**NEBRASKA**

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="2.6659722222222224in"
height="1.4881944444444444in"}

Fig. 1. Bird monitoring regions in Nebraska.

**Bird monitoring region 62: Nebraska-Short Grass Prairie**

This region covers the Short Grass Prairie region of Nebraska.
Approximately 16 aquatic species occur at least commonly, at some time
of year, in the region (Table 1); 8 designated sites and 2 matrix
stratum have been identified (Fig. 2, Table 2).

Table 1. Aquatic species that occur commonly in bird monitoring region
62 (M=migration, B=breeding season, W=winter).

  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- --------------- -------------
  **Species**        **Seasons**   **Species**    **Seasons**   **Species**     **Seasons**

  Pied-billed Grebe  M             Blue-winged    M             Snowy Plover    B
                                   Teal                                         

  Double-crested     M             Redhead        M             Killdeer        MB
  Cormorant                                                                     

  Great Blue Heron   MB            Ring-necked    M             American Avocet B
                                   Duck                                         

  Canada Goose       MW            Lesser Scaup   M             Willet          M

  Mallard            MB            Common         M             Lesser          M
                                   Merganser                    Yellowlegs      

  Green-winged Teal  M             Ruddy Duck     M             Spotted         M
                                                                Sandpiper       
  ------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------- --------------- -------------

*Stratum 1: Designated Sites*

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="3.5104166666666665in"
height="1.9777777777777779in"}

Fig. 2. Designated sites and matrix strata in bird monitoring region 62

Table 2. Designated sites in bird monitoring region 62. Site
descriptions are available from the University of Nebraska at Kearney
(http://rip.physics.unk.edu/NOU/NeFBA/).

  ------ -------------------------- ------- --------- ------------- ------------- ------------
  Site   SiteName                   Lat.    Long.     Importance to Importance to Comments
  ID                                                  secretive     migrating     
                                                      marsh birds   shorebirds    

  1      Clear Creek Waterfowl      41.30   -102.06   Medium        Medium         
         Management Area                                                          

  2      Enders Reservoir           40.42   -101.52   Medium        Medium        Virginia
                                                                                  rails

  3      Imperial Light Dam         40.46   -101.70   Low           Low            
                                                      (ephemeral)   (ephemeral)   

  4      Kiowa State WMA            41.92   -103.94   High          High           

  5      North Platte NWR / Lake    41.93   -103.50   Unknown       Unknown        
         Alice / Lake Minatare                                                    

  6      Oliver Reservoir State     41.23   -103.83   Unknown       Unknown        
         Recreation Area                                                          

  7      Rock Creek State           40.10   -101.76   Medium        Low            
         Recreation Area                                                          

  8      Winters Creek Lake         41.96   -103.53   Unknown       Unknown        
  ------ -------------------------- ------- --------- ------------- ------------- ------------

*Stratum 2: Nebraska Playa Lakes (matrix stratum)*

[]{.mark}

Stratum 2 includes all areas in BMR 62 that make up the playa lakes
matrix in the Panhandle and southwestern Nebraska that are not in
designated sites or other matrix strata. All of the focal species in the
BMR likely occur in the stratum. Type 1 habitat is made up of Nebraska's
extensive playa wetlands, which are mostly farmed. Few if any hold water
annually and contain emergent vegetation, but most of them have high
shorebird use when water is present during migration periods. Type 2
habitat is any other small lakes, ponds, and small wetland areas, such
as those created by creek and river beds, or artificially created ones,
such as through agricultural processes. Survey methods have not been
designed for the stratum but are expected to vary widely among the
survey areas. Type 1 and Type 2 habitat includes state and federal
ownership, but is mostly privately owned so gaining access will require
careful planning.

*Stratum 3: North & South Platte River Corridors (matrix stratum)*

[]{.mark}

Stratum 3 includes all areas along the North and South Platte Rivers in
BMR 62 that are not in designated sites or other matrix strata. Some to
all of the focal species in the BMR may occur in the stratum. The North
Platte River flows northward from Colorado into east-central Wyoming and
then flows southeast into western Nebraska to its confluence with the
South Platte River. The South Platte River flows northward through
Denver to Greeley, Colorado, and then northeastward to its confluence
with the North Platte River near North Platte, Nebraska. Type 1 habitat
is made up of river floodplain wetlands along these two river corridors.
The habitat along the section of the North Platte River from Wyoming
southward to the city of North Platte is of particularly high value to
both marsh birds and shorebirds. Type 2 habitat is any other small
lakes, ponds, and small wetland areas, such as those created by oxbows
along Platte River tributary rivers and creeks. Survey methods have not
been designed for the stratum but are expected to vary widely among the
survey areas. Type 1 and Type 2 habitat includes state and federal
ownership, but is mostly privately owned so gaining access will require
careful planning.

***Source***: T. J. Walker, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Site
names are from interviews and online descriptions of Nebraska birding
areas through the University of Nebraska at Kearney
(http://rip.physics.unk.edu/NOU/NeFBA/). The species list was based on 1
checklist from the region.

**Bird monitoring region 63: Nebraska-Central Mixed Grass Prairie**

This region covers the Central Mixed Grass Prairie region of Nebraska.
Approximately 46 aquatic species occur at least commonly, at some time
of year, in the region (Table 3); 36 designated sites and 3 matrix
stratum have been identified (Fig. 3, Table 4).

Table 3. Aquatic species that occur commonly in bird monitoring region
63 (M=migration, B=breeding season, W=winter).

  ------------------- ------------- ---------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------
  **Species**         **Seasons**   **Species**      **Seasons**   **Species**       **Seasons**

  Eared Grebe         MB            Canvasback       M             Lesser Yellowlegs M

  Pied-billed Grebe   MB            Redhead          M             Long-billed       MB
                                                                   Curlew            

  Western Grebe       MB            Ring-necked Duck M             Baird\'s          MB
                                                                   Sandpiper         

  American White      MB            Lesser Scaup     M             Upland Sandpiper  MB
  Pelican                                                                            

  Double-crested      MB            Bufflehead       M             Long-billed       M
  Cormorant                                                        Dowitcher         

  American Bittern    MB            Common Merganser M             Wilson\'s         MB
                                                                   Phalarope         

  Black-crowned       MB            Ruddy Duck       MB            Red-necked        M
  Night-Heron                                                      Phalarope         

  Great Blue Heron    MB            Northern Harrier MB            Franklin\'s Gull  M

  Canada Goose        MBW           Bald Eagle       W             Ring-billed Gull  MB

  Mallard             MBW           Virginia Rail    MB            Forster\'s Tern   MB

  Gadwall             MB            Sora             MB            Common Tern       MB

  Green-winged Teal   M             American Coot    MB            Black Tern        MB

  American Wigeon     M             Sandhill Crane   M             Marsh Wren        MB

  Northern Pintail    MB            Killdeer         MB            Yellow-headed     MB
                                                                   Blackbird         

  Northern Shoveler   MB            American Avocet  MB            Red-winged        MBW
                                                                   Blackbird         

  Blue-winged Teal    MB                                                              
  ------------------- ------------- ---------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------

*Stratum 1: Designated sites*

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="3.5104166666666665in"
height="1.9777777777777779in"}

Fig. 3. Designated sites and matrix strata in bird monitoring region 63

Table 4. Designated sites in bird monitoring region 63. Site
descriptions are available from the University of Nebraska at Kearney
(http://rip.physics.unk.edu/NOU/NeFBA/).

+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| S | SiteName                 | L   | Lo  | Impo   | Impor | Comments |
| i |                          | at. | ng. | rtance | tance |          |
| t |                          |     |     | to     | to    |          |
| e |                          |     |     | sec    | migr  |          |
| I |                          |     |     | retive | ating |          |
| D |                          |     |     | marsh  | shore |          |
|   |                          |     |     | birds  | birds |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Audubon\'s Lillian       | 40  | -98 | U      | M     |          |
|   | Annette Rowe Sanctuary   | .67 | .89 | nknown | edium |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Calamus Reservoir SRA    | 41  | -99 | U      | Un    |          |
|   |                          | .88 | .28 | nknown | known |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Crescent Lake NWR        | 41  | -   | High   | High  |          |
|   |                          | .71 | 102 |        |       |          |
|   |                          |     | .42 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 4 | Davis Creek Reservoir    | 41  | -98 | U      | Un    |          |
|   |                          | .42 | .75 | nknown | known |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 5 | Elk Point Bend WMA\*     | 42  | -98 | U      | Un    |          |
|   |                          | .71 | .06 | nknown | known |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 6 | Fort Niobrara NWR        | 42  | -   | U      | Un    |          |
|   |                          | .89 | 100 | nknown | known |          |
|   |                          |     | .47 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 7 | Funk Waterfowl           | 40  | -99 | High   | High  |          |
|   | Production Area          | .50 | .22 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 8 | Gavins Point Dam &       | 42  | -97 | High   | High  |          |
|   |                          | .86 | .49 |        |       |          |
|   | Lewis and Clark Lake     |     |     |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 9 | Gleason Waterfowl        | 40  | -99 | Not    | High  |          |
|   | Production Area          | .44 | .03 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Harlan County Reservoir  | 40  | -99 | Low    | Low   |          |
| 0 |                          | .07 | .21 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Hayes Center WMA.        | 40  | -   | Medium | Not   |          |
| 1 |                          | .59 | 100 |        |       |          |
|   |                          |     | .93 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | High WMA                 | 40  | -99 | U      | Un    |          |
| 2 |                          | .55 | .61 | nknown | known |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Jeffrey Lake State WMA & | 40  | -   | U      | Low   |          |
| 3 |                          | .96 | 100 | nknown |       |          |
|   | Jeffrey Reservoir        |     | .40 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Johnson Lake             | 41  | -   | Not    | M     |          |
| 4 |                          | .90 | 102 |        | edium |          |
|   |                          |     | .67 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Lake Babcock             | 41  | -97 | U      | High  |          |
| 5 |                          | .47 | .33 | nknown |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Lake McConaughy          | 41  | -   | High   | High  |          |
| 6 |                          | .22 | 101 |        |       |          |
|   |                          |     | .67 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Lake Ogallala            | 41  | -   | High   | High  |          |
| 7 |                          | .23 | 101 |        |       |          |
|   |                          |     | .66 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Long Lake and Willow     | 42  | -   | U      | Un    |          |
| 8 | Lake                     | .55 | 100 | nknown | known |          |
|   |                          |     | .59 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 1 | Loup Junction (also      | 41  | -98 | Medium | Not   |          |
| 9 | called Leonard A.        | .27 | .41 |        |       |          |
|   | Koziol) State WMA        |     |     |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Macon Lakes Waterfowl    | 40  | -98 | High   | Low   |          |
| 0 | Production Area          | .18 | .96 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Marsh Wren State WMA     | 41  | -98 | High   | Low   |          |
| 1 |                          | .27 | .53 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Medicine Creek Reservoir | 40  | -   | Low    | Low   |          |
| 2 | SRA                      | .40 | 100 |        |       |          |
|   |                          |     | .25 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Merritt Reservoir        | 42  | -   | U      | Un    |          |
| 3 |                          | .63 | 100 | nknown | known |          |
|   |                          |     | .87 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Milburn Diversion Dam    | 41  | -99 | U      | Un    |          |
| 4 | State WMA                | .75 | .77 | nknown | known |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Niobrara Valley Preserve | 42  | -   | U      | Un    |          |
| 5 |                          | .79 | 100 | nknown | known |          |
|   |                          |     | .07 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Quadhammer Waterfowl     | 40  | -99 | High   | Low   |          |
| 6 | Production Area          | .31 | .10 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Red Willow Reservoir     | 40  | -   | Low    | Low   |          |
| 7 | State Recreation Area    | .35 | 100 |        |       |          |
|   |                          |     | .68 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Republican River Valley  | 40  | -99 | U      | M     | Green    |
| 8 |                          | .00 | .35 | nknown | edium | herons   |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 2 | Ritterbush Waterfowl     | 40  | -99 | High   | Low   |          |
| 9 | Production Area          | .26 | .04 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Sacramento-Wilcox WMA    | 40  | -99 | Medium | M     |          |
| 0 |                          | .37 | .25 |        | edium |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Sandy Channel State WMA  | 40  | -99 | Medium | M     |          |
| 1 |                          | .67 | .37 |        | edium |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Swan Lake                | 41  | -   | U      | Un    |          |
| 2 |                          | .73 | 101 | nknown | known |          |
|   |                          |     | .48 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Swanson Reservoir SRA    | 40  | -   | Medium | M     |          |
| 3 |                          | .17 | 101 |        | edium |          |
|   |                          |     | .11 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Valentine NWR            | 42  | -   | High   | M     |          |
| 4 |                          | .49 | 100 |        | edium |          |
|   |                          |     | .62 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Victoria Springs SRA     | 41  | -99 | Low    | Not   |          |
| 5 |                          | .61 | .75 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Wellfleet State WMA      | 40  | -   | Medium | Not   |          |
| 6 |                          | .76 | 100 |        |       |          |
|   |                          |     | .75 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Wilkinson WMA            | 41  | -97 | High   | High  |          |
| 7 |                          | .49 | .45 |        |       |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+
| 3 | Wood Duck WMA            | 41  | -97 | Medium | M     |          |
| 8 |                          | .93 | .28 |        | edium |          |
+---+--------------------------+-----+-----+--------+-------+----------+

\* Is being developed as wetland and restored grasslands and should have
great potential for both groups in the future.

*Stratum 2: Middle Platte River & Platte River Valley (matrix stratum)*

[]{.mark}

Stratum 2 includes all areas along the middle section North Platte River
and the Platte River Valley that are not in designated sites or other
matrix strata. All of the focal species in the BMR likely occur in the
stratum. Once the South Platte River joins with it, the North Platte
River flows east across Nebraska to the Missouri River at Plattsmouth,
Nebraska. Type 1 habitat is made up of river floodplain wetlands along
the main river valley. Type 2 habitat is any other small lakes, ponds,
and small wetland areas, such as those created by oxbows along Platte
River tributary rivers and creeks. Survey methods have not been designed
for the stratum but are expected to vary widely among the survey areas.
Type 1 and Type 2 habitat includes state and federal ownership, but is
mostly privately owned so gaining access will require careful planning.

*Stratum 3: Rainwater Basin Region (matrix stratum)*

[]{.mark}

Stratum 3 is made up of the Rainwater Basin Region in central Nebraska
that are not in designated sites or other matrix strata. All of the
focal species in the BMR likely occur in the stratum. Type 1 habitat is
made up of 3,900 major wetlands covering 94,700 acres, scattered across
the tall-grass prairies. Water levels are variable. The Rainwater Basin
Region is recognized as the focal point of a spring migration corridor
used by millions of ducks, geese and other migratory birds annually.
This migration corridor is shaped like an hourglass with the Rainwater
Basins located at the constriction, and includes parts of 17 counties in
south-central Nebraska. Type 2 habitat is any other small lakes, ponds,
and small wetland areas, including artificially created ones, such as
reservoirs for agriculture and waterfowl management. Survey methods have
not been designed for the stratum but are expected to vary widely among
the survey areas. Type 1 and Type 2 habitat includes state and federal
ownership, but is mostly privately owned so gaining access will require
careful planning.

*Stratum 4: Sandhills Wetlands (matrix stratum)*

[]{.mark}

Stratum 4 includes all areas in the Sandhills Region of the eastern
Panhandle and north-central Nebraska that are not in designated sites or
other matrix strata. All of the focal species in the BMR likely occur in
the stratum. Type 1 habitat includes the freshwater wetlands of the
eastern Sandhills area, but also the freshwater and alkaline wetlands
that are scattered across the western Sandhills-eastern Panhandle
region. Type 2 habitat is any other small lakes, ponds, and small
wetland areas, including artificially created ones, such as reservoirs
for agriculture and waterfowl management. Survey methods have not been
designed for the stratum but are expected to vary widely among the
survey areas. Type 1 and Type 2 habitat includes state and federal
ownership, but is mostly privately owned so gaining access will require
careful planning.

***Source***: T. J. Walker, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Site
names are from interviews and online descriptions of Nebraska birding
areas through the University of Nebraska at Kearney
(http://rip.physics.unk.edu/NOU/NeFBA/). The species list was based on 3
checklists from the region.

**Bird monitoring region 64: Nebraska-Eastern Tall Grass Prairie**

This region covers the Eastern Tall Grass Prairie region of Nebraska.
Approximately 28 aquatic species occur at least commonly, at some time
of year, in the region (Table 5); 13 designated sites and 2 matrix
strata have been identified (Fig. 4, Table 6).

Table 5. Aquatic species that occur commonly in bird monitoring region
64 (M=migration, B=breeding season, W=winter).

  ----------------- ------------- ---------------- ------------- ------------------- -------------
  **Species**       **Seasons**   **Species**      **Seasons**   **Species**         **Seasons**

  Pied-billed Grebe M             American Wigeon  M             American Coot       M

  American White    M             Northern Pintail M             Killdeer            MB
  Pelican                                                                            

  Double-crested    M             Northern         M             Greater Yellowlegs  M
  Cormorant                       Shoveler                                           

  Great Blue Heron  M             Blue-winged Teal M             Lesser Yellowlegs   M

  Snow Goose        M             Ring-necked Duck M             Spotted Sandpiper   MB

  Canada Goose      M             Lesser Scaup     M             Ring-billed Gull    M

  Wood Duck         MB            Common Goldeneye W             Black Tern          MB

  Mallard           MW            Common Merganser MW            Tree Swallow        M

  Gadwall           M             Bald Eagle       MW            Red-winged          MBW
                                                                 Blackbird           

  Green-winged Teal M                                                                 
  ----------------- ------------- ---------------- ------------- ------------------- -------------

*Stratum 1: Designated sites*

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="3.5104166666666665in"
height="1.9777777777777779in"}

Fig. 4. Designated sites and matrix strata in bird monitoring region 64

Table 6. Designated sites in bird monitoring region 64. Site
descriptions are available from the University of Nebraska at Kearney
(http://rip.physics.unk.edu/NOU/NeFBA/).

  ------ ---------------------- ------- -------- ------------ ------------ ---------------
  Site   SiteName               Lat.    Long.    Importance   Importance   Comments
  ID                                             to secretive to migrating 
                                                 marsh birds  shorebirds   

  1      Branched Oak Lake      40.98   -96.87   Unknown      High          
         SRA/WMA                                              (depends on  
                                                              water        
                                                              levels)      

  2      DeSoto NWR             41.52   -96.00   Not          Medium        

  3      Fontenelle Forest      41.18   -95.92   High         Low           

  4      Jack Sinn Memorial WMA 41.03   -96.63   Low          High          
                                                              (depends on  
                                                              water        
                                                              levels)      

  5      Lincoln Saline         40.82   -96.73   High         High         Rails
         Wetlands                                                          

  6      Little Salt Fork Marsh 40.88   -96.66   Medium       High          

  7      Nathan\'s Lake         41.41   -95.95   Not          High          

  8      Pawnee Lake SRA        40.85   -96.87   Unknown      Unknown       

  9      Pelican Point SRA      41.84   -96.11   Not          Not           

  10     Schilling WMA          41.03   -95.87   High         Low           
                                                 (depends on               
                                                 water                     
                                                 levels)                   

  11     Summit Lake SRA        41.76   -96.29   Not          Low           

  12     Whitetail WMA          41.41   -97.09   Not          High          

  13     Zorinsky Lake          41.22   -96.18   Not          Low          Primarily
                                                                           waterfowl
  ------ ---------------------- ------- -------- ------------ ------------ ---------------

*Stratum 2: Missouri River Corridor (matrix stratum)*

[]{.mark}

Stratum 2 includes all areas along the Missouri River that are not in
designated sites or other matrix strata. Some to all of the focal
species in the BMR may occur in the stratum. The Missouri River forms
the northeastern and eastern boundary of the state. Type 1 habitat is
made up of river-associated wetlands found along the Missouri River
corridor, such as cattail marshes and oxbow wetlands. Type 1 habitat
also includes large-scale restoration projects that extend from Sioux
City, Iowa to the mouth of the Missouri River near St. Louis which have
been initiated to restore human-altered river wetlands and are known
collectively as the Missouri River Mitigation Project. Type 2 habitat is
any other small lakes, ponds, and small wetland areas, including
artificially created ones, such as reservoirs for agriculture and
waterfowl management. Survey methods have not been designed for the
stratum but are expect to vary widely among the survey areas. Type 1 and
Type 2 habitat includes state and federal ownership, but is mostly
privately owned so gaining access will require careful planning.

[]{.mark}

*Stratum 3: Eastern Nebraska (matrix stratum)*

[]{.mark}

Stratum 2 includes all areas in BMR 64 that are not in designated sites
or previous matrix strata. Some to all of the focal species in the BMR
may occur in the stratum. Type 1 habitat is made up of lakes,
reservoirs, or significant wetlands that have not been covered. Type 2
habitat includes smaller bodies of water that would be surveyed less
often, such as ponds or smaller riparian-associated wetlands. Survey
methods have not been designed for the stratum but are expect to vary
widely among the survey areas. Type 1 and Type 2 habitat includes state
and federal ownership, but is mostly privately owned so gaining access
will require careful planning.

[]{.mark}

***Source***: T. J. Walker, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Site
names are from interviews and online descriptions of Nebraska birding
areas through the University of Nebraska at Kearney
(http://rip.physics.unk.edu/NOU/NeFBA/). The species list was based on 1
checklist from the region.