Docket Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0023

www.regulations.gov

**Coumaphos Summary Document**

**Registration Review: Initial Docket**

**June 2008**

Registration Review Document for

Coumaphos

Case No. 0018

> Approved By:
>
> \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Steven Bradbury, Ph.D.

Director, Special Review and

Reregistration Division

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

**Page \#**

I.  **Preliminary Work Plan (PWP) 4**

II. **Fact Sheet 9**

III. **Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations 16**

[\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_]{.underline}

**Please Note**

This Preliminary Work Plan and Fact Sheet summarize the Environmental
Protection Agency's current position based on the following documents:

1\. Revised Registration Review Preliminary Problem Formulation for the
Ecological

Risk Assessment of Coumaphos. April 28, 2008.

2\. Coumaphos: Registration Review Scoping Document for Human Health

Assessments. February 28, 2008.

3\. Coumaphos -- California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR)
Usage Report.

October 12, 2007.

Additional supporting documents for coumaphos may be found in the docket
EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0023 which may be found on the internet at
[www.regulations.gov](http://www.regulations.gov/).

I. Preliminary Work Plan -- Coumaphos

**[Introduction:]{.underline}**

The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 mandate: registration
review**.** All pesticides distributed or sold in the United States
generally must be registered by EPA, based on scientific data showing
that they will not cause unreasonable risks to human health, workers, or
the environment when used as directed on product labeling. The
registration review program is intended to make sure that, as the
ability to assess risk evolves and as policies and practices change, all
registered pesticides continue to meet the statutory standard of no
unreasonable adverse effects. Changes in science, public policy, and
pesticide use practices will occur over time. Through the registration
review program, the Agency periodically reevaluates pesticides to make
sure that as change occurs, products in the marketplace can be used
safely. Information on this program is provided at:
[http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/registration_review/.]{.underline}

The Agency has begun to implement the Registration Review program, and
will review each registered pesticide every 15 years to determine
whether it continues to meet the FIFRA standard for registration. The
public phase of registration review begins when the initial docket is
opened for each case. The docket is the Agency's opportunity to state
what it knows about the pesticide and what additional risk analyses and
data or information it believes are needed to make a registration review
decision. After reviewing and responding to comments and data received
in the docket during this initial comment period, the Agency will
develop and commit to a final work plan and schedule for the
registration review of coumaphos.

Coumaphos was first registered as a pesticide in the U.S. in 1958. The
active ingredient coumaphos is a member of the organophosphate (OP)
insecticide class that primarily affects the nervous system through
cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. The current supported uses for
coumaphos include direct application to animals, including dairy cattle,
beef cattle, swine, and horses, for the control of arthropod pests
including ticks, scabie mites, lice, flies, fleece worms and screw
worms. Coumaphos is also used in impregnated plastic strips in bee hives
to control varroa mites and small hive beetles. Coumaphos currently has
no agricultural crop or residential uses.

**[Anticipated Risk Assessment and Data Needs:]{.underline}**

The Agency anticipates conducting an ecological risk assessment,
including an endangered species assessment for all uses of coumaphos.
The Agency anticipates that no additional human health risk assessments
or related data will be needed.

Ecological Risk:

-   The most recent drinking water and ecological risk assessment was
    completed on May 16, 2006, for use in beehives to control varroa
    mites and small hive beetles.

-   The Agency anticipates needing the following data in order to
    conduct a complete ecological risk assessment for coumaphos,
    including an endangered species assessment. Please refer to section
    1.11.3, the *Revised Registration Review Preliminary Problem
    Formulation for the Ecological Risk Assessment of Coumaphos* for a
    detailed discussion of the anticipated risk assessment needs.

*Environmental Fate Studies:*

These studies are intended to provide information on how, or by what
mechanism, the pesticide degrades, the rate at which it degradates,
where it goes, and what transformation products are formed:

-   Guideline Number: 835.4100 - Aerobic Soil Metabolism (Oxygen

Analog; Coumaphoxon)

-   Guideline Number: 835.1220 - Sediment and Soil Adsorption/Desorption
    Batch Equilibrium (Oxygen Analog, Coumaphoxon)

*Ecological Toxicity Studies:*

These studies are intended to determine whether coumaphos is toxic to
algae and other aquatic plants. The registered uses of coumaphos as a
direct treatment for cattle may result in exposure to aquatic habitats
when treated cattle wade in ponds, streams, and other water bodies. The
aquatic plant studies will allow EPA to conduct a risk assessment for
aquatic habitats:

-   Guideline Number: 850.4400 - Aquatic Plant Toxicity Test, Tier I

-   Guideline Number: 850.5400 - Algal Toxicity, Tier I

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-   The planned ecological risk assessment will allow the Agency to
    determine whether coumaphos's use has "no effect" or "may affect"
    federally listed threatened or endangered species (listed species)
    or their designated critical habitat. If the assessment indicates
    that coumaphos "may affect" a listed species or its designated
    critical habitat, the assessment will be refined. The refined
    assessment will allow the Agency to determine whether use of
    coumaphos is "likely to adversely affect" the species or critical
    habitat or "not likely to adversely affect" the species or critical
    habitat. When an assessment concludes that a pesticide's use "may
    affect" a listed species or its designated critical habitat, the
    Agency will consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and/or
    National Marine Fisheries Services (the Services), as appropriate.

> *Human Health Risk:*

-   The previously completed dietary assessments (February 28, 2007)
    that considered exposures to coumaphos from food and drinking water
    are adequate and there is no dietary risk that exceeds the Agency's
    level concern (LOC).

-   The Agency does not anticipate requiring any further human health
    effects data. However, the Agency will update the dietary assessment
    to reflect tolerances for honey and honeycomb.

-   The Agency will also need to revisit the United States Department of
    Agriculture's (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) monitoring data
    for beef and milk that were used in the previous dietary risk
    assessment. FQPA requires the Agency to revisit the data five years
    after the tolerance assessment decision.

-   Occupational risks have been mitigated below the Agency's level of
    concern, and therefore no additional data or risk assessment are
    needed

**[Timeline:]{.underline}**

EPA has created the following estimated timeline for the completion of
the coumaphos registration review.

  ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------
  **Registration Review for Coumaphos -- Projected     
  Registration Review Timeline**                       

  **Activities**                                       **Time**

  Phase 1: Opening the docket                          

  Open Docket and Public Comment                       2008 - June

  Close Public Comment                                 2008 - September

  Phase 2: Case Development                            

  Final Work Plan                                      Nov. 2008

  Issue DCI                                            2009 - Jul. -
                                                       Sept.

  Data Submission                                      2011 - Oct. - Dec.

  Preliminary Risk Assessments and Public Comment      2013 - Apr. - Jun.

  Close Public Comment Period                          2013 - Jul. -
                                                       Sept.

  Phase 3: Registration Review Decision                

  Proposed Registration Review Decision                2013 - Oct. --
                                                       Dec.

  Close Public Comment Period                          2014 -- Jan. -
                                                       Mar.

  Final Registration Review Decision and Begin         2014 - Jul. --
  Post-Decision Follow-up                              Sept.

  Total (years)                                        6.0
  ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------

**[Guidance for Commenters:]{.underline}**

The public is invited to comment on EPA's preliminary registration
review work plan and rationale. The Agency will carefully consider all
comments as well as any additional information or data provided in a
timely manner prior to issuing a final work plan for the coumaphos case.

Through the registration review process, the Agency intends to solicit
information on trade irritants and, to the extent feasible, take steps
toward facilitating irritant resolution. Growers and other stakeholders
are asked to comment on any trade irritant issues resulting from lack of
Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) or disparities between U.S. tolerances and
MRLs in key export markets, providing as much specificity as possible
regarding the nature of the concern.

Coumaphos is not identified as a cause of impairment for any water
bodies listed as impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act,
based on information provided at
[http://oaspub.epa.gov/tmdl/waters_list.impairments?p_impid=3.]{.underline}
The Agency invites submission of water quality data for this pesticide.
To the extent possible, data should conform to the quality standards in
Appendix A of the *OPP Standard Operating Procedure: Inclusion of
Impaired Water Body and Other* *Water Quality Data in OPP's Registration
Review Risk Assessment and Management Process* (see:
<http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/ppdc/2006/november06/session1-sop.pdf>),
in order to ensure they can be used quantitatively or qualitatively in
pesticide risk assessments.

EPA seeks to achieve environmental justice, the fair treatment and
meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, color,
national origin, or income, in the development, implementation, and
enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. To help
address potential environmental justice issues, the Agency seeks
information on any groups or segments of the population who, as a result
of their location, cultural practices, or other factors, may have a
typical, unusually high exposure to coumaphos compared to the general
population. Please comment if you are aware of any sub-populations that
may have a typical, unusually high exposure compared to the general
population.

Stakeholders are also specifically asked to provide information and data
in refining the ecological risk assessment, including any
species-specific effects determinations. The Agency is interesting in
obtaining the following information for coumaphos.

1.  any current information pertaining to disposal of bioremediated
    cattle dip spent solution (i.e. dried sludge generated in the
    evaporation ponds)

2.  confirmation on the following label information

    a.  sites of application

    b.  formulations

    c.  application methods and equipment

    d.  maximum application rates

    e.  frequency of application, application intervals, and maximum
        number of applications per season

    f.  geographic limitations on use

3.  use or potential use distribution (e.g., geographical distribution)

4.  use history

5.  application timing (date of first application and application
    intervals) - national, state, and county

6.  usage/use information for non-agricultural uses (e.g., direct
    application to animals, bee hives)

7.  directly acquired county-level usage data (not derived from state
    level data)

    a.  maximum reported use rate from usage data -- county

    b.  total pounds per year -- county

    c.  the year the pesticide was last used in the county/sub-county
        area

    d.  the years in which the pesticide was applied in the
        county/sub-county area

8.  typical interval (days)

9.  state or local use restrictions

10. ecological incidents (non-target plant damage and avian, fish,
    reptilian, amphibian and mammalian mortalities) not already reported
    to the Agency

11. monitoring data

**[Next Steps:]{.underline}**

After the comment period closes, the Agency will review any comments
received in a timely manner, and then issue a Final Work Plan for this
pesticide.

**II. FACT SHEET**

[**Background Information**:]{.underline}

-   Coumaphos registration review case number: 0018.

-   Coumaphos PC Code: 036501, CAS#: 56-72-4.

-   Technical registrants: Bayer HealthCare LLC.

-   One technical product and 16 end-use products.

-   First registered as a pesticide in the U.S. in 1958.

-   Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) completed in August 1996.

-   Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs)
    and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions
    (TREDs (September 2000), and Completion of the Tolerance
    Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process for the
    Organophosphate Pesticides was completed in July 2006.

-   Special Review and Reregistration Division Chemical Review Manager
    (CRM): Wilhelmena Livingston:
    [livingston.wilhelmena@epa.gov.]{.underline}

-   Registration Division Product Manager (PM): George Larocca:
    [larocca.george@epa.gov]{.underline}

**[Use & Usage Information:]{.underline}** (For additional details,
please refer to the BEAD Appendix A document in the coumaphos docket.)

-   Coumaphos is an organophosphate insecticide/acaricide. The current
    supported uses for coumaphos include direct application to animals,
    including dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine and bedding, and horses,
    for the control anthropod pests including ticks, scabie mites, lice,
    flies, fleece worms and screw worms.

-   Coumaphos is also used in impregnated plastic strips in bee hives to
    control varroa mites and small hive beetles.

-   There are no residential uses for coumaphos.

-   Coumaphos currently has no agricultural crop uses.

-   The equipment used to applied coumaphos includes dip vats, low and
    high-pressure hand wands, back rubber/oiler, mechanical dusters,
    dust bags, and shaker cans.

-   Coumaphos is applied primarily during the early spring to late
    summer or during fly season for cattle use.

-   The CheckMite+ Bee Hive Pest Control Strips consist of plastic
    strips (prepackaged) that are impregnated with 10% liquid solution
    of the active ingredient, coumaphos. The label allows up to two
    strips hung in the hive's broad chamber for control of varroa mites,
    and the concurrent use of another 10% strip attached to the bottom
    board for control of beetles. The strips could remain in the hive
    for up to 45 days.

-   The use classification for the two liquid products (11.6%
    emulsifiable concentrate and the 42% flowable) are Restricted Use
    Pesticides (RUP). All other products have general use
    classifications.

-   Approximately 71,000 pounds of coumaphos are used annually in the
    Unites States.

-   The formulation types of the registered coumaphos products include
    the technical grade active ingredient, dust, emulsifiable
    concentrate, flowable concentrate, and impregnated material.

**[Recent Actions:]{.underline}**

-   A Section 18 emergency exemption for use of coumaphos in beehives to
    control varroa mites was issued to 38 states during the 2007 growing
    season and expired on February 1, 2008.

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-   A Federal Register notice (72 FR 2887) was issued on May 23, 2007,
    establishing permanent tolerances for residues of coumaphos in or on
    honey and honeycomb. The Agency issued a Section 3 registration on
    January 24, 2008 for honey and honeycomb. Interregional Research
    Project #4 (IR-4) requested these permanent tolerances.

**[Ecological Risk Assessment Status]{.underline}**:

The following are key findings of the coumaphos risk assessment. Please
refer to Section III, *Revised Registration Review Preliminary Problem
Formulation for the Ecological Risk Assessment of Coumaphos*, for a
detailed discussion of the anticipated ecological risk assessment needs.
The Agency will utilize the information provided from the previous risk
assessment as a resource for conducting the ecological risk assessment
for the registration review process.

-   A new assessment will include risk estimates from two pathways: the
    application of coumaphos to cattle via spray based on the registrant
    submitted data on wash-off estimates from cowhide, and from
    application of bioremediated spent vat-dip solutions to land.

-   The indoor use of coumaphos and the placement of the
    coumaphos-treated strips in beehives to control varroa mites and
    small hive beetles suggest that there are no routes of exposure to
    surface waters or the surrounding non-target terrestrial
    environment. Therefore there are no acute or chronic risk concerns
    and no concerns from the indoor use of coumaphos for effects to
    federally listed threatened or endangered species.

*Risk to Terrestrial Animals (Birds and Mammals):*

-   Coumaphos is expected to pose a significant acute risk to birds
    primarily due to ingestion of hair and skin debris from the treated
    cattle or secondary exposure from ingestion of birds killed by the
    pesticide, and contaminated with pesticide. Avian reproduction
    studies were not required in the 1996 RED due to the significant
    acute risk to birds. The birds would be killed before chronic
    effects could occur.

-   Coumaphos is not expected to pose a risk to endangered or
    non-endangered mammals due to the limited use pattern. The treatment
    of cattle in confined areas is not expected to result in significant
    exposure to endangered or non-endangered mammals.

*Risk to Aquatic Animals (Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates):*

-   Coumaphos usage on cattle is expected to pose an acute risk to
    aquatic invertebrates. Coumaphos is not expected to pose chronic or
    acute risks to endangered or non-endangered fish.

-   The residues of concern are coumaphos and its oxygen analogue
    coumaphoxon. Coumaphoxon is included in the Agency's tolerance
    expression, and was considered in the drinking water assessment.

*Risk to Endangered Species:*

-   Before the risk assessments are developed for public comment, the
    Agency will ensure that an endangered species assessment is complete
    for all currently registered uses of coumaphos.

-   On July 28, 2004, the Agency completed an *Effects Determination for
    Coumaphos for Pacific Anadromous Salmonids.* The Agency concluded
    that coumaphos will have no effect on any of the listed or proposed
    ESUs of Pacific salmon and steelhead. The risk quotients calculated
    for fish did not exceed the endangered species level of concern
    which indicates no direct risk to endangered fish. With regards to
    indirect effects, the risk quotients for aquatic invertebrates did
    exceed the level of concern. However, there is no risk to
    invertebrates due to the low poundage used in the Pacific Northwest
    and California and its seasonal localized treatment application. The
    Agency also concludes that coumaphos will have no indirect effects
    to endangered salmonids from loss of food supply.

**[Human Health Risk Assessment Status:]{.underline}**

Please refer to Section IV of this document, *Coumaphos Registration
Review Scoping Document for Human Health Assessments,* for a detailed
discussion of the anticipated risk assessment needs for human health. A
summary follows:

*Hazard Characterization:*

As an organophosphate insecticide, coumaphos primarily affects the
nervous system through cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. Systemic
toxicity in the form of decreased body weight gains was observed in
chronic studies; however, the most sensitive hazard endpoint observed
was ChE inhibition. Females are consistently more sensitive to the
cholinergic effects of coumaphos than males. In developmental toxicity
studies in rats and rabbits, no developmental toxicity was observed,
while clinical signs of ChE toxicity were seen in the maternal animals.

-   The available toxicology data for coumaphos are adequate to support
    currently registered uses. The Agency believes that there are
    reliable data to select endpoints for dermal and inhalation
    exposures resulting from the occupational uses of coumaphos, and to
    determine the appropriate uncertainty factors.

-   The acute toxicity of coumaphos is high via the oral route of
    exposure (Category I), moderate via the inhalation route (Category
    II), and slight via the dermal route (Category III). Coumaphos is
    not a dermal sensitizer or a dermal irritant, and it does not cause
    delayed neuropathy.

-   Coumaphos is classified as a Group E chemical, indicating that it is
    "Not Likely" to be carcinogenic in humans via relevant routes of
    exposure.

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-   In the current assessment, no discernible difference in exposure was
    observed when coumaphos residues in honey and beeswax were or were
    not included in an aggregate assessment. If coumaphos exposure from
    honey is insignificant in comparison to exposure to coumaphos from
    other uses of the chemical, it necessarily is insignificant in
    comparison to exposure to the more than 30 other OPs. For these
    reasons, EPA concludes that the establishment of a coumaphos honey
    tolerance will not raise a concern regarding cumulative OP exposure.

*Dietary (Food and Water):*

-   Acute and Chronic exposure estimates for food alone are below the
    Agency's level of concern.

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-   The dietary exposure database is adequate for registration review;
    however, the dietary assessment will need to be updated to reflect
    the tolerances for honey and honeycomb that were established in
    January 2008.

-   The GENEEC and SCI-GROW screening models were used to estimate
    surface water and groundwater concentrations of coumaphos and its
    oxygen analogue, coumaphoxon. The total (coumaphos and coumaphoxon)
    acute estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) in drinking
    water that was derived from surface water sources is not likely to
    exceed 1.86 ppb, and the chronic EEC is not likely are exceed 0.41
    ppb.

-   PDP monitoring data for beef and milk were used in a 2007 dietary
    risk assessment to estimate the dietary exposure and risk associated
    with the Section 3 registration of coumaphos on honey. FQPA requires
    that the Agency revisit the monitoring data five years after the
    tolerance assessment decision. Therefore, EPA will revisit coumaphos
    monitoring data.

-   The existing residue chemistry database for coumaphos is adequate
    and no additional data are required.

*Residential:*

-   There are no residential uses for coumaphos. Therefore, a
    residential risk assessment is not required.

*Aggregate:*

-   The aggregate assessment includes food and drinking water exposures
    only (there are no residential uses).

-   The acute aggregate dietary exposure estimates are below the
    Agency's level of concern for the U.S. population and all population
    subgroups. The combined dietary exposures from food and drinking
    water at the 99.9% percentile of exposure is 15% of the aPAD for the
    U.S. and 38% of the aPAD for all infants, the most highly exposed
    population subgroup.

-   The chronic aggregate dietary exposure estimates are below the
    Agency's level of concern for the U.S. population and all population
    subgroups. The combined dietary exposure from food and drinking
    water is 6% of the cPAD for the U.S. population and 13% of the cPAD
    for all infants, the most highly exposed population subgroup.

*Cumulative Risk Characterization (CRA):*

The Agency developed a highly refined and complex cumulative risk
assessment for the OPs that represent's the state of the science
regarding existing hazard and exposure data and the models and
approaches used. In accordance with the August 2006 deadline under the
FQPA, the Agency concluded that the results of the OP cumulative risk
assessment support a reasonable certainty of no harm finding. Although
coumaphos was in the revised OP CRA, through the use of Pesticide Data
Program (PDP) data, there were no residues contributing to the overall
exposure.

-   EPA does not believe that inclusion of coumaphos residues in honey
    in the OP CRA will significantly modify the calculated risk. This
    conclusion is based on three factors. First, honey is a low
    consumption food, and, thus, even if honey contained quantifiable
    levels of OPs, it would be unlikely to significantly alter the OP
    CRA. Second, available monitoring data for beef and milk indicates
    that, despite widespread use of coumaphos, residues of coumaphos in
    honey as consumed are exceedingly low, if present at all. Finally, a
    prior risk assessment for coumaphos indicated that aggregate risk
    from coumaphos was essentially unchanged when honey containing
    levels of coumaphos residues found in field trials was added to the
    coumaphos risk assessment.

*Occupational*:

-   In the September 2000, *Reregistration Eligibility Decision Addendum
    and FQPA Tolerance Reassessment Progress Report for Coumaphos*,
    occupational risk were mitigated to acceptable levels with the
    addition of personal protective equipment, engineering controls and
    the following label changes: restriction of the 42 % flowable
    product to only USDA-APHIS use, prohibition of the mechanical duster
    use, limitation on the number of animals and area of animal bedding
    to be treated.

-   Occupational postapplication exposure was not assessed because the
    Agency determined that there is likely to be minimal exposure to
    workers contacting animals immediately after the application is
    complete and the amount of exposure is likely to be substantially
    lower than the exposure to handlers.

-   A February 2000 document, *Coumaphos Risk Assessment for Section 18
    Use of Coumaphos in Bee Hives in Florida to Control Vorroa Mites*,
    indicated that a risk assessment for occupational exposure was not
    required for a Section 18 use of coumaphos in bee hives in Florida,
    however, the Agency recommended that "chemical resistant" gloves be
    required for use by applicators when using the end-use product,
    CheckMite+ Bee hive Pest Control Strips to control varroa mites.
    This label requirement is currently on the label.

-   There is currently adequate information to support an occupational
    assessment of coumaphos. No new data are required for registration
    review.

**[Incidents:]{.underline}**

-   An analysis of the incidence reports will be included in a separate
    memo and placed in the docket.

**[Data Call-In Status:]{.underline}**

-   There are no current data call-ins for coumaphos.

**[Tolerances and International Harmonization:]{.underline}**

+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| **US**                      |      | **Canada**                      |
+=============================+======+=================================+
| **Residue Definition:**     |      |                                 |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| 40CFR180.189                |      | O-3-chloro-4-                   |
|                             |      |                                 |
| coumaphos ( O,O -diethyl O  |      | methylcoumarin-7-yl             |
| -3-chloro-4-methyl          |      |                                 |
| -2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl |      | O,O-diethyl                     |
| phosphorothioate and its    |      |                                 |
| oxygen analog ( O,O         |      | phosphorothioate                |
| -diethyl O                  |      |                                 |
| -3-chloro-4-methyl          |      |                                 |
| -2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl |      |                                 |
| phosphate)                  |      |                                 |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Commodity Tolerance (ppm)   |      |                                 |
| /Maximum Residue Limit      |      |                                 |
| (mg/kg)                     |      |                                 |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Commodity                   | US   | Canada                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Cattle, fat                 | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Cattle, meat                | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Cattle, meat byproducts     | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Goat, fat                   | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Goat, meat                  | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Goat, meat byproducts       | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Hog, fat                    | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Hog, meat                   | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Hog, meat byproducts        | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Honey                       | 0.15 |                                 |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Honeycomb                   | 45.0 |                                 |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Horse, fat                  | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Horse, meat                 | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Horse, meat byproducts      | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Milk, fat (=n in whole      | 0.5  |                                 |
| milk)                       |      |                                 |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Sheep, fat                  | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Sheep, meat                 | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Sheep, meat byproducts      | 1.0  | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Poultry, meat               |      | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| Poultry, meat-by-products   |      | 0.5^1^                          |
+-----------------------------+------+---------------------------------+

^1^Calculated on the fat content.

Note: There are no tolerances and international harmonization for Mexico
and Codex (withdrawn from Codex in 1980).

**[Labels]{.underline}:**

A list of registration numbers may be found in the coumaphos docket and
the labels can then be obtained from the Pesticide Product Label System
(PPLS) website: <http://oaspub.epa.gov/pestlabl/ppls.home>.

**III. GLOSSARY AND TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS**

**Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations**

AGDCI Agricultural Data Call-In

ai Active Ingredient

aPAD Acute Population Adjusted Dose

BCF Bioconcentration Factor

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

cPAD Chronic Population Adjusted Dose

CSF Confidential Statement of Formula

CSFII USDA Continuing Surveys for Food Intake by Individuals

DCI Data Call-In

DEEM Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model

DFR Dislodgeable Foliar Residue

DNT Developmental Neurotoxicity

EC Emulsifiable Concentrate Formulation

EDWC Estimated Drinking Water Concentration

EEC Estimated Environmental Concentration

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EUP End-Use Product

FDA Food and Drug Administration

FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

FFDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

FQPA Food Quality Protection Act

GLN Guideline Number

IR Index Reservoir

LC~50~ Median Lethal Concentration. A statistically derived
concentration of a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50%
of test animals. It is usually expressed as the weight of substance per
weight or volume of water, air or feed, e.g., mg/l, mg/kg or ppm.

LD~50~ Median Lethal Dose. A statistically derived single dose that can
be expected to cause death in 50% of the test animals when administered
by the route indicated (oral, dermal, inhalation). It is expressed as a
weight of substance per unit weight of animal, e.g., mg/kg.

LOC Level of Concern

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level

MATC Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration

µg/g Micrograms Per Gram

µg/L Micrograms Per Liter

mg/kg/day Milligram Per Kilogram Per Day

mg/L Milligrams Per Liter

MOE Margin of Exposure

MRID Master Record Identification (number). EPA\'s system of recording
and tracking studies submitted.

MUP Manufacturing-Use Product

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level

OPP EPA Office of Pesticide Programs

OPPTS EPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances

PAD Population Adjusted Dose

PCA Percent Crop Area

PDP USDA Pesticide Data Program

PHED Pesticide Handler\'s Exposure Data

PHI Preharvest Interval

ppb Parts Per Billion

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

ppm Parts Per Million

PRZM/EXAMS Tier II Surface Water Computer Model

Q~1~\* The Carcinogenic Potential of a Compound, Quantified by the
EPA\'s Cancer Risk Model

RAC Raw Agriculture Commodity

RED Reregistration Eligibility Decision

REI Restricted Entry Interval

RfD Reference Dose

RQ Risk Quotient

SCI-GROW Tier I Ground Water Computer Model

SAP Science Advisory Panel

SF Safety Factor

SLC Single Layer Clothing

TGAI Technical Grade Active Ingredient

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

USGS United States Geological Survey

UF Uncertainty Factor

UV Ultraviolet

WPS Worker Protection Standard