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![](media/image1.jpeg){width="6.493055555555555in"
height="0.8354166666666667in"}

October 18, 2007

Members of the Jefferson Lab User Group,

This has been a successful year for Jefferson Lab and its users with
outstanding experimental results, steady progress on the 12 GeV Upgrade,
and excellent reviews from our sponsors at the Department of Energy.

This Program Advisory Committee, chaired(acting) by Michael Pennington,
reviewed 9 proposals and 3 letters of intent. The quality of these
submissions were again impressive, a measure of the exciting science
that the Jefferson Lab accelerator enables. PAC 32 completed a thorough
assessment and five proposals were approved, three were conditionally
approved, and one proposal was deferred.

I have enjoyed working with the Program Advisory Committee during my
tenure and value their role in helping to assure a dynamic and
challenging scientific program delivering high impact, high profile
experimental results from Jefferson Lab's unique research capabilities.
I thank them for their dedication to Jefferson Lab and to excellent
science.

Sincerely,

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="2.3069444444444445in"
height="0.8013888888888889in"}

Christoph W. Leemann

JSA President

Director, Jefferson Lab

**Letter from the Acting PAC Chair**

**Introduction**

**Introduction**

The Jefferson Laboratory Program Advisory Committee held its 32nd
meeting from August 6^th^ to 8^th^, 2007. The membership of the
Committee is given in Appendix A. In response to the charge (Appendix B)
from the JLab Director, Dr Christoph Leeman, the Committee reviewed and
made recommendations for the 9 proposals and 3 Letters of Intent for
experiments that will use the base equipment currently planned for the
12 GeV upgrade.

**12 GeV upgrade:**

The PAC applauds the way in which the Laboratory has weathered the
recent storm of funding uncertainties and has made steady progress
towards bringing the 12 GeV upgrade to reality. The PAC was highly
impressed with the key steps made in the decision-making process with
DoE leading to CD-2, and with the presentation it received for the first
time on the exciting development of the new Hall D.

All 12 experiments considered at this PAC are part of the central
mission of JLab physics to illuminate the properties of nucleons and how
these are reflected by the flavor, momentum and angular momentum carried
by their constituent quarks and gluons. A key issue for this PAC was
which of these experiments are critical to the first 5 years of
experiments with the 12 GeV upgrade.

**Proposals recommended for Approval:**

**Proposal PR12-07-104** is a measurement of the neutron magnetic
form-factor *G^n^~M\ ~*in Hall B using a deuterium target. The method
proposed is elegant and its physics essential to the program. The
results of this experiment, if successful, will provide neutron data,
which when combined with proton results determine the isovector
form-factor, that is more readily computable on the lattice, having no
disconnected quark contributions. This essential measurement will thus
have the added benefit of providing a valuable test of the efficacy of
lattice calculations.

**Proposal PR12-07-105** is the measurement of the
longitudinal-transverse separated pion electroproduction cross-section
in Hall C. This will provide essential constraints on Generalized Parton
Distributions (GPDs) central to the 12 GeV program. The experiment uses
techniques already implemented for measuring the pion form-factor in
Hall C and previously approved for 12 GeV (PR12-06-101). Discussion of
this proposal clarified the theoretical basis for GPD studies and
emphasised that even if ~T~ is found not to be small, interpreted in
terms of sizeable higher twist effects, the separation of ~L~ may be
sufficient for investigating GPDs.

**Proposal PR12-07-107** is the study of spin-orbit correlations with a
longitudinally polarized target in Hall B. This experiment measuring
single and double-spin asymmetries would provide unique coverage of the
multi-dimensional space of kinematics in semi-inclusive deep inelastic
scattering. This complements GPD studies and would provide key
information about the spin and orbital angular momentum carried by the
internal structure of the proton.

**Proposal PR12-07-108** is a precision measurement of the elastic
electron-proton cross-section in Hall A, which will allow the
determination of the electric and magnetic form-factors *G^p^~E~* and
*G^p^~M~*, when combined with measurement of their ratio in PR12-07-109.
It is clear the measurement of the elastic cross-section is essential.
The PAC recommended that the collaboration should consider a short
extension to include measurements at low *Q^2^* for several values of to
allow a Rosenbluth separation. When these are combined with polarization
transfer measurements they can then pin down the key two photon
contribution directly from data. Even though this is not within the
portfolio of base equipment, the PAC supported the use of a third
vertical drift chamber to improve the track-reconstruction efficiency as
proposed.

**Proposal PR12-07-109** is the measurement of the large acceptance
proton form-factor ratio at 13 and 15 GeV/c^2^ using the recoil
polarization method in Hall A. This experiment would use a challenging
technique including GEMs for defining the kinematics. Though it is
number five in a line of measurements of the key proton form-factors
*G^p^~E,M~*, the technique proposed may significantly improve their
precision. The PAC praised the novel proposal and believed the promised
improvements in technology warranted the investment, some of which would
come from non-DOE sources.

**Proposals recommended for Conditional Approval:**

**Proposal PR12-07-101** studies hadronization in nuclei by deep
inelastic electron scattering in Hall C. The space-time evolution of
hadronization from the formation of a quark-antiquark pair to an
embryonic colorless state to fully formed hadrons is fundamental and
interesting. However, the PAC was not convinced that this experiment
would provide a modelling for hadronization transportable from one
process to another. The PAC believed the proponents should demonstrate
(i) the relevance of its results to RHIC experiments, (ii) why the
approved CLAS12 experiment cannot do this, (iii) why identifying kaons
is useful in testing models. Moreover, they should reassess the proposed
kinematics, (*i.e.* values of and *Q^2^*), in the light of the analysis
of recent results from CLAS and HERMES.

**Proposal PR12-07-102** is the precision measurement of
parity-violating asymmetry in deep inelastic scattering in Hall C. The
size of such effects may signal physics beyond the Standard Model. The
separation of genuine parity-violation contributions from effects
generated by higher twist components and by charge symmetry violation
was not demonstrated. This may require dedicated theoretical effort. It
is unclear whether the polarimetry really can be done to an accuracy of
0.3%, when Q~weak~ plans only 1%. If the experiment succeeds it may
uniquely provide information about the difference between the momentum
distribution of *up* quarks in a proton and *down* quarks in a neutron
(*i.e.* charge symmetry violation), in addition to separating effects
attributable to physics beyond the Standard Model. However, the proposal
presented no simulations and gave little more information than the
Letter of Intent.

**Proposal PR12-07-106** is a measurement of the *A-*dependence of J/
photoproduction near threshold. This was measured thirty years ago at
SLAC with roughly 30% uncertainties. The proposal will improve this by a
factor of three. This is a clever experiment with a good team, who can
doubtless make this measurement to the accuracy planned, but the PAC was
unconvinced about why this had to be done in the first five years of 12
GeV running. It has long been claimed that the behavior of J/ production
in media is a key signature of the development of a quark-gluon plasma.
Knowledge of this production in cold matter is critical for such
interpretation. The PAC requests answers to (i) why greater accuracy in
this knowledge would improve this understanding? (ii) what would be the
impact of increased precision on the nuclear physics calculation of the
J/*N* absorption cross-section? (iii) would this improved measurement of
the cross-section near threshold motivate a lattice calculation of the
scattering length?

**Proposal Defered**

**Proposal PR12-07-103** is a study of nuclear transparency in
-photoproduction from deuterium and ^4^He in Hall C. The study of
nuclear transparency as a function of momentum transfer may signal the
onset of *color transparency*. This would be of great interest. However,
the PAC was unconvinced that this experiment would add significantly to
the exploration of an approved electroproduction experiment
(PR12-06-107) to merit its inclusion in the first five years of 12 GeV
experiments.

**Letters of Intent**

**LOI12-07-101** is a measurement of the -polarization in the target
fragmentation region to determine the polarization of the strange quark
sea in the proton. However, this experiment needs to take account of
results of the precursor HERMES and COMPASS measurements.

**LOI12-07-102** is the measurement of the tagged neutron structure
function on a deuterium target. This experiment would elucidate the EMC
effect in a deuteron, using the backward detection of a proton to
enhance deep inelastic events on a neutron. It would complement the
BONUS experiment. However, there remain many issues to be resolved, not
least whether there would be sufficient statistics in the proposed
running to really probe the EMC effect.

**LOI12-07-103** is a detailed study of semi-inclusive deep inelastic
-production on unpolarized proton and deuteron targets in CLAS12. Data
on -production would be taken with other commissioning CLAS12
experiments and map out the landscape of fragmentation as a function of
*x, z, p~T~,* and *Q^2^*. This would provide key inputs to global
analyses at next-to-leading-order in perturbative QCD to constrain the
fragmentation functions of quarks.

All three Letters of Intent require significant work before they can be
brought to proposal stage. All were encouraged to do this.

**Acknowledgements**

The PAC is very appreciative of the support of Hall Leaders and JLab
staff in elucidating details of the key laboratory infrastructure and in
preparing TAC and theory reports. We are most grateful too to Rachel
Harris and her colleagues for essential help in bringing the committee
together, and preparing, and keeping track of, all its paperwork. All
this was essential to the committee\'s deliberations. Lastly, and most
importantly, we thank all the scientists involved in developing these
proposals -- proposals that have the potential to illuminate the heart
of matter.

Michael Pennington

Acting Chair, Jefferson Program Advisory Committee

**Tables**

+-------------------+---------------+------------------+-------------+
|                   | ## Experiment | ###              | ###         |
|                   | s Recommended | Experiments Reco | {#section . |
|                   |  for Approval | mmended for Cond | unnumbered} |
|                   |  {#experiment | itional Approval |             |
|                   | s-recommended |  {#experiments-r | ###  {#     |
|                   | -for-approval | ecommended-for-c | section-1 . |
|                   |  .unnumbered} | onditional-appro | unnumbered} |
|                   |               | val .unnumbered} |             |
|                   |               |                  | ### Totals  |
|                   |               |                  |  {#totals . |
|                   |               |                  | unnumbered} |
+-------------------+---------------+------------------+-------------+
| > Experiments     | > 196         | > 3              | > 184       |
+-------------------+---------------+------------------+-------------+
| > Authors         | > 1165        | > 36             | > 1229      |
+-------------------+---------------+------------------+-------------+
| > Institutions    | > 191         | > 3              | > 212       |
+-------------------+---------------+------------------+-------------+
| > Countries       | > 28          |                  | > 30        |
+-------------------+---------------+------------------+-------------+

# Approved Experiments Totals by Physics Topics

+----------------------+------------+----------+----------+-----------+
|                      |            |          |          |           |
+----------------------+------------+----------+----------+-----------+
| **Topic**            | ####       | **       | **       | ###### H  |
|                      | Number Tot | Hall A** | Hall B** | all C {#h |
|                      | al {#numbe |          |          | all-c .un |
|                      | r-total .u |          |          | numbered} |
|                      | nnumbered} |          |          |           |
+----------------------+------------+----------+----------+-----------+
| Nucleon and Meson    | 36         | 12       | 7        | 17        |
| Form Factors & Sum   |            |          |          |           |
| Rules                |            |          |          |           |
+----------------------+------------+----------+----------+-----------+
| Few Body Nuclear     | 29         | 18       | 6        | 5         |
| Properties           |            |          |          |           |
+----------------------+------------+----------+----------+-----------+
| Properties of Nuclei | 35         | 11       | 11       | 11        |
+----------------------+------------+----------+----------+-----------+
| N\* and Meson        | 56         | 10       | 35       | 11        |
| Properties           |            |          |          |           |
+----------------------+------------+----------+----------+-----------+
| Strange Quarks       | 26         | 7        | 16       | 3         |
+----------------------+------------+----------+----------+-----------+
| ###### TOTAL         | 180        | 58       | 75       | 47        |
| {#total .unnumbered} |            |          |          |           |
+----------------------+------------+----------+----------+-----------+

##### Approved Days and Conditionally Approved Experiments {#approved-days-and-conditionally-approved-experiments .unnumbered}

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 16%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 15%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 16%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 17%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="10"><strong>Approved Experiments</strong></td>
<td colspan="3">Conditionally</td>
<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="2">Hall</td>
<td colspan="3"><p># Expts</p>
<p>Completed<br />
(full/partial)</p></td>
<td colspan="2">Days Run</td>
<td colspan="2"><p>No. Exps</p>
<p>in Queue</p></td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Days to</p>
<p>be Run</p></td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Approved</p>
<p>Experiments</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3">A</td>
<td>43</td>
<td colspan="2">0</td>
<td colspan="2">787.9</td>
<td colspan="2">15</td>
<td colspan="3">281.0</td>
<td colspan="3">0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3">B</td>
<td>61</td>
<td colspan="2">4</td>
<td colspan="2">691.8</td>
<td colspan="2">14</td>
<td colspan="3">298.0</td>
<td colspan="3">2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="3">C</td>
<td>34</td>
<td colspan="2">3</td>
<td colspan="2">738.8</td>
<td colspan="2">10</td>
<td colspan="3">222.0</td>
<td colspan="3">0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="3">Total</td>
<td>138</td>
<td colspan="2">7</td>
<td colspan="2">2218.5</td>
<td colspan="2">39</td>
<td colspan="3">801.0</td>
<td colspan="3">2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

**APPENDIXES**

A.  PAC 31 Membership

B.  Charge to PAC 31

C.  PAC 31 Recommendations

D.  PAC 31 Individual Proposal Reports

E.  PAC 31 Individual Letters-of-Intent Reports

F.  Approved Experiments, PAC 31, Grouped by Physics Category

(To access Appendix F, go to
<http://www.jlab.org/exp_prog/proposals/07prop.html>

# APPENDIX A {#appendix-a .unnumbered}

### PAC 32 Members {#pac-32-members .unnumbered}

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| **ROY HOLT** (Chair)\             | **NAOMI MAKINS**\                 |
| Argonne National Lab\             | Department of Physics\            |
| Physics Division\                 | University of Illinois at         |
| Argonne, ILL 60439\               | Urbana-Champaign\                 |
| Urbana, IL 61801-3080\            | 1110 West Green Street\           |
| Phone: (708) 252-4012\            | Urbana, IL 61801-3080\            |
| <holt@anl.gov>                    | Phone: 217-333-7291\              |
|                                   | <makins@uiuc.edu>                 |
| **BARBARA BADELEK**\              |                                   |
| Institute of Experimental         | **MICHAEL PENNINGTON**\           |
| Physics\                          | University of Durham\             |
| Warsaw University\                | Science Laboratories\             |
| Hoza 69\                          | South Rd\                         |
| PL 00681 Warsaw, Poland\          | Durham DH1 3LE\                   |
| Phone/Fax: 48 22 62 14771/94309\  | United Kingdom\                   |
| <badelek@fuw.edu.pl>              | Phone/Fax:                        |
|                                   | 44-(0)191-334-3668/3658\          |
| **J. DAVID BOWMAN**\              | <m.r.pennington@durham.ac.uk>     |
| Los Alamos National Laboratory\   |                                   |
| P.O. Box 1663\                    | **MARCO RIPANI**\                 |
| Los Alamos, NM 87545\             | INFN\                             |
| Phone/Fax: 505-667-4363/665-4121\ | Via Dodecaneso 33\                |
| <bowman@lanl.gov>                 | 16146 Genova\                     |
|                                   | Italy\                            |
| **RON GILMAN**\                   | Phone/Fax:                        |
| Rutgers University\               | 39-010-353-6458/313358\           |
| Department of Physics and         | <ripani@ge.infn.it>               |
| Astronomy\                        |                                   |
| P.O. Box 849\                     | **HANS STROHER**\                 |
| Piscataway, NJ 08855-0849\        | Forschungszentrum Jülich\         |
| Phone: 757-269-7011\              | Institut für Kernphysik\          |
| <gilman@jlab.org>                 | D-52425 Jülich\                   |
|                                   | Email:                            |
| **PIERRE GUICHON**\               | <h.stroeher@fz-juelich.de>\       |
| DAPNIA/SPhN, Bat. 703\            | Phone: +49-2461-61-3093\          |
| CEA-Saclay\                       | Fax: +49-2461-61-3930             |
| F91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex,      |                                   |
| France\                           | **WITOLD NAZAREWICZ**\            |
| Phone/Fax: 33-1-69-08-7207/7584\  | Department of Physics\            |
| <pierre.guichon@cea.fr>           | The University of Tennessee\      |
|                                   | 226m Ayres Hal\                   |
| **XIANGDONG JI**\                 | 1403 Circle Drive\                |
| University of Maryland\           | Knoxville, TN 37996-1200\         |
| Physics Department\               | Email: <witek@utk.edu>\           |
| 2204A Physics Building\           | Phone: (865) 574-4580\            |
| College Park, MD 20742\           | Fax: (865)-576-8746               |
| Phone/Fax: 301-405-7277\          |                                   |
| <xji@physics.umd.edu>             |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| **ED KINNEY**\                    |                                   |
| University of Colorado\           |                                   |
| Nuclear Physics Laboratory\       |                                   |
| Campus Box 446\                   |                                   |
| Boulder, CO 80309-0446\           |                                   |
| Phone: (303)492-3662\             |                                   |
| <edward.kinney@COLORADO.EDU>      |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

**Appendix B**

**Charge to PAC32**

**Jefferson Lab requests that PAC 32:**

1\. Review both proposals\* and letters of intent**†** for experiments
that will use the base equipment currently planned for the\
12 GeV Upgrade and provide advice on their scientific merit, technical
feasibility and resource requirements.

2\. Identify high-quality physics that, based on what we know today, is
highly likely to be of sufficient scientific merit that it will be
included in the priority list to be established for the first 5 years of
12 GeV Operations

3\. Identify other physics that has the potential for falling into this
category pending clarification of scientific and/or technical

4\. Provide comments on technical and scientific issues that should be
addressed by the proponents prior to a second review and the assignment
of scientific priority at a future PAC.

**\*** Proposals and letters of intent will be considered ONLY if the
proponents clearly state their intent to participate in and contribute
to the construction of the base equipment.

**†** Letters of intent for 12 GeV at PAC30 will be given the same
"rights" to their scientific ideas as are currently afforded to deferred
experiments

**APPENDIX C**

**PAC 32 Recommendations**

+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+
| A    | PR1      |   | Large Acceptance Proton Form Factor Ratio      |
|      | 2-07-109 |   | Measurements at 13 and 15 (GeV/c)2 Using       |
|      |          |   | REcoil Polarization Method                     |
+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+
| A    | PR1      |   | Studies of Spin-Orbit Correlations with        |
|      | 2-07-107 |   | Longitudinally Polarized Target                |
+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+
| A    | PR1      |   | Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form       |
|      | 2-07-104 |   | Factor at High Q2 Using the Ratio Method on    |
|      |          |   | Deuterium                                      |
+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+
| A    | PR1      |   | Precision Measurement of the Proton Elastic    |
|      | 2-07-108 |   | Cross Section at High Q\^2                     |
+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+
| A    | PR1      |   | Scaling Study of the L-T Separated Pion        |
|      | 2-07-105 |   | Electroproduction Cross Section at 11 GeV      |
+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+
| CA   | PR1      |   | Hadronization in Nuclei by Deep Inelastic      |
|      | 2-07-101 |   |                                                |
|      |          |   | Electron Scattering                            |
+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+
| CA   | PR1      |   | The A-dependence of J/Psi Photoproduction near |
|      | 2-07-106 |   | Threshold                                      |
+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+
| CA   | PR1      |   | Precision Measurement of the Parity-Violating  |
|      | 2-07-102 |   | Asymmetry in Deep Inelastic Scattering off     |
|      |          |   | Deuterium using Baseline 12 GeV Equipment in   |
|      |          |   | Hall C                                         |
+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+
| D    | PR1      |   | The Nuclear Transparency of                    |
|      | 2-07-103 |   | Pion-photoproduction from 4He at 12 GeV        |
+------+----------+---+------------------------------------------------+

-   A=Accept,

-   C1=Conditionally Approve w/Technical Review,

-   C2=Conditionally Approve w/PAC Review,

-   D=Defer

**APPENDIX D**

**Individual Proposal Report**

**Proposal: PR12-07-109**

**Title:** Large Acceptance Proton Form Factor Ratio Measurements at 13
and 15 (GeV/*c*)^2^ Using Recoil Polarization Method

**Spokespersons:** C.F. Perdrisat, L.P. Pentchev, E. Cisbani, V. Punjabi
and B.Wojtsekhowski

**Motivation:** This collaboration proposes to extract *G~Ep~/G~Mp~* at
*Q^2^* =12.9 and 14.8 (GeV/*c*)^2^ through a measurement of the
polarization transfer in elastic ![](media/image3.wmf) scattering. The
estimated absolute statistical accuracy, Δ\[*μ~p~ G~Ep~/G~Mp~* \], will
be about 0.1. This accuracy would match the precision achieved in lower
momentum transfer recoil measurements at JLab. Knowledge of the proton
form factors is crucial for the understanding of the structure of the
nucleon, and their measurements belong to the mainstream of the
scientific program of the Laboratory. The form-factors challenge
phenomenological models and may be directly compared to lattice QCD
calculations.

**Measurement and Feasibility:** The experiment will run in Hall A.
BigCal will be used to detect electrons scattered off a 40 cm cryogenic
target; the latter requires a special, dedicated design. A customized
setup for detecting the recoil proton will include a dipole magnet,
three new fast trackers (GEMs) for the determination of its momentum,
interaction point and polarization, as well as a hadron calorimeter to
control the trigger rate. The dipole is available from BNL, the
polarimeter can be developed from the existing new polarimeter built in
Hall C, and several options exit for the hadron calorimeter (e.g. using
parts recovered from calorimeters existing at the collaborating
institutions). A new and key part of the detector is the set of GEMs.
Construction, implementation and installation of those devices will
require a large, strongly coordinated organizational and financial
effort. The proposal would be strengthened if the new recoil proton
detector could be used by the future Hall A experiments, *e.g.* SIDIS
from different polarized targets, GEN measurements, *J/*
photo-production, etc.

**Issues:** High *Q^2^* measurements at 11 GeV incident energy result in
1/15 of the FOM at 6 GeV. To get statistical errors similar at both
energies at the same beam time, detectors with acceptance an order of
magnitude larger than classical ones are needed. The idea proposed by
the collaboration is novel and challenging, albeit costly. The
collaboration will thus also apply for funds to agencies other than
NSF/DOE. While the committee is presently convinced that the experiment
should run, it also reminds the proponents that all the approved 12 GeV
proposals will be subject to (at least) one more examination, just
before the upgraded Laboratory program will actually start running. In
particular, at that time the proponents are expected to deliver an
update of the two-photon exchange correction, based on the newest data
and calculations.

**Recommendation: Approval**

## Individual Proposal Report {#individual-proposal-report .unnumbered}

**Proposal:** **PR12-07-107**

**Title:** Studies of Spin-Orbit Correlations with Longitudinally
Polarized Target

**Spokespersons:** H. Avakian, P. Bosted, K. Hafidi, K. Griffioen, P.
Rossi

**Motivation:** This proposal aims to measure single and double spin
asymmetries in semi-inclusive electroproduction of pions using a
longitudinally polarized electron beam and longitudinally polarized
proton and deuteron targets. The objectives include the study of
correlations of the transverse spin of quarks with their transverse
momentum through measurement of the single spin azimuthal asymmetry,
which is sensitive to the *h~1L~*(*x,k~T~*) distribution function. In
addition, the transverse momentum dependence of the quark helicity
distributions, *u*(*x,k~T~*) & *d*(*x,k~T~*), will be studied through
measurement of the double spin asymmetry for pion production. This is
especially important in the large-*x* region where these distributions
are poorly known.

**Measurement and Feasibility:** The experiment requests 103 days total
of beam time, most of which will be parasitic with the approved Hall B
experiment E12-06-109. Thanks to the high luminosity, it features a
unique coverage of kinematics, with data taken as a function of *x*,
*Q*^2^ and *P~T~* independently, for two values of *z*.

**Issues:**

This experiment is well motivated and constitutes an essential part of
the JLab 12 GeV program. The theory underpinning single spin asymmetries
in semi-inclusive DIS is rapidly developing, as evidenced, for example,
by the discussions of the "soft factor" in the formal factorization of
the cross-section, and the PAC looks forward to seeing a more rigorous
foundation for the simple factorized expressions that are used in terms
of the distribution and fragmentation functions. We also stress the
importance of determining the extent to which the data may suffer from
higher twist contamination, and so a comprehensive study of the *Q*^2^
dependence of the asymmetries is essential. (The rapid evolution of this
field is also evidenced by the proliferation of names for the various
distribution functions that have recently arisen, and we hope that a
more intuitive nomenclature will eventually develop.)

**Recommendation: Approval**

**Individual Proposal Report**

**Proposal:** **PR-12-07-104**

**Title:** Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form-Factor at High Q^2^
Using the Ratio Method on Deuterium

**Spokespersons:** G.P. Gilfoyle

**Motivation:** The goal of this experiment is to measure the neutron
magnetic form-factor in the range *Q^2^*=2-14GeV^2^. The physics case is
clear as the nucleon form factors are essential observables for
understanding strongly interacting systems. It is crucial to have both
the neutron and proton form factors, because the isoscalar and isovector
combinations are sensitive to different physical effects. For instance,
the isovector combination is free of the disconnected contributions
which are notoriously difficult to compute on the lattice.

**Measurement and Feasibility:** This experiment uses the ratio method
which reduces experimental and theoretical uncertainties and has already
been successfully employed by the collaboration at 6 GeV. The ratio of
the quasi-elastic cross sections D(e,e\'n) to D(e,e\'p) allows the
neutron magnetic form-factor to be determined assuming that:

i)  the elastic proton cross section is known, which is true and will
    improve in the future.

ii) the neutron electric form factor is known. This is not a critical
    issue because at large Q^2^ its contribution is quite small. As
    shown in the proposal, the final uncertainty due to this incomplete
    knowledge is about 1.5%.

Due to Fermi motion the inelastic cross section is a strong background
under the quasi-elastic peak. This background will be suppressed by
imposing cuts on the angle between the momentum transfer and the
direction of the emitted particle. The problem of proton and neutron
detector efficiency calibration is elegantly solved by using a dual
Hydrogen/Deuterium target. Elastic scattering on Hydrogen will provide
tagged protons and ^+^ electroproduction will provide tagged neutrons.

**Issues:** No objections have been raised about the experimental
technique.

**Recommendation:** **Approval** for Hall B

## Individual Proposal Report {#individual-proposal-report-1 .unnumbered}

**Proposal:** **PR12-07-108**

**Title:** Precision Measurement of the Proton Elastic Cross-section at
High *Q*^2^

**Spokespersons:** J. Arrington, B. Moffit, S. Gilad, B. Wojtsekhowski

**Motivation:** This experiment aims to measure the elastic
electron-proton cross-section in the *Q*^2^ range from 7 to 17.5 GeV^2^
with an unprecedented precision of less than 2%. The principal purpose
of the measurement is twofold. First, the experiment will determine with
new precision the proton magnetic form-factor *G^p^~M~* at high *Q*^2^.
This will be accomplished by removing the contribution of *G^p^~E~* from
the measured cross-section using the results on *G^p^~E~*/*G^p^~M~*
determined via polarization transfer by the proposed experiment
PR12-07-109. Knowledge of *G^p^~M~* and other form-factors is essential
to our understanding of the nucleon, providing in particular important
new constraints on the GPDs. Second, a precise measurement of the proton
elastic cross-section at the kinematics of the 12 GeV JLab facility is
essential for the accurate normalization of numerous other experiments,
notably the measurements of the form-factors *G^p^~E~*, *G^n^~E~*, and
*G^n^~M~*, and of nuclear transparency in *A*(*e*,*ep*) quasielastic
scattering.

**Measurement and Feasibility:** The proposal requests 31 days of
running in Hall A (a third of which might be shared with PR12-07-109)
using only the standard 12 GeV equipment. The quoted systematic
uncertainty is ambitious. The principal challenge is the determination
of the acceptance correction: given the use of an extended 20 cm target,
this will require a knowledge of the Hall A spectrometer optics which
considerably exceeds that currently achieved. The PAC recognizes the
amount of work involved, but feels that the goal is within reach. The
proposal also calls for the addition of a third VDC to the standard HRS
configuration, a modification that the TAC felt was insufficiently
justified. Given the existence of a spare VDC already and the resulting
improvements in track-reconstruction efficiency, the PAC feels that this
upgrade is well worthwhile.

**Issues:** (1) The PAC suggests that the planned list of kinematic
points be expanded so that two or three values are measured at each
*Q*^2^ point in order to constrain 2-exchange (TPE) corrections as
accurately as possible. As these additional measurements are only
possible at the lower *Q*^2^ values, the influence on the total run time
will be modest.

\(2\) A future version of this proposal should include a complete
evaluation of the uncertainties on the *G^p^~M~* measurement: the
plotted uncertainties do not presently account for TPE corrections or
the subtraction of *G^p^~E~*. The treatment of radiative corrections
should also be more consistent: the total error budget for the
cross-section includes the standard radiative corrections, but excludes
the much larger 2% uncertainty on the TPE corrections. The proposal
explains that this TPE uncertainty will not influence the use of the
cross-section measurement for normalization purposes, as they will share
the same correction, but this is (partly) true also for standard
radiative corrections. Moreover, a measurement of the Born-level elastic
cross-section will require complete radiative corrections, including
TPE.

**Recommendation: Approval**

**Individual Proposal Report**

**Proposal:** **PR-12-07-105**

**Title:** Scaling Study of the L-T Separated Pion Electroproduction
Cross-Section at 11 GeV

**Spokespersons:** T. Horn and G. Huber

**Motivation:** This experiment measures pion electroproduction to
determine the separated longitudinal, transverse, and LT and TT
interference responses. Measurements are proposed at three values of
*x~B~*, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.55, as a function of *Q^2^*. It is anticipated
that at higher *Q^2^*, the longitudinal cross section will become much
larger than the transverse cross section, and will fall as *Q^-6^*. In
this case, the longitudinal response can be interpreted in terms of
Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs).

**Measurement and Feasibility:** The proposed experiment uses standard
Hall C equipment, the HMS and SHMS spectrometers in coincidence. It uses
the same techniques as the pion form-factor experiments already run in
Hall C, as well as the higher *Q^2^* F~π~ -experiment already approved
for 12 GeV.

**Issues:** A detailed study to determine whether or not meson
electroproduction can provide information on GPDs is important. The PAC
believes that the kinematics might not be fully optimized. The
experiment could better overlap the *F~π~*-experiment. The collaboration
should consider whether the highest *x / Q^2^* point fully justifies the
large time required.

**Recommendation:** **Approved** for Hall C

## Individual Proposal Report {#individual-proposal-report-2 .unnumbered}

**Proposal:** **PR12-07-101**

**Title:** Hadronization in Nuclei by Deep Inelastic Electron Scattering

**Spokespersons:** B.E. Norum, K. Wang, J.P. Chen, H.J. Lu

**Motivation:** This collaboration proposes to use the high luminosity
capabilities of Hall C to study the hadronization of quarks into pions
and kaons in deep inelastic scattering on nuclei. The experimental plan
is to study the *z* (0.2 \< *z* \< 0.85) and *p~T~ (*0 \< *p~T~* \< 0.8
GeV/c) dependences of hadron attenuation at a fixed of 6 GeV and *Q*^2^
values of 2.82, 4.26, and 5.99 (GeV/c)^2^, with high statistical
precision. Such data are claimed to help discriminate between different
models of hadronization. Beyond its intrinsic interest as a basic
phenomenon of quark-hadron dynamics, a better understanding of
hadronization would be especially useful in refining the interpretation
of recent results from RHIC. Targets of C, Cu, and W are proposed, in
addition to LH~2~ and LD~2~.

**Measurement and Feasibility:** The measurement as planned uses the
capabilities of the future Hall C spectrometers and unpolarized targets.
No significant technical problems are foreseen.

**Issues:** This program would be complementary to that approved in Hall
B (at similar kinematics) due to its ability to use high luminosity to
focus on particular kinematic dependences with much higher precision,
and its ability to identify kaons at high momenta (a capability which is
absent from the planned CLAS12 spectrometer). The proposed range of
measurements is too limited in hadron *p~T~*, and should be extended to
*p~T~* greater than 1 GeV/c where it is most difficult for large
acceptance spectrometers to obtain sufficient statistics. Given the
HERMES data on Xe, the W target should be replaced with a higher-A
target, such as Pb. An explicit demonstration of the connection of the
specifically proposed measurements to RHIC physics issues would
strengthen the motivation. The committee felt that the present choice of
kinematics was not shown to address specific theoretical questions to
which the high-precision and kaon capabilities would provide a direct
answer *and* which could not be answered by the CLAS12 experiment. In
fact, despite the opinions expressed above, it is probably premature to
choose new kinematics for the measurement until the theory community has
had sufficient time to understand the implications of the recent large
sets of CLAS and HERMES hadron attenuation data.

**Recommendation: Conditional approval**

**Conditions to be addressed:**

1\) Identify kinematic choices which address specific hadronization
physics questions that cannot be adequately addressed by the approved
CLAS12 experiment (or previous data).

2\) Provide a detailed demonstration of the impact of the proposed
measurement on RHIC physics.

3\) Investigate the extension of the measurements to higher values of
*p~T~*, several values, and a heavier target.

##  {#section-2 .unnumbered}

**Individual Proposal Report**

**Proposal: PR12-07-106**

**Title:** The A-dependence of J/ψ photoproduction near threshold

**Spokespersons: P. Bosted, E. Chudakov, J.A. Dunne**

**Motivation:** This experiment proposes to measure J/ψ photoproduction
on a range of nuclear targets from Be to Au. From the A-dependence the
cross-section for J/ψ nucleon

interaction just above threshold will be determined to a factor of 3
better precision than at SLAC thirty years ago. Knowledge of this
cross-section for J/ψ production on cold matter may serve as key input
to the interpretation of J/ψ production results in heavy ion collisions.

**Measurement and Feasibility:** The method of this experiment is
elegant and should undoubtedly lead to differential cross-section
results as a function of *s* and *t* with the

precision claimed. The experimental design is well thought out. Thick
radiators are used to produce the bremsstrahlung, while segmented solid
targets are employed to help control systematic errors. The J/ψ's are
identified through their significant dilepton decay modes, both electron
and muon. The HMS is used at relatively large angles to detect the
negatively charged leptons in coincidence with the SHMS at forward
angles to detect the positive leptons. This arrangement optimizes real
rate, reduces background and gives excellent mass resolution for the
J/ψ.

**Issues:** The key issues are the motivation for these measurements and
why it is critical that these take place in the first 5 years of running
of the 12 GeV upgrade. In particular:

\(1\) how will a more precise value of the near threshold cross-section
impact on the interpretation of RHIC results on J/ψ production?

\(2\) what impact will a more precise measurement of the absorption
cross-section have on conventional nuclear physics description of such a
process?

(3) will such a measurement motivate a lattice calculation of the J/ψ
    scattering length

> of corresponding precision on a similar time scale. A quenched
> calculation appears feasible.

**Recommendation: Conditionally approved.**

**Individual Proposal Report**

**Proposal: PR12-07-102**

**Title:** Precision Measurement of the Parity-Violating Asymmetry in
Deep Inelastic Scattering off Deuterium Using Baseline 12 GeV Equipment
in Hall C

**Spokespersons:** Paul Reimer, Kent Paschke, and Xiaochao Zheng

**Motivation:**

It is proposed to measure the large helicity asymmetry in the scattering
of 12 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons on deuterium in the
deep-inelastic regime with a statistical uncertainty of 0.5%.

**Measurement and Feasibility:**

The experiment will use both Hall C 12 GeV spectrometers and a 40-cm
liquid ^2^H target. The kinematical range of the experiment is centered
on Q^2^=3.3 GeV^2^, x=.34, and W^2^=7.3 GeV^2^, well within the deep
inelastic electron scattering regime. The Parity-Violating (PV)
asymmetry is large and can be measured with a statistical uncertainty of
less than 0.5% using counting techniques. The large asymmetry arises
from the lepton-quark couplings 2C~2u~-C~2d~ and is modified, at the few
percent level, by charge-symmetry-violating effects and higher-twist
effects. All three effects are interesting and their determination has a
high scientific priority. If 2C~2u~-C~2d~ can be measured with 0.5%
uncertainty, the Standard Model would be tested with precision
comparable to the best contemporary experiments. It may be possible to
determine separately these three sources of PV asymmetry as these have
different kinematical signatures (see below). However, such a separation
is beyond the scope of the proposal. Nevertheless, the group proposing
the experiment has a strong record of accomplishment in the physics and
techniques of parity violation in electron scattering.

**Issues:** The physics issues contained in this proposal, testing the
Standard Model by measuring lepton-quark weak couplings, observing
charge-symmetry violation, and observing higher twist effects, are very
interesting and important provided that they can be disentangled. The
proposed measurement determines a linear combination of 2C~1u~-C~1d~ and
2C~2u~-C~2d~**.** The size of the uncertainty in this correction should
be quantified. The asymmetry from photon-Z interference is \~*Q^2^.* The
proposal argues that the asymmetries from higher-twist decrease with
*Q^2^*, while asymmetries from charge symmetry breaking increase with
*x*. The *Q^2^-x* acceptance (shown in Figure 5.) indicates that the
variation of *Q^2^* and *x* are highly correlated. It is therefore not
possible to separate the three effects from their kinematical
signatures. The proponents should investigate the possibility of using
multiple spectrometer settings and/or energies in order to achieve a
kinematical separation.

The 40cm ^2^ H target will produce a large neutron background. A
strategy for reducing this background should be developed and modeled.
The experiment requests 85 A which is larger than the 80 A specified in
the upgrade. The time allocated to spectrometer calibrations may be too
short to study rate effects and the reproducibility of acceptance
measurements. The asymmetries will be large, but some time should be
allocated for the measurement of helicity-correlated modulations. While
the HMS has been well characterized, there may be surprises in early
running of the SHMS. The best projected measurement of beam polarization
has an uncertainty of 1.0 %. The proposal assumes an uncertainty of less
than 0.5% in the goal of an overall statistical uncertainty of 0.5%. A
plan leading to a polarization uncertainty of \< 0.5% should be
developed or the overall uncertainty should be relaxed. Experimental
backgrounds such as scattering from the spectrometer walls should be
modeled.

**Recommendation:** **Conditional approval** subject to satisfactorily
addressing the above issues.

**Proposal: PR12-07-103**

**Title:** The Nuclear Transparency of Pion-photoproduction from ^4^He
at 12 GeV

**Spokesperson:** Dipangkar Dutta, Haiyan Gao

**Motivation:** This proposal intends to measure ^-^ photoproduction on
the neutron at ~cm~ = 90° for five incident photon energies between 3.3
GeV and 11 GeV, using the quasifree n p reaction on deuteron and ^4^He
targets. The objective of the experiment is to measure nuclear
transparency (NT) by comparing the production cross-sections obtained
for the two target nuclei. A rise of NT as a function of \|*t*\|
(momentum transfer squared) would be an indication for the onset of
*color transparency* (CT), the vanishing of hadron interactions in the
nuclear medium at high momentum transfers. At lower energies, a previous
experiment (E94-104) has obtained hints for a CT-like behavior, and the
new proposal would extend the CT measurement to higher \|*t*\|. Other
issues are (i) to investigate the charm threshold region to confirm or
disprove the existence of a novel resonance, which has been discussed as
a possible explanation for the transparency result obtained in an
A(p,2p) measurement, and (ii) to establish possible connections with QCD
factorization in deeply-virtual meson production (DVMP), which is
claimed to rigorously require the onset of CT.

**Measurement and Feasibility:** It is proposed to conduct the
experiment in Hall C with a 20 -- 50 µA electron beam on to a 6% RL
copper radiator for bremsstrahlung production, using the HMS (^^) and
the SHMS (p) for coincident detection. The dominant background will be
quasielastic (e,e´p), which will be reduced by the use of gas and
aerogel Cherenkov detectors. Within a beamtime of 14.5 days the
cross-section will be obtained to a total accuracy of better than 5%
over the \|*t*\|-range of 3 -- 9 GeV^2^.

**Issues:** CT has been observed in dijet production at high energy,
electroproduction of ^0^s in nuclei, and more recently in pion
electroproduction A(e,e´); a CT signal for A(e,e´p) has not been
observed for momentum transfers up to about 8 (GeV/c)^2^. There are
already two approved 12 GeV proposals (E12-06-106 and E12-06-107) aiming
to investigate CT in electroproduction. While no concern has been raised
that the experiment will not be feasible, there is consensus in the PAC
that the proposed photoproduction measurement will not be able to add
significant new information beyond one possible basic observation:
namely, a possible further increase of transparency for larger \|*t*\|
which might be interpreted as an additional indication for CT by a
comparison with model calculations. The connection of the observation of
CT in the photoproduction experiment to other observations of CT with
pions was not clear. Up to now only qualitative ideas have been
presented to indicate that electro- and photo-production might probe
different regions in the formation-length vs. effective-size parameter
space -- this would have to be substantiated by more detailed
calculations. The charm-threshold region is not scanned in small enough
steps to observe a possible resonance or its impact on transparency,
which in any case needs to be quantified. While the PAC remains
interested in the exploration of CT phenomenon, it feels that the
proposed measurement is not clearly one that should be included in the
first set of experiments. Finally, the physics motivation based on the
relationship with the GPD program ("factorization \[in exclusive meson
production\] is rigorously not possible without the onset of CT") is
misleading (or irrelevant) in the context of this experiment: the
factorization theorem of the GPD program is for meson production by a
highly virtual photon [together with]{.underline} a moderate momentum
transfer to the target while this experiment deals with meson production
by a real photon with high momentum transfer to the target. Thus the
respective kinematical domains where QCD factorization holds in each
case are totally different.

**Recommendation: Defer**

**APPENDIX E**

**Individual Proposal Report**

**Proposal:** **LOI-12-07-101**

**Scientific Rating:** N/A

**Title:** Lambda Polarization in the Target Fragmentation Region

**Spokespersons:** H. Avakian

**Motivation:** This experiment measures both exclusive and inclusive
final states at the same time in the p(e,e\'Λ)X reaction. There are a
number of motivations, as the physics is different for the inclusive and
exclusive processes. For inclusive production, the reaction can reflect
generally the production process, and more specifically physics such as
fracture functions and the polarization of the strange quark sea in the
proton. For exclusive production, the data might be used to constrain
the generalized parton distributions (GPDs).

**Measurement and Feasibility:** The proposed experiment uses standard
CLAS12 equipment. A 6-GeV version of this experiment has already run in
Hall B, with some preliminary results presented in the LOI. Since the Λ
decay is self-analyzing, determining the Λ polarization is
straightforward.

**Issues:** While the data will significantly improve on existing
measurements, it is not clear what will be learned from them beyond
input to reaction mechanism phenomenology. In particular, it is not
clear how much can actually be learned about the strange quark
polarization. The physics results would be considerably richer if a
polarized target were used, and the PAC encourages the collaboration to
consider this possibility. When proceeding to a proposal, what is being
learned from HERMES and COMPASS data should be taken into account. There
is no discussion of backgrounds in the LOI, in particular possible
contamination of the Λ channel from production of higher mass hyperons
that decay into Λ\'s. Finally, as GPDs only apply to the longitudinal
cross section, the interpretation of unseparated cross sections in terms
of GPDs might be mistaken and misleading.

**Recommendation:** The collaboration is encouraged to develop a
proposal.

**Individual Proposal Report**

**Proposal: LOI-12-07-102**

**Title:** Tagged Neutron Structure Function in Deuterium

**Spokespersons:** S. Kuhn, S. Bultmann, K. Griffioen

**Motivation:** The central purpose of this proposal is to study the
deuteron under special kinematic conditions aimed at enhancing the EMC
effect. In particular, the reaction D(e,e'p)X is measured where the
proton is detected in the backward direction and deep inelastic
scattering on the neutron is emphasized. These particular kinematics are
believed to minimize final state interactions. In addition, the outgoing
proton momentum is relatively large in order to emphasize the N-N
interaction at short range, where the EMC effect is expected to be
enhanced. A better understanding of the EMC effect may be possible in a
simple nucleus where precise nuclear calculations can be performed.
These data could help with the extraction of the neutron structure
function from the BONUS experiments.

**Measurement and Feasibility:** Although the experiment is feasible at
some level, it is not clear from the LOI that sufficient statistics can
be accumulated to observe the EMC effect in the deuteron, particularly
if the effect is as small as some models predict.

**Issues:**

(1) Provide a convincing interpretation of the existing data, shown in
    Fig. 2 of the LOI, before proceeding to a full proposal.

(2) Develop a fully quantitative strategy for unraveling short range
    correlations in the deuteron and the final state interaction from a
    possible exotic EMC effect.

(3) Ensure that there is sufficient statistical precision and systematic
    accuracy to pin down a reasonable prediction for the EMC effect.

(4) Discuss in a quantitative way, possibly from existing data, whether
    there is a real background of backward going protons from secondary
    hadronic processes in the interaction that could contaminate the
    desired data.

(5) Discuss whether a possible D(e,e'n)X companion experiment could help
    in the interpretation of the proposed data.

**Recommendation**: A full proposal is encouraged provided the issues
listed above can be addressed adequately.

**Individual Proposal Report**

**Proposal: LOI12-07-103**

**Title:** A Detailed Study of Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Pion
Productions on Unpolarized Proton and Deuteron Targets with the CLAS12
Detector.

**Spokespersons:** X. Jiang and H. Lu

**Motivation:** The authors propose a detailed study of event
multiplicity, azimuthal angle and transverse momentum dependence of
semi-inclusive pion production with 11 GeV (and 8.8, 6.6 GeV) electron
beam scattering off unpolarized proton and deuteron targets using the
large acceptance CLAS12 detector. Measurements will span a dense
three-dimensional grid of *x*, *Q^2^* and *z* and a wide *p~T~* range.
These survey data will be inputs to the next generation NLO global
analysis of the polarized and unpolarized SIDIS as well as *e^+^e^-^*
and *pp* data, to constrain the parton fragmentation functions,
densities and helicity distributions. The proposed study will thus be of
great importance for understanding the (deep) inelastic
electroproduction and will belong to the mainstream of the scientific
program of the Laboratory.

**Measurement and Feasibility:** This experiment will be entirely
parasitic to any physics program involving CLAS12. However extracting
the interesting events from the collected data as well as their analysis
will be a major effort for which a large group with clearly defined
commitments will be necessary.

**Issues:** The submitted document does not meet the criteria of a
standard letter-of-intent. It lacks details of the experiment and
simulation, data analysis, expected uncertainties as well as discussion
of the relation of this experiment to other experiments and detailed
information concerning the analysis commitments of the group.

**Recommendation:** In spite of the drawbacks listed above, the
committee recognizes the fundamental value of the proposed study and
encourages the proponents to submit a full proposal.

**APPENDIX F**

**Jefferson Lab Experiments, PAC 32,**

**Grouped by Category**

(To access Appendix F, go to
<http://www.jlab.org/exp_prog/proposals/07prop.html>