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| ## copenhagen hawthorn {#copenhagen-hawthorn .Title-Header}           |
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| *Crataegus intricata* Lange                                           |
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| Plant Symbol = CRIN3                                                  |
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##### *Contributed By: USDA NRCS National Plant Data Center*

## 

### Alternative Name

Entangled hawthorn

## 

### Uses

*Erosion Control*: Because it tolerates a wide variety of sites, it can
be planted to stabilize banks, for shelterbelts, and for erosion
control.

*Timber*: Although the wood is hard and strong, it has no commercial
value except for tool handles and other small items.

*Beautification*: Excellent for environmental plantings including small
specimen tree, shrub border.

*Wildlife*: It provides excellent food and cover for wildlife.

## 

### Status

# Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant's current status, such as, state noxious status and wetland indicator values.

### Description

*General*: Rose Family (Rosaceae). It is a large native shrub or small
tree that grows three to ten feet high. Branches contain curved thorns
1-1.5 inches long. Leaves are generally broadest at or below the middle,
shallow and sharply lobed, dark green and smooth to hairy. White flowers
are produced in clusters. Fruits are broadest above the middle and red,
orange, yellow, or
green.![](media/image2.png){width="2.801388888888889in"
height="3.5944444444444446in"}

*Distribution*: Copenhagen hawthorn grows from Massachusetts to
Michigan, south North Carolina, and Indiana.

### Adaptation

Although Copenhagen hawthorn will succeed in partial shade and different
soil types, it grows best in full sunlight and well-drained loamy soils.
It will tolerate wet soils before becoming drought tolerant once
established. It is also wind tolerant making it a good tree species in
shelterbelt planting. It is tolerant of atmospheric pollution and
performs well in urban settings.

### Establishment

*Propagation from Seed or Grafting*: Copenhagen hawthorn can be
propagated by either seeds or grafting. Successful propagation using
seeds requires acid scarification followed by warm stratification and
prechilling. Seeds, whose numbers per lb. varies with species, are
planted early in the fall, in drill rows eight to twelve inches apart
and covered with 1/4 inch of soil. Seedlings must not be kept in the
nursery longer than a year.

Containerized trees should be planted when they are no more than eight
feet tall, in the fall or spring. Balled and burlapped trees should be
planted in early spring.

Grafting on seedling stock of *Crataegus oxyacantha* or *Crataegus
monogyna* is best carried out in the winter to early spring.

### Management

Pruning should be done in the winter or early spring in order to
maintain a clear shoot leader on young trees and/or remove the weakest
branches to allow more light to pass through. Suckers or stems arising
from the roots should be removed when they become noticeable.

## 

### Pest and Potential Problems

## Although insects and diseases seldom affect Copenhagen hawthorn, it is susceptible to fireblight, cedar-hawthorn rust, cedar-quince rust, leaf blight, fruit rot, and leaf spot. 

## 

### Cultivars, Improved and Selected Materials (and area of origin)

Consult you local nurseries to choose the right cultivar for your
specific landscape. Contact your local Natural Resources Conservation
Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) office for more
information. Look in the phone book under "United States Government."
The Natural Resources Conservation Service will be listed under the
subheading "Department of Agriculture."

### References

Britton, N.L. & A. Brown 1913. *An illustrated flora of the northern
United States, Canada and the British possessions*. Charles Scribner's
Sons, New York, New York. Scanned by Kentucky Native Plant Society and
made available through PLANTS.

Dirr, M.A. 1990. *Manual of woody landscape plants: their
identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and
uses*. 3^rd^ ed. Stipes, Champaign, Illinois.

Duncan, W.H. & M.B. Duncan 1988. *Trees of the Southeastern United
States.* University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia.

Elias, T.S. 1989. *Field guide to North American trees*. Revised ed.
Grolier Book Clubs Inc., Danbury, Connecticut.

Flint, H.L. 1983. *Landscape plants for eastern North America*. John
Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, New York.

Harrar, E.S. & J.G. Harrar. 1962. *Guide to southern trees*. 2^nd^ ed.
Dover Publications, Inc., New York, New York.

Little, E.E. 1996. *National Audubon Society field guide to North
American trees: Eastern region*. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.

USDA Forest Service 1974. *Seeds of woody plants in the United States*.
Agricultural Handbook 450. USDA, Washington, DC.

USDA Forest Service 1990. *Silvics of North America*. Agricultural
Handbook 654. Forest Service, USDA, Washington, DC.

Young, J. A. & C.G. Young. 1992. *Seeds of woody plants in North
America*. Revised and enlarged ed. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon

### Prepared By

*Alfredo \"Fred\" B. Lorenzo*

Formerly Southern University and A&M College

College of Agricultural, Family and Consumer Sciences, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana

### Species Coordinator

*Lincoln M. Moore*

USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Edited: 10jan02 jsp; 05jun06 jsp

For more information about this and other plants, please contact your
local NRCS field office or Conservation District, and visit the PLANTS
Web site\<[http://plants.usda.gov](http://plants.usda.gov/)\> or the
Plant Materials Program Web site
\<[http://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov](http://Plant-Materials.nrcs.usda.gov/)\>

*The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in
all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national
origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual
orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases
apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
alternative means for communication of program information (Braille,
large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA\'s [TARGET
Center](http://www.usda.gov/oo/target.htm) at 202-720-2600 (voice and
TDD).*

*To file a complaint of discrimination write USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence
Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice or
TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.*

*Read about [Civil Rights at the Natural Resources Convervation
Service](http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/about/civilrights/).*