##### QADATA Summary -- July 2004

The Inorganic Blind Sample Project (IBSP) reviews 108 inorganic
analytical lines at the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) and 79
inorganic analytical lines at the Ocala Water Quality and Research
Laboratory (OWQRL) using double-blind, quality-control samples. The
QADATA Summary is a short summary of only those analytical lines for
which the quality-control charts indicate or have indicated a bias
and/or higher than expected variability. Overall, the vast majority of
the analyses at the NWQL and OWQRL demonstrate acceptable variability
and little or no bias.

The data reviewed is for the time period 12/01/03 through 06/24/04;
however, longer-range charts are used when they add clarity to the
problem. The attached quality-control charts contain data from samples
that have been subject to the same laboratory handling procedures as the
samples that are submitted by the USGS district offices, and the data
have the same level of quality-control review as the data released to
the districts. Therefore, any factors that affect the data displayed on
the IBSP quality-control charts should also affect the districts' data
in a similar manner. Data from samples that are known to have been
affected by a problem independent of the laboratory are not displayed on
the charts.

In this report, the "Problem" is determined and written by IBSP. The
"Problem" is then sent to the laboratories that then get two weeks to
respond to the issue by writing a "Lab Comment" and a "Corrective
Action." The labs' comments are incorporated into the QADATA Summary as
received. Comments from previous QADATA Summaries are included in this
report to help provide a clearer perspective of the overall concern.

Current charts (updated twice weekly) may be accessed at
<http://bqs.usgs.gov/bsp/FY04charts.htm>. Laboratory and district
personnel can also make their own QADATA retrieval to parallel their
project's sampling period by using the QADATA Application online at
[http://bqs.usgs.gov/bsp](http://bqs.usgs.gov/bsp/mainpage.html) (select
QADATA Application button). Charts pertaining specifically to this
report can be accessed electronically by following the underlined
hyperlinks embedded within the report and associated with each analysis
discussed.

*Tedmund M. Struzeski*

<struzesk@usgs.gov>

Table of Contents

Note: All analytes are hyperlinked to their respective positions within
the report.

NWQL

Analyte Page

Arsenic, Filtered, ICP-MS, Labcode 2503, Parmcode 1000D . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Cadmium, Filtered, ICP-MS, Labcode 1788, Parmcode 1025G . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Cadmium, Whole-Water Recoverable, GFAA, Labcode 1555, Parmcode 1027F . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 4

Uranium, Filtered, ICP-MS, Labcode 1797, Parmcode 22703G. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Calcium, Filtered, ICP, Labcode 0659, Parmcode 0915D . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Magnesium, Filtered, ICP, Labcode 0663, Parmcode 0925C . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Sodium, Filtered, ICP, Labcode 0675, Parmcode 0930C . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

**OWQRL**

Analyte

**Arsenic, Whole-Water Recoverable,** GFAA, Labcode 3119, Parmcode
1002(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

**Thallium, Whole-Water Recoverable,** GFAA, Labcode 3131, Parmcode
1059(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Table 1

NWQL PERFORMANCE ON IBSP SAMPLES

######### **Note: Click the blue, underlined text in the left column to access the control chart for the associated parameter.**

+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| **Trace | **Problem**      | **NWQL**          | **Corrective**    |
| Metal   |                  |                   |                   |
| De      |                  | **Lab Comment**   | **Action**        |
| termina |                  |                   |                   |
| tions** |                  |                   |                   |
+=========+==================+===================+===================+
| [**A    | **A dramatic     | **Arsenic bias    | **The software    |
| rsenic, | shift in the     | was traceable to  | was reinstalled   |
| Filt    | data is evident  | the correction    | by the instrument |
| ered**] | starting mid-May | factor algorithm  | vendor, thus      |
| (http:/ | 2004.**          | and the likely    | restoring the     |
| /bqs.us |                  | source was in the | correct           |
| gs.gov/ |                  | software. This    | correction factor |
| bsp/QAD |                  | error caused      | algorithm. A hard |
| ATA_all |                  | arsenic values to | disk diagnostic   |
| /JUL04N |                  | be biased high.   | check on the      |
| WQL0100 |                  | The solution used | instrument        |
| 0D.gif) |                  | to check the      | computers was     |
| **I     |                  | accuracy of the   | performed and no  |
| CP-MS** |                  | correction        | problems were     |
|         |                  | equation did not  | found with disk   |
| **      |                  | show the error.** | memory. All data  |
| labcode |                  |                   | affected by this  |
| 2503**  |                  |                   | problem is in the |
|         |                  |                   | process of being  |
| **p     |                  |                   | updated and a     |
| armcode |                  |                   | RapiNote is being |
| 1000D** |                  |                   | drafted. The      |
|         |                  |                   | correction check  |
|         |                  |                   | solution has been |
|         |                  |                   | changed to        |
|         |                  |                   | include a known   |
|         |                  |                   | amount of arsenic |
|         |                  |                   | to verify the     |
|         |                  |                   | correction factor |
|         |                  |                   | is correcting the |
|         |                  |                   | target arsenic    |
|         |                  |                   | concentration.    |
|         |                  |                   | The SOP will be   |
|         |                  |                   | amended, and      |
|         |                  |                   | training will be  |
|         |                  |                   | documented. We    |
|         |                  |                   | anticipate having |
|         |                  |                   | the documents and |
|         |                  |                   | training          |
|         |                  |                   | completed by July |
|         |                  |                   | 30, 2004.**       |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
|         |                  |                   |                   |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| [**C    | **The            | **Internal QC and | **The stock       |
| admium, | long-running     | NIST, both third  | standards are due |
| Filt    | slight positive  | party checks,     | for the annual    |
| ered**] | bias (6%) is     | indicate a bias   | replacement at    |
| (http:/ | still evident.   | of about 2%,      | this time. New    |
| /bqs.us | This bias is not | which is within   | standards are on  |
| gs.gov/ | demonstrated by  | the acceptance    | order. The        |
| bsp/QAD | any other of the | criteria for      | process for       |
| ATA_all | five analytical  | calibration       | preparation and   |
| /JUL04N | methods          | standards.        | review of new     |
| WQL0102 | analyzing for    | Concentration of  | standards will    |
| 5G.gif) | cadmium.**       | internal QC and   | follow.**         |
| *       |                  | NIST checks has   |                   |
| *ICP-MS |                  | been verified by  |                   |
| labcode |                  | alternate         |                   |
| 1788    |                  | methods. An       |                   |
| p       |                  | internal QC       |                   |
| armcode |                  | review of the     |                   |
| 1025G** |                  | other five        |                   |
|         |                  | methods also      |                   |
|         |                  | shows a 2% or     |                   |
|         |                  | less bias, again  |                   |
|         |                  | within the SOP    |                   |
|         |                  | criteria.         |                   |
|         |                  | Interferences are |                   |
|         |                  | not a cause for   |                   |
|         |                  | the high bias.**  |                   |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| *P      |                  |                   |                   |
| revious |                  |                   |                   |
| c       |                  |                   |                   |
| omments |                  |                   |                   |
| for     |                  |                   |                   |
| c       |                  |                   |                   |
| admium, |                  |                   |                   |
| fi      |                  |                   |                   |
| ltered, |                  |                   |                   |
| ICP-MS, |                  |                   |                   |
| labcode |                  |                   |                   |
| 1788,   |                  |                   |                   |
| p       |                  |                   |                   |
| armcode |                  |                   |                   |
| 1025G*  |                  |                   |                   |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| From    | As of March      |                   | NWQL continues to |
|         | 2004, results    |                   | closely monitor   |
| >       | indicate the     |                   | analysis.         |
|  QADATA | positive bias is |                   |                   |
| >       | less than 5%.    |                   |                   |
| Summary |                  |                   |                   |
| > May   | Analysis should  |                   |                   |
| > 2004  | be closely       |                   |                   |
|         | monitored until  |                   |                   |
|         | the next QADATA  |                   |                   |
|         | Summary is       |                   |                   |
|         | distributed.     |                   |                   |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| From    | Data from        | Due to the        | The issue of      |
|         | January 2004     | on-going          | possible          |
| >       | through March    | monitoring of     | interferences     |
|  QADATA | exhibit a slight | internal QC, a    | that could affect |
| >       | positive bias    | positive bias is  | cadmium is being  |
| Summary | (6%). Almost all | still not evident | discussed with    |
| > March | results are      | on NWQL QC        | the NWQL's Method |
| > 2004  | greater than     | charts. To verify | Research and      |
|         | their median     | this, an          | Development       |
|         | value. This bias | additional        | Program. More     |
|         | is not evident   | third-party check | research needs to |
|         | for whole-water  | standard from a   | be done. Also,    |
|         | recoverable      | different source  | internal QC and   |
|         | cadmium by       | than is routinely | IBSP charts will  |
|         | ICP-MS (labcode  | used by ICP-MS    | continue to be    |
|         | 2376).           | was run during    | monitored for     |
|         |                  | the week of March | bias and          |
|         |                  | 8^th^, 2004, to   | variability.      |
|         |                  | verify the ICP-MS |                   |
|         |                  | calibration       |                   |
|         |                  | curve.            |                   |
|         |                  | Calibration and   |                   |
|         |                  | QC are            |                   |
|         |                  | acceptable.       |                   |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| From    | Data for the     | The bias is not   | New calibration   |
|         | last six months  | evident on NWQL   | standards were    |
| >       | (June 2003       | QC charts.        | made and verified |
|  QADATA | through          |                   | for use at the    |
| >       | December)        |                   | end of December   |
| Summary | demonstrate a    |                   | 2003. We will     |
| >       | slight positive  |                   | continue to       |
| January | bias (6%) with   |                   | monitor internal  |
| > 2004  | all 48 values    |                   | QC and IBSP       |
|         | greater than     |                   | charts for bias   |
|         | their median     |                   | and variability.  |
|         | value. This bias |                   | If the            |
|         | is not evident   |                   | third-party check |
|         | for whole-water  |                   | standards         |
|         | recoverable      |                   | indicate a bias,  |
|         | cadmium by       |                   | calibration       |
|         | ICP-MS (labcode  |                   | standards will be |
|         | 2376).           |                   | remade and        |
|         |                  |                   | verified.         |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
|         |                  |                   |                   |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| [**C    | **The negative   |                   |                   |
| admium, | bias             |                   |                   |
| Whol    | demonstrated in  |                   |                   |
| e-Water | March and April  |                   |                   |
| Recover | 2004 is no       |                   |                   |
| able**] | longer evident;  |                   |                   |
| (http:/ | however, the     |                   |                   |
| /bqs.us | most recent data |                   |                   |
| gs.gov/ | show a slight    |                   |                   |
| bsp/QAD | positive bias    |                   |                   |
| ATA_all | (5%). The        |                   |                   |
| /JUL04N | overall bias     |                   |                   |
| WQL0102 | since December   |                   |                   |
| 7F.gif) | 2003 is less     |                   |                   |
| **GFAA  | than 2%.**       |                   |                   |
| labcode |                  |                   |                   |
| 1555    | **Analysis       |                   |                   |
| p       | should be        |                   |                   |
| armcode | closely          |                   |                   |
| 1027F** | monitored until  |                   |                   |
|         | the next QADATA  |                   |                   |
|         | Summary is       |                   |                   |
|         | distributed.**   |                   |                   |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| *P      |                  |                   |                   |
| revious |                  |                   |                   |
| c       |                  |                   |                   |
| omments |                  |                   |                   |
| for     |                  |                   |                   |
| ch      |                  |                   |                   |
| romium, |                  |                   |                   |
| whol    |                  |                   |                   |
| e-water |                  |                   |                   |
| recov   |                  |                   |                   |
| erable, |                  |                   |                   |
| GFAA,   |                  |                   |                   |
| labcode |                  |                   |                   |
| 1555,   |                  |                   |                   |
| p       |                  |                   |                   |
| armcode |                  |                   |                   |
| 1027F*  |                  |                   |                   |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
| From    | Data received as | The bias is not   | NWQL continues to |
|         | of March 2004    | evident on NWQL   | closely monitor   |
| >       | indicate a       | QC charts.        | analysis for bias |
|  QADATA | negative bias    | Calibration       | and evaluate the  |
| >       | (8.5%).          | standards have    | need for          |
| Summary |                  | been checked for  | instrument        |
| > May   |                  | accuracy and have | modifications.    |
| > 2004  |                  | been verified.    |                   |
|         |                  | Study is being    |                   |
|         |                  | conducted to      |                   |
|         |                  | establish if any  |                   |
|         |                  | instrument        |                   |
|         |                  | modifications     |                   |
|         |                  | should be         |                   |
|         |                  | performed.        |                   |
+---------+------------------+-------------------+-------------------+

+---------+---+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
|         |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
+---------+---+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| [**U    | * |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| ranium, | * |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| Filt    | R |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| ered**] | e |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| (http:/ | s |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| /bqs.us | u |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| gs.gov/ | l |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| bsp/QAD | t |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| ATA_all | s |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| /JUL04N | r |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| WQL2270 | e |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 3G.gif) | c |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| *       | e |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| *ICP-MS | i |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| labcode | v |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 1797    | e |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| p       | d |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| armcode | a |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 2       | s |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 2703G** | o |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
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+---------+---+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| *P      |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| revious |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| c       |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| omments |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| for     |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| u       |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| ranium, |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| fi      |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| ltered, |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| ICP-MS, |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| labcode |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 1797,   |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| p       |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| armcode |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 22703G* |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
+---------+---+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| From    | A |                  | N |                 | N |                 |
|         | s |                  | W |                 | e |                 |
| >       | o |                  | Q |                 | w |                 |
|  QADATA | f |                  | L |                 | u |                 |
| >       | M |                  | Q |                 | r |                 |
| Summary | a |                  | C |                 | a |                 |
| > May   | r |                  | c |                 | n |                 |
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+---------+---+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
|         |   |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
+---------+---+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+

+---------+---+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+
| **Major | * |                    | **NWQL**           | **Corrective**  |
| De      | * |                    |                    |                 |
| termina | P |                    | **Lab Comment**    | **Action**      |
| tions** | r |                    |                    |                 |
|         | o |                    |                    |                 |
|         | b |                    |                    |                 |
|         | l |                    |                    |                 |
|         | e |                    |                    |                 |
|         | m |                    |                    |                 |
|         | * |                    |                    |                 |
|         | * |                    |                    |                 |
+=========+===+====================+====================+=================+
| [**C    | * |                    | **Based on         | **We have       |
| alcium, | * |                    | internal QC and    | nothing new to  |
| Filt    | D |                    | instrument         | try at this     |
| ered**] | a |                    | optimization       | time. However,  |
| (http:/ | t |                    | procedures the     | we will         |
| /bqs.us | a |                    | variability        | continue to     |
| gs.gov/ | r |                    | mentioned by IBSP  | consider the 4% |
| bsp/QAD | e |                    | is not observed.** | variability and |
| ATA_all | c |                    |                    | try to make     |
| /JUL04N | e |                    | **Contamination,   | improvements.** |
| WQL0091 | i |                    | calibration curve  |                 |
| 5D.gif) | v |                    | design, nebulizer  |                 |
| **ICP   | e |                    | conditions and     |                 |
| labcode | d |                    | performance, and   |                 |
| 0659    | s |                    | sample stability   |                 |
| p       | i |                    | for the longer     |                 |
| armcode | n |                    | analytical times   |                 |
| 0915D** | c |                    | have all been      |                 |
|         | e |                    | examined and       |                 |
| [**Mag  | t |                    | proven not to be   |                 |
| nesium, | h |                    | contributors to    |                 |
| Filt    | e |                    | the variability    |                 |
| ered**] | l |                    | concerns. The      |                 |
| (http:/ | a |                    | instrument meets   |                 |
| /bqs.us | s |                    | the manufacturers  |                 |
| gs.gov/ | t |                    | specifications for |                 |
| bsp/QAD | Q |                    | performance. The   |                 |
| ATA_all | A |                    | method meets or    |                 |
| /JUL04N | D |                    | exceeds the        |                 |
| WQL0092 | A |                    | requirements for   |                 |
| 5C.gif) | T |                    | ASTM, Standard     |                 |
| **ICP   | A |                    | Methods, and EPA   |                 |
| labcode | S |                    | published methods  |                 |
| 0663    | u |                    | for performance.** |                 |
| p       | m |                    |                    |                 |
| armcode | m |                    |                    |                 |
| 0925C** | a |                    |                    |                 |
|         | r |                    |                    |                 |
| [**     | y |                    |                    |                 |
| Sodium, | i |                    |                    |                 |
| Filt    | n |                    |                    |                 |
| ered**] | d |                    |                    |                 |
| (http:/ | i |                    |                    |                 |
| /bqs.us | c |                    |                    |                 |
| gs.gov/ | a |                    |                    |                 |
| bsp/QAD | t |                    |                    |                 |
| ATA_all | e |                    |                    |                 |
| /JUL04N | a |                    |                    |                 |
| WQL0093 | n |                    |                    |                 |
| 0C.gif) | i |                    |                    |                 |
| **ICP   | m |                    |                    |                 |
| labcode | p |                    |                    |                 |
| 0675    | r |                    |                    |                 |
| p       | o |                    |                    |                 |
| armcode | v |                    |                    |                 |
| 0930C** | e |                    |                    |                 |
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|         | 1 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
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|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
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+---------+---+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+
| *P      |   |                    |                    |                 |
| revious |   |                    |                    |                 |
| c       |   |                    |                    |                 |
| omments |   |                    |                    |                 |
| for     |   |                    |                    |                 |
| c       |   |                    |                    |                 |
| alcium, |   |                    |                    |                 |
| mag     |   |                    |                    |                 |
| nesium, |   |                    |                    |                 |
| and     |   |                    |                    |                 |
| sodium  |   |                    |                    |                 |
| by ICP* |   |                    |                    |                 |
+---------+---+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+
| From    | D |                    | The increase in    | NWQL continues  |
|         | a |                    | variability is due | to investigate  |
| >       | t |                    | in part to several | the cause of    |
|  QADATA | a |                    | outliers, some of  | the outliers on |
| >       | r |                    | which have been    | runs with       |
| Summary | e |                    | due to human       | acceptable QC   |
| > May   | c |                    | error. Since the   | by running      |
| > 2004  | e |                    | last QADATA        | tests on the    |
|         | i |                    | Summary (March     | instrument and  |
|         | v |                    | 2004), however,    | determining     |
|         | e |                    | all outliers have  | whether         |
|         | d |                    | been on runs with  | contamination   |
|         | s |                    | acceptable QC.     | and carry-over  |
|         | i |                    | Their cause is not | is present.     |
|         | n |                    | known at this      |                 |
|         | c |                    | time. Tests have   | New standards   |
|         | e |                    | been performed     | for calcium,    |
|         | t |                    | that rule out      | magnesium, and  |
|         | h |                    | non-instrument     | sodium have     |
|         | e |                    | related            | been prepared   |
|         | l |                    | contamination.     | and were        |
|         | a |                    | Tests are being    | validated on    |
|         | s |                    | conducted to       | May 12^th^,     |
|         | t |                    | determine whether  | 2004. NWQL will |
|         | Q |                    | instrument         | continue to     |
|         | A |                    | contamination and  | closely monitor |
|         | D |                    | carry-over is      | the analysis    |
|         | A |                    | present.           | for bias.       |
|         | T |                    |                    |                 |
|         | A |                    | The positive bias  |                 |
|         | S |                    | for calcium and    |                 |
|         | u |                    | magnesium on BQS   |                 |
|         | m |                    | control charts is  |                 |
|         | m |                    | also evident on    |                 |
|         | a |                    | NWQL QC charts,    |                 |
|         | r |                    | prompting the      |                 |
|         | y |                    | preparation of new |                 |
|         | i |                    | standards. The     |                 |
|         | n |                    | positive bias for  |                 |
|         | d |                    | sodium is not      |                 |
|         | i |                    | evident on NWQL    |                 |
|         | c |                    | control charts.    |                 |
|         | a |                    |                    |                 |
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|         | 9 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 7 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 9 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 1 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
|         | 6 |                    |                    |                 |
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|         | } |                    |                    |                 |
+---------+---+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+
| From    | N |                    | The increase in    | As stated in    |
|         | e |                    | variability is due | the January     |
| >       | w |                    | in part to several | 2004 QADATA     |
|  QADATA | i |                    | outliers, some of  | Summary for     |
| >       | n |                    | which have been    | cadmium WWR     |
| Summary | s |                    | due to human       | GFAA (labcode   |
| > March | t |                    | error. Since the   | 1555), use of   |
| > 2004  | r |                    | last data summary  | an additional   |
|         | u |                    | (January 2004),    | QC check sheet  |
|         | m |                    | however, all       | that is         |
|         | e |                    | outliers have been | included in all |
|         | n |                    | on runs with       | data packets    |
|         | t |                    | acceptable QC.     | was implemented |
|         | a |                    | Their cause is not | to help         |
|         | t |                    | known at this      | alleviate       |
|         | i |                    | time.              | incorrect data  |
|         | o |                    |                    | going in LIMS.  |
|         | n |                    |                    | This practice   |
|         | w |                    |                    | was implemented |
|         | a |                    |                    | for ICP         |
|         | s |                    |                    | processes in    |
|         | i |                    |                    | October 2003,   |
|         | m |                    |                    | and data shows  |
|         | p |                    |                    | that it has     |
|         | l |                    |                    | been useful in  |
|         | e |                    |                    | eliminating     |
|         | m |                    |                    | some errors. We |
|         | e |                    |                    | will continue   |
|         | n |                    |                    | to investigate  |
|         | t |                    |                    | the cause of    |
|         | e |                    |                    | the outliers on |
|         | d |                    |                    | runs with       |
|         | i |                    |                    | acceptable QC.  |
|         | n |                    |                    |                 |
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|         | l |                    |                    |                 |
|         | e |                    |                    |                 |
|         | m |                    |                    |                 |
|         | s |                    |                    |                 |
|         | f |                    |                    |                 |
|         | o |                    |                    |                 |
|         | r |                    |                    |                 |
|         | t |                    |                    |                 |
|         | h |                    |                    |                 |
|         | e |                    |                    |                 |
|         | s |                    |                    |                 |
|         | e |                    |                    |                 |
|         | c |                    |                    |                 |
|         | o |                    |                    |                 |
|         | n |                    |                    |                 |
|         | s |                    |                    |                 |
|         | t |                    |                    |                 |
|         | i |                    |                    |                 |
|         | t |                    |                    |                 |
|         | u |                    |                    |                 |
|         | e |                    |                    |                 |
|         | n |                    |                    |                 |
|         | t |                    |                    |                 |
|         | s |                    |                    |                 |
|         | . |                    |                    |                 |
+---------+---+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+
|         |   |                    |                    |                 |
+---------+---+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+

###### Table 2

OWQRL PERFORMANCE ON IBSP SAMPLES

######### **Note: Click the blue, underlined text in the left column to access the control chart for the associated parameter.**

+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| **Trace  | **Problem**      | * |                 | * |                 |
| Metal    |                  | * |                 | * |                 |
| Determin |                  | O |                 | C |                 |
| ations** |                  | W |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | Q |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | R |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | L |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | * |                 | c |                 |
|          |                  | * |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  | * |                 | v |                 |
|          |                  | * |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | L |                 | * |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 | * |                 |
|          |                  | b |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | C |                 | * |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 | * |                 |
|          |                  | m |                 | A |                 |
|          |                  | m |                 | c |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | * |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  | * |                 | * |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | * |                 |
+==========+==================+===+=================+===+=================+
| [**      | The most         |   |                 |   |                 |
| Arsenic, | recently         |   |                 |   |                 |
| Who      | received data    |   |                 |   |                 |
| le-Water | show marked      |   |                 |   |                 |
| Re       | improvement.     |   |                 |   |                 |
| coverabl |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| e**](htt | Due to the       |   |                 |   |                 |
| p://bqs. | pending closure  |   |                 |   |                 |
| usgs.gov | of the OWQRL, no |   |                 |   |                 |
| /bsp/QAD | response is      |   |                 |   |                 |
| ATA_all/ | required.        |   |                 |   |                 |
| JUL04OWQ |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| RL010021 |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| .gif)**\ |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| GFAA     |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| labcode  |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 3119     |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| parmcode |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 1        |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 002(1)** |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| *        |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| Previous |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| comments |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| for      |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| arsenic, |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| who      |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| le-water |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| reco     |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| verable, |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| GFAA,    |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| labcode  |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 3119,    |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| parmcode |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 1002(1)* |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| From     | The most         | D |                 | C |                 |
|          | recently         | u |                 | u |                 |
| > QADATA | received data    | e |                 | r |                 |
| >        | indicate that    | t |                 | r |                 |
|  Summary | this method is   | o |                 | e |                 |
| > May    | still            | t |                 | n |                 |
| > 2004   | demonstrating    | h |                 | t |                 |
|          | variability      | e |                 | s |                 |
|          | beyond           | p |                 | t |                 |
|          | acceptable       | e |                 | o |                 |
|          | levels. Of the   | n |                 | c |                 |
|          | last seven       | d |                 | k |                 |
|          | values received, | i |                 | w |                 |
|          | one has been     | n |                 | a |                 |
|          | within the       | g |                 | s |                 |
|          | control limits.  | c |                 | u |                 |
|          |                  | l |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  | u |                 | f |                 |
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|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | . |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| From     | Since October    | T |                 | N |                 |
|          | 2002, data for   | h |                 | e |                 |
| > QADATA | this analytical  | e |                 | w |                 |
| >        | line have        | m |                 | s |                 |
|  Summary | demonstrated     | o |                 | t |                 |
| > March  | variability      | s |                 | a |                 |
| > 2004   | beyond           | t |                 | n |                 |
|          | acceptable       | r |                 | d |                 |
|          | levels. Since    | e |                 | a |                 |
|          | October 2002,    | c |                 | r |                 |
|          | nine out of 28   | e |                 | d |                 |
|          | points (32%) are | n |                 | s |                 |
|          | outside of +/-2  | t |                 | f |                 |
|          | f-pseudosigmas   | p |                 | o |                 |
|          | with three of 28 | r |                 | r |                 |
|          | (11%) outside of | o |                 | t |                 |
|          | +/-3             | b |                 | h |                 |
|          | f-pseudosigmas.  | l |                 | e |                 |
|          | The most         | e |                 | G |                 |
|          | recently         | m |                 | F |                 |
|          | received data    | s |                 | A |                 |
|          | indicate         | s |                 | A |                 |
|          | continuing       | e |                 | w |                 |
|          | problems with    | e |                 | i |                 |
|          | the method       | m |                 | l |                 |
|          | variability.     | t |                 | l |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 | b |                 |
|          | IBSP recommends  | c |                 | e |                 |
|          | that the source  | o |                 | o |                 |
|          | of the problem   | m |                 | r |                 |
|          | be determined    | e |                 | d |                 |
|          | before releasing | f |                 | e |                 |
|          | any more data    | r |                 | r |                 |
|          | from             | o |                 | e |                 |
|          | environmental    | m |                 | d |                 |
|          | samples.         | t |                 | , |                 |
|          |                  | h |                 | c |                 |
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|          |                  | i |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | . |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| From     | The data still   | S |                 | T |                 |
|          | indicate high    | e |                 | h |                 |
| > QADATA | variability. Two | r |                 | e |                 |
| >        | of the last      | v |                 | G |                 |
|  Summary | seven values     | i |                 | F |                 |
| >        | received (29%)   | c |                 | A |                 |
|  January | are outside of   | e |                 | A |                 |
| > 2004   | +/-2             | a |                 | w |                 |
|          | f-pseudosigmas.  | g |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | m |                 | c |                 |
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|          |                  | n |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | t |                 |
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|          |                  | s |                 | s |                 |
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|          |                  |   |                 | . |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| From     | High variability | D |                 | T |                 |
|          | is still         | u |                 | h |                 |
| QADATA   | demonstrated.    | e |                 | e |                 |
| Summary  | Three of the     | t |                 | c |                 |
| Nov 2003 | last seven       | o |                 | o |                 |
|          | values received  | f |                 | s |                 |
|          | (43%) are        | a |                 | t |                 |
|          | outside of +/-2  | c |                 | r |                 |
|          | f-pseudosigmas.  | t |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 | u |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 | c |                 |
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|          |                  | s |                 |   |                 |
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|          |                  | m |                 |   |                 |
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|          |                  | t |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | f |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | c |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 |   |                 |
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|          |                  | s |                 |   |                 |
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|          |                  | v |                 |   |                 |
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|          |                  | r |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | m |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | h |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | c |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | m |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | l |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | c |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | . |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| From     | The most         | P |                 | A |                 |
|          | recently         | r |                 | l |                 |
| QADATA   | received data    | o |                 | l |                 |
| Summary  | indicate         | b |                 | o |                 |
| Sept     | on-going         | l |                 | f |                 |
| 2003     | problems with    | e |                 | o |                 |
|          | variability and  | m |                 | u |                 |
|          | a positive bias. | s |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | w |                 | l |                 |
|          | Since October    | i |                 | a |                 |
|          | 2002, five out   | t |                 | m |                 |
|          | of 19 points     | h |                 | p |                 |
|          | (26%) are        | l |                 | p |                 |
|          | outside of +/-2  | o |                 | o |                 |
|          | f-pseudosigmas   | w |                 | w |                 |
|          | with 3 of 19     | e |                 | e |                 |
|          | (16%) outside    | n |                 | r |                 |
|          | of\              | e |                 | s |                 |
|          | +/-3             | r |                 | u |                 |
|          | f-pseudosigmas.  | g |                 | p |                 |
|          |                  | y |                 | p |                 |
|          |                  | f |                 | l |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | m |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | f |                 |
|          |                  | h |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | A |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 | h |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | g |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  | c |                 | p |                 |
|          |                  | l |                 | h |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  | m |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | p |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | h |                 | f |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 | u |                 |
|          |                  | v |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  | l |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | c |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | h |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 | v |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | c |                 | b |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 | e |                 |
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|          |                  | i |                 | t |                 |
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|          |                  | b |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 | a |                 |
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|          |                  | d |                 | t |                 |
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|          |                  | n |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 | r |                 |
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|          |                  | . |                 | h |                 |
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|          |                  |   |                 | T |                 |
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|          |                  |   |                 | m |                 |
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|          |                  |   |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | l |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | y |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | b |                 |
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|          |                  |   |                 | t |                 |
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|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | l |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | m |                 |
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|          |                  |   |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | m |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | h |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | l |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | p |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | c |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | v |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | y |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | c |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | h |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | v |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | b |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | l |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | y |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | . |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| From     | The two new      | T |                 | W |                 |
|          | values received  | h |                 | e |                 |
| QADATA   | since the last   | e |                 | w |                 |
| Summary  | QADATA Summary   | p |                 | i |                 |
| July     | are both within\ | r |                 | l |                 |
| 2003     | one              | o |                 | l |                 |
|          | f-pseudosigma of | b |                 | c |                 |
|          | the median.      | l |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | n |                 |
|          | Analysis should  | m |                 | t |                 |
|          | be closely       | s |                 | i |                 |
|          | monitored until  | w |                 | n |                 |
|          | the next QADATA  | i |                 | u |                 |
|          | Summary is       | t |                 | e |                 |
|          | distributed.     | h |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | h |                 | m |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | G |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  | F |                 | i |                 |
|          |                  | A |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | A |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | l |                 | h |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | w |                 | G |                 |
|          |                  | w |                 | F |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 | A |                 |
|          |                  | v |                 | A |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | c |                 |
|          |                  | l |                 | l |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  | g |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | l |                 |
|          |                  | h |                 | y |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | h |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 | b |                 |
|          |                  | v |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  | b |                 | u |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | c |                 | h |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | h |                 |
|          |                  | c |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | p |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | . |                 | b |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | l |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | m |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | p |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | p |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  |   |                 | . |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
|          |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| [**T     | Data received as |   |                 |   |                 |
| hallium, | of mid-March     |   |                 |   |                 |
| Who      | show no bias,    |   |                 |   |                 |
| le-Water | and all values   |   |                 |   |                 |
| Re       | are within\      |   |                 |   |                 |
| coverabl | +/-1             |   |                 |   |                 |
| e**](htt | f-pseudosigma.   |   |                 |   |                 |
| p://bqs. |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| usgs.gov | **Due to the     |   |                 |   |                 |
| /bsp/QAD | pending closure  |   |                 |   |                 |
| ATA_all/ | of the OWQRL, no |   |                 |   |                 |
| JUL04OWQ | response is      |   |                 |   |                 |
| RL010590 | required.**      |   |                 |   |                 |
| .gif)**\ |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| GFAA     |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| labcode  |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 3131     |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| parmcode |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 1        |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 059(0)** |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| *        |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| Previous |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| comments |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| for      |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| t        |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| hallium, |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| who      |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| le-water |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| reco     |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| verable, |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| GFAA,    |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| labcode  |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 3131,    |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| parmcode |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
| 1059(0)* |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
| From     | As of January    | P |                 | C |                 |
|          | 2004, results    | r |                 | u |                 |
| > QADATA | indicate a       | o |                 | r |                 |
| >        | negative bias    | b |                 | r |                 |
|  Summary | (22%). This bias | l |                 | e |                 |
| > May    | is not evident   | e |                 | n |                 |
| > 2004   | for other        | m |                 | t |                 |
|          | methods          | s |                 | s |                 |
|          | analyzing for    | w |                 | t |                 |
|          | thallium.        | i |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | c |                 |
|          |                  | h |                 | k |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | w |                 |
|          |                  | h |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  | l |                 | u |                 |
|          |                  | l |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | u |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  | m |                 | f |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 | o |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 | e |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 | w |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 | t |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 | n |                 |
|          |                  | . |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  | D |                 | a |                 |
|          |                  | u |                 | r |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 | d |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 | s |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 | . |                 |
|          |                  | p |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | i |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | g |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | c |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | l |                 |   |                 |
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|          |                  | a |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | b |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | y |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | , |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | w |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | a |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | s |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | w |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | n |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | t |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | o |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | r |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | e |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | d |                 |   |                 |
|          |                  | . |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+
|          |                  |   |                 |   |                 |
+----------+------------------+---+-----------------+---+-----------------+