+---------------------+--------------------+---------------------------+
| TECHNICAL REPORT    |                    |                           |
|                     |                    |                           |
| ***MATERIALS AND    |                    |                           |
| PROCESSES***        |                    |                           |
+---------------------+--------------------+---------------------------+
| ***Subject:***      |                    | ***No.*** TR              |
| Joint Group on      |                    | 05-882-AP/M&P-JAK-01      |
| Pollution           |                    |                           |
| Prevention          |                    |                           |
| Electro-chemical    |                    |                           |
| Migration           |                    |                           |
| Resistance          |                    |                           |
| (EMR)/Surface       |                    |                           |
| Insulation          |                    |                           |
| Resistance (SIR)    |                    |                           |
+---------------------+--------------------+---------------------------+
|                     |                    | ***Date:*** March 21,     |
|                     |                    | 2005                      |
+---------------------+--------------------+---------------------------+
| ***To:***           | ***By:***          | ***Approved:***           |
|                     |                    |                           |
| D. W. Swanson       | John A. Kerr       | J. A. Messner             |
|                     |                    |                           |
| Anaheim             | Anaheim            | Functional Manager        |
| Site-Engineering    | Site-Engineering   |                           |
|                     |                    | Materials and Processes   |
| 882, 031-GE22       | 882, 031-DE03      |                           |
|                     | x5375              |                           |
+---------------------+--------------------+---------------------------+

**INTRODUCTION**

###### The European Union and Asia have agreed to remove lead from electronic solder in commercial products by July 2006. Although military products are exempt, suppliers are adapting to the larger worldwide consumer market and dropping tin-lead finishes from their products. Also, some overseas customers may be unwilling to purchase military products that are not lead-free. Boeing is part of a consortium of government and civilian manufacturers called "JG-PP" (Joint Group Pollution Prevention), which is investigating lead-free alloys for the United States. The Anaheim facility agreed in the first quarter of 2004 to perform Electrochemical Migration Resistance (EMR) and Surface Insulation Resistance (SIR) tests per IPC Test method 650 to compare the lead-free alloys to traditional tin-lead (Sn63) solder. All test coupons were cleaned using the same semi-aqueous process. Fluxes used were those recommended by the solder manufacturers. The test coupons were assembled under the supervision of Lety Campuzano-Contreras.at Boeing/BAE Irving, Texas. 

**EMR TEST PLAN**

1.  EMR was performed per IPC-TM-650 2.6.14.1.

65° C, 85% RH, 100VDC, 96 hrs unbiased, 500 hrs biased (596 hrs total)

2.  Test vehicles employed IPC-B-25A Test Vehicles Comb D (six boards
    each) for:

[Reflow solder]{.underline}

SnAgCu solder alloy ECO Solder 7100-GRN360K and no-clean flux Senju ROL1

SnAgCuBi solder alloy Haraeus CL30-8467 and no-clean flux RMA

Sn37Pb Kester R244 solder alloy and flux Kester ROL0

[Wave solder]{.underline}

SnCu SN100C, Nihon Superior NR310B, Alpha VOC-Free no-clean flux

SnAgCu (Kester) E-Bar Sn 95.8Ag3.5Cu.7 flux NR310B Alpha

Sn37Pb Kester Ultra Pure and NR310 Alpha Type ORM0 flux

\` Control coupons were bare copper finish boards processed to simulate
reflow, wave solder, and cleaning procedures only.

> All coupons were cleaned with semi-aqueous process using IONOX I3330.

3.  Appearance after testing was:

> Tin-silver-copper reflow and wave soldered with 7100 GNR 360K had the
> fewest dendrites and corrosion.
>
> Tin copper had residual polymer material and dendrites. See photo 1.
>
> Tin-silver-copper-bismuth reflow had black corrosion and residual
> polymer material between traces. Solder exhibited poor wettability. A
> more active flux may help. See photo 2.

**SIR TEST PLAN**

1\. SIR was performed per IPC-TM-650 2.6.3.3.

> \- 85 ° C, 85%RH, 100 VDC, 168 hrs

2\. Test vehicles employed IPC-B-24 Test Vehicles (six boards each) for:

[Reflow solder]{.underline}

SnAgCu solder alloy ECO Solder 7100-GRN360K and no-clean flux Senju ROL1

SnAgCuBi solder alloy Haraeus CL30-8467 and no-clean flux RMA

Sn37Pb Kester R244 solder alloy and flux Kester ROL0

[Wave solder]{.underline}

SnCu SN100C, Nihon Superior NR310B, Alpha VOC-free no-clean flux

SnAgCu (Kester) E-Bar Sn95.8Ag3.5Cu.7 flux NR310B Alpha

Sn37Pb Kester Ultra Pure and NR310 Alpha Type ORM0 flux

Control coupons were bare copper finish boards processed to simulate
reflow, wave solder, and cleaning procedures only.

All coupons were cleaned with semi-aqueous process using IONOX I3330.

3\. Appearance after testing was:

**-** Tin-lead samples (wave and reflow)

\- One of four samples (S/N W4) had dendritic growth across multiple
traces. See photo 3.

**-** Tin-silver-copper-bismuth (reflow)

\- Two of four samples had black corrosion observed as well as a
residual binder material between the traces. Wettability was the poorest
of materials tested. Different flux may improve soldering. See photo 4.

\- Tin-copper wave **--** No dendrites (four of four samples)

\- Tin-silver-copper (wave and reflow)

\- No dendrites (four of four samples)

**OVERALL OBSERVATIONS**

-   Operations desiring to use a single lead-free alloy which is
    suitable for reflow and wave-solder processes which have
    electrochemical-migration-resistance and
    surface-insulation-resistance performance comparable to or exceeding
    tin-lead should consider tin-silver-copper.

    -   Tin-silver-copper-bismuth reflow turned dark black and had a
        translucent material between the traces after SIR and EMR
        testing. Wetting looked poorest of samples. Perhaps the flux was
        not sufficiently removed or the cleaning was insufficient.

    -   EMR testing was much more harsh than SIR. If the test was done
        again, it is recommended that visual inspection be performed at
        the half-way point to get a better idea of which samples
        corroded first.

    -   Tin-copper wave also had black corrosion and white dendrites
        after EMR testing. OA flux or insufficient cleaning may have
        contributed. Tin-copper was dendrite free after SIR.

-   Tin-silver-copper wave and reflow were visually similar to each
    other after EMR and SIR.

##### CONCLUSION

Of the three alloys tested (tin-silver-copper, tin-copper, and
tin-silver-copper-bismuth), tin-silver-copper and tin-copper performed
as well or better than tin-lead alloys. The tin-silver- copper and
tin-copper alloys both used NR310B VOC-free no-clean flux. The
tin-silver-copper-bismuth, which used a Heraeus no-clean RMA flux,
developed black spots on the solder during EMR and SIR testing. The
discoloration appears to be corrosion, which may be a result of flux
residues left after cleaning. Some kind of cleanliness evaluation/
comparison such as Ion Chromatography could measure contaminants before
environmental testing. The discoloration of tin-silver-copper-bismuth
may be exacerbated by flux residues left after cleaning. It appears the
polymers left from no-clean processes are not robust enough to withstand
the corrosive effects of 596 hours EMR testing. There was weak
correlation between resistance measurement and dendrites on comb
patterns.

![](media/image1.jpeg){width="2.6666666666666665in" height="2.0in"}

**Photo 1**

Tin-copper residual polymer material and dendrites

![](media/image2.jpeg){width="2.6666666666666665in" height="2.0in"}

**Photo 2**

Tin-silver-copper-bismuth reflow with black corrosion and residual
polymer material after EMR testing

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="2.6666666666666665in" height="2.0in"}

**Photo 3**

Tin-lead dendritic growth across multiple traces after EMR

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="2.6666666666666665in" height="2.0in"}

**Photo 4**

Tin-silver-copper-bismuth reflow with black corrosion and residual
polymer material after SIR testing

**SIR TEST COUPONS**

  ------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------ ---------- ----------
  ***Finish***        ***S/N        ***Initial***   ***72        ***120     ***168
                      Comb***                       hours***     hours***   hours***

  Bare copper control CU4A          1.20E+13        4.50E+11     1.20E+12   8.00E+11
  not baked                                                                 

                      CU4B          1.20E+13        2.60E+11     7.50E+11   6.00E+11

                      CU4C          8.00E+11        4.00E+11     3.00E+12   8.00E+11

                      CU4D          1.10E+12        4.50E+11     4.50E+11   8.00E+11

                      CU5A          1.20E+13        4.50E+11     3.00E+12   8.00E+11

                      CU5B          2.00E+13        4.50E+11     5.50E+11   8.00E+11

                      CU5C          2.40E+12        4.00E+11     5.50E+11   1.00E+12

                      CU5D          2.80E+11        6.00E+11     5.50E+11   1.00E+12

  Tin-silver-copper   SACW1A        8.00E+10        1.30E+11     6.00E+11   2.00E+12
  wave soldered                                                             

                      SACW1B        1.80E+11        3.60E+11     7.50E+11   4.00E+12

                      SACW1C        5.50E+12        2.60E+11     6.50E+11   2.00E+12

                      SACW1D        1.00E+13        2.20E+11     6.00E+11   2.00E+12

                      SACW2A        5.00E+12        1.10E+11     1.80E+11   2.80E+11

                      SACW2B        7.00E+12        9.50E+10     1.40E+11   2.00E+11

                      SACW2C        1.80E+11        4.50E+11     6.50E+11   1.00E+12

                      SACW2D        5.20E+10        1.40E+11     1.50E+12   4.00E+11

  Bare copper control CU1A          6.00E+12        1.00E+12     1.20E+12   6.50E+11
  not baked                                                                 

                      CU1B          5.00E+10        9.00E+11     1.20E+12   1.50E+12

                      CU1C          2.00E+13        1.00E+14     2.00E+13   3.00E+13

                      CU1D          2.00E+13        1.00E+13     3.00E+13   2.00E+13

  Bare copper control CONT4A        1.10E+13        6.00E+11     8.00E+11   1.00E+12
  baked                                                                     

                      CONT4B        1.10E+13        5.50E+11     7.50E+11   1.00E+12

                      CONT4C        7.50E+10        6.00E+11     5.00E+12   1.00E+12

                      CONT4D        1.90E+11        5.50E+11     6.00E+12   1.00E+12

  Bare copper control CU2A          1.40E+13        5.50E+11     9.00E+11   1.00E+12
  not baked                                                                 

                      CU2B          1.00E+13        4.50E+11     7.50E+11   1.00E+12

                      CU2C          1.10E+11        4.50E+11     9.00E+11   4.00E+12

                      CU2D          1.40E+11        5.00E+11     3.00E+12   5.00E+12

                      CU3A          2.00E+13        9.00E+11     7.00E+11   1.50E+12

                      CU3B          2.00E+13        9.00E+11     1.20E+12   4.50E+12

                      CU3C          5.50E+12        7.00E+11     1.10E+12   1.50E+12

                      CU3D          2.00E+12        8.00E+11     1.20E+12   1.50E+12
  ------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------ ---------- ----------

**SIR TEST COUPONS (continued)**

  ------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------ ---------- -----------
  ***Finish***        ***S/N        ***Initial***   ***72        ***120     ***168
                      Comb***                       hours***     hours***   hours***

  Tin-silver-copper   SACW3A        7.50E+12        1.70E+11     3.20E+12   5.00E+11
  wave soldered                                                             

                      SACW3B        1.40E+13        2.40E+11     4.50E+11   6.50E+11

                      SACW3C        9.50E+10        2.60E+11     4.50E+11   6.50E+11

                      SACW3D        1.30E+11        2.40E+11     4.50E+11   7.00E+11

                      SACW4A        4.80E+10        2.20E+11     3.00E+12   3.60E+12

                      SACW4B        7.00E+10        2.50E+11     4.00E+12   4.00E+12

                      SACW4C        7.00E+12        2.80E+11     6.00E+11   8.00E+11

                      SACW4D        1.20E+13        2.80E+11     5.50E+11   8.00E+11

                      SACW5A        6.00E+12        3.00E+11     6.00E+11   8.00E+11

                      SACW5B        1.00E+13        3.00E+11     6.00E+11   8.50E+11

                      SACW5C        1.05E+11        2.20E+11     3.00E+12   6.00E+11

                      SACW5D        1.10E+11        3.10E+11     3.50E+12   6.00E+11

                      SACW6A        1.00E+13        9.00E+11     1.10E+12   1.50E+12

                      SACW6B        1.40E+13        1.00E+12     1.20E+12   1.50E+12

                      SACW6C        4.20E+10        8.00E+10     4.00E+12   1.60E+12

                      SACW6D        4.00E+11        5.50E+11     1.00E+13   5.50E+12

  Bare copper control CONT1A        1.40E+12        7.00E+11     8.00E+11   9.00E+11
  baked                                                                     

                      CONT1B        1.20E+12        6.00E+11     7.00E+11   5.50E+12

                      CONT1C        5.50E+11        6.50E+11     7.00E+11   4.00E+12

                      CONT1D        5.20E+11        6.50E+11     7.00E+11   4.00E+12

                      CONT2A        2.00E+13        5.00E+11     6.50E+11   1.00E+12

                      CONT2B        2.00E+13        4.00E+11     7.00E+11   9.00E+11

                      CONT2C        2.60E+12        4.50E+11     7.50E+11   9.00E+11

                      CONT2D        1.40E+12        6.50E+11     7.50E+11   9.00E+11

                      CONT3A        1.20E+13        6.00E+11     7.50E+11   8.50E+11

                      CONT3B        1.20E+13        7.00E+11     7.50E+11   9.00E+11

                      CONT3C        2.60E+12        6.00E+11     7.50E+11   1.00E+12

                      CONT3D        7.00E+11        6.00E+11     6.50E+11   9.00E+11

                      CONT5A        1.2 E113        6.50E+11     9.00E+11   1.00E+12

                      CONT5B        1.2 E113        6.50E+11     7.50E+11   1.00E+12

                      CONT5C        3.60E+12        7.00E+11     7.50E+11   9.00E+11

                      CONT5D        2.00E+12        6.50E+11     8.00E+11   9.00E+11
  ------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------ ---------- -----------

**SIR TEST COUPONS (continued)**

  --------------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------ ---------- -----------
  ***Finish***                ***S/N        ***Initial***   ***72        ***120     ***168
                              Comb***                       hours***     hours***   hours***

  Tin-silver-copper reflow    SAC5A         1.50E+13        1.80E+10     3.00E+10   4.00E+10
  soldered                                                                          

                              SAC5B         5.00E+13        2.00E+10     2.80E+10   3.20E+10

                              SAC5C         5.00E+13        2.20E+10     7.00E+11   3.80E+10

                              SAC5D         5.00E+13        2.80E+10     3.50E+11   4.50E+10

                              SAC6A         1.00E+13        1.60E+10     2.00E+10   2.60E+10

                              SAC6B         1.00E+13        1.50E+10     1.90E+10   2.60E+10

                              SAC6C         5.00E+13        2.00E+10     3.00E+11   2.80E+10

                              SAC6D         5.00E+13        1.80E+10     2.00E+11   2.80E+10

  Tin-silver-copper-bismuth   SACB8A        5.00E+13        1.10E+10     1.60E+10   1.50E+10
  reflow soldered                                                                   

                              SACB8B        5.00E+13        1.20E+10     1.70E+10   1.80E+10

                              SACB8C        4.00E+13        1.20E+10     3.90E+11   2.20E+10

                              SACB8D        5.00E+13        1.20E+10     3.20E+11   2.20E+10

                              SACB11A       5.00E+13        1.10E+10     1.70E+10   1.80E+10

                              SACB11B       3.00E+13        1.10E+10     1.60E+10   1.80E+10

                              SACB11C       3.00E+13        9.50E+09     3.90E+11   1.60E+10

                              SACB11D       3.00E+13        1.20E+10     3.80E+11   1.80E+10

  Tin-silver-copper-bismuth   SACB12A       1.50E+13        5.20E+09     8.50E+09   1.00E+10
  reflow soldered                                                                   

                              SACB12B       2.00E+13        8.00E+09     1.00E+10   1.20E+10

                              SACB12C       5.00E+13        1.40E+10     1.50E+11   2.20E+10

                              SACB12D       5.00E+13        1.20E+10     1.40E+11   2.20E+10

                              SACB13A       4.00E+13        1.10E+10     8.00E+09   6.50E+09

                              SACB13B       5.00E+13        1.80E+10     2.20E+10   2.10E+10

                              SACB13C       1.20E+12        1.10E+10     2.60E+11   1.70E+10

                              SACB13D       5.00E+13        7.00E+09     2.00E+11   1.30E+10

                              SACB14A       2.00E+13        1.30E+10     2.20E+10   2.40E+10

                              SACB14B       2.00E+13        1.30E+10     1.80E+10   2.40E+10

                              SACB14C       2.00E+13        1.30E+10     3.20E+11   2.20E+10

                              SACB14D       2.00E+13        1.50E+10     2.80E+11   2.80E+10

                              SACB100A      3.20E+12        5.30E+09     6.00E+09   7.00E+09

                              SACB100B      1.50E+13        7.00E+09     8.50E+09   9.00E+09

                              SACB100C      2.00E+13        9.50E+09     8.50E+09   1.50E+10

                              SACB100D      2.00E+13        9.00E+08     1.50E+09   5.50E+09
  --------------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------ ---------- -----------

**SIR TEST COUPONS (continued)**

  ------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------ ---------- -----------
  ***Finish***        ***S/N        ***Initial***   ***72        ***120     ***168
                      Comb***                       hours***     hours***   hours***

  Sn63 tin-lead wave  1WA           2.50E+13        8.00E+09     1.30E+10   9.00E+09
  soldered                                                                  

                      1WB           2.50E+13        8.00E+09     1.30E+10   1.40E+10

                      1WC           2.50E+13        1.20E+10     1.10E+10   1.80E+10

                      1WD           2.50E+13        1.10E+10     1.10E+10   1.70E+10

                      2WA           1.50E+13        4.00E+09     1.30E+09   1.20E+08

                      2WB           1.50E+11        4.00E+09     1.30E+09   1.20E+08

                      2WC           1.50E+11        7.00E+09     5.00E+08   9.00E+09

                      2WD           1.50E+11        6.00E+09     5.00E+07   1.00E+08

                      3WA           5.00E+13        7.50E+10     1.50E+11   1.50E+11

                      3WB           5.00E+13        1.20E+11     2.80E+11   2.20E+11

                      3WC           4.00E+13        6.50E+09     1.10E+10   1.30E+10

                      3WD           2.00E+13        6.50E+09     1.30E+10   1.30E+10

                      4WA           3.00E+13        5.50E+09     9.00E+09   1.20E+10

                      4WB           3.00E+13        5.50E+09     8.50E+09   1.10E+10

                      4WC           2.50E+13        4.00E+09     7.00E+10   1.30E+08

                      4WD           2.50E+13        2.20E+09     3.20E+10   1.20E+10

  Tin-silver-copper   SAC1A         9.00E+13        1.20E+10     1.60E+10   2.10E+10
  reflow soldered                                                           

                      SAC1B         5.00E+13        4.00E+11     1.80E+10   2.20E+10

                      SAC1C         5.00E+13        5.40E+10     1.60E+11   2.20E+10

                      SAC1D         5.00E+13        5.20E+11     1.30E+11   2.40E+10

                      SAC2A         4.00E+13        1.40E+10     2.20E+10   2.30E+10

                      SAC2B         1.30E+12        1.80E+10     2.40E+11   2.20E+10

                      SAC2C         5.00E+13        1.60E+10     2.10E+11   2.40E+10

                      SAC2D         5.00E+13        1.30E+10     1.90E+10   2.60E+10

                      SAC3A         5.00E+13        1.60E+10     2.10E+11   2.20E+10

                      SAC3B         5.00E+13        1.30E+10     1.90E+10   2.20E+10

                      SAC3C         5.00E+13        1.40E+10     2.00E+10   2.60E+10

                      SAC3D         5.00E+13        1.50E+10     2.40E+11   5.00E+10

                      SAC4A         5.00E+13        1.30E+10     1.50E+10   1.40E+10

                      SAC4B         5.00E+13        1.10E+10     2.20E+10   2.00E+10

                      SAC4C         5.00E+13        3.60E+10     1.00E+12   2.20E+10

                      SAC4D         5.00E+13        3.60E+10     6.50E+11   2.40E+10
  ------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------ ---------- -----------

  ------------------ ------ ---------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- -----------
  **EMR TEST                                                                                                                                 
  COUPONS**                                                                                                                                  

  S/N                Out of After 96                                                                                               Per para  Dendrites
                     bag    hr. bake                                                                                               5.2.5     10x

  SN AG CU 7100 GNR                                                                                                                           
  360 K                                                                                                                                      

  SACU 1             1.4    6.6+E8     2.9+E8    3.4+E8    3.0+E6     3.2+E8    1.52+E8   1.50+E8   2.5 +E7    1.0+E8    2.6 +E7   2.0 +E10  Y
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  SACU 2             2.0    1.0+E9     5.8+E8    5.5+E8    5.4+E8     5.8+E8    3.1+E8    3.05+E8   2.2+E8     5.3 +E7   6.25+E7   8.5 +E4   N
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  SACU 3             9.0    2.95+E8    1.5+E8    1.75+E8   1.70+E8    2.0+E8    1.2+E8    1.15+E8   1.05+E8    1.15+E8   1.15+E8   3.3 +E4   N
                     +E10                                                                                                                    

  SACU 4             5.5    8.8+E6     3.1+E6    2.8+E6    3.1+E6     3.1+E6    2.0+E6    2.1+E6    2.3+E6     2.3+E6    2.4+E6    3.8+E8    N
                     +E9                                                                                                                     

  SACU 5             9.5    1.4+E8     6.8+E7    4.4 +E7   4.7 +E7    6.2+E7    3.7 +E7   3.5 +E7   2.6+E7     2.6+E7    3.0 +E7   5.5 +E9   Y
                     +E10                                                                                                                    

  SACU 6             7.5    2.75+E8    1.15+E8   1.07+E8   1.00+E8    1.02+E8   6.2+E7    5.5 +E7   4.8 +E7    5.1 +E7   5.5 +E7   1.1+E10   N
                     +E10                                                                                                                    

  BARE COPPER                                                                                                                                 
  CONTROL                                                                                                                                    

  Cont.1             2.1    3.2 +E9    4.2+E9    1.75 +E9  1.80 +E9   1.70 +E9  4.0+E9    8.5+E8    6.4+E8     6.2+E8    7.5 +E8   8.5+E10   N
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Cont.2             2.1    2.1 +E9    2.8+E9    5.9 +E9   3.8 +E9    5.20 +E9  2.3 +E9   2.4 +E9   1.35 +E9   7.6 +E7   1.2+E8    5.50 +E9  Y
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Cont.3             2.0    2.8 +E9    6.2+E8    1.05 +E9  9.0 +E8    1.65 +E9  9.0 +E7   8.5+E6    8.5 +E7    4.2 +E7   3.0 +E7   6.50 +E9  Y
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Cont.4             2.1    4.3 +E9    5.8+E9    5.5 +E9   3.6 +E9    6 .0 +E9  4.0 +E7   6.5+E6    1.0 +E8    2.8+E7    6.5+E6    5.0 +E8   Y
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Cont.5             2.0    1.8 +E9    2.2+E9    2.6 +E9   1.7 +E9    3.1 +E9   1.3 +E7   4.3 +E7   8.0 +E7    1.0+E7    3.6+E6    2.3 +E8   Y
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  BARE COPPER                                                                                                                                 
  CONTROL BAKED                                                                                                                              

  Cu 1               1.6    2.8 +E9    2.4+E6    6.5+E6    5.5+E9     7.4 +E9   4.4+E9    3.5+E8    2.6+E8     1.15 +E9  1.4 +E9   1.2 +E9   Y
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Cu 2               2.3    1.2+E8     8.2+E9    1.0+E6    \<1.0+E6   1.25+E6   1.0+E6    1.3+E6    \<1.0+E6   1.7 +E6   1.9 +E6   1.05 +E8  Y
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Cu 3               2.2    1.03+E10   8.0 +E9   8.0 +E9   5.7+E6     1.7 +E7   1.7 +E7   2.35 +E7  6.5+E6     2.38 +E7  2.2 +E7   1.05 +E12 N
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Cu 4               2.3    1.2+E10    5.9 +E9   2.8+E6    1.8+E8     1.7 +E8   6.2 +E7   10.6 +E7  5.5+E8     9.0 +E7   9.0 +E7   7.5 +E8   Y
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Cu 5               2.3    1.58+E11   4.7+E9    1.8+E8    5.3+E6     2.7 +E7   2.0 +E7   2.1 +E7   6.5+E6     2.9+E7    8.4 +E7   1.2+E10   N
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  SN 37 PB                                                                                                                                    
  KESTER-ULTRAPURE                                                                                                                           

  Pb 1               1.0    7.0 +E7    1.25+E8   1.1+E8    1.35+E8    2.1+E8    7.0 +E7   1.0 +E7   6.0 +E7    4.1 +E7   5.5 +E7   2.6+E8    N
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Pb 2               2.3    1.1 +E9    8.5+E8    7.2+E8    7.5+E8     1.1 +E9   1.3 +E9   1.3 +E9   1.3 +E9    1.4 +E9   1.45 +E9  8.5 +E9   N
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Pb 3               2.4    1.8 +E9    7.2+E9    1.0 +E10  7.2+E12    3.8+E12   1.2+E12   4.5+E12   7.5+E12    3.0+E13   1.1+E13   7.0+E12   N
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Pb 4               3.6    2.6 +E7    4.6 +E7   5.6 +E7   5.6 +E7    6.7 +E7   6.5 +E7   6.5 +E7   7.2 +E7    6.5 +E7   6.3 +E7   5.1+E8    N
                     +E10                                                                                                                    

  Pb 5               2.6    2.6 +E7    1.0 +E8   4.2 +E7   6.0 +E7    4.8 +E7   1.4 +E7   8.5 +E6   4.6 +E6    5.5 +E6   5.5 +E6   3.0 +E7   Y
                     +E11                                                                                                                    

  Pb 6               6.0    2.3 +E7    2.3+E6    \<1.0 E6  \<1.0 E6   \<1.0 E6  \<1.0 E6  \<1.0 E6  \<1.0 E6   \<1.0 E6  \<1.0 E6  \<1.0 E6  Y
                     +E10                                                                                                                    
  ------------------ ------ ---------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- --------- -----------

**EMR TEST COUPONS (continued)**

  ----------- ------ --------- --------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -----------
  S/N         Out of After 96                                                                                     Per para Dendrites
              bag    hr. bake                                                                                     5.2.5    10x

  SN AG CU BI                                                                                                               
  CL30-8467                                                                                                                

  SABC 1      1.5    1.3+E8    1.05+E6   6.5+E6    1.1 +E7  1.45 +E7 2.3+E6   5.0+E6   5.0+E6   3.4+E6   4.0+E6   2.4+E6   Y
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SABC 2      1.0    1.3+E8    6.5 +E7   1.7+E8    2.3+E8   6.0 +E6  1.1 +E7  1.4 +E7  9.0 +E6  6.0 +E6  8.5 +E6  1.6 +E7  Y
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SABC 3      4.1    1.0+E8    6.0 +E7   9.0 +E7   1.7+E8   1.2 +E7  1.8 +E7  1.6 +E7  2.4 +E7  4.3 +E7  9.5+E6   3.0 +E7  N
              +E10                                                                                                         

  SABC 7      9.5    8.5 +E7   5.5+E6    1.9+E6    6.5+E6   1.2 +E6  \<1.0 E6 1.5+E6   \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 Y
              +E10                                                                                                         

  SABC 5      1.4    1.7+E8    3.8+E8    5.1 +E8   4.0 +E8  4.2 +E8  4.1 +E8  2.4 +E7  5.2 +E7  1.3+E8   9.0 +E7  6.5+E8   N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SABC 6      3.8    1.25+E8   2.3+E8    2.2 +E7   5.5 +E7  2.2 +E7  3.5 +E7  3.0 +E7  1.9+E6   3.3+E6   3.2+E6   1.1 +E7  Y
              +E10                                                                                                         

  SN CU                                                                                                                     
  SN100C                                                                                                                   

  SCW 1       1.8    1.2 +E7   6.5 +E6   5.7+E6    5.5+E6   2.0 +E7  2.2 +E7  2.4 +E7  2.3 +E7  2.4 +E7  2.4 +E7  2.7 +E8  N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SCW 2       8.0    6.5+E6    3.7+E6    2.4+E6    2.4+E6   1.5+E6   1.5+E6   1.4+E6   1.4+E6   1.4+E6   1.4+E6   9.0+E6   N
              +E9                                                                                                          

  SCW 3       1.05   4.5 +E7   5.0 +E7   4.3 +E7   4.0 +E7  3.5+E6   3.2+E6   3.2+E6   3.2+E6   4.7+E6   7.5+E6   8.1 +E7  Y
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SCW 4       8.5    9.2+E6    6.9 +E6   5.5+E6    5.5+E6   3.4+E6   3.2+E6   3.0+E6   2.7+E6   2.8+E6   2.7+E6   1.5 +E7  N
              +E9                                                                                                          

  SCW 5       1.8    1.25 +E9  1.8+E8    1.65+E8   1.5+E8   1.1+E8   1.3+E8   9.5+E7   8.5+E6   7.8 +E7  7.5+E7   5.7+E8   N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SCW 6       1.4    7.0 +E7   6.0+E7    5.3+E7    3.6+E7   3.6+E7   3.5+E7   3.0+E7   2.6 +E7  2.4 +E7  2.3 +E7  1.7+E8   N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SN PB                                                                                                                     
  KESTER R244                                                                                                              

  1           2.6    3.5 +E10  3.8 +E10  3.3 +E10  3.3 +E10 3.2 +E10 3.2 +E10 3.7 +E10 3.2 +E10 3.3 +E10 3.3 +E10 1.2 +E12 N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  2           2.6    1.2 +E9   2.0 +E9   2.4 +E9   1.7 +E9  1.1 +E9  3.0 +E9  3.4 +E10 3.0 +E9  3.2 +E9  1.5 +E9  4.2 +E10 N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  5           2.4    9.0 +E9   1.1 +E7   1.15 +E7  2.2 +E7  9.5 +E7  6.5 +E7  3.2 +E9  5.5 +E7  4.0 +E7  6.5 +E7  1.5 +E8  N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  9           2.6    2.1+E8    2.3+E8    1.1+E8    3.2 +E7  1.35 +E7 1.15 +E7 4.6 +E8  2.2 +E7  1.7 +E7  1.8 +E7  3.2 +E8  N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  8           2.6    2.2+E8    2.8+E8    3.8+E8    3.2 +E8  5.7 +E8  5.0 +E8  1.9 +E7  4.0 +E8  3.6 +E8  3.1 +E8  3.0 +E9  N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  6           2.6    1.5 +E9   5.0 +E7   4.5 +E7   8.0 +E7  1.9 +E9  2.6 +E7  5.5 +E7  2.9 +E7  3.4 +E7  6.5 +E6  6.0 +E6  Y
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SN AG CU                                                                                                                  
  7100 GNR                                                                                                                 
  360 K                                                                                                                    

  SACU 11     2.6    2.0+E8    5.3+E6    2.0+E6    2.0+E6   \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 Y
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SACU 9      1.8    4.1 +E7   1.3 +E7   1.3 +E7   1.6 +E7  3.2 +E6  2.6+E6   2.3+E6   2.2+E6   1.3+E6   1.2+E6   1.8+E6   N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SACU 3      3.2    1.15 +E9  7.0+E6    1.0+E6    \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 Y
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SACU 12     2.4    5.8+E8    7.5+E6    \<1.0 E6  1.15 E6  \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SACU 16     2.6    2.8+E8    3.5+E8    2.1+E8    2.5+E8   1.9 +E7  1.4 +E7  3.6+E6   7.5+E6   3.0 +E7  2.6+E7   1.5+E8   N
              +E11                                                                                                         

  SACU 4      2.4    3.8 +E9   1.2 +E7   7.0+E6    7.0+E6   \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 \<1.0 E6 Y
              +E11                                                                                                         
  ----------- ------ --------- --------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -----------