SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY on Promoting Hospital Librarianship

Abels, E. G., K. W. Cogdill, et al. (2002). \"The contribution of
library and information services to hospitals and academic health
sciences centers: a preliminary taxonomy.\" [Journal of the Medical
Library Association]{.underline} **90**(3): 276-84.

OBJECTIVES: This article presents taxonomy of the contributions of
library and information services (LIS) in hospitals and academic health
sciences centers. The taxonomy emerges from a study with three
objectives: to articulate the value of LIS for hospitals and academic
health sciences centers in terms of contributions to organizational
missions and goals, to identify measures and measurable surrogates
associated with each LIS contribution, and to document best practices
for communicating the value of LIS to institutional administrators.
METHODS: The preliminary taxonomy of LIS contributions in hospitals and
academic health sciences centers is based on a review of the literature,
twelve semi-structured interviews with LIS directors and institutional
administrators, and a focus group of administrators from five academic,
teaching, and non-teaching hospitals. RESULTS: Derived from the balanced
scorecard approach, the taxonomy of LIS contributions is organized on
the basis of five mission-level concepts and fifteen organizational
goals. LIS contributions are included only if they have measurable
surrogates. CONCLUSIONS: The taxonomy of LIS contributions offers a
framework for the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data
in support of communicating the value of LIS in hospitals and academic
health sciences centers.

Abels, E. G., K. W. Cogdill, et al. (2004). \"Identifying and
communicating the contributions of library and information services in
hospitals and academic health sciences centers.\" [Journal of the
Medical Library Association]{.underline} **92**(1): 46-55.

OBJECTIVE: This article introduces a systematic approach to identifying
and communicating the value of library and information services (LIS)
from the perspective of their contributions to achieving organizational
goals. METHODS: The contributions of library and information services
(CLIS) approach for identifying and communicating the value of LIS draws
on findings from a multi-method study of hospitals and academic health
sciences centers. RESULTS: The CLIS approach is based on the concept
that an individual unit\'s value to an organization can be demonstrated
by identifying and measuring its contributions to organizational goals.
The CLIS approach involves seven steps: (1) selecting appropriate
organizational goals that are meaningful in a specific setting; (2)
linking LIS contributions to organizational goals; (3) obtaining data
from users on the correspondence between LIS contributions and LIS
services; (4) selecting measures for LIS services; (5) collecting and
analyzing data for the selected measures; (6) planning and sustaining
communication with administrators about LIS contributions; and (7)
evaluating findings and revising selected goals, contributions, and
services as necessary. CONCLUSIONS: The taxonomy of LIS contributions
and the CLIS approach emerged from research conducted in hospitals and
academic health sciences centers and reflect the mission and goals
common in these organizations. However, both the taxonomy and the CLIS
approach may be adapted for communicating the value of LIS in other
settings.

Auflick, P. A. (2003). \"Patchwork. Bioterrorism and JCAHO: how can
librarians help hospitals be prepared?\" [Journal of Hospital
Librarianship]{.underline} **3**(3): 105-10.

Burke, C. (2003). \"Nursing accreditation: what\'s a librarian got to do
with it?\" [ABNF Journal]{.underline} **14**(2): 45-6.

Nursing education accreditation visits are similar to JCAHO
accreditation visits. Both types of accreditation are offered to ensure
quality programs and services. The author, a librarian, describes the
role of the nursing library in helping the Hampton University School of
Nursing to achieve full accreditation from the two national nursing
accreditation bodies. This article describes the process and outcomes of
accreditation visits.

Cuddy, T. M. (2005). \"Value of hospital libraries: the Fuld Campus
study.\" [Journal of the Medical Library Association]{.underline}
**93**(4): 446-9.

Objective: The paper demonstrates the value of the Health Sciences
Library/Fuld Campus to the organization and shows how responses from
patrons aligned themselves with the categories of the taxonomy of
contributions of library and information services (LIS) to hospital and
academic health centers devised by Abels et al. Methods: Over a period
of thirty-two months during 2001 to 2003, patrons\' literature searches
and interlibrary loans were followed up on by sending patrons letters,
which included a question asking for feedback as to how the information
was used. The comments from users were analyzed according to Abels et
al.\'s taxonomy of LIS contributions in hospital and academic health
centers. Results: Results of this study substantiated previous research
showing that health sciences LIS contributes to patient health care.
Feedback also demonstrated other areas where LIS contributes to the
mission and goals of the organization and how these align themselves
with Abels et al.\'s taxonomy.

Davidoff, F. and V. Florance (2000). \"The informationist: a new health
profession?\" [Annals of Internal Medicine]{.underline} **132**(12):
996-8.

Gluck, J. (2005). \"Librarians as members of the patient safety team.\"
[National Network]{.underline} **29**(4): 17-8.

Guessferd, M. (2006). \"Research. The clinical librarian/informationist:
past, present, future.\" [Journal of Hospital Librarianship]{.underline}
**6**(2): 65-73.

Hammond, P. A. (2005). \"Creating a culture of patient safety: the
librarian\'s role.\" [MLA News]{.underline} **377**: 13.

Hassig, R.A., L.Balogh, et al. (2005). \"Standards for Hospital
Libraries 2002 with 2004 revisions.\" [National Network]{.underline}
**29**(3): 11-17.

The Medical Library Association\'s Standards for Hospital Libraries 2002
has been developed as a guide for hospital administrators, librarians,
and accrediting bodies to ensure that hospitals have the resources and
services to effectively meet their needs for knowledge based
information. Specific requirements for knowledge based information
include that the library be a separate department with its own budget.
Knowledge-based information in the library should be directed by a
qualified librarian who functions as a department head and is a member
of the Academy of Health Information Professionals. The standards define
the role of the medical librarian and the links between knowledge-based
information and other functions such as patient care, patient education,
performance improvement, and education. In addition, the standards
address the development and implementation of the knowledge-based
information needs assessment and plan, the promotion and publicity of
the KBI services, and the physical space and staffing requirements. The
role, qualifications, and functions of a hospital library consultant are
outlined. The health sciences library is positioned to play a key role
in the hospital. The increasing use of the Internet and new information
technologies by medical, nursing and allied health staffs, patients and
the community require new strategies, strategic planning, allocation of
adequate resources, and selection and evaluation of appropriate
information resources and technologies. The Hospital Library Standards
Committee has developed this document as a guideline to be used in
facing these challenges together. Revisions approved by the MLA Board of
Directors, September 2004.

Hayes, S. (2006). \"Developing Loansome Doc as a library resource and a
CME/CE program for patrons.\" [Journal of Hospital
Librarianship]{.underline} **6**(1): 15-30.

Portsmouth Regional Hospital has incorporated a class on basic PubMed
evidence-based searching with a presentation on retrieving articles
through the National Library of Medicine\'s Loansome Doc document
delivery system into its Continuing Medical Education Program as a
1-Category 1 CME credit and a 1.2 CE credit. This article presents the
process of making a class of this nature into both a CME and a CE course
following the requirements of the New Hampshire Medical Society and the
New Hampshire Nurses Association. The benefits of the class are
discussed.

Henderson, H. E., A. B. Crabtree, et al. (2006). \"Librarians
Collaborating with Nurses.\" [Medical Reference Services
Quarterly]{.underline} **25**(4): 55-63.

Homan, J. M. (2002). \"The role of medical librarians in reducing
medical errors.\" [HealthLeaders]{.underline}.

Marshall, J. G. (1992). \"The impact of the hospital library on clinical
decision making: the Rochester study.\" [Bulletin of the Medical Library
Association]{.underline} **80**(2): 169-78.

In these times of economic constraint, libraries of all types are under
increasing pressure to evaluate their services. Hospital libraries face
a particular challenge because the goals of the health care system
demand that the relevance of library services to patient care be
determined. The hospital librarians in Rochester, New York, responded to
this challenge by developing a research project that explored the impact
of library services on clinical decision making. A systematically
sampled group of 448 physicians in the Rochester area agreed to
participate in the study between September 1990 and March 1991. The
physicians were asked to request some information related to a current
clinical case and then to evaluate its impact on the care of their
patients. Senior medical staff or administrators acted as study
facilitators in each of the fifteen participating hospitals. As a result
of the information provided by the library, 80% of the 208 physicians
who returned their questionnaires said that they probably or definitely
handled some aspect of patient care differently than they would have
handled it otherwise. Changes in the following specific aspects of care
were reported by the physicians: diagnosis (29%), choice of tests (51%),
choice of drugs (45%), reduced length of hospital stay (19%), and advice
given to the patient (72%). Physicians also said that the information
provided by the library contributed to their ability to avoid the
following: hospital admission (12%), patient mortality (19%),
hospital-acquired infection (8%), surgery (21%), and additional tests or
procedures (49%). The physicians rated the information provided by the
library more highly than that provided by other information sources such
as diagnostic imaging, lab tests, and discussions with colleagues. In
addition to confirming earlier research findings that information
provided by hospital libraries is perceived by physicians as having a
significant impact on clinical decision making, the results increase our
store of scientific knowledge about the specific nature and extent of
the impact of information provided by the hospital library.

Schneider, J. M. (2005). \"Specialty of the house. Information therapy
and librarians: quality prescriptions for health.\" [Journal of Hospital
Librarianship]{.underline} **5**(4): 73-80.

Siess, J.A. (2003). [The Visible Librarian: Asserting your value with
marketing and advocacy.]{.underline} Chicago, American Library
Association.

Siess, J. A. (2005). \"Strategic planning for hospital libraries.\"
[Journal of Hospital Librarianship]{.underline} **5**(4): 37-49.

Strategic planning, the structured way of dealing with the uncertainty
of the future, need not be feared by librarians. It can be done in four
simple steps. First, analyze the library\'s present situation. Second,
develop alternative futures for the library and determine the preferred
scenario by examining the library\'s vision and mission statements, then
develop objectives and goals. Third, write the action plan, the specific
steps for achieving the objectives and goals in step two. Last,
implement the plan and review and evaluate it to determine if the goals
and objectives are being met. Case studies illustrating successful and
unsuccessful implementation of strategic planning are included.

Vaida, A. J. and L. Zipperer (2006). \"Safe medication information
delivery: the role of the medical librarian.\" [Patient Safety & Quality
Healthcare Journal]{.underline} **3**(6): 42-45.

Inability to access and manage drug information effectively can directly
affect the safety of medication administration. Landmark research
studies demonstrate that 35% of all preventable adverse drug events
(ADEs) are directly related to inadequate dissemination of drug
information (Leape et al., 1995) Overall lack of knowledge about drug
therapy was the most common cause of medication errors during both
prescribing and administration, and dosing errors were by far the most
frequent errors. One in six ADEs were caused by the combination of
insufficient knowledge about usual drug doses combined with
miscalculations or incorrect expression of measurement or drug
concentration (Lesar et., 1997). In addition, the wrong dose and wrong
drug choice were most likely to cause serious injury to patients.

Walczak, J. and J. C. Gores (2001). \"Patchwork. Tootin\' your horn:
developing a PR/marketing plan.\" [Journal of Hospital
Librarianship]{.underline} **1**(1): 143-5.

Wallace, L.K. (2004). [Libraries, Mission & Marketing: Writing Mission
Statements that Work.]{.underline} Chicago, American Library
Association.

This is a very good book about writing Mission Statements.
Unfortunately, it does not include any mission statements from
hospitals; however, it has a wonderful introduction on creating the
statements, difference between mission and vision, and includes many
\"real\" statements from academic, public, school and research
libraries. (Examples of mission statements from hospitals are included
in this tool kit.)

Weightman, A. L. and J. Williamson (2005). \"The value and impact of
information provided through library services for patient care: a
systematic review.\" [Health Information and Libraries
Journal]{.underline} **22**(1): 4-25.

OBJECTIVE: An updated systematic review was carried out of research
studies looking at the value and impact of library services on health
outcomes for patients and time saved by health professionals. METHODS: A
comprehensive systematic search was undertaken of the published
literature to September 2003 in ERIC, LISA, MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, EMBASE,
the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Google. Some hand searching
was carried out, reference lists were scanned and experts in the field
were contacted. Twenty-eight research studies of professionally led
libraries for health-care staff, including clinical librarian projects,
met the inclusion criterion of at least one health or \'time saved\'
outcome. Papers were critically appraised using internationally accepted
criteria. Data were extracted and results were summarized using a
narrative format as the studies were heterogeneous and precluded a
statistical analysis. RESULTS: There is evidence of impact from both
traditional and clinical librarian services. The higher quality studies
of traditional services measured impacts of 37-97% on general patient
care, 10-31% on diagnosis, 20-51% on choice of tests, 27-45% on choice
of therapy and 10-19% on reduced length of stay. Four studies of
clinical librarian projects suggested that professionals saved time as a
result of clinical librarian input, and two of these studies showed
evidence of cost-effectiveness. However, the clinical librarian studies
were generally smaller, with poorer quality standards. CONCLUSIONS:
Research studies suggest that professionally led library services have
an impact on health outcomes for patients and may lead to time savings
for health-care professionals. The available studies vary greatly in
quality but the better quality studies also suggest positive impacts.
Good practice can be gathered from these studies to guide the
development of a pragmatic survey for library services that includes the
direct effects for patients among the outcome measures.

Williams, L. and L. Zipperer (2003). \"Patient safety. Improving access
to information: librarians and nurses team up for patient safety.\"
[Nursing Economics]{.underline} **21**(4): 199-201.

Access to information plays a key role in providing safe patient care.
Opportunities for nurses to improve access to literature exist through
working with a medical librarian. Nurse executives, nurse
administrators, and frontline nursing personnel can ensure better access
to information by seeking out the hospital librarian to strategize about
patient safety improvements.

Zipperer, L., M. Gillaspy, et al. (2005). \"Facilitating patient
centeredness through information work: seeing librarians as guests in
the lives of patients.\" [Journal of Hospital Librarianship]{.underline}
**5**(3): 1-15.

The notion that professionals working in health care whether physician,
pharmacist, nurse, or librarian can be perceived as guests in the lives
of patients can serve as a powerful philosophy when designing services
for patients. Librarians in health care organizations can contribute to
this patient-centered approach to care through a variety of
relationships: that with the patient, the clinicians, and the
organizations facilitating the care. Using the Institute of Medicine\'s
(IOM) Crossing the Quality Chasm definition and discussion of patient
centeredness, a view of how librarians should interact with patients and
providers to support patient-centered service will emerge. A personal
story of how sharing information in a guest/host fashion to improve care
is provided. Examples of services that contribute to supporting this
type of relationship at various stages of the care continuum will be
reviewed. New ways of collaborating are presented to provide librarians
with concrete ideas and examples of how to shift their effort and the
work of their organization toward the quality aim of patient-centered
care.

Zipperer, L., J. Gluck, et al. (2002). \"Knowledge maps for patient
safety.\" [Journal of Hospital Librarianship]{.underline} **2**(4):
17-35.

One of the basic tools of knowledge management, a knowledge map is an
\"index\" to people and organizational resources. Librarians are ideally
positioned to create resource maps of internal and external, explicit
and tacit sources of knowledge. Using sentinel events as the topic for a
model knowledge map, the authors explore the concept, history,
organizational activities and recent developments in patient safety and
reducing medical error. The hospital librarian\'s contribution to the
\"safety culture\" of an institution includes compiling this tool that
blends together both the practitioner and administrator knowledge of the
elements that help institutions effectively manage and respond to
adverse incidents. The sample Incident Knowledge Map is an adaptable
resource list for any institution.