;+s6sfnsf\] 3f\]if0ff x6fPkl5 ;/sf/n\] lg/Gt/ ?kdf kqsf/x¿, gful/s
;dfhsf ;b:ox¿ / /fhgLlt1x¿nfO{ lgif\]lwt If\]qdf lj/f\]w k\|bz{gsf nflu
k\|j\]z ug{ vf\]Hbf kqmfp u/\]sf lyP . kqmfp u/\]sf\] @\$ 306f leq
k\|x/Ln\] ;a}h;f\]nfO{ 5fl8lbg\] u/\]sf\] b\]lvof\] .

;\]K6\]Da/ !# df k\|hftGqsf\] k\'g{:yfkgsf\] dfu ub}{ k\|bz{g ug{ %@(
g\]tfx¿ tyf bnsf sfo{stf{x¿ sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf\] lgif\]lwt If\]qdf k:g
vf\]Hg\] qmddf kqmfp k/\]sf lyP . csf\]{ lbg laxfg k\|x/Ln\] ;a}nfO{
5f\]8LlbPsf\] lyof\] . - v08 @ aL x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_

clwsf/Lx¿n\] k\|foM dfcf\]afbLx¿;Fu ;DaGw /fv\]sf\] cyjf pgLx¿k\|lt
;xfg\'e\"lt b\]vfPsf\] cfz+sfdfa\]nf--a\]nfdf kqsf/x¿nfO{ y\'gfdf /fVg\]
uy\]{ - v08 @ P x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_\] jif{el/ g} / ljz\]iftM ;+s6sfnsfdf
/fhgLlts dflg;nfO{ aGbL agfpg\] qmd rln/x\\of\] . dfr{ !\$ df k\|x/Ln\]
km\]a\'\|c/L ! sf\] /fhsLo 3f\]if0ffsf\] la/f\]wdf k\|b{zg u/\]sf\]
cf/f\]kdf kfFr j6f d\'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu ;DalGwt &%) hgfnfO{ kqmfp
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf kqmfp k/\]sfx?nfO{ l/xf ul/P .

ª\_ lgikIf ;fj{hlgs ;\'g\'jfO{df cj/f\]w

sfg\'gdf :jtGq Gofofnosf\] Joj:yf 5 t/ cbfnt /fhgLlts bafasf\] cufl8
sdhf\]/ b\]vfk¥of\] . To;dfly gful/sx¿n\] GofofwLzx¿nfO{ 3\"; lbg\] /
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] wDsfpg\] u/\]sf lyP .

;jf\]{Rr cbfntnfO{ ;+;bn\] kfl/t u/\]sf P\]g sfg\'g ;+ljwfg cg\'?k 5 5}g
eGg\] ;dLIff ug\]{ clwsf/ 5 . k\'g/fj\]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntx¿ :jtGq
?kdf ;\~rflnt x\'G5g\\ tfklg slxn\]sfxL ltgdf /fhgLlts bafa k/\]sf\]
cf+zsf eOg} /x\\of\] .

Goflos k\|0ffnLdf tLg j6f txx¿ 5g\\ M lhNnf cbfnt, k\'g/fj\]bg cbfnt,
tyf ;jf\]{Rr cbfnt . ;jf\]{Rr cbfntsf k\|wfg GofofwLzsf\] cWoIftfdf ul7t
Gofo kl/ifb\\sf\] l;kmf/L;df /fhfn\] GofofwLZfx¿ lgo\'Qm u5{g\\ .
GofofwLzx¿nfO{ sfdsf\] lhDd\]jf/L tf\]Sg\], cg\'zf;gsf\] sf/jfxL tyf cGo
k\|zf;lgs sfo{x¿ ug\]{ lhDd\]jf/L klg kl/ifb\\nfO{ 5 . nfu\" kbfy{sf\]
cf\];f/k;f/, r\]nLa\]6L a\]rlavg, /fHosf\] lj¿4 ck/fw / e\|i6frf/ tyf
lab\]zL d\'b\|f sf/f\]af/ ;DaGwL d\'2fx¿ ljz\]if cbfntn\] x\]5{ .
k\'g/fj\]bg cbfntn\] cftÍsf/L tyf laWj+;fTds ultlalw lgoGq0f cWofb\]z
cGtu{tsf s;\'/df ;+nUg cf/f\]lktx¿ la¿4sf\] d\'2f x\]g\]{ u5{ .

Gofo ;Dkfbgdf x\'g\] l9nfO{ Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:ofsf\] ?kdf /x\]sf\] lyof\] .
;jf\]{Rr cbfntdf !\^,@(# d\'2fx¿ , k\'g/fj\]bg cbfntdf !),!%& d\'2fx¿
tyf lhNnf cbfntx¿df @%,\^(( d\'2fx¿ h\'nfO{ !% ;Dd y\'lk\|Psf lyP .

;\'g\'jfO k\|lqmof

k\|rlnt sfg\'gn\] zflGt ;\'/Iff / /Lltl/jfh;Fu ;DalGwt d\'2fdf afx\]s
sfg\'gL k/fdz{ lng kfpg\], sfg\'gL ?kdf ;dfg ;+/If0f lbg\], Pp6} ck/fwdf
b\'O{ k6s sfg\'gL ;hfo x\'gaf6 ;+/If0f lbg\], e\"tk\|efjL sf/jfxLaf6
arfpg\] tyf ;fj{hlgs ;\'g\'jfOh:tf clwsf/ pknAw u/fpF5 t/ oL clwsf/x¿
;dfg?kdf nfu\" x\'g\] ub}{gg\\ . Goflos d08n ...h\'/L... sf\] cefj 5 /
GofofwLzx¿n\] g} d\'2fsf\] lg0f{o lbg\] u5{g\\ . y\'g\'jf dl\'Qmb\]lv
cGo ;a} tNnf cbfntx¿åf/f ul/Psf lg0f{ox¿dfly k\'gM ljrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
;jf\]{Rr cbfnt clGtd lg0f{o lbg\] lgsfo eP klg /fhfn\] s\]xL ljifodf
dfkmL lbg ;S5g\\ . /fhfn\] s\'g} klg b08nfO{ dfkmL lbg\], b08 ;hfo sd
ug{ ;S5g\\ . sfg\'gn\] aGbLx¿nfO{ sfg\'g Joj;foL /fVg tyf cbfntåf/f
lgo\'Qm sfg\'g Joj;foL, ;/sf/L jlsn cyjf lghL jlsnx¿ /fVg kfpg\] clwsf/
pknAw u/fpF5 . ;/sf/L sfg\'gL ;\]jf eg\] dfu u/\]df dfq k\|fKt x\'G5 .
To;}n\] o:tf\] ;\]jfaf/\]\] hfgsf/L gx\'g\] ;\]jfaf6 jl\~rt x\'g
k\'U5g\\. . k\|x/Ln\] k\|foM cftÍsf/L tyf laWj+;sf/L ultlalw lgolGqt
cWofb\]z cGtu{t y\'lgPsfx¿nfO{ jlsn tyf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿;Fu e\]6 ug{
lbPsf\] x\'Fb}g .

g\]kfn af/ Pzf\]lzPzgsf cg\';f/ jlsn ;\'lhGb\| dxh{gnfO{ l8;\]Da/ @))\$
df lx/f;taf6 l/xf ul/of\] . g\]kfn af/ Pzf\]lzPzgn\] s\'g} lglZrt
cfwf/lagf g} jlsn /fh\]Gb\| 9sfn ;g\\ !((( df uf\]vf{ lhNnfdf kqmfp
k/\]sf / kl5 pgsf\] d\[To\' ePsf\] hfgsf/L k\"j{ k\|wfgdGqL
s\]=kL=e6\\6/fO{n\] lbg\' ePsf\] atfPsf\] pNn\]v u/\]sf\] lyof\] . t/
of\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf klg 9sfnnfO{ a\]kQf kfl/Psf\] ;DaGwdf s\'g}
5fgaLg ePsf\] lyPg .

;}lgs cbfntx¿n\] ;\]gfx¿;Fu ;DalGwt d\'2fx¿ ;}lgs P\]g cGtu{t k\'k{If
u5{g\\ / o;n\] ;}lgsx¿nfO{ gful/sx¿ ;/xsf\] cfwf/e\"t clwsf/x¿ pknAw
u/fpF5 . anfTsf/;Fu ;DalGwt afx\]s cGo d\'2fdf ;}lgsx¿nfO{ gful/s
cbfntdf d\'2f rnfOFb}g . ;}lgs cbfntn\] s\'g} klg gful/s;Fu ;DalGwt
;}lgs ;\]jf;Fu ;DaGwL d\'2fx¿nfO{ ;}lgs cbfntdf ;\'g\'jfO ub}{g / o:tf
d\'2fx¿ gful/s cbfntaf6 x\]l/G5 .

clwsf/Lx¿n\] cft+sjfb cyjf /fhb\|f\]x ;DaGwL d\'2fx¿ /fhb\|f\]x P\]g
cGtu{t bfo/ ug{;S5g\\ . ljz\]iftM ;+j}wflgs cbfntx¿n\] aGb Ohnf;df o:tf
;\'g\'jfO{x¿ ug\]{ u5{g\\ t/ ;g\\ !((! b\]lv o:tf /fhb\|f\]x ;DaGwL
;\'g\'jfO{x¿ ePsf 5}gg\\ .

cftÍsf/L tyf laWj+;fTds ultlalw lgolGqt cWofb\]z cGtu{tsf d\'2fx¿
k\'g/fj\]bg cbfntdf ;\'lgG5 . cf/f\]lktx¿n\] lrQ ga\'em\]df ;jf\]{Rr
cbfntdf k\'g/fj\]bg lbg ;S5g\\ .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] s\]xL dfqfdf cfkm\\gf\] lgoGq0f sfod ug{ ;kmn ePsf
lhNnfx¿df 5\'6\\6} æhg cbfnt Æ :yfkgf u/\]sf 5g\\ . ;fwf/0ftof o:tf
cbfntx¿df s\'g} lglZrt k\|lqmofut Joj:yf x\'Fb}g / o;df b\]jfgL
d\'2fx¿sf\] dfq l5g\]kmfgf\] x\'GYof\] .

/fhg}lts aGbLx¿

;/sf/L :t/af6 g\]kfndf /fhgLlts aGbLx¿ ePsf\] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ul/Pg .

r\_ uf\]KfgLotf, kl/jf/, 3/ tyf kqfrf/ cflbdf u}/sfg\'gL x:tIf\]k

;+s6sfnsf\] cjlwdf /fhfn\] uf\]KfgLotf;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ lgnDag u/\]sf
lyP . ;\'/Iffsf\] sf/0f b\]vfP/ ;/sf/n\] ;a} ;fwf/0f tyf df\]afOn
kmf\]gx¿ / O{G6/g\]6 klg sfl6lbPsf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] ;fwf/0f
6\]lnkmf\]g ;\'ljwf km\]a\|\'c/L & df, kf\]i6k\]8 kmf\]gx¿ d\] ! df /
lk\|k\]8 kmf\]gx¿ cui6 @@ df k\'gM pknAw u/fof\] . t}klg dfgj clwsf/jfbL
tyf /fhgLlt1x¿sf cg\';f/ clk\|nsf\] cGTodf ;+s6sfn x6fOPkl5 klg
clwsf/Lx¿n\] O{G6/g\]6 ;\]jf aGb ug\]{ tyf df\]afOn kmf\]gsf\] cg\'udg
h:tf sfd u/\]sf\] c/f\]k nufPsf 5g\\ . - v08 @= P x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_

kqmfp k\'hL{ ljgf g} ;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿n\] 3/--3/df k\|j\]z ug\]{ tyf tL
3/x¿sf\] vfgtnfzL ug\]{ uy\]{ . cft+ssf/L tyf laWj+;sf/L ultlalw lgolGqt
cWofb\]z cGtu{t vfgtnfzL ;DaGwL k\"j{ ;\"rgf u/\]kl5 dfq ;\'/Iff
kmf}hx¿n\] s;}sf\] 3/sf\] vfgtnfzL ug{ kfpF5g\\ . ;\'/Iff hjfgn\] b\]zsf
w\]/} If\]qx¿df k\|foM ;8sdf oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ tyf hLpsf\] hfFrk8tfn
sfo{nfO{ hf/L /fv\]sf lyP .

;/sf/n\] gful/sx¿nfO{ ank\"j{s 3/ 5f\]8\\g afWo kf/\]sf hfgsf/L cfPg .
t/ dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\]\] eg\] dflg; ckx/0f ug\]{ , etL{sf nflu nfg\] tyf
k\|ltzf\]w lngsf nflu w\]/} dflg;nfO{ 3/ 5f\]8\]/ hfg afWo agfPsf lyP .

5\_ cfGtl/s åGådf cTolws ansf\] k\|of\]u tyf cGo b\'Jo{jxf/

of\] jif{el/ g} ;/sf/ tyf dfcf\]jfbLaLr Jofks dfqfdf cfGtl/s åGå
rls{Psf\] lyof\] . b\'a} tkm{af6 c;+Vo ;j{;fwf/0f 3fOt\] ePsf lyP tyf
dfl/Psf lyP . s+uf\]l:yt ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3sf\] zflGt bndf sfo{/t zfxL
g\]kfnL ;\]gfsf ;}lgs hjfg z+s/ sfsL{nfO{ d\] !\^ df cfkm\\gf\] 3/
s}nfnL lhNnfdf kms{g nfu\]sf a\]nf ;fbf kf\]zfs nufPsf !@ ;z:q
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ckx/0f u/\]/ df/\]sf lyP .

afd kIfw/ clvn g\]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq ljwfyL{ o\'lgog;Fu cfa4 tLg hgf
laBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;}lgs hjfgn\] s\~rgk\'/ lhNnfdf /x\]sf\] ;/sf/L SofDk;sf\]
xftfleq k;\]/ clk\|n #) df uf\]nL xfg\]sf lyP . tL 3fO{t\] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{
kl5 pkrf/sf\] nflu jL/\]Gb\| ;}lgs c:ktfndf egf{ u/LPsf\] lyof\] /
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]un\] ;/sf/nfO{ lgMz\'Ns cf}iflw pkrf/ ug{ /
Ifltk\"lt{ afkt x/\]s laBfyL{nfO{ %) xhf/ ?lkofF pknAw u/fpg l;kmfl/z
u/\]sf\] lyof\] . t/ jif{sf\] cGo;Dddf ;/sf/n\] s;}nfO{ klg
Ifltk\"lt{sf\] /sd k\|fKt ePsf\] lyPg .

;\'b\"/ klZrddf cjl:yt s}nfnL lhNnfsf\] wgu9Ldf h\'g !# df z+sf:kb
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] tLghgf ;Zf:q k\|x/L ansf hjfgx¿sf \>LdtLx¿nfO{ anfTsf/
u/\]/ df/\]sf lyP . ;fy} Ps jifL{o afns tyf b\'O{ ;a{;fwf/0fnfO{ klg
pgLx¿n\] df/\]sf lyP . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] w\]/}h;f\] /fhgLlts g\]tfx¿,
:yfgLo a\'l4hLjLx¿, lzIfsx¿, :yfgLo txsf ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx¿, tyf z+sf:kb
;\'/fsLx¿nfO{ b\'Mv lbg\] tyf cfqmd0f nlIot ug\]{ u/\]sf\] kfOPsf\]
lyof\] . - v08 != P x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_

g\]kfn sDo\'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf\]jfbLsf cWoIf k\|r08n\] h\'g !( df bf\]ifL
g} eP klg s\'g} klg lgz:q JolQmnfO{ ef}lts sf/afxL gug{ cfb\]z lbPsf lyP
. t/ klg dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] h\'g @! df rf/ hgf lgz:q JolQmx¿nfO{ df/\]sf
lyP h;df b\'O{ hgf l;/fxf lhNnfsf g\]kfnL sfFu\]\|; k\|hftflGqssf
sfo{stf{ lyP .

;\]K6\]Da/ !# df tLg dlxgfsf\] PstkmL{ o\'4lj/fdsf\] ;dodf klg
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] uf\]/vf lhNnfsf gj/fh yklnofnfO{ ;\]K6\]Da/ !! df ckx/0f
u/\]kl5 df/\]sf lyP .

of\] jif{el/ g} ePsf c;+Vo ckx/0fsf 36gfx¿df dfcf\]jfbLx¿ lhDd\]jf/ lyP
. O{G;\]ssf\] k\|ltj\]bg cg\';f/ ;g\\ !((\^ sf\] km\]a\|\'c/L !# b\]lv
of\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Ddsf\] cjlwdf dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] \$\^,&%( hgfnfO{ ckx/0f
u/\]sf lyP h;dWo\]\] \*,\^(# hgf clxn\];Dd klg a\]kQf g} 5g\\ .

of\] jif{el/ dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] cfkm\\gf\] k\|lzIf0fdf nfg tyf 5fkfdf/
tfnLdsf nflu ;j{;fwf/0f , ljBfyL{x¿ tyf lzIfsx¿nfO{ ckx/0f ug\]{ qmd
a9fPsf lyP . km\]a\|\'c/L ! b\]lv l8;\]Da/ \^ ;Dd dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\]
laBfnox¿af6 !!,#(& hgf laBfyL{x¿ tyf @,\*!) hgf lzIfsx¿nfO{ ckx/0f
u/\]sf lyP tyf b\]zsf bh{gf} ljBfnox¿df ad ljikmf\]6 u/fPsf lyP .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ;8ssf\] aLrdf tyf 5\]p5fpdf k\|x/L, ;}lgs / ;/sf/L ;jf/L
;fwgx¿nfO{ Iflt k\'¥ofpg af?bL ;\'/Ësf\] k\|of\]u u/\]sf lyP h;af6 w\]/}
;j{;fwf/0f 3fOt\] eP - v08 ! P x\]g\'{xf\]; \_

dWodf\~rnsf\] ;nf{xL lhNnfdf clk\|n !) tfl/vdf Pp6f ofq\'afxs a; af?bL
;\'¿Ë ljikmf\]6df kbf{ Ps afns ;lxt slDtdf % ;j{;fwf/0f dfl/P, @& hgf
3fOt\] eP . To:t} dWoklZrdf\~rn s} lrtjg lhNNffsf\] df8L If\]qdf h\'g \^
tfl/vdf dfcf\]jfbLn\] Ps ljB\'tLo w/fk ljikmf\]6 u/fpFbf tLg zfxL
g\]kfnL ;\]gf ;lxt #( hgf dfl/Psf lyP . ;f\] cfqmd0fdf cGo &) hgf 3fOt\]
ePsf lyP . To:t} sfe\|\] lhNnfdf h\'g !) tfl/vdf dfcf\]jfbLn\] Ps
ofq\'afxs a;df af?bL ;\'?Ë ljikmf\]6 u/fpFbf 5 hgf ;\'/IffsdL{ / b\'O{
;j{;fwf/0f dfl/Psf lyP .

cGt/f{li6«o /\]8qm;n\] slxn\]sfFxL dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ pgLx¿n\] sAhf u/L
lx/f;tdf /fv\]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ /\]8qm;sf\] lhDdf nufpg ;xdt u/fpg ;kmn
ePsf lyP . dfcf\]jfbLn\] ;\]K6\]Da/ & df sAhf u/\]sf em08} &) hgf
l;kfxLx¿nfO{ ;\]K6\]Da/ !\$ tfl/vdf cGt/fli6«o /\]8qm;sf\] lhDdf nufPsf
lyP .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ;}lgs Jof/\]sx¿df ;+fs\]lts cfqmd0f ug\]{ qmddf
afnaflnsf ;lxt ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ dfgj 9fnsf\] ?kdf k\|of\]u u/\]sf lyP .
åGådf ;+nUg b\'a} kIfn\] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;\"rgfafxssf\] ?kdf k\|of\]u
u/\]sf lyP .

km\]a\|\'c/L !\$ tfl/vsf lbg dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] k\|zf;gnfO{ ;xof\]u
k\'¥ofPsf\] cf/f\]kdf ?s\'d lhNnfsf 5 a6f ljBfno Wj:t kf/\]sf lyP .
To:t} km\]a\|\'c/L @) tfl/vdf dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] dWo--klZrdf\~rnsf\] afFs\]
lhNnfsf kfFrj6f ljBfnon\] pgLx¿n\] cfJxfg u/\]sf\] ......z}lIfs x8tfnÚÚ
pNnª\\3g u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf tL ljBfnox¿df ad ljikmf\]6 u/fPsf lyP .
;f\]xL lbg dfcf\]jfbLn\] g\]kfnu\~hl:yt d\]l8sn sn\]hsf\] å/df Pp6f
zlQmzfnL ad ljikmf\]6 u/fPsf lyP h;af6 tLg ;j{;fwf/0f 3fOt\] ePsf lyP .

km\]a\|\'c/L @% tfl/v otf alb{of lhNnfdf ha/h:tL #&) j6f ljBfnonfO{ aGb
u/fpg nufPsf / To;af6 sl/a ! nfv ljBfyL{ k\|efljt ePsf lyP .

To:t}, km\]a\'\|c/L @\^ tfl/vdf dfcf\]jfbLn\] tfKn\]h\'Ë lhNnfdf
/x\]sf\] Pp6f k/LIff s\]Gb\|df cfuf\] nufPsf lyP eg\] clk\|n @ df bfª
lhNnfsf\] csf\]{ kl/Iff s\]Gb\|df klg cfuf\] nufPsf lyP .

To:t}, clk\|n !\$ tfl/vdf dfcf\]jfbL lgs6 ljBfyL{ ;+u7g clvn
qmflGtsf/Ln\] cfJxfg u/\]sf\] z}lIfs x8tfnsf sf/0f b\]ze/sf lghL tyf
cfjf;Lo ljBfnox¿ aGb ePsf lyP . clvn qmflGtsf/Ln\] k6s--k6s lx+;fTds
?kdf z\'Ns 36fpg, kf7\\oqmd kl/jt{g ug{ / /fli6«o ufg ufpg\] sfo{df
k\|ltjGw nufpg bafa lbg\] uy\]{ . st}--st} dfcf\]jfbLn\] wfld{s kj{x¿df
lbO{g\] ljbfnfO{ gdfGg klg ljBfnox¿nfO{ bjfa lbPsf lyP . - v08 @ ;L
x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

d\] dlxgfdf dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf\] k\|lzIf0f sfo{qmd
tyf n8fs\' b:tf;DaGwL tflnd lbgsf nflu afun\'Ësf em08} @)) / kfNkfsf !%)
ljBfnox¿nfO{ aGb ug{ bjfj lbP . :yfgLo k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf cg\';f/,
To; If\]qsf ljBfnox¿ b\'O{ xKtfkl5 v\'n\]sf lyP .

dfcfjfbLn\] a\]nf--a\]nfdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf If\]qLo
;ldltx¿;Fu ;Demf}tf ug{ bjfj lbg lgoldt ?kdf /fxt ljt/0fdf ;+nUg
;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;j{;fwf/0f;Dd k\'\'Ugaf6 /f\]s\]sf lyP .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] Jofkf/L tyf hflu/bf/x¿sf ;fy} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;Fu
lgoldt ?kdf rGbf p7fpg\] sfd u/\] . sf\]xL JolQm jf sDkgLn\] k};f lbg
OGsf/ u¥of\] jf lbg ;s\]g eg\] pgLx¿n\] jf/Daf/ lx+;fTds z}nLdf abnf
lng\] u/\] . pbfx/0fsf nflu, cui6 !& df dfcf\]jfbLn\] dfu u/\]sf\] rGbf
lbg OGsf/ u/\] kl5 Hoflt l:klgª ldndf ad ljikmf\]6 u/fpg\'sf ;fy}
ToxfFsf\] e08f/df /x\]sf tof/ tyf sRrf kbfy{ / pks/0fx¿nfO{ Wj:t agfP .

dfcf\]jfbLn\] k6s--k6s oftfoft nufotsf cfly{s If\]qdf ank\"j{s sfd jGb
ug\]{ h:tf 3f\]if0ff ugf{n\] To;af6 ljz\]if u/L sfdbf/nfO{ lgs} dsf{
k/\]sf\] lyof\] .

h\'nfO{ / cui6 dlxgfdf dfcf\]jfbL ;dly{t dhb\'/ o\'lgogn\] oftfoft x8tfn
/ k\"jL{ g\]kfnsf lrof aufgx¿df x8tfnsf\] cfof\]hgf u/\] h;af6 em08} bz
nfv ?lkofF b}lgs 3f6f nfUof\] To;af6 b}lgs Hofnbf/Ldf sfd ug\]{ @% xhf/
dhb\'/x¿n\] sfd kfPgg\\ / ahf/df cefj b\]vf k¥of\] . - v08 \^
x\]g\'{xf\]; \_

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] k\|x/L tyf ;}lgs ;\]jfdf nfu\]sfx¿sf\] kl/jf/x¿ /
/fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ nufot xhf/f}+ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ pgLx¿sf\] 3/
5f8\\g afWo kf/\]sf 36gfx? klg ;g\\ @))% df hfgsf/Ldf cfP . - v08x¿ ! P,
! Pkm, / @ 8L x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

clk\|n dlxgfdf, dfcf\]jfbLn\] /fd\]5fk lhNnfdf &) jlif{o xl/k\|;fb
uf}tdnfO{ pgLx¿n\] dfu\]sf\] rGbf lbg g;s\] kl5 pgnfO{ 3/ 5f8\\g jfWo
kfg{ uf\]nL xfGg\'sf ;fy} t/jf/ k\|xf/ u/\] . dfcf\]jfbLn\] a:t\'efp
dfg{\'sf ;fy} 3/df cfuf\] nufO lbPsf lyP . zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] xjfO
p4f/af6 sf7df8f} NofO{ pxfFsf\] hLjg rflxF arfof\] .

h\'nfO{ \^ tfl/vdf kfFry/ lhNnfsf ?lSd0fL u\'?Ë / lghsf kltnfO{ ev{/}
dfq zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfdf egf{ ePsf\] 5f\]/f;Fu} a:g hf eg\]/
dfcf\]jfbLn\] ank\"j{s 3/ 5f8\\g afWo kf/\] .

h\'nfO{ @% tfl/vdf l/km\\o\'hL OG6/g\]zgn gfds z/0fyl{ ;DaGwL ;+:yfn\]
lbPsf\] hfgsf/L cg\';f/ of\] jif{ dfcf\]jfbLn\] pgLx¿sf\] ;}lgs b:tfdf
egf{ ug{ Pp6f kl/jf/af6 Ps hgf afns lbg\' kg\]{ gLlt ank\"j{s nfu\" ug{
yfn\]kl5 To;af6 aRg w\]/} dflg; ef/tdf k:g afWo eP .

v08 @ gful/s :jtGqtfsf\] ;Ddfg , To; cGtu{t M

s \_ cleJolQm tyf k\|\]; :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] k\|\]; tyf cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf\] Joj:yf u/\] klg ;/sf/n\] o:tf
clwsf/x¿ dfly k\|ltjGw nufPsf\] lyof\] / o:tf\] k\|ltjGwdf ;+s6sfn / To;
kl5 klg j\[l4 ePsf\] lyof\] . sfg\'gn\] /fHosf\] ;j{ef}ldstf / Pstfdf
cf3ft kfg\]{, ljleGg hft hfltsf dflg;x¿aLrsf\] ;DaGwdf vnn kfg\]{,
3\[0ff / åf\]if km}nfpg\], cbfntsf\] dfgxfgL ug\]{ cyjf ck/fw cyjf
;fj{hlgs hLjg tyf g}ltstfdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg\]{ Jojxf/ h:tf s\'/fdf
cleJolQm lbg jf n\]Vg klxn\]b\]lv g} /f\]s nufPsf\] lyof\] .

cS6f\]a/ @! tfl/vdf ;/sf/n\] ;\~rf/ dfWoddfly k\|ltjGw nufpg\]
k\|fjwfgx¿ ;lxtsf\] ;\~rf/ cWofb\]z hf/L u¥of\] . h\]g\]efl:yt dfgj
clwsf/ tyf ljlwsf\] zf;gsf If\]qdf sfo{/t cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn\]
l8;\]Da/ dlxgfdf hf/L u/\]sf\] Ps k\|ltj\]bgdf ;f\] cWofb\]zdf lghL
/\]l8of\] :6\]zgx¿df ;dfrf/ k\|;f/0fsf ;fy} ;dfrf/ ;fdfu\|Ldf /fhf /
/fhkl/jf/sf ;b:osf\] cnf\]rgf ug\]{, ljb\]zL ;dfrf/ ;\|f\]tdf cfwfl/t
eP/ ;dfrf/ k\|zf/0f ug\]{, ;/sf/ lgolGqt k\|\]; sfplG;nnfO{ kqsf/ k\]\|;
kf;nfO{ vf/\]h ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg\] clwsf/ lbg\] / ;/sf/sf\]
lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfnf\]rgf ub}{ cfPsf\] sflGtk\'/ klAns\]zg k\|f=nL=nfO{
nlIot u/L Pp6} ;+:yfsf\] :jfldTjdf w\]/} k\|sf/sf - 5fkf, /\]l8of\] tyf
6\]lnlehg \_ ;\~rf/ dfWod ;\~rfng ug{ gkfpg\] h:tf k\|fjwfgx¿ /x\]sf
5g\\ . ;f\] cWofb\]z hf/L eP nut} ;z:q kmf}hn\] sflGtk\'/ Pk\\mPd\\df
5fkf df/L e\"pku\|x dfkm{t ;Gb\]z k\|zf/0f ug\]{ pks/0fx¿ hkmt u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . To:t} gf\]e\]Da/ @! tfl/vdf ;/sf/n\] ;u/dfyf Pkm Pddf 5fkf
df/\]/ kfFrhgf sd{rf/LnfO{ s\]xL ;do lx/f;tdf /fVg\'sf ;fy} pks/0fx¿ klg
hkmt u/\]sf\] lyof\] . kl5 ;/sf/n\] tL pks/0fx¿ sflGtk\'/ / ;u/dfyf Pkm
PdnfO{ lkmtf{ u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cS6f\]a/ @! tfl/vs} lbg ;/sf/n\] gofF lgjf{rg cfrf/ ;+lxtf nfu\" u¥of\]
h;n\] lgjf{rg;DaGwL ;dfrf/ ;+sng sfo{df ;\~rf/ :jtGqtfnfO{ s\'l07t ug\]{
p2\]Zo /fv\]sf\] lyof\] . pbfx/0fsf\] nflu, cfrf/;+lxtfdf s\'g}
pDd\]bjf/n\] ljkIfLdfly ufnL u/\]sf\] s\'/f k\|;f/0f gug{ / s\'g} klg
kf6L{sf\] g\]tf tyf pDd\]b\\jf/n\] af\]n\]sf\] s\'/f cIf/zM 5fKg\' kg\]{
h:tf k\|fjwfgx¿ 5g\\ . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] klg kqsf/nfO{ wDsfpg\] tyf dfg\]{
sfd u/\]/ :jtGq k\|\];dfly k\|ltjGw yf\]k/\]sf lyP .

o; afx\]s, 5fkfvfgf tyf k\|sfzg P\]gn\] /fhf cyjf /fhkl/jf/sf
;b:ox¿k\|lt cgfbf/ ug\]{ , zflGt, ;\'/Iff eË ug\]{, /fhf cyjf, b\]zsf\]
/fli6«o Pstf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf k\|lt cgfbf/ ug\]{, ljleGg hfthflt tyf wd{ /
;d\'bfoaLr ;b\\efj e8\\sfpg\] cyjf ;fj{hlgs ;bfrf/ / g}ltstfdf c;/
kfg\]{ vfnsf ;dfrf/x¿ ;+k\|\]if0f ug{ jGb\]h nufPsf\] 5 . pQm P\]g
cGtu{t sfg\'gL sf/jfxL ePsf\] s\'g} 36gf jif{el/ g} lyPg tfklg cui6
dlxgfdf ;\"rgf tyf ;\~rf/ dGqLn\] sflGtk\'/ / c+u\|\]hL efiffsf\] elugL
k\|sfzg lb sf7df8f}+ kf\]i6 tyf sflGtk\'/ k\|sfzgsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ k\|yd
k\[i7df /fhfnfO{ JoË u/\]/ sf6\'g{ k\|sflzt u/\]sf\]df sf/jfxL ug\]{
s\'/f ;fj{hlgs ?kdf JoQm u/\]sf lyP . t/ s:tf\] vfnsf\] sf/jfxL ug\]{
eg\] pgn\] v\'nfPsf lyPgg\\ . ljleGg ;dodf k\|x/L / k\|d\'v lhNnf
clwsf/Lx¿n\] klqsfsf ;Dkfbsx¿nfO{ s\]xL n\]vx¿sf\] ljifodf af\]nfpg\] /
y\'gfdf /fVg\] wDsL lbg\] sfd u/\]sf lyP .

pQm P\]gn\] ljb\]zL k\|sfzgx¿nfO{ aGb ug\]{ cfwf/x¿ klg pknAw u/fpF5
tfklg ljb\]zL klqsfx¿ k\|r\'/ dfqfdf kfOg\] uy\]{, / jif{el/df s\'g} klg
kqklqsfnfO{ aGb ug\]{ jf ;\]G;/ ug\]{ sfd ePsf\] lyPg . ljb\]zL 5fkf
;\~rf/ dfWodsf k\|ltlglwx¿ g\]kfndf /x\]/ tL ;\~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;\"rgf
pknAw u/fO{/x\]sf 5g\\ / pgLx¿nfO{ s\'g} /f\]s6f\]s lagf g} sfd ug\]{
cf1f lbOPsf\] lyof\] .

;+s6sfnsf\] 3f\]if0ff kl5 klg ;\~rf/sf lghL dfWodx¿ lgs} ;zQm /x\] /
logn\] ;a}vfn\] ljrf/x¿nfO{ ;d\]6\]sf lyP . ;+s6sfn nufO{Pkl5 s\]xL
xKtfx¿;Dd zfxL 3f\]if0ff lj¿4sf ;dfrf/x¿ 5fk\]sf lyPgg\\ . ljleGg
/fhgLlts ljrf/x¿ ;dfj\]z ul/Psf g\]kfnL tyf c+u\|\]hL efiffsf xhf/f}+
kqklqsfx¿ pknAw lyP h;n\] ljleGg vfn\] /fhgLlts ljrf/x¿ cufl8 NofPsf lyP
. ;/sf/åf/f ;\~rflnt g\]kfnL efiffsf\]\] uf\]/vfkq b}lgs tyf t\];\|f\]
7\"nf\] c+u\|\]hL b}lgs b /fO{lhË g\]kfnn\] ;/sf/sf gLltsf af/\]df
hfgsf/L lbg\]uYof\]{ .

k\|\];sf\] :jtGqtfsf\] kIfdf cfGbf\]ng ub}{ lgif\]lwt If\]qdf k\|j\]z
u/\]sf c;+Vo kqsf/x¿nfO{ k\|x/Ln\] kqm\]sf\] lyof\] . k\|x/Ln\] kqmfp
u/\]sf\] kqsf/x¿ ;a}nfO{ k\|foM @\$ 306fleq 5f\]l8lbPsf\] lyof\] . dfr{
& tfl/vdf k\|x/Ln\] kqsf/ sgsdl0f bLlIftnfO{ kqm\]/ rf/ 306f;Dd lx/f;tdf
/fv\]sf\] lyof\] / pxfFn\] To; a\]nf ug{\'ePsf\] lbNnLsf\] e\|d0fsf
qmddf dfcf\]jfbL g\]tfx¿;Fu e\]6\\g vf\]h\]sf\]af/\] ;f\]wk\'5 u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . k\|\]; :jtGqtfsf\] dfu ub}{ zflGtk\"0f{ h\'n\'\'; ul//x\]sf %)
hgf kqsf/x¿nfO{ h\'g \* tfl/vdf k\|x/Ln\] y\'g\]sf\] lyof\] . pgLx¿nfO{
lgif\]wf1f tf\]8\]sf\] / u}/sfg\'gL ?kdf e\]nf ePsf\] cf/f\]k nufO{Psf\]
lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] h\'g ( df ltgLx¿nfO{ 5f\]l8lbPsf\] lyof\] . h\'nfO{df
cGt/f{li6«o k\|\]; :jtGqtf tyf g\]kfnsf nflu cleJolQm :jtGqtf ;DaGwL
ld;gn\] pknAw u/fPsf\] k\|lta\]bgdf km\]a\|\'c/L ! sf\] sbd eGbf cufl8
;\~rf/ If\]qdf sfd ug\]{ !) xhf/ dflg;x¿dWo\] Ps xhf/ dflg;n\] klqsfsf\]
ljt/0fdf cfPsf\] sdL tyf lghL If\]qdf ;/sf/L lj1fkg 5fKg glbPsf\]n\]
cfkm\\gf\] hflu/ u\'dfpg\'k/\]sf\] lyof\] . cui6df ;/sf/L ;\~rf/
dfWodn\] nueu &) hgf kqsf/x¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf\] /fhgLlts ljrf/sf sf/0f
hflu/af6 lgisfl;t ul/lbPsf lyP . OG;\]ssf cg\';f/ dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] !((\^
otf !\$ hgf kqsf/x¿nfO{ df/\]sf\] hgfP ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] eg\] of\]
aif{ g} s\'g} klg kqsf/sf\] xTof ePsf\] hgfPgg\\ .

.

b\]zdf ;+s6sfn nfu\" ePsf\] km\]a\|\'c/L dlxgfsf\] z\'¿sf lbgx¿df
;/sf/n\] ;z:q ;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿ d\'Vo d\'Vo ;\~rf/ dfWodx¿df k7fP/ zfxL
3f\]if0ffsf lj¿4sf ;dfrf/x¿ k\|sfzg ug{ /f\]s nufPsf\] lyof\] . oLdWo\]
s\]xL clws\[tx¿n\] s\]xL ;DkfbsLo ;fdfu\|Lx¿nfO{ k\'gM bf\]xf\]¥ofP/
;\]G;/ u/\]sf lyP . b}lgs klqsfx¿n\] ;/sf/ ef}lts ?kdf g} klqsfdf pkl:yt
eP/ ePsf\] x:tIf\]k nueu Ps xKtf;Dd ;xg\'k/\]sf\] lyof\] eg\] ;fKtflxs
k\|sfzgx¿n\] nueu tLg xKtf;Dd ;}lgs clws\[tx¿sf\] /\]vb\]v
a\]xf\]g\'{k/\]sf\] lyof\] .

;+s6sfnsf\] ;dofjlwdf ;/sf/n\] s\]xL ;\~rf/ dfWodx¿nfO{ cfkm}+ ;\]G;/
u/\]/ k\|sfzg ug{ wDsL lbPsf lyP . km\]a\|\'c/L % tf/Lvdf sf7df8f}+
kf\]i6n\] :jtGqtfdf nufO{Psf\] aGb\]hsf\] lj?4 df\]hfsf\] dxTjaf/\]
;DkfbsLo 5fk\]sf\] lyof\] .

km\]a\|\'c/L @# tf/Lvdf sf7df8f}+sf k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln\] kfFr hgf
g\]kfnL efiffdf k\|sflzt ;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbsx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n\] nufPsf\]
k\|ltaGwsf\] la/f\]wdf cfkm\\gf\] k\|sfzgx¿df vfnL 7fFp 5f\]8LlbPsf\]
af/\] ;f\]wk\'5 ug{ af\]nfPsf lyP .

;+s6sfn x6fOP kl5 ;/sf/n\] dfcf\]jfbLx¿nfO{ a9fjf lbg\] cyjf
km\]a\|\'c/L ! sf\] zfxL 3f\]if0ffsf\] lj¿4 s\'g} klg n\]vx¿ k\|sfzg
dflysf\] /f\]s sfod} lyof\] t/ klg sf7df8f}+sf kqsf/x¿n\] o:tf ljifodf
s\'g} vf; ;\]G;/ gul/sg} ;dfrf/ k\|sflzt u/\]sf lyP . /fhfsf\]
km\]a\|\'c/L ! sf\] 3f\]if0ff gdfGg\] klqsfx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n\] lj1fkg pknAw
u/fpg aGb u¥of\] h;n\] ubf{ cGo s\]xL klqsfsf\] lj1fkgaf6 x\'g\]
cfDbfgLdf sdL cfof\] .

k\|;f/0f ;DaGwL k\|rlnt P\]gn\] lghL 6\]lnlehg tyf Pkm=Pd= /\]l8of\]nfO{
k\|;f/0f ug{ cg\'dlt lbPsf\] 5 . ;/sf/L:t/sf b\'O{ j6f 6\]lnlehg
:6\]zgx¿ 5g\\ M g\]kfn 6LeL tyf g\]kfn 6LeL d\]6«f\] . ;/sf/ lgolGqt
Pp6f /\]l8of\] :6\]zg 5 h;n\] ;6{j\]e tyf PkmPddf k\|;f/0f u5{ . \$& j6f
:jtGq /\]l8of\] :6\]zgx¿n\] cfkm\\gf\] ;\]jf z\'¿ ul/;s\]sf lyP h;nfO{
() k\|ltzt hgtfn\] ;\'Gg;Sy\] . km\]a\|\'c/L ! ;Dd lghL:t/sf PkmPd
:6\]zgx¿nfO{ lbgdf Ps k6s eP klg ;/sf/L ;dfrf/ k\|;f/0f ug{\'kg\]{
jfWotf lyof\] t/ ltgLx¿nfO{ :jtGq ?kdf ;+sng u/\]sf ;dfrf/x¿ k\|;f/0f
ug{ cg\'dlt lbO{Psf\] lyof\] . ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] ;g\\ !((( df k\|;f/0f
kqsfl/tfnfO{ klg 5fkf ;\~rf/ dfWod ;/x dfGotf lbg\'k5{ eg\]/ km};nf
u/\]sf\] eP klg km\]a\|\'c/L ! tf/Lvb\]lv cui6 !! ;Dd ;/sf/n\] ;a} PkmPd
:6\]zgx¿nfO{ ;dfrf/ k\|;f/0f ug{ /f\]s nufPsf\] lyof\] . :6\]zgx¿n\]
;\"rgf tyf dgf\]/\~hgsf sfo{qmdx¿ k\|;f/0f ug{ eg\] kfpFy\] . cui6 !! df
;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] ;/sf/åf/f lghL /\]l8of\] :6\]zgx¿n\] ;dfrf/ k\|;f/0f
ug{ /f\]s nufpg\] sfo{sf\] la¿ådf cfb\]z hf/L u/\\of\] . clGtd km};nf
s\'l//x\]sf\] a\]nf ;jf\]{Rr cbfntsf\] ;f\] cfb\]zn\] PkmPd /\]l8of\]
:6\]zgx¿nfO{ k\'gM ;dfrf/ k\|;f/0f ug{ cg\'dlt kfPsf lyP / To;a\]nf !&
:6\]zgx¿n\] cui6 !! tf/Lvb\]lv ;dfrf/ k\|;f/0f ug{ z\'¿ u/\] .

km\]a\|\'c/Lsf\]\]\] zfxL sbdkl5 ;/sf/n\] aLaL;L, kmS; Go\'h, tyf l;PgPg
afx\]ssf ;a} ljb\]zL 6\]lnlehg tyf /\]l8of\] Rofgnx¿nfO{ k\|;f/0f ug{
/f\]s nufPsf\] lyof\] . h\'g !@ tf/Lvdf gofF lbNnLaf6 k\|;fl/t g\]kfn
jfgsf Pshgf l/kf\]6/sf\] dfcf\]jfbL;Fu ulx/f\] ;DaGw ePsf\] c/f\]kdf
;f\] Rofgn afx\]ssf cGo ;a} Rofgnx¿nfO{ k\|;f/0f ug{ /f\]s nufO{Psf\]
lyof\] . of\]eGbf cl3 ;/sf/n\] ljb\]zL /\]l8of\] k\|;f/0f ug{, lghL
s\]jn g\]6js{ ;\~rfng ug{, cyjf 6\]lneLhg :of6\]nfO{6 l8:s lsGg s\'g}
aGb\]h nufPsf\] lyPg . ;/sf/n\] aLaL;L c+u\|\]hL /\]l8of\] ;\]jfsf\]
k\|;f/0fnfO{ /f\]s nufPsf\] lyof\] / o;sf\] !% ldg\]6sf\] ;dfrf/
k\|;f/0fsf 7fpFdf ;+uLt ahfOPsf\] lyof\] . t/ aLaL;Lsf\] ;6{j\]esf\]
k\|;f/0f eg\] lg/Gt/ ?kdf kfpg ;lsGYof\] .

g\]kfndf clxn\] tLgj6f Ohfht k\|fKt 6\]lnlehg s\]Gb\| b\]zdf ;\~rfngdf
/x\]sf 5g\\ . dgf\]/\~hgfTds sfo{qmdsf ;fy} ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k\|;f/0f
x\'g\] 5nkmn sfo{qmddf ;/sf/sf\] gLlt cflbsf af/\]df ;dLIff tyf
l6sf6LKk0fL x\'g\] u/\]sf\] 5 . ef/tLo, lrlgofF / kfls:tfgL 6\]lnlehg
k\|;f/0fx¿ klg b\]zsf ljleGg x\]g{ ;lsGYof\] .

;\]K6Da/ !( tfl/vdf dWo--klZrdf\~rn lhNnfsf\] b}n\]vdf ;/sf/L
clwsf/Lx¿n\] ToxfFsf sflGtk\'/sf ;Djfbbftf xl/x/l;+x /f7f}/nfO{
dfcf\]jfbLx¿;Fu ldn\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf kqmfp ug{ cftÍsf/L tyf ljWjª;fTds
P\]gnfO{ k\|of\]u u/\]sf lyP . /f7f}/n\] eg\] To; lsl;dsf\] cf/f\]knfO{
c:jLsf/ ub}{\] tYodf cfwfl/t ;dfrf/ k\|;f/0f u/\]sf sf/0f dfcf\]jfbLn\]
/ ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] cfkm\"nfO{ b\'Mv lbPsf\] atfpg\'ePsf\] lyof\] .
:yfgLo dfcf\]jfbL / ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] wDSofPsf\] eGb} ToxfFsf em08} Ps
bh{g eGbf a9L kqsf/x¿n\] lhNnf 5f8\]sf lyP . ;\]S6\]Da/ @! df g\]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3 / cGt/f{li6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3sf k\|ltlglwx¿n\] ;kmntfk\"j{s
jftf{ ;DkGg u/L /f7f}/nfO{ d\'Qm u/\]sf lyP .

cS6f\]a/ \$ tfl/vdf lx/f;tdf /x\]sf /fli6«o :jfledfg gfds klqsfsf
;Djfbbftf dx\]Zj/ kxf8LnfO{ y\'gfdf /x\]sf\] cj:yfdf 6fO{kmfO{8 ePkl5
klg clwsf/Lx¿n\] plrt cf}iflw pkrf/ ug{ glbPsf sf/0f y\'gfdf g} d\[To\'
eof\] . kqsf/x¿sf\] /Iffsf\] nflu vf\]lnPsf\] Ps ;ldltsf cg\';f/
kxf8LnfO{ cft+sjfblj?4sf\] P\]g cGtu{t y\'gfdf /flvPsf\] lyof\] . ;g\\
@))! df of\] P\]g nfu\" eP kl5 kqsf/x¿nfO{ y\'gfdf /fVg o;sf\] k\|of\]u
ul/b} cfPsf\] 5 . sfg\'gn\] ;\'g\'jfO{ geO{sg 5 dlxgf eGbf a9L y\'gfdf
/fVg gkfO{g\] ePsf\]n\] ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] hgj/L @))\$ kl5 kxf8LnfO{
rf/ k6s 5f8\\g\] / km\]l/ kqmg\] u/\]sf lyP . d\] dlxgfdf kxf8LnfO{
h\]naf6 5f\]l8lbPsf\] lyof\] / pgnfO{ h\]n kl/;/af6} km\]l/ kqmfp
ul/Psf\] lyof\] - v08 !=P x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_ .

;+s6sfn cjlwe/ jf x6fO{Pkl5 klg ;/sf/n\] O{G6/g\]6 ;\]jfdf /f\]s
nufPsf\] dfgj clwsf/jfbLx¿ tyf /fhgLlt1x¿n\] atfPsf lyP . ;/sf/sf\]
kIfdf gePsf / jflx/ b\]zx¿af6 ;\~rflnt, dfcf\]jfbLåf/f ;\~rflnt
j\]e;fO{6 ;lxt @) eGbf a9L j\]e;fO{6x¿nfO{ ;/sf/n\] /f\]s nufPsf\]
lyof\] - v08 !=Pk\\m x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_ .

of\] jif{el/ z}lIfs :jtGqtfnfO{ ;Lldt kfg{ eg\] ;/sf/sf\] tkm{af6 s\'g}
sf\]lz; ePg .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] cleJolQm :jtGqtfnfO{ cg\'dlt glbg\'sf ;fy} 5fkf tyf
k\|;f/0fsf dfWodx¿dfly s8f ¿kdf /f\]s nufPsf lyP . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] lghL
PkmPd /\]l8of\] :6\]zgx¿nfO{ dfcf\]jfbLsf ljrf/x¿ k\|rf/--k\|;f/ ug{
bafj lbPsf lyP ;fy} dfcf\]jfbLx¿ cfkm}+n\] klg df\]afO{n PkmPd /\]l8of\]
:6\]zg vf\]n\]sf lyP h;sf\] dfWodaf6 dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] cfkm\\gf egfOx¿nfO{
k\|rf/ k\|;f/ ug\]{ u/\]sf lyP .

¿s\'d lhNnfdf, dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] hgj/L \# tfl/vdf aLaL;L;Fu ;DalGwt Ps
kqsf/ tyf csf{ km\]Gr kqsf/nfO{ hf;\"; ePsf\] cleof\]u nufO{ pgLx¿;Fu
ePsf ;fdfgx¿ n\'6\]sf lyP ;fy} pgLx¿n\] ;f\] If\]q 5f8\]/ guP dfg\]{
wDsL ;d\]t lbPsf lyP .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] kfNkf lhNnfdf ePsf\] g\]kfn 6\]lneLhgsf\] 6«fG;ld;g
:6\]zgdfly d\] !\* tfl/vdf xdnf u/L gf\]S;fg k\'¥ofPsf lyP .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] Onfd a:g\] kqsf/ ;f\]d zdf{nfO{ ckx/0f u/\]/ %\^ lbg;Dd
cfkm\";Fu /fv\]kl5 !) hgfnfO{ 5f\]l8lbPsf lyP . ToxL lhNnfdf
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] pgs} 3/df gh/aGb u/\]/ /fv\]sf /\]l8of\] g\]kfnsf
;+jfbbftf pd\]z u\'¿ËnfO{ 5f\]l8lbPsf lyP . g\]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n\]
ltgLx¿sf\] l/xfO{sf\] nflu dfcf\]jfbLx¿;Fu jftf{ u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] z}lIfs :jtGqtfdf /f\]s nufP, lg/Gt/ ¿kdf lghL ljBfnox¿
tyf lzIfsx¿af6 k};f cz\'Ng\] tyf ljBfnosf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ha/h:tL b08
lbg\] uy{\] . O{G;\]ssf cg\';f/, hgj/L ! b\]lv l8;\]Da/ \^ tfl/v;Dd
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] !!,#(& hgf ljBfyL{ tyf @,\*!) hgf lzIfsx¿nfO{ k\|lzIf0f
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL u/fpg ckx/0f u/\]sf lyP ;fy} b\]zsf ljleGg efudf /x\]sf
bh{gf} ljBfnox¿df ad k8\\sfPsf lyP - v08 !=hL x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_ .

tLg dlxgfsf\] o\'4 lj/fdsf\] cjlwdf klg b\]zsf ;\~rf/ dfWodx¿n\]
dfcf\]jfbLx¿åf/f sf7df8f}+ pkTosfeGbf aflx/ ckx/0f ug\]{, rGbf c;\'Ng\]
tyf wDsL lbg\] h:tf sfd lg/Gt/ ¿kdf eO{/x\]sf\] ;dfrf/ ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf
lyP .

v\_ zflGtk\"0f{ e\]nf tyf ;+ul7t x\'g\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] e\]nf x\'g\] / ;+ul7t x\'g\] :jtGqtf pknAw u/fPsf\] eP klg
Jojxf/df eg\] ;/sf/n\] of\] clwsf/dfly /f\]s nufof\] . km\]a\'\|c/L !
tyf ;+s6sfn x6fOP kl5 klg ;/sf/n\] b\]zsf\] ;j{ef}ldstf / ;Ddfgdf cfFr
cfpg glbg tyf zflGt ;\'Joj:yfdf vnn x\'g glbg\] axfgfdf e\]nf x\'g
kfpg\] :jtGqtf dfly lg/Gt/ /f\]s nufpFb} /x\\of\] .

e\]nf x\'g kfpg\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] e\]nf x\'g kfpg\] :jtGqtf lbPsf\] 5 t/ klg ;+s6sfnsf\] cjlw /
To;kl5 klg ;/sf/n\] k\|b{zgx¿ dfly /f\]s nufPsf\] eP klg b\]zsf ljleGg
efudf s\]xL 7\"nf k\|bz{gx¿ k\|foM eO/x\]sf lyP . jif{el/ ePsf\]
k\|bz{gx¿ s\]xL lx+;fTds k\|bz{gdf kl/0ft ePsf / k\|x/Ln\]
slxn\]sfFxLn\] k\|bz{gx¿nfO{ lg:t\]h kfg{ nf6\\7L k\|xf/;d\]t ug\]{
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cu:6 @% df /fhlj/fhdf ePsf\] ljBfyL{x¿sf\] lj/f\]w k\|bz{g lgoGq0f ug\]{
qmddf k\|x/Ln\] eL8df uf\]nL rnfpFbf glhs}af6 af6f\] lx+l8/x\]sf\] /
cfGbf\]ngdf ;xefuL gePsf Ps a6\'jf 3fOt\] ePsf lyP . k\|x/Ln\] Ps
k\|bz{gsf/Ln\] k\|x/L clws\[t dfly 9\'Ëf k\|xf/ ubf{ b\'3{6gfjz pgsf\]
jGb\'s k8\\sg uPsf\] hgfPsf\] lyof\] . ljBfyL{x¿n\] ;f\] uf\]nL k\|xf/
b\'3{6gf gePsf\] hgfPsf lyP . k\|x/Ln\] ;f\] 36gfsf\] cg\';Gwfg
ul//x\]sf\] atfP klg of\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf To; cg\';Gwfgdf s\]xL
k\|ult ePsf\] lyPg .

;\]K6Da/ !\* df :yfgLo dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx¿n\] /fhgLlts k6L{x¿åf/f
ul/Psf /fhgLlts k\|bz{gLx¿df hyfefjL ?kdf ePsf\] k\|x/L bdgaf/\] lrGtf
k\|s6 u/\]sf lyP . k\|x/Lx¿n\] u}/sfg\'gL?kdf lghL 3/x¿df k\|j\]z u/\]sf
/ zflGtk\"0f{ k\|bz{gLdf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ n6\\7L k\|xf/ ug\'{sf ;fy} Jofks
dfqfdf c\>\'Uof;sf\] k\|of\]u u/\]sf lyP . tL ;+:yfx¿n\] ;\]K6\]Da/ \$
b\]lv !\$ ;Ddsf\] cjlwdf !,%\^# JolQmnfO{ lu/km\\tf/ u/\]sf\] /
k\|b{zgsf qmddf @\$\* hgf k\|x/L / ;j{;fwf/0f 3fOt\] ePsf\] kfOPsf\]
hgfPsf lyP .

;\]K6\]Da/ !\$ tfl/vdf sf7df8f}sf k\|x/Ln\] k\|bz{gsf/L dfly k\|xf/
u/\]sf c\>\'Uof;sf sf/0f glhs}sf\] k\|fylds ljBfnosf !@ ljBfyL{x¿
a\]xf\]; x\'g k\'u\]sf lyP . ;f\]xL 36gfdf k\|x/L k\|bz{gsf/Lx¿nfO{
nv\]6\\b} c:ktfnsf\] zNolqmof sIfdf;Dd k\'u\]sf lyP . ;f\] 36gfdf 5 hgf
3fOt\] ePsf lyP kl5 lrlsT;sx¿n\] k\|x/LnfO{ ToxfFaf6 kms{g eg\]sf lyP .

;\]K6\]Da/ @) tfl/vdf dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL pRrfo\'Qmsf\] g\]kfnl:yt
sfof{non\] Ps lj1lKt k\|sflzt u/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aflx/sf s\]xL If\]qdf
;d\]t k\|bz{g ug{ gkfpg\] egL nufPsf\] k\|ltjGwsf\] lj/f\]w u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . ;fy} pQm sfof{non\] k\|x/Ln\] k\|bz{gnfO{ bjfpg\] k\|of; :j?k
cTolws an k\|of\]u u/\]sf\]df / cfGbf\]ngsf/Lx¿ klg k\|bz{gsf gfddf
lx+;fTds aGg yfn\]sf k\|lt klg rf;f\] b\]vfPsf\] lyof\] .

jif{el/ g} sf7df8f}+sf\] :yfgLo k\|zfzgn\] ltAatL ;d\'bfonfO{ bnfO
nfdfsf\] k\"hf ug\]{ nufotsf s\'g} klg ;fj{hlgs ;df/f\]x ug{af6 /f\]s
nufPsf\] lyof\] - v08 @ ;L x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

dfcf\]jfbLn\] gful/sx¿sf\] e\]nf x\'g kfpg\] clwsf/df cf3ft k\'¥ofP .
h\'nfO{ @\^ tfl/vdf dfcf\]jfbLn\] 8f\]6L lhNnfdf ePsf\] Pp6f ;fj{hlgs
e\]nfdf kfOk ad ljikmf\]6 u/fP h;df !\^ hgf 3fOt\] ePsf lyP . ;f\]
36gfaf6 cfqmf\]l;t ufpFn\]x¿n\] rf/ hgf dfcf\]jfbLx¿nfO{ ;dft\]/ ;\'/Iff
kmf}hnfO{ a\'emfO{lbPsf lyP t/ dfcf\]jfbLn\] abnf lng\] 8/n\] ufpFsf
a\[4, s\]6s\]6L, dlxnf nufotsf ;a}n\] ufpF 5f8\]/ glhssf\] hª\\un jf
lhNnf ;b/d\'sfddf uP . - v08 ! ;L x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

;+ul7t x\'g\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] ;+ul7t x\'g kfpg\] :jtGqtf pknAw u/fPsf\] eP klg ;/sf/n\]
km\]a\|\'c/L !df z\'? u/\]sf\] ;+s6sfnsf\] cjlw / ;f\] kl5 klg of\]
clwsf/ dfly /f\]s nufPsf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] b\]zsf\] ;fj{ef}ldstf /
cv08tfsf\] /IfflglDt ;+ul7t x\'g kfpg\] gful/s :jtGqtf dfly /f\]s
nufPsf\] atfpFb} cfPsf\] 5 .

;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n\] lh;;, afOan, lqmlirog cyjf rr{ h:tf gfdx¿ pNn\]v
ePsf s\'g} klg ;+:yfx¿nfO{ btf{ ug{ c:jLsf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . - v08 @ ;L
x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_ of\] ;d\"xsf JolQmx¿sf cg\';f/ o; lsl;dsf\] btf{ ug{
gkfpFbf rr{ lgdf{0f ug{ jf lrxfg agfpg pgLx¿n\] hUuf vl/b ug{ ;d\]t
gkfpg\] atfPsf 5g\\ . oL ;d\"xsf JolQmx¿n\] cfkm\\gf ;+:yfnfO{ u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfsf ?kdf dfq btf{ u/\]/ cfkm\\gf\] cf:yfnfO{ pkof\]u ug{ kfPsf 5g\\
.

u \_ wfld{s :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] ;a} vfn\] wfld{s :jtGqtf k\|bfg u/\]sf\] eP klg cNk;+Vos
wfld{s ;d\'bfosf dflg;x¿n\] k\|x/Ln\] pgLx¿nfO{ slxn\]sfFxL ;tfpg\]
u/\]sf\] atfPsf 5g\\ . s\]xL lqmlZrog ;d\'bfosf JolQmn\] wd{ kl/jt{g ug{
dflysf\] k\|ltjGwn\] u}/ lxGb\" wfld{s ljZjf;sf\] cleJolQmnfO{ s\'l07t
u/\]sf\] klg atfPsf 5g\\ . oxfFsf\] sfg\'gn\] g\]kfnnfO{ lxGb\" /fHosf\]
?kdf JofVof u/\]sf\] eP klg o;n\] lxGb\"TjnfO{ /fli6«o wd{sf ?kdf :yflkt
u/\]sf\] eg\] 5}g .

5fkfvfgf tyf k\|sfzg;DaGwL sfg\'gn\] ljleGg vfn\] hft / wd{dfGg\]
dflg;aLrsf\] lje\]b Nofpg\] vfnsf\] ;fdfu\|L k\|sfzgdf /f\]s nufPsf\] 5
.

s;}n\] wd{kl/jt{gsf\] k\|of; u/\]df p;nfO{ hl/jfgf tyf h\]n;Ddsf\] ;hfo
x\'g\] / o:tf\] sfo{ ug\]{ JolQm ljb\]zL ePdf p;nfO{ b\]z lgsfnf;Dd ug{
;lsg\] Joj:yf eP klg o; jif{df s;}nfO{ klg wd{ kl/jt{g u/\]sf\]
cleof\]udf kqmfp ul/Pg .

;g\\ @))@ df nufO{Psf\] k\|ltaGw kl5 k\|x/Ln\] ;\]K6\]Da/ @ tfl/vdf
sf7df8f}+df /x\]sf ltAatLnfO{ bnfO{ nfdfsf\] t:jL/ af\]sL ltAatL
k\|hftGq lbj; dgfpg /f\]s nufPsf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] ;a} lghL :yfgx¿ -
ljBfnosf\] rf}/ cyjf u\'Dafx¿ \_ df :yfgLo ltAatL kj{x¿ - ltAa\]tLog
gofF jif{, bnfO{ nfdfsf\] hGd lbg, k\|hftGq lbj;, tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgj
clwsf/ lbj;÷bnfO{ nfdfn\] gf\]j\]n zflGt k\'/:sf/ kfPsf\] pknIodf
dgfO{g\] \_ dgfpg k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] lyof\] .

;fdflhs b\'Jo{jxf/ tyf e\]befj

sfg\'gn\] k\|ltaGw nufPsf\] eP klg u\|fdL0f e\]\]ux¿df /x\]sf lxGb\'
dlGb/x¿ tyf s6\\6/ lxGb\' ;dfhsf\] /\]vb\]vdf ePsf lxGb\' dlGb/x¿df
hftLo e\]befjn\] ulx/f\] k\|efj kf/\]sf\] kfOG5 . cS6f\]a/ \# tfl/vdf
l;/fxf lhNnfdf blnt dlxnfx¿ Pp6f lxGb\'sf\] dlGb/df k;\]kl5 ufpFn\]x¿n\]
pgLx¿nfO{ k;ndf lsgd\]n ug{ / ;f\] ufpFdf pknAw ;\]jfx¿ pkef\]u ug{
/f\]s nufPsf lyP . ufpFn\]x¿n\] s\]xL lbgkl5 blnt dlxnfx¿nfO{ k;ndf
lsgd\]n ug{ lbP klg ltgLx¿nfO{ lxGb\' dlGb/x¿df hfg /f\]s nfpFb} cfP .
tL ufpFn\]x¿ lj¿4 s\'g} sf/jfxL ul/Pg .

;Kt/L lhNnfsf\] ;/sk\'/f ufpF ;ldltdf cS6f\]a/ !\^ tfl/vdf s\]xL pRr
hfltsf :yfgLo ufpFn\]x¿n\] ToxfFsf rf8kj{df 9f\]ns gahfPsf\] cf/f\]kdf
blnt ;d\'bfonfO{ gfsfaGbL nufPsf lyP . 5 hgf blnt kl/jf/x¿nfO{ :yfgLo
;8s k\|of\]u ug{ tyf rfdnsf\] ldndf, cf}iflw k;ndf tyf :yfgLo wf/fdf hfg
k\|ltaGw nufO{Psf\] lyof\] . s\]xL lbgkl5 ;demf}tf ePsf\] lyof\] /
blntx¿n\] rf8kj{x¿df 9f\]ns ahfpg z\'¿ u/\]sf lyP .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ljBfnodf rf8kj{x¿df labf glbg\] kfqf\] ...... hgtfsf\]
Sofn\]G8/ ÚÚ k\|of\]u ug{ bafa lbO{/x\]sf\] lgoldt hfgsf/L cfO/x\]sf\]
lyof\] . Pp6f lqmlZrog ;+:yfsf cg\'\'\';f/ k\"jL{ If\]qdf
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] cfkm\\gf\] k\|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf nflu luhf{3/sf\] rf}/
k\|of\]u ug{ lbg dfu u/\]sf lyP . rr{x¿n\] pgLx¿sf\] dfu gdfg\]kl5
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] tL rr{x¿ aGb ug{ bafa lbPsf lyP .

g\]kfn ox\'bL wd{ dfGg\] dflg;x¿ 5}gg\\ / ox\'bL lj¿4sf sfo{ sfg\'gx?
/x\]gg\\ .

lj:t\[t hfgsf/Lsf\] nflu cGt{/fli6«o [wd{ :jtGqtfsf\] k\|ltj\]bg @))%
x\]g{\'xf\];\\ [*2005 International Religious Freedom
Report*](http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/).]{.underline}

3\_ b\]zleq 3\'dlkm/ ug\]{, ljb\]z ofqf ug\]{, cWofudg tyf :jb\]zlkmtL{
ug{ kfpg\] :jtGqtf

sfg\'gn\] oL clwsf/x¿ pknAw u/fPsf\] eP klg ;/sf/n\] ;+s6sfnsf\] cjlwdf
/fHo leq ;d\]t lxF8\\8\'n ug{ kfpg\] :jtGqtfnfO{ /f\]s nufof\] . ;+s6sfn
x6\]kl5 klg ;/sf/n\] km\]a\|\'c/L ! / @ tfl/vdf ;a} :yfgLo tyf
cGt/f{li6«o p8fgx¿nfO{ /2 u/\]sf\] lyof\] . h;n\] ubf{ w\]/} dfgj
clwsf/jfbLx¿n\] tyf /fhlgtL1x¿ b\]zleq} cyjf b\]z aflx/ cfjthfjt ug{
kfPsf lyPgg\\ . OG;\]sn\] km\]a\|\'c/L % b\]lv h\'g @ tfl/vsf\] aLrdf
;/sf/n\] hgtfnfO{ sf7df8f+} pkTosf 5f\]8\]/ hfg glbPsf \$) j6f d\'2fx¿
/x\]sf\] hfgsf/L u/fof\] .

km\]a\|\'c/L @% tfl/vdf Pl;of clk\|msL hgPstf ;+u7gsf pkfWoIf nId0f
s\]=;L=nfO{ O{lhK6sf\] /fhwfgL sfo/f\]df ePsf\] ;efdf efu lng hfgaf6
;\'/Iff kmf}hx¿n\] /f\]s nufPsf lyP .

km\]a\|\'c/L @\^ tfl/vdf O{G;\]ssf cWoIf ;\'af\]w Kofs\'/\]nnfO{
g\]kfnu\~hdf ePsf\] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnddf hfgaf6 ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\]
/f\]s\]sf lyP .

;\]K6\]Da/ !@ tfl/vdf ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] g\]kfn sDo\'lgi6 kf6L{ Pdfn\]sf
dxf;lrjnfO{ bfªsf\] t\'n;Lk\'/df /x\]sf cfkm\\gf sfo{stf{x¿sf\] 3/df
hfgaf6 /f\]s\]sf\] lyof\] . ;g\\ @))! df dfcf\]jfbLn\] klxnf\] r/0fsf\]
jftf{ eË u/L bfªsf\] ;}lgs Jof/\]sdf cfqmd0f u/\] kl5 ToxfF ljxfgb\]lv
a\]n\'sf;Dd k\"/} ;do skm\\o\'{ nufOPsf\] lyof\] .

;/sf/n\] z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ b\]z jflx/ :jtGqk\"j{s lx+88\'n ug{ /f\]s
nufpFb} cfPsf\] 5 .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] oftfoft If\]qsf\] x8tfn ug{ bjfj lbg\] / ;fj{hlgs
;jf/Lsf ;fwgx¿df af?bL ;\'?Ësf\] k\|of\]u nufot b\]zleq} lx88\'n ug{
kfpg\] :jtGqtfnfO{ /f\]s nufPsf\] 5 . - v08 ! P / ! hL x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

sfg\'gn\] s;}nfO{ klg ank\"j{s b\]z lgsfnf ug{ /f\]s nufPsf\] 5 . of\]
jif{df o; lsl;dsf\] b\]z lgsfnfsf s\'g} 36gf ePgg\\ . ;/sf/n\] ljb\]zdf
hfg / ljb\]zdf /x\]sfnfO{ :jb\]z kms{g cg\'dlt lbof\] / /fhgLlts
sf/0faf6 s;}sf\] klg gful/stf vf/\]h ul/Pg .

cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflktx¿

dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xsf sf/0f cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt x\'g\] qmd lg/Gt/
?kdf ;d:of jGb} uPsf\] / o:tf lj:yflktx¿;DaGwL cg\'dflgt ;+Vof lgs}
j\[l4 x\'Fb} uPsf\] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿n\] Psb\]lv b\'O{ nfv;Dd
dflg;x¿ cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf\] cg\'dfg u/\]sf 5g\\ . pgLx¿sf\]
;+Vofdf olt w\]/} ljljwtf x\'g\'df o:tf lj:yflktx¿dWo\] w\]/}n\]
cfkmGtx¿sf\]df z/0f lnPsf / ;/sf/df btf{ ug\]{ tyf ;xfotf dfUg\] ;d\]t
gu/\]sf\] kfOg\' klg Pp6f sf/0f /x\]sf\] atfOG5 .

;/sf/n\] cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflktx¿nfO{ b\]z leqsf / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo
;+:yfx¿;Dd k\'Ug / pgLx¿af6 k\|fKt ;xof\]u lng 5\'6 lbPsf\] lyof\] .

jlsl8Pg OG6/g\]zgnsf cg\';f/ dWoklZrdf\~rnsf\] afFs\] lhNnfdf ljleGg
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 5 j6f cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflktx¿sf nflu lzlj/
rnfOPsf\] 5 . o:tf lzlj/x¿ ;g\\ @))) df :yfkgf ul/Psf / ltgdf ;ftb\]lv
cf7 xhf/ cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflktx¿ /x\]sf 5g\\ . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n\]
pgLx¿nfO{ cf}iflw, afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIff / cGo ;fdfgsf ;fy} c:yfoL
cfjf;sf\] ;d\]t Joj:yf u/\]sf lyP .

;\]K6\]Da/ !! df x\'Dnf lhNnfsf k\|d\'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln\] ToxfFsf\] Pp6f
vfnL vfBfGg e08f/nfO{ 3\]/fp u/L vfg\] s\'/fsf\] dfu ub}{ ;fj{hlgs
:yfgdf cj/f\]w pTkGg u/fPsf\] sf/0f b\]vfO{ @% hgf cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt
dlxnfx¿nfO{ tLg 306f;Dd y\'gfdf /fv\]sf lyP .

z/0ffyL{x¿sf\] ;+/If0f

z/0ffyL{x¿sf\] cj:yf ;DaGwL !(%! sf\] ;+o\'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dxf;lGw tyf
!(\^& sf\] cle;lGw cg\';f/ g\]kfndf z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ z/0f lbg\] s\'g}
sfg\'gL Joj:yf 5}g - v08 % x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_ t/ klg ;/sf/n\]
z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug\]{ Pp6f k\|0ffnLsf\] ljsf; u/\]sf\] 5 .
Jojxf/df ;/sf/n\] To:tf JolQmx¿nfO{ z/0f lbG5 h;sf\] s\'g} b\]zdf kms{bf
Hofg hf\]lvddf x\'G5, / ;/sf/n\] ;fwf/0ftof z/0ffyL{ ;DaGwL ;+o\'Qm
/fi6« ;+3Lo pRrfo\'Qm tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7gx¿;Fu ldn\]/ z/0ffyL{ tyf
z/0f lng cfpg\] JolQmx¿nfO{ ;xof\]u u5{ . z/0ffyL{ ;DaGwL ;+o\'Qm /fi6«
;+3Lo pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sf7df8f}+l:yt d\'Vo sfof{no / zfvf sfof{no bdsdf
;\~rfng u/\]sf\] 5 .

;g\\ !(%( / !(\*( sf\] aLrdf ;/sf/n\] nueu @) xhf/ ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{
a;f\]af; ug{ cg\'dlt lbPsf\] lyof\] h;dWo\] w\]/}h;f\] clxn\] klg b\]zdf
a;f\]af; ul//x\]sf 5g\\ . To; a\]nfb\]lv ;/sf/n\] ltAaltog
z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ b\]z aflx/ cfjthfjt ug{ lbb} cfPsf\] lyof\] . of\]
jif{el/ #,#(% hgf ltAaltog cfudgstf{x¿n\] ef/t hfgsf nflu z/0ffyL{
;DaGwL /fi6«;+3Lo pRrfo\'Qmsf\] g\]kfnl:yt sfof{nodf btf{ u/fPsf lyP .
To;dWo\] #,#%@ hgfnfO{ ef/t k7fOPsf\] lyof\] . ;f\] sfof{non\] ef/t hfg
rfxg\] ltAatLx¿nfO{ ;xof\]u ug{ z\'¿ u/\] otf ;aeGbf a9L z/0ffyL{ ef/t
uPsf\] of\] bf\];\|f\] - ;aeGbf a9L !((# df #,\^(& \_ k6s xf\] . ;g\\
!((! b\]lvotf e\"6fgL gful/stf ePsf\] bfjL ug\]{ Ps nfv kfFr xhf/
JolQmnfO{ z/0f lbFb} cfPsf\] 5 . 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf /x\]sf z/0ffyL{x¿ pRr
cfof\]usf\] sfof{noåf/f b\]zsf\] k\"jL{ efudf ;\~rflnt lzlj/x¿df
a;f\]af; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\\ . o; afx\]s yk s/La !% xhf/ z/0ffyL{x¿ g\]kfnsf
cGo efu tyf ef/tdf a;f\]af; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\\ . ;/sf/n\] z/0f vf\]Hg cfPsf
cGo JolQmx¿ h:t} O/fs / ;\'8fgaf6 cfPsfx¿nfO{ klg ;\]jf pknAw u/fpg
cfof\]usf\] sfof{nonfO{ cg\'dlt lbPsf\] lyof\] . To:t} ;/sf/n\] pRr
cfof\]unfO{ of\] jif{ g\]kfn--rLg ;Ldf If\]qdf rf/ k6s e\|d0f ug{
cg\'dlt lbPsf\] lyof\] .

hgu0ftGq rLg / g\]kfn ;/sf/n\] ;g\\ !((\^ df ;Ldf jf/kf/ cfjthfjt
lgoGq0f sfo{ s8f agfPsf lyP t/ b\'a} kIfn\] o; lsl;dsf\] lgoGq0fnfO{
lg/Gt/ ?kdf sfof{Gjog u/\]gg\\ . rLgaf6 efu\]/ z/0fsf nflu cfPsf
ltAatLx¿nfO{ eG;f/sf sd{rf/L / k\|x/Lx¿n\] b\'Mv lbg\] u/\]sf lyP .
cfof\]usf\] sfof{nosf cg\';f/ ;g\\ !((( b\]lv otf cj:yfdf s\]xL ;\'wf/
cfPsf\] eP klg ;Ldf k\|x/Ln\] g\]kfn k:g lbP jfkt slxn\]sfFxL pgLx¿af6
k};f c;\'Ng\] u/\]sf\] klg kfOPsf\] 5 . z/0f vf\]Hg\] ltAaltogx¿nfO{
;Ldf kf/ ul/;s\]kl5 klg lrlgofF clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ a\'emfpg\] u/\]sf\] ck\'i6
hfgsf/L klg /x\]sf\] 5 . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ;Ldf If\]qaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfpFb}
u/\]sf ltAaltogx¿nfO{ jf/Daf/ b\'Mv lbg\] u/\]sf\] klg kfOG5 .

z/0ffyL{ ;DaGwL /fi6«;+3Lo pRr cfof\]usf\] sfof{non\] e\"6fgL
z/0ffyL{x¿sf\] cj:yfnfO{ lgoldt ?kdf cg\'udg ug\]{ u/\]sf\] eP klg
z/0ffyL{ SofDkdf /x\]sfx¿nfO{ k\|df0fLs/0f ug{ / pgLx¿nfO{ cnu ug{ eg\]
cg\'dlt lbPsf\] 5}g . ;/sf/n\] dfgjLotfsf cfwf/df z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ c:yfoL
?kdf z/0f lbg\] s\'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/\]sf\] 5 . cfof\]usf\] sfof{noåf/f
;\~rflnt lzlj/x¿df ljZj vfB sfo{qmdn\] cfjZos vfBfGg pknAw u/fpF5 /
;/sf/n\] Tof\] vfBfGg ljt/0f cflbdf ;xof\]u k\'¥ofpF5 .

;/sf/n\] cflwsfl/s ?kdf e\"6fgL z/0ffyL{sf\] 3\'dlkm/ / sfd ug{ kfpg\]
:jtGqtfdf /f\]s nufPsf\] eP klg of\] s8fOsf ;fy sfof{Gjog eg\] ePsf\]
5}g . cg\'dlt ljgf e\"6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ lzlj/ aflx/ hfg dgfxL ul/Psf\]
eP klg pgLx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ cfpg hfg lbg\] ul/Psf\] 5 . dflyNNff\]
;/sf/L:t/af6 lzlj/x¿df s\]xL ;fdfGo cfly{s ultljlw ug{ cg\'dlt lbOPsf\]
eP klg :yfgLo clwsf/Lx¿n\] To:tf ultljlwx¿ dfly /f\]s nufpg\] k\|of;
u/\]sf lyP . lzlj/df a;\]sf / :yfgLo jfl;GbfaLrsf\] lx+;f slxn\]sfFxL
e8\\sg\] u/\]sf\] klg kfOPsf\] lyof\] .

cS6f\]a/ dlxgfdf e\"6fgL tyf ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ b\]z 5f8\\g cfjZos
kg\]{ ofqf cg\'dlt;DaGwL sfuhkq pknAw u/fpg pgLx¿n\] b\]z 5f8\\g\'kgf{sf
sf/0faf/\] cWoog ug\'{kg\]{ axfgfdf ;/sf/n\] /f\]ssf\] lyof\] . t/ klg
;/sf/n\] ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿nfO{ g\]kfndf k\|j\]z ug{ / z/0ffyL{;DaGwL
/fi6«;+3Lo pRr cfof\]udf ;+/If0fsf nflu cfj\]bg ug{ / ;+/If0f lbg
cg\'dlt lbPsf\] lyof\] .

v08 \# /fhgLlts clwsf/k\|ltsf\] cfb/ M ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug{ kfpg\] gful/s
clwsf/ .

sfg\'gn\] s\'g} klg gful/snfO{ zflGtk\"j{s ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug{ kfpg\]
clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 t/ gful/sx¿n\] o:tf\] clwsf/nfO{ Jojxf/df pkof\]u ug{
kfPsf 5}gg\\ . ;/sf/n\] xfn b\]zdf ljBdfg ljb\|f\]xsf sf/0f lgjf{rg
;DkGg ug\]{ sfo{ x\'g g;s\]sf\] / ;g\\ @))@ df lgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ jvf{:t
ul/P kl5 /fhfn\] tLgj6f cGtl/d ;/sf/x¿ u7g ul/;s\]sf 5g\\ . km\]a\'\|c/L
! tfl/vdf /fhfn\] ;+ljwfgdf /x\]sf\] ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/ ;DaGwL wf/fsf\]
k\|of\]u ub}{ dlGqkl/ifb\\sf\] lj36g u/L k\|ToIf zf;gsf\] yfngL u/\] .
sf lyP . of\] jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf klg ;+;b\\ k\'g:yf{kgf x\'g ;s\]sf\]
lyPg .

lgjf{rg / /fhgLlts ;xeflutf

ljutsf lgjf{rgx¿ lgwf{l/t sfo{qmd cg\';f/ b\]ze/ ;DkGg ePsf lyP . ;+;bLo
lgjf{rg x/\]s kfFr jif{df x\'g\'kg\]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf 5 . ;g\\ !((( df
;DkGg clGtd lgjf{rg cGt/f{li6«o ko{j\]Ifsx¿n\] ;fdfGotof :jtGq ePsf\]
atfPsf lyP . sfo{sf/L clwsf/ /fhf / dlGqkl/ifbdf /x\]sf\] 5 .

sfg\'gn\] wd{, ;Dk\|bfo, hft, cflb If\]qdf cfwfl/t /x\]sf cyjf v\'Nnf /
k\|hftflGqs 9Ëdf ;\~rfng gePsf s\'g} klg /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿nfO{ kf6L{ btf{
ug{ / lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x\'g sfg\'gn\] k\|ltjGw nufPsf\] 5 . lgjf{rg
cfof\]un\] hgfP cg\';f/ g\]kfndf !@\* j6f /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ btf{ ePsf
5g\\ . sfg\'g cg\';f/, sf\]xL klg JolQmn\] cfkm\" dtbftf ePsf\] s\'g}
klg lhNnfaf6 JolQmut ?kdf jf s\'g} kf6L{;Fu ldn\]/ lgjf{rgdf k\|ltZkwf{
ug{ kfpg\] 5g\\ . d\] dlxgfdf d\'Vo ;ft /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n\] g\]kfnL
s+u\|\];sf\] g\]t\[Tjdf Pp6f u7jGwg lgdf{0f u/\]sf lyP . ;a} h;f\] 7\"nf
/fhgLlts kf6L{x¿;Fu o\'jf, 6«\]8 o\'lgog / ;fdflhs ;+u7gx¿ cfj4 /x\]sf
5g\\ .

dlxnfx¿, cflbjf;L, tyf cNk;+Vos ;d\'bfox¿nfO{ ;/sf/df tyf /fhgLlts
bnx¿df ;dfj\]z x\'g /f\]s nufpg\] s\'g} lglZrt sfg\'g geP tfklg /fhgLlts
k\|lqmofx¿df dlxnfx¿ tyf s\]xL hftLx¿sf\] e\"ldsfnfO{ ljBdfg ;fdflhs
k/Dk/fn\] g} ;Lldt kf/\]sf kfO{G5 . sfg\'gdf slDtdf % k\|ltzt dlxnf
k\|ltlglw ;efsf\] lgjf{rgdf pDd\]bjf/ agfpg\' kg\]{ lgod 5 . sfg\'gn\]
;a} ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfdf sDtLdf @) k\|ltzt l;6 dlxnfsf nflu
5\'6\\ofPsf\] x\'g\'kg\]{ Joj:yf u/\]sf\] 5 . /fhfn\] kl5Nnf\] k6s
lgo\'Qm u/\]sf\] dlGqkl/ifb\\df b\'O{ hgf dlxnfx¿ /x\]sf lyP .

cGo gful/sx¿ ;/x cNk;+Vos ;d\'bfox¿nfO{ klg dtbfg ug{ jf ;/sf/L cyjf
/fhgLlts bnx¿df ;dfj\]z x\'g /f\]s nufpg\] s\'g} lglZrt sfg\'g 5}g .
cNk;+Vos ;d\'bfox¿sf nflu /fhgLlts bndf jf ;+;b\\df slt j6f cyjf slt
k\|ltzt l;6 5\'6\\ofpg\] eGg\] s\'g} ljz\]if k\|fjwfg 5}g . t/ s\]xL
lglZrt hftsf dflg;x¿n\] klxn\]b\]lv g} c¿sf\] eGbf a9L zlQmsf\] pkof\]u
ub}{ cfPsf 5g\\ . xfn}sf #% hgf dGqLx¿ /x\]sf\] dlGqkl/ifb\\df !@ hgf
cNk;+Vos hghfltsf ;d\'bfoaf6 cfPsf lyP .

;/sf/L:t/df x\'g\] e\|i6frf/ tyf kf/blz{tf

sfg\'gn\] e\|i6frf/ lgjf/0f ug\]{ clwsf/ k\|fKt lgsfosf ?kdf clVtof/
b\'¿kof\]u cg\';Gwfg cfof\]usf\] :yfkgf u/\]sf\] 5 h;n\] ;/sf/L :t/af6
ul/g\] e\|i6frf/sf\] 5fgaLg u5{ . ;\]K6\]Da/df ef/tLo ;/sf/åf/f pknAw
u/fPsf\] dndf gfkmf sdfpg u}/sfg\'gL of\]hgf agfO{ ;+nUg ePsf\]
cf/f\]kdf clVtof/ b\'¿kof\]u cg\';Gwfg cfof\]un\] tLg hgf dGqLx¿ lj¿4
5fgaLg z\'¿ u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

k\]ma\'\|c/L ! sf\] zfxL 3f\]if0ff;Fu} /fhfn\] e\|i6frf/ lgoGq0f zfxL
cfof\]u gfds csf\]{ e\|i6frf/ cg\';Gwfg lgsfosf\] u7g u/\]sf lyP h;n\]
cfkm} cg\';Gwfgstf{, clwjQmf / GofofwLzsf\] ?kdf sfd uYof\]{ . h\'nfO{
@\^ tfl/vdf k\"j{ k\|wfgdGqL z\]/axfb\'/ b\]pjf / k\|sfzdfg l;+x b\'a}
hgfnfO{ PlzofnL ljsf; a}+såf/f nufgL ul/Psf\] d\]nDrL vfg\]kfgL cfk\"lt{
kl/of\]hgfsf\] lgdf{0f;DaGwL ;Demf}tfdf 3f\]6fnf u/\]sf\] c/f\]kdf em08}
tLg s/f\]8 \^) nfv ?lkofF a/fa/sf\] hl/jfgf / b\'O{ jif{sf\] h\]n ;hfo
tf\]s\]sf\] lyof\] . ;f\] cfof\]un\] PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf\] ;f\]
;Demf}tfdf s\'g} clgoldttf ePsf\] gkfPsf\] ;DaGwL cWoog k\|ltj\]bgnfO{
;d\]t c:jLsf/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

sfg\'gn\] sfg\'gåf/f uf\]Ko elgPsf\] afx\]ssf s\'g} klg ......;fj{hlgs
dxTjsf ljifodfÚÚ gful/sn\] ;\"rgf kfpg\] clwsf/ k\|bfg u/\]sf\] eP klg
;/sf/L ;\"rgf;Ddsf\] kx\'Fraf/\] s\'g} ls6fg sfg\'gL Joj:yf 5}g . o:tf\]
vfn\] sfg\'gsf\] k/LIf0f u/\]sf\] pbfx/0f klg 5}g .

v08 \$ dfgj clwsf/sf\] pNnª\\3gsf bf\]ifLdfly cGt/f{li6«o / u}/;/sf/L
If\]qaf6

ul/g\] cg\';Gwfgaf/\] ;/sf/L wf/0ff

b\]zdf cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/jfbL u}/;/sf/L ;d\"xx¿
;fdfGotof ;/sf/L cj/f\]wljgf ;\~rflnt /x\] / pgLx¿n\] dfgj clwsf/;Fu
;DalGwt ljifodf cWoog / cfkm\\gf lgZsif{x¿ ;fj{hlgs ug\]{ u5{g\\ .
slxn\] sfFxL ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿ pgLx¿sf ljrf/x¿k\|lt ;xof\]ufTds / pQ/bfoL
klg b\]lvPsf 5g\\ . km\]a\|\'c/L ! tfl/vdf ;+s6sfnsf\] 3f\]if0ff kl5
;/sf/n\] gful/s ;dfhsf w\]/} JolQmnfO{ y\'Gg\'sf ;fy} b\]zsf ljleGg
efudf 3\'dlkm/ ug{ k\|ltjGw nufPsf\] lyof\] - v08 @= 8L x\]g\'{xf\]; \_
. o; afx\]s, dfgj clwsf/jfbL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;/sf/ / dfcf\]jfbLx¿
b\'a}n\] wDsfpg\] u/\]sf\] ;\"rgf klg ;fj{hlgs ePsf lyP .

g\]kfndf g\]kfn dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7gsf ?kdf cgf}krfl/s ;\]jf s\]Gb\| OG;\]s
, dfgj clwsf/, jftfj/0f / ljsf;;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf / dfgj clwsf/
zflGt ;dfh nufotsf em08} !) j6f :jtGq dfgj clwsf/jfbL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿
/x\]sf 5g\\ . g\]kfn sfg\'g ;dfhn\] klg dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\\3gsf\] cg\'udg
ug\]{ u5{ ;fy} cGo y\'k\|} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ oftgf, afn\>d, dlxnf clwsf/
cyjf cNk;+Vos cflbjf;L h:tf dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt s\]xL lglZrt If\]qdf
s\]lGb\|t u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ klg sfo{/t /x\]sf 5g\\ .

dfcf\]jfbL ljb\|f\]xsf sf/0f w\]/} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn\] pgLx¿sf ultljlwx¿
lgs} w\]/} dfqfdf 36fpg\' k/\]sf\] lyof\] . dfcf\]jfbLn\] dfgj
clwsf/jfbL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / kqsf/x¿nfO{ klZrdsf s\]xL lhNnfx¿df k\|j\]z
ug{ cg\'dlt lbg OGsf/ u/\]sf e/kbf{ hfgsf/Lx¿ ;fj{hlgs ePsf lyP . o;
afx\]s dfcf\]jfbLn\] s\]xL u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ckx/0f
ug\]{ / dfg\]{ sfd ;d\]t u/\]sf lyP .

d\] !% df sfnLsf\]6 lhNnfdf dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ljb\]zL bft\[ lgsfon\] nufgL
u/\]sf Pp6f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsL Ps dlxnf / Ps k\'?if sd{rf/Laf6 ha/h:tL
k};f c;\'Ng\] tyf pgLx¿nfO{ uDeL/ ?kdf s\'6lk6 u/\] kl5 rf/ j6f j}b\]lzs
bft\[ lgsfox¿n\] ToxfF cfkm\\gf ultljlwx¿ /f\]\]s\]sf lyP .
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] tL dlxnfnfO{ pgsf\] lrxfg cfkm}nfO{ vGg nufpg vf\]h\]sf
lyP t/ pgsf\] z/L/sf\] 3fp cToGt} ulDe/ vfnsf\] lyof\] . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\]
o:tf\] ;xfotfnfO{ pgLx¿sf\] ;}lgs, /fhgLlts cyjf ;d\"x ljz\]ifsf nflu
k\|of\]u gug\]{ s\'/fdf ;xdt eP kl5 ;\]S6\]Da/ !! df tL ;+:yfx¿n\]
cfkm\\gf\] sfo{qmd k\'gM z\'¿ u/\]sf lyP .

;/sf/n\] cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / cGo PDg\]i6L OG6/g\]zgn /
x\\o\'dg /fO6 jfrnfO{ :jfut ug\]{ / lgoldt ?kdf k\|j\]zcf1f lbg\]
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

clk\|n dlxgfdf ;/sf/ / dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL pRrfo\'Qmsf\] sfof{noaLr
g\]kfndf dfgj clwsf/sf\] k\|j4{g tyf ;+/If0fsf nflu gLltx¿ to ug{ tyf
sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof\]u ug{ Ps sfof{no :yfkgf ug\]{
ljifodf x:tfIf/ ePsf\] lyof\] .

cui6 !( df ;f\] sfof{non\] b\'O{j6f k\|ltj\]bg ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf\] lyof\]
. klxnf\] k\|ltj\]bg dfcf\]jfbLn\] ;}lgs r9\]sf\] t/ ;j{;fwf/0fn\]
k\|of\]u ug\]{ a;dfly u/\]sf\] b\'O{j6f cfqmd0fdf s\]lGb\|t lyof\] -
x\]g\'{xf\]; v08 !=hL=\_ . ;f\] sfof{non\] tL ;j{;fwf/0fsf\] d\[To\'
x\'g\'df dfcf\]jfbLsf\] k\|fylds lhDd\]jf/ /x\]sf\] t/ ;}lgsx¿ jf/Daf/
;fj{hlgs a;x¿ k\|of\]u u/L ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ arfpg ...... cfjZos ;fjwfgLÚÚ
ckgfpg\] s\'/fdf c;kmn ePsf\] pNn\]v ;d\]t u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;f\]
k\|ltj\]bg kl5 zfxL g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] cfkm\\gf b\'O{ hgf clwsf/Lx¿nfO{
sdhf\]/ lg0f{o u/\]sf\] cf/f\]kdf 36\'jf u/\]sf\] lyof\] . bf\];\|f\]
k\|ltj\]bg ;z:q k\|x/L ansf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf\] ckx/0f / xTofsf ljifodf
s\]lGb\|t lyof\] . - v08 !=;L= x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_ ;f\] sfof{non\] o;sf
bf\]ifLsf af/\]df :ki6 ?kdf ls6fgL ug{ ;s\]g t/ dfcf\]jfbLnfO{ ;f\]
36gfsf af/\]df 5fglag ug{ cfu\|x u¥of\] . :yfgLo ;\~rf/ dfWodn\] oL
b\'O{ k\|ltj\]bgx¿sf ljifodf :jtGq ?kdf ;dfrf/ lbPsf lyP .

clk\|n !# b\]lv @@ df cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflktx¿sf nflu /fi6« ;+3Lo
dxf;lrjsf k\|ltlglwn\] g\]kfndf o:tf cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflktx¿sf\] cj:yf
a\'em\\g g\]kfnsf\] e\|d0f u/\]sf lyP . tL k\|ltlglwn\] lj:yflktx¿ clt
g} pk\]lIft cj:yfdf /x\]sf\] lgisif{ lgsfn\]sf lyP - v08 @=8L =
x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_.

;\]K6\]Da/ !) b\]lv !& ;Dd oftgf;DaGwL /fi6«;+3Lo ljz\]if k\|ltj\]bsn\]
g\]kfnsf\] e\|d0f ug\'{ePsf\] lyof\] / pxfFn\] ;\'/Iff kmf}hn\] ;+ul7t
?kdf dflg;nfO{ oftgf lbg\] / b\'Jo{axf/ ug\]{ u/\]sf\] lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs
ug\'{ePsf\] lyof\] . pxfFn\] dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] klg oftgf lbg\] tyf cËeË
ug\]{ sfo{ u/\]sf\] s\'/f pNn\]v ug\'{ePsf\] lyof\] - v08 !=;L=
x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

d\] @\^ df ;/sf/n\] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]u u7g;DaGwL P\]g--!((&
nfO{ zfxL 3f\]if0f dfkm{t ;+;f\]wg u/L rf/ hgf gofF cfo\'Qmx¿ /
cWoIfnfO{ k\'gM lgo\'Qm ul/Psf\] lyof\] . ;f\] cfof\]u :jtGqk\"j{s sfd
ul//xsf\] eP klg ;\|f\]t / kof{Kt hgzlQmsf\] cefjdf w\]/} d\'2fx¿df
cfof\]uaf6 cg\';Gwfg x\'g ;s\]sf\] lyPg . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]un\]
ha cfkm\\gf\] 5fgaLg ;DaGwL sfo{ k\"/f u/\]/ To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{
l;kmfl/; u5{ To;kl5 ;f\] l;kmfl/;;Fu ;DalGwt sf/afxL ug{ tLg dlxgfsf\]
;do x\'G5 . ;g\\ !((& df o;sf\] :yfkgf kl5 cfof\]udf #,#\^% j6f dfgj
clwsf/ xgg;DaGwL d\'2fx¿ btf{ eO{;s\]sf 5g\\ . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/
cfof\]un\] 5fgaLg kl5 &@ j6f d\'2fdf ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ Ifltk\"lt{
lbg\'kg\]{ lg0f{o u/\]sf\]df ;/sf/n\] \* j6f d\'2fx¿df dfq Ifltk\"lt{
lbg\] sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\] h; cGtu{t !\* hgf JolQmnfO{ Ifltk\"lt{ pknAw
u/fPsf\] lyof\] eg\] ;/sf/n\] ( j6f c¿ yk d\'2fx¿dfly Ifltk\"lt{ lbg
cfjZos sf/afxL ul//x\]sf\] lyof\] . cfof\]un\] ;j{;fwf/0fn\] a\]kQf
kfl/Psf\] egL btf{ u/fO{Psf !,\^(& hgf JolQmnfO{ ;/sf/n\] g} kqmfp
u/\]sf\] kQf nufPsf\] lyof\] . w\]/} JolQmx¿nfO{ 5fl8Psf\] eP klg ()!
JolQmx¿nfO{ eg\] ;/sf/n\] uf\]Ko¿kdf y\'gfdf g} /fv\]sf\] /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof\]un\] v\'nf;f u/\]sf\] lyof\] . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/
cfof\]un\] dfcf\]jfbL ckx/0fdf k/\]sf @() JolQmx¿sf\] cj:yf c1ft
/x\]sf\] 7x/ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . lgbf\]{if JolQmx¿nfO{ u}/sfg\'gL 9+un\]
y\'gfdf /fVg\] u/\]sf dfldnf / ;kmfO kfP/ 5\'l6;s\]sfnfO{ k\'gM kqmfp
u/\]sf 36gf klg cfof\]un\] cg\';Gwfg ul//x\]sf\] lyof\] .

cui6 !! tfl/vdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof\]u tyf cGo dfgj clwsf/
;+u7gx¿n\] p7fPsf dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL d\'2fx¿nfO{ cjnf\]sg ug\]{ tyf tYo
s\'/f cufl8 Nofpg ;/sf/n\] ljleGg ;/sf/L dGqfnox¿ tyf lgsfox¿ cGtu{t
/x\]sf tLg j6f dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL lgsfox¿nfO{ x6fO{ Pp6} s\]Gb\|Lo ;ldlt
tyf b\'O{ j6f pk;ldlt u7g u/\]sf\] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs eof\] .

v08 % e\]befj, ;fdflhs b\'Jo{jxf/, dfgj a\]rlavg

;/sf/n\] s\'g} klg gful/sx¿nfO{ p;sf\] j+z, lnË, hft tyf ljrf/wf/fsf
cfwf/df e\]befj ug{ gkfpg\] lgod sfg\'gn\] lglZrt ¿kdf tf\]s\]sf\] eP
klg b}lgs hLjgdf b\]zsf w\]/} If\]qx¿df hftkft;DaGwL lje\]b eO/x\]sf\]
lyof\] . ljz\]iftM u\|fdL0f If\]qx¿df tNnf\] hflt, dlxnf, tyf
c;Qmx¿dflysf\] ;fdflhs e\]befj sfod} /x\]sf\] lyof\] .

dlxnfx¿

dlxnfx¿ lj¿4sf\] 3/\]n\' lx+;f Pp6f uDeL/ ;d:ofsf\] ¿kdf /x\]sf\] eP klg
;Lldt JolQmx¿sf\] dfq To;tkm{ Wofg uPsf\] kfOof\] . dlxnfx¿ dfly x\'g\]
lx+;fnfO{ ;d:ofsf\] ¿kdf dfGg k\|x/L, /fhgLlt1, gful/sx¿ tyf ;/sf/L
clwsf/Lx¿ Tolt tof/ ePsf\] b\]lvPg . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n\] k\|x/L,
/fhgLlt1 tyf ;a{;fwf/0fsf nflu k\|:t\'t u/\]sf 1fgj4{s sfo{qmddfkm{t\\
;d:ofsf\] af/\]df Jofks r\]tgf km}nfpg ;s\]sf lyP . k\|x/Ldf ePsf\]
dlxnfx¿sf\] d\'2fx¿nfO{ x\]g\]{ 5\'6\\6} zfvf - dlxnf PsfO \_ df ut
cfly{s jif{df 3/\]n\' lx+;f;DaGwL &#) j6f 36gfx¿ k\|fKt ePsf lyP - pQm
cfly{s jif{ hnfO{ !% tfl/vdf k\"/f ePsf\] lyof\] \_ . 3/\]n\' lx+;f
lj¿4sf\] sfg\'gsf\] cefjdf k\|x/Lx¿ To:tf cf/f\]kx¿sf\] lj?4 d\'2f btf{
ug{ c;dy{ lyP .

b\]zsf &% lhNnfdWo\] !\^ lhNnfdf !\* j6f 5\'6\\6} zfvfsf\] Joj:yf
ul/Psf\] lyof\] / ToxfF /x\]sf dlxnf k\|x/L clws\[tx¿n\] 3/\]n\' lx+;f
tyf a\]rlavgaf6 kLl8tx¿;DaGwL d\'2f x\]g\]{ ljz\]if tflnd kfPsf lyP .
k\|x/Ln\] 3/\]n\' lx+;f ug\]{x¿nfO{ ck/fwL;/x Jojxf/ ug{ / b08 lbg ;a}
clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ s8f lgb\]{zg klg k7fpg\] uYof\]{ . To;f\] eP tfklg
k\|x/Lx¿ aLrdf h/f uf8\]sf\] lje\]bsf/L ljrf/n\] ubf{ o:tf\] lgb\]{zg
kfngf ug{ bafa lbg d\'l:sn ePsf\] Ps k\|x/L clws\[tn\] atfP . sltko
36gfdf k\|x/Ln\] dflg;nfO{ kqmfp t u5{ t/ kLl8t kIf / ;/sf/ g} k\'k{Ifdf
hfg rfxG5g\\

sf7df8f}+df ePsf @) eGbf a9L u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ dlxnfx¿ lj¿4 x\'g\] lx+;f
tyf dlxnfx¿ ;DaGwL cGo ljifox¿sf\] af/\]df sfo{x¿ ug\]{ tyf lx+;faf6
kL8Ltx¿nfO{ a:g\] 3/, cf}iflw pkrf/, xf};nf j\[l4 u/fpg\] tyf sfg\'gL
;Nnfx pknAw u/fpg\] sfd u/\] .

anfTsf/ lj¿4sf\] sfg\'gdf !) jif{ d\'lgsf afnaflnsfnfO{ anfTsf/ u/\]df
!) b\]lv !% jif{;Dd h\]n ;hfo x\'g\], !) jif{b\]lv !\^ jif{;Ddsf\]
aflnsfnfO{ anfTsf/ u/\]df & b\]lv !) jif{;Dd h\]n ;hfo x\'g\], tyf !\^
jif{dflysf\] dlxnfnfO{ anfTsf/ u/\]df % b\]lv & jif{;Dd h\]n ;hfo x\'g\]
Joj:yf 5 . kLl8t ckfË, ue{jtL, tyf dfgl;s ;Gt\'ng 7Ls gePsf\] kfOPdf
tf\]lsPsf\] ;hfodf kfFr jif{ yk ul/lbg\] Joj:yf 5 . ;g\\ @))# ;jf\]{Rr
cbfntn\] \>Ldfg\\ tyf \>LdtLaLr klg O{R5f ljk/Lt of}g ;Dks{ ug{ gkfpg\]
cfb\]z lbPsf\] 5 . dlxnf k\|x/L zfvfsf cg\';f/, ;g\\ @))\$ sf\]
;\]K6\]Da/;Dd !&\* j6f anfTsf/sf d\'2fx¿ tyf @\^ j6f anfTsf/ k\|of;sf
d\'2fx¿ cbfntdf btf{ ePsf lyP .\
...;fyL... u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn\] u/\]sf\] ;j\]{If0f cg\';f/, k\|x/Ldf d\'2f
btf{ u/fOPsf #( k\|ltzt anfTsf/af6 kLl8tx¿ !( jif{eGbf sd pd\]/sf lyP .
clwsf/Lx¿ ;dIf anfTsf/sf\] d\'2f btf{ u/fPsfdWo\] @% k\|ltzt ;/sf/n\]
cf/f\]lktx¿nfO{ kqmfp u/\]/ b08 lbPsf\] atfPsf lyP . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf
;fyLsf cg\';f/, k\|x/L tyf cbfntx¿n\] anfTsf/ ;DaGwL d\'2fx¿nfO{
tbf?Stfsf ;fy 6\'Ëf\] nufPsf lyP .

ef/tLo l;dfgf glhs /x\]sf t/fO{ If\]qx¿df bfOhf\] k\|yfn\] h/f uf8\]sf\]
eP klg bfO{hf\] sd lbP/ jf To;sf\] n\]gb\]gdf ljjfb b\]vfP/ b\'nxLnfO{
dfg\]{ vfnsf 36gf eg\] kfOPg . \>Ldfg\\x¿n\] yk bfO{hf\] kfpg\] nf\]edf
cfkm\\gf \>LdtLnfO{ zf/Ll/s oftgf lbg\] jf csf\]{ ljjfx ug{ p;nfO{ 3/af6
lg:sg afWo t\'Nofpg\] h:tf 36gfx¿ t/fO{df cfd ¿kdf kfOPsf lyP .

j\[4f u\|fdL0f dlxnfx¿ tyf lawjfx¿nfO{ af\]S;Lsf\] cf/f\]k nufpg\]
k\'/fgf\] dfGotf cfkn\\gf\] 7fpFdf 5Fb}5 . tflGqs cyjf cGo :yfgLo
cu\'jfx¿n\] slxn\]sfxLF 6\'gfd\'gf emfg{ eg\]/ cfof\]lht sfo{qmddf
af\]S;Lsf\] cf/f\]kdf kLl8tx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf s\'6\\g\] tyf zf/Ll/s
oftgf lbg\] uy\]{ . O{G;\]ssf cg\';f/, jif{el/df !# hgf dlxnfx¿
af\]S;Lsf\] cf/f\]kaf6 kLl8t ePsf lyP . ;g\\ @))# df, /fli6«o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof\]un\] ;/sf/;Fu o:tf b\'Jo{jxf/ /f\]Sg tyf kLl8tx¿nfO{
Ifltk\"lt{ lbg ;+oGq :yfkgf ug{ cg\'/f\]w u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;g\\ @))# df
jif{el/ ePsf\] af\]S;L;DaGwL lx+;fdf ;/sf/n\] !# hgf kLl8tx¿nfO{
Ifltk\"lt{ pknAw u/fPsf\] lyof\] . o:tf lx+;f ePsf\] lhNnfdf /x\]sf\]\]
lhNnf k\|zf;g sfof{non\] af\]S;L;DaGwL ;a} d\'2fx¿ x\]g\]{ u/\]sf 5g\\ .

b\]zel/ r\]nL a\]rlavg Pp6f 7\"nf\] ;d:ofsf\] ¿kdf /x\]sf\] lyof\] ;fy}
7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf dlxnfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf\] O{R5f ljkl/t cGo b\]zx¿df
a\]Zofa\[lQ ug{ afWo agfOPsf\] lyof\] - v08 % x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_ .
a\]Zofa\[lQ ug{\' u}/sfg\'gL sfd dflgG5 .

sfg\'gn\] dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 / sfg\'gdf ;dfg sfd ;dfg
Hofnf lbg\' kg\]{ k\|fjwfg eP klg ;/sf/n\] w\]/} ;/sf/L pBf\]ux¿df o:tf
lgodx¿ nfu\" ug{ s\'g} ljz\]if sbd rfn\]sf\] lyPg . ljz\]iftM u\|fdL0f
e\]ux¿df dlxnfx¿n\] k\"0f{tof e\]befjsf\] ;fdgf ug{\'k/\]sf\] lyof\] /
oL If\]qx¿df wfld{s tyf ;f+:s\[lts k/Dk/f, lzIffsf\] cefj, sfg\'g ;DaGwL
cgle1tf Pp6f 7\"nf\] afwfsf\] ¿kdf /x\]sf\] lyof\] . o;n\] ubf{ ef\]6
lbg\] tyf ;DklQnfO{ cfkm\\gf\] gfddf ug\]{ h:tf cfwf/e\"t clwsf/x¿af6
pgLx¿ jl\~rt lyP . cljjflxt, lawjf tyf ;DaGw ljR5\]b u/\]sf dlxnfx¿n\]
k}lqs ;DklQ kfpg ;kmn ePsf lyP .

;fy} ;\]K6\]Da/df ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] afa\'sf\] gfd gv\'n\]sf
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ...afnssf\] afa\'sf\] gfd gv\'n\];Ddsf\] nfluÚ gful/stf
k\|bfg ug\]{ lg0f{o u/\]sf\] lyof\] . tfklg gful/stf ;DaGwL sfg\'gn\]
clxn\];Dd klg ljb\]zL;Fu ljjfx ug\]{ dlxnfsf\] aRrf oxL b\]zdf hGd\]sf\]
eP klg p;nfO{ gful/stf lbOFb}g .

;fy} ;\]K6\]Da/df hGd / d\[To\'sf\] clen\]v /fVg\] P\]g !(&\^ sf\] Pp6f
v08df vfln s\]6fx¿n\] dfq hGd tyf d\[To\'sf\] ;\"rgf ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿df
btf{ ug\]{ Joj:yfnfO{ ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] c;+j}wflgs ePsf\] 7x/ u/\]sf\]
lyof\] h;af6 xfn dlxnfx¿n\] klg hGd tyf d\[To\'sf\] btf{ ug{ kfpg\]5g\\
. cbfntn\] ;/sf/nfO{ 5fpk8L k\|yfnfO{ pGd\"ng ug\]{ P\]g sfg\'g agfpg
klg lgb\]{zg lbPsf\] lyof\] . of\] k\|yfdf dlxnfx¿n\] dlxgfjf/L ePsf
;dodf rf/ lbg;Dd ufO{ /fVg\] uf\]7df a:g\'kYof\]{ .

gf\]e\]Da/df ;jf\]{Rr cbfntn\] klxn\]sf jif{x¿sf\] eGbf km/s cab\]lv
dlxnfx¿n\] /fxbfgL agfpg \>Ldfg\\ cyjf afa\'cfdfsf\] cg\'dlt lng\'
gkg\]{ cfb\]z lbPsf\] lyof\] .

l8;\]Da/df ;jf{\]Rr cbfntn\] dlxnfx¿n\] cfkm\\gf\] gfddf ePsf\]
;DklQnfO{ cfkm\\gf\] O{R5f cg\';f/, s;}nfO{ lbg rfx\]df jf a\]Rg rfx\]df
\>Ldfg\\, 5f\]/f jf cfdfafa\';Fu :jLs\[lt lng\' gkg\]{ cfb\]z hf/L
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cem} w\]/} e\]befjk\"0f{ sfg\'gx¿ ljBdfg 5g\\ . sfg\'glj1sf cg\';f/,
dlxnfx¿nfO{ e\]befj ug\]{ %) eGbf a9L P\]g lgodx¿ sfod 5g\\ . pbfx/0fsf
nflu, ;DklQsf\] clwsf/ ;DaGwL sfg\'\'gn\] hUufsf\] df\]lxofgL xs kfpg\]
clwsf/ tyf kl/jf/sf\] ;DklQnfO{ afF8kmf8 ug\]{ sfo{df k\'?ifnfO{ g}
dfGotf lbPsf\] 5 . j}b\]lzs /f\]huf/ ;DaGwL P\]gdf dlxnfx¿ j}b\]lzs
/f\]huf/ Ph\]G;L dfkm{t sfd ug{ rfx\]sf\] v08df ;/sf/ tyf cfdfafa\'sf\]
cf1f lng\'kg\]{ lgod 5 . sfg\'gdf klxnL :jf:gL ckfË jf afFemf\] ePdf
;DaGw ljR5\]b gu/Lsg} bf\];\|f\] ljjfx ug{ kfpg\] Joj:yf ePsf\]n\]
b\'O{j6L :jf:gL ljjfx ug\]{nfO{ k\|f\]T;fxg lbPsf\] 5 .

;g\\ @))! sf\] hgu0fgf cg\';f/, xfn;fn} k\|fKt tYofÍdf k\'?if ;fIf/tf
\^% k\|ltztsf t\'ngfdf dlxnf ;fIf/tf hDdf \$# k\|ltzt dfq 5 . u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿n\] u\|fdL0f e\]usf dlxnfx¿nfO{ hfu¿s, ;Eo ;dfh tyf cfly{s kIfn\]
;DkGg ;dfhdf ;dflxt u/fpg sf\]l;; ul//x\]sf lyP . dlxnfx¿sf\] sfg\'gL
;Nnfx lbg\] ;d\"xx¿ klg ljsl;t eO/x\]sf\] lyof\] . k\|foM /fhgLlts
bnx¿df dlxnf ;d\"xx¿ 5g\\ h;n\] dlxnfx¿sf\] clwsf/x¿ tyf dlxnfx¿sf\]
ljifonfO{ bnsf\] g\]t\[Tj k+lQm cufl8 Nofpg\] sfd ul//x\]sf 5g\\ .

afnaflnsf

;/sf/ afnaflnsfx¿sf\] lxt tyf lzIffdf sl6a4 eP klg s\]xL If\]qx¿df xfn
rln/x\]sf\] lx+;fsf sf/0f o; ;DaGwL sfg\'gx¿ tyf sfo{qmdx¿ Psgf;n\]
nfu\" ug{ ;ls/x\]sf\] 5}g . g\]kfndf lzIff clgjfo{ ul/Psf\] 5}g . t/ klg
;/sf/sf\] gLlt \^ jif{b\]lv !@ jif{;Ddsf ;a} afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lgMz\'Ns
lzIff lbg\' /x\]sf\] 5 . pknAw u/fO{Psf\] lzIffsf\] u\'0f:t/Lo gePsf\] /
w\]/} kl/jf/x¿n\] ljBfnodf rflxg\] ;fdfgx¿ tyf kf\]zfs lsGg g;Sg\] cj:yf
5 . b\]zsf ;a} e\]udf ljBfno 5}gg\\ . nueu \^) k\|ltzt sfddf ;+nUg
afnaflnsf ljBfno k9\\g hfG5g\\ To;dWo\] nueu &) b\]lv &% k\|ltzt s\'g} g
s\'g} sfddf ;+nUg s\]6fx¿ ljBfno k9\\g hfG5g\\ / pgLx¿sf\] t\'ngfdf %)
b\]lv \^) k\|ltzt sfddf ;+nUg s\]6Lx¿ dfq ljBfno k9\\g hfG5g . dfgj
clwsf/ ;d\"xsf cg\';f/ lgDg dfWolds ljBfnox¿df s\]6fx¿sf\] t\'ngfdf
s\]6Lx¿sf\] ;+Vof cfwf lyof\] . ;g\\ @))# df lzIff laefun\] hf/L
u/\]sf\] Ps k\|ltj\]bgdf k\|f/lDes lzIff xfl;n ug\]{ pd\]/ ;d\"xsf
Psrf}yfO{ s\]6Lx¿ cfwf/e\"t lzIff lngaf6 klg al\~rt ePsf\] kfOPsf\]
k\|ltj\]bg k\]z u/\]sf\] lyof\] . ;/sf/n\] db/;f tyf btf{ gu/fPsf\]
ljBfnodf hfg\] afx\]sf (@ k\|ltzt ljBfno hfg\] pd\]/ k\'u\]sf
afnaflnsfx¿n\] ;/sf/L ljBfnodf lzIff lnO/x\]sf\] bfaL u/\]sf\] 5

;/sf/n\] afnaflnsf tyf jo:sx¿nfO{ lgMz\'Ns cfwf/e\"t :jf:Yo ;\]jf pknAw
u/fpF5 t/ ;/sf/L lSnlgsx¿df cf}hf/ kof{Kt gx\'g\] / cGo q\'6Lx¿ x\'g\]
u/\]sf\] kfOPsf\] 5 .

afnaflnsf dfly x\'g\] lx+;f lj?4df sd} dfq sf/afxL ul/GYof\] tyf lx+;f
afnaflnsfsf\] j\]rljvg;Fu cfwf/e\"t ?kdf ufl;Psf\] kfOGYof\] .
o\'jtLx¿nfO{ ha/h:tL a\]Zofj\[lQ ug{ nufpg\] tyf pgLx¿sf\] a\]rlavg Pp6f
7\"nf\] ;d:ofsf\] ¿kdf /x\\of\] - v08 % x\]g{\'xf\];\\, a\]rlavg \_

b\]zsf s\]xL If\]qx¿df ;dfhn\] s\]6Lx¿nfO{ ljjfxsf\] ;dodf n\]gb\]g
ug\]{ j:t\'sf\] ¿kdf lng\] cyjf af\]emsf\] ¿kdf lng\] u/\]sf\] kfO{G5 .
;\]K6\]Da/df of\] wf/0ffnfO{ x6fpg sflnsf\]6 lhNnfdf ;/sf/n\] Pp6f
sfo{qmd rnfPsf\] lyof\] h;df 5f\]/L hGdfpg\] kl/jf/nfO{ rfdn pknAw
u/fPsf\] lyof\] . s\]xL dflg;x¿df s\]6LnfO{ dlxgfjf/L x\'g\' eGbf cufl8
ljjfx ug{\' Pp6f k\|z+;gLo tyf wfld{s sfd xf\] / o;f\] u/\]df k\'0o
sdfOG5 eGg\] wf/0ff kfOG5 . o;n\] ubf{ sfg\'gn\] s\]6LnfO{ !\* jif{
eGbfd\'lg ljjfx ug{ /f\]s nufP klg afnlaafx ;fdfGotof eO{/x\]sf\]
kfO{GYof\] . ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf wfld{s k/Dk/fn\] afnlaafxnfO{ a9fjf
lbPsf\] 5 . :jf:Yo dGqfnosf cg\';f/, s\]6Lx¿sf\] cf};t ljjfx ug\]{ pd\]/
!\^ jif{ tyf s\]6fx¿sf\] cf};t pd\]/ !\* jif{ lyof\] . ljjfxdf b\'nfxf
b\'nxLaLrsf\] pd\]/sf\] leGgtf klg 3/\]n\' lx+;f x\'g\'sf\] Pp6f k\|d\'v
sf/s tTjsf\] ¿kdf /x\]sf\] lyof\] .

dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] lszf\]/ tyf s\]xL x\'ls{Psf afnsx¿nfO{ ckx/0f u/\]/
pgLx¿nfO{ kfn\], ;Gb\]zafxs, efG;\] tyf xltof/ af\]Sg\] l;kfxLsf ?kdf
k\|of\]u u/\]sf lyP . dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] /fhgLlts k\|lzIf0fdf ;xefuL x\'g
ckx/0f u/\]sf k\|foM afnaflnsfx¿ s\]xL lbgkl5 3/ kms\]{ klg s\]xL eg\]
afWotfn\] jf O{R5fn\] g} dfcf\]jfbLx¿;Fu} a;\]sf lyP . ;\]K6\]Da/df zfxL
g\]kfnL ;\]gfn\] #) k\|ltzt dfcf\]jfbL 5fkfdf/x¿ !\* jif{ d\'lg /x\]sf /
s\]xL !) jif{ eGbf klg sd pd\]/sf ePsf\] k\|ltj\]bg ;fj{hlgs u/\]sf\]
lyof\] -v08 ! hL x\]g{\'xf\];\\ \_ .

z+sf:kb dfcf\]jfbLsf\] cf/f\]kdf h\]ndf tyf lx/f;tdf afnaflnsfx¿ /flvPsf
hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs eP . afn dhb\"/ ;/f\]sf/ s\]Gb\| - l;ljg \_ n\] k\|sfzg
u/\]sf\] k\|ltj\]bgdf s\]xL dlxgf cufl8 !& jifL{o s\]6LnfO{
dfcf\]jfbLx¿n\] ckx/0f u/\]/ b\'O{ dlxgf;Dd /fv\]sf lyP / pgsf\]
v\'6\\6fsf\] cf}nf sfl6lbPsf lyP . ckx/0fdf /x\]sf\] ca:yfdf k\|x/Ln\]
pgnfO{ kqmfp u/\]sf\] lyof\] / z+sf:kb dfcf\]jfbLsf\] cf/f\]kdf oftgf
lbPsf\] lyof\] . kl5 k\|x/Ln\] pgnfO{ 5f\]l8lbPsf\] lyof\] pgnfO{ afn
dhb\"/ ;/f\]sf/ s\]Gb\|sf\] afnu\[xdf /flvof\] .

g\]kfnsf\] cfly{s jif{df /flvPsf\] nutn\] 5f\]/L e\'\|0f xTofsf 5 j6f
d\'2fx¿ btf{ ePsf\] b\]vfof\] t/ of\] ;d:of ulDe/ gePsf\] cg\'ej
ul/Psf\] lyof\] .

åGåsf sf/0f afnaflnsf ;lxt cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt x\'g\] qmd a9\\b}
uPsf\]n\] of\] Pp6f ;d:ofsf\] ¿kdf b\]vf k--of\] / o;/L lj:yflkt
x\'g\]x¿sf\] ;+Vof a9\\b} uof\] . cGt/f{li6«o \>d ;+u7gsf cg\';f/,
jif{el/df !) b\]lv !% xhf/ afnaflnsfx¿ lj:yflkt ePsf lyP . cfGtl/s ¿kdf
la:yflktn\] ubf{ yf\]/} afnaflnsf vfg\], a:g\] ;\'lawf, :jf:Yo ;\]jf,
tyf lzIffsf\] kxF\'raf6 6f9f eP .

afnaflnsfx¿sf\] ;d:ofx¿nfO{ p7fpg\] ljleGg k\|efjsf/L u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿df ;\]e b lrN8«\]g, ;xf/f u\|\'k, g\]kfn afn dhb\"/ ;/f\]sf/
s\]Gb\|, oftgf kLl8t ;/f\]sf/ s\]Gb\| , cfzfsf\] ls/0f, 6\]/\] b\];
xf\]D;, dfO{tL g\]kfn, PaL;L g\]kfn, dlxnf sfg\'g tyf ljsf; d\~r,
/udfs{, tyf ljZj lzIff /x\]sf lyP .

dflg;x¿sf\] a\]rlavg

sfg\'gn\] dflg;x¿sf\] a\]rlavgnfO{ aGb\]h u/\]sf\] 5 / of\] lgod pNn+3g
u/\]df @) jif{;Dd h\]n ;hfo x\'g ;S5 t/ klg dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf\]
a\]rlavg ulDe/ ;d:ofsf\] ¿kdf /lx/x\\of\] . jif{el/ a\]rlavg lj¿4sf\]
sfg\'gnfO{ nfu\" ug{ s\]xL ;kmn eP klg o;n\] lg/Gt/tf kfpg ;s\]sf\] lyPg
.

sfg\'gn\] dflg;nfO{ b\]z leq cyjf ljb\]zdf a\]Rg\] sfddf /f\]s nufPsf\]
5 . .

a\]rlavgnfO{ lg¿T;flxt kfg{ ;/sf/;Fu /fli6«o sfo{ of\]hgf / a\]rlavgsf\]
;\"rgf lbg\] /fli6«o txsf k\|ltj\]bs klg /flvPsf\] 5 . t/ klg dfcf\]jfbL
cftÍsf sf/0f b\]vf k/\]sf\] /fhgLlts cl:y/tf tyf ;\'/Iff ;DaGwL ;d:ofn\]
ubf{ ;/sf/sf\] a\]rlavg lj¿4sf\] k\|of;df l9nf;\':tL x\'g uof\] .

g\]kfn dflg; a\]rlavg ug\]{ pb\\ud ynf\]sf\] ?kdf /x\]sf\] 5 . ;a}sf\]
k\|d\'v lg;fgf o\'jtL g} lyP . s\]6fx¿nfO{ a\]rlavg u/\]sf\] 36gf btf{
ePsf\] kfOPg t/ gf} jif{ d\'lgsf s\]6Lx¿nfO{ klg a\]rlavg u/\]sf\]
kfO{Psf\] lyof\] . w\]/} ;+Vofdf dlxnf tyf s\]6Lx¿nfO{ of}g zf\]if0fsf
nflu a\]rlavg ul/GYof\], slxn\]sfxLF 3/\]n\' sfdsfhsf nflu, zf/Ll/s \>d,
cw{--bIf sfdbf/ jf aFw\'jf dhb\"/sf ?kdf sfd ug{ tyf ;s{;df sfd ug{sf\]
nflu tyf cGo sfdsf nflu klg dlxnf tyf s\]6Lx¿nfO{ a\]rlavg ul/GYof\] .
/fd\|f\] sfd lbg\] jf ljjfx ug\]{ nf\]edf w\]/}h;f\] dlxnf tyf o\'jtLx¿
b\]zaf6 a\]lrP/ ef/t k\'u\]sf lyP . \>d tyf of}g zf\]if0fsf nflu cfGtl/s
a\]rlavg klg ePsf\] lyof\] . ;\]e b lrN8«\]g tyf PS;g P8n\] åGå, a;fOF
;/fO tyf /f\]huf/L;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf cWoog z\'¿ u/\]sf\] lyof\] . b\]z
leq} a\]rlavg a9\\b} hfg\'sf\] sf/0f ljb\|f\]x x\'g;S5 lsgeg\] u\|fdL0f
e\]usf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx¿ sfd tyf ;\'/Iffsf\] nflu cfkm\\gf\] 3/
5f\]8\]/ zx/lt/ k:g\] u/\]sf lyP .

dxfGofoflwjQmfsf\] sfof{nosf\] ;g\\ @))\$ sf\] jflif{s k\|ltj\]bg
cg\';f/, b\]z el/df u/\]/ !## j6f a\]rlavg ;DaGwL d\'2fx¿
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf\] lhNnfl:yt sfof{nox¿df btf{ ePsf lyP . ;g\\ @))\$ sf\]
!## j6f d\'2fdWo\] #@ j6f d\'2fx¿df k/\]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ k\"/} jf cfwf b08
lbOPsf\] lyof\] , !\* j6f d\'2fx¿df k/\]sfx¿nfO{ 5f\]l8lbPsf\] lyof\] /
\*# j6f d\'2fx¿df sf/jfxL hf/L ul/Psf\] lyof\] . jif{sf\] cGTo;Dddf
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf\] sfof{non\] gofF k\|ltj\]bg k\|sflzt u/\]sf\] lyPg .

a\]rlavg lj¿4 sfd ul//x\]sf :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n\] lgsfn\]sf\]
tYofÍdf jflif{s ¿kdf @% xhf/b\]lv b\'O{ nfv;Dd dlxnf tyf o\'jtLx¿ ckx/0f
cyjf nf\]edf k/\]/ ef/t k\'Ug\] uy\]{ . k\'u\] nuQ} pgLx¿nfO{
a\]Zofa\[lQ ug{ afWo kfl/GYof\] . t/ of\] tYofÍ Tolt e/kbf\]{ lyPg /
s\]xL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ cem} e/kbf\]{ tYof+ssf\] vf\]hLdf lyP . dlxnfx¿
of}g zf\]if0f tyf 3/\]n\' sfdsfhsf nflu ;fpbL c/\]laof, dn\]l;of, x+usË,
;fpbL c/a tyf cGo vfF8Ll:yt ljleGg b\]zsf d\'n\'sx¿df klg a\]lrGy\] .
;g\\ @))# df ;/sf/n\] dlxnf 3/\]n\' sfdsfhsf nflu ;fpbL c/a tyf vf8Lsf
cGo b\]zx¿df hfg /f\]s nufPsf\] lyP . ;/sf/n\] j}b\]lzs /f\]huf/Ldf
hfg\] sfdbf/x¿nfO{ ToxfF hfg\'cl3 lbOg\] cled\'vLs/0f tflnd lbOPsf\] 5
jf 5}g cyjf h\'g b\]zdf sfdbf/ k7fOg\] xf\] Tof\] b\]zdf k\'Ug\] ljlQs}
pgLx¿nfO{ \>d ;Demf}tf;DaGwL sfuhft pknAw u/fO{g\] u/\]sf\] 5 ls 5}g
eGg\] s\'/f ;\'lglZrt ug\]{ sfo{ eP gePsf ljifodf j}b\]lzs /f\]huf/
;+:yfx¿sf\] kof{Kt dfqfdf cg\'udg ug{ ;s\]sf\] lyPg .

;of}+ dlxnfx¿ tyf s\]6Lx¿ ef/tdf Jofj;flos of}gsdL{sf ¿kdf sfd
ul/;s\]kl5 :jR5fn\] jf p4f/ u/\]/ b\]zleq kmsf{O{Psf\] lyof\] . logLx¿
k\|foM bogLo cj:yfdf lyP / :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ dfOtL g\]kfn tyf
PaL;L g\]kfnsf cg\';f/, o;/L kmls{Psf dWo\] %) k\|ltztdf Pr=cfO{=eL=
ePsf\] kfO{Psf\] lyof\] . g\]kfnsf\] ;a}eGbf 7\"nf\] r\]nLa\]6L
a\]rlavg;DaGwdf sfd ug\]{ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfn\] dfOtL g\]kfnn\]
Pr=cfO{=eL= kf\]lhl6eaf6 kLl8tx¿ tyf ltgLx¿sf aRrfx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f tyf
pTk\|\]/0ff lbg\] sfdx¿ ug\]{ u/\]sf\] 5 .

r\]nLa\]6L a\]rlavg ug\]{ JolQmx¿ k\|foM b\]zs} cyjf ef/tsf lyP /
ltgLx¿sf\] ;DaGw ef/tsf\] sf\]7Lx¿;Fu x\'g\] uYof\]{ . of}gbf;L agfpg
s\]xL 7fpFx¿df afa\'cfdf tyf gft\]bf/x¿n\] g} dlxnf tyf hjfg s\]6Lx¿nfO{
a\]Rg\] uy\]{ . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf\] Pp6f ck\'i6 tYofÍ cg\';f/, %)
k\|ltzt kLl8tx¿nfO{ /fd\|f\] hflu/ tyf ljjfxsf\] nf\]edf ef/tdf
k\'¥ofOGYof\] , \$) k\|ltztnfO{ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n\] g} a\]lrlbGy\], tyf
!) k\|ltzt rfFlx ckx/0f u/\]/ ef/tdf k\'¥ofOGYof\] . of\] jif{el/
;/sf/n\] @\^ j6f lhNnfnfO{ a\]rlavg ug\]{ k\|d\'v ynf\] ePsf\]n\] s8f
¿kdf gh/ /fVg\'kg\]{ eg\]/ 5\'6\\ofPsf\] lyof\] tyf b\]zsf ( lhNnfx¿df
a\]rlavg lj?4 sfd ug\]{ cleofg bnx¿sf\] :yfkgf u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
ljz\]iftM ljb\|f\]xsf sf/0f 3/af6 lj:yflkt ePsf dlxnfx¿ tyf o\'jfsf\]
a\]rlavg x\'g\] 8/ a9L x\'g\] uYof\]{ .

;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf ;\|f\]tx¿sf\] cefadf ;/sf/n\] a\]rlavgsf\] ;d:ofnfO{
k\|efjsf/L ¿kdf c¿ ;fd\' /fVg g;s\] klg ;/sf/n\] dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf
;fdfh sNof0f dGqfno cGtu{t cfjZos ;dGjo / sfo{ ug{ cfjZos hgzlQm;lxt
/fli6«o sfo{ bnsf\] :yfkgf u/\]sf\] lyof\] / o;nfO{ ;\~rfng ug{ sd{rf/L
klg /fv\]sf\] lyof\] . k\|x/LnfO{ tfnLd lbg\] sfo{qmdx¿ klg lyP tyf
dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;fdfh sNof0f dGqfnon\] k\'gaf{; u/fpg tyf kLl8tnfO{
;xof\]u ug{ :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;Fu ldn\]/ sfd u/\]sf\] lyof\] .
lhNnfx¿df /x\]sf !\* j6f dlxnf k\|x/L zfvfx¿n\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;Fu
ldn\]/ a\]rlavg tyf 3/\]n\' lx+;faf6 kLl8tx¿nfO{ /fxt lbg\] sfd u/\] .

;/sf/n\] kLl8tx¿nfO{ k\'gaf{;, cf}iflw pkrf/ tyf sfg\'gL ;\]jfx¿ lbP/
;xof\]u ug{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;Lldt cfly{s ;xfotf dfq pknAw
u/fpFYof\] . ef/tdf Joj;flos of}gsdL{sf nflu 7\"nf\] ;+Vofdf dlxnf
a\]rlavg ePsf s\]xL u/La lhNnfx¿df dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f
dGqfnon\]\] /f\]huf/L tyf ;Lk ljsf;;DaGwL tfnLdx¿ pknAw u/fPsf\] lyof\]
. ;/sf/n\] kLl8tx¿sf\] clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f u/\]sf\] / pgLx¿n\] cGo
sfg\'gx¿sf\] pNnª\\3g u/\]sf\]df pgLx¿nfO{ lx/f;tdf lng\], h\]ndf
k7fpg\] tyf sfg\'gL sf/jfxL ug\]{ h:tf b\'Mv lbg\] sfd eg\] u/\]gg\\ .

;/sf/n\] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx¿;Fu ldn\]/ dflg;sf\]
a\]rlavg ;DaGwdf :yfgLo, If\]qLo tyf /fli6«o:t/df r\]tgf clej\[l4
sfo{qmdx¿ nfu\" u/\]sf\] eP klg ah\]6sf\] cefjn\] ubf{ ;/sf/n\] rflxbf\]
dfqfdf gLltut tfnLd tyf ;\|f\]tx¿ pknAw u/fpg ;s\]sf\] lyPg . cbfntx¿df
a9L af\]em g} lyof\] . hgtf dfem k\'Ug\] sfo{qmdx¿ rnfpg tyf a\]rlavgaf6
kLl8tnfO{ ;xof\]u ug{ ;/sf/sf s\]xL sNof0fsf/L lgsfox¿n\] u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx¿;Fu ldn\]/ sfd u/\]sf lyP .

o\'/f\]k\]nL ;+3sf\] ;xof\]udf :yflkt u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, Knfg\]6
O{gkm\]G6\\;n\] !( lhNnfx¿df a\]rlavgsf\] af/\]df s\]6Lx¿nfO{ lzIff
lbg\] cleofgdf ;/sf/;Fu ;+o\'Qm ?kdf sfd cl3 a9fPsf\] lyof\] . dlxnfx¿sf
nflu /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sf\]if o\'lgkm\]dn\] ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjo u/L a\]lrg
;Sg\] hf\]lvd ePsfnfO{ nlIot u/L tyf o:tf\] a\]r ljvgdf ;+nUgx¿nfO{
lg?T;flxt ug{ @) jif{;Dd h\]n ;hfo x\'g\] af/\]df ;fj{hlgs ?kdf hfgsf/L
lbg\] cleofg ;\~rfng u/\]sf\] lyof\] . oL k\|of;x¿ a\]lrg ;Sg\] ;Defjgf
ePsfx¿nfO{ a\]lrgaf6 hf\]ufpg jf p4f/ ug{ / a\]lrPsf kLl8tx¿k\|ltsf\]
;dflhs cGwljZjf;nfO{ cGTo ug{ klg pkof\]uL ePsf lyP .

a\]lrP/ ljb\]z k\'uL lkmtf{ ePsf kL8Ltx¿k\|ltsf\] ;fdflhs b\[li6sf\]0f
k\|foM gsf/fTds g} x\'g\] u¥of\] . a\]rlavg la¿4sf\] cleofgdf %) eGbf
a9L u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ ;+nUg lyP h;dWo\] s\]xLn\] a\]lrPsf kLl8tx¿nfO{
k\'g{jf; u/fpg\] tyf ;Lkd\"ns tfnLd sfo{qmdx¿ klg lbg\] uy\]{ .
;/sf/sf\] ;xof\]udf w\]/} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n\] krf{, slds a\'S;,
l;g\]dfx¿, efif0f tyf k\|x;gsf dfWodaf6 kLl8t;Dd o:tf ;Gb\]z k\'¥ofpg\]
cleofg ;\~rfng u/\]sf lyP h;n\] a\]rlavg lj¿4sf ;\"rgfx¿ tyf o; ;DaGwL
lzIffx¿ zx/L If\]q, l;df jf/kf/sf If\]q tyf u\|fdL0f If\]qx¿df
k\'¥ofpg\] uYof\]{ . dfOtL g\]kfnn\] ljb\]zdf a\]lrP/ kmls{P kl5
g\]kfndf k\'g:yf{kgf ul/Psf kLl8tx¿nfO{ a\]rlavgsf nflu nfg\]x¿nfO{
;Ldfkf/ x\'g glbg ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿;Fu ;Ldf If\]qdf ;\'/Iff uf8{sf ?kdf
/fVg\] sfd klg u/\]sf\] lyof\] / pgLx¿sf s\]xL dlxnf ;Ldf ;\'/Iff
uf8{nfO{ cfqmd0f ;d\]t ePsf\] hfgsf/L cfPsf\] lyof\] .

ljleGgvfn\] ckfË JolQmx¿

zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ?kdf ljleGg vfn\] ckfË ePsf JolQmx¿ lj?4sf\]
e\]befjnfO{ sfg\'gn\] lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5}g / /f\]huf/L, lzIff, :jf:Yo
;\]jf;Ddsf\] kx\'Fr / /fHon\] lbg\] cGo ;\]jf;DaGwL k\|fjwfgx¿df
ckfËJolQmx¿k\|ltsf\] e\]befj sfod lyof\] . sfg\'gn\] ejgx¿, oftfoftsf
;fwg, /f\]huf/L / /fHon\] k\|bfg ug\]{ cGo ;\]jfx¿df kx\'Fr x\'g\'kg\]{
s\'/f pNn\]v u/\] klg Jojxf/df nfu\" x\'g ;s\]sf\] 5}g . ;/sf/n\]
ljz\]if lzIff sfo{qmdsf nflu ;xof\]u pknAw u/fpg\] afx\]s ckfËx¿;Fu
;DalGwt sfg\'gnfO{ k\|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug\]{ jf nfu\" ug\]{ sfd
u/\]sf\] kfOPg . ckfË JolQmx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f lbg\] sfdsf nflu afnaflnsf,
dlxnf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno lhDd\]jf/ 5 . o:tf ckfË JolQmx¿sf nflu sfd
ug\]{ s\]xL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn\] ;/sf/af6 cfly{s ;xof\]u kfP klg zf/Ll/s
tyf dfgl;s ?kdf ckfË w\]/} JolQmx¿ cfjZos ;xof\]usf nflu kl/jf/sf
;b:ox¿df lge{/ x\'g\'kg\]{ jfWotf /x\]sf\] 5 .

cNk;+Vos /fli6«o÷hghflt÷cflbjf;Lx¿

sfg\'gn\] x/\]s ;d\'bfonfO{ ......p;sf\] efiff, lnlk, / ;+:s\[ltnfO{
hf\]ufpg\] tyf k\|j4{g ug\]{ÚÚ clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 / x/\]s ;d\'bfonfO{ p;sf
dft\[efiffdf k\|fylds txdf ljBfno ;\~rfng ug\]{ clwsf/ lbPsf\] 5 .
;/sf/n\] ;fdfGotof o;nfO{ Jojxf/df kfng u/\]s} b\]lvof\] .

g\]kfndf &% eGbf a9L hghflt ;d\'bfox¿ /x\]sf / ltgLx¿n\] %) eGbf a9L
efiff af\]Ng\] u5{g\\ . b\'u{d :yfgdf sIffdf :yfgLo efiffdf k9fpg\] /
/\]l8of\]x¿n\] slxn\]sfFxL :yfgLo efiffdf k\|;f/0f ug\]{ u5{g\\ . zx/L
If\]qdf k\|foM ;a} k7gkf7g;DaGwL sfo{ g\]kfnL / cFu\|\]hL efiffdf x\'g\]
u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

;/sf/n\] pk\]lIft ;d\'bfosf dflg;sf\] clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f ug\]{ p2\]Zon\]
blntx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf e\]befj jf pk\]Iff ug\]{ sfo{nfO{ u}/sfg\'gL
7x/ u/\]klg tNnf\] hftsf dflg;x¿lj?4sf\] e\]befj ljz\]ifu/L klZrdL
g\]kfnsf u\|fdL0f e\]udf htftt} /x\]sf\] 5 . hgj/L @& tfl/vdf /fli6«o
blnt cfof\]un\] c5\'tf\] k\|j\[lQnfO{ pGd\'ng ug{ b\]zJofkL /fli6«o
cleofg k\'gM z\'¿ u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

cfly{s, ;fdflhs / z}lIfs ;\'wf/ cleofgnfO{ P\]ltxfl;s qmd, ef}uf\]lns
cjl:ylt / hftsf cfwf/df ;\~rfng ug{ kl/nlIft ug\]{ qmd rfn\" /x\\of\] .
ljz\]ifu/L sf7df8f}df ljBdfg /fd\|f\] lzIff / pRr:t/Lo ;DkGgtfn\] hftLo
lje\]bnfO{ sd ub}{ nu\]sf\] / sDhf\]/ cly{s cj:yf ePsfx¿nfO{ cj;/x¿
j\[l4 u/\]sf\] lyof\] . /fd\|f\] lzIff kfPsf / zx/L If\]qdf a;f\]jf;
ug\]{ dflg;x¿n\] lg/Gt/ ?kdf /fhgLlts / pRr k\|zf;lgs tyf ;}lgs kbdf
xfjL x\'g\] tyf k\|fs\[lts ;\|f\]tx¿ dfly lg/Gt/ lgoGq0f /fVb} cfPsf
5g\\ .

dlGb/df k\|j\]z ug{ /f\]s nufpg\] tyf hftkftsf cfwf/df x\'g\] e\]befj
u}/sfg\'gL dflgG5 . t/ klg blntx¿nfO{ ;do ;dodf dlGb/x¿df k\|j\]z ug{af6
/f\]s nufpg\] ul/G5 . cui6 !& df ;Kt/L lhNnfdf Ps hgf dfcf\]jfbLn\] Ps
blnt dlxnfnfO{ anfTsf/ u/\] / cGo tLg hgfnfO{ b\'Jo{axf/ u/\]sf lyP .
;f\] 36gfsf ;DaGwdf rrf{ kl/rrf{ eP kl5 dfcf\]jfbLsf\] :yfgLo
g\]t\[Tjn\] kLl8t;Fu dfkmL dfUg\'sf ;fy} anfTsf/Lsf\] xTof u/\]sf\]
OG;\]sn\] hgfPsf\] lyof\] - v08 != P x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

cGo ;fdflhs b\'Jo{jxf/ tyf e\]befj

b\]zdf +;dlnËLnfO{ ck/fw ;fljt ug\]{ lglZrt s\'g} sfg\'g geP klg ;/sf/L
clwsf/Lx¿ ljz\]iftM k\|x/Ln\] slxn\]sfxL ;dlnËLx¿nfO{ b\'Mv lbg\] tyf
b\'Jo{jxf/ ug\]{ u/\] . pbfx/0fsf\] nflu, clk\|n !# tfl/vdf k\|x/Ln\]
sf7df8f}+sf\] Pp6f hfqfdf efu lng hfFb} ubf{ !\* hgf lxh8fx¿ - dlxnfx¿
h:tf\] b\]lvg\] tyf dlxnfsf\] klx/gdf lxF8\\g rxfg\] k\'?if \_ nfO{
cfqmd0f u/\]sf\] g\]kfndf n\];laog -dlxnf hf\]8L\_, u\] - k\'?if hf\]8L
\_ afO;\]S;\'on - b\'a} vfn\] \_ ;d\'bfox¿dfly x\'g\] e\]befj lj?4
sfo{/t g\]kfn u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf gLn xL/f ;dfhn\] hgfPsf\] 5 .

v08 \^ sfdbf/x¿sf\] clwsf/

s\_ ;+ul7t x\'g kfpg\] clwsf/

sfg\'gn\] ;+3 ;+u7g vf\]Ng\] / To;df cfj4 x\'g kfpg\] :jtGqtf k\|bfg
u/sf\] / oL clwsf/x¿nfO{ Jojxf/df klg ;+/If0f u/\]sf\] b\]lvG5 .
ljb\|f\]xL jf cftÍsf/L ultljlw jf o:t} ca:yfdf eg\] ;+u7gx¿nfO{ k\|ltjGw
ug{ ;lsg\] sfg\'gL Joj:yf /x\]sf\] 5 . 6«\]8 o\'lgogx¿n\] dhb\'/x¿nfO{
;+ul7t ug{, ;fd\'lxs ?kdf ;f}bfafhL ug{ / dhb\"/x¿sf nflu k\|lzIf0f
sfo{qmdx¿ ;\~rfng ug{ k\|zf;lgs lgsfox¿sf\] Joj:yf u/\]sf 5g\\ .

tf\]8kmf\]8, /fi6«b\|f\]x jf o:t} cGo ultljlwx?df dfq o\'lgogx¿df
k\|ltaGw nufpg ;lsg\] Joj:yf 5 . b\]zsf tLgj6f ;aeGbf 7\"nf dhb\"/
;+u7gx¿ /fhgLlts bnx?;Fu cfa4 lyP . h\'nfO{ !\$ tfl/vdf ;/sf/n\] lghfdtL
;\]jf P\]g ;fj{hlgs u¥of\] / To;n\] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ s\'g} 5ftf
;+u7gdf cfj4 x\'g lgif\]w u¥of\] t/ klg s\]xL lglZrt ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx¿n\]
cfkm\"nfO{ sfg\'g Joj;foL tyf lrlsT;s ;+3 h:tf Joj;flos ;+3 ;+:yfdf
Joj;flos of\]Uotfsf cfwf/df cfj4 ug{ ;Sy\] .

cf}krfl/s If\]qdf sfo{/t lgoldt \>d zlQmsf\] s/La !) k\|ltzt \>ldsx? dfq
dhb\"/ ;+u7gx?df ;xefuL lyP . \>d P\]g !((@ / dhb\"/ ;+u7g P\]g !((@ n\]
\>ldsx?nfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg\] vfnsf ljlgodx¿ agfpg ;Sg\] Joj:yf
u/\]sf\] 5 . t/ \>L %sf\] ;/sf/n\] c´} oL P\]gx?nfO{ k\"0f{¿kdf nfu\"
u/fPsf\] 5}g . dhb\"/ ;+u7g;DaGwL P\]gn\] dhb\"/ o\'lgog, ;+u7gx¿ /
dxf;+3x?sf\] :yfkgf ug\]{ k\|lqmofx¿ kl/eflift u/\]sf\] 5 . of\] P\]gn\]
o\'lgogx¿ / o\'lgogsf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{, tna ;\'lawf af/\]sf\] ;fd\"lxs
;f}bfjfhL nufotsf o\'lgog ;DaGwL bfloTjx¿ lgjf{x ug{ u/\]sf sf/jfxLsf
;DaGwdf pTkGg x\'g ;Sg\] d\'2f--dfldnfx¿af6 ;+/If0f lbG5 / ;fy} o;n\]
/f\]huf/bftfx¿nfO{ dhb\"/ o\'lgogsf ;b:ox¿ jf o\'lgogsf\] ;+u7gsf ;b:ox¿
lj?4 e\]befj ug{ /f\]s nufPsf\] 5 . \>L %sf\] ;/sf/n\] dhb\"/
;+u7gx¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o \>lds lgsfox¿;+u cfa4 x\'g s\'g} /f\]s nufPg .
cg\]sf}+ dhb\"/ dxf;+3 / \>lds ;+u7gx¿n\] cg\]sf}+ y/L cGt/f{li6«o
;Da4tf sfod u/\]sf lyP .

v=;+ul7t x\'g\] / tna--;\'ljwf af/\] ;f}bfjfhL ug\]{ clwsf/

\>d P\]gn\] ;fd\"lxs ¿kdf tna--;\'ljwf af/\] ;f}bfafhL ug{ ;lsg\] Joj:yf
u/\]sf\] 5, t/ of\] sfg\'gsf k\|fjwfgx¿ nfu\" u/fpg\] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfx¿
:yflkt ul/Psf 5}gg\\ . ;f}bfafhL k\|lqmof;DaGwL ;Demf}tfn\] ;+ul7t
If\]qsf sl/a !) k\|ltzt \>dhLjLx¿nfO{ ;d\]6\]sf\] cg\'dfg 5 ;fy}
;fdfGotof x8tfndf hfgsf nflu /x\]sf sfg\'gL cj/f\]wx¿, cg\'ejsf\] sdL
cflbn\] ubf{ afFsL cGo dhb\"/x¿n\] pBf\]uL--Joj;foLx¿;Fu k\|efjsf/L ?kdf
;f}bfafhL ug\]{ ;ls/x\]sf 5}gg\\ .

sfg\'gn\] x8tfn ug{ cg\'dlt lbPsf\] 5, t/ cTofjZos ;\]jfx?sf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ eg\] of\] nfu\" x\'Fb}g . sfg\'gn\] s\'g} dhb\"/
o\'lgogn\] zflGt eË u/\]df jf o;n\] b\]zsf\] cfly{s lxtdf k\|lts\"n
k\|efj kf/\]df x8tfn /f\]Sg\] dhb\"/ o\'lgognfO{ lgnDag ug{ ;Sg\] clwsf/
;/sf/nfO{ k\|bfg u/\]sf\] 5 . \>d P\]g cGtu{t s\'g} klg x8tfnn\] j}wtf
k\|fKt ug{sf nflu dhb\"/ ;+u7gsf\] s\"n ;b:ox¿ dWo\] \^) k\|ltztn\]
uf\]Ko dtbfg u/L x8tfnsf\] kIfdf dt lbPsf\] x\'g\'k5{ .

clxn\];Dd lgof{t k\|j4{g If\]qsf\] Joj:yf ul/Psf\] 5}g .

u= hah{:tL sfddf nufpg jf aFw\'jf dhb\"/ /fVg /f\]s

;+ljwfgn\] afn--aflnsf nufot s;}nfO{ klg hah{:tL sfddf nufpg jf aFw\'jf
dhb\"/ /fVg lgif\]w u/\]sf\] 5Ù t/ o:tf\] Jojxf/ c´} k\|of\]udf 5g\\
eGg\] ljj/0fx¿ cfO/x\] -x\]g\'{xf\];\\ v08 \^ / \^=8L \_ . \>d ljefun\]
ha/h:tL sfddf nufpg\] lj?4 ;Lldt cf}krfl/s /f\]huf/ If\]qdf sfg\'gx¿
nfu\" u¥of\], t/ of\] If\]qaflx/ sfg\'g k\|of\]u ug{ c;kmn g} /Xof\] .

P\]ltxfl;s ;dob\]lv g} klZrd t/fO{ If\]qdf sd}of elgg\] aFw\'jf s\[lif
dhb\"/ k\|0ffnL k\|rngdf /x\]sf\] lyof\] . ;g\\ @)))df ;/sf/n\] aFw\'jf
dhb\"/ k\|yfnfO{ cj}w 3f\]if0ff u¥of\] / aFw\'jf dhb\'/ eP/ sfd ug\]{
sd}ofx¿sf\] C0f ldgfxf ul/lbof\] . sd}of /fVg gkfOg\] P\]g Psgf;l;t
nfu\" ug\'{ ;lhnf\] s\'/f\] lyPg . ;g\\ @))\$ ;Dddf, cGt/fli6\\o \>d
;+u7gsf cg\';f/, !@,@!( sd}ofx?n\] hldg kfP . &, !\$( kl/jf/n\] 3/ agfpg
!)--!) xhf/ ?lk\`fsf\] ;xof\]u kfP tLg xhf/ hltn\] sf7sf\] ;xfotf kfP.
k\'gaf{; x\'g afFsL !\$ xhf/ sd}of kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/af6 c:yfoL lzlj/
agfP/ /flvof\] . ;\]K6\]Da/;Dddf !\$ xhf/ aFw\'jf dhb\'/sf\] gfd btf{ eP
tfklg ltgn\] g hUuf kfP g t 3/ agfpg k};f g}. sltko sd}ofn\] ;\'b\"/
klZrdsf\] lhNnfx?df hUuf lnP/ a:g afWo x\'g\'k¥of\] .

dfcf\]jfbLn\] klg af6f\] lgdf{0f ug{ / pgLx¿sf of\]hgfx¿ ;DkGg ug{
ha/h:tL \>ddf nufpg\] sfd u/L/x\]sf lyP . afnaflnsfn\] klg jif{e/L
ha/hl:t sfddf nflbg\' k/\]sf\] lyof\] - v08 \^ 8L x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_

3= afn--\>d lgif\]w / sfddf nufpg\] Go\"gtd pd\]/

sfg\'gn\] afn--aflnsfx¿nfO{ sf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} \^) lsl;dsf
hf\]lvdk\"0f{ sfddf nufpg gkfOg\] / !\$ jif{ b\]lv !\^ jif{ pd\]/sf
s\]6fs\]6Lx¿nfO{ xKtfdf #\^ - lbgdf \^ 306f, xKtfdf \^ lbg / ljxfg \^
ah\]b\]lv a\]n\'sf 5 ah\] \_ eGbf a9L sfddf nufpg gx\'g\] Joj:yf
u/\]sf\] 5 . afn\>lds ;DaGwL P\]g cy{tGqsf\] cf}krfl/s If\]qdf dfq nfu\"
x\'G5 . h:t}M ko{6g, r\'/f\]6, un}+rf pBf\]u tyf vfgL cflb .

afn\>d ljz\]ifu/L cgf}krfl/s If\]q h:t} ef/L af\]Sg\], kmf\]x/ d}nf
;+sng ug\]{, /f\]8f s\'6\\g\] h:tf lglZrt If\]qdf 7\"nf\] ;d:ofsf ?kdf
/x\]sf\] 5 . sfg\'g sfof{Gjogdf pknAw ;\|f\]t;fwg lgs} yf\]/} 5g\\ /
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf cg\';f/ @\^ nfv afnaflnsf -w\]/}h;f\] s\]6Lx¿\_
\>dzlQmsf ?kdf sfo{/t 5g\\ . To;dWo\] !& nfv afnaflnsf k\"0f{sfnLg ?kdf
sfd u5{g\\ / afn\>ldssf nflu s\[lifIf\]q a9L lhDd\]jf/ /x\]sf\] / o;n\]
s\'n afn\>dsf\] (% k\|ltztnfO{ ;d\]6\\5 .

sfg\'gn\] pBf\]u Joj;fosf\] sfddf gfafnsx¿nfO{ nufpg ;lsg\] Go\"gtd
pd\]/ !\^ jif{ / s\[lif sfo{sf nflu !\$ jif{ tf\]s\]sf\] 5 . ;fy}
s\]6fs\]6Lx¿n\] sfd ug\]{ 7fpFdf ;j{:jLs\[t jftfj/0f x\'g\'kg\]{ Jojj:yf
u/\]sf\] 5 . /f\]huf/bftfx¿n\] !\$ b\]lv !\^ jif{ pd\]/sf ;Dk\"0f{
\>ldsx¿sf\] clen\]v agfO/fVg\' k5{ . afn--\>d P\]gn\] s\]6fs\]6Lx¿nfO{
cj}w ¿kdf sfddf nufpg\]x¿nfO{ lglZrt ;hfo lgwf{/0f u/\]sf\] 5 . t/ of\]
Joj:yf nfu\" u/fpg cfjZos lgodfjnL c´} kfl/t ePsf\] 5}g . ;g\\ @))# df
;/sf/n\] !\$ b\]lv !\^ jif{ pd\]/sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ Go\'gtd\\ tna k\|lt
dlxgf !,%%\* ¿k}+of / nueu #\^) ¿k}of k\|lt dlxgf vfgf tyf cGo vr{sf\]
nflu yk eQf tf\]s\]sf\] lyof\] . sfddf nfu\]sf nueu \^) k\|ltzt
afnaflnsfx¿ ljBfno klg hfg\] uy\]{ .

k\|fKt e/kbf\]{ k\|ltj\]bg cg\';f/ dfcf\]afbLx¿n\] aflnsfx¿ ;lxt
gfaflnux¿nfO{{ l;kfxL, dfgj 9fn, xNsf/f tyf ;dfrf/ ;+jfxssf nflu ha/h:tL
egf{ ug\]{ u/\]sf lyP - v08 % x\]g\'{xf\];\\ \_ .

\>d ;DaGwL sfg\'gnfO{ nfu\" ug{ lhDd\]jf/ /x\]sf\] \>d dGqfnosf\] sfg\'g
nfu\" u/fpg\] clen\]v ldl\>t vfnsf\] /Xof\] . dGqfnosf cg\';f/ ;g\\
@))\$ df \>d lg/LIfsx¿sf\] ;+Vof !\$ af6 36\]/ !) df k\'u\]sf lyof\] .
t}klg tL \>d lg/LIfsx¿n\] %)) j6fdf - !) xhf/ btf{ ul/Psf sDkgLx¿ dWo\]
\_ lg/LIf0f u/\]/ s\'g} klg afn \>ldsx¿n\] sfd gu/\]sf\] ;\'lglZrt
ug\'{kg\]{ lhDd\]jf/L k\"/f u/\]sf lyP . dGqfnon\] lbPsf\] ljj/0f
cg\';f/, lg/LIf0f qmddf !\$ jif{ d\'lgsf s\'g} klg afnaflnsfx¿ sf/vfgfdf
sfd u/\]sf\] kfOPsf\] lyPg . ;g\\ @))\$ df ;/sf/n\] afn--\>dsf\] ;d:of
af/\]df cfd hgtfdf ;r\]tgf a9fpgsf nflu b\]zsf ljleGg If\]qx¿df rf/ j6f
hg--r\]tgf clej\[l4 sfo{qmd klg ;\~rfng u/\]sf\] lyof\] .

ª= sfd ug\]{ d\'gfl;a zt{x¿

;g\\ @))# df ;/sf/n\] cbIf \>ldsn\] kfpg\] Go\"gtd dfl;s Hofnf a9fP/
cd\]l/sL 8n/ @& -g\]=?=!,\*(\$\_ k\'¥ofPsf\] lyof\] . ;fy} ;f\]
sfg\'gn\] Go\"gtd dfl;s Hofnf kl/eflift ub}{ cw{--bIf \>ldsnfO{ sl/a
cd\]l/sL 8n/ @\* -g\]=?=!,(\$\$\_ bIf \>ldsnfO{ cd\]l/sL 8n/ @(
-g\]=?=@,)%\$\_ / pRr bIf \>ldsnfO{ cd\]l/sL 8n/ #@ -g\]=?=@,@\$\$\_
kfl/\>lds tf\]lslbPsf\] lyof\] . v\'/fs tyf cGo ;\'ljwf jfkt\\ k\|lt
dlxgf jo:s sfdbf/sf nflu cd\]l/sL 8n/ & -g\]=?=%))\_ tf\]lslbPsf\]
lyof\] . c;+ul7t ;\]jf Joj;fo / v\]tLkftLsf sfddf k\|fKt x\'g\] Hofnf
of\] eGbf k\|foM %) k\|ltztn\] sd x\'g ;SYof\] . \>d P\]gn\] k\|lt xKtf
\$\* 306f sfd ug\'{ kg\]{ / xKtfsf\] Ps lbg 5\'§L kfpg\] / ;fy} cf\]e/
6fOdsf\] xsdf k\|lt xKtf @) 306f;Dd x\'g ;Sg\] ;Ldf tf\]lslbPsf\] lyof\]
. sfd ug\]{ \>lds tyf kl/jf/sf nflu tf\]lsPsf\] tL Go\"gtd HofnfdWo\]
s\'g} klg sfdbf/ / p;sf\] kl/jf/sf nflu /fd\|f\] hLjg:t/ lgjfx{sf nflu
ckof{Kt dflgG5g\\ .

sfg\'gn\] :jf:Yo tyf ;\'/Iffsf\] dfgs:t/ Pj+ ;\~ro sf\]if / ;\'Ts\]/L
ljbf h:tf ;\'ljwfx¿sf\] klg Joj:yf u/\]sf\] lyof\] . gofF \>d P\]gsf\]
sfof{Gjog ;\':t ultdf eO/x\]sf\] lyof\] lsgeg\] ;/sf/n\] sfg\'gsf
k\|fjwfgx¿ nfu\" u/fpg cfjZos kg\]{ lgod jf k\|zf;sLo ;+/rgfx¿ l;h{gf
u/\]sf\] lyPg . dhb\"/x¿nfO{ cfk\\mgf\] hflu/ hfnf ls eGg\] s\'g} 8/
gdfgL vt/fhgs sfdaf6 cfkm\"nfO{ cnUu /fVg\] clwsf/ k\|fKt lyPg .
sfg\'gn\] \>d clws\[tx¿nfO{ pBf\]u--Joj;foLx¿;dIf uP/ c;\'/lIft b\]lvg\]
sfo{ynf\]df cfjZos ;\'wf/ ug{ cfb\]z lbg ;Sg\] clwsf/ k\|bfg u/\]sf\]
lyof\] . t/ ;\'/Iff dfgb08x¿ 7Ls;+u nfu\" u/fpg\] s\'/f yf\]/} dfq
b\]lvGYof\] .