> FED‑STD‑800\
> January 5, 1989

FEDERAL STANDARD

TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS FOR\
SECURITY EQUIPMENT AND PRACTICES

FOREWORD

This Federal Standard has been developed through the efforts of the
Interagency Advisory Committee on Security Equipment (IACSE). The IACSE
was established to advise and assist the General Services Administration
(GSA) in the development of specifications, standards and test
requirements for security equipment.

The IACSE recommended and supported development of the standard to
provide a common basis for specification and interpretation of security
requirements. It represents a significant effort on the part of the
IACSE membership in developing and reviewing the material contained
herein, prior to publication.

The terms, definitions and symbols provided herein are not intended to
establish the terms and symbols as standards, but are intended to define
the terms to improve understanding.

The standard consists of a compilation of known terms, definitions and
symbols used by Government agencies, industry associations, testing and
standards groups and individual manufacturers.

This Standard is approved by the Commissioner, Federal Supply Service,
General Services Administration, for the use of all Federal agencies.

CONTENTS

1\. Scope 5

1.1 Limitations 5

1.2 Applications 5

2\. Terms and definitions 5

A 6

B 26

C 40

D 70

E 91

F 99

G 113

H 120

I 128

J 136

K 139

L 144

M 154

N 170

O 176

P 181

Q 201

R 202

S 218

T 249

U 265

V 268

W 275

X 279

Y 279

Z 280

3\. Symbols 281

Access Control 282

Annunciation 284

Barriers and vehicle control 288

Communications 291

Switches 292

Sensors 296

Assessment 302

Lighting 306

Electrical 308

Window glazing 315

Locking devices 317

Miscellaneous 322

Symbols Sources 323

4\. Notes 324

1\. Scope. This standard contains terms, definitions and symbols for
security equipment and practices used by Government agencies.

1.1 Limitations. This standard is not intended to limit the use of other
terms or symbols not contained herein. Some terms and symbols set forth
herein are not intended to be considered as standard terms and are
provided only to assist in interpretation of specifications or
standards, in which they may be used.

1.2 Applications. The terms and symbols set forth herein may be used by
agencies in developing specifications for security requirements. Terms
or symbols may be further defined for specific applications. If terms
contained herein are used with a meaning other than that set forth, a
definition of the term should be included in the specification, standard
or other document. Terms or symbols not contained herein may be used.

1.3 Alphabetization. The alphabetization system used herein is not based
strictly on the sequence of the letters in the terms or phrases. Terms
which involve numbers are placed as if the number was spelled out.

2\. Terms and definitions.

A

A, AA, AA1, 1AA, ETC. 1. See Key Symbol. 2. See Keying Symbol. 3. See
Standard Key Coding System.

AA & E Arms, Ammunitions, and Explosives.

ABERRATION Failure of an optical lens to produce exact point‑to‑point
correspondence between an object and its image. In a cathode‑ray tube, a
defect when the electron lens does not bring the electron beam to the
same point of sharp focus at all points on the screen.

AC See Alternating Current.

AC ALARM SYSTEM See Alternating‑Current Alarm System.

AC LINE CARRIER A method of transmitting signals over standard AC power
lines. These signals can be alarm signals or data that activate other
devices on the AC power lines.

AC POWER SUPPLY A power supply that serves as a source of one or more
alternating‑current output voltages. The supply may be an AC generator,
transformer, or inverter.

AC RIPPLE Fluctuations in the output of a DC rectifier or power supply.

ACADEMY OF SECURITY EDUCATORS AND TRAINERS (ASET) A nonprofit
organization formed to further the field of professional security
training. ASET has created the Certified Security Trainer (CST) program
to certify qualified individuals responsible for training security
professionals.

ACCESS 1. A condition or equipment mode that allows authorized entry
into a protected area without alarm by electronically or mechanically
deactivating a sensor or sensors. 2. The ability and means to approach,
to store or retrieve data, to communicate with or make use of any
resource of an ADP system. 3. The ability and opportunity to obtain
knowledge of classified information. An individual may have access to
classified information by being in a place where such information is
kept, if the security measures which are in force do not prevent him
from gaining knowledge of the classified information.

ACCESS CODE Symbolic data or instructions which, if correct, grant
access to a system or protected area.

ACCESS CONTROL 1. An aspect of security that utilizes hardware systems
and specialized procedures to control and monitor the movement of
individuals, vehicles, or materials into, out of, or within secured
areas. Access to various points may be a function of authorization level
or time, or a combination of the two. Many access‑control systems
feature historical data bases for reference. 2. The use of physical
security as a means of controlling movement into or out of secured
areas.

ACCESS‑CONTROL CARD A mylar plastic, PVC, or polyester card similar in
size to a standard credit card. Each card contains coded information
that is placed on or within the card depending on the particular
technology employed. The card is placed in or near a card reader to open
a door or gate. Access is granted if the information on the card is
valid for that specific time, date, and card reader location.

ACCESS CONTROL READER CARD, PASSIVE ELECTRONIC CODING This type of card
contains a flat, electronically‑tuned circuit. The card reader generates
a radio frequency (RF) field.

ACCESS CONTROL READER CARD, OPTICAL CODING This type of card contains
geometric array of spots printed and laminated into the card. Photo
detectors read the spots to decipher the card\'s code. Most optical
systems use infrared lights to read the code so the spots are not
visible under normal lighting.

ACCESS CONTROL READER CARD, MAGNETIC CODING This type of card contains
geometric array of spots are encoded on a permanent, magnetic material
on the card and are read by magnetic sensors.

ACCESS CONTROL READER CARD, MAGNETIC STRIPPING This type of card
contains bits of information, encoded in the card\'s magnetic strip,
which are read as the card is moved past a magnetic head.

ACCESS CONTROL READER CARD, ACTIVE ELECTRONIC CODING This type of card
is read by a card reader that supplies power to the electronically coded
card via magnetic induction.

ACCESS CONTRO SYSTEM A system to identify and/or admit personnel with
properly authorized acces to a SCIF using physical, electronic, and/or
human controls.

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM, UNATTENDED An electronic, electromechanical or
mechanical system designed to identify and/or admit personnel with
properly authorized access to the secure area. Identification may be
based on any number of factors such as a sequencing of a combination,
special key, badge, fingerprints, signature, voice, etc. These systems
are for personnel access control only and are not to be used for the
protection of stored information or materials.

ACCESS LEVEL See Authorization Level.

ACCESS MODE The operation of an alarm system such that no alarm signal
is given when the protected area is entered; however, a signal may be
given if the sensor, annunciator, or control unit is tampered with or
opened.

ACCESS PARAMETERS Information programmed or entered into a central
controller that defines system variables such as authorization levels,
entry times, and identification codes.

ACCESS SWITCH See Authorized Access Switch.

ACCESS/SECURE CONTROL UNIT See Control Unit.

ACCORDION GATE See Sliding Metal Gate.

ACCREDITATION Official approval and designation of an area, room or
installation, which meets physical security criteria, for the receipt,
storage and use of classified material. (The formal approval of a
specific place, referred to as a Sensitive Compartmented Information
Facility (SCIF), that meets prescribed physical, technical, and personal
security standards. DCID 1/21 Draft May 93)

ACCREDITED FACILITY A designated area which requires an appropriate
security clearance and indoctrination for admittance. An area, room,
group of rooms, or installation where classified information material
may be stored used, discussed and/or electronically processed.

ACCUMULATOR See Accumulator Circuit

ACCUMULATOR CIRCUIT A circuit that initiates an alarm signal as a
function of accumulated data. For example, in an audio alarm control
unit, the accumulator sums the amplitudes of a series of pulses, which
are larger than some threshold level, subtracts from the sum, at a
predetermined rate, to account for random background pulses, and
initiates an alarm signal when the sum exceeds some predetermined level.
A specified number of pulses of a given amplitude generated by an audio
source causes an audio sensor to alarm. It is also called an integrator
circuit or (in digital circuits) a counter.

ACE LOCK A type of pin tumbler lock in which the pins are installed in a
circle around the axis of the cylinder, and move perpendicularly to the
face of the cylinder. The shear line of the driver and bottom tumblers
is a plane parallel to the face of the cylinder. This type of lock is
operated with a push key.

ACHROMATIC LENS A lens which is corrected for chromatic aberration in
two wavelengths of light.

ACIA See Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter.

ACKNOWLEDGE An operation required by many alarm monitoring systems
whereby an incoming alarm is \"acknowledged\" by pressing a special
function key or keys. This verifies that the guard has been alerted to
each new alarm event. In many systems, the guard must acknowledge each
new alarm to silence an audio alert.

ACOUSTIC SECURITY Those security measures designed and used to deny
aural access to classified information.

ACOUSTIC SENSORS Pickup device (e.g., a microphone) to detect sounds
created by intruders.

ACQUIRED DATA All alarm or access data that has been collected in real
time and transmitted to a central controlling unit for processing.

ACTINIC LIGHT Light that is capable of producing a specific effect such
as the exposure of photographic film. Not all wavelengths (colors) of
light affect film.

ACTIVATE To \"turn on\" or place a protective system (or component) in
an operational status, that is, in readiness to function as designed.

ACTIVE DOOR (OR LEAF) The leaf of a double door that must be opened
first and which is used in normal pedestrian traffic. This leaf is
usually the one in which a lock is installed.

ACTIVE INTRUSION SENSOR An active sensor which detects the presence of
an intruder within the range of the sensor. Examples are an ultrasonic
motion detector, a radio frequency motion detector, and a
photoelectronic alarm system. Also see Passive Intrusion Sensor.

ACTIVE SENSOR A sensor capable of generating a radiation field or beam
for the purpose of detection. An example is a sensor that produces a
microwave beam. Movement within the beam causes the sensor circuitry to
initiate an alarm. See also Passive Sensor.

ACTUATE To initiate or trigger an alarm; to put into action a protective
system, alarm system, or a component. ACTUATING BLOCK That portion of a
magnetic contact set containing the magnet. The switching element is
housed in the mating piece called the contact block.

ACTUATOR Any type of sensor or switch in a security system capable of
initiating an alarm signal.

ACUITY, VISUAL The resolution or sharpness of human vision.

ADAPTATION 1. Adjustment to environmental conditions. In the human eye,
the involuntary change in the diameter of the pupil (which controls the
amount of light entering the eye) and the sensitivity of the retina,
with variations in the brightness of the scene viewed. It is analogous
to automatic exposure control in cameras. 2. The act or process of
adapting. 3. The state of being adapted.

ADD‑ON SECURITY The retrofitting of protection mechanisms and features
after a system has been designed and become operational (e.g., secure
front end filter).

ADDITIVE PRIMARIES Primary colors which can be mixed to form other
colors, but which cannot themselves be produced by mixing other
primaries. Red, green, and blue are the primaries in television because,
when added in various proportions, they produce a wide range of other
colors.

ADDRESS 1. A unique binary code on a transponder or similar device that
allows a central computer to identify and communicate with that single
device. Transponder devices are usually \"addressed\" by clipping
jumpers on a PC board or setting a switch to a certain number. 2. In
reference to microprocessors, a coded instruction designating the
location of data or program segments stored in registers or memory.

ADDRESS SWITCH A dip switch, rotary switch, or similar component
included on a device for the purpose of setting an address code.
Equipment, such as transponders or data gathering panels, requires a
unique address so that a central processing monitor can distinguish
between several identical units in a system.

ADJACENT CUT DIFFERENTIAL See Maximum Adjacent Cut Specification.

ADJUSTABLE MORTISE CYLINDER Any mortise cylinder whose length can be
adjusted for a better fit in doors of varying thickness.

ADMINISTRATIVE/SERVICE AREAS Those identified areas within an accredited
SCIF where no storage, handling, discussion and/or processing of SCI is
allowed.

ADP See Automated Data Processing.

ADP FACILITY An installation, room or area where computer processing and
related activities occur. See also Central Computer Room and Remote
Terminal Room.

ADP SYSTEM An assembly of computer equipment, facilities, personnel,
software and procedures configured for the purpose of sorting,
calculating, computing, summarizing, storing and retrieving data and
information with a minimum of human intervention.

ADP SYSTEM SECURITY See Automated Data Processing Security System

AFC See Automatic Frequency Control.

AFOCAL An optical system whose object and image points are at infinity.

AFTE Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners.

AFTER IMAGE In video systems, the momentary retention of an image on a
CRT screen. See also Burn‑in.

AGC See Automatic Gain Control.

AIR GAP The distance between two magnetic elements in a magnetic or
electromagnetic circuit, such as between the core and the armature of a
relay.

AIR TERMINAL See Lightning Conductor.

AIRY DISC The image of a point source at an infinite distance, as formed
in the focal plane of a lens. Due to the wave nature of light, this
image is never simply a point, but a small disk, no matter how perfect
the lens corrections. The airy disc appears as a round, bright patch of
light, surrounded by a series of alternating dark and light rings of
increasing diameter and rapidly decreasing brightness.

ALARM 1. Input condition to a monitoring system that indicates a sensor
has changed from the secure state. 2. A device that functions as an
alerting mechanism. 3. An audible or visual indication of an alarm
condition.

ALARM ASSESSMENT SYSTEM A device or system that allows operator
qualification or assessment of a previously reported alarm. CCTV or
audio listen‑in systems are examples of alarm assessment systems. These
systems provide the operator with images and/or audio to assist in a
judgment of the nature or priority of the reported alarm.

ALARM, BREAK Alarm signal produced by opening an electrical circuit.

ALARM BYPASS In access‑control systems having alarms for individual
doors, the alarm bypass shunts the alarm when an authorization is given
for entry. Unauthorized attempts to gain entry result in an alarm.

ALARM CENTER A specified area, physically located within the boundaries
of designated areas where nuclear weapons are stored, maintained, or on
alert, in which the master site intrusion detection alarm, perimeter,
structure, and facility alarm annunciators are located.

ALARM CHECK VALVE

ALARM CIRCUIT An electrical circuit of an alarm system which produces or
transmits an alarm signal.

ALARM CONDITION 1. A state of readiness for physical response to an
alarm signal. 2. An equipment response to an alarm signal. 3. A
threatening condition, such as an intrusion, fire, or holdup, sensed by
a detector.

ALARM CONTROL Part of an alarm system that arms, disarms, and supervises
a security or fire system.

ALARM CROSS Alarm signal generated when the wires of an alarm system are
shorted together.

ALARM DEVICE A device which signals a warning in response to an alarm
condition, such as a bell, siren, or annunciator.

ALARM DISCRIMINATION The ability of an alarm system to distinguish
between those stimuli caused by an intrusion and those which are a part
of the environment.

ALARM DOOR SWITCH A balanced magnetic switch so designed and installed
that opening the door or introducing an outside magnetic force will
cause an alarm to be generated.

ALARM, HOLDUP Device which generates an alarm when a concealed switch is
opened or closed. Also see Duress Alarm.

ALARM LINE A wired electrical circuit used for the transmission of alarm
signals from the protected premises to a monitoring station.

ALARM, LOCAL 1. System which causes a local bell or horn to sound when
an alarm condition exists. 2. A system that alerts, by way of audio or
visual components, an alarm condition at the protected area.

ALARM MONITOR See Alarm Receiver.

ALARM RECEIVER A device in a security system that responds to an alarm
signal. An alarm receiver may annunciate the alarm, or process the alarm
signal for display on a separate annunciator. Many alarm receivers have
an integral or peripheral hard‑copy printer for event‑recording
purposes. See also Annunciator.

ALARM SCREEN A type of security sensor that consists of an electrified
window screen. Cutting or breaking the screen causes an open circuit and
trips an alarm. Alarm screens are available in many sizes and styles to
suit the particular installation.

ALARM SENSOR See Sensor.

ALARM SIGNAL 1. A communication in the form of electrical, optical, or
electromagnetic data that indicates an alarm has been initiated. An
alarm signal is generated by an alarm signal transmitter (often the
sensor itself) and is transmitted to an alarm receiver for annunciation.
2. A signal produced by a control unit indicating the existence of an
alarm condition.

ALARM STATE A condition whereby a sensor has initiated an alarm signal.

ALARM STATION 1. A manually actuated device installed at a fixed
location to transmit an alarm signal in response to an alarm condition,
such as a concealed holdup button in a bank teller\'s cage. 2. A
well‑marked emergency control unit, installed in fixed locations usually
accessible to the public, used to summon help in response to an alarm
condition. The control unit contains either a manually actuated switch
or telephone connected to fire or police headquarters, or a telephone
answering service. See also Remote Station Alarm System.

ALARM SYSTEM An assemblage of sensors, signaling apparatus, and
annunciator equipment for the purpose of detecting an intrusion, theft,
or abnormal condition.

ALARM TRANSMITTER A device that sends a signal for the purpose of
reporting sensor status to an alarm receiver.

ALARMING SEQUENTIAL SWITCHER A video switcher that displays views from
several cameras in a predetermined cycle. In addition to sequencing, the
switcher automatically displays views from a zone that has an alarm
signal. The alarm is detected via the CCTV system alarm input for
sensors in that zone.

ALC See Automatic Level Control

ALERT AREA A designated permanent land‑based area where delivery systems
containing nuclear weapons are located and are postured for immediate
reaction.

ALERT SECURITY SYSTEM A security system which has a local signaling
device to alert persons inside a facility that someone has come in
through an entrance.

ALGORITHM A method of development that achieves an end product as a
result of predetermined criteria or processes. Algorithms are used in
the development of computer software. In security applications,
combinations of sensor inputs may be categorized into specific patterns
that result in certain annunciation responses as defined by the
annunciator equipment circuitry or software.

ALKALINE BATTERY A zinc‑alkaline manganese type of battery. A popular
battery available in a variety of standard packages. It comprises
manganese dioxide, alkaline potassium hydroxide, and a zinc case.
Advantages of this composition are improved shelf life and the ability
to operate in lower temperatures than carbon‑zinc batteries.

ALL‑SECTION KEY BLANK The key section which enters all keyways of a
multiplex key system.

ALOA Associated Locksmiths of America.

ALPHANUMERIC A contraction of \"alphabetic\" and \"numeric\". A
character set including letters, numerals, and usually special symbols.
Also described devices that can handle or produce alphanumeric
information.

ALPHANUMERIC PRINTER A device capable of printing alphanumeric
characters.

ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) A flow of electric current that surges to
maximum in a single direction, drops to a zero state, and then reverses
direction. The sequence is continuous, and each flow and reversal
represents one cycle. The number of cycles occurring during a one second
interval is the frequency and is expressed in hertz.

ALTERNATING CURRENT ALARM SYSTEM An alarm transmission system that
provides line supervision with an AC balanced resistive‑bridge network.
An advantage of AC transmission systems is that the signals can be sent
via standard voice‑grade telephone lines and do not require dedicated dc
metallic conductors.

AMBIENT LIGHT See Available Light.

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE The temperature of the immediate environment.

AMBUSH CODE A special code for digital keypad entry or an access‑control
system that remotely warns of a duress situation when entered.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) The coordinator of
America\'s voluntary standards system. ANSI meets national standards
needs by marshaling the competence and cooperation of commerce and
industry, standards developing organizations, and public and consumer
interests. ANSI specifications listed in the manual have been adopted by
the Department of Defense (DoD).

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL SECURITY (ASIS) Founded in 1955, ASIS is
an organization devoted to furthering professional standards in the
security field. The Certified Protection Professional (CPP) program is
administered by ASIS to recognize qualified security professionals. ASIS
regularly conducts numerous regional and national conferences.

AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE (ASCII) A
standardized binary communications code that allows compatibility among
equipment of different manufacturers. The code comprises a 7‑bit data
sequence with an eighth bit for parity. ASCII code comprises 128
different keyboard characters and control symbols.

AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE (AWG) A standardized table of numeric values
representing the various diameters of wire. Also referred to as the
Brown and Sharpe wire gauge.

AMPERE A unit of electrical current. One ampere is equal to one volt
across one ohm of resistance. Also referred to as amp. The symbol for
ampere is A.

AMPERE HOUR A measurement of electric charge in a storage battery. One
ampere of current flowing for one hour equals one ampere hour of charge.
Also referred to as Amp‑hr. The symbol for ampere hour is Ah.

AMPLIFIER A device that enlarges an input signal. It is used to increase
the input to a greater output level by introducing outside power.

AMPLITUDE DISTORTION The difference in shape of an amplifier\'s output
signal from the shape of the input signal.

AMPLITUDE RESPONSE The maximum amplitude measurements obtained at
selected points on the frequency range for a device operating at rated
capacity.

ANALOG DATA Data in a form that represents a continuous reading from
minimum to a maximum. Examples of analog data are voice waveforms.
Analog data may be contrasted with digital data, which is based on
simple on/off or multilevel states, rather than continuous waveforms or
curves.

ANALOG OUTPUT The signal produced by an analog sensor or device. See
also Analog Data.

ANALOG SENSOR A sensor capable of producing a signal that varies over a
continuous range. Temperature and speed indicators are examples of
analog sensors.

ANALOG‑TO‑DIGITAL CONVERTER A device or circuit that changes the
variable voltage of an analog device to discrete pulses (or binary
input) for a digital circuit. See also Digital‑to‑Analog Converter.

ANAMORPHIC A lens or optical system in which the magnification is
different in the horizontal and vertical directions.

ANASTIGMAT A lens which has been corrected for astigmatism, and
therefore focuses vertical and horizontal lines in the same plane with
equal brightness and definition.

ANCHOR A device used to secure a building part or component to adjoining
construction or to a supporting member. See also floor anchor, jam
anchor and stud anchor.

AND CIRCUIT A basic electrical circuit so devised that power must be
present at each of two inputs to create an output.

ANECHOIC CHAMBER A sound cavity in a horn or siren that minimizes echoes
and vibrations.

ANGLE OF CUT 1. See Cut Angle #1. 2. See Degree of Rotation.

ANGLE OF FIELD See Field of View.

ANGLE OF VIEW The angular limits of the viewing area of a video or film
camera.

ANGSTROM UNIT A unit of length equal to 10‑10 or one ten‑billionth of a
meter. Used as a unit of measure for atomic distances and the wavelength
of light. The symbol for Angstrom is an A.

ANGULARLY BITTED KEY A key which has cuts made into the blade at various
degrees of rotation from the perpendicular.

ANNUNCIATOR A device that signals a change of protection zone status in
a security system. An annunciator may log alarms or display a continuous
status for each alarm sensor in a system. Examples of annunciators
include CRT displays, illuminated mimic boards, and printers. It is
sometimes called an alarm receiver or alarm monitor. An annunciator may
consist of a number of visible signals such as \"flaps\" or lamps
indicating the status of the detectors in an alarm system or systems.
Each circuit in the device is usually labelled to identify the location
and condition being monitored. Annunciators use visual and/or audio
alerting components. When an alarm condition is reported, a signal is
indicated visibly, audibly, or both. The visible signal is generally
maintained until reset, either manually or automatically.

ANSI See American National Standards Institute.

ANSWERING SERVICE A business which contracts with subscribers to answer
incoming telephone calls after a specified delay or when scheduled to do
so. It may also provide other services such as relaying fire or
intrusion alarm signals to proper authorities.

ANTICOMPROMISE EMERGENCY DESTRUCT EQUIPMENT (ACED) Equipment whose
primary function is the prevention of the recovery of national security
information and material under emergency or \"no‑notice\" conditions by
means of complete destruction of security information and material.

ANTI‑EAVESDROP DEVICE A specialized device that scans rf transmission
frequencies to detect the presence of covert listening devices.

ANTI‑FRICTION LATCH A latch bolt that incorporates any device which
reduces the closing friction between the latch and the strike.

ANTI‑JAM A feature of some telephone dialers that prevents the
interruption of a dial‑out by incoming calls.

ANTI‑PASSBACK A feature of an access‑control system that requires that a
card used to enter an area be used to exit that area before it can be
reused for entry. This prevents the \"passing back\" of an access card
from an individual who has gained entry to one who has not. The
anti‑passback feature may also include a delay to prevent the reuse of a
card for a given amount of time.

ANTI‑SURVEILLANCE EQUIPMENT Any device utilized for the purpose of
detecting or preventing the use of surveillance equipment. Examples
include anti‑eavesdrop devices and secure telephone systems.

ANTITERRORISM (AT) Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability
of individuals and property to terrorism. Physical security equipment
and security systems are defensive measures in antiterrorism.

ANTIREFLECTION COATING A thin coating applied to a lens surface to
reduce reflection. This improves the image quality by preventing ghost
images from light reflections inside the lens. The light transmission of
the lens is also improved.

APERTURE An opening that will pass light, electrons, or other forms of
radiation. In an electron gun, the aperture determines the size of, and
has an effect on, the shape of the electron beam. In television optics,
it is the effective diameter of the lens that controls the amount of
light reaching the photoconductive or photoemitting image pickup tube.

APERTURE CORRECTION A correction for the reduction in image detail
because of dimensional scanning‑beam limitations during the horizontal
scan of the picture surface in a CRT.

APERTURE RATIO The ratio of the amounts of light entering a camera when
the aperture opening is smallest and when the opening is largest.

APOCHROMATIC LENS A lens which is corrected for chromatic aberration for
three wavelengths of light.

APPLICATION The specific use or function of a device or system.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE The computer\'s working program usually unique to
one type of application; the main data‑processing programs in the
computer system, e.g., inventory control, payroll, access control, fuel
management, or time attendance, etc.

APPLIED TRIM A separately applied molding used as the finishing face
trim of a frame.

APRON The flat member of a window trim placed against the wall
immediately beneath the window sill.

APPROVED ISOLATOR A device or assembly of devices which isolates or
disconnects an on‑hook station or CTS from all wires which exit the PCZ
and which has been accepted as effective for security purposes by the
Telephone Security Panel.

ARC Sparking that results when undesirable current flows between two
points of differing potential. It may be due to leakage through the
intermediate insulation, or to a leakage path across it due to
contamination.

ARCHITECTURAL HARDWARE See Finish Builders\' Hardware.

ARCHIVAL QUALITY The quality of being able to withstand deterioration
due to age.

ARCHIVAL STORAGE Refers to the storage of information for historical
purposes and later retrieval; long‑term retention; information kept in
an archive or library.

AREA, CLOSED The area inside a building, access to which is restricted
or limited to the proprietor, employees, and authorized visitors only.

AREA, LIMITED

AREA MAT A thin rubber or vinyl mat which is designed for placement
under rugs or similar floor coverings. Pressing (stepping) on the mat
closes normally open built‑in electrical strip switches and initiates an
alarm signal. May also be used for nonsecurity applications such as a
doorbell actuator in a retail establishment. Also called a pressure mat.

AREA, OPEN The area inside a building to which the public has access
during normal business hours or in certain cases at all hours.

AREA PROTECTION The protection of a defined space using sensors designed
for this application. Ultrasonic, infrared, microwave, and photoelectric
sensors are all used for area protection. Also called space protection.

AREA, RESTRICTED An enclosed area or room within a building that is
separated from the remainder by physical barriers (walls, wire fencing,
solid partitions, and locked doors) access to which is restricted to
specific \"cleared\" and authorized individuals. AREA SENSOR A sensor
used for area protection.

AREAWAY An open subsurface space adjacent to a building which is used to
admit light or to provide a means of access to the building.

ARM To place a sensor or system into a state of readiness for alarm
detection.

ARMING STATION Central console or keyswitch from which an alarm system
is placed into the alarm detection mode.

ARMORED FRONT A plate or plates which is secured to the lock front of a
mortised lock by machine screws in order to provide protection against
tampering with the cylinder set screws. Also called armored face plate.

ARRESTOR Nonlinear impedance placed across the conductors of a power
transmission line to suppress high‑amplitude transients, usually used
for lighting protection.

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT Illumination provided by incandescent, gaseous
discharge, or flame sources as distinguished from light from sources
natural to the subject.

ASA American Standards Association; now ANSI.

ASCII See American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

ASCII KEYBOARD Standardized computer interface keyboard that uses the
ASCII communications format and character set.

ASET See Academy of Security Educators and Trainers.

ASIS See American Society for Industrial Security.

ASPECT RATIO In CCTV and film cameras, the aspect ratio refers to the
ratio of width over height of the final image. Standard television
monitors, video cameras, and film cameras have an aspect ratio of 4:3.

ASPHERIC Lens surfaces which are not sections of spheres.

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE A low‑level computer programming language that is
close to actual machine language. Assembly language uses alphanumeric
codes to represent actual machine instructions.

ASSESSMENT

ASSOCIATED CHANGE KEY A change key which is related directly to
particular master key(s) through the use of constant cuts.

ASSOCIATED MASTER KEY A master key which has particular change keys
related directly to its combination through the use of constant cuts.

ASTIGMATISM A lens defect resulting in vertical and horizontal lines
being focused at different distances from the lens.

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials.

ASTRAGAL A member fixed to, or a projection of, an edge of a door or
window to cover the joint between the meeting of stiles; usually fixed
to one of a pair of swinging doors, to provide a seal against the
passage of weather, light, noise or smoke.

(ASTRAGAL STRIP A narrow strip of material applied over the gap between
a pair of doors for protection from unauthorized entry and sound
attenuation. DCID 1/21 Draft May 93)

ASYNCHRONOUS 1. A transmission mode in which each data character, word,
or small block is individually synchronized with start and stop
elements, or bits. The gap between each character, or word, is not
necessarily a fixed length. Asynchronous transmission is also called
start‑stop transmission. Commonly used by input terminals and output
printers. Contrast to synchronous, time based operation. 2.
Communication cycle that does not follow a specific timed sequence, but
rather an irregular pattern.

ASYNCHRONOUS ATTACK Taking advantage of the fact that an operation
occurs without a regular or particular time relationship to any specific
events to violate protection features.

ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE ADAPTER (ACIA) A device used to
interface the parallel data of a computer to a serial synchronous
communications link. An ACIA allows bus‑organized (parallel) components
to communicate with one another over telephone lines or
limited‑conductor (serial) hardwire connections.

ATOMAL Information designated as \"Restricted Data\" or \"Formerly
Restricted Data\", which is provided by the Government of the United
States to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). A term used
exclusively by NATO.

ATTACK The physical method used by burglars in gaining or attempting to
gain illegal entry. The methods have been divided into the following
categories: bodily force, bolt attacks, lock attacks, disassembly, and
inside unlocking.

ATTACK ALARM

ATTACK‑RESISTANT Relative level of protection provided by a system;
usually measured in man‑minutes.

ATTENUATION An amplitude decrease occurring in the course of
transmission. In reference to coaxial cables, attenuation is the power
drop or signal loss in a circuit, expressed in decibels (dB).
Attenuation may be expressed as a ratio of maximum and minimum power.

AUDIBLE ALARM DEVICE 1. A noisemaking device such as a siren, bell, or
horn used as part of a local alarm system to indicate an alarm
condition. 2. A bell, buzzer, horn or other noisemaking device used as a
part of an annunciator to indicate a change in the status or operating
mode of an alarm system.

AUDIO DETECTION

AUDIO FREQUENCY In general, vibrations in the 15 to 20,000 Hz frequency
range are considered to be audible. However, for audio transmission and
signaling purposes, the effective range is approximately 300 Hz to 3000
Hz.

AUDIO LISTEN‑IN A feature of certain alarm monitoring systems that use
sensors with sound‑reproducing capability or microphones. Seismic
geophones or electric fence‑type sensors use specific sound frequencies
to detect an intrusion. The sound information may be transmitted back to
the central monitor point where it is amplified, allowing the operator
to listen‑in to actual audio from the field. This is helpful in
assessing the true nature of an intrusion.

AUDIO MONITOR A monitoring system consisting of microphones, amplifiers,
and playback speakers used to listen‑in to a protected area. See also
Alarm Assessment System.

AUDIT A process of examining computer procedures to determine their
reliability.

AUDIT PROGRAM A computer software package to enable auditor to retrieve,
summarize and analyze large amounts of data in short times.

AUDIT TRAIL A sequential record of system activities that is sufficient
to enable the reconstruction, review, and examination of the sequence of
states and activities surrounding or leading to each event in the path
of a transaction from its inception to output of final results.

AUTHENTICATOR The means used to identify or verify the eligibility of a
station, originator or individual to access a central computer data bank
or specific files within the data base. Also known as password,
lockword, user name or user code.

AUTHORIZATION LEVEL 1. A location or entry point that has a defined
security rating. Only cardholders, keyholders, or individuals having
proper clearance and meeting certain identity criteria may enter such an
area. In access‑control systems, card readers or similar devices only
grant entry and exit privileges to individuals having the proper
authorization level. 2. Defines the degree of security clearance. Also
called Access Level.

AUTHORIZED ACCESS SWITCH A device used to make an alarm system or some
portion or zone of a system inoperative in order to permit authorized
access through a protected port. A shunt is an example of such a device.

AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL Those persons who have a \"must‑know\" for
classified information, have been granted an appropriate security access
approval and have been briefed into the classified program by an
authorized official. Access approvals are granted for various
compartments and levels of information within the classified Security
Control System. An individual is not authorized access to information
which is in a compartment for which the person is not properly
indoctrinated. (A person who is fully cleared and indoctrinated for SCI,
has a valid need to know, and has been granted access to a SCIF. DCID
1/21 Draft May 93)

AUTO‑ALARMING SWITCHER A video switcher that has the ability to
automatically display a camera view for a zone that has initiated an
alarm via the CCTV system. Alarm inputs are located in the field with
the CCTV cameras and share the same system for transmitting both the
alarm data and video data back to the automatic‑alarming switcher.

AUTO‑BALANCE Circuitry in color video systems for detecting errors in
color balance in the white and black areas of the picture. Correction is
accomplished by automatic adjustment of black and white in both the red
and blue signals.

AUTO‑IRIS See Automatic Iris.

AUTO LIGHT RANGE The range of light, e.g., sunlight to moonlight, over
which a TV camera is capable of automatically operating at specified
output.

AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

AUTORESET See Auto‑restore.

AUTO‑RESTORE Automatic resetting of alarm apparatus within a specified
time after receipt of an alarm. Many security monitoring systems log the
original alarm before resetting to record subsequent alarms. Also called
Autoreset.

AUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM SECURITY (ADPSS) All of the
technological safeguards and managerial procedures established and
applied to computer hardware, software, and data in order to ensure the
protection of information, organizational assets and individual privacy.
It includes all hardware/software procedures, and access controls at the
central computer facility; remote computer and terminal facilities,
management constraints, physical structures and devices and the
personnel and communication controls needed to provide an acceptable
level of protection for classified material to be contained in the
computer system.

AUTOMATIC BRIGHTNESS CONTROL In television monitors and display devices,
a circuit that adjusts the screen brightness as a function of ambient
light conditions.

AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING (ADP) Data processing performed largely by
automated means; for example, by a system of electronic or electrical
machines including input, processing and output operations.

AUTOMATIC DIAL ALARM SYSTEM Device connected to the subscriber\'s
telephone line that, when actuated, automatically dials a predetermined
telephone number and transmits a prerecorded message.

AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY CONTROL (AFC) The limitation of an oscillator to a
specified narrow range of frequencies.

AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL (AGC) A circuit in an amplifier that maintains
the output level within a defined range despite wide input fluctuations.

AUTOMATIC IRIS A feature that causes the aperture of a camera lens to
automatically adjust to changing light conditions. Optical adjustment
takes place according to a sampling of video signals from the television
camera denoting light level. Compensation is accomplished using a
mechanical iris or filters. For example, a CCTV camera viewing an
outdoor parking lot has a relatively large aperture opening during times
of low light as opposed to the afternoon of a bright day. The auto‑iris
feature saves operator time and equipment damage due to exposure to
extremely bright light.

AUTOMATIC LEVEL CONTROL (ALC) Control of the illumination falling upon
the surface of an image pickup tube in relation to the brightness of the
scene being viewed.

AUTOMATIC SENSITIVITY CONTROL The self‑acting mechanism which varies
system sensitivity as a function of the specified control parameters.
This may include automatic target control, automatic light control,
etc., or any combination thereof.

AUTOMATIC TARGET CONTROL In a video camera, circuitry that controls the
image pickup‑tube target potential as a function of scene brightness.

AUTOTRANSFORMER A transformer used to step voltage up or down. The
primary and secondary windings share common turns, and it provides no
isolation.

AUXILIARY CODE In access control, a secondary control code capable of
activating keypad functions. It is often used as a temporary code
assignment so that the primary code is never revealed. Also called
Secondary Code.

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT Secondary equipments, in a system, that serve as
redundant or nonessential devices.

AUXILIARY LENS A lens element which is attached to a camera lens to
change its focal length.

AUXILIARY LOCK A lock installed on a door or window to supplement a
previously installed primary lock. Also called a secondary lock. It can
be a mortised, bored, or rim lock.

AUXILIARY SOURCE A power source dedicated to providing emergency power
to a critical load when commercial power is interrupted.

AUXILIARY STORAGE A storage device that supplements the main computer
storage; often of higher capacity, lower speed, and lower cost per unit
of storage. Not integral to the computer but connected to, and
controlled by it, e.g., tapes, disks. Also called backup storage.

AUXILIARY ALARM SYSTEM A local fire alarm system with the capability to
transmit alarm data to a fire station via a municipal box.

AVAILABLE LIGHT The natural or artificial illumination existing in a
scene, with no light added by the photographers.

AWG See American Wire Gauge.

AXIS, OPTICAL The optical centerline. The line formed by the coinciding
principal axes of a series of optical elements comprising an optical
system. It is the line passing through the centers of curvatures of the
optical surfaces.

B

BACK FOCUS The distance from the rear nodal point of a lens to the focal
point.

BACK LIGHT Illumination from behind the subject.

BACK OF BLADE See Bottom of Blade.

BACK PLATE A metal plate on the inside of a door which is used to clamp
a pin or disc tumbler rim lock cylinder to the door by means of
retaining screws. The tail piece of the cylinder extends through a hole
in the back plate.

BACK PORCH 1. In video, those elements of a composite picture signal
lying between the trailing edge of a horizontal sync pulse and the
trailing edge of the corresponding blanking pulse. 2. A data word
element used in some digital communications.

BACKED OFF BLADE See Radiused Blade Bottom.

BACKGROUND That part of the picture which surrounds or is more distant
from the camera than the principal object.

BACKSET, FLUSH BOLT The distance from the vertical centerline of the
lock edge of a door to the centerline of the bolt.

BACKSET, HINGE On a door, the distance from the stop face to the edge of
the hinge cutout. On a frame, the distance from the stop to the edge of
the hinge cutout.

BACKSET, LOCK The horizontal distance from the vertical centerline of
the face plate to the center of the lock cylinder keyway or knob
spindle.

BACKSET, STRIKE The distance from the door stop to the edge of the
strike cutout.

BACKUP BATTERY A battery used as a reserve power source for when the
primary power source fails. See also Uninterruptible Power Source.

BADGE READER A device used to interpret information encoded on or within
a plastic personnel identification badge. Badges may use a magnetic
stripe, magnetic dots, or proximity RF for information storage. Badge
readers are similar to card readers in function and design. See also
Card Reader.

BAFFLE 1. A device, such as plates, partions or walls, used to prevent
penetration of light or sound or to regulate flow of matter. 2. To use
one or more shields, plates or partions at locations within a system to
trap or block unwanted and reflected light rays or sounds.

BALANCED DETECTION The condition in which two detection events must
occur within a preset time interval for an alarm to be initiated.

BALANCED DOOR A door equipped with double pivoted hardware so designed
as to cause a semi‑counter balanced swing action when it is opened.

BALANCED LINE 1. A circuit with two conductors, each of which is equal
to the other in voltage, but opposite in polarity. Necessary where line
noise must be held to a minimum. 2. A line protected by a sensor input
that utilizes a terminating resistance value. If the balance is upset by
a change in the circuit, the sensor input goes into alarm.

BALANCED MAGNETIC SWITCH A type of sensor that generates an alarm
condition when the reed arm of the switch is displaced by an incorrect
change in the magnetic field. The change in magnetic field generated by
the mating sensor piece does not cause an alarm. Therefore, a balanced
magnetic switch provides better protection than a standard magnetic
contact against a possible defeat attempt.

BALANCED PRESSURE SENSOR A buried seismic sensor that is comprised of
two hoses filled with a liquid. Intruder activity creates a pressure in
the hoses that is converted to electrical pulses by diaphragm mounted
pressure transducers. A processor evaluates the electric signals and
initiates an alarm if predetermined signal criteria are met.

BALANCED RESISTIVE BRIDGE NETWORK A circuit used in alarm transmission
systems to provide line supervision. The network sets up maximum and
minimum current limits which, if exceeded, activate an alarm indicating
a line fault.

BALANCED TRANSMISSION LINE A line that has equal conductive properties
through.

BALL END PIN See Bottom Pin.

BALLISTIC RESISTANT Bullet does not penetrate or cause spalling.

BALLISTIC RESISTANT LEVEL I Medium power small arms (MPSA) (Super .38).

BALLISTIC RESISTANT LEVEL II High power small arms (HPSA) (.357 Magnum).

BALLISTIC RESISTANT LEVEL III Super power small arms (SPSA) (.44
Magnum).

BALLISTIC RESISTANT LEVEL IV High power rifle (HPR) (30 rifle).

BALLISTIC RESISTANT LEVEL V Super rifle (7.62 NATO Ball Ammunition).

BANDPASS A given range of frequencies that can be passed through an
electronic device.

BANDWIDTH 1. A value expressing the difference between the upper and
lower limits of allowable carrier signal frequencies. The frequency
range of electrical signals transmitted. 2. The frequency range of data
signals that may be carried by a carrier signal.

BANDWIDTH LIMITED GAIN CONTROL A control for adjusting amplifier gain
while varying the bandwidth. Increasing the gain reduces the bandwidth.

BANK CAMERA A surveillance camera that uses a photomechanical process
for producing an image as opposed to an electronic (television) process.
Bank cameras commonly use 16 mm or 35 mm film and operate either
intermittently and/or upon activation. Bank cameras provide a permanent
photographic image that must be created through a chemical development
process. It is sometimes referred to as a holdup camera, film camera, or
still camera.

BAR LOCK A type of rim lock in which metal bars slide out from a central
point on the door and into receivers on the door frame. Turning a key or
bolt on the center element retracts the bolts enough to let the door
open. A door with a bar lock cannot be pulled out of is frame even if
the hinge pins are removed.

BAR TEST PATTERN Special test pattern for adjusting color TV receivers
or color encoders. The upper portion consists of vertical bars of
saturated colors and white. The lower horizontal bars have black and
white areas and I and Q signals.

BARBED TAPE A type of thin, sharp, metal \"tape\" used on fences and
similar areas, much as barbed wire is used. The tape consists of long
uninterrupted lengths of formed metal. It usually comes in large coils
that are wired into place.

BARBED WIRE Wire, usually of 12 gage to which pointed \"barbs\" have
been added, usually at four inch intervals. Barbed wire is often strung
along the tops of fences and walls as a deterrent.

BARREL DISTORTION A lens defect which causes the image of parallel lines
to bulge outwards from the center. Also known as negative distortion.

BARREL KEY A key with a bit projecting from a round, hollow key shank
which fits on a post in the lock.

BARREL MOUNT A tube in which a lens is mounted. Without a shutter, but
an iris or other type of diaphragm may be included.

BARRICADE BOLT A massive metal bar that engages large strikes on both
sides of a door. Barricade bolts are available with locking devices, and
are completely removed from the door when not in use.

BARRIER An obstacle designed or employed to canalize, direct, restrict,
delay or stop the movement of an intruding force.

BASE LIGHT Uniform, diffuse illumination approaching a shadowless
condition that may be supplemented by other lighting.

BASIC An acronym for Beginner\'s All‑purpose Symbolic Instruction Code,
a computer language utilizing English language words. It is a simple but
functional high level programming language, used in some computer based
monitoring and annunciation systems. A disadvantage of BASIC is its
relatively slow operating speed.

BATTERY An assembly of two or more power cells arranged in series or
parallel to provide a given output voltage and current. Cells are
composed of two different types of electrodes interacting with an
electrolyte within a confined area. The voltage output of the cell is
defined by the electrodes and chemicals that compose the cell. Batteries
are classified as either primary (nonrechargeable) or secondary
(rechargeable).

BATTERY BACKUP A feature in an electriacl device in which a battery is
kept fully charged for use during a primary power failure.

BAUD A unit of signalling speed or modulation rate for data
communications. A baud is equal to one signal element per second. The
symbol for baud is bd.

BAUD RATE A measurement of data communications speed. Baud rate is
usually expressed in bits per second (bps), but only when one signal
element equals one bit. Baud rate equals the number of times per second
the line condition changes. A code element or character occurs in a
given unit time interval. A rate of 1200 Baud means 120 characters (or
bytes) per second are transmitted (8 bits/character plus 1 start and 1
stop bit).

BAYONET MOUNT A lens mount for quickly attaching or removing a lens from
a camera by turning through only part of a revolution.

BCD See Binary Coded Decimal.

BEAD See Glazing Bead.

BEAM A flow of electromagnetic or light radiation in one direction
within a confined path.

BEAM ANGLE In reference to active sensors, beam angle is the amount of
beam divergence from the source, expressed in degrees. Also called Beam
Divergence.

BEAM BREAK A method of sensing an intruder by means of an RF beam, a
laser, or a photoelectric beam barrier. An individual or object passing
between the beam connecting the transmitter and receiver will cause a
momentary decrease in the energy at the receiver. Detection circuitry in
the receiver transforms this momentary power loss into an alarm signal.

BEAM DIVERGENCE The angle between the outer limits of a beam. Also
called Beam Angle.

BEAM SPLITTER A device that separates a light beam into more than a
single beam.

BEEPER A coded RF receiver, carried on the person, which emits a sound
or vibration to notify a specific individual to call a number to receive
a message or provides a message.

BELL SHUTOFF A delay circuit in a local alarm system that turns off a
bell or siren after a specified length of time following an alarm. The
delay circuit only functions after the alarm circuit has been restored.
Also called bell cutoff.

BELL TYPE KEY A key whose cuts are in the form of wavy grooves milled
into the flat sides of the key blade. The grooves usually run the entire
length of the blade.

BELL WIRE Insulated 18 AWG copper wire that is commonly used for low
power (usually 6 to 24 volts) household wiring.

BETWEEN LINES ENTRY Unauthorized use of a terminal after a legitimate
user has been permitted by the system to initiate communications; occurs
through active wiretapping or on the terminal itself when the authorized
user signs on and leaves the terminal unattended for certain periods,
providing the opportunity for unauthorized access to the system.

BEVEL (OF A DOOR) The angle of the lock edge of the door in relation to
its face. The standard bevel is 0.32 cm in 5.1 cm (1/8\" in 2\").

BEVEL (OF A LATCH BOLT) A term used to indicate the direction in which a
latch bolt is inclined: regular bevel for doors opening in, reverse
bevel for doors opening out.

BEVEL (OF A LOCK FRONT) The angle of a lock front when not at a right
angle to the lock case, allowing the front to be applied flush with the
edge of a beveled door.

BHMA Builders\' Hardware Manufacturers Association. Publishes BHMA
standards for building hardware.

BIBLE That portion of the cylinder shell which houses the pin chambers,
especially those of a key knob cylinder or certain rim cylinders.

BICENTRIC PIN TUMBLER CYLINDER A cylinder having two cores and two sets
of pins, each having different combinations. This cylinder requires two
separate keys, used simultaneously, to operate it. The cam or tail piece
is gear operated.

BIDIRECTIONAL BUS A data transmission line or lines capable of two way
communications.

BIDIRECTIONAL CYLINDER A cylinder which may be operated in a clockwise
and counterclockwise direction by a single key.

BILL CLIPS Contact switch devices that are placed in cash drawers of
cashiers or bank tellers to actuate an alarm whenever currency bills are
removed.

BILLET A functional position description used by FEMA as a mechanism to
record must know approval for classified information.

BIMETALLIC TYPE HEAT DETECTOR A detection device that uses a sensing
element comprised of two metal strips having different coefficients of
thermal expansion. The element deflects in opposite directions depending
on the temperature to which it is exposed. Element deflection due to a
sufficient change in temperature results in an alarm.

BINARY A numbering system that uses 2 as a base, as opposed to 10 for
the decimal system. The binary system uses only two symbols, 0 and 1 to
represent any number. Each digit to the left after the initial 1 is
multiplied by the proper power of 2. For example, the binary number 1001
represents a decimal 9. Binary code is the basis of most digital
communications.

BINARY CODE A fundamental communications code based on two opposing
conditions, such as high‑low or on‑off.

BINARY CODED DECIMAL (BCD) A system that designates a 4 bit binary word
for each decimal value of a number. For example, the decimal number 22
would be 0010. Also known as the 8421 code.

BINARY CUT KEY A key whose combination only allows for two possibilities
in each bitting position: cut/no cut.

BINARY TYPE CYLINDER OR LOCK A cylinder or lock whose combination only
allows for two bitting possibilities in each bitting position.

BINOCULAR Having two eyepieces, and therefore permiting the observer to
view with both eyes.

BIOMETRICS A technology that provides methods of positive personnel
identification by measuring unique biological characteristics of an
individual. Techniques include fingerprint reading, voice recognition,
and hand geometry. Other unique identifiers under development are facial
structure, retina, and cardiovascular signatures. Biometric systems are
primarily employed in high security access control applications.

BIPHASE CODE A method of data transmission that has a built in
verification system for checking that proper logic values have been
transmitted for each bit of information. Each bit in the data word
consists of two halves. The value of the first half of the pulse
contains the logic value for that bit. A transition then occurs and the
opposite value is transmitted during the second half of the pulse. Also
called Manchester Coding.

BIPOLAR SENSING CHAMBER A design employed in some ionization smoke
detectors for sensing the presence of smoke using two individual
detection chambers.

BISTATIC MICROWAVE SENSOR A modulated transmitter and a receiver that
are separated by a limited line sight distance. The received signal is
the vector sum of the signal received directly from the transmitter and
those signals reflected from the ground and elevated structures.
Detection of an intruder occurs when the intruder causes a change in the
net vector summation of the received signal, thus resulting in signal
strength variations. Bistatic microwave sensors are used for detection
in long, flat, narrow perimeter zones. Although a bistatic microwave
sensor is essentially a line‑of‑sight device, the detection zone
encompasses a significant volume because of the characteristics of the
microwave beam. The detection zone is widest and highest at mid range.

BIT 1. Abbreviated term for binary digit. In the binary code system, one
bit equals a single binary condition such as 0 or 1. 2. A stud or blade
on a key that operates the bolt or tumblers of a lock.

BIT KEY A key with a bit projecting from a round shank. Similar to the
barrel key but with a solid rather than hollow shank.

BITTING 1. The number(s) which represents the dimensions of the key
cut(s). 2. The actual cut(s) or combination of a key.

BITTING DEPTH The depth of a cut which is made into the blade of a key.

BITTING LIST A listing of all the key combinations used within a system.
The combinations are usually arranged in order of the blind code, direct
code, and/or key symbol.

BITTING POSITION 1. The location of a key cut. 2. See Spacing.

BLACK BOX A generic term that refers to an interface device or
functional piece of equipment designed for a particular application. It
is often a custom device performing a task for which there is no readily
available standard equipment.

BLACK COMPRESSION Reduced gain applied to that part of a television
picture signal that corresponds to a dark area, as compared to the
normal gain applied to that part of a signal that corresponds to a mid
range light value. Also called black saturation.

BLACK LEVEL In video, a measure of picture signal level that corresponds
to a specified maximum limit for black peaks.

BLACK LIGHT Radiant energy lying outside the visible range, in the near
ultra violet region of the spectrum.

BLACK NEGATIVE In video, the polarity of the voltage in a video signal
is such that black is defined as negative.

BLACK PEAK CLIPPING The limiting of a television picture\'s signal
amplitude to a maximum level of black. This is normally set at blanking
level.

BLACKER THAN BLACK The area in a video signal used for synchronization.
See also Blanking Level.

BLACKOUT Total loss of commercial power.

BLADE The portion of a key which may contain the cuts and/or milling.

BLADE TUMBLER See Disc Tumbler.

BLANK 1. See Key Blank. 2. Uncut.

BLANKING In a video camera, the cut off of the beam while retracing the
image pickup tube.

BLANKING LEVEL Level of a composite video picture where separation of
picture and synchronization information occurs. Also called the pedestal
and blacker than black.

BLANKING SIGNAL A signal composed of recurrent pulses, related in time
to the scanning process, and used to effect blanking.

BLEEDING WHITE The flow or bleeding of white into black areas of a video
image.

BLIND CODE A designation, unrelated to the bitting, assigned to a
particular key combination for future reference when additional keys or
cylinders may be needed.

BLIND DOOR A door which has no knobs, hinges, etc. on the exposed side.

BLIND STOP A rectangular molding, locating between the outside trim and
the outside sashes, used in the assembly of a window frame. Serves as a
stop for storm, screen or combination windows and to resist air
infiltration.

BLOCK MASTER KEY The one pin master key for all combinations listed as a
block in the standard progression format.

BLOCKING RING See Cylinder Collar.

BLOCKOUT KEY See Lockout Key.

BLOOMING In video, an out‑of‑focus condition that is caused by
subjecting the camera to a source of extremely bright light.

BLOSSOM A loss of useful picture from a CCTV camera due to the sun or
other bright light source entering the lens directly and overpowering
the camera until either the camera or light source is moved.

BLUE VIDEO VOLTAGE The voltage output of the blue camera tube and/or the
input voltage to the blue gun of a tri‑color picture tube.

BNC CONNECTOR A standard coaxial cable connector with a bayonet style
locking mechanism. It is commonly used to effect CCTV equipment
interconnections.

BOLT 1. The component or part of a combination lock that locks or blocks
another mechanism from operating until it is retracted. 2. That part of
a lock which, when actuated, is projected (or \"thrown\") from the lock
into a retaining member, such as a strike plate, to prevent a door or
window from moving or opening. See also dead bolt, flush bolt, and
latch.

BOLT ATTACK A category of burglary attack in which force, with or
without the aid of tools, is directed against the bolt in an attempt to
disengage it from the strike or to break it.

BONDING A method used; i.e., soldering, welding or clamping various
elements, element shields, or metal housing to produce good electrical
contact between metallic parts to prevent possible interference.

BOLT PROJECTION (BOLT THROW) The distance from the edge of the door, at
the bolt centerline, to the furthest point on the bolt in the projected
position.

BOOT 1. The sequence required for a computer to attain a ready operating
condition from a power down or noninitialized state. 2. In reference to
wire and cable, a protective covering in addition to the regular
jacketing or insulation.

BORED LOCK (OR LATCH) A lock or latch whose parts are intended for
installation in holes bored in a door. See also Key Knob Lock.

BOTTOM OF BLADE The portion of the blade opposite the cut edge of a
single bitted key.

BOTTOM PIN One of the pin tumblers which determine the combination of a
pin tumbler cylinder and are directly contacted by the key. They are
varied in length and usually tapered at one end, enabling them to fit
into the \"V\" cuts made in a key. When the proper key is inserted, the
bottom pins level off at the cylinder core shearline, allowing the core
to turn and actuate the lock.

BOTTOM RAIL The horizontal rail at the bottom of a door or window
connecting the vertical edge members (stiles).

BOUNCE In CCTV systems, a sudden or sporadic change in picture
characteristics caused during the transmission or display.

BOUNCE LIGHT Flash or tungsten light reflected off ceilings or walls to
give the effect of natural or available light.

BOUNDARY OF DETECTION COVERAGE The furthest radial distance in all
directions at which a reference target moving towards the detector will
initiate an alarm condition.

BOW The portion of the key which serves as a grip or handle.

BOW STOP A type of stop located near the key bow.

BOX STRIKE A strike plate that has a metal box or housing to fully
enclose the projected bolt and/or latch.

BPS Abbreviation for bits per second. The symbol for bits per second is
b/s.

BRACE LOCK A lock which incorporates two or more rods or bars running
from the center of a door to a receptacle fastened into or onto the
floor. This is placed on the inside of an inward swinging door.

BRANCH CIRCUIT One division of a load circuit. Its current drain is
limited by a fuse or circuit breaker.

BREACH The successful and repeatable defeat of security controls with or
without an arrest, which, if carried to consummation, could result in a
penetration of the system.

BREAK ALARM An alarm condition caused by the disruption or breaking of
an electrical circuit. The separation of energized window foil is an
example of a break alarm.

BREAKAWAY STRIKE See Electric Strike.

BREEZEWAY In NTSC color, that portion of the back porch between the
trailing edge of the sync pulse and the start of the color burst.

BRIDGING 1. The connection of more than one electrical circuit or
component in parallel as opposed to looping, which is the connection of
two or more devices in series. 2. An unwanted solder bridge or short
between two or more traces on a printed circuit board.

BRIDGING AMPLIFIER A power boosting device that effects an efficient
circuit bridge.

BRIDGING SEQUENTIAL SWITCHER A sequential video switcher with separate
outputs for programmed sequence monitors and extended play monitors.
Bridging switchers allow constant viewing of a scene selected from the
standard camera sequence.

BRIDGING SYSTEM A bridge used to route many telephone lines into a
multiplex terminal.

BRIGHTNESS The attribute of visual perception in accordance with which
an area appears to emit more or less light. (Luminance is the
recommended name for the photometric quantity which has also been called
brightness.)

BRIGHTNESS CONTROL Regulates the picture luminance of television
monitors and video display units.

BRIGHTNESS RANGE The difference between the maximum and minimum
brightness of the field or object from a single point of observation.

BROACH 1. A tool used to cut the keyway into the cylinder plug. 2. To
cut the keyway into a cylinder plug with a broach.

BROAD A type of open, box shaped reflector containing one or more large
incandescent lamps.

BROAD BAND Electronic equipment capable of handling a wide range of
frequencies.

BROWNOUT A commercial line voltage reduction necessitated by inadequate
generator capacity at a particular time. Nominal reductions are 3%, 5%
or 8%.

BROWSING Randomly searching storage to acquire any information
available; testing system deficiencies physically or logically.

BUCK See Rough Buck.

BUCK BOOSTER OR B‑B The name of a standard transformer with low voltage
secondary windings which can be connected in series with the power line
for boosting and bucking supply voltages.

BUFFER 1. A device, component, or circuit that isolates an electrical
circuit from other circuits. 2. Circuitry for temporary storage of data
in transit. Buffers may be inverting or noninverting.

BUG 1. A concealable RF transmitter intended for covert surveillance. 2.
A covert sensor or listening device of any type. 3. A glitch in a
computer program or electrical circuit that affects operation.

BUGGING Surreptitious installation of a device which provides the
capability to monitor system activities and/or steal data using
listening equipment outside the facility.

BUILDERS\' HARDWARE All hardware used in building construction, but
particularly that used on or in connection with doors, windows, cabinets
and other moving members.

BUILDERS\' MASTER KEY See Construction Master Key.

BUILDING MASTER KEY A master key used to operate all locks in a given
building.

BUILDING SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM The system of protective signaling
devices installed at a premise.

BULLET RESISTING Protection against complete penetration, passage of
fragments of projectiles, and spalling (fragmentation) of the protective
material.

BULLSEYE A type of condensing lens, generally double‑convex or
plano‑convex, used in spotlights and microscope illuminators.

BUMPING A method of opening a pin tumbler lock by means of vibration
produced by a wooden or rubber mallet.

BURGLAR The legal term for one who enters a building without permission,
with the intent to commit a crime. The exact elements of the crime of
burglary differ from state to state.

BURGLAR ALARM PAD A sensor that consists of a support with a matrix of
fine wire or foil. This pad is used to protect an opening or access
point. A break in the wire or foil by an intruder initiates an alarm.
Also called a grid sensor.

BURGLAR ALARM SYSTEM See Intrusion Alarm System.

BURGLAR RESISTANT GLAZING Any glazing which is more difficult to break
through than the common window or plate glass, designed to resist
burglary attacks of the hit‑and‑run type.

BURGLAR RESISTANT SPINDLE A tapered, shouldered or other specifically
designed and treated spindle intended to resist punching, pulling and
drilling.

BURGLARY The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a
theft. (Official FBI definition)

BURIED LINE INTRUSION DETECTOR A buried seismic type sensor comprising a
coaxial cable with piezoelectric ceramic disks located between the
center conductor and the shield at equal intervals. Pressure from
seismic motion on the piezoelectric disks causes them to generate a
signal voltage.

BURN‑IN 1. An image that has become permanently frozen on the photo
sensitive region of a television camera tube. This condition is caused
by exposing the sensitive tube to an extremely bright scene for an
extended period of time. The level of light intensity that can cause
burn‑in is relative to the sensitivity of the image pickup tube. 2. An
equipment test under various environmental and/or load conditions to
determine reliability.

BURNING BAR A highly sophisticated thermal burning lance with the
cutting tip reaching temperatures in the area of 7500.

BUS 1. A common return path for electrical circuits. A wire or cable
used to interconnect components in a system for the shared transmission
of electrical data or power. 2. A collection of wires used for parallel
data communication.

BUSBAR A heavy rigid conductor used for high power feeders.

BUTT HINGE A type of hinge which has matching rectangular leaves and
multiple bearing contacts, and is designed to be mounted in mortise in
the door edge and in the frame.

BUTTON, HOLDUP Pushbutton switch for activating a holdup alarm.

BUTTRESS LOCK A lock which secures a door by wedging a bar between the
door and the floor. Some incorporate a movable steel rod which fit into
metal receiving slots on the door and in the floor. Also called police
bolt/ brace.

BYPASS The removal of a circuit or sensor from a system by operating a
shunting switch or keyswitch.

BYPASS KEY The key which operates a key override cylinder.

BYTE A binary element consisting of bits and usually operated upon as a
unit. Normally represents a character (letter, number, special sign or
symbol).

**C**

CABINET JAMB A door frame in three or more pieces, usually shipped
knocked down for field assembly over a rough buck.

CABINET‑FOR‑SAFE A wooden enclosure having closely spaced electrical
grids on all inner surfaces and contacts on the doors. It surrounds a
safe and initiates an alarm signal if an attempt is made to open or
penetrate the cabinet. Also called a safe cabinet.

CABLE FAULT LOCATOR A portable device that finds buried or concealed
cable electrical faults by one of several methods. Types of fault
locators include tone, pulse, a high voltage surge generator with signal
analyzer, or a capacitance meter.

CADMIUM SULFIDE CELL A photoconductive photocell. It requires a battery
for operation. Light striking the cadmium sulfide causes the electrical
resistance to decrease.

CALL DETAIL RECORDING (CDR) A record maintained by the CTS, or by
auxiliary equipment, of specified types of calls. Typically, a CDR
system will record the CTS station identity, date, time of day, duration
of call, called party number, and trunk group rate. Also referred to as
SMDR Station Message Detail Recording.

CAM The part of a lock or cylinder that rotates to actuate the bolt or
latch as the key is turned. The cam may also act as the bolt.

CAM, LAZY A cam which moves less than the rotation of the cylinder core.

camera A device that produces an instantaneous or recorded image. See
also Television Camera and Film Camera.

camera angle (slang) The position of the camera with respect to the
subject.

camera chain A fully outfitted video camera. It includes the camera and
all interconnections and support apparatus.

camera dome A spherical high impact plastic dome that covers a camera
for purposes of concealment or protection from the environment. Domes
are available in transparent or tinted optically clear plastic.

camera format The diameter of a video camera image pickup tube. The two
sizes used in CCTV cameras are 2/3 inch and 1.0 inch. Tubes with a 1.0
inch format permit larger field of view than smaller format imaging
devices. Also, larger diameter tubes generally produce greater picture
resolution.

camera housing An enclosure with a viewing window that is used to
protect film or video cameras from the environment or vandalism. Some
models feature a built in temperature control apparatus; other models
are pressurized.

camera tube See Television Camera Tube.

cam lock A complete locking assembly in the form of a cylinder whose cam
is the actual locking bolt.

cam switch A type of switch that closes certain electrical contacts or
combinations of contacts at various positions of the cam or cams.
Available in key activated and manual configuration.

canada balsam An adhesive formerly used to cement optic elements.
Sometimes used as a generic name for the newer synthetic optical
adhesives.

cancel call A manual abort mode on some dialers that allows a manual
override of a call initiation caused by an alarm input.

candela The unit of luminous intensity. The luminous intensity of
1/600,000 of a square meter of a blackbody at 2045K.

candlepower The luminous intensity of a source expressed in candelas.

cane bolt A heavy cane shaped bolt with the top bent at right angles;
used on the bottom of doors.

cap **1**. A spring cover for a single pin chamber. **2**. A part which
may serve as a plug retainer and/or holder for the tail piece. **3**. To
install a cap.

capacitance The property of two or more objects which enables them to
store electrical energy in an electric field between them. The basic
measurement unit is the farad. Capacitance varies inversely with the
distance between the objects, hence the change of capacitance with
relative motion is greater the nearer one object is to the other.

capacitance alarm system An alarm system in which a protected object is
electrically connected as a capacitance sensor. The approach of an
intruder causes sufficient change in capacitance to upset the balance of
the system and initiate an alarm signal. Also called a proximity alarm
system.

capacitance detector See Capacitance Sensor.

capacitance proximity sensor A device that generates an electromagnetic
field around an object or wire so anyone approaching disturbs the field,
setting off an alarm. The system works something like a \"rabbit ears\"
TV antenna where anyone coming near disturbs the picture. It is also
called an electronic fence.

capacitance sensor A protective device that detects a change in
electrical capacitance of a metal or metalized object relative to
ground. The object being protected assumes the characteristics of an
antenna. Touching the protected object disturbs a balanced electrostatic
field and an alarm condition results.

capacitively coded card An access control card that has a thin substrate
material coated with a substance capable of accepting an electrical
charge. Several capacitance sectors are arranged in a pattern between
two plastic layers. The reader interprets the capacitance pattern as a
code.

capacitor Two plates or conductors separated by a dielectric material.
Applying a voltage across the plates causes current to flow and stores a
charge. It resists voltage change.

capping block A holding fixture for certain interchangeable cores which
aids in the installation of the caps.

capture To defeat a sensor by introducing an effective bypass. An
example would be introducing an infrared transmitter other than the
transmitter installed in the system to circumvent the original
protection zone.

CARBON ZINC BATTERY A traditional battery type for general purpose
applications. A carbon zinc battery is comprised of ammonium chloride
and manganese dioxide, a carbon collector, zinc chloride, and water
enclosed in a zinc case.

CARD ACCESS The aspect of access control that relates to entry/exit
systems that use entry control cards.

CARD CAGE 1. An enclosure with restraining brackets mounted inside to
hold the printed circuit boards that compose a computer\'s central
processing unit. 2. Any enclosure having the purpose of holding printed
circuit board assemblies.

CARD ENCODER A device that places a unique access code on, or within, an
access control card. This may be accomplished by punching a pattern of
holes for an optical reader, or by magnetically encoding cards employing
either a magnetic strip or the Wiegand system.

CARD IDENTIFICATION CODE A numeric or alphanumeric sequence printed on
an access control card. The code is used for record keeping and card
control. Also called system code.

CARD KEY A plastic card that contains encoded information to open a
locked door. The card reading device may be an integral part of the
lock, or it can be located in the locks\'s immediate vicinity. The card
key is commonly called an access card.

CARD KEY ACCESS A type of access control system which uses a card with a
magnetized, coded area. To open a door, the card is inserted into a slot
and the magnetized area is read. If the code on the card is acceptable,
the door will open.

CARD MASTERING The coding of access control cards for the ability to
universally access specified groups of locks. Also called master coding.

CARD READER A device that reads the information on an access control
card. Card readers fall into one of two categories: intelligent and
on‑line readers. The intelligent card reader compares the data on the
card with preprogrammed parameters. Entry or exit is granted or denied
by the card reader itself at the reader location. On‑line readers must
communicate with a central processor that makes the entry/exit decision.
Intelligent readers are also called stand‑alone or off‑line readers.
Card readers may obtain data from access cards by reading punched holes,
magnetic spots, stripes or wires, or any of several other methods that
use punched, embossed, or embedded information.

CARRIER 1. In a modem, a continuous frequency capable of being modulated
with a second (information carrying) signal. 2. A circuit card cage or
shelf which is set up as an apparatus mounting for the CTS circuit
cards. The carrier is provided with edge connectors to receive the
circuit cards and is equipped with all wiring and hardware required for
housing and interconnecting the system circuit packs.

CARRIER CURRENT A method of alarm signal transmission using high
frequency alternating current on a standard voice grade telephone line.
See also Carrier Signal.

CARRIER CURRENT TRANSMITTER A device which transmits alarm signals from
a sensor to a control unit via the standard ac power lines.

CARRIER SIGNAL A basic signal frequency that may be modulated to carry
data, such as an alarm signal. The signal may be amplitude, frequency,
or phase modulated.

CARVE‑OUT A classified contract issued in connection with an approved
Special Access Program in which the Defense Investigative Service has
been relieved of inspection responsibility in whole or in part under the
Defense Industrial Security Program.

CASE The housing in which a lock mechanism is mounted and enclosed.

CASEMENT HINGE A hinge for swinging a casement window.

CASEMENT WINDOW A type of window which is hinged on the vertical edge.

CASING Molding of various widths and thicknesses used to trim door and
window openings at the jambs.

CAT Credit Authorization Terminal; an EFT element usually located in
retail outlets, it allows shoppers to get check cashing approval
electronically.

CATADIOPTRIC LENS A lens containing image forming reflective elements
and usually refractive elements as well. Sometimes called a mirror lens.

CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) A tube designed for visual display. An electron
beam is focused on a phosphor coated surface and is varied in intensity
and position at a rapid rate to produce an image. These crt displays are
integral to many security monitoring systems. They are used to display
operating instructions, alarm information, live video surveillance, and
graphic maps.

CATV Abbreviation for Cable Television. The term originally derived from
Community Antenna Television, but now has broadened in meaning to
include all aspects of television transmitted over coaxial cable
systems.

CATV SECURITY SYSTEM A central station alarm system using existing CATV
coaxial links to subscribers as the alarm signal transmission media. The
alarm signal receiver is located at the head end of the CATV system.

CAD See Charge Coupled Device.

CCIR Abbreviation for International Radio Consultative Committee.

CDR See Call Detail Reporting

CCTV See Closed Circuit Television.

CELL See Pin Chamber.

CELSIUS (SYMBOL C) A temperature scale used in scientific work and most
of Europe. One degree Celsius equals one degree Kelvin (K). 0 degrees C
is the freezing point and 100 degrees C is approximately the boiling
point of water. To convert temperature from the Fahrenheit scale to the
Celsius scale, subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9.

CENTER RAIL The horizontal rail in a door, usually located at lock
height to separate the upper and lower panels of a recessed panel type
door.

CENTER HUNG DOOR A door hung on center pivots.

CENTRAL COMPUTER ROOM The location in a single, controlled area of one
or more computers and their associated peripheral and storage units,
central processing unit and communications equipment and other related
supporting resources essential to the operation of the system.
Synonymous with central computer complex, computer equipment room or
central computer facility.

CENTRAL KEY SYSTEM See Maison Key System.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) The main component printed‑circuit board
or boards that contains the computer processing logic. This is where the
execution of stored programs is accomplished.

CENTRAL STATION ELECTRICAL PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (CSEPA) A national
organization formed by central station owners and equipment suppliers to
promote industry standards and commerce.

CENTRAL STATION 1. An organization or business established for the
purpose of monitoring subscribers\' alarm systems from a centralized
monitoring location. Communication with subscriber alarm systems is
generally by telephone line, but may be by wireless or direct wire. The
central station notifies police or fire services immediately upon
receipt of alarm. All alarm events are recorded and investigated.
Central stations may utilize WATS lines to extend services on a regional
or national basis. 2. The control point of a monitoring system is
supervised by security personnel.

CENTRAL STATION ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system that uses a central
station. This differs from a proprietary alarm system where the alarm
monitoring is conducted on site by a private guard force.

CERTIFIED PROTECTION PROFESSIONAL (CPP) A program established by the
American Society for Industrial Security for recognition of individuals
who meet the criteria for protection professionals that is established
by the Society.

CFR Code of Federal Regulations.

CHAIN BOLT A vertical spring loaded bolt mounted at the top of a door.
It is manually actuated by a chain.

CHAIN DOOR INTERVIEWER An auxiliary locking device which allows a door
to be opened slightly, but restrains it from being fully opened. It
consists of a chain with one end attached to the door jamb, and the
other attached to a keyed metal piece which slides in a slotted metal
plate attached to the door. Some chain door interviewers incorporate a
keyed lock operated from the inside.

CHAIN KEY SYSTEM See Selective Key System.

CHAIN LOCK A type of rim lock in which one end of a short chain is
mounted on a door frame and the other, which has a small knob, attaches
to a plate with a horizontal slot, which is mounted on the door. The
knob slides into and along the slot, permitting the door to be opened a
few inches. Some models can be opened with a key from the outside,
others must be opened from within.

CHALNICON Trade name for a TV image pickup tube of the direct readout
type designed for low light applications. The photoconductive target is
a hetero junction structure characterized by high sensitivity, non
blooming of high brightness details, relative freedom from burn in, and
good resolution.

CHAMBER Any cavity in a cylinder plug and/or shell which houses the
tumbler(s).

CHANGE KEY 1. A key that will operate only one lock or a group of keyed
alike locks, as distinguished from a master key. 2. A tool used in
resetting the combination on key change tumblers or a combination lock.
See also keyed alike cylinders and master key system.

CHANGE KEY CONSTANT See Constant Cut.

CHANGE KEY SECTION See Single Key Section.

CHANGEABLE BIT KEY A key which can be recombinated by exchanging and/or
rearranging portions of its bit or blade.

CHANGES The number of possible key changes or combination changes to a
lock cylinder.

CHARACTER Any one of a set of symbols used in computer languages. The
set encompasses numbers, letters, and scientific symbol notation.

CHARACTER GENERATOR 1. An integrated circuit or device that produces
alphanumeric characters. 2. In reference to video, a device or circuit
that produces graphic characters for insertion in a video picture. It is
used to identify specific scenes for timing or logging purposes.

CHARGE‑COUPLED DEVICE (CCD) A semiconductor storage device that is used
as a digital shift register. It is often used as a sensor in imaging
devices.

CHECK BIT A special bit that verifies the accuracy of all bits in a
given word. An error in the word results in an indication from the check
bit. See also parity bit.

CHECKRAILS The meeting rails of double hung windows. They are usually
beveled, and thick enough to fill the space between the top and bottom
sash due to the parting stop in the window frame.

CHIP A microminiature circuit produced on a tiny wafer of silicon or
similar conductive material. A complete microprocessor can be placed on
a single chip with a surface area that is 0.06‑0.19 square inch. The
tiny circuit is usually mounted in a holder having a series of
electrical connection leads called a dual‑in‑line (DIP) package.

CHROMA The hue and saturation that characterizes a color video image.

CHROMA CONTROL A control on a color television receiver that regulates
the saturation (vividness) of colors in a color picture.

CHROMA DETECTOR Detects the absence of chrominance information in a
color encoder input. The chroma detector automatically deletes the color
burst from the color encoder output when the absence of chrominance is
detected.

CHROMATIC ABERRATION An optical defect of a lens which causes different
colors or wave lengths of light to be focused at different distances
from the lens. It is seen as color fringes or halos along edges and
around every point in the image.

CHROMATICITY The color quality of light which is defined by the
wavelength (hue) and saturation. Chromaticity defines all the qualities
of color except its brightness.

CHROMINANCE SIGNAL That portion of the NTSC color television signal
which contains the color information.

CIRCLE OF CONFUSION The image of a point source, formed by light passing
through a lens, on a plane behind the lens. The size of the circle of
confusion will be a minimum at the focal plane, and will increase with
distance from the focal plane in either direction. For a diffraction
limited (effectively perfect) lens, the acceptable circle of confusion
could be taken as the size of the airy disc. The term, circle of least
confusion, is used to describe the best focus of an astigmatic lens.

CIRCUIT A complete path in which electrons can flow from the negative
terminal of a voltage source through components and conductors to the
positive terminal of the same source.

CIRCUIT BREAKER A device, usually electromechanical, which detects
excessive power demands in a circuit and self interrupts when they
occur.

CIRCUIT CARD A fiberboard or epoxy‑glass board with electrical traces on
one or both sides that are produced by etching unwanted portions of a
metal laminate. Electrical components are soldered to the card at
various trace locations to form a complete circuit. Although the term,
circuit card, generally applies to a printed circuit board complete with
components, a circuit card is also often referred to as a printed
circuit board.

CIRCUMVENTION The defeat of an alarm system by the avoidance of its
detection devices, such as by jumping over a pressure sensitive mat, by
entering through a hole cut in an unprotected wall rather than through a
protected door, or by keeping outside the range of an ultrasonic motion
detector. Circumvention contrasts with spoofing.

CITY BOX A municipal fire alarm junction box. Also called a master box.

CK 1. Change key. 2. Control key.

CLAMPING The setting of a given picture level before a line is scanned
on a video screen.

CLASS A ALARM SYSTEM 1. A specification that requires alarm operation
even in the event of a single break or ground fault in the signal line.
2. A UL classification which sets standards for installation of alarm
equipment and response time. See UL 611.

CLASS A CIRCUIT A type of four wire alarm circuit used to detect an
alarm or line fault. No terminating resistance is used. The circuit
allows reporting of an alarm condition even when a trouble condition has
occurred. Two conductors run from the alarm panel to the sensor, and two
return. A single break does not prevent the reception of an alarm
signal, but does initiate a trouble condition.

CLASS A ELECTRONIC LINE SUPERVISION A system that transmits over wire a
pseudo‑random generated tone or tones or digital type modulation. This
system exceeds the previous \"High Line Security\" system requirement.

CLASS B ALARM SYSTEM A fire protection specification that requires the
detection of an alarm, a single break, or a ground fault in a signal
line. A break or ground fault causes further alarms to go undetected.

CLASS B CIRCUIT There are two types of Class B circuits: four wire and
two wire. In a four wire system, two conductors travel from an alarm
panel, connect with the alarm sensor(s), and return to the alarm panel.
One broken conductor prevents the reception of an alarm signal from any
point beyond the break. A trouble condition is also initiated. In a
two‑wire system, only one conductor travels from the panel to the sensor
and back again. A single break prevents all alarm transmission and
initiates a trouble condition at the control panel.

CLASS B ELECTRONIC LINE SUPERVISION A system that transmits over wire a
digital or tone type modulation. This system is equivalent to the
previous \"High Line Security\" system requirement.

CLASS C ELECTRONIC LINE SUPERVISION A system, AC or DC, that is wire
transmitted. This system is equivalent to the previous \"Standard Line
Security\" system requirements.

CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY This refers to the authority that is vested in
an official of the US Government to make an initial determination that
information requires protection against unauthorized disclosure in the
interest of national security. Original classification actions may only
be accomplished by an Original Classification Authority formally
designated in accordance with the provisions of Executive Order 12356.

CLASSIFICATION GUIDE This is a document issued by an authorized original
classifier that prescribes the level of classification and appropriate
declassification instructions for specified information to be classified
on a derivative basis. Classification guides are provided to contractors
by the DD Form 254, \"Department of Defense Contract Security
Classification Specifications.\"

CLASSIFIED CONTRACT A classified contract is any contract that requires
or will require access to classified information by the contractor or
his or her employees in the performance of the contract. A contract may
be a classified contract even though the contract document is not
classified.

CLASSIFIED INFORMATION This is information or material that is (1) owned
by, produced by or for, or under the control of the U.S. Government; (2)
determined under E.O. 12356 or prior orders to require protection
against unauthorized disclosure; and (3) so designated.

CLASSIFIER A classifier is an individual who makes a classification
determination and applies a security classification to information or
material. A classifier may be a classification authority or may
derivatively assign a security classification based on a properly
classified source or a classification guide.

CLEVIS A metal link used to attach a chain to a padlock.

CLICK STOP A detente position on an aperture, shutter speed, film speed
or other control, which provides a positive and repeatable setting by
the use of a spring mechanism which locks the control ratio one of a
series of notches.

CLIPPING The shearing off of the peaks of a signal. For a picture
signal, this may affect either the positive (white) or negative (black)
peaks. For a composite video signal, the sync signal may be affected.

CLOCK The pulse producing circuitry in an electrical or computer system
that provides a standard output of time measurement for the purpose of
synchronizing events and operations.

CLOCK RATE The time intervals that a clock provides to a circuit.

CLOSED‑CIRCUIT ALARM An alarm that is initiated by causing a short in an
electrical circuit. Also called a cross alarm.

CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) A television system used for
proprietary purposes and not for public or general broadcast.

CLOSED‑CIRCUIT SYSTEM A sensor circuit that consists of all normally
closed sensors in series for a protection area. A break in the circuit,
or activation of one or more of the sensors, causes a change in the
constant current and an alarm is initiated for that protection area.

CLOSED LOOP An alarm circuit that uses normally closed relay outputs on
protection devices.

CLOSED STORAGE The storage of classified material in properly secured
GSA approved security containers within an accredited classified
facility when such facility is not occupied by authorized personnel.

CLUTCH That part of the profile cylinder which transfers rotational
motion from the inside or outside element to a common cam or actuator.

CLUTCH HEAD SCREW A mounting screw that discourages unauthorized removal
through a nonstandard head design. A special tool is required for
removal.

CMK Construction Master Key.

CMK\'d Construction Master Keyed.

C MOUNT A standard threaded lens mount for TV and 16 mm motion picture
camera lenses, having 32 threads per inch, a nominal thread diameter of
1.000 inch and a shoulder‑to‑films distance of 0.690 + 0.001 inch.
(American National Standards Institute)

CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductors. These are solid state
switching devices used in alarm products and computerized alarm systems.
The primary advantage of CMOS circuitry is a relatively low power
consumption; a disadvantage is susceptibility to transients.

COATED LENS See Antireflection Coating.

COAXIAL CABLE An electrically conductive cable designed to carry one or
more signals with small power loss and limited interference. Coaxial
cable can transmit a wide range of frequencies (0‑5 MHz) and is used
extensively in video and CCTV installations. The cable consists of a
central metal core wire, usually copper, surrounded by an insulating
material called a dielectric. An additional conductive layer, consisting
of a braided copper wire or aluminum wrapping, serves as a shielding. A
drain wire which provides electrical continuity along the foil shield
may also be present. The outer covering is PVC, rubber, or a similar
material to protect the conductors from the environment. It is often
referred to as coax.

CODE KEY A key cut to a specific code rather than duplicated from a
pattern key. It may or may not conform to the lock manufacturer\'s
specifications.

CODE LIST 1. See Bitting List. 2. See Progression List.

CODE MACHINE See Key Coding Machine.

CODE NUMBER 1. See Blind Code. 2. See Direct Code.

CODE ORIGINAL KEY A code key which conforms to the lock manufacturer\'s
specifications.

CODE SCRAMBLING CIRCUIT A electronic feature of some access control
systems that enables all personalized codes to be randomly reassigned
upon command.

CODE WHEEL A small round component that actuates a relay which produces
a coded signal on a McCulloh circuit transmitter. The code is placed on
the code wheel by removing actuator teeth on the wheel.

CODED ALARM SYSTEM A system in which each protection zone or sensor is
uniquely identifiable, even when alarm signals share a common signal
line. Pulses or frequency variations are used to differentiate between
zones or protection devices.

CODED CABLE A multiconductor cable in which the insulation on each
conductor is distinguishable from all others by color or design. This
assists in identification of the point of origin or final destination of
a wire.

CODED TRANSMITTER A device for transmitting a coded signal when manually
or automatically operated by an actuator. The actuator may be housed
with the transmitter or a number of actuators may operate a common
transmitter.

CODING SIREN A siren which has an auxiliary mechanism to interrupt the
flow of air through its principal mechanism, enabling it to produce a
controllable series of sharp blasts.

CODEWORD A word assigned a classified meaning by appropriate authority
to ensure proper security concerning intentions, and to safeguard
information pertaining to actual operations classified as CONFIDENTIAL
or higher.

COGNIZANT SECURITY OFFICE 1. The term used to refer to the Security
Officer (ASO) who has complete security jurisdiction over the security
and control of all classified information. The ASO provides classified
information security policy guidance and supervision of the security
control of classified information. 2. The term used to refer to the
cognizant Government Assistant Security Officer (GASO), who has limited
security jurisdiction within his Government agency and his agency\'s
classified contractors.

COGWHEEL Horizontal displacement of alternate scan lines of the order of
1 microsecond. Results in a gear tooth like appearance of vertical and
diagonal lines within a given scene.

COINCIDENCE Agreement as to position. In a coincidence rangefinder, the
two images of a distant object are in \"coincidence\" when they are in
exact alignment.

COLD WATER GROUND Electrical grounding method that uses a connection to
cold water pipes. Cold water pipes in a given residence or building
often run long distances underground, thereby offering an effective
electrical ground.

COLD WEATHER PACK A heating unit that keeps card readers or similar
electronic devices within proper operating temperatures in a cold
environment.

COLLIMATE To produce parallel rays of light by means of a lens or a
concave mirror.

COLLIMATOR A device to produce parallel rays of light by means of a lens
or a concave mirror.

COLOR The visual sensation produced by light of different wavelengths.
Light with a wavelength of 450 nanometers appears blue, of 510
nanometers green, of 575 nanometers yellow, and of 630 nanometers red.

COLOR BURST In NTSC color, normally refers to a burst of approximately
9Hz of 3.58 MHz subcarrier on the back porch of the composite video
signal. This serves as a color synchronizing signal to establish a
frequency and phase reference for the chrominance signal.

COLOR CONTAMINATION An error of color rendition due to incomplete
separation of paths carrying different color components of the picture.

COLOR CORRECTION A lens design feature which enables the lens to bring
different wavelengths of light to focus at the same point.

COLOR DILUTION A change of color characteristics due to the addition of
white light in a video picture image.

COLOR EDGING Extraneous colors appearing at the edges of colored
objects, and differing from the true colors in the object.

COLOR ENCODER In video, a device that produces an NTSC color signal from
the additive primary (red, green, and blue) inputs.

COLOR FRINGING Spurious colors introduced into the picture by the change
in position of the televised object from field to field.

COLORIMETER An instrument used to measure the color of a sample.

COLOR PURITY The degree to which a color is free of white or any other
color. In reference to the operation of a tri‑color picture tube it
refers to the production of pure red, green or blue illumination of the
phosphor dot face plate.

COLOR SATURATION The degree to which a color is free of white light.

COLOR STRIPE FILTER A unique filter arrangement of two dichroic filter
stripes having suitable color transmission characteristics, alternated
with clear transmission areas, used to automatically encode the colors
of a televised scene into a single video signal.

COLOR SUBCARRIER In NTSC color, the 3.579545 MHz carrier whose
modulation sidebands are added to the monochrome signal to convey color
information.

COLOR TEMPERATURE The color temperature of a light source is the
temperature, in degrees Kelvin, to which a blackbody radiator must be
heated in order to produce light of the same color as that from the
light source.

COLOR TRANSMISSION The transmission of a signal which represents both
the brightness values and the color values in a picture.

COLUMN MASTER KEY See Vertical Group Master Key.

COMA A defect in a cathode ray tube that makes the normally circular
electron beam appear comet shaped at the edges of the tube screen.

COMBINATE To set a combination in a lock, cylinder, or key.

COMBINATION The group of numbers which represent the bitting of a key
and/or the tumblers of a lock or cylinder.

COMBINATION CHANGE KEY A key used in resetting a key change combination.

COMBINATION DOORS OR WINDOWS Storm doors or windows permanently
installed over the primary doors or windows. They provide insulation and
summer ventilation and often have self‑storing or removable glass and
screen insert.

COMBINATION LOCK A keyless lock which requires manipulation of certain
features of the lock in a certain set sequence in order to open it.

COMBINATION SMOKE DETECTOR A smoke detector that comprises both
ionization and photoelectric sensing elements. Combination smoke alarms
are available in two configurations. The first configuration alarms if
either one of the detection elements, ionization or photoelectric, is
activated; the second configuration alarms only when both detection
elements are activated. These are sometimes referred to as OR or AND
detectors, respectively.

COMBINATION WAFER A type of disc tumbler used in certain binary type
disc tumbler key‑in‑knob locks. Its presence requires that a cut be made
in that position of the operating key(s).

COMBINED ALARMS The circuitry or software in an alarm system that causes
an alarm only upon combinations of alarm signals from specific sensors.
For example, a high security perimeter having several detectors within
an area may base priority of alarm on how many levels are penetrated.

COMBINE SENSOR ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which requires the
simultaneous activation of two or more sensors to initiate an alarm
signal.

COMBUSTION DETECTOR A category of detectors that sense smoke. Combustion
detectors include ionization and photoelectric type smoke detectors. See
also ionization smoke sensor, photoelectric spot smoke detector, and
photoelectric beam smoke detector. Also called a products of combustion
detector.

COMET TAILING A condition appearing on a video display screen that is
caused by near burn combined with image movement.

COMMON ENTRY DOOR (OF MULTIPLE DWELLING) Any door in a multiple dwelling
which provides access between the semi‑public, interior areas of the
building and the outdoors areas surrounding the building.

COMMON KEYED See Maison Key System.

COMMON MODE NOISE Noise which appears between both sides of a power line
and ground.

COMMON MODE VOLTAGE One common to both signal input terminals of a
circuit. An undesired common mode voltage is usually developed between
the zero signal reference ground and some other ground point.

COMMUNICATING FRAME A double rabbeted frame with both rabbets prepared
for single swing doors that open in opposite directions. Doors may be of
the same or opposite hand.

COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY The protective measures taken to deny
unauthorized persons information derived from telecommunications of the
US Government related to national security and to ensure the
authenticity of such communications.

COMMUNICATOR See Digital Communicator.

COMPACT SEQUENCE A method of data transmission that reduces the number
of data bits required to transmit sequences of multiple digit numbers.
The technique involves adding new digits to the front of a number
sequence as it is received, while dropping other previously received
digits in the order of their reception. This method has applications in
time division multiplexing.

COMPARTMENTATION Formal systems of restricted access to classified
information to protect against compromise and contamination. It is
achieved by establishing physical, administrative and operational
barriers in the classified program so individuals have access only to
information, contact with personnel, or activities necessary to perform
assigned tasks.

COMPATIBILITY In video, the ability to produce a full contrast range on
a monochrome receiver from a color signal.

COMPENSATE DRIVERS 1. To select longer or shorter top pins, depending on
the length of the rest of the pin stack, in order to achieve a uniform
pin stack height. 2. See Graduate drivers #1.

COMPLEMENTARY COLOR In television applications, additive color, any
color which is produced by an equal mixture of two primary colors and,
when mixed in equal proportions with the third primary, produces white
light.

COMPLEMENTARY KEYWAY Usually a disc tumbler keyway used in master
keying. It accepts keys of different sections whose blades contact
different bearing surfaces of the tumblers.

COMPOSITE DOOR A door constructed of solid core material with facing and
edges of different materials.

COMPOSITE KEYWAY A keyway which has been enlarged to accept more than
one key section, often key sections of more than one manufacturer.

COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL The combined signals in a television
transmission, including the picture signal, vertical and horizontal
blanking, and synchronizing signals.

COMPRESSION The reduction in gain at one level or a picture signal with
respect to the gain at another level of the same signal.

COMPROMISE The loss of control of classified information, caused by an
unauthorized person obtaining knowledge of the program.

COMPROMISING EMANATIONS Unintentional data related or intelligence
bearing signals which, if intercepted and analyzed, disclose classified
information being transmitted, received, handled, or otherwise processed
by any information processing equipment.

CONVERGENT LENS See Converging Lens.

CONCAVE LENS A divergent lens, thicker at its edge than at its center.

CONCEALED SHELL CYLINDER A specially constructed, usually mortise,
cylinder. Only the plug face is visible when the lock trim is in place.

CONCERTINA A configuration of barbed wire or tape. Specifically it is a
coil of barbed wire or tape that has been crimped or welded at certain
spots on the coil diameter to form diamond shaped patterns of wire. It
is designed for ground emplacement.

CONDENSER A lens, usually of two f‑number, used in an enlarger or a
projector to collect the light rays from the source and direct them
through the negative or the slide and into the objective lens.

CONDENSER MICROPHONE A microphone in which a sound activated diaphragm
is one side of a single capacitor. Condenser microphones are quite
sensitive, but have a very low level output.

CONDUCTANCE The ability of a circuit or electrical conductor to pass
current. It is the reciprocal of resistance.

CONDUCTOR A material so constructed that it will serve as a carrier of
electric current. Wire or combination of wires not insulated from one
another are conductors.

CONDUIT Solid or flexible tubing used for protecting insulated
electrical wires and alarm data lines. Most conduit is aluminum but
plastic, PVC, or other materials are often used in a moist environment.

CONFIDENCE LEVEL The percentage of probability that an item will survive
for its stated MTBF.

CONJUGATE The corresponding positions of the object and image points of
a given lens. For every possible object point, there is a corresponding,
or conjugate, image point.

CONNECTING BAR See Tailpiece.

CONNECTION DIAGRAM One which indicates the location and describes the
types of connectors to be used at every junction in the distribution
system.

CONSOLE 1. A major piece of equipment in a system that usually contains
the controlling apparatus. 2. A large enclosure or series of equipment
cabinets that are used to house system equipment.

CONSTANT CUT 1. Any bitting(s) which are identical in corresponding
positions from one key to another in a keying system. They usually serve
to group these keys together within a given level of keying, and/or link
them with keys of other levels. 2. See Rotating Constant.

CONSTANT RINGING DROP A latching relay that continuously activates an
alarm annunciator until reset. Also call constant ringing relay.

CONSTRUCTION BREAKOUT KEY A key used by some manufacturers to render all
construction master keys permanently inoperative.

CONSTRUCTION CORE An interchangeable or removable core designed for use
during the construction phase of a building. The cores are normally
keyed alike and, upon completion of construction, they are to be
replaced by the permanent system\'s cores.

CONSTRUCTION MASTER Of or pertaining to a cylinder which is or is to be
operated temporarily by a construction master key.

CONSTRUCTION MASTER KEYING A keying system used to allow the use of a
single key for all locks during the construction of large housing
projects. In one such system, the cylinder cores of all locks contain an
insert that permits the use of a special master key. When the dwelling
unit is completed, the insert is removed and the lock then accepts its
own change key and no longer accepts the construction master key.

CONTACT 1. Each of the pair of metallic parts of a switch or relay which
by touching or separating make or break the electrical current path. 2.
A switch type sensor.

CONTACT BLOCK The portion of a magnetic contact that contains the
switching element. The magnet is housed in the actuating block.

CONTACT DEVICE Electromagnetic switch that turns on an alarm when it is
opened or closed. Usually magnetic door contact, pressure mats, floor
traps (wires across the floor). Because a device is simple and hard to
fool, alarms are usually genuine.

CONTACT MICROPHONE A microphone placed directly in contact with the
object being protected in order to detect surface disturbances.

CONTACTS 1. Electrically conductive points or sets of points that open
and close a circuit. 2. Any type of switching device that requires a
mechanical movement to open or close a circuit using contacts. 3. An
alarm switch that uses a simple contact closure or opening, such as a
magnetic door switch.

CONTACT VIBRATION SENSOR See Vibration Detector.

CONTENTION A method of line control in which terminals request to
transmit. If the channel is free, transmission proceeds; if not, the
terminal must wait until it is free. The queue of contention requests
can be prearranged by the computer or taken in sequence as the requests
are made.

CONTINUOUS HINGE A hinge designed to be the same length as the edge of
the moving part to which it is applied. Also called a piano hinge.

CONTINUOUS OPERATIONS This condition exists when a classified facility
is manned 24 hours a day by not fewer than two appropriately cleared
personnel who have the continuous capability of detecting unauthorized
entry in to the facility. Positive identification and access control
must be maintained at all entrance points not adequately secured.

CONTINUOUS PERSONNEL ACCESS CONTROL An access control system where
access to the building is continuously controlled by a cleared
individual.

CONTINUOUS RATING Continuous rating defines the constant load which a
transformer can carry at a rated primary voltage and frequency without
exceeding the specified temperature rise.

CONTINUOUS TONE Having the detail and tone values of the subject
reproduced by a continuous gradation of gray densities between white and
black.

CONTRACTOR Any industrial, educational, commercial, or other entity
which has executed a contract with a user agency or a department.

CONTRACT MONITOR (CM) Term used for the contracting officer\'s technical
representative for classified contractual efforts. The CM must be an
appropriately indoctrinated military or US Government civilian employee.

CONTRAST The range of difference between light and dark values in a
picture, usually expressed as contrast ratio.

CONTRAST FILTER A color filter used to make a subject stand out very
sharply from surrounding objects.

CONTRAST RATIO The ratio between the maximum and minimum brightness
value.

CONTROL BUS Electrical data lines responsible for communicating vital
commands for equipment interactions.

CONTROL CABINET See Control Unit.

CONTROL CHARACTER A character in a data message that initiates,
modifies, or stops a control operation e.g., a character to control
carriage return, etc.

CONTROL CUT 1. Any bitting which operates the retaining device of an
interchangeable or removable core. 2. See Constant Cut #1.

CONTROL, DAY‑NIGHT Control which turns a security system on or off to
allow normal occupancy and to provide protection during the hours of
closure.

CONTROL KEY 1. A key whose only purpose is to remove and/or install an
interchangeable or removable core. 2. A bypass key used to operate
and/or reset some combination type locks. 3. A key which allows
disassembly of some removable cylinder locks.

CONTROL LUG That part of an interchangeable or removable core retaining
device which locks the core into its housing.

CONTROL PANEL A device that arms, disarms, and supervises a security or
fire system. Control panels are installed at a subscriber\'s premises to
provide local control of an alarm system, and to serve as the interface
to the central station.

CONTROL POINT An entry or exit point where access is monitored and
subject to restriction.

CONTROL SLEEVE The part of an interchangeable core retaining device
which surrounds the plug.

CONTROL UNIT A device, usually electronic, which provides the interface
between the alarm system and the human operator and produces an alarm
signal when its programmed response indicates an alarm condition. Some
or all of the following may be provided for: power for sensor,
sensitivity adjustments, means to select and indicate access mode or
secure mode, monitoring for line supervision and tamper devices, timing
circuits, for entrance and exit delays, transmission of an alarm signal,
etc.

CONTROLLED AREA Any area to which entry is subject to restrictions or
control for security reasons.

CONTROLLED CROSS KEYING A condition in which two or more different keys
of the same level of keying and under the same higher level keys(s)
operate one cylinder by design; e.g., XAA1 operated by AA2 (but not XAA1
operated by AB1).

Note: This condition could severely limit the security of the cylinder
and the maximum expansion of the system when (1) more than a few of
these different keys operate a cylinder, or (2) more than a few
differently cross keyed cylinders per system are required.

CONTROLLER 1. In access control applications, the central data
processing device in the system. Usually a microprocessor or
microcomputer, the controller interacts with all the card readers.
Logging is accomplished by the controller, as well as the processing of
data related to authorization levels, card fields, and programming. 2. A
device that commands operation of system equipment.

CONVERGENCE The crossover of the three electron beams of a three gun
tri‑color picture tube. This normally occurs at the plane of the
aperture mask.

CONVERGING LENS A lens which bends rays of light passing through it
toward its axis. Parallel incident light rays converge at a point of
focus. Also known as a convergent, convex or positive lens.

CONVERTIBLE LENS A lens containing two or more elements which can be
used individually or in combination to give a variety of focal lengths.

CONVEX LENS See Converging Lens.

COORDINATOR A mechanism which controls the order of closing of a pair of
swing doors, used with overlapping astragals and certain panic hardware
which require that one door close ahead of the other.

CORD TRAP A simple intrusion detector that consists of a cord stretched
across the protected area. One or both ends of the cord can be attached
to a switch that activates an alarm if the cord is displaced.

CORE 1. A complete unit, often with a figure 8 shape, which usually
consists of the plug, shell, tumblers, springs, plug retainer and spring
cover(s). It is primarily used in removable and interchangeable core
cylinders and locks. 2. Electronic storage in the computer\'s central
processing unit.

CORE DRILL An electric powered heavy drill normally found in the
construction industry and for large hole drilling in all types of
masonry.

CORE KEY A special key that removes the entire core from a removable
core lock and replaces it with another core. See also Removable Core
Lock.

CORE SATURATION Condition when an inductor or transformer core can no
longer increase flux density.

CORRECTED LENS A lens designed so that one or more aberrations are
minimized.

CORRELATED COLOR TEMPERATURE See Color Temperature.

COSMIC TOP SECRET Marking used on a NATO Top Secret document to signify
that it is the property of NATO and that it is subject to special
security control.

COUNTER A digital circuit that functions as an accumulator. See also
Accumulator Circuit.

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE Information gathered and activities conducted to
protect against espionage and other clandestine intelligence activities,
sabotage, international terrorist activities or assassinations conducted
for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons, but not
including personnel, physical document, or communications security
programs.

COUNTERMEASURES The application of passive and active/offensive and
defense security disciplines and strategies with the objective of
impairing the operational effectiveness of unauthorized collectors
and/or adversarial planners.

COURIER An authorized person designated to hand carry classified
material.

COVER The section of the case designed to be removed for access to
components in the case.

COVERING POWER The maximum area over which a lens can form a sharp image
on a plane. This may be expressed as film size for a particular lens.

COVERT Secretive, not obvious, hidden.

COVERT TELEVISION Television images obtained with the use of concealed
cameras and video transmission devices. Pinhole lenses and two way
mirrors are concealment methods.

CP/M Abbreviation for Control Program for Microprocessors. A disk
operating system developed for use with 8080/8085/8086 and Z ‑80
microprocessors. CP/M was one of the first microcomputer hardware
independent operating systems devised. It is compatible with many makes
of microcomputers and permits users to choose from a wide election of
CP/M based software. CP/M is a trade mark of Digital Research, Inc.

CPP See Certified Protection Professional.

CPU See Central Processing Unit.

CRASHBAR A metal bar mounted horizontally at mid level on a door and
linked to the lock mechanism. It is used to effect a rapid exit in an
emergency situation. Also called a panic bar.

CREMONE BOLT A surface mounted device that locks a door or sash into the
frame at both the top and bottom when a knob or lever is turned.

CRESCENT SASH LOCK A simple cam shaped latch, not requiring a key for
its operation, usually used to secure double hung windows. Also called a
cam lock.

CRITICAL FOCUS The point at which a lens gives the sharpest reproduction
of a subject.

CRITICALITY

CROSS ALARM 1. An alarm initiated by causing a short in an electrical
circuit. Also called closed circuit alarm. 2. The signal produced due to
a cross alarm condition.

CROSS KEYED See Cross Keying.

CROSS KEYING The deliberate process of combinating a cylinder (usually
in a master key system) to two or more different keys which would not
normally be expected to operate it together. See also Controlled Cross
Keying, and Uncontrolled Cross Keying.

CROSS TALK 1. An unwanted electrical interference caused by
electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling from nearby conductors or
external sources. 2. Interference between two or more signals in close
proximity within a bandpass. 3. Also called spurious signal.

CROSS ZONE 1. Fire system circuitry that requires signals from two
different sensor devices to be received before an alarm or control
output is initiated. A single sensor activation in the circuit causes a
trouble condition and indication of the affected zone. 2. Circuitry that
combines alarm inputs for a desired output. See also Combined Alarms.

CROSSBAR A mechanism or switch that comprises a matrix of horizontal and
vertical contact points. A crossbar interconnects a given input to a
selected output, for example, a CCTV camera to a monitor.

CROSSOVER 1. An insulated bridge that passes window foil over areas
conductive to ground and window dividers. Also called foil crossover. 2.
A frequency sensitive electronic network that shifts signals between
speakers.

CRR Constant ringing relay. See Constant Ringing Drop.

CRT See Cathode Ray Tube.

CRT TERMINAL A data entry terminal that comprises a keyboard for data
entry and crt for visual display.

CRYPTANALYSIS The steps and operations performed in converting encrypted
messages into plain text without the initial knowledge of the key
employed in the encryption algorithm.

CRYPTO A bold marking used to identify correspondence, documents, and
material which contain classified cryptographic information. The
designation Crypto replaces the designations Crypto Clearance Required
and Crypto Clearance Not Required.

CRYPTOGRAM An encrypted message that must be decoded to be intelligible.

CRYPTOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Information pertaining to the various means
and methods for rendering plain text unintelligible and reconverting
cipher text into intelligible form.

CRYPTOGRAPHY The science of codes and ciphers.

CRYSTAL CONTROLLED SYNC The synchronization of one or more devices, such
as a CCTV camera using a constant frequency output crystal. Crystals
used in synchronization applications resonate at a specific frequency
when powered. This constant frequency serves as a standard reference for
the synchronization of multiple devices. Crystals provide the time base
reference for many computer based systems.

CSI Construction Specifiers Institute.

CTS Central T Station

CURB A component for holding tumblers in place.

CURRENT The movement of electrons through a conductor. Measured in
amperes, its symbol is \"i\".

CURRENT LOOP A circuit that is sensitive to current variations but not
voltage changes, used in communications and alarm circuits. Long
distance communications by current loop are practical because line drop
does not significantly affect the circuit. Current loops are low speed,
generally under 300 baud. Commonly used current ratings are 20 and 60
mA.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER A transformer generally used in instrumentation
circuits for measuring or controlling current.

CURVATURE OF FIELD A lens aberration in which the image is formed on a
concave surface instead of on a plane; thus, the entire image cannot be
brought into critical focus on a flat film or platter.

CURVILINEAR DISTORTION A lens aberration in which straight lines are
imaged as curves.

CUSTODIAN A custodian is an individual who has possession of, or is
otherwise charged with, the responsibility for safeguarding or
accounting for classified information.

CUSTOMER CODE A code used in alarm or access control equipment that
identifies the customer or location of the equipment.

CUT 1. See Key Cut(s). 2. To make cuts into a key blade.

CUT ANGLE 1. A measurement, usually expressed in degrees, for the angle
between the two sides of a key cut. 2. See Degree of Rotation.

CUT DEPTH 1. See Bitting Depth. 2. See Root Depth.

CUT EDGE The portion of the key blade which contains the cuts.

CUT KEY A key which has been bitted or combinated.

CUT PROFILE See Key Cut Profile.

CUT ROOT The bottom of a key cut.

CUT ROOT SHAPE The shape of the bottom of a key cut. It may have a flat
or radius of a specific dimension, or be a perfect \"V\".

CUT ROTATION See Degree of Rotation.

CUTOFF An obstruction of light rays to the lens, either by the sunshade,
the camera bed, or an adjacent lens on a mount.

CUTOFF FREQUENCY That frequency beyond which no appreciable energy is
transmitted. It may refer to either an upper or lower limit of a
frequency band.

CUTTER The part of a key machine which makes the cuts into the key
blank.

CYLINDER Housing containing a tumbler mechanism and a keyway plug which
can be turned only by the correct key. Includes a cam or spindle to
transmit rotary action to a lock or latch mechanism. For security and
keying versatility, authorities generally specify a pin tumbler cylinder
of no less than five pins. These are available in the mortise cylinder
(round, threaded housing) or the bored lock cylinder (sometimes called a
cylinder \"insert\"). Both types offer the same functional value of
security and convenience and are often included in the same keying
system. See Keying.

CYLINDER ASSEMBLY See Cylinder.

CYLINDER BAR See Tailpiece.

CYLINDER BLANK A dummy cylinder which has a solid face and no operating
parts.

CYLINDER CLIP A spring steel device used to secure some types of
cylinders.

CYLINDER COLLAR A plate or ring installed under the head of a cylinder
to improve appearance and/or security.

CYLINDER CORE (OR PLUG) The central part of a cylinder, containing the
keyway, which is rotated to operate the lock bolt.

CYLINDER GUARD A protective cylinder mounting device.

CYLINDER GUARD RING A hardened metal ring, surrounding the exposed
portion of a lock cylinder, which protects the cylinder from being
wrenched, turned, pried, cut, or pulled with attack tools.

CYLINDER HOUSING The external case of a lock cylinder. Also called the
cylinder shell.

CYLINDER KEY A broad generic term including virtually all pin and disc
tumbler keys.

CYLINDER LOCK 1. A lock in which the locking mechanism is controlled by
a cylinder. A double cylinder lock has a cylinder on both the interior
and exterior of the door. 2. A lock cylinder that has a threaded housing
that screws directly into the lock case with a cam or other mechanism
engaging the locking mechanism (mortise cylinder).

CYLINDER, MORTISE TYPE A lock cylinder that has a threaded housing which
screws directly into the lock case, with a cam or other mechanism
engaging the locking mechanism.

CYLINDER PLUG See Plug.

CYLINDER, REMOVABLE CORE A cylinder whose core may be removed by the use
of a special key.

CYLINDER, RIM TYPE A lock cylinder that is held in place by tension
against its rim, applied by screws from the interior face of the door.

CYLINDER RING See Cylinder Collar.

CYLINDER ROSE See Cylinder Collar.

CYLINDER SCREW A set screw that holds a mortise cylinder in place and
prevents it from being turned after installation.

CYLINDER SHELL See Shell.

CYLINDRICAL LOCK (OR LATCH) See Bored Lock.

CYPHER LOCK An alpha‑numerical, electromechanical locking device which
is activated by using a preset code.

D

DAISY CHAIN A bus line that wires a series of individual devices
together, with the signal passing from unit to unit. A central processor
interrogates each unit in sequence, or communicates only with units that
are actually transponding. It is commonly used in multiplex monitor
systems and card reader systems.

DAMPED SENSOR An inertia or vibration sensor designed for low
sensitivity. Damped sensors are used in locations where varying
actuation levels are required on a single circuit. The low sensitivity
sensors are used where normal heavy ambient vibration would cause a
standard sensor to false alarm.

DARK ADAPTATION The increase in sensitivity of the eye that makes vision
possible at very low light levels. Eyes may take as long as 35 minutes
to dark adapt. See also Adaptation.

DARK CURRENT The current output of a photoelectric sensor when no light
is entering the sensor.

DARK CURRENT COMPENSATION WITH TEMPERATURE A circuit that compensates
the dark current level change with temperature and/or voltage.

DATA 1. Information in the form of electrical impulses that are
transmitted within a system to signal or produce an event such as a
relay closure. 2. Facts that support a conclusion or record an event.

DATA ABOVE VOICE Special telephone line channels that provide the
equivalent of a direct data wire link using existing voice grade lines.
Alarm signals may be transmitted over the voice lines at any time, even
while voice communications are in progress. The alarm signals are
communicating at a much higher frequency than voice. In this way,
polling and alarm signal transmission may occur simultaneously with
voice communications. Also called piggybacking.

DATA BADGE An identification badge usually bearing a personal
photograph, employee number and areas of access authorized, and which
may be coded for use in operating access control systems using card
readers.

DATA BASE A collection of facts or instructions upon which human or
computer decisions are based. For example, a data base in an access
control system would include all cardholders, access levels and times,
and card reader locations. The computer follows its programmed
instructions drawing upon the data base to make entry/exit decisions.

DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A systematic approach to storing, updating
and retrieving information stored as data items, such as file records,
where many users and remote installations use data banks.

DATA BUS 1. Electrically conductive wire, bar, or strip that ties
together electrical components or logic devices. 2. The electrical data
line that links data gathering devices within a system.

DATA COMMUNICATION One machine talking to another machine in data
language.

DATA CONTAMINATION Deliberate or accidental processes or acts resulting
in changes in the integrity of the original data.

DATA DICTIONARY Information that describes the structure and content of
a data base; the dictionary is usually stored in the computer.

DATA DIDDLING Unauthorized alteration of data prior to its input into
the computer.

DATA ENCRYPTION The manipulation of data so as to place it in the form
of coded information. Encrypted material must be decrypted to be
intelligible.

DATA ENTRY 1. A datum, or item usually entered on one line; a single
entity of processing. 2. The act of inputting data into a database.

DATA FILE A data base within a storage media for immediate use in a
computer based system.

DATA GATHERING PANEL (DGP) 1. Receiving control unit that displays and
stores alarm system information. 2. A transponder to which many alarm
circuits are connected for interfacing to an alarm processor.

DATA I/0 The input/output port for transfer of data.

DATA INTEGRITY The state that exists when computerized data is the same
as that in the source documents and has not been exposed to accidental
or malicious alteration or destruction.

DATA LEAKAGE Causing unauthorized data to be output along with
authorized data.

DATA MANIPULATION Changing data before or during the input process.

DATA RATE See Baud Rate.

DATA SECURITY The protection of data from accidental or malicious
modification, destruction or disclosure.

DATA SEEPAGE Unintentional or accidental receipt of unauthorized data by
a user.

DATA SET A device that performs modulation/demodulation and control
functions necessary for compatibility between business machines and
communications links. A modem is sometimes referred to as a data set.

DATA STREAM A single grouping of data transmitted and received as a
whole.

DATAPHONE SELECT‑A‑STATION (DSAS) A dedicated voice grade telephone line
for low or medium speed alarm reporting or data collection. DSAS allows
a master station located on the user\'s premises to make a series of
point‑to‑point connections to a number of remote stations. These
connections are made one at a time in rapid sequence. Both sequential
mode and addressable mode transmission is available. Sequential mode
made all connections in a predetermined order; addressable mode makes
the connections in a random sequence under direct control of the user.
Dataphone is a registered trademark of American Telephone & Telegraph.

DAY KEY See Change Key #1.

DAY MODE A mode that includes all parameters for system operation during
daytime schedules.

DAY SETTING See Access Mode.

DAYGATE A lockable screen or grill which fits in the entrance of a
walk‑in vault, used to control access to the vault while the main door
is open.

DAYLIGHT Light consisting of skylight or a combination of sunlight and
skylight. The spectral quality of daylight varies widely with
atmospheric conditions and the position of the sun. In clear weather,
with the sun about 40 degrees above the horizon, the correlated color
temperature of daylight is approximately 5500 K.

dB See Decibel.

dBM Notation for quantity of decibels above or below one milliwatt.

DC See Direct Current.

DC RESTORATION The re‑establishment by a sampling process of the DC and
the low frequency components of a video signal which have been
suppressed by AC transmission.

DC TRANSMISSION A form of transmission in which the DC components of the
video signal are transmitted.

DDD See Direct Distance Dialing.

DD FORM 254 Contract Security Classification Specification. DD Form 254,
is the basic document for conveying to the contractor, classification,
regrading, and declassification specifications for a classified document
generated by the contractor.

DEAD BOLT A lock bolt which does not have an automatic spring action and
a beveled end as opposed to a latch bolt, which does. The bolt must be
actuated to a projected position by a key or thumb turn and when
projected is locked against return by end pressure.

DEADBOLT LOCK A lock that uses strong metal components that cannot be
easily forced. Deadbolt locks are available in single and double
cylinder configurations; double cylinder deadbolts may be locked from
either side of a door.

DEAD LATCH A spring actuated latch bolt having a beveled end and
incorporating a feature that automatically locks the projected latch
bolt against return by end pressure.

DEAD LOCK A lock equipped with a dead bolt.

DEAD LOCKING LATCH BOLT See Dead Latch.

DEAD ZONE An area within a protection pattern in which the sensor is not
effective. Dead zones may be attributed to either the adjustment of the
sensor or to shadowing from surrounding objects or structural members.

DEBUG 1. To correct program errors in a computer program. 2. To
troubleshoot and correct problems or inconsistencies in a system or
device. 3. To remove covert listening or surveillance devices.

DECIBEL (dB) A measure of the power ratio of two signals. In system use,
a measure of the voltage ratio of two signals, provided they are
measured across a common impedance, dB is 20 times log10 of voltage or
current ratios and 10 x log10 of power ratio.

DECLASSIFICATION The determination that classified information no longer
requires, in the interest of national security, any degree of protection
against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with a removal or cancellation
of the classification designation.

DECLASSIFICATION EVENT An event that eliminates the need for continued
classification of information.

DECLINING STEP KEY A key whose cuts are progressively deeper from bow to
tip.

DECODE To determine a key combination by physical measurement of a key
and/or cylinder parts.

DECODER The circuitry in a color video receiver that separates the
signal information necessary to produce an image on the crt.

DECRYPTION The transformation of an encrypted message into plain text.
See also plain text and key.

DEDICATED LINE A power or transmission line with a single function, such
as data transmission. A nonshared telephone line to an individual
subscriber from a central station.

DEDICATED MODE The operation of an ADP system such that the central
computer facility, the connected peripheral devices, the communications
facilities, and all remote terminals are used and controlled exclusively
by specific users or groups of user for the processing of classified or
sensitive non‑classified information.

DEFEAT The successful unauthorized bypassing of an alarm sensor or
system so that a protected area can be entered without detection. Defeat
includes both circumvention and spoofing.

DEFENSE INFORMATION Official information which requires protection in
the interests of national defense, which is not common knowledge, and
which would be of intelligence value to an enemy or potential enemy in
the planning or waging of war against the United States or its allies.
There are three categories of defense information which, in descending
order or importance, shall carry one of the following designations: Top
Secret, Secret, or Confidential.

DEFINITION The degree of sharpness or clarity in an optical image; in
other words, the exactness in reproduction of the original image.

DEGAUSSER A device that erases magnetically encoded information. A
degausser is used to erase the data on a magnetic striped access control
card before the card is re‑encoded.

DEGRADATION Reduction of the speed, capacity, or quality of EDP
operations because of hardware or software deficiencies.

DEGRADED MODE In access control applications, the mode that operates in
the case of a central computer failure. This mode creates a minimal
authorization level by allowing any card normally used in the system to
be used to grant entry or exit. Sometimes a card\'s facility code is
used to grant or deny access in the degraded mode. Using different
facility codes at one location permits more than one access level during
degraded mode operation.

DEGREE 1. A unit of temperature. 2. A unit of angle 1/360 of a circle.

DEGREE OF ROTATION A specification for the angle at which a cut is made
into a key blade as referenced from the perpendicular; e.g., right (R or
2), left (L or 1), center (C or =). This specification is typically used
for some high security keys.

DELAY CIRCUIT A circuit in an alarm control panel or entry/exit device
that produces a specified time window. This allows an individual
sufficient time to enter or exit before arming or disarming the system.

DELAY DISTORTION Distortion resulting from the non‑uniform speed of
transmission of the various frequency components of a signal, the
various frequency components of the signal have different times of
travel (delay) between the input and the output of a circuit.

DELAY LINE Cabling designed for low propagation velocity; it provides a
deliberate electrical delay for transmitted signals.

DEMODULATOR A device that separates the information from the carrier
frequency in a modulated signal.

DENSITY A measure of the light transmitting or reflecting properties of
an area. It is expressed by the common logarithm of the ratio of
incident to transmitted or reflec ted light flux.

DENSITY, DIFFUSE The optical density of a material measured under
specified conditions of highly diffuse light, as opposed to non‑diffuse
or specular light.

DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY A master key which accesses all areas of a given
department.

DEPTH 1. See Bitting Depth. 2. See Root Depth.

DEPTH KEY SET A set of keys used to make a code original key on a key
duplicating machine to the lock manufacturer\'s given set of key bitting
specifications. Each key is cut with the correct spacing to one depth
only in all bitting positions, with one key for each depth.

DEPTH OF FIELD The distance between far and near points that are at the
same acceptable level of definition on an image plane. The smaller the
aperture of a lens, the greater the depth of field. Also, lenses with
shorter focal lengths have a greater depth of field than lenses of a
longer length when at the same f-stop.

DEPTH OF FIELD SCALE A scale indicating the depth of field of a lens, at
a specific distance and aperture settings.

DEPTH OF FOCUS A value that defines the area between the lens and image
plane where the image can be sharply focused.

DERIVATIVE CLASSIFICATION This is a determination that information is in
substance the same as information currently classified and application
of the same classification markings.

DERIVED SERIES A series of blind codes and bittings which are directly
related to those of another bitting list.

DETAIL CONTRACT The ratio of the amplitude of video signal representing
high frequency components with the amplitude representing the reference
frequency component, usually expressed as a percentage at a particular
line number.

DETAIL ENHANCEMENT Also called image enhancement. A system where each
element of the picture is analyzed in relation to adjacent horizontal
and vertical elements. When differences are detected a detail signal is
generated and added to the luminance signal to enhance it.

DETAINER DISC See Rotary Tumbler.

DETECTION The act of discovering or state of having discovered the
existence, presence or fact of unauthorized entry or tampering.

DETECTION DEVICE See Detector.

DETECTION PATTERN Area of coverage for volumetric or span sensor. Also
called detection field.

DETECTION RANGE A sensor or system\'s greatest effective distance for
the detection of an intruder or other cause for a fault condition. A
specified figure for detection range is based on successful fault
indications following repeated introduction of fault conditions.

DETECTOR 1. Any device that senses a change of state from a reference
and causes a contact opening or closure, or produces an electrical
pulse. It is synonymous with the term sensor. 2. A sensor such as those
used to detect intrusion, equipment malfunctions or failure, rate of
temperature rise, smoke or fire. 3. A demodulator is a device for
recovering the modulating function or signal from a modulated wave, such
as that used in a modulated photoelectric alarm system. Also see
Photoelectric Alarm System, Modulated.

DETERRENT Any physical or psychological device or method that
discourages action. Physical deterrents include locks or window grilles.
Psychological deterrents include the presence of a guard or surveillance
camera.

DHI Door and Hardware Institute.

DIAL 1. A numerically calibrated part of a combination lock used to
align the tumblers and operate the lock. 2. A telephone system using a
dial telephone, or other pulsing device, to initiate and effect
station‑to‑station telephone calls.

DIAL AND RING (SPY RESISTANT) A dial and ring designed to restrict the
unauthorized observation of combination dialing.

DIAL SHIELD A shroud to shield the dial from unauthorized observation of
combination dialing.

DIAPHRAGM An adjustable aperture used to vary the effective diameter of
a lens, thus allowing the amount of light passing through it to be
varied. The most common type is the iris diaphragm.

DIAPHRAGM STOP The aperture opening of a diaphragm.

DICHROIC COATING Usually a multilayer film applied to glass, which has
the property of elective transmission or reflection. Also a coating on a
lens, although this coating is designed to be nonselective. See also
Antireflection Coating.

DICHROIC MIRROR A semi‑transparent mirror which selectively reflects
some wavelengths more than others and so transmits selectively.

DIELECTRIC An electrically insulating material such as the insulation
between the plates of a capacitor.

DIELECTRIC TESTS Tests which consist of the application of a voltage
higher than the rated voltage for a specified time for the purpose of
determining the adequacy against breakdowns of insulating materials and
spacings under normal conditions.

DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER One that has two input signal connections in
addition to the zero signal reference lead. The output is the algebraic
sum of the instantaneous voltages appearing between the two input signal
connections.

DIFFERENTIAL GAIN In video, an amplitude change that occurs as the
picture signal is varied from blanking to white level. It is measured in
dB or percent.

DIFFERENTIAL PHASE The phase change of the 3.58 MHz color sub‑carrier
introduced by the overall circuit, measured in degrees, as the picture
signal on which it rides is varied from blanking to white level.

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SENSOR A buried sensor that detects perimeter
intrusion. The sensor is activated when hydraulic pressure in a tube
buried near the surface changes as a result of an individual or vehicle
passing over the protected area.

DIFFRACTION The minute bending of a light ray at the edge of an opaque
barrier. The limiting factor in determining the smallest detail which
light can record.

DIFFRACTION DISC See Airy Disc.

DIFFUSE DENSITY See Density, Diffuse

DIFFUSE LIGHT SOURCE A large area source which emits light in all
directions. The shadows of objects illuminated by such a source, if
present, are not sharply defined.

DIFFUSE REFLECTION The type of reflection obtained from a non‑glossy
surface in which the reflected rays are scattered in all directions.

DIFFUSER A device attached to a lens to soften the outlines and details
of the reproduced image. Also, translucent fiberglass, gauze, or other
material introduced into a lighting setup to increase the dispersion and
reduce the harshness of the lighting on the subject.

DIFFUSION The softening of sharp lines in an image by means of special
lenses or lens attachments or the scattering of light rays from a glossy
surface or the transmission of light through a translucent medium.

DIFFUSION SCREEN See Diffuser

DIGITAL Information or devices based on the use of discrete electrical
pulses rather than on continuously varied electrical signals. See also
Analog Data.

DIGITAL CODE An access code or signal transmission utilizing data
represented in digital or numerical form.

DIGITAL COMMUNICATOR A device that electronically dials a telephone
number and transmits a digital tone code to a receiver. Normally used
with central station alarm systems. A digital communicator transmits to
a receiver that can handle hundreds or thousands of central station
accounts. When initially tripped by an alarm, the digital communicator
seizes the telephone line from all internal sets, hangs up if necessary,
and then dials the central station. Once the central station receiver is
engaged, the digital dialer transmits a code that contains subscriber
identity and information regarding the nature of the alarm. The receiver
transmits an acknowledge signal and the communicator shuts off. Failure
to reach the central station results in several repeated at tempts.
Complete failure may activate a local alarm backup.

DIGITAL DIALER See Digital Communicator.

DIGITAL KEYPAD A keypad that has numerical push buttons. Digital keypads
are used in entry/exit systems for access identification. The keypads
require entry of a specific cycle that, if accepted, operates an
electric door strike. Timed operation keypads allow a limited amount of
time to enter a code once the first button is pressed. Other keypads
feature duress signals or system lockout if improper codes are entered.
Digital keypads are also used for arming and disarming an alarm system.
They may be used in combination with a card reader.

DIGITAL LOCK A type of mechanical lock that is opened by pressing the
proper sequence of numbered push buttons. See also Mechanical Lock,
Cypher Lock.

DIGITAL MULTIPATH PROCESSING See Multipath Microwave Sensor.

DIGITAL MULTIPLEX See Time Division Multiplex.

DIGITAL VOLTMETER A voltmeter that reads out on a digital display,
usually an LCD type display.

DIGITAL‑TO‑ANALOG CONVERTER A device that transforms digitized
information to an analog signal. See also Analog‑to‑Digital Converter.

DIGITIZING TABLE 1. A device used with signature verification systems to
input signature characteristics. It typically utilizes a ballpoint
stylus with a small sparkgap at the tip that generates sonic shockwaves.
The time required for the waves to reach linear transducers on the X and
Y axes of the tablet is translated into electrical pulses. 2. A computer
peripheral used to enter drawings and other X/Y coordinate information
to a computer. Sometimes called a digitizer.

DIMINISHING MEMORY A scheme used by some access control systems where an
id number actually represents a memory location, e.g., id number 05475
is memory location 05475. Information can not be changed by a computer
instruction as a location is no longer used, it is not available to
store new information, therefore the usable size of the memory
\"diminishes\". Cardkey and some fuel system manufacturers use this
technique.

DIMMER A rheostat, transformer, or other device used to adjust the
intensity of an incandescent light source.

DIMPLE A key cut in a dimple key.

DIMPLE KEY A key whose cuts are drilled or milled into its blade
surfaces. The cuts normally do not change the blade silhouette.

DIOPTER A measure of lens magnifying power, the reciprocal of the focal
length of the lens in meters.

DIP SWITCH A switch that is designed to fit into a DIP (dual in line
package) socket. DIP switches have a series of miniature toggle switches
arranged numerically on the top of the switch package. DIP switches are
used on electronic devices where it is necessary or desirable to set or
change circuit functions after manufacture.

DIRECT BURIAL CABLE A cable designed for installation in the earth
without the use of underground conduit.

DIRECT CODE A designation assigned to a particular key which includes
the actual combination of the key.

DIRECT CONNECT A supervised alarm system that does not use a central
station and is wired directly to the municipal police or fire
department.

DIRECT CURRENT (DC) Electrical current that travels in one direction
only. Direct current always has a positive and negative polarity
depending on direction of current travel.

DIRECT CURRENT ALARM SYSTEM An alarm transmission system that provides
line supervision with a dc balanced resistive bridge network in the
control panel. All direct current systems use metallic conductors and
are not directly compatible with ac voice grade telephone lines.

DIRECT DISTANCE DIALING A telephone exchange service which enables the
telephone user to call other subscribers outside the local area without
operator assistance.

DIRECT POSITIVE PROCESS A technique for producing a positive image
directly from a positive master or from the subject itself.

DIRECT WIRE SYSTEM A system in which each sensor point is wired
individually to the central monitor station. Also referred to as a
hardwire system.

DISABLE To temporarily or permanently place an alarm sensor or system
out of service.

DISARM To take an alarm sensor or system out of the active sensing
state. Sometimes called disable.

DISC 1. See Disc Tumbler. 2. See Master Pin #1. 3. See Rotary Tumbler.

DISC TUMBLER A flat tumbler which must be drawn into the cylinder plug
by the proper key so that none of its extremities extends into the
shell. 2. A flat, usually rectangular tumbler with a gate which must be
aligned with a sidebar by the proper key.

DISCO Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office. An element of the
Defense Supply Agency located at Columbus, Ohio, to which requests are
made for personnel security clearances, and where the Central Index File
of all existing industrial personnel security clearances granted by the
Department of Defense is located.

DISCRETE CIRCUIT 1. A circuit constructed of variety of individual
components, as opposed to an integrated circuit; its parts may come from
a number of different manufacturers. 2. A self contained circuit that
does not rely on outside circuits to perform its function.

DISK ACCESS A method of transferring information to and from a magnetic
disk.

DISKETTE Name given to the media used in disk drives. Available in 8\",
5 1/4\", and 3 1/2\" sizes; single or double sided; and single, double
or quad densities, hard and soft sectored.

DISPERSION The variable deviation, as a function of wavelength, of light
passing at an angle through a surface between two transparent media of
different densities; the separation of white light into a spectrum, as
by a prism.

DISPLACEMENT OF PORCHES A term referring to any difference between the
level of the front porch and the level of the back porch during the
horizontal synchronizing level.

DISPLAY Any type of device or subsystem that illustrates the status of a
zone or zones in a security system. Displays can be crt\'s, mimic
boards, or LED or LCD readouts.

DISPLAY KEY A special change key in a hotel master key system which will
allow access to one designated guest room, even if the lock is in the
shut out mode. It may also act as a shut out key for that room.

DISSEMINATE To furnish classified material under continued control of
the United States Government to persons having a proper clearance and a
\"need know,\" e.g., to another United States governmental agency or
department or to defense contractor.

DISTANCE METER An instrument used for measuring the distance to a
particular object. Also known as a range finder.

DISTORTION The effects of any variance from the normal characteristics
of a signal.

DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING The decentralization of data processing in a
system by using intelligent local devices, such as stand‑alone card
readers. This system design increases operating speed and reduces
dependence on a single control device.

DISTRIBUTION AMPLIFIER A device that separates and amplifies input
signals for multiple outputs.

DIVERGENT LENS A lens which bends the rays of light away from its axis.
Also called a negative lens.

DOCUMENT Any recorded information regardless of its physical form or
characteristics, exclusive of machinery, apparatus, equipment or other
items of material. The term includes, but is not limited to the
following: all written material, whether handwritten, printed or typed;
magnetic recordings; all photographic negatives, exposed or printed
films, and still or motion pictures; all punched cards or tapes and all
reproductions of the foregoing by whatever process reproduced.

DOCUMENT CONTROL An activity designated to record the receipt and
dispatch, and to maintain accountability, of classified documents.

DOD Department of Defense.

DOE Department of Energy. Established by the Department of Energy
Organization Act to the extent that the Department, or its duly
authorized representatives, exercises functions formerly vested in the
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, its Chairman, members, officers and
components and transferred to the U.S. Energy Research and Development
Administration and to the Administrator thereof.

DOGGING DEVICE A mechanism that fastens the cross bar of a panic exit
device in the fully depressed position, and retains the latch bolt or
bolts in the retracted position to permit free operation of the door
from either side.

DOGGING KEY A key type wrench used to lock down, in the open position,
the cross bar of a panic exit device.

DOLLY A rolling platform for a camera or other heavy equipment.

DOOR ASSEMBLY A unit composed of parts or components which make up a
closure for a passageway through a wall. It consists of the door,
hinges, locking device or devices, operational contacts (such as
handles, knobs, push plates), miscellaneous hardware and closures, the
frame including the head and jambs, the anchorage devices to the
surrounding wall, and the surrounding wall.

DOOR BOLT A rod or bar manually operated without a key, attached to a
door to provide a means of securing it.

DOOR CHECK/CLOSER A device used to control the closing of a door by
means of a spring and either hydraulic or air pressure, or by electrical
means.

DOOR CLEARANCE The space between a door and either its frame or the
finished floor or threshold, or between the two doors of a double door.
See also Clearance.

DOOR CORD A short, insulated cable with an attaching block and terminals
at each end used to conduct current to a device, such as foil, mounted
on the movable portion of a door or window.

DOOR FRAME An assembly of members surrounding and supporting a door or
doors, and perhaps also one or more transom lights and/or side lights.
See also integral frame.

DOOR JAMBS The two vertical components of a door frame called the hinge
jamb and the lock jamb.

DOOR LINK A short length of flexible electrical conductor that is used
to tie the sensor on the moving portion of a door to a fixed terminal.

DOOR OPENING The size of a doorway, measured from jamb to jamb and from
floor line or sill to head of frame. The opening size is usually the
nominal door size, and is equal to the actual door size plus clearances
and threshold height.

DOOR STOP The projections along the top and sides of a door frame
against which a one way swinging door closes. See also Rabbeted Jamb.

DOOR STRIKE 1. A mechanism that is used in opening or locking doors. 2.
The actual strike plate, mounted in the door jamb, that receives the
bolt.

DOOR SWITCH An electrical switch that initiates an alarm when
mechanically activated by an opening or closing door.

DOOR TRIP SWITCH A mechanical switch mounted so that movement of the
door will operate the switch.

DOPPLER EFFECT An apparent change in frequency as the speed between a
transmitter and receiver is changed. This effect is employed in
microwave and ultrasonic motion detectors. It is also known as a Doppler
Shift.

DOPPLER FREQUENCY SHIFT Principle used in all active volumetric motion
sensors. Doppler principle is used to measure the velocity and determine
the direction of a moving target. Velocity is determined by continually
measuring the time required for coded transmitted signal to return to
the measuring device from a moving target. Target direction is
determined by monitoring the frequency shift of the reflected signal. A
target moving toward the measuring device produces an increase in the
frequency of the signal and, conversely, a target moving away from the
measuring device produces a decrease in the frequency.

DOT BAR GENERATOR A device that generates a specified output pattern of
dots and bars. Used for measuring scan linearity and geometric
distortion of TV cameras and video monitors. Also used for converging
cathode ray tubes as recommended by color monitor and receiver
manufacturers.

DOUBLE ACTING DOOR A swinging door equipped with hardware which permits
it to open in either direction.

DOUBLE BITTED KEY A key bitted on two opposite surfaces or having cuts
on two sides.

DOUBLE CIRCUIT SYSTEM An electrical circuit in which two wires leave
each sensor to transmit an alarm signal.

DOUBLE CYLINDER LOCK See Cylinder Lock.

DOUBLE CIRCUITING The use of redundant wiring between all sensors in an
alarm system.

DOUBLE DOOR A pair of doors mounted together in a single opening. See
also Active Door and Inactive Door.

DOUBLE DROP 1. A technique for transmitting an alarm signal. The
technique uses both a break alarm and a cross alarm. 2. The use of two
telephone transmission lines that enter a premise at different locations
for the purpose of alarm signal line redundancy.

DOUBLE EGRESS FRAME A door frame prepared to receive two single acting
doors, swinging in opposite directions, both doors being of the same
hand.

DOUBLE GLAZING Two thicknesses of glass, separated by an air space and
framed in an opening, designed to reduce heat transfer or sound
transmission. In factory made double glazing units, referred to as
insulating glass, the air space between the glass sheets is desiccated
and sealed airtight.

DOUBLE HUNG WINDOW A type of window, composed of upper and lower sashes
which slide vertically.

DOUBLE PIN To place more than one master pin in a single pin chamber.

DOUBLE POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH A switch that connects one pair of wires
to either of two other pairs of wires.

DOUBLE SIDED KEY See Double Bitted Key.

DOUBLE SUPERVISED SYSTEM An alarm system that initiates a trouble signal
in the event of a main power failure or trouble power inputs.

DOUBLE THROW BOLT A bolt that can be projected beyond its first
position, into a second, or fully extended one.

DOUBLE THROW LOCK A lock incorporating a double throw bolt.

DOUBLET A compound lens consisting of two elements. If the inner
surfaces are cemented together, it is called a \"cemented doublet,\"
otherwise an \"airspaced doublet.\"

DOWNSTREAM PROTECTIVE DEVICE A fuse or circuit breaker located between a
source and load.

DPDT Double Pole Double Throw Switch.

DRILL JOB Drilling holes to expose the locking mechanism and lining up
the tumbler or knocking off the locking mechanism to open a safe.

DRIP LOOP A loop that is deliberately left in an electrical cable
installation so that collected moisture will gravitate to the bottom of
the loop and drip off. It is used wherever a line enters a dry area
either form the outdoors for from a source of moisture.

DRIVE CAM A cam that actuated the tumblers by a drive pin and is gated
to retract or accept a locking mechanism.

DRIVE PIN A protrusion on or through a drive cam or tumbler which drives
or turns the next tumbler.

DRIVE PULSES Video synchronization and blanking pulses.

DRIVER An amplifier used to drive input or output devices. Synonymous
with line driver. See Top Pin.

DRIVER PIN One of the pin tumblers in a pin tumbler cylinder lock,
usually flat on both ends, which are in line with and push against the
flat ends of the bottom pins. They are projected by individual coil
springs into the cylinder core until they are forced from the core by
the bottom pins when the proper key is inserted into the keyway.

DRIVER SPRING A spring placed on top of the pin stack to exert pressure
on the pin tumblers.

DROP A dated term that describes the annunciation of an alarm by some
type of mechanical or illuminated signaling system. It refers to an
illuminated indicator on an annunciator.

DROP BED A camera bed which may be lowered to avoid interference with
the view of a wide angle lens.

DROP FRONT A type of lens board which permits lowering the lens below
the center of the film.

DROPOUT The loss of video signal from a magnetic tape playback. Dropout
is characterized by black or white streaks and glitching. The loss of
signal is usually due to poor contact of the tape with the playback head
or a defective layer of magnetic media on the tape.

DROP RING A ring handle attached to the spindle which operates a lock or
latch. The ring is pivoted to remain in a dropped position when not in
use.

DRY CONTACT Metallic points that complete or open a circuit upon
occurrence of a fault or alarm condition.

DRY GLAZING A method of securing glass in a frame by used of a preformed
resilient gasket.

DRY CELL BATTERY Any type of electrical storage battery that does not
contain liquid or leakable electrolyte substances.

DRYWALL FRAME A knocked down (KD) door frame for installation in a wall
constructed with studs and gypsum board or other drywall facing material
after the wall is erected.

DSAS DATA CHANNEL See Dataphone Select Station.

DUAL CONTROL A method requiring two persons to open a security
container, i.e., a control drawer with two combination locks with
different combinations, which must be opened under a two‑person rule
concept.

DUAL INTENSIFIED VIVIDON (I2V) A standard vidicon type TV image pickup
tube of the direct readout type coupled with fiber optics to a two stage
intensifier to increase sensitivity over that of an intensified vidicon.

DUAL TWISTED PAIR Two individual sets of twisted pair wire, often
enclosed within a single cable.

DUMMY CYLINDER A non functional facsimile of a rim or mortise cylinder
used for appearance only, usually to conceal a cylinder hole.

DUMMY TRIM Trim only, without lock; usually used on the inactive door in
a double door.

DUMP The process of copying all or part of storage, usually from
internal to external. Synonymous with \"unload\".

DUPLICATE 1. See Duplicate Key. 2. To Copy.

DUPLICATE BLANK See Non‑original Key Blank.

DUPLICATE KEY Any key reproduced from a pattern key.

DURESS ALARM 1. An alarm condition that signals a situation in which an
individual is being forced to act not of his own free will but by a
secondary party such as an intruder. Often these alarms are triggered by
unobtrusive sensors so as to not place the individual under duress in
greater danger. Duress alarms are usually designed to silently initiate
an alarm, which is annunciated at a remote central station or guardpost.
2. A sensor used in a duress sensing capacity.

DURESS ALARM DEVICE A device which produces either a silent alarm or
local alarm under a condition of personnel stress such as holdup, fire,
illness, or other panic or emergency. The device is normally manually
operated and may be fixed or portable.

DURESS ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which employs a duress alarm device.

DUST COVER A device designed to prevent foreign matter from entering a
mechanism through the keyway.

DUSTPROOF CYLINDER A cylinder designed to prevent foreign matter from
entering either end of the keyway.

DUTCH DOOR A door consisting of two separate leaves, one above the
other, which may be operated either independently or together. The lower
leaf usually has a service shelf.

DUTCH DOOR BOLT A device for locking together the upper and lower leaves
of a dutch door.

DUTY CYCLE The actuation of intermittent devices for specific periods of
time. It is stated as percentage of actual operating time for a given
total time interval.

DWBA Direct Wire Burglar Alarm. See Alarm Line.

DWELL TIME In CCTV applications, the amount of time a sequential
switcher allows a particular image to remain displayed on a monitor.

DWELLING UNIT ENTRY Any door giving access to a private dwelling unit.

DYNAMIC CONVERGENCE VOLTAGE A composite horizontal and vertical voltage
used to insure correct convergence of the three beams of a tri‑color
picture tube over the entire surface of the phosphor faceplate.

DYNAMIC MICROPHONE A type of microphone that is suitable for rugged
environments. It utilizes a pressure sensitive diaphragm to move an
electrical coil in a magnetic field. Voltages are induced in the coil in
proportion to the magnitude of the audio vibrations. See also Condenser
Microphone.

DYNAMIC MULTIPATH See Multipath Microwave Sensor.

DYNAMIC RANGE The range between maximum and minimum acceptable signal
levels.

E

EARTH GROUND The portion of a circuit that is connected to a metallic
object buried in the earth. The portion of a circuit terminating at
ground is usually designated as negative.

EAVESDROPPING Unauthorized interception of information bearing
emanations through the use of methods other than wiretapping.

EBCDIC Expanded binary coded decimal interchange code, pronounced
\"eb\'‑sa‑dik\"; an 8 character code used primarily by IBM.

ECHO A signal which has been reflected at one or more points during
transmission with sufficient magnitude and time difference as to be
detected as a signal distinct from that of the primary signal. Echoes
can be either leading or lagging the primary signal and appear as
reflections or \"ghosts.\"

EFFECTIVE APERTURE The diameter of the lens diaphragm as measured
through the front lens element.

EFFECTIVE PLUG DIAMETER The dimension obtained by adding the root depth
of a key cut to the length of its corresponding bottom pin which
establishes a perfect shear line. This will not necessarily be the same
as the actual plug diameter.

EFFICIENCY The ratio of the output power over input power of a unit,
expressed in percent.

E‑FIELD A trade name that is an abbreviation for electrostatic field
sensor. See also Electrostatic Field Sensor.

E‑FIELD SENSOR A passive sensor which detects changes in the earth\'s
ambient electric field caused by the movement of an intruder. Also see
H‑Field Sensor.

EIA Electronic Industries Association. An organization formed to promote
commerce and standards within the various electronics industries.

EIA SYNC The signal that synchronizes scanning as specified in EIA
standards. (Refer to standards RS‑170, RS‑330, RS‑343 or subsequent
issues.)

EJECTOR HOLE A hole found on the bottom of certain interchangeable cores
under each pin chamber. It provides a path for the ejector pin.

EJECTOR PIN A tool used to drive all the elements of a pin chamber out
of certain interchangeable cores.

ELECTRET CABLE A type of weatherproofed wire cabling with microphonic
properties. It is used as a component of sound discriminating sensors,
usually on perimeter fence systems.

ELECTRICALLY BALANCED SWITCH CIRCUIT A switch circuit that registers an
alarm on sensing any increase or decrease in the flow of electric
current through the circuit.

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT CARD A rarely used access card technology in which the
cards contain a printed circuit laminated within the card. The
information encoded in the card is transferred to the reader via a
series of electrical contacts along the edge of the card.

ELECTRIC DISCHARGE LAMP A lamp in which light is produced by the passage
of electricity through a metallic vapor or a gas enclosed in a tube or
bulb. Also known as a gas discharge lamp.

ELECTRIC EYE A detector, or detector system, by which exposure settings
on a camera are automatically or semi‑automatically set. A photoelectric
cell.

ELECTRIC FIELD SENSOR A perimeter sensor that detects an intruder by a
disturbance of the electrical field surrounding the sensor. The sensor
consists of a tensioned field wire (charged by an ac field generator),
one or more sensing wires located in a parallel run, an amplifier, and a
signal processor. The presence of an intruder in the field causes a
variation in the intensity and character of the signals normally
received. The changing signals are analyzed, and the processor initiates
an alarm if specified signal criteria are met. The system detects
signals generated by a conductive body or a body with a high dielectric
constant such as a human.

ELECTRIC STRIKE An electrically operated device that replaces a
conventional strike plate and allows a door to be opened by using
electric switches at remote locations.

ELECTRIFIED KNOB SET A door knob with an internal solenoid. When the
solenoid is powered, the knob may be turned. A device of this type
requires a power lead from the knob set to the adjoining door frame.

ELECTROMAGNETIC Pertaining to the relationship between current flow and
magnetic field.

ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI) 1. Signal impairment resulting from
electromagnetic disturbances in the atmosphere or immediate vicinity of
the signal transmission media. 2. A phenomena which, either directly or
indirectly, can contribute to a degradation in performance of an
electronic system. Causes of EMI are high power transmission lines,
radio and television transmitter, radio systems, electric held‑arc
welders, electrical sub‑stations, power plants and mobile transmitters.
The strongest source of electromagnetic interference is lightning. EMI
is also referred to as conducted electromagnetic energy.

ELECTROMAGNETIC LOCK A door lock that uses magnetic attraction to secure
the door. Magnetic locks use no moving parts.

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (EMR) EMR is a result of radiated
electromagnetic signals coming into direct contact with the electronic
equipment, signal lines and power lines.

ELECTROMECHANICAL DETECTION DEVICE Any sensor that uses a combination of
electrical and moving mechanical components to accomplish its function.
An example would be a door cord or pressure mat. Generally, any
detection device that requires direct physical contact with the intruder
to initiate an alarm.

ELECTROMECHANICAL BELL A bell with a prewound spring driven striking
mechanism, the operation of which is initiated by the activation of an
electric tripping mechanism.

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF) The force required to make a current flow
between two points. See also Volt.

ELECTRONIC Related to, or pertaining to, devices which utilize electrons
moving through a vacuum, gas, or semiconductor, and to circuits or
systems containing such devices.

ELECTRONIC PROCESSING The capture, storage, manipulation, reproduction,
or transmission of any data/information in any form by any
electronically powered device. This definition includes, but is not
limited to, computers and their peripheral equipment, word processors,
office equipment, telecommunications equipment, facsimiles, electronic
accounting machines, etc.

ELECTROSENSITIVE PRINTER A printer that requires a specially coated,
electrically conductive paper. The printhead generates rf energy, which
carbonizes small points on the paper, to produce characters.

ELECTROSTATIC FIELD SENSOR A passive type of perimeter sensor that
detects an intruder by a disturbance of the ambient electrical field
surrounding the sensor. It is similar in operation to an electric field
sensor.

ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING In video, a technique for focusing a crt beam
using focus plates with electric charges upon them.

ELECTROSTATIC SHIELD A shield which prevents electrostatic coupling
between circuits, but permits electromagnetic coupling.

EMBOSSED CARD A type of card used in card access systems that is encoded
by raising or embossing a pattern on the surface of the card. The card
reader decodes the embossed information on the card.

EMERGENCY CALL STATION A panel with push buttons that is designed for
placement in the home, in health care facilities, or in any location
where there is a requirement for rapid communication of an emergency.
Emergency call stations are usually wired into a central station and/or
local alarm system.

EMERGENCY KEY 1. See Emergency Master Key. 2. The key which operates a
privacy function lockset.

EMERGENCY MASTER KEY A special master key which usually operates all
guest room locks in a hotel master key system at all times, even in the
shut out mode. This key may also act as a shut out key.

EMERGENCY RELOCATION SITE A prepared location to which all or portions
of a civilian or military headquarters may be moved. It is manned only
to provide the maintenance of the facility, communications, and data
base. It should be capable of rapid activation, or supporting the
initial requirements of the relocated headquarters for a predetermined
period, and of expansion to meet the full wartime requirements of the
relocated headquarters. An area, room or group of rooms, building,
tunnel, or any other space that has been designated as a location where
sensitive compartmented information will be used during emergencies
and/or exercises which necessitate relocation of a headquarters.

EMI See Electromagnetic Interference.

EMK See Emergency Master Key.

EMOTIONAL STRESS MONITOR See Polygraph.

ENCODE 1. To convert into code. 2. Combinate.

ENCODER Any device that produces one or more unique messages within a
media or device for the purpose of transmission to a decoder. It may be
an electrical circuit or device, or a mechanical or electromechanical
device, such as a magnetic card encoder.

ENCRYPTION A method of altering data for transmission by introducing a
level of signal complexity or special algorithms designed to prevent
unauthorized use of the data.

END‑OF‑LINE RESISTOR A resistor that introduces a specific impedance to
a circuit for purposes of creating a norm for a balanced circuit.
Deviation from specific limitations on this norm creates an alarm
condition. Also called a terminal resistor.

END‑OF‑LINE SUPERVISION The use of a resistor or diode within a sensor
circuit to limit the amount of, or control the direction of, the
supervisory current. End line supervision causes an alarm if there
should be an attempt made to jump the circuit. It sets up a specific
impedance or polarity that, when changed, causes the alarm. See also
End‑of‑Line Resistor.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A system that combines monitor and control
capabilities to provide optimum efficiency for energy use within the
environment managed by the system. Such a system performs tasks such as
automatically turning off lights or lowering the temperature during
non-demand times.

ENG Abbreviation for Engineer\'s Key.

ENGINEER\'S KEY (ENG) A selective master key which is used by
maintenance personnel to operate many locks under different master keys
in the system of three or more levels of keying.

ENTRANCE CODE A numerical code entered on a keypad to gain entry to a
secured area.

ENTRANCE DELAY A circuit that permits an authorized individual entering
the premises a reasonable amount of time to enter and disarm the alarm
system before causing an alarm. Entrance delay times are often
adjustable by a control on the local alarm panel.

ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT General term meaning capable of operating in
extremes of temperature, humidity, vibration, sand and dust, etc.

E.O.L. End of Line.

EPROM See Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY An electrically programmable ROM
suited for high performance microcomputer systems where fast turn around
is important for system program development, and for small volumes of
identical programs in production systems. Specifically, a programmable
ROM that can be erased and re‑programmed.

EQUALIZER An electronic circuit that introduces compensation for
frequency discriminative effects of elements within the television
system.

EQUALIZING PULSES Electrical pulses that directly precede and follow the
vertical synchronizing pulses in a video signal. The equalizing pulses
improve interlace by reducing the effects of line frequency.

EQUIVALENT FOCAL LENGTH The focal length of a group of lenses considered
as a single lens.

ESCUTCHEON A surface mounted trim which enhances the appearance and/or
security of a lock installation.

ESCUTCHEON PLATE A surface mounted cover plate, either protective or
ornamental, containing openings for any or all of the controlling
members of a lock such as the knob, handle, cylinder or keyhole.

EVENT CODE A dedicated signal generated by a digital communicator for
the purpose of identifying the nature of the alarm circuit to the
central station. For example, event codes may differentiate between
fire, intrusion, a supervised opening, or a supervised closing.

EXISTING LIGHT See Available Light.

EXIT ALARM An alarm designed for activation upon the opening of a
secured exit door. Normally, a local annunciator is used.

EXIT BUTTON 1. In an access control systems, an electrical switch used
for activating an exit door from a secured area. It is used where an
access card is only required in one direction. The exit button releases
the door, for exiting, without the need for an access card. 2. A method
of momentarily shunting an alarm circuit to allow exit.

EXIT DELAY The time between turning on a control unit and the sounding
of a local alarm or transmission of an alarm signal upon actuation of a
sensor on an exit door. This delay is used if the authorized access
switch is located within the protected area and permits a person with
the control key to turn on the alarm system and to leave through a
protected door or gate without causing an alarm. The delay is provided
by a timer within the control unit.

EXIT DEVICE See Panic Hardware.

EXIT READER A card reader that controls exit from a secured area.

EXITWAY A continuous and unobstructed means of egress from a building to
the outdoors, usually providing a safe exit route for persons inside the
building in the event of a fire or other emergency.

EXITWAY DOOR Any door providing egress from an exitway system to the
outdoors, either directly or via a corridor, hall, or room which also
forms a part of the exitway: the door of an exitway nearest the
outdoors.

EXPANDED METAL An open mesh formed by slitting and drawing metal sheet:
it is made in various patterns and metal thicknesses, with either a flat
or an irregular surface.

EXPLOSION PROOF HOUSING An enclosure that is used to house electrical
equipment in potentially volatile environments, especially in ignitable
gases or vapors. It prevents possible sparking in electrical or
electromechanical devices that could cause an explosion in danger areas.

EXPLOSIVES DETECTOR A device that detects explosive compounds by
analyzing chemical emission or by some other method. It is available in
portable models for bomb detection.

EXTENSION TUBE A tube which may be inserted between a lens and a camera
to permit focusing on very close objects.

EXTERIOR PRIVATE AREA The ground area outside a single family house, or
a ground floor apartment in the case of a multiple dwelling, which is
fenced off by a real barrier, which is available for the use of one
family and is accessible only from the interior of that family\'s unit.

EXTERIOR PUBLIC AREA The ground area outside a multiple dwelling which
is not defined as being associated with the building or building entry
in any real or symbolic fashion.

EXTERIOR SEMI‑PRIVATE AREA The ground area outside a multiple dwelling
which is fenced off by a real barrier, and is accessible only from the
private or semi‑private zones within the building.

EXTERIOR SEMI PUBLIC AREA The ground area outside a single family house
or multiple dwelling, which is accessible from public zones, but is
defined as belonging to the house or building by symbolic barriers only.

EXTRACTOR KEY A tool which normally removes a portion of a piece key or
blocking device from a keyway.

F

FACE (OF A LOCK) See Face Plate.

FACE GLAZING A method of glazing in which the glass is set in an
L‑shaped or rabbeted frame, the glazing compound is finished off in the
form of a triangular bead, and no loose stops are employed.

FACE PLATE 1. A mortise lock cover plate exposed in the edge of the
door. 2. See Scalp.

FACILITY A plant, laboratory, office, structure, or site (government or
commercial) with associated warehouses, storage areas, utilities and
components, which, when related by functions and location, form a
operating classified entity.

FACILITY APPROVAL A determination that a facility is eligible to use,
process, store, reproduce, transmit or otherwise handle classified
information.

FACILITY CODE A code used in alarm or access control equipment that
identifies the customer or location of the equipment.

FACILITY SECURITY CLEARANCE An administrative determination by the
Department of Defense that a facility is eligible for access to
classified information of a certain category (and all lower categories).
Facility clearance may be revoked by the Cognizant Security Officer for
security deficiencies and appeal of such revocation is not authorized.

FACTORY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION (FIA) An organization supported by a group
of industrial insurance companies to provide an on‑going program of
standards and specifications for the security and fire industries.

FACTORY MUTUAL SYSTEM (FM) An organization of mutual fire insurance
companies that sets engineering standards for fire protection equipment.

FACTORY ORIGINAL KEY The cut key furnished by the lock manufacturer for
a lock or cylinder.

FADE The gradual lowering in amplitude of a signal.

FADER A control or group of controls for effecting fade‑in and fade‑out
of video or audio signals.

FAHRENHEIT A temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is
taken as 32 degrees and its boiling point as 212 degrees. Fahrenheit
temperatures may be converted to Celsius temperatures by the following
formula: C = 5/9 x (F ‑ 32).

FAIL SAFE A condition whereby an electromechanical door lock reverts to
the unlocked position in the event of a power failure, as opposed to
fail secure, which defaults to a locked position. This feature is
necessary for safety in life threatening situations, such as a fire. It
is also required by most fire codes for commercial and public buildings.
Any device or system that initiates an alarm or trouble indication in
the event of an equipment failure or power loss. Also called fail soft.

FAIL SECURE A condition whereby an electromechanical door lock reverts
to a locked position when there is a power failure, as opposed to fail
safe, which defaults to an unlocked position.

FAIL SOFT See Fail Safe.

FAILURE ACCESS An unauthorized and usually inadvertent access to data
resulting from a hardware or software failure in the EDP system.

FALSE ALARM An alarm signal and annunciation that was originated by any
source other than an intrusion or legitimate alarm condition.

FALSE ALARM RATE, MONTHLY The number of false alarms per installation
per month.

FALSE ALARM RATIO The ratio of false alarms to total alarms; may be
expressed as a percentage or as a simple ratio.

FALSE PLUG See Plug Follower.

FAR POINT The farthest object from the camera whose image is still
acceptably sharp when the camera is focused at a given distance. See
also Depth of Field.

FARADAY SHIELD Also called Faraday Screen or Faraday Cage. A network of
parallel wires connected to a common conductor at one end to provide
electrostatic shielding without affecting electromagnetic waves. The
common conductor is usually grounded.

FAST LENS A lens which has a large relative aperture, or small f‑number,
for example, f/1.2. See also Lens Speed.

FAST PIN HINGE A hinge in which the pin is fastened permanently in
place.

FATIGUE Structural failure of a material caused by repeated fluctuating
application of stresses, none of which is individually sufficient to
cause failure.

FAULT A signal that indicates an abnormal line condition (trouble) or an
alarm.

FC Footcandle.

FCC Federal Communications Commission. A United States government
organization responsible for regulating the use of electromagnetic
radiation. Many security devices communicate through the air and come
under FCC regulation.

FEEDBACK Energy coupled from the output of a circuit to its input.

FEEDERS The main lines delivering power to a distribution system.

FENCE ALARM Any of several types of sensors used to detect the presence
of an intruder near a fence or any attempt by him to climb over, go
under, or cut through the fence.

FENCE, CAPACITANCE A fence which uses insulated wires as plates of a
capacitor. A person\'s body close to or touching the wires changes the
capacitance of the fence, activating an alarm circuit.

FENCE, ELECTROMAGNETIC A fence composed of wires which are electrically
insulated from the fence posts. Electronic equipment is employed to set
up an electromagnetic field between the wires. A person disturbing the
field by going close to or through the fence causes an alarm to be
initiated.

FENCE, RIBBON A barbed metal tape used for repelling intruders. See also
Barbed Tape and Concertina.

FENCE SENSOR An alarm sensor that detects an intruder on or near a
fence. The category includes vibration, taut wire, and electret cable
type sensors.

FIA See Factory Insurance Association.

FIBER OPTICS A light or image transmission system that consists of light
transmitting fibers. Fiber optic systems capable of transmitting light,
but not images, are called non‑coherent. Image transmission systems are
called coherent. The image resolution capability is a function of the
size and number of fiber optic links. A bundle may consist of several
thousand fibers that are each just a few thousandths of an inch in
diameter. Fiber optic links do not emanate electromagnetic radiation
along their length and are difficult to detect electronically once
concealed. This makes fiber optic links a desirable high security data
transmission method.

FIDELITY LOSS A property loss resulting from a theft in which the thief
leaves no evidence of entry.

FIELD 1. A specified part of a record. For example, card columns; sets
of bits in a computer word. A field is always used to record the same
type of information, such as a person\'s name, social security number,
etc. 2. The space area in which there exists a force such as that
produced by an electrically charged object, a current, or a magnet. 3.
The area covered or \"seen\" by a camera or lens. 4. In video, a
complete scanning sequence from the top of a picture screen to the
bottom. Interlaced scanning combines two fields that are one line apart
in position on the picture tube.

FIELD DISTURBANCE SENSOR Any type of sensor that uses disruption of a
radiated or ambient energy field to initiate an alarm. Ported coax is an
example of a field disturbance sensor.

FIELD EXPANDABLE A device or system that is designed for acceptable ease
of modification at the point of installation rather than at the factory.

FIELD FREQUENCY In video, the number of fields that are transmitted per
second. Sixty fields per second is the standard used in the United
States. See also Field.

FIELD LENS In reference to video, a lens that effects the transfer of an
image formed by an optical system.

FIELD OF VIEW (FOV) The image area transmitted by a lens. This area is a
function of the lens focal length and the distance from the lens to the
subject or area viewed.

FIELD SENSOR TEST 1. A method of activating a sensor located in the
field from a central location for the purpose of verifying correct
operation of the sensor. 2. The act of field testing various sensors.

FILAMENT That part of an incandescent lamp, composed of resistance wire,
which becomes luminous when heated by the passage of electric current.

FILE KEY See Pattern Key #1.

FILLER PLATE A metal plate used to fill unwanted mortise cutouts in a
door or frame.

FILL IN LIGHT Secondary illumination directed to illuminate shadow areas
and avoid excess brightness range. Also known as a fill light.

FILM CAMERA A surveillance camera that uses a photomechanical process
for producing an image as opposed to an electronic (television) process.
Film cameras commonly use 16 mm or 35 mm film and operate intermittently
and/or upon activation. Film cameras provide a permanent photographic
image that must be developed through a chemical process. It is sometimes
referred to as a bank camera.

FILTER A device used with CCTV or photographic cameras to control the
amount or the quality of the light reaching the image plane. Filters are
normally placed on the lens or in a receptacle just behind the lens
mounting and before the image plane. Filters are classified into a
number of different categories. A filter that cuts down the amount of
light without changing the quality of the light is called a neutral
density filter. Polarizing filters cut down on glare. Colored filters
minimize or highlight the effects of various colors in a scene. Filter
numbers refer to density and hue.

FILTER FACTOR The number by which the unfiltered correct exposure must
be multiplied to obtain the same exposure with the filter.

FILTER, ULTRAVIOLET A light filter which transmits ultraviolet and
absorbs visible light.

FINGERPRINT READER A high security identification or access control
device that identifies individuals by fingerprints (or thumbprints). The
system uses a central computer and finger print scanners. Individuals
using the system must first have their fingerprints recorded by the
central computer via a scanner. This data base is then used for
comparison against the fingerprints of persons desiring entry or exit.

FINISH A material, coloring and/or texturing specification.

FINISH BUILDERS\' HARDWARE Hardware that has a finished appearance as
well as a functional purpose and which may be considered as part of the
decorative treatment of a room or building. Also called finish hardware
and builders\' finish hardware.

FIRE ALARM BOX See Pull Station.

FIRE INTEGRITY WINDOWS Ability to remain intact in the frame during a
fire, thereby allowing no additional oxygen to enter to aid combustion.
The pane may crack or fracture, but will still maintain its integrity.

FIRE STAIR Any enclosed stairway which is part of a fire resistant
exitway.

FIRE STAIR DOOR A door forming part of the fire resistant fire stair
enclosure, and providing access from common corridors to fire stair
landings within an exit way.

FIREMAN\'S KEY A key used to override normal operation of elevators,
bringing them to the ground floor.

FIRMWARE Hardwired computer logic for performing functions previously or
normally done by programs. Software and hardware that interact so
closely and mutually that the functions are inseparable. Current state
art firmware is in chip form: ROM, RAM, PROM, ETC.

FIRST GENERATION DUPLICATE A key which was duplicated using a factory
original key or code original key as a pattern.

FIRST KEY Any key produced without the use of a pattern.

FISH EYE An extremely wide angle lens, having an angle of view of 180
degrees or more, which produces a circular image in which vertical and
horizontal straight lines are distorted into curves away from the center
of the image.

FIVE COLUMN PROGRESSION A process wherein key bittings are obtained by
using the cut possibilities in five columns of the key bitting array.

FIVE LEVEL SYSTEM Level V ‑ great great grand master key (GGGMK), key
symbol ‑ GGGMK, Level IV ‑ great grand master key (GGMK), key symbol ‑
A, B, etc., Level III ‑ grand master key (GMK), key symbol ‑ AA, AB,
etc., Level II ‑ master key (MK), key symbol AAA, AAB, etc., Level I ‑
change key (CK), key symbol AAA1, AAA2, etc.

FIVE PIN MASTER KEY A master key for all combinations obtained by
progressing five bittings positions.

FIXED DATA Normally, unchanging information that is entered or
programmed into a device.

FIXED FOCUS LENS A lens set at a position (called the hyper‑focal point)
that, within the limits of the definition of the lens, allows a sharp
reproduction of the subject from infinity to some near point.

FIXED PROTECTION In place intrusion system requiring 24 hour
surveillance such as duress, walls, floors, windows, skylights and
emergency exits, normally not turned off when the protected location is
entered.

FIXED TEMPERATURE HEAT DETECTOR A detector that initiates an alarm when
the internal sensing element reaches its rated operating temperature.
Different types of fixed temperature heat detectors include those that
use both the fusible link variety and bimetallic strips or disks. The
bimetallic detectors operate a set of contacts when the sensing element
bends due to the different coefficients of expansion of the two metals
comprising the element. Fusible link type detectors consist of two
conductors separated by a material that melts away at a predetermined
temperature allowing the conductors to complete a circuit. Bimetallic
type detectors are restorable; fusible link types must have their
elements replaced after alarming.

FLAGGING The deterioration of image quality at the top of an image on a
video screen. It is the result of improper tension in videotape during
playback.

FLAME DETECTOR A sensor that detects the light output from a flame. A
photoelectric cell responds to any light ranging from ultraviolet to
infrared. Flames produce energy emissions in the 8‑12 Hz range. The
flame detector circuitry only recognizes a series of pulses in the 10 Hz
region and, therefore, ignores all other unrelated light sources.

FLANGE A metal ring used to fasten a lens and/or a shutter to the front
of a camera. The part of a lens barrel used as a coating surface in
coupling the lens to a camera body. When the lens is mounted on the
camera, the camera flange and the lens flange are in contact. Not all
cameras or lenses have flanges.

FLANGE FOCAL DISTANCE The distance from the locating surface of the lens
mount to the focal plane.

FLARE Ghost images produced by internal reflections in the lens, lens
mount and camera body, caused by light from a bright source incident on
the external surface of the lens.

FLAT LIGHTING Illumination that minimizes contrast and shadows, such as
front, diffused, or bounce lighting.

FLATNESS OF FIELD Appearance of the image to be flat, a plane in the
object is imaged as a plane.

FLAW A procedural, mechanical or electrical fault which permits
circumventing the access control process.

FLEXIBLE HEAD MORTISE CYLINDER An adjustable mortise cylinder which can
be extended against spring pressure to a slightly longer length.

FLOATING MASTER KEY 1. See Unassociated Master Key. 2. See Selective
Master Key.

FLOOD LAMP A lamp or lighting unit producing a broad beam or flood of
light. Colloquially used as a contraction for photoflood lamp.

FLOOR ANCHOR A metal device attached to the wall side of a jamb at its
base to secure the frame to the floor.

FLOOR CLEARANCE The width of the space between the bottom of a door and
the rough or finished floor or threshold.

FLOOR CONTACT A magnetic contact housed in a heavy metal enclosure
designed for floor mounting. Floor contacts have wide gap specifications
and are used primarily for overhead rolling metal doors. Also called
overhead door contact.

FLOOR MASTER KEY A master key which operates all or most cylinders on a
particular floor of a building.

FLOOR MAT See Mat Switch.

FLOOR SENSOR A type of floor mat that triggers an alarm when the weight
of a person or object is place upon it. Also called an area mat.

FLOOR TRAP A trap installed so as to detect the movement of a person
across a floor space, such as a trip wire switch or mat switch.

FLOPPY DISK A flexible magnetic media in the form of a thin disk
enclosed within a special package. It is used for data storage and
retrieval in computers.

FLOPPY TAPE Name given to small cartridge tape drives; lower in cost and
capability than larger system drives but ideal for micro and
mini‑computers. Greater storage capacity than floppy disks but not
suitable for on‑line, random access. Used for back‑up storage.

FLUCTUATION A surge or dip in voltage amplitude, often caused by load
switching or fault clearing.

FLUORESCENCE The process by which a substance absorbs electromagnetic
radiation at one wavelength and emits visible light at a longer wave
length. The excitation producing the visible light can be in forms other
than electromagnetic radiation, such as high speed electrons.

FLUORESCENCE PHOTOGRAPHY The photographic recording of visible light
emitted from an object irradiated with ultraviolet light.

FLUORESCENT LAMP A lamp in which the radiant energy (ultra‑violet light)
from an electric discharge is transformed by suitable materials
(phosphors) into visible light, giving higher luminance.

FLUOROSCOPY The application of CCTV with fluoroscopic X‑ray to produce a
brighter and sharper display that can be viewed on a TV monitor or
videotaped.

FLUSH BOLT A door bolt so designed that, when installed, the operating
handle is flush with the face or edge of the door. Usually installed at
the top and bottom of the inactive door of a double door.

FLUSH DOOR A smooth surfaced door having faces which are plain and which
conceal its rails and stiles or other structure.

F NUMBER The ratio of the focal length of a lens to the diameter of the
lens opening. It is written as the lower case f followed by a slash,
followed by the numerical ratio. For example, if the diaphragm of a lens
is set so that it is 5 mm in diameter, and its focal length is 40 mm,
the f number is 8 and is written f/8.

FOCAL LENGTH The distance from the second (image) principal plane of a
lens to the focal plane, for an object at infinity. For the simple case
of a thin lens, this is the distance from the center of a lens to the
point at which an infinitely distant object is focused.

FOCAL PLANE The plane containing the focal point, perpendicular to the
lens axis.

FOCAL POINT The point at which light rays, passing through a lens or
reflected from a concave mirror, are concentrated.

FOCUS 1. The point at which light rays or an electron beam form a
minimum size spot, thus producing the sharpest image. 2. The process of
concentrating light or electron beams to a fine spot.

FOCUS CONTROL In video, the control that adjusts the electron beam of a
picture or pickup tube to the narrowest possible beam. This helps to
produce a detailed image.

FOCUSING MAGNIFIER A lens through which the image on the focusing screen
of a camera is viewed for critical focusing.

FOCUSING SCALE A graduated scale on a lens barrel or a camera,
permitting focusing on a given subject by estimating its distance from
the camera and setting a pointer to that distance.

FOIL An electrically conductive ribbon available in long lengths for use
as a sensing circuit. Foils are normally between 0.001 and 0.003 inch in
thickness, and form 0.125 to 1.0 inch in width. It is most commonly used
on windows and similar applications. The metal strip completes an
electrical circuit that, if broken, causes an alarm condition. Also
called tape.

FOIL CONNECTOR An electrical terminal block that connects ends of a foil
circuit on a window or protected area to the sensor leads.

FOIL CROSSOVER An insulated bridge that passes foil over window dividers
and areas that are conductive to ground.

FOIL TAKE OFF BLOCK A device that terminates foil loops. Alarm circuit
wires are connected to a foil circuit at the take off block. Some types
feature a cover to hide connections and prevent damaging the foil
circuit leads.

FOIL TAKE OFF SWITCH A pair of metal contacts used in a foil circuit to
make an electrical connection between a door or window and the
corresponding door or window frame. Also serves as a contact switch.

FOLLOWER See Plug Follower.

FOOT BOLT A type of bolt applied at the bottom of a door and arranged
for foot operation. Generally the bolt head is held up by a spring when
the door is unbolted.

FOOT RAIL An inconspicuous holdup alarm sensor operated by a teller or
clerk using foot pressure. See also Foot Switch.

FOOT SWITCH A foot activated switch or other device that signals a
holdup alarm. See also Foot Rail.

FOOTCANDLE (FC) A measurement of light intensity. The term is based on
the luminance of a surface or object located one foot from a
standardized candlepower light source. Night vision devices and CCTV low
light cameras are often rated with the minimum footcandles of light that
they require to produce an image.

FOOTLAMBERT A unit of light measurement that applies to emitted or
reflected light. A footlambert is equal to the amount of light reflected
or emitted from a perfect diffusing surface at the rate of one lumen per
foot.

FORCED ENTRY An unauthorized entry accomplished by the use of force upon
the physical components of the premises.

FOREGROUND That part of a scene closer to the camera than the main
subject.

FOREIGN NATIONALS All persons not citizens or, not nationals of, or
immigrant aliens to the U.S.

FORM A SWITCH A commonly used single‑pole, single‑throw, normally open
switch configuration. (See Appendix B for a complete table of switch
configurations.)

FORMULA See Key Bitting Array.

FOUR COLUMN PROGRESSION A process wherein key bittings are obtained by
using the cut possibilities in four columns of the key bitting array.

FOUR LEVEL SYSTEM Level IV ‑ great grand master key (GGMK), key symbol ‑
GGMK, Level III ‑ grand master key (GMK), key symbol ‑ A, B, etc., Level
II ‑ master key (MK), key symbol ‑ AA, AB, etc., Level I ‑ change key
(CK), key symbol ‑ AA1, AA2, etc.

FOUR PIN MASTER KEY A master key for all combinations obtained by
progressing four bitting positions.

FOV See Field of View.

FRAME 1. In video, the total area scanned when not blanking. A frame
equals one thirtieth of a second in the standard NTSC (525 line) format.
2. The component that forms the opening of and provides support for a
door, window, skylight, or hatchway. See also Door Frame. FRAME,
CROSS‑CONNECT See Frame, Wiring

FRAME FREQUENCY The number of times per second that a video frame is
scanned. The U.S. standard is 30 frames per second.

FRAME GASKET Resilient material in strip form attached to frame stops to
provide tight closure of a door or window.

FRAME, WIRING An array of terminal blocks used to accomplish the
interconnections between separated components of the system. In general,
these interconnections (e.g., between the central office trunks and the
CTS switching network, or between the telephones sets and the switching
network) involve arrangements which are unique to each individual
installation and cannot be built into the CTS. Wiring frames are usually
composed of 66 type or 88 type wiring blocks.

FREE APERTURE (FILM APERTURE) The mask inside the camera determining the
boundaries to which the film will be exposed. This determines the
format.

FREQUENCY A rate of oscillation or vibration. For light and other
electromagnetic waves, the rate of oscillation of the electromagnetic
field propagating the waves. The frequency of the light determines its
color.

FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEX A method of data transmission where
multiple signals share a single transmission band or signal path by
allotting specific frequencies (channels) within the band to each
separate signal. In this way, various alarms or data signals are encoded
on the transmission end of a line and decoded at the receive end.

FREQUENCY INTERLACE The incorporation of both black and white and color
sideband signals into the same channel bandwidth.

FREQUENCY JAMMING See jamming.

FREQUENCY RESPONSE An expression of the capability of a device to
transmit or receive a given range of frequencies.

FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING (FSK) A data transmission technique in which the
carrier frequency is modulated to represent binary values. Each of two
frequencies is designated as either a 1 or a 0.

FRESNEL LENS A relatively thin lens consisting of a series of concentric
stepped rings, each one being a section of a curved surface. The
combined effect of all the rings is the same as that of a simple lens
with the same diameter and curvature.

FRICTION HEAD A camera mount for tripods or other supports, which
provides a smooth frictional resistance to camera movement in order to
minimize irregularities of movement in panning.

FRONT‑END PROCESSING A computer or data processor connected between
input channels and a main computer, usually to pre‑process data before
entry into the main computer. This procedure saves time on the larger
computer, reducing overall cost.

FRONT (OF A LOCK) See Face Plate.

FRONT LENS 1. The first element of a lens system; that through which the
ray enters. 2. Sometimes used by lens manufacturers as a designation for
a supplementary lens to be placed in front of a lens system.

FRONT LIGHTING Illumination on the subject coming from near the camera
position.

FRONT PORCH In video, a portion of a composite picture signal that is
located between the start of the horizontal blanking pulse and the start
of the corresponding sync pulse.

FSK Frequency Shift Keying.

F‑STOP The setting, usually indicated on the lens barrel, which gives a
particular f‑number.

FULL APERTURE The maximum opening of a lens or lens diaphragm.

FULL CAPACITY TAP A full capacity tap is one through which the
transformer can deliver its rated KVA output without exceeding the
specified temperature rise.

FULL DUPLEX A data communications system capable of sending data in both
directions on the same communications link simultaneously. See also Half
Duplex and Simplex.

FUNCTION KEY A control switch on a keyboard or keypad that has a
dedicated function, such as acknowledge. Depressing a single function
key causes one or more actions to occur within a system.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS A statement of requirements which defines the
action to be performed by the product or system.

G

GAIN 1. A video term for contrast. 2. An audio term for volume. 3. An
electrical term for amplified power levels.

GAMMA A numerical value of the degree of contrast in a television
picture, which is the exponent of that power law used to approximate the
curve of output magnitude versus input magnitude over the region of
interest.

GAMMA CORRECTION The inclusion, in a video camera amplifier, of
circuitry that compensates for nonlinear color amplification in the
camera. It is more important in color imaging than in black and white.

GAS DETECTOR A sensor that can detect the presence of specific gases or
vapors and initiate an alarm.

GATE 1. A notch in the end of a lever tumbler, which when aligned with
the fence of the lock bolt allows the bolt to be withdrawn from the
strike. 2. A notch in the rim of a combination lock wheel which when
correctly aligned with other gates forms a receptacle for the fence.

GAUGE KEY 1. See depth key set. 2. See set‑up key.

GEL‑CELL BATTERY A battery that uses a gelled electrolyte. This type of
battery is permanently sealed and does not require periodic addition of
electrolyte.

GENERAL ALARM The annunciation of an evacuation or readiness alert
throughout a facility.

GENERAL CIRCULATION STAIR An interior stairway in a non‑elevator
building which provides access to upper floors.

GENLOCK Circuitry that synchronizes one or more devices to a standard
reference signal.

GENUINE KEY BLANK See Original Key Blank.

GEOMETRIC DISTORTION The distortion of an image in which the geometric
characteristics of the objects within the image area are reproduced in
improper proportion to their original shape.

GEOPHONE A seismic type sensor designed to be buried underground.
Geophones sense frequencies transmitted through the earth that are
either the result of activity below ground or on the surface.

GGGMK Great great grand master key.

GGM Great grand master key.

GGMK Great grand master key.

GGMK\'d Great grand master keyed.

GHOST IMAGES Spurious images due to the reflection of light by a bright
subject, by the elements of the lens, or by its mounting. See also
Flare.

GHOST KEY See Incidental Master Key.

GHOSTING Multiple images caused by video signal transmission echoes.

GIGAHERTZ (GHz) One billion cycles per second. Microwave frequencies
extend from 1 gigahertz (1000 megahertz) upwards.

GLASS BREAK DETECTOR An electronic sensing device that detects the
intermolecular frequencies generated by breaking glass. Other types
employ a contact microphone or piezoelectric circuitry to sense a break.

GLASS BREAK VIBRATION DETECTOR A vibration detection system which
employs a contact microphone attached to a glass window to detect
cutting or breakage of the glass.

GLASS DOOR A door made from thick glass, usually heat tempered, and
having no structural metal stiles.

GLASS FILTER A light filter consisting of an optically flat glass
containing light absorbing pigment.

GLASS STOP See Glazing Bead.

GLAZING Any transparent or translucent material used in windows or doors
to admit light.

GLAZING BEAD A strip of trim or a sealant such as caulking or glazing
compound, which placed around the perimeter of a pane of glass or other
glazing to secure it to a frame.

GLAZING COMPOUND A soft, dough like material used for filling and
sealing the spaces between a pane of glass and its surrounding frame
and/or stops.

GLITCH A horizontal bar that may be observed moving vertically on a
television monitor. A defect in a video tape that causes improper
playback.

GM Grand Master Key.

GMK Grand Master Key.

GMK SECTION Grand Master Key Section.

GMK\'d Grand Master Keyed.

GRADE A SYSTEM A U.L. specification for an alarm signaling system that
must respond to both an increase and a decrease in either resistance or
current within certain required limits.

GRADE AA SYSTEM A grade A alarm signaling system that also provides line
security.

GRADE B SYSTEM A U.L. specification for an alarm signaling circuit that
must provide supervision of the protection circuit, but does not have to
conform to the full requirements of a grade A system.

GRADE BB SYSTEM A grade B alarm signaling system that also provides line
security.

GRADE CC SYSTEM A grade C alarm signaling system that complies with
grade A or B requirements relating to electrical equipment and grade C
protection service requirements.

GRADUATED DRIVERS 1. A set of top pins of different lengths. Usage is
based on the height of the rest of the pin stack, in order to achieve a
uniform pin stack height. 2. See compensate drivers #1.

GRAND MASTER KEY The key which operates two or more separate groups of
locks, which are each operated by a different master key.

GRAND MASTER KEYED Of or pertaining to a lock or cylinder which is or is
to be keyed into a grand master key system.

GRAND MASTER KEY SECTION 1. See Multi Section Key Blank. 2. See Section
Key Blank.

GRAND MASTER KEY SYSTEM A master key system which has exactly three
levels of keying.

GRAPHIC ANNUNCIATOR A mimic board that has special graphics to delineate
alarm zones or sensor locations. A graphic annunciator can present an
overall picture of system status on a map or facility outline which will
indicate the location and current reporting condition of each sensor.

GRAPHICS GENERATOR A device used in video display systems to produce
lines and shapes for the creation of maps, illustrations, or symbols not
possible with ordinary text characters.

GRAPHOLOGY The science of handwriting analysis.

GRATING, BAR TYPE An open grip assembly of metal bars in which the
bearing bars, running in one direction, are spaced by rigid attachment
to cross bars running perpendicular to them or by bent connecting bars
extending between them.

GRAY SCALE Variations in value from white, through shades of gray, to
black on a television screen. The gradations approximate the tonal
values of the original image picked up by the TV camera.

GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY The key which operates two or more separate
groups of locks which are each operated by a different grand master key.

GREAT GRAND MASTER KEYED Of or pertaining to a lock or cylinder which is
or is to be keyed into a great grand master key system.

GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY SYSTEM A master key system which has exactly four
levels of keying.

GREAT GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY The key which operates two or more separate
groups of locks which are each operated by different great grand master
keys.

GREAT GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY SYSTEM A master key system which has five
or more levels of keying.

GREEN PHOSPHOR CRT A cathode ray tube with a coating of green
fluorescing phosphor on the image area. The image has a green hue. Green
phosphor crt\'s are used for data and graphics displays.

GRID 1. An arrangement of electrically conducting wire, screen, or
tubing placed in front of doors or windows or both which is used as part
of a capacitance sensor. 2. A lattice of wooden dowels or slats
concealing fine wires in a closed circuit which initiates an alarm
signal when forcing or cutting the lattice breaks the wires. Used over
accessible openings. Sometimes called a protective screen. Also see
Burglar Alarm Pad. 3. A screen or metal plate, connected to earth
ground, sometimes used to provide a stable ground reference for objects
protected by a capacitance sensor. If placed against the walls near the
protected object, it prevents the sensor sensitivity from extending
through the walls into areas of activity.

GRID SENSOR An array of wires or electrified screening that protects
areas or openings, such as skylights and crawl spaces. It may use broken
circuit or capacitance techniques to sense intrusion. See also Burglar
Alarm Pad.

GRILLE A ridged screen or grate mounted over an opening to prevent
entry.

GROOVING See Key Milling.

GROUND A point in an electrical/electronics system that has zero
voltage. Usually, the chassis of an electronics component is at ground
potential and serves as the return path for signals as well as power
circuits. The shields on all cables are at ground potential to avoid hum
pickup.

GROUND CONDUIT A conduit used solely to contain one or more grounding
conductors.

GROUND FAULT An unintentional electrical path between a part operating
normally at some potential to ground, and ground.

GROUND FAULT 1. A malfunction of an alarm circuit caused by contact with
electrical ground. 2. The flowing of power (from phase to ground)
through an external path not designed as a conductor.

GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTER A fixed or portable protective device used in
electrical installations. A ground fault indicator switches off power
automatically if there is a variance in current between the positive and
grounding wires of more than a given limit.

GROUND GRID A system of grounding electrodes interconnected by bare
cables buried in the earth to provide lower resistance than a single
grounding electrode.

GROUND LOOP An undesirable condition that occurs when two or more
grounded points in an electrical system develop a conductive path
between them. A ground loop often serves as a radiating antenna for
electronic equipment connected to the loop by their ground wires.

GROUND RESISTANCE The ohmic resistance between a grounding electrode and
a remote or reference grounding electrode so spaced that their mutual
resistance is essentially zero.

GROUNDED CABLE BOND Cable bond used for grounding the armor and/or
sheath of cables.

GROUNDING Connecting one side of a circuit to the earth through low
resistance or low pedance paths. This helps prevent transmitting
electrical shock to personnel.

GROUNDING ELECTRODE A conductor embedded in the earth and used for
maintaining ground potential on conductors connected to it, or for
dissipating into the earth any current conducted to it.

GROUP 1 COMBINATION LOCK A lock that has a choice of at least 1,000,000
combinations, provided with an internal relocker and highly resistant to
expert manipulation.

GROUP 1R COMBINATION LOCK A lock that meets the requirements of a group
1 plus provides resistance to obtaining the combination through
radiological means.

GROUP 2 COMBINATION LOCK A lock that has a choice of at least 1,000,000
combinations, and is reasonably resistant to manipulation.

GROUT Mortar of such consistency that it will just flow into the joints
and cavities of masonry work and fill them solid.

GROUTED FRAME A frame in which all voids between it and the surrounding
wall are completely filled with the cement or plaster used in the wall
construction.

GSA APPROVED A designation for security containers and vault doors which
have been tested for compliance with Federal specifications developed by
the General Services Administration for the protection of classified
materials.

GUARD A properly trained and equipped individual whose duties include
the protection of a classified facility. Guards whose duties require
direct access to an accredited facility, or patrol within an accredited
facility, must meet the clearance criteria in Section III, of the
Security Procedures Manual, but need not be indoctrinated for access
into the program.

GUARD BAR A series of two or more cross bars, generally fastened to a
common back plate, to protect the glass or screen in a door.

GUARD KEY A key which must be used in conjunction with a renter\'s key
to unlock a safe deposit lock. It is usually the same for every lock
within an installation.

GUARD PLATE A piece of metal attached to a door frame, door edge, or
over the lock cylinder for the purpose of reinforcing the locking system
against burglary attacks.

GUARD TOUR Required guard patrols of specific areas, at specific times
or randomly within a defined time frame. May involve verification by
keying a tour station to produce a signal and record at a specific
point.

GUEST KEY A key in a hotel master key system which is normally used to
unlock only the one guest room for which it was intended, but will not
operate the lock in the shut out mode.

GUIDE That part of a key machine which follows the cuts of a pattern key
or template during duplication.

GUIDE KEYS See Depth Key Set.

H

HACKING Gaining improper access to a computer system, primarily through
telephone dial up procedures, solely for the sense of victory provided
by \"beating the system\". Usually not malicious, but could result in
inadvertent damage.

HAILEY BRIDGE A device that processes voice grade multiplex signals
between a subscriber and a central station. It provides active bridging
with up to 128 ports.

HALATION A diffused region that surrounds a bright image on a video
display screen.

HALF DUPLEX A data transmission system that is capable of sending data
in both directions over the same transmission line, but is limited to
communicating in only one direction at a time. In alarm data
transmission applications, some central stations may have the ability to
interrupt the remote sending station. See also Full Duplex and Simplex.

HALO A black area that forms around very bright objects on a video
display screen.

HAND (OF A DOOR) The opening direction of the door. A right handed (RH)
door is hinged on the right and swings inward when viewed from the
outside. A left handed (LH) door is hinged on the left and swings inward
when viewed from the outside. If either of these doors swings outward,
it is referred to as a right hand reverse (RHR) door or a left hand
reverse (LHR) door, respectively.

HAND CHANGE LOCK A combination lock on which the combination may be
changed without the use of special tools or a key. After disassembling
the lock, the numerical setting of the wheels (tumblers) is disengaged
by hand and relocated in another numerical position for changing the
combination.

HAND GEOMETRY READER A device used in access control applications to
uniquely identify an individual by reading the characteristics of the
individual\'s hand and comparing it to a programmed record.

HAND‑HELD METAL DETECTOR An electronic metal detector designed for hand
held use. It is used primarily for determining if an individual is
carrying concealed weapons. It operates on magnetic field disturbance
principles. Also called a frisker.

HANDLE Any grip type door pull. See also Lever Handle.

HANDSHAKE Generally, a tone produced by a digital receiver and
transmitted to a dialing communicator to indicate that the receiver has
acknowledged the dialer. Once the handshake is received by the
communicator, the communicator then sends a subscriber identity code and
the status of the monitored input.

HANDWRITING VERIFICATION SYSTEM See Signature Verification System.

HAPPY LIGHT An installer\'s term for a small light or LED on a digital
communicator that indicates the unit is in communication with the
receiver.

HARD COPY A printed copy, such as a computer printout.

HARD DISK A rigid magnetic data storage disk used in computer
peripherals. Unlike flexible or floppy disks, hard disks have a
considerable thickness and are composed of materials not designed to
tolerate flexing. Hard disks are generally capable of higher data
storage densities than flexible magnetic media.

HARD COPY DOCUMENT Any document that is initially published and
distributed by the originating component in paper form and that is not
stored or transmitted by electrical means.

HARD COPY PRINTER An electromechanical device that produces characters
upon paper with ink, carbon, or by electrostatic process. Hard copy
printers provide a permanent printed record of alarm system events as
they occur, or from event data stored in memory or on magnetic media.

HARDWARE SCHEDULE A listing of the door hardware used on a particular
job. It includes the types of hardware, manufacturers, locations,
finishes, and sizes. It should include a keying schedule specifying how
each locking device is to be keyed.

HARDWIRE 1. Any circuit in which current is carried between two points
using electrical wire or a similar physical conductive interconnection
media. 2. Alarm points that use individual home runs as opposed to
multiplex or wireless. 3. Direct physical connection of an electrical
device or circuit to a building electrical system or another circuit, as
opposed to the use of plugs, jack or other disconnects.

HARMONIC Sinusoidal component of an AC voltage that is a multiple of the
fundamental waveform frequency.

HARMONIC DISTORTION The presence of harmonics that change an AC voltage
waveform from sinusoidal to complex.

HASP 1. A fastening device which consists of a hinged plate with a slot
on it that fits over a fixed D shaped ring, or eye. 2. In computers, the
Houston Automatic Spooling Program, a technique for conserving CPU
memory by parking jobs on disk memory until they can be executed or
printed.

HATCHWAY An opening in a ceiling, roof or floor of a building which is
large enough to allow human access.

HEAD Top horizontal member of a door or window frame.

HEAD END The primary transmission or receive source in a system,
especially in CATV.

HEAD STIFFENER A heavy gauge metal angle or channel section placed
inside, and attached to, the head of a wide door frame to maintain its
alignment: not a load carrying member.

HEAT DETECTOR A sensor device that detects the presence of heat, with or
without the simultaneous presence of smoke or fire. There are two types
of heat detectors: fixed temperature and rate rise. Infrared motion
sensors are technically a type of heat sensor, but they are only used to
detect motion. They detect a change in heat in the protected area caused
by a person or object. Heat detectors are sometimes called thermal
sensors. See also fixed temperature heat detector and rate rise heat
detector.

HEAT SENSOR 1. A sensor which responds to either a local temperature
above a selected value, a local temperature increase which is at a rate
of increase greater than a preselected rate (rate of rise), or both. 2.
A sensor which responds to infrared radiation from a remote source such
as a person.

HEAT SWITCH A switch that consists of a bimetallic strip which closes a
set of electrical contacts when ambient heat reaches a specified level.
It is used as a sensor, primarily for fire systems.

HEATER BLANKET A device that keeps electronic circuitry warm. The
blanket keeps the circuitry at or above 40 degrees Fahrenheit and uses a
thermostat to control temperature.

HELICAL SCAN A record/playback head used in video tape machines. The
tape travels in a diagonal path as it passes around the rounded tape
path. The head rotates, scanning the tape in a helical path.

HELL OF A PADLOCK That end of the shackle on a padlock which is not
removable from the case.

HERMAPHRODITIC CONNECTOR An electrical cable connector that mates with
any connector of the same design without regard to male or female
configuration.

HERTZ (Hz) A frequency unit equal to one cycle per second.

HETERO‑JUNCTION In tv image pickup tubes, a diode type target structure.

H FIELD SENSOR A passive sensor which detects changes in the earth\'s
ambient magnetic field caused by the movement of an intruder. Also see E
Field Sensor.

HGMK Horizontal Group Master Key.

HIERARCHAL SYSTEM A system utilizing a classification of items by rank
or order, based on magnitude. For example: bit; byte; character; word;
block; record; file; bank. In a computer system, an arrangement of nodes
with progressive levels of processing capabilities.

HIGH CONTRAST IMAGE A picture in which strong contrast between light and
dark areas is visible. Intermediate values, however, may be missing.

HIGH LINE SUPERVISION See Class A and Class B Electronic Line
Supervision.

HIGH SECURITY CYLINDER A cylinder which offers a greater degree of
resistance to any or all of the following: picking, impressioning, key
duplication, drilling or other forms of forcible entry.

HIGH SECURITY KEY A key for high security cylinder.

HKP Housekeeper\'s key.

HIGH BIASED MAGNETIC CONTACT See Balanced Magnetic Switch.

HIGH FREQUENCY DISTORTION Distortion effects which occur at high
frequencies. In television, generally considered as any frequency above
the 15.75 kHz line frequency.

HIGH RESOLUTION MONITOR Generally, a crt display unit that has a
horizontal resolution greater than standard line monitors. Increasing
the number of lines of picture information displayed results in a
sharper picture that has an improved detail.

HIGH SECURITY Security devices which, through testing, have been
determined to provide the highest level of protection available.
Category includes locks, hasps, and alarms.

HIGHLIGHTS The maximum brightness of the tv picture, which occurs in
regions of highest illumination.

HIGHWAY An electrical bus or major circuit pathway.

HINGE A device generally consisting of two metal plates having loops
formed along one edge of each to engage and rotate about a common pivot
rod or \"pin\"; used to suspend a swinging door or window in its frame.

HINGE BACKSET The distance from the edge of a hinge to the stop at the
side of a door or window.

HINGE EDGE OR HINGE STILE The vertical edge or stile of a door or window
to which hinges or pivots are attached.

HINGE REINFORCEMENT A metal plate attached to a door or frame to receive
a hinge.

HISTORICAL LOGGING The chronological recording of system events. If
recorded on a computerized system, it is possible to program the ability
to recall records of specific alarms, individuals granted access, or
virtually any type of data required.

HISTORY FILE A log of recorded events that relate to system or facility
security activity over a period of time.

HOLD AND VARY See Rotating Constant Method.

HOLD‑BACK FEATURE A mechanism on a latch which serves to hold the latch
bolt in the retracted position.

HOLDING FIXTURE A device which holds cylinder plugs, cylinders,
housings, and/or cores to facilitate the installation of tumblers,
springs and/or spring covers.

HOLD OPEN CYLINDER A cylinder provided with a special cam which will
hold a latch bolt in the retracted position when so set by the key.

HOLDUP ALARM An alarm that originates from a point where holdup
protection is required, such as a bank teller window or store cash
register. It is usually a silent alarm to protect the cashier.

HOLDUP ALARM SYSTEM, AUTOMATIC An alarm system which employs a holdup
alarm device, in which the signal transmission is initiated solely by
the action of the intruder, such as a money clip in a cash drawer.

HOLDUP ALARM SYSTEM, MANUAL A holdup alarm system in which the signal
transmission is initiated by the direct action of the person attacked or
of an observer of the attack.

HOLDUP BUTTON A manually actuated mechanical switch used to initiate a
duress alarm signal; usually constructed to minimize accidental
activation.

HOLDUP CAMERA A film or video surveillance camera placed to observe
areas that are protected against holdup.

HOLLERITH CARD An access control card that is encoded by punching a
specific pattern of small holes in the card. These holes are interpreted
mechanically or optically by a Hollerith type card reader.

HOLLOW CORE DOOR A door constructed so that the space (core) between the
two facing sheets is not completely filled. Various spacing and
reinforcing materials are used to separate the facing sheets; some
interior hollow core doors have nothing except perimeter stiles and
rails separating the facing sheets.

HOLLOW DRIVER A top pin hollowed out on one end to receive the spring,
typically used in cylinders with extremely limited clearance in the pin
chambers.

HOLLOW METAL Hollow items such as doors, frames, partitions, and
enclosures which are usually fabricated from cold formed metal sheet,
often carbon steel.

HOMERUN A wiring method in which each individual sensor is directly
connected to the annunciator or the alarm processing monitor, as opposed
to a multiplex system which employs only a few interconnecting wires
shared by the sensors and the central alarm processor.

HOMING SEQUENTIAL SWITCHER A video switcher that can automatically
switch from camera to camera, zeroing in or homing on any camera
associated with an alarm condition. The amount of time that each view
remains on the monitor screen (dwell time) may be varied. Cameras may be
eliminated from the sequence or selected for extended viewing by manual
command.

HOOD CONTACT A switch which is used for the supervision of a closed safe
or vault door. Usually installed on the outside surface of the protected
door.

HORIZONTAL (HUM) BARS Relatively broad horizontal bars, alternately
black and white, which extend over the entire picture. They may be
stationary or may move up or down. Sometimes referred to as a \"venetian
blind\" effect, it is caused by an interfering frequency of approximate
60 hertz or one of its harmonic frequencies.

HORIZONTAL BLANKING In video, the period during which the crt beam is
momentarily turned off while returning from the right of the screen to
the beginning of the next horizontal scan.

HORIZONTAL GROUP MASTER The two pin master key for all combinations
listed in all blocks in a line across the page in the standard
progression format.

HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION In a video frame, the amount of picture
information that can be displayed in one horizontal scan line. Also
called horizontal definition.

HORIZONTAL RETRACE The return of the electron beam from the right to the
left side of the raster after the scanning of one line.

HORIZONTAL SLIDING WINDOW A type of window, composed of two sections,
one or both of which slide horizontally past the other.

HOST COMPUTER The main controlling computer in a system. A host computer
may coordinate the activities of one or more peripheral computers or
microprocessors that have dedicated tasks (such as access control
readers).

HOUSEKEEPER\'S KEY A selective master key in a hotel master key system
which may operate all guest and linen rooms and other housekeeping
areas.

HOUSING That part of a locking device which is designed to hold a core.

HUE The dominant wavelength of light representing the color of an
object. It is the redness, blueness, greenness, etc., of an object.

HUM Electrical disturbance at the power supply frequency or harmonics
thereof.

HUM MODULATION Modulation of a radio frequency, or detected signal, by
hum.

Hz See Hertz.

I

IC See Integrated Circuit.

IEEE Abbreviation for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

ILLUMINANCE Luminous flux incident per unit area of a surface; luminous
incidence. (The use of the term illuminance for this quantity conflicts
with its more general meaning.)

ILLUMINATION Application of light to an object.

IMAGE BURN See Retained Image.

IMAGE ENHANCER A device that refines a video signal for improved image
definition.

IMAGE INTENSIFIER A device that uses fiber optics to increase the
sensitivity of a television image pickup tube. It is available in single
and dual stage models.

IMAGE ISOCON A tv image pickup tube of the return beam type with high
sensitivity. Characterized by low blooming, high resolution, low lag,
and large intrascene dynamic range. Suit able for low light
applications.

IMAGE PICKUP TUBE The general term for several types of tubes used in
video cameras for the purpose of converting an optical image to
electrical information for transmission to a display unit. The image
pickup tube uses a photosensitive surface for the formation of an image
projected upon its surface by a lens or similar image forming device.
The photosensitive surface is sequentially scanned and the resulting
variations in light gradation are processed by camera circuitry.

IMAGE PLANE The surface upon which an image is formed in a camera. The
image plane is at a right angle to the optical axis. In a film camera,
film is positioned for exposure at the image plane. In a video camera,
the image plane is formed upon the surface of an image pickup tube.

IMITATION BLANK See Nonoriginal Key Blank.

IMPEDANCE An expression of combined resistance and reactance in an ac
circuit; that is, the total opposition that the circuit offers to an
alternating current. Impedance is measured in ohms. In video, 75 ohms is
the standard impedance for interfacing coaxial cable, and 124 ohms is
the standard impedance for balanced cable.

IMPEDANCE MATCHING To create an equal impedance for both a terminating
device and the circuit to which it is connected. This reduces
reflections and minimizes problems with signal flow.

IMPERSONATION The act of using another individual\'s password or user
I.D. in order to access files.

IMPRESSION 1. The mark made by a tumbler on its key cut. 2. To fit a key
by the impression technique.

IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE A means of fitting a key directly to a locked
cylinder by manipulating a blank in the keyway and cutting the blank
where the tumblers have made marks.

INACTIVE DOOR (OR LEAF) The leaf of a double door that is bolted when
closed; the strike plate is attached to this leaf to receive the latch
and bolt of the active leaf.

INCENDIARY DEVICE Any self contained device intended to create an
intense fire that can damage normally flame resistant or retardant
materials.

INCIDENT LIGHT The light that falls directly upon an object or scene, as
opposed to reflected light that has come in contact with at least one
surface.

INCIDENTAL MASTER KEY A key cut to an unplanned shearline created when
the cylinder is combinated to the top master key and a change key.

INCOMPLETE PARAMETER CHECKING A system fault which exists when all
parameters have not been fully checked for correctness and consistency
by the operating system, thus making the system vulnerable to
penetration.

INCREMENT A usually uniform increase or decrease in the successive
depths of a key cut which must be matched by a corresponding change in
the tumblers.

INDICATOR 1. A light source, electrical meter, or mechanical flag used
on a device to signal, alert, or describe an operational state. 2. A
device which provides visual evidence that a deadbolt is extended or
that a lock is in the shut out mode.

INDIRECT CODE See Blind Code.

INDIVIDUAL KEY 1. An operating key for a lock or cylinder which is not
part of a keying system. 2. See Change Key #1.

INDOCTRINATION The initial security instruction given a person prior to
granting access to classified information.

INDUCED AC A condition caused when low voltage wiring is placed in close
proximity to high voltage wiring. The higher voltage may induce some
voltage or may interfere with the lower voltage line. This can be
especially damaging when microprocessor based equipment is used. Induced
ac is most likely to occur where low voltage wire are placed parallel
with a lengthy run of ac lines.

INDUCTANCE The tendency of a circuit or component to oppose a change in
current flow. Inductance is a function of the magnetic field associated
with a flowing current.

INDUSTRIAL DEFENSE Refers to all nonmilitary measures to assure the
uninterrupted productive capability of vital facilities and attendant
resources essential to mobilization. These measures are designed to
prevent or minimize loss of disruption of productive capability from any
cause or hazard and to provide for the rapid restoration of production
after any damage.

INERTIA SENSOR A sensor that causes an alarm condition when it has
experienced a change in movement. Inertia and vibration sensors are
usually daisy chained in a single circuit and connected to a local
control device. These sensors normally employ a conductive weight
resting on contacts. When the conductive weight is sufficiently
disturbed, the circuit is broken. Some inertia sensors have a
sensitivity adjustment.

INFORMATION SECURITY Safeguarding all information, ideas,
correspondence, etc., which have been printed, written, or verbalized by
a person, organization, or government.

INFRARED (IR) A range of frequencies located just below the visible red
spectrum. Infrared radiation has a number of applications in security,
including sensors, alarm data transmission, and night vision devices.

INFRARED CARD READER A card access system that uses an infrared light
source to read information encoded in an access control card. It
operates on the optical density principle.

INFRARED ILLUMINATOR A device that projects infrared light to provide
added illumination for infrared cameras and viewing devices.

INFRARED MOTION DETECTOR A passive, low power, area protection device
that detects a change in ambient temperature within the detector
coverage pattern caused by the movement of a body. Infrared motion
detectors contain a segmented mirror that provides several fields of
view for the sensing element(s). Sensor circuitry stabilizes on a
protection pattern and generates an alarm when a moving object causes a
change in radiated energy levels within the coverage area. For example,
an individual moving through the protected area would produce moving
body heat that would cause an alarm. Most passive infrared detectors use
a series of individual pattern segments to detect movement from one
segment to the next. In this way, some devices can adjust individual
beam segments to avoid problem areas within a protection pattern. Since
a passive infrared sensor detects heat changes between beam segments,
these units are more sensitive to objects moving across the beam pattern
than to objects moving towards the sensor. Also called passive infrared
or PIR.

INFRARED SENSOR Either an active or passive sensor that uses infrared
technology for detection. It includes infrared motion detectors, heat
sensors, and photoelectric sensors.

INRUSH CURRENT The initial surge current demand before a load resistance
or impedance increases to its normal operating value. In a solenoid or
coil, the steady state current drawn from the line with the armature in
its maximum position.

INSTANT CIRCUIT An input on an alarm control panel that produces an
alarm immediately upon circuit fault. See also delay circuit and 24 hour
circuit.

INTEGRAL FRAME A metal door frame in which the jambs and head have
stops, trim and backbends all formed from one piece of material.

INTEGRAL LOCK (OR LATCH) See Preassembled Lock.

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) A microminiature circuit produced on a tiny chip
of silicon or similar conductive material. A complete microprocessor can
be placed on a single chip with an area that is approximately 0.06 ‑
0.19 inch square. The tiny circuit is usually mounted in a holder called
a dual pin (DIP) package that has a series of electrical connection
leads. The term often refers to the whole device, including the package
in which the integrated circuit is contained.

INTEGRATED SYSTEM A single system having several functions, such as
security and life safety monitoring, access control, and energy
management.

INTEGRATOR CIRCUIT See Accumulator Circuit.

INTELLIGENCE The product resulting from the collection, evaluation,
analysis, integration and interpretation of all available information
which concerns one or more aspects of foreign nations or of areas of
foreign operations and which is immediately or potentially significant
to military planning and operations.

INTENSIFIED VIDICON A standard vidicon type tv image pickup tube of the
direct readout type coupled with fiber optics to an intensifier to
increase sensitivity.

INTENSIFIER SILICON INTENSIFIER TARGET (ISIT) Trade name for a tv image
pickup tube of the direct readout type designed for extremely low light
applications. Essentially a SIT tube with an additional intensifier
fiber optically coupled to provide increased sensitivity.

INTERACTIVE DISPLAY TERMINAL A crt display and keyboard used to
interface to a central processing monitor. An operator may enter data
and command system functions via the keyboard. Prompting by the
computer, with a response by the operator, is called interactive
dialogue.

INTERCHANGE See Key Interchange.

INTERCHANGEABLE CORE A key removable core which can be used in all or
most of the core manufacturer\'s product line. No tools (other than the
control key) are required for removal of the core.

INTERFACE Any device or series of devices that allows one or more
circuits or equipments to interact correctly with one or more other
circuits or equipments. It is a connecting device that matches the input
and output characteristics of the subject components.

INTERFERENCE Extraneous energy which tends to interfere with the desired
signal.

INTERIOR COMMON CIRCULATION AREA An area within a multiple dwelling
which is outside the private zones of individual units and is used in
common by all residents and the maintenance staff of the building.

INTERIOR MICROWAVE MOTION DETECTOR A microwave sensor designed
specifically for use indoors. It usually consists of a single
transceiver. A pattern of microwave energy is transmitted into the
protected area; microwave energy is reflected back at a constant rate by
fixed objects. Movement within the protection pattern changes the
frequency of the reflected microwaves (Doppler Effect) and a comparison
circuit trips an alarm. Also called a monostatic microwave sensor.

INTERIOR PERIMETER PROTECTION A line of protection along the interior
boundary of a protected area including all points through which entry
can be effected.

INTERIOR PRIVATE AREA The interior of a single family house; the
interior of an apartment in a multiple dwelling; or the interior of a
separate unit within a commercial, public, or institutional building.

INTERIOR PUBLIC AREA An interior common circulation area or common
resident use room within a multiple dwelling to which access is
unrestricted.

INTERIOR SEMI‑PUBLIC AREA An interior common circulation area or common
resident use room within a multiple dwelling to which access is possible
only with a key or on the approval of a resident via an intercom, buzzer
reply system.

INTERIOR ZONE An alarm zone that has a sensor or sensors placed indoors.

INTERLACED SCANNING A standard scanning format in which the composite
picture is made up of two fields that are scanned one line apart from
each other and combined for a complete image.

INTERLOCK SWITCH A tamper switch.

INTERLOCKING PIN TUMBLER A type of pin tumbler which is designed to be
linked together with all other tumblers in its chamber when the cylinder
plug is in the locked position.

INTERNAL SYNC GENERATOR The circuitry in a video camera that generates a
constant signal for outside reference. Synchronization is based on 60 Hz
alternating current for many devices.

INTRASCENE DYNAMIC RANGE In television, the useful camera operating
light range, from highlight to shadow, in which detail can be observed
in a static scene when both highlights and shadows are present.

INTRUDER Anyone who enters an area or structure without
access/authorization.

INTRUSION Unauthorized entry into the property of another.

INTRUSION ALARM SYSTEM A security alarm system that consists of
intrusion sensors and alarm annunciation devices for the purpose of
detecting intruders.

INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM A security alarm system consisting of various
types of sensors (vibration, capacitance, volumetric, etc.) to detect
the unauthorized intrusion into a facility. Typical intrusion detectors
include ultrasonic, infrared, microwave sensors, and door switches.

INVISIBLE HINGE A hinge so constructed that no parts are exposed when
the door is closed.

I/O Abbreviation for input/output. May preface circuit, port or device,
when referring to computers or electrical devices used to communicate
with other equipment.

ION SPOT A spot on the fluorescent face of a cathode ray tube that is
darker than the surrounding area due to bombardment by negatively
charged ions, which reduce the sensitivity of the fluorescent coating.

ION TRAP An arrangement of magnetic fields and apertures which will
allow an electron beam to pass through but will obstruct the passage of
ions.

IONIZATION CHAMBER An enclosed area within an ionization type smoke
alarm where the detection components are located. Ionization smoke
sensors may have up to three different detection chambers.

IONIZATION SMOKE DETECTOR A device able to detect minute smoke particles
in the air and provide early warning of a developing fire. These
detectors use one or more chambers in which a small amount of
radioactive material is contained. The radioactive material ionizes the
air in the sensing chamber, rendering it conductive and permitting a
current to flow though the air between two charged electrodes. This
effectively gives the sensing chamber an electrical conductance. When
smoke particles enter the ionization area, they are attracted to the
ionized air and decrease the conductance of the air by attaching
themselves to the ions causing a reduction in mobility. When the
conductance is less than a predetermined level, the detector circuit
responds. Most ionization smoke detectors are fail safe in that an alarm
in initiated if the sensing circuit malfunctions.

IONIZATION SMOKE SENSOR See Ionization Smoke Detector.

IPS Abbreviation for inches per second. The speed at which video and
audio tapes pass over recording and playback heads, in order to create
sound and pictures, is expressed in inches per second.

IR See Infrared.

IRE ROLL‑OFF The IRE standard oscilloscope frequency response
characteristic for measurement of level. This characteristic is such
that at 2 MHz the response is approximately 3.5 dB below that in the
flat (low frequency) portion of the spectrum and cuts off slowly.

IRIS DIAPHRAGM A mechanical aperture that controls the amount of light
reaching the image plane of a video or film camera. The iris setting
corresponds to f stop values.

I SIGNAL In video, the orange to cyan color sidebands that are produced
by modulating the color subcarrier at a phase that is 57 degrees from
the burst reference. Also called in phase signal.

ISIT See Intensifier Silicon Intensifier Target

ISOLATION AMPLIFIER An amplifier designed so that electrical
abnormalities occurring at the input are not contained in the output,
and vice versa.

J

JACK An electrical connector which is used for frequent connect and
disconnect operations; for example, to connect an alarm circuit at an
overhead door.

JALOUSIE WINDOW See Louvered Window.

JAMB The exposed vertical member of either side of a door or window
opening. See also Door Jambs.

JAMB ANCHOR A metal device inserted in or attached to the wall side of a
jamb to secure the frame to the wall. A masonry jamb anchor secures a
jamb to a masonry wall.

JAMB DEPTH The width of the jamb, measured perpendicular to the door or
wall face at the edge of the opening.

JAMB EXTENSION The section of a jamb which extends below the level of
the finish floor for attachment to the rough floor.

JAMB PEELING A technique used in forced entry to deform or remove
portions of the jamb to disengage the bolt from the strike. See
Jimmying.

JAMB STRIKE That component of a door assembly which receives and holds
the extended lock bolt. The strike and jamb are considered a unit.

JAMB WALL That component of a door assembly to which a door is attached
and secured by means of the hinges. The wall and jamb are considered a
unit.

JAMMING 1. The deliberate introduction of radio frequencies, electrical
signals, or physical objects that are hostile to the normal operation of
a circuit or device. 2. A clandestine attempt to bypass a circuit or
device by introducing false signals.

JCL Job Control Language Identifies programs and input and output
devices and files to be used in the execution of computerized
procedures.

JIC Joint Industrial Council. The Council is responsible for
manufacturing standards that apply to electrical products, many of which
are used in alarm systems.

JIGGLE KEY See Manipulation Key.

JIMMY PIN A sturdy projecting screw, which is installed in the hinge
edge of a door near a hinge, fits into a hole in the door jamb and
prevents removal of the door if the hinge pins are removed.

JIMMYING A technique used in forced entry to pry the jamb away from the
lock edge of the door a sufficient distance to disengage the bolt from
the strike.

JIS Japanese Industrial Standard.

JITTER The instability of a signal in terms of amplitude, phase, or both
that is due to changes in the input power, mechanical affectations, or
circuitry.

JOYSTICK A device that uses two potentiometers and a single toggle
switch that moves on both the X and Y axes. It is used in alarm systems
for controlling CCTV camera views and for creating video graphics.

JUMBO CYLINDER A rim or mortise cylinder of 1 1/2\" diameter.

JUMP OUT To bypass either a portion or all of an alarm circuit.

JUMPER 1. A conducting connector, such as a wire, used on a printed
circuit board. Jumpers are often added to, or deleted from, printed
circuit boards to create new circuit options, address transponding
devices, or modify an existing circuit. 2. A conducting connector used
on terminal strips, in relay boxes, or with any electrical application.

JUNCTION BOX An enclosure that contains terminals for the purpose of
joining wire runs in an electrical system. A main junction box is
usually located near the central processing equipment in an alarm
system. Field junction boxes may be located at major wiring interchanges
in an alarm system.

K

K 1. A symbol for kilo or 1,000. For example, a 10K resistor has a
resistance value of 10,000 ohms. 2. In computers, a symbol for 1024. It
is used in reference to computer memory, as in 64K (65,536 bytes) of
memory. 3. Symbol for Kelvin, a temperature measurement system wherin
the unit of measurement equals a centigrade degree and absolute zero
(‑273.16 degrees Centigrade) is zero degrees K. 4. Symbol for keys used
after a numerical designation of the quantity of the keys requested to
be supplied with the cylinders; e.g., 1k, 2k, 3k, etc. It is usually
found in hardware/keying schedules.

KA Keyed alike.

KA/2, KA/3, ETC. Symbol used to indicate the quantity of locks or
cylinders in keyed alike groups. These groups are usually formed from a
larger quantity; e.g., 30 cylinders KA/2

KA1, KA2, ETC. Symbol which indicates that all cylinders so designated
are or are to be operated by the same key(s). The numerical designation
indicates the keyed alike group or set.

KBA See Key Bitting Array.

KD 1. Keyed different. 2. Knocked down.

KEEPER See Strike.

KEY 1. An object that carries the mechanical code configuration that
unlocks a locking mechanism. 2. A system for transforming a cryptogram
or cipher to plain text.

KEY BITTING ARRAY (KBA) A matrix (graphic) display of all possible
bittings for change keys and master keys as related to the top master
key.

KEY BITTING PUNCH A manually operated device which stamps or punches the
cuts into the key blade, rather than grinding or milling them.

KEY BITTING SPECIFICATIONS The technical data required to bit (a given
family of) key blank(s) to the lock manufacturer\'s dimensions.

KEY BLANK Any material manufactured to the proper size and configuration
which allows its entry into the keyway of a specific locking device. A
key blank has not yet been combinated or cut.

KEY BYPASS See Key Override.

KEY CHANGE NUMBER 1. See Blind Code. 2. See Direct Code. 3. See Key
Symbol.

KEY CHANGEABLE Of or pertaining to a lock or cylinder which can be
recombinated without disassembly, by the use of a key. The use of a tool
may also be required.

KEY CHANGES The different combinations that are available or that can be
used in a specific cylinder.

KEY CODING MACHINE A key machine designed for the production of code
keys. It may or may not also serve as a duplicating machine.

KEY CONTROL Any method or procedure which limits unauthorized
acquisition of a key and/or controls distribution of authorized keys. A
systematic organization of keys and key records.

KEY CUT PROFILE The shape of a key cut, including the cut angle and the
cut root shape.

KEY CUT(S) The portion of the key blade which remains after being cut
and which aligns the tumbler(s).

KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE A key machine which is designed to make copies
from a pattern key.

KEYED 1. Combinated. 2. Having provision for operation by key.

KEYED ALIKE Of or pertaining to two or more locks or cylinders which
have or are to have the same combination. They may or may not be part of
a keying system.

KEYED COMMON See Maison Key System.

KEYED DIFFERENT Of or pertaining to a group of locks or cylinders, each
of which is or is to be combinated differently from the others. They may
or may not be part of a keying system.

KEYED RANDOM Of or pertaining to a cylinder or group of cylinders
selected from a limited inventory of different key changes. Duplicate
bitting may occur.

KEYED‑ALIKE CYLINDERS Cylinders which are designed to be operated by the
same key. (Not to be confused with master keyed cylinders).

KEYED‑ALIKE LOCKS Locks that use only one key pattern.

KEYED‑DIFFERENT CYLINDERS Cylinders requiring different keys for their
operation.

KEY GAUGE A usually flat device with a cutaway portion indexed with a
given set of depth or spacing specifications. It is used to help
determine the combination of a key.

KEYHOLE The opening in a lock designed to receive the key.

KEYING Any specification for how a cylinder or group of cylinders are or
are to be combinated in order to control access.

KEYING CHART 1. See Pinning Chart. 2. See Progression List. 3. See
Bitting List. 4. See Key System Schematic.

KEYING DIAGRAM See System Schematic.

KEYING KIT A compartmented container which holds an assortment of
tumblers, springs and/or other parts.

KEYING LEVELS See Levels of Keying.

KEYING SCHEDULE A detailed specification of the keying system listing
how all cylinders are to be keyed and the quantities, markings, and
shipping instruction of all keys and/or cylinders to be provided.

KEYING SYMBOL A designation used for a lock or cylinder combination is
the standard key coding system; e.g., AA1, XAA1, X1X, etc.

KEY‑IN‑KNOB CYLINDER A cylinder used in a key‑in‑knob lock.

KEY‑IN‑KNOB LOCK A lock having the key cylinder and other lock
mechanism, such as a push or turn button, contained in the knobs.

KEY INTERCHANGE An undesirable condition, usually in a master key
system, whereby a key unintentionally operates a cylinder or lock.

KEYLESS ENTRY SYSTEM An entry system that uses a key pad consisting of
several pushbuttons, labeled with numbers or symbols, and an electric
door strike. Pressing the correct sequential combination of push buttons
releases the lock and permits entry.

KEYLESS LOCK A digital or push button mechanical lock that does not
require a key or access card to operate.

KEY MACHINE Any machine designed to cut keys. See also Key Coding
Machine and Key Duplicating Machine.

KEY MANIPULATION Manipulation of an incorrect key in order to operate a
lock or cylinder.

KEY MILLING The grooves machined into the length of the key blade to
allow its entry into the keyway.

KEY OVERRIDE 1. A provision allowing interruption or circumvention of
normal operation of a combination lock or electrical device. 2. Of or
pertaining to such a provision, as in key override cylinder.

KEY OVERRIDE CYLINDER A lock cylinder installed in a device to provide a
key override function.

KEYPAD See Digital Keypad.

KEY PICKING See Key Manipulation.

KEY PIN See Bottom Pin.

KEY PLATE A plate or escutcheon having only a keyhole.

KEY PROFILE See Key Section.

KEY PROGRAMMABLE SWITCH A switch programmed with a double bitted metal
key that is inserted into the switch for activation. Its output is
binary coded decimal (BCD).

KEY PULL POSITION Any position of the cylinder plug at which the key can
be removed.

KEY PUNCH See Key Bitting Punch.

KEY RECORDS Records which typically include some or all of the
following: bitting list, key bitting array, key system schematic, end
user, number of keys/cylinders issued, names of persons to whom keys
were issued, hardware/ keying schedule.

KEY RETAINING 1. Of or pertaining to a lock which must be locked before
its key can be removed. 2. Of or pertaining to a cylinder or lock which
may prevent removal of a key without the use of an additional key and/or
tool.

KEY SECTION The exact cross sectional configuration of a key blade as
viewed from the bow toward the tip.

KEYSET 1. See Key Symbol. 2. See Keying Symbol.

KEYSTONE DISTORTION A descriptive term for a type of video distortion in
which the image appears narrower at the top or bottom than what is
required for a true proportional reproduction of the original image.

KEY STOP See Stop (of a key).

KEYSWITCH A switch that can only be operated with a key. Also referred
to as a lockswitch.

KEY SYMBOL A designation used for a key combination in the standard key
coding system, e.g., A, AA, AA1, etc.

KEY SYSTEM SCHEMATIC A drawing with blocks utilizing keying symbols,
usually illustrating the hierarchy of all keys within a master key
system. It indicates the structure and total expansion of the system.

KEY TRAP CORE/CYLINDER A special core or cylinder designed to capture
any key to which it is combinated, once that key is inserted and turned
slightly.

KEYWAY 1. The opening in a lock or cylinder which is shaped to accept a
key bit or blade of a proper configuration. 2. The exact cross sectional
configuration of a keyway as viewed from the front. It is not
necessarily the same as the key section.

KEYWAY SHUTTER See Dust Cover.

KEYWAY UNIT The plug of certain binary type disc tumbler key‑in‑knob
locks.

KIOSK 1. A protective housing or shield. 2. A small booth used as a
shelter for guards. 3. A teller or cashier enclosure.

KISS‑OFF TONE In central station applications, digital receivers
generate a kiss‑off tone after identifying the communicator code and
successfully receiving all inputs. After the kiss‑off, the digital
communicator restores the telephone line for standard voice
communications.

KNIFING See loiding.

K‑9 Trained dogs used in a security or investigative procedure. The term
originated from the word canine.

KNOB An ornamental or functional round handle on a door; may be designed
to actuate a lock or latch.

KNOB LATCH A securing device having a spring bolt operated by a knob
only.

KNOB SHANK The projecting stem of a knob into which the spindle is
fastened.

KNOCKED DOWN (KD) Disassembled; designed for assembly at the point of
use.

KNUCKLE The enlarged part of a hinge into which the pin is inserted.

KR 1. Keyed Random. 2. Key Retaining.

KSR Keyboard Send Receive. Combination transmitter and receiver with
transmission from a keyboard only. For example, a teletype, or printer
with keyboard.

kVA 1000 volt‑amperes

KVA OR VOLT‑AMPERE OUTPUT RATING The KVA or volt ampere output rating
designates the output which a unit can deliver continuously without
exceeding its component ratings.

KW Kilowatts. Real power delivered to a load.

KWY Keyway.

L

LACING 1. An array of wire or other electrically conductive material
that is attached to a support structure. An alarm signal is generated
when the lacing is broken. It protects skylights and similarly
vulnerable intruder access points. Often, lacing is concealed, as within
a wall. 2. The binding or tie used to join or bundle two or more wires
into a cable‑like wiring arrangement.

LAG Image retention that occurs in a video image when a rapid motion of
the camera, or object viewed, leaves a trail. Also referred to as
sticking or trailing.

LAMBERT A unit of measurement for luminance equal to the amount of light
emitted or reflected from a perfect surface of one square centimeter.

LAMINATE A product made by bonding together two or more layers of
material.

LAMINATED GLASS A type of glass fabricated from two layers of glass with
a transparent bonding layer between them. Also called safety glass.

LAMINATED PADLOCK A padlock, the body of which consists of a number of
flat plates, all or most of which are of the same contour, superimposed
and riveted or brazed together. Holes in the plates provide spaces for
the lock mechanism and the ends of the shackle.

LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (LSI) Densely integrated circuits designed for
large numbers of tasks. LSI technology has made possible the many
compact electronic devices used in security.

LASER INTRUSION DETECTOR A beam break type sensor that operates on the
same principle as a photoelectric sensor except that the beam source is
generated by a very low power laser. A single transceiver and reflecting
target is possible for short distances; a separate transmitter and
receiver are used for long spans. The laser energy is specified well
below that which might cause harm to the eye when viewed directly.

LATCH 1. A device or circuit that, when activated or energized,
maintains the new condition (e.g., open or closed) until reset by being
activated or energized again. 2. Any spring or mechanical device used to
secure doors and other openings. Latches can be key or lever operated,
and provide a low level of security.

LATCH BOLT A beveled, spring actuated bolt which may or may not include
a deadlocking feature.

LAYOUT BOARD See layout tray.

LAYOUT TRAY A compartmented container used to organize cylinder parts
during keying or servicing.

LAZY CAM/TAILPIECE A cam or tailpiece designed to remain stationary
while the cylinder plug is partially rotated and/or vice versa.

LCD See Liquid Crystal Display.

LEAD OXIDE TUBE A TV image pickup tube of the direct readout type having
a photoconductive target of lead oxide. Widely used in broadcast and
studio color TV cameras. Has high sensitivity, low dark current, unity
gamma, low lag, uniform shading and good temperature stability.

LEADING EDGE That portion of a pulse occurring between 10o and 90o of
the rise to total amplitude.

LEAF, DOOR An individual door, used either singly or in multiples.

LEAF HINGE The most common type of hinge, characterized by two flat
metal plates or leaves, which pivot about a metal hinge pin. A leaf
hinge can be surface mounted, or installed in a mortise. See also Butt
Hinge and surface hinge.

LEAKY COAX See Ported Coax.

LEASED LINE A dedicated metallic or voice grade telephone line available
from the telephone company on a lease basis. It is used predominantly in
central station and larger proprietary alarm systems. See Light Emitting
Diode.

LENS An optical device made of glass or plastic that forms an image from
incident light rays. Lenses come in may different configurations,
including wide angle, zoom and telephoto.

LENS SPEED The light transmission quality of a lens. Lens speed is the
ratio of the focal length to the diameter of the lens. The smaller the
number, the faster the lens.

LENS SYSTEM Two or more lenses so arranged as to act in conjunction with
one another.

LEVEL (OF A CUT) 1. See Bitting Depth. 2. See Root Depth.

LEVELS OF KEYING The divisions of a master key system into hierarchies
of access. The standard key coding system has been expanded to include
key symbols for systems of more than four levels of keying.

LEVER HANDLE A bar‑like grip which is rotated in a vertical plane about
a horizontal axis at one of its ends, designed to operate a latch.

LEVER LOCK A key operated lock that incorporates one or more lever
tumblers, which must be raised to a specific level so that the fence of
the bolt is aligned with the gate of the tumbler in order to withdraw
the bolt. Lever locks are commonly used in storage lockers, and safety
deposit boxes.

LEVER TUMBLER A flat metal arm, pivoted on one end with a gate in the
opposite end. The top edge is spring loaded. The bitting of the key
rotates against the bottom edge, raising the lever tumbler to align the
gate with the bolt fence. Both the position of the gate and the
curvature of the bottom edge of the lever tumbler can be varied to
establish the key code.

LIE DETECTOR See Polygraph.

LIGHT 1. Electromagnetic radiation detectable by the eye, ranging in
wavelength from about 400 to 750 nm. 2. A space in a window or door for
a single pane of glazing. 3. A pane of glass or other glazing material.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) A diode (semiconductor crystal) that creates
light when energized. LEDs are available in several colors and in
various configurations including multi‑LED alphanumeric displays. LEDs
are used widely in electronic equipment and are used in alarm
annunciators, monitors, communicators, and sensors. LEDs require a
fraction of the power that is required to operate incandescent lights.

LIGHT INTENSITY CUTOFF The threshold at which a reduction of light
intensity in a photoelectric alarm sensor initiates an alarm.

LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR An electrically conductive metal rod or similar
device that is used to purposely attract lighting strikes and direct
them to ground without damaging surrounding objects. Lightning
conductors are also known as lightning rods, lightning arrestors or air
terminals.

LIMITING RESOLUTION A method defining picture resolution on a video
display screen by determining the total number of horizontal lines that
can be identified on a test pattern.

LINE The wire (or other transmission media) which connects the station
equipment to the CTS.

LINE, ALARM An electrically supervised pair of wires connected between
the intrusion detection equipment in a protected area and the alarm
indicating equipment for the purpose of transmitting alarm indications.

LINE AMPLIFIER Any amplification device that prepares a signal for
transmission by boosting the signal strength. Line amplifiers may be
used for audio, video or data applications. Video line amplifiers are
also called program amplifiers.

LINE BALANCE The degree to which the individual conductors in a cable
are similar in their electrical characteristics with respect to each
other, to other conductors and to ground.

LINE BREAK A trouble condition in an alarm circuit transmission line
caused by a broken wire or wires.

LINE CARRIER TRANSMITTER A device that transmits signals over existing
power wiring. It may be used to transmit between structures sharing a
common power system. The signals from line carrier transmitters are
blocked by power transformers. See Carrier Current Transmitter.

LINE DROP A voltage loss that occurs between any two points in a power
transmission line. Line drop may be attributed to resistance, reactance
or line leakage.

LINE FREQUENCY 1. In video picture transmission, the number of
horizontal lines transmitted per second. 2. The frequency of ac power in
a power distribution system.

LINE HOLDOUT A circuit that prevents two alarms from reporting at the
same instant on a McCulloh loop.

LINE LEVEL The signal amplitude at any given point on a transmission
line.

LINE PRINTER A printer that prints an entire line of information at one
time. Line printers print very rapidly and are excellent for volume
printing.

LINE REPEATER A device that amplifies, reforms, and re‑transmits signals
on a transmission line. It is used to prevent signal distortion in long
lengths of transmission line.

LINE SEIZURE The temporary and exclusive use of a communications line by
a communicator.

LINE SENSOR A sensor that has a pattern of detection within a narrow
line between two or more points. A photoelectric beam is an example of a
line sensor.

LINE SUPERVISION A method of securing an alarm data line by introducing
a continuous impedance or electronic code to the circuit. Interrupting
the code or breaking or tampering with the line initiates an alarm.

LINE UNBALANCE Unequal loads on the phase lines of a multiphase feeder.

LINE VOLTAGE 1. A standardized level for voltage within a power line
system. Common household line voltages in the United States are between
115 and 120 volts. This may vary by 5 volts, above or below these
limits. 2. The voltage present in a circuit or power cable.

LINE GROUND FAULT A short circuit or leakage between one line and
ground.

LINE NEUTRAL FAULT A short circuit or leakage between one phase line of
a three phase wye feeder and the neutral point.

LINE TYPE HEAT DETECTOR A heat sensor that has a long continuous
detection element, such as a pneumatic tube. The sensing element is
normally mounted on a ceiling or overhead area. See also Pneumatic Tube
Heat Detector.

LINEARITY The state of an output that incrementally changes indirectly
or proportionally as the input changes.

LINTEL A horizontal structural member that supports the load over an
opening such as a door or window.

LIP (OF A STRIKE) The curved projecting part of a strike plate which
guides the spring bolt to the latch point.

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) An electrical display device that consists
of a glass plate and an electrical substrate. The display appears blank
when unenergized. When specific leads are energized, a digital readout
becomes visible in the display. Although relatively low power devices,
LCD displays have the disadvantage of poor visibility from both narrow
viewing angles and low light situations. Supplemental lighting is
usually provided for low light situations.

LITE Material in each opening of a window or door. Sometimes called a
\"pane\".

LITHIUM BATTERY A battery that offers high energy density, long shelf
life, and higher cell voltages (2.6‑3.6 V) than carbon zinc type
batteries. Lithium batteries can be classified into one of three
categories: electrolyte‑organic, inorganic, and solid state.

LLTV See Low Light Television

LOAD BALANCING Switching the various loads to equalize the power demand
on each line of a multiphase feeder.

LOADING TOOL A tool which aids installation of cylinder components into
the cylinder shell.

LOBBY That portion of the interior common area of a building which is
reached from an entry door and which provides access to the general
circulation areas, elevators, and fire stairs and from these to other
areas of the building.

LOCAL ALARM A bell, siren, lighting system, or combination of such
devices that signals the tripping of an alarm. A local alarm is located
near the source of the alarm to discourage intrusion attempts. The alarm
turns off automatically after a timeout, or it may require a manual
shutoff. Occasionally the alarm is tied into the security desk for added
assurance. Also called an audible alarm or local bell alarm.

LOCAL ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system installed as a stand alone system for
the primary purpose of protecting the user\'s premises. A local alarm
may or may not be linked to a central station or other remote location.
Local alarm systems normally include an audible alarm device such as a
bell or siren.

LOCAL/AUDIBLE ALARM See Local Alarm

LOCK A fastener which secures a door or window assembly against
unauthorized entry. A door lock is usually key operated and includes the
keyed device (cylinder or combination), bolt, strike plate, knobs or
levers, trim items, etc. A window lock is usually hand operated rather
than key operated.

LOCK BOX A housing for a key that is used to reset a fire alarm panel.

LOCK CARTRIDGE That portion of a card reader that compares the
information encoded on the card with code contained on the program
board.

LOCKCLIP A flexible metal part attached to the inside of a door face to
position a mortise lock.

LOCK EDGE The vertical edge or stile of a door in which a lock may be
installed. Also called the leading edge, the lock stile and the strike
edge.

LOCK EDGE DOOR (FOR SEAM DOOR) A door which has its face sheets secured
in place by an exposed mechanical interlock seam on each of its two
vertical edges. See also lock seam.

LOCK FACEPLATE See Face Plate.

LOCK PICK A tool or instrument, other than the specifically designed
key, made for the purpose of manipulating a lock into a locked or
unlocked condition.

LOCK PICKING The process of manipulating a lock into a locked or
unlocked condition by using means other than the specifically designed
key.

LOCK RAIL The horizontal member of a door intended to receive the lock
case.

LOCK REINFORCEMENT A reinforcing plate attached inside of the lock stile
of a door to receive a lock.

LOCK SEAM A joint in sheet metal work, formed by doubly folding the
edges of adjoining sheets in such a manner that they interlock.

LOCK SET See Lock.

LOCK STILE See Lock Edge.

LOCK‑IN‑KNOB See Key‑in‑Knob Lock.

LOCKING See Latch.

LOCKING DOG (OF A PADLOCK) The part of a padlock mechanism which engages
the shackle and holds it in the locked position.

LOCKOUT Any situation in which the normal operation of a lock or
cylinder is prevented.

LOCKOUT KEY A key made in two pieces. One piece is trapped in the keyway
by the tumblers when inserted and blocks entry of any regular key. The
second piece is used to remove the first piece.

LOCKSWITCH A switch that can only be operated with a key. Also called a
keyswitch.

LOG 1. The recording of alarm or access control system activity in a log
book or computerized device. 2. The actual record of system activity.

LOG‑ON To enter certain specific identifying data into a computer from a
terminal, prior to entering a query or engaging in conversation. Log‑on
may determine system status and file availability.

LOGGING The process of creating a log. If manually kept, all system
activity is recorded in a log book by on duty guards. If logging is a
machine function, a computer or similar device keeps a record of system
events, which is immediately printed or stored for future access.

LOGIC The basic principles and applications of truth tables; the
relationships of propositions; the interconnection of on/off circuits
for mathematical computation in a computer.

LOGIC BOMB A computer program executed at pre‑established or periodic
times in a computer system that determines conditions or states of the
computer that facilitate the perpetration of an unauthorized, malicious
act.

LOIDING A burglary attack method in which a thin, flat, flexible object
such as a stiff piece of plastic is inserted between the strike and the
latch bolt to depress the latch bolt and release it from the strike. The
loiding of windows is accomplished by inserting a thin stiff object
between the meeting rails or stiles to move the latch to the open
position, or by inserting a thin stiff wire through openings between the
stile or rail and the frame to manipulate the sash operator of pivoting
windows. Derived from the word \"celluloid.\" Also called knifing and
slip knifing.

LONG TITLE The full title or name assigned to a publication, an item of
equipment or device.

LOOKUP TABLE A written reference that provides descriptions or
instructions relating to coded signals received in an alarm system.

LOOP 1. A circuit that begins and ends in the same location. 2. An alarm
circuit that maintains a closed circuit at a specific impedance. 3. An
electric circuit consisting of several elements, usually switches,
connected in series. 4. An iterative step in a computer program.

LOOPING 1. A wiring method in which a number of high impedance devices
share a single coaxial cable or a similar type of line with no signal
degradation. The end of the line is properly terminated. 2. A CCTV
switcher that allows video inputs to pass through the switcher without
terminating.

LOOSE JOINT HINGE A hinge with two knuckles. The pin is fastened
permanently to one and the other contains the pinhole. The two parts of
the hinge can be disengaged by lifting.

LOOSE PIN HINGE A hinge having a removable pin to permit the two leaves
of the hinge to be separated.

LOSS 1. A reduction in signal level or strength, usually expressed in
decibels. 2. Power dissipation serving no useful purpose.

LOUVER An opening with a series of horizontal slats so arranged as to
permit ventilation but to exclude rain, sunlight, or vision.

LOUVERED WINDOW A type of window in which the glazing consists of
parallel, horizontal, movable glass slats. Also called a jalousie
window.

LOW FREQUENCY DISTORTION Distortion effects which occur at low
frequency. In television, generally considered as any frequency below
the 15.75 kHz line frequency.

LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT (LIC) A limited politico‑military struggle to
achieve political, social, economic or psychological objectives. It is
often protracted and ranges from diplomatic, economic, and psychological
pressures through terrorism and insurgency. Low intensity conflict is
generally confined to a geographic area and is often characterized by
constraints on the weaponry, tactics and the level of violence. Physical
security equipment and portable security systems are defensive measures
which may be used to protect U.S. personnel and facilities in low
intensity conflict.

LOW LIGHT CAMERA A camera with special film, lenses or electronic
circuitry designed to produce an image under extremely low light
conditions.

LOW LIGHT TELEVISION. A CCTV system for use in applications where
available light does not exceed 0.5 lumen per square foot.

LSI See Large Scale Integration.

LUMEN (LM) The unit of luminous flux. It is equal to the flux through a
unit solid angle (steradian) from a uniform point source of one candela
or to the flux on a unit surface of which all points are at a unit
distance from a uniform point source of one candela.

LUMEN/FT2 A unit of incident light. It is the illuminance on a surface
one square foot in area on which a flux of one lumen is uniformly
distributed, or the illuminance at a surface all points of which are at
a distance of one foot from a uniform source of one candela.

LUMINANCE Luminous intensity (photometric brightness) of any surface in
a given direction per unit of projected area of the surface as viewed
from that direction, measured in foot‑lamberts (fl).

LUMINANCE SIGNAL That portion of the NTSC color television signal which
contains the luminance or brightness information.

LUX A metric unit of measurement for light. One lux equals one lumen per
square meter.

M

MACS See Maximum adjacent cut specification.

MACHINE LANGUAGE The most fundamental level of computer programming,
made up of numeric codes. All other computer programming languages are
assemblages of alphanumeric code that represent machine language. All
programming languages must be converted into machine language before
being processed; a conversion normally accomplished by a compiler.

MAGNETIC ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which will initiate an alarm when
it detects changes in the local magnetic field. The changes could be
caused by motion of ferrous objects such as guns or tools near the
magnetic sensor.

MAGNETIC BURIED‑LINE SENSOR A passive sensor that comprises a buried
wire loop and some detection logic. An intruder having ferromagnetic
material crossing the loop will generate an electrical signal that is
detected by the loop and the associated processing circuitry.

MAGNETIC CONTACT A type of sensor that protects a movable barrier or
object, usually a door or window. The device consists of two parts: an
enclosed magnet (actuating block) and an enclosed reed switch (contact
block). Each half of the device is mounted close together; the switch on
the door or window frame, and the magnet opposite the switch on the
opening portion of the door or window. In operation, when the two
devices are in close proximity, the magnet holds the reed switch closed
(or open). Separating the two halves (by opening the door or window)
removes the magnetic field causing the switch to open (or close) the
circuit and initiate an alarm. Magnetic contacts are available with
different gap specifications.

MAGNETIC FIELD The pattern of magnetic force lines surrounding a magnet,
energized electromagnet or inductor. Also referred to as flux.

MAGNETIC FOCUSING A method of focusing an electron beam by the action of
a magnetic field.

MAGNETIC LOCK A type of door lock that consists of an electromagnet and
strike plate. The electromagnet is mounted in the door frame opposite
the strike plate, which is mounted on the door. When current is applied,
the strength of the magnetic attraction holds the door locked. Magnetic
locks operate on low voltage (12 Vdc) and consume minimal power.

MAGNETIC REED SWITCH See Magnetic Contact.

MAGNETIC SENSOR A sensor that initiates an alarm when it detects a
change of a given magnitude in a magnetic field.

MAGNETIC SWITCH A switch which consists of two separate units: a
magnetically actuated switch, and a magnet. The switch is usually
mounted in a fixed position (door jamb or window frame) opposing the
magnet, which is fastened to a hinged or sliding door, window, etc. When
the movable section is opened, the magnet moves with it, actuating the
switch.

MAGNETIC CARD ACCESS A method of access control that uses magnetically
encoded plastic cards, that are placed in or near magnetic card readers,
for the purpose of controlling movement into the out of a secured area.

MAGNETIC SPOT CARD An access control card manufactured with a barium
ferrite core containing an array of permanently magnetized spots. The
magnetic spots correspond to an arrangement of magnetically activated
switches or sensors in the card read head. The activation of specific
switches or sensors indicates the card\'s code.

MAGNETIC STRIPE CARD A card used in magnetic strip reading systems. The
cards have a narrow band of magnetic material applied on one side.
Magnetic stripe cards are produced with either 300 or 4000 oersted
material. Cards having 300 oersted material are the most common. Cards
having a 4000 oersted stripe are used for higher security applications
due to the stability of the magnetic material.

MAGNETICALLY ENCODED CARD A plastic card used for access control or
other purposes that has a specific magnetic code embedded within, or
encoded upon, the surface of the card. A magnetic card reader interprets
the code and grants entry/exit upon input of proper criteria.
Magnetically encoded cards include magnetic stripe, magnetic spot, and
Wiegand Effect cards.

MAID\'S MASTER KEY The master key in a hotel master key system given to
the maid. It operates only cylinders of the guest rooms and linen
closets in the maid\'s designated area.

MAIN ENTRY DOOR The most important common entry door in a building,
which provides access to the building\'s lobby.

MAINFRAME COMPUTER A large capacity computer used as a central
processing unit for a security monitoring and/or access control system.
Mainframes are practical for larger integrated systems.

MAINTENANCE MASTER KEY See Engineer\'s Key.

MAISON KEY SYSTEM A keying system in which one or more cylinders are
operated by every key (or relatively large numbers of different keys) in
the system; e.g., main entrances or laundry areas of apartment buildings
operated by all individual suite keys of the building. The term is
derived from the French, maison meaning \"house\".

MAISON KEYING Use of a Maison key system.

MANCHESTER CODE See Biphase Code.

MANIPULATION KEY Any key other than a correct key which can be variably
positioned and/or manipulated in a keyway to operate a lock or cylinder.

MANTRAP A booth or chamber with two or more remotely controlled doors
through which an individual must pass to move from one area to another.
Persons unable to produce proper authorization for a guard via a CCTV or
other identification system are not allowed to pass and may be detained.
Also called a video access booth when CCTV is employed.

MANUAL ACTIVE SWITCHER A manual CCTV camera switcher that employs active
switching electronics and vertical interval switching to effect rapid
and stable scene changes.

MANUAL ALARM STATION A signal transmitter with a pull type lever mounted
in a conspicuous location. Pulling the lever closes a set of contacts
and initiates an alarm. It is commonly used with fire systems, but can
also be used in security applications where an accessible alarm station
is required for panic or duress situations. It is classified as coded or
noncoded. Noncoded manual alarm stations simply open or close a circuit
and cannot be externally reset. Coded stations transmit a uniquely coded
signal upon activation. Also called a pull station or fire alarm box.

MANUAL PASSIVE SWITCHER A CCTV camera switcher with no active electronic
switching components. It accomplishes simple electrical switching using
manually operated push buttons or switches. Manual switching generally
causes some minor picture disturbance as the change is made from scene
to scene.

MARK Presence of a signal. In telegraph or teletype communications a
mark represents the closed condition, or current flowing. In digital
communications, a mark represents a binary 1.

MASONRY Stone, brick, concrete, hollow tiles, concrete blocks, or other
similar materials, bonded together with mortar to form a wall, pier,
buttress, or similar member.

MASS STORAGE Relatively large volume storage, on line, and directly
accessible to the computer\'s central processor or control unit.

MASTER See Master Key #1.

MASTER ANTENNA TELEVISION (MATV) MATV is used when several video display
units or standard rf television receivers share a common antenna.

MASTER BLANK 1. See Multi‑section Key Blank. 2. See All‑section Key
Blank.

MASTER BOX A municipal fire alarm signaling panel that transmits a coded
signal to a fire station. Also called a city box.

MASTER CHIP See Master Pin #1.

MASTER CODE CARD 1. A special access control card which, when inserted
in a self contained card reader, sets the code required by all cards in
the system to activate that reader. 2. A universal access control card
that contains a code that grants entry/exit at any card reader in a
system.

MASTER COMBINATION A universal code for unlocking a digital mechanical
lock. It has the same function as a master key.

MASTER CONTROL UNIT (MCU) The core of the subscriber\'s protective alarm
installation, whether a local or silent alarm system, to which all
subscriber sensors and switches are connected.

MASTER DISC 1. See Master Pin #1. 2. See Stepped Tumbler. 3. A special
disc tumbler with multiple gates to receive a sidebar.

MASTER DISC TUMBLER A disc tumbler that will operate with a master key
in addition to its own change key.

MASTER KEY 1. A key which operates all the master keyed locks or
cylinders in a group; each lock or cylinder usually operated by its own
change key. 2. To combinate a group of locks or cylinders such that each
is operated by its own change key as well as by a master key for the
entire group.

MASTER KEY CHANGES The number of different usable change keys available
under a given master key.

MASTER KEY CONSTANT See Constant Cut #1.

MASTER KEYED Of or pertaining to a cylinder or group of cylinders which
are or are to be combinated so that all may be operated by their own
change key(s) and by additional key(s) known as master key(s).

MASTER‑KEYED LOCKS Locks which can be opened by a single master key.

MASTER KEYED ONLY Of or pertaining to a lock or cylinder which is or is
to be combinated only to a master key.

MASTER KEYING See Master Key #2.

MASTER KEY SECTION 1. See Multi‑section Key Blank. 2. See All‑section
Key Blank.

MASTER KEY SYSTEM 1. Any keying arrangement which has two or more levels
of keying. 2. A keying arrangement which has exactly two levels of
keying.

MASTER LEVER A lever tumbler which can align some or all other levers in
its lock so that their gates are at the fence. It is typically seen in
locks used on strorage lockers.

MASTER PIN 1. Usually a cylindrical shaped tumbler, flat on both ends,
placed between the top and bottom pin to create an additional shear
line. 2. A pin tumbler with multiple gates to accept a sidebar.

MASTER RING A tube shaped sleeve located between the plug and shell of
certain cylinders to create a second shear line. Normally the plug shear
line is used for change key combinations and the shell shear line is
used for master key combinations.

MASTER RING LOCK/CYLINDER A lock or cylinder equipped with a master
ring.

MASTER WAFER 1. See Master Pin #1. 2. See Stepped Tumbler. 3. A ward
used in certain binary type disc tumbler key‑in‑knob locks.

MATCHING See Impedance Matching.

MATCHING NETWORK A circuit that accomplishes impedance matching.
Matching networks maintain line supervision while permitting audio
signals access to an alarm data line.

MATERIAL Any document, product or substance on or in which information
may be recorded or embodied. Material shall include every thing,
regardless of the item\'s physical character or makeup. Machinery,
documents, devices, models, photographs, recordings, reproductions,
notes, sketches, maps, and letters, as well as all other products,
substances or materials, fall within the general term \"material\".

MATRIX An assemblage of electrical interconnections that code, decode or
annunciate signals.

MATRIX PRINTER A printer that produces a character made of a matrix of
small dots by advancing a printhead containing a group of points. The
points strike the paper to form the character. Also known as a dot
matrix printer.

MATRIX SWITCHER A switching device that uses electronic or
electromechanical components to route input signals to predetermined
outputs.

MAT SWITCH A flat area sensor used on open floors or under carpeting in
pedestrian areas. It maybe sensitive over an area of a few square feet
or several square yards. Also called an area mat or a floor sensor.

MATTE Also mat or matting. Used interchangeably to describe the creation
of framing around a television picture, or the gray pebbling, half
toning, or haloing of portions of a TV picture.

MATV See Master Antenna Television

MAXIMUM ADJACENT CUT DIFFERENTIAL See Maximum Adjacent Cut
Specification.

MAXIMUM ADJACENT CUT SPECIFICATION The maximum allowable difference
between adjacent cut depths.

MAXIMUM OPPOSING CUT SPECIFICATION The maximum allowable depths to which
opposing cuts can be made without breaking through the key blade. This
is typically a consideration with dimple keys.

McCULLOH LOOP A supervised metallic pair of wires that links several
alarm system subscriber premises in a series. Loop resistance restricts
the number of subscribers sharing one line. The usual number of
protection areas on a single loop ranges between approximately 15 and
45.

MEANTIME BETWEEN FAILURE (MTBF) A statistical figure that represents the
average time between failure of components or pieces of equipment for a
given lot of identical devices.

MEAN TIME TO REPAIR (MTTR) A statistic that represents the average time
between equipment or component failure and the completed repair of that
unit.

MECHANICAL DOOR LOCK 1. A nonpowered mechanical locking device that
requires either the entry of a push button sequence or a magnetic key to
open. 2. An access control card reader that does not require external
power to operate. Some mechanical door locks feature the capability for
field modification of the unlocking code.

MECHANICAL FOCUS The focusing of a camera lens or tube by nonautomatic
means, such as a cable and gear arrangement.

MECHANICAL LOCK A locking mechanism that does not require any electrical
or electronic circuitry to operate, as opposed to an electromechanical
lock. A true mechanical lock uses springs and rotating cams to move the
major parts and the latch bolt. Opening is accomplished by using
combinations of internal slides or tumblers, whereby, electromechanical
locks use a solenoid to operate the latch bolt. Electronic locks are
electromechanical locks with the addition of electronic keying
circuitry.

MECHANICAL SWITCH A switch in which the contacts are opened and closed
by means of a depression plunger or button.

MEETING STILE The vertical edge member of a door or horizontal sliding
window, in a pair of doors or windows, which meets with the adjacent
edge member when closed. See also Checkrails.

MEGAHERTZ(MHz) A term meaning one million hertz.

MEGGER A high range ohmmeter having a built‑in hand driven generator as
a direct voltage source, used for measuring resistance and determining
ground faults.

MEMORY The storage area for computer operating instructions and other
pertinent system data that must be available for instant recall. Speed
and capacity of a computer memory is a function of the data storage
media used. Semiconductors and magnetic disks are two commonly used
memory devices.

MENU A presentation of written or symbolic operational options from
which an individual using a computerized system must select to initiate,
continue or terminate a specific task.

MERCURY BATTERY Refers to a mercuric oxide battery. A relatively
expensive battery that is excellent for compact circuitry applications.
These batteries have a high energy density, but a comparatively lower
shelf life.

MERCURY CONTACTS A pool of mercury in a vial that touches or disconnects
contact wires when the vial is tilted. Used on windows, especially
transoms.

MERCURY DROP CONTACT SWITCH A variation of the magnetic contact. A
mercury drop contact switch uses a small amount of mercury to complete a
circuit. The mercury contact design eliminates many of the corrosion and
magnetic buildup problems associated with conventional magnetic
contacts.

MERCURY FENCE ALARM A type of mercury switch which is sensitive to the
vibration caused by an intruder climbing on a fence.

MERCURY SWITCH A switch that completes or opens an electrical circuit by
the movement of a drop of mercury between contact points. The mercury
moves by tilting or vibrating. Mercury switches are used in vibration
and fence sensors.

METAL DETECTOR A fixed, portable, or hand held device used to detect the
presence of metallic objects. These devices are usually designed to
detect only metal that is of sufficient volume to produce a warning
causing a further investigation for a concealed weapon. Some metal
detectors operate by creating a balanced magnetic field between
transmission and receive coils. The movement of a metal object through
the field causes an induced voltage in the receiving coils. The
imbalance initiates an alarm. Sensitivity is a function of coil
characteristics. Other metal detectors use radio frequency (rf)
transmission to create eddy currents in metal objects passing the
detector, and a receiver with control circuitry to catch the rf pulse
generated by the eddy current\'s decay.

METAL‑MESH GRILLE A grille of expanded metal or welded metal wires
permanently installed across a window or other opening in order to
prevent entry through the opening.

METALLIC PHONE LINE A phone line made of metal wire (usually copper) and
used for point‑to‑point transmission. Nonmetallic telephone transmission
media include microwaves and fiber optics.

MHz See Megahertz.

MICROCOMPUTER A small capacity computer with limited memory and
functions. It is used for small to mid‑sized computerized security
systems, and is usually programmed in an upper level language such as
BASIC.

MICROPHONE CABLE A special shielded cable that connects a microphone to
an amplifier.

MICROPHONE, CONTACT Microphone which can be mounted directly on a
protected wall, safe, etc. The microphone is usually insensitive to
ambient room noises and detects the sound of the wall or safe being
breached to activate an alarm circuit.

MICROPHONICS Audio frequency noise caused by the mechanical vibration of
elements within a system or component.

MICROPROCESSOR A complete electronic circuit that has been reduced and
placed on a tiny chip of silicon. It is the central processing unit
(CPU) and one of the major components of a microcomputer. The use of
microprocessors has led to important developments in electronic security
products.

MICROWAVE 1. Radio waves that are less than 30 centimeters in length.
Microwave frequencies are usually 1000 MHz and higher. 2. A type of
sensor that uses microwaves to detect motion. 3. A data transmission
media for alarm data.

MICROWAVE SENSOR An active intrusion sensor that detects the movement of
a person or object through a pattern of microwave energy. Microwave
sensors are classified as either monostatic, bistatic, or terrain
following. In general, comparative circuitry in a monostatic sensor uses
the Doppler Effect to recognize movement within a protected area.
Bistatic sensors operate on a beambreak principle. Terrain following
microwave sensors are essentially bistatic sensors with antenna
configurations that are not overall line‑of‑sight. Monostatic sensors
are typically designated for indoor use; bistatic and terrain following
sensors are normally used for outdoor applications.

MIL SPEC 1. Term for Military Specification. U.S. Government standards
that are documented in order to standardize and specify Government
purchased equipment. 2. Any equipment or component that meets or exceeds
military specifications.

MILL FINISH The original surface finish produced on a metal mill product
by cold rolling, extruding or drawing.

MILLING (OF A KEY) 1. See Key Section. 2. See Key Milling.

MILLWORK Generally, all building components made of finished wood and
manufactured in millwork plants and planing mills. It includes such
items as inside and outside doors, window and door frames, cabinets,
porch work, mantels, panel work, stairways, molding, and interior trim.
It normally does not include flooring, ceiling, or siding.

MIMIC DISPLAY An annunciator board. It usually comprises LEDs or
incandescent bulbs arranged on a display panel.

MINIATURE MAGNETIC CONTACT A small magnetic contact designed for tight
spaces and improved concealment. It operates on the same principles as
standard size magnetic contacts.

MINICOMPUTER A medium capacity computer that falls between a
microcomputer and a large mainframe in scope and function.

MIS‑CUT 1. Of or pertaining to a key which has been cut incorrectly. 2.
A mis‑cut key.

MK See Master Key.

MK SECTION See Master Key Section.

MK\'d See Master Keyed.

MK\'d ONLY See Master Keyed Only.

MNEMONIC CODE Short groups of letters or symbols that are used to
represent machine code. Mnemonic code is used by computer programmers to
assist in the recognition of low level language codes.

MOBILE ANNUNCIATOR An annunciator or mimic display designed for mounting
in a vehicle. System status information is received via an rf link from
a central monitoring station.

MOCS See Maximum Opposing Cut Specification.

MODE An operational condition in which a security system responds to
specific inputs with a predetermined response. For example, placing a
system into a programming mode allows the system to be reconfigured.

MODELING/SIMULATION Using a mathematically derived procedure to test the
characteristics of a system without actually performing the procedure on
the system itself. Modeling helps to predict the probability of success
when engaging the real system.

MODEM Acronym for Modulator/Demodulator. A modem converts digital
information into audio tones for fsk transmission over standard voice
grade telephone lines. The signal is converted back to digital
information at the receiving end. Using modems, alarms may be remoted
from distant points to a central receiving station.

MODULATED PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR A sensor that uses a modulated beam of
light (usually infrared) between a transmitter and receiver to detect an
intruder. The receiver is only sensitive to light modulated at the
frequency of the transmitting unit. In addition to causing an alarm if
the beam is broken, the receiver initiates an alarm if it does not
receive light that has been correctly modulated for that receiver. In
this way, the possibility of defeating the sensor by introducing another
light source is reduced.

MODULATION The process or results of the process, whereby some
characteristic of one signal is varied in accordance with another
signal. The modulated signal is called the carrier. The carrier may be
modulated in three fundamental ways by varying the amplitude, called
amplitude modulation (AM),by varying the frequency, called frequency
modulation (FM) and by varying the phase, called phase modulation.

MODULATOR A device that incorporates an informational signal with a
carrier frequency for the purpose of transmission.

MODULATOR/DEMODULATOR See Modem.

MODULE A self contained unit or component that is part of a larger
system. Modules allow ease of replacement during repair or
reconfiguration by substitution.

MOGUL CYLINDER A very large pin tumbler cylinder whose pins, springs,
key, etc. are also proportionally increased in size. It is typically
used in prison locks.

MOIRE In television, the spurious pattern in the reproduced picture
resulting from interference beats between two sets of periodic
structures in the image.

MOISTURE DETECTOR A sensor that causes a contact closure when sufficient
moisture creates an electrical bridge. It is used to detect hazardous or
problematical moisture buildup in equipment cabinets or electrical
conduits.

MOMENTARY DRY CONTACT A switch that activates only during the duration
of the fault state.

MONEY CLIP A sensor designed to initiate an alarm when paper money is
removed from a special detection unit in a cash drawer. It is sometimes
referred to as a currency trap.

MONITOR 1. A video display unit for use with CCTV. 2. A central alarm
processing device that receives alarm signals and displays system
status.

MONITOR CABINET An enclosure which houses the annunciator and associated
equipment.

MONITORING STATION The actual location of a central station or alarm
system monitoring unit.

MONO LOCK See preassembled lock.

MONOCHROME An image produced in a single color. This term normally
refers to a black and white image, but may include a picture comprising
black and a single color, such as blue or red.

MONOCHROME SIGNAL In monochrome television, a signal wave for
controlling the brightness values in the picture. In color television,
that part of the signal wave that has major control of the brightness
values of the picture, whether displayed in color or monochrome.

MONOCHROME TRANSMISSION A video transmission signal that contains
brightness values, but not chrominance (color) values. A monochrome
transmission is black and white only.

MONOFOCAL LENS A nonfocusing lens that is set in the factory at the
hyperfocal position for maximum depth of field.

MONOSTATIC MICROWAVE SENSOR A sensor that uses the same antenna, or
nearly coincident antennas, for the transmitter and receiver. It is
typically employed for detection in a relatively (as compared to
bistatic sensors) confined volume. Monostatic sensors use either
amplitude modulated or frequency modulated microwaves. See also Bistatic
Microwave Sensor.

MORTISE 1. A rectangular cavity made to receive a lock or other
hardware. 2. The act of making a mortise.

MORTISE BOLT A bolt designed to be installed in a mortise rather than on
the surface. The bolt is operated by a knob, lever or equivalent.

MORTISE CYLINDER A threaded cylinder typically used in mortise locks of
American manufacture.

MORTISE CYLINDER BLANK See Cylinder Blank.

MORTISE LOCK A lock in which the case is recessed into the edge of a
door in a recess specifically cut out to receive it.

MOTHERBOARD The primary electronic printed circuit board within a piece
of equipment. The motherboard usually interfaces with one or more
secondary circuits and may contain receptacles into which other circuit
boards are plugged.

MOTION DETECTOR A sensor that detects movement within a protected area
by comparing sequential energy transmissions or reflections, or ambient
energy field levels. Motion detection systems include infrared,
microwave, and ultrasonic sensors. Also called presence detectors.

MOTION SENSORS See Motion Detector.

MOVABLE CONSTANT See Rotating Constant.

MTBF See Mean Time Between Failure.

MTTR See Mean Time To Repair.

MULLION 1. A movable or fixed center post used on double door openings,
usually for locking purposes. 2. A vertical or horizontal bar or divider
in a frame between windows, doors or other openings.

MULTICOUPLER An impedance matching device that allows several receivers
to share a common antenna. Also called a signal splitter.

MULTI‑DROP LINE Line or circuit interconnecting several stations.

MULTIMETER An abbreviated term for multiple use meter. An electronic
metering device that measures current, resistance or voltage in a
circuit. It may also be used to measure decibel levels in audio
circuits.

MULTIPATH MICROWAVE SENSOR A microwave span sensor that alarms if there
is a change in the reflected signal from a moving object in the fringes
of the beam.

MULTIPLE DWELLING A building or portion of a building designed or used
for occupancy by three or more tenants or families living independently
of each other (includes hotels and motels).

MULTIPLE GATING A means of master keying by providing a tumbler with
more than one gate.

MULTIPLE USER The capability of a computer system to support two or more
users, usually through data terminals. Synonymous with multi‑access.

MULTIPLEX (MUX) A method of transmission whereby more than one channel
of information is transmitted over a single signal path. There are
basically two methods of multiplexing, time division multiplexing and
frequency division multiplexing. Time division multiplexing allots brief
bits of time for each channel to transmit. Frequency division uses
varying frequencies for each channel of transmission. Multiplex signal
transmissions may be simplex, half duplex, or full duplex.

MULTIPLEX ALARM SYSTEM An alarm monitoring system that uses multiplexed
alarm data reporting. Multiplexing is advantageous in large security
systems because considerable alarm input information can be transmitted
continually without the need for extensive homerun wiring from each
sensor.

MULTIPLEXER 1. A device that multiplexes signals for transmission to a
remote annunciator or central station. See also Transponder. 2. In
video, a device that allows a camera to be electronically switched to a
variety of image projection devices.

MULTIPLEXING A technique for the concurrent transmission of two or more
signals in either or both directions, over the same wire, carrier or
other communication channel. The two basic multiplexing techniques are
time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing.

MULTIPLEXING, FREQUENCY DIVISION (FDM) The multiplexing technique which
assigns to each signal a specific set of frequencies (called a channel)
within the larger block of frequencies available on the main
transmission path in much the same way that many radio stations
broadcast at the same time but can be separately received.

MULTIPLEXING, TIME DIVISION (TDM) The multiplexing technique which
provides for the independent transmission of several pieces of
information on a time sharing basis by separating, at frequency
intervals, the data to be transmitted.

MULTIPLEX KEY BLANK Any key blank which is part of a multiplex key
system.

MULTIPLEX KEY SYSTEM 1. A series of different key sections which may be
used to expand a master key system by repeating bittings on additional
key sections. The keys of one key section will not enter the keyway of
another key section. This type of system always includes another key
section which will enter more than one, or all of the keyways. 2. A
keying system which uses such keyways and key sections.

MULTIPLEXING, FREQUENCY DIVISION (FDM) The multiplexing technique which
assigns to each signal a specific set of frequencies called a channel)
within the larger block of frequencies available on the main
transmission path in much the same way that many radio stations
broadcast at the same time but can be separately received.

MULTIPLEXING, TIME DIVISION (TDM) The multiplexing technique that
provides for the independent transmission of several pieces of
information on a time sharing basis by sampling, at frequency intervals,
the data to be transmitted.

MULTI‑PROGRAMMING Interleaved execution of two or more programs by a
computer. Two or more programs time share a piece of equipment on a one
time basis, giving the outward appearance of functioning simultaneously.
Synonymous with multirunning.

MULTI‑SECTION KEY BLANK A key section which enters more than one, but
not all keyways in a multiplex key system.

MULTI‑TASKING The ability to perform two or more computer processes
concurrently.

MUNTIN A small member which divides the glass or openings of sash or
doors.

MUSHROOM DRIVER See Mushroom Pin.

MUSHROOM PIN A pin tumbler, usually a top pin, which resembles a
mushroom. It is typically used to increase pick resistance.

MUSHROOM TUMBLER A type of tumbler used in pin tumbler locks to add
security against picking. The diameter of the driver pin behind the end
in contact with the bottom pin is reduced so that the mushroom head will
catch the edge of the cylinder body at the shear line when it is at a
slight angle to its cavity. See also Spool Tumbler.

MUST KNOW A determination made by the FEMA Control Officer (ACO) that a
prospective, appropriately approved, recipient has a requirement for
access to classified information in order to execute tasks essential to
the fulfillment of the program or contract. Rank, position, title,
existing clearances, or status within Government or industry is not
considered sufficient justification for a \"must know\" determination.
General criteria for access is when a prospective individual is
determined to have a genuine \"must know\" requirement for classified
information and will materially contribute to the program.

MUX See Multiplex.

N

NAK ATTACK (Negative Acknowledge Character) A penetration technique
which capitalizes on a potential weakness in an operating system that
does not handle asychronous interrupts properly and, thus, leaves the
system in an unprotected state during such interrupts.

NANO Prefix meaning one billionth.

NANOMETER A unit of length equal to 10‑9 meter. The preferred name for
millimicron.

NANOSECOND A unit of time equal to 10‑9 second (0.001 microsecond).

NATIONAL CRIME INFORMATION CENTER (NCIC) A central computer operated by
the FBI and connected by direct high speed data transmission circuits to
the computers of local law enforcement agencies.

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NEC) A standard electrical code published by
the National Fire Protection Association. It is sometimes referred to
simply as \"Code.\"

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA) NEMA publishes
manufacturing specifications for wire an electrical products.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA). An organization formed in
1896 to create and promote standards for fire protection and fire
prevention equipment. The issuing organization for the National Fire
Codes.

NATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE (NTSC) In cooperation with the
Federal Communications Commission, this committee assisted in the
creation of color television standards in the United States. NTSC
horizontal scan rate is 525 lines per frame, 30 frames per second. The
NTSC standards are also recognized in Japan.

NATO MARKING A marking which signifies that the document is the property
of NATO and if bearing a security classification may not be passed
outside of the NATO organization except by the originator or with
his/her consent.

NBFAA National Burglar and Fire Alarm Association.

N.C. See Normally Closed.

NCK No change key. Primarily used in hardware schedules.

NEAR POINT 1. The point nearest the eye which can be sharply focused on
the retina. 2. The nearest object to a camera which is still acceptably
sharp when the camera is focused for a given distance.

NEC National Electrical Code.

NEED TO KNOW A determination by persons having responsibility for
specific information that a proposed recipient\'s access to such
information is necessary in the performance of official duties.

NEGATIVE IMAGE A polarity reversal in video transmission. It results in
an image having its light and dark areas reversed.

NEGATIVE LENS A diverging lens; that is, a lens which is thinner at the
center than at the edge, and which can form only a virtual image of the
subject.

NEGATIVE LOCKING Locking achieved solely by spring pressure or gravity
which prevents a key cut too deeply from operating a lock or cylinder.

NEMA See National Electrical Manufacturers Association.

NETWORK A system of interconnected stations such that (subject to
service constraints superimposed on it and not inherent in the system)
any station can communicate to any other station.

NETWORKS, DATA Assemblage of terminals, communications equipment, data
links.

NETWORKS, LEASED LINE Communication channel for one\'s exclusive use.

NETWORKS, MULTI‑POINT Network with three or more terminals usually with
switching.

NEUTRAL DENSITY FILTER A filter which absorbs all colors equally, thus
reducing the intensity of the light transmitted without changing its
chromatically. Used to reduce the exposure when a lens cannot be stopped
down sufficiently.

NEUTRALIZATION See Defeat.

NEWVICON Trade name for a very sensitive video image pickup tube that
uses a cadmium and zinc telluride target. Spectral response is
approximately 470 to 805 nm. The Newvicon is similar to a silicon tube
because it uses a fixed target voltage. When used for low light
situations, the Newvicon provides good resolution and minimal burn in or
lag.

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NICAD Acronym for \"nickel cadmium\". See Nickel‑cadmium Battery.

NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERY A high performance, long lasting rechargeable
battery, with electrodes made of nickle and cadmium. It may be used as
an emergency power supply for an alarm system. The battery with
advantageous low temperature and discharge characteristics and a good
operational life. Its disadvantages are lower cell voltage and energy
density. It is often referred to as a NICAD battery.

NICKNAME Unclassified word(s) which are assigned an unclassified meaning
and employed only for unclassified administrative, morale or public
information purposes.

NIGHT FILTER A filter devised to produce night effects in daylight on
black and white film.

NIGHT LATCH An auxiliary lock having a spring latch bolt and functioning
independently of the regular lock of the door.

NIGHT MODE An alarm system operating mode used during night hours.

NIGHT SETTING See Secure Mode.

NIGHT VISION DEVICE Any type of viewing device that employs infrared or
low light technology to produce discernible images of objects that are
in near total darkness.

NKR See Non‑key Retaining.

NMK A key symbol which means \"not master keyed\" and is suffixed in
parentheses to the regular key symbol. It indicates that the cylinder is
not to be operated by the master key(s) specified in the regular key
symbol; e.g., AB6(NMK).

N.O. See Normally Opened.

NODAL PLANES Two planes, perpendicular to the optical axis of a thick
lens, which contain the nodal points.

NODAL POINTS Two unique points on the optical axis of a thick lens or a
multi‑element lens. A ray of light entering the lens at an angle to the
optical axis, directed toward the first nodal point, will leave the lens
from the second nodal point, parallel to its original direction. The
nodal points of a photographic lens are located on each side of the
center of the lens, and coincide with the principal points. The focal
length of a thick lens is measured from the principal (nodal) point,
rather than from the center of the lens, which is the point from which
the focal length of a thin lens is measured.

NODE A point of convergence on a diagram, chart or graph. Nodes can
represent a state, event, time, convergence, or a coincidence of paths
or flows. A system hardware unit or software location where data is
manipulated.

NOISE An undesirable electrical disturbance affecting performance of a
circuit or electrical system. Noise in a video signal often results in a
grainy image.

NOMINAL VOLTAGE The voltage of a fully charged battery cell when
providing rated current to a circuit.

NON‑BROWNING Term used in connection with lens glass, faceplate glass,
and glass envelopes (vidicons), used in radiation tolerant TV cameras.
Non‑browning glass will not discolor (turn brown) when irradiated with
atomic particles and waveforms.

NONCOMPOSITE VIDEO A video signal that is complete except for
synchronization information.

NON‑DISCUSSION AREA A clearly defined area within a classified facility
where classified discussions are not authorized.

NON‑KEY RETAINING Of or pertaining to a lock whose key can be removed in
both the locked and unlocked positions.

NON‑KEYED Having no provision for key operation. NOTE: This term also
includes privacy function locksets operated by an emergency key.

NONOPERATING TEMPERATURE The manufacturer\'s recommended temperature
range for safe storage of equipment.

NON‑ORIGINAL KEY BLANK Any key blank other than an original key blank.

NON‑REMOVABLE HINGE PIN A type of hinge pin that has been constructed or
modified to make its removal from the hinge difficult or impossible.

NONRETRACTABLE (ONE WAY) SCREW A screw with a head designed to permit
installation with an ordinary screw driver but which resists removal.
They are used to install alarm system components and dual cylinder locks
so that removal is inhibited.

NONVOLATILE MEMORY Memory components that retain all data stored in
memory when power is entirely absent. Equipment with nonvolatile memory
provides a critical advantage in high security applications or when
reprogramming requires a considerable effort.

NORMALLY CLOSED (N.C.) SWITCH A circuit or switch that is in a no fault
state when the circuit is complete and current is flowing. A break in
the circuit causes an alarm condition.

NORMALLY OPEN (N.O.) SWITCH A circuit or switch that is in a no fault
state when the circuit is open and current is unable to flow. Closing
the circuit completes a current path and an alarm condition is
initiated.

NOTCH A shallow depression cut in the edge of a piece of film, used to
mark a particular frame, to cue a change or automatic operation, or to
identify the emulsion. See also notching code.

NOTCH FILTER A special filter, designed to reject a very narrow bank of
frequencies.

NOTCHING CODE One or more notches of characteristic shape, placed by the
manufacturer in one edge of a sheet of photographic film to identify the
emulsion side and the emulsion type. Normally placed in the upper right
hand corner, when facing the emulsion.

NTSC See National Television Systems Committee.

NUISANCE ALARM Activation of an alarm sensor by some influence for which
the sensor was designed but which is not related to an intrusion
attempt.

NUISANCE ALARM RATIO (NAR) The ratio of nuisance alarms to total alarms.
NAR may be expressed as percentage or as a simple ratio.

NUISANCE ALARM RATIO MONTHLY The number of nuisance alarms per
installation per month.

O

O BITTED See Zero Bitted.

OBJECT The figure viewed through or imaged by an optical system.

OBJECT DISTANCE The distance of an object from the eye or from an
optical system. Usually measured from the front nodal point of a lens.

OBJECTIVE The optical component which receives light from the object and
forms the first or primary image. In cameras, the image formed by the
objective is the final image. In telescopes and microscopes, when used
visually, the image formed by the objective is magnified by means of an
eyepiece.

OBJECTIVE APERTURE That part of the objective which can pass light.
Since this area is usually circular in shape, its size may be indicated
by its diameter.

OBJECT PLANE That plane normal to the optical axis of a lens that
contains the object.

OBJECT PROTECTION See Spot Protection.

ODOMETER METHOD A means of progressing key bittings using a progression
sequence of right to left.

OERSTED A unit of measurement of magnetic strength.

OFF‑HOOK A station or trunk is termed off hook if it is being used to
initiate or actively engage in communications either with the CTS itself
or with another station or trunk by means of a link established by the
CTS.

OFF‑LINE 1. A peripheral that has been switched out of the operational
portion of a system. 2. Processing data without the use of main or
central computer time. 3. A device that works in conjunction with a
computerized system, but is not directly connected to it.

OFF‑LINE CARD READER An access control card reader that contains its own
intelligence for granting entry/exit. Also called a stand alone,
intelligent, or self contained reader.

OFFSET The overlapping of span sensor beam coverage by staggering the
transmitters and receivers. This prevents any gaps in beam coverage that
can be circumvented by an intruder.

OFFSET PIVOT (or HINGE) A pin socket hardware device with a single
bearing contact, by means of which a door is suspended in its frame and
allowed to swing about an axis which normally is located about 1.9 cm
(3/4 in) out from the door face.

OHM A unit of measurement for resistance. See Resistance.

ONE BITTED Of or pertaining to a cylinder which is or is to be
combinated to keys cut to the manufacturer\'s reference number one
bitting.

ONE COLUMN PROGRESSION A process wherein key bittings are obtained by
using the cut possibilities in one column of the key bitting array.

ONE PIN MASTER KEY A master key for all combinations obtained by
progressing only one bitting position.

ONE‑WAY SCREW A screw specifically designed to resist being removed,
once installed. See also Non‑retractable Screw and Tamper Resistant
Hardware.

ON‑HOOK When a station or trunk is not being used to initiate or
actively engage in communication with another station or trunk, it is
termed on‑hook.

ON‑LINE 1. A peripheral that is part of a functional system. 2.
Operating under the control of main or central computer time. 3. A
device directly connected to, and interacting with a functional system.

ON‑LINE CARD READER A card access reader that depends on connection to a
central computer for instructions.

ON‑LINE SECURITY Security features that provide continuing assurance of
protection and notification of discrepancies during operational
conditions. See also Real Time Security.

OPEN CIRCUIT ALARM See Break Alarm.

OPEN CIRCUIT SYSTEM A system in which the sensors are connected in
parallel. When a sensor is activated, the circuit is closed, permitting
a current which activates an alarm signal.

OPEN CODE See Direct Code.

OPENING SIZE See Door Opening.

OPEN STORAGE The storage of classified materials in other than GSA
approved security containers within an accredited classified facility
when it is not occupied by authorized personnel.

OPERATING KEY Any key which will properly operate a lock or cylinder to
lock or unlock the lock mechanism and is not a control key or reset key.
See Change Key.

OPERATING SYSTEM In reference to computer software, an assemblage of
programs or routines that control the computer functions. It includes
program execution and processing times for CPU, memory, and hardware.

OPERATING TEMPERATURE The temperature range for normal operation of
equipment or components.

OPERATIONAL DATA SECURITY The protection of data from either accidental,
or unauthorized, intentional modification, destruction or disclosure
during input, processing or output operations.

OPERATIONAL SECURITY (OPSEC) 1. Control of activities to promote
continuous efficient productivity of the system by designating
conditions for the operation of data processing, telecommunications,
environmental control, and utility service equipment. 2. The protection
of sensitive information from either accidental or unauthorized,
intentional modification, destruction, or disclosure during data input,
processing, or output operations. 3. Conformance with specified OPSEC
doctrine to preclude enemy acquisition of useful, sensitive information.
See Operational Data Security; Tactical Security; Transaction Security;
Application Security.

OPERATOR For a window sash, the mechanism, including a crank handle and
gear box, attached to an operating arm or arms for the purpose of
opening and closing a window. Usually found on casement and awning type
windows.

OPTICAL AXIS An imaginary line passing through the centers of curvature
of all the lens elements in a compound lens.

OPTICAL SECURITY Those security measures designed and used to deny
visual access to classified objects, documents, rooms, etc.

OPTICAL SYSTEM All the optical elements designed to contribute to the
formation of an image.

OPTICAL TURNSTILE A non‑barrier turnstile that is often used in
conjunction with a badge or card reader. The turnstile consists of two
upright columns with a beam passing between them. When an individual
breaks the beam, a signal is sent to the central guard post while also
activating a CCTV link. This guard alert focuses the operator\'s
attention on the active entry/exit portals, and allows a higher
throughput during times of peak activity.

OPTICAL DENSITY CARD An access control card that is fabricated of a
translucent material and has areas of controlled varying density. The
variations in light transmission through the card are used to represent
numerical values. Optical‑density cards are considered for high security
applications because of their relative difficulty to duplicate. Also
called a varying density holographic card.

OPTICAL DENSITY CARD READER A card reader that interprets light
transmission variations through an optical density card.

OR CIRCUIT A basic electrical circuit that outputs power if either or
both inputs are powered.

ORIGINAL CLASSIFICATION This is an initial determination that
information requires, in the interest of national security, protection
against unauthorized disclosure, together with a classification
designation signifying the level of protection required. Original
classification actions may only be accomplished by an Original
Classification authority formally designated in accordance with the
provisions of Executive Order 12356.

ORIGINAL KEY See Factory Original Key and Code Original Key.

ORIGINAL KEY BLANK A key blank supplied by the lock manufacturer to fit
that manufacturer\'s specific product.

OSCILLOSCOPE CAMERA A still or motion picture camera designed or
modified to photograph the image on cathode ray oscilloscope screens.
The camera may be equipped to record supplementary data on the same
frame as the image.

OUTPUT 1. Processed data from the computer. 2. The signal level at the
output of an amplifier or other device.

OVERHEAD DOOR A door which is stored overhead when in the open position.

OVERLOAD A load greater than that which an amplifier, other component,
or a whole system is designed to carry.

OVERSHOOT The initial transient response to a uni‑directional change in
input, which exceeds the steady state response.

OVERT Not hidden, open to public view, obvious.

P

PADLOCK A detachable and portable lock with a hinged or sliding shackle
or bolt, normally used with a hasp and eye or staple system.

PAGE MASTER KEY The three pin master key for all combinations listed on
a page in the standard progression format.

PAIRING In video, a fault interlace scan in which alternating scan lines
overlap. This results in a reduction of vertical resolution.

PAL See Phase Alternating Line.

PAN 1. An abbreviation for panchromatic. 2. The ability of a CCTV camera
to move side to side. 3. To move a CCTV camera horizontally to increase
its field of view

PANCHROMATIC Black and white film sensitive to all visible colors of
light.

PANEL DOOR A door fabricated from one or more panels surrounded by and
held in position by rails and stiles.

PANIC ALARM A sensor or contact that reports a panic situation. Panic
may be a medical emergency or life threatening occurrence. Panic alarms
are often located at strategic points in public institutions and private
residences. See Duress Alarm.

PANIC BAR A quick release exit bar mounted on a door to permit fast
opening in a fire or panic situation. See Crash Bar.

PANIC BUTTON See Duress Alarm.

PANIC HARDWARE An exterior door locking mechanism which is always
operable from inside the building by pressure on a crash bar or lever.

PAN/TILT A motorized device upon which a CCTV camera is mounted. The
pan/tilt unit allows the camera to move within a given range in two
axes.

PARABOLIC MIRROR A concave mirror with the curvature of a parabola used
in passive infrared detectors to define coverage zones.

PARACENTRIC Of or pertaining to a keyway with one or more wards on each
side projecting beyond the vertical center line of the keyway to hinder
picking.

PARALLEL CIRCUIT A method of circuit interconnection in which all
components in the circuit share a common positive and a common negative
connection. Voltage is the same across each component in the circuit.

PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONS An interface mode simultaneously transmitting
all bits making up a character or byte, either over separate lines or
channels.

PARALLEL OPERATION In reference to computers, the processing of all
digits in a byte or word simultaneously by transmitting each digit on a
separate communication channel.

PARITY The creation of uniform odd or even values for data words by
using parity bits. Parity is used as a check to ensure that bits are not
lost or changed during tranmission of data. See also Parity Bit.

PARITY BIT A single data bit that is the final bit in a series. The
value of the parity bit is such as to make the sum of all the bits in a
series always odd or always even.

PARITY CHECK The process of verifying the validity of a data word by
using parity bits.

PASSIVE BRIDGE A method of communicating between a subscriber and a
central station that uses regenerating circuitry to process and amplify
signals.

PASSIVE INFRARED SENSOR (PIR) A sensor that detects rapid changes in
infrared energy (heat) within a specific protected area. Passive means
receive only; the unit does not transmit. Passive infrared sensors
contain a segmented mirror. This mirror creates several fields of view,
or beam patterns, for the sensing element. The sensor measures the level
of infrared heat in each field of view. The processing circuitry of a
PIR requires a changing heat differential moving between the sensing
segments in the protection pattern to initiate an alarm.

PASSIVE INTRUSION SENSOR A passive sensor in an intrusion alarm system
which detects an intruder within the range of the sensor. Examples are
sound sensing detection system, an infrared motion detector, and an E
Field sensor.

PASSIVE MICROWAVE REFLECTOR A metallic planar reflector that extends
microwave span sensor coverage to areas having tight spaces or uneven
terrain. It is also used for joining adjacent microwave sectors.

PASSIVE SENSOR Any type of sensor that does not generate or transmit a
signal for the purpose of detection. Passive sensors detect the
disturbance of ambient natural radiation or the introduction of a new
radiation source within the sensor\'s protection coverage. A passive
infrared detector, for example, fixes on the radiation of heat ambient
to a protection zone. An intruder entering the area creates new
radiation levels and the sensor\'s associated electronics has comparator
circuitry that initiates an alarm when a sufficient charge occurs.

PASSIVE ULTRASONIC ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which detects the sounds
in the ultrsonic frequency range caused by an attempted forcible entry
into a protected structure. The system consists of microphones, a
control unit containing an amplifier, filters, and accumulator, and a
power supply. The unit\'s sensitivity is adjustable so that ambient
noises or normal sounds will not initiate an alarm signal; however,
noise above the preset level or a sufficient accumulation of impulses
will initiate an alarm.

PASSIVE ULTRASONIC DETECTOR A detector that reacts to sound frequencies
within a specified range, usually those frequencies associated with
breaking glass or similar intrusion evidence. Detectors are tunable to
eliminate frequencies that are sources of false alarm input.

PASSWORD 1. A protected word or a string of characters that identifies
or authenticates a user, a specific resource or an access type.
Synonymous with keyword. 2. A special word or character grouping that
must be entered into a computer to gain a specified level of information
access or operation authority.

PATCH PANEL A panel that joins or terminates many different circuits.
This is accomplished with jacks, plug‑in modules, or simplified terminal
blocks.

PATTERN KEY Any key which is used in a key duplication machine to create
a duplicate key.

PATTERN LOCATOR A visual indicator on volumetric type sensors that
allows the user to determine the boundaries of the sensor\'s protection
pattern.

PCB See Printed Circuit Board.

PCZ See Physical Control Zone.

PEAK LINE CURRENT Maximum instantaneous current during a cycle.

PEAK LUMENS The total luminous flux produced by a source at the instant
of maximum intensity. Usually applied to the varying light output of a
pulse source such as a photographic flash lamp.

PEAK PULSE AMPLITUDE The maximum absolute peak value of a pulse,
excluding those portions considered to be unwanted, such as spikes.

PEAK‑TO‑PEAK A value based on the difference between the maximum
positive and maximum negative points of a waveform.

PEANUT CYLINDER A mortise cylinder of 3/4\" diameter.

PEDESTAL LEVEL See Blanking Level.

PEELING See Jamb Peeling.

PENCIL OF LIGHT A very narrow bundle of light rays diverging from a
point source or converging toward an image point.

PENDULUM VIBRATION SENSOR A detector used on building members that
contains a flat leaf spring at a fixed end and electrical contacts at a
free other end. Vibrations from an impacting tool or explosive will
cause the pendulum to swing and the electrical contacts to touch
contacts on the structural member, closing an electrical circuit and
initiating an alarm.

PENETRATION RESISTANCE Ability to withstand attack by a sophisticated
burglar or terrorist or other person(s) using proper tools to achieve
rapid penetration, and the ability to withstand attack from a vandal,
looter, or other person(s) without knowledge of the tools described
above.

PERCENTAGE SUPERVISION A method of line supervision in which the current
in or resistance of a supervised line is monitored for changes. When the
change exceeds a selected percentage of the normal operating current or
resistance in the line, an alarm signal is produced.

PERIMETER The edge or boundary of property or location.

PERIMETER ALARM SYSTEM 1. An alarm system which provides perimeter
protection. 2. A warning system which detects entry, or attempted entry
through the walls, doors, windows, vents and/or other perimeter openings
and, if required, the floors and ceilings of a facility.

PERIMETER PROTECTION Protection of access to the outer limits of a
protected area, by means of physical barriers, sensors on physical
barriers, or exterior sensors not associated with a physical barrier.

PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT Any device that interfaces with a computer to
perform a dedicated task. Peripheral equipment may include printers,
data entry terminals, and additional memory storage units.

PERMANENT CIRCUIT An alarm circuit which is capable of transmitting an
alarm signal whether the alarm control is in access mode or secure mode.
Used, for example, on foiled fixed windows, tamper switches, and
supervisory lines. See also Supervisory Alarm System, Supervisory
Circuit and Permanent Protection.

PERMANENT PROTECTION A system of alarm devices such as foil, burglar
alarm pads or lacings connected in a permanent circuit to provide
protection whether the control unit is in the access mode or secure
mode.

PERSISTENCE In a cathode ray tube the period of time a phosphor
continues to glow after excitation is removed.

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (PIN) A unique numeric code used with a
card to gain access, via a card reader that has a digital keypad.

PHANTOM KEY See Incidental Master Key.

PHASE The relative time of change in values of current or electromotive
force. Values which change together are in phase. Difference in phase is
expressed in degrees, a complete cycle or double reversal being taken as
360 degress. A 180 degree phase difference is complete opposition in
phase. Three cycles or phases are produced due to the design of the
electrical generators. The transmission of alternating current usually
contains three separate sinusoidal waveforms or phases, the leading
edges of which are 120 degrees apart. Power is transmitted in three
phases to enable power lines to carry heavier loads than is possible
with single phase current. Within an electrical distribution system, the
electrical load should generally be balanced so as to place a similar
share of the electrical load on each phase.

PHASE ALTERNATING LINE The television standard for Europe, Australia,
and parts of the Middle East and Africa. The PAL format uses 625
horizontal scan lines at 25 frames per second.

PHASE COMPENSATION Switching capacitors into or out of the power
distribution network to compensate for load power factor variations.

PHASE LOCK LOOP 1. An extremely stable electronic circuit that is
sensitive to minute shifts in an incoming signal and which adjusts
itself to stay locked in phase with that signal if it drifts or changes
in frequency. 2. In alarms, a circuit which alarms when a monitored
signal changes radically in phase, whether by complete or partial
interruption of a monitored beam pattern, or by an increase in signal
level deriving from outside transmission interference.

PHASE‑SHIFT The difference between corresponding points on input and
output signal waveshapes.

PHOTOELECTRIC ALARM See Photoelectric Sensor.

PHOTOELECTRIC ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which employs a light beam
and photoelectric sensor to provide a line of protection. Any
interruption of the beam by an intruder is detected by the sensor.
Mirrors may be used to change the direction of the beam. The maximum
beam length is limited by many factors, some of which are the light
source intensity, number of mirror reflections, detector sensitivity,
beam divergence, fog, and haze.

PHOTOELECTRIC ALARM SYSTEM, MODULATED A photoelectric alarm system in
which the transmitted light beam is modulated in a predetermined manner
and in which the receiving equipment will signal an alarm unless it
receives the properly modulated light.

PHOTOELECTRIC BEAM TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR A smoke detector which has a
light source which projects a light beam across the area to be protected
onto a photo‑electric cell. Smoke between the light source and the
receiving cell reduces the light reaching the cell, causing actuation.

PHOTOELECTRIC CELL A detector which produces an electrical signal upon
exposure to light.

PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR See Photo‑electric Sensor.

PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR A kind of motion detector which uses a focused beam
of light (usually ultraviolet). Any interruption in the light path will
set off the alarm. The beam is usually aimed so that an intruder would
have to break the beam in order to move through the protected area.
Sometimes called an \"electric eye.\" See also Photoelectric Alarm
System and Photoelectric Alarm System, Modulated.

PHOTOELECTRIC SPOT TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR A smoke detector which contains a
chamber with covers which prevent the entrance of light but allow the
entrance of smoke. The chamber contains a light source and a photo
sensitive cell so placed that light is blocked from it. When smoke
enters, the smoke particles scatter and reflect the light into the
photosensitive cell, causing an alarm.

PHOTO IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM A badge or identification card with a
photograph of the authorized individual appearing on the identification.
It is usually laminated in a clear plastic that destroys the face of the
identification card if an attempt is made to delaminate the badge.

PHOTOMETER An instrument or device for measuring luminance. When used
with suitable attachments, it can also be used for measuring luminous
intensity or illumination. When combined with a suitable calculator, it
can be used as an exposure meter.

PHOTON‑LIMITED SENSITIVITY When the quantity of available light is the
limiting factor in the sensitivity of a device.

PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SOURCE An array of solar power cells that can be used
as an electric generator and battery charge controller.

PHYSICAL CONTROL ZONE A continuous space continuously protected against
unauthorized access of intrusion.

PHYSICAL SECURITY 1. Physical measures designed to safeguard personnel
and to prevent unauthorized access to facilities, material and
documents, and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage and
theft. 2. A protective measure which provides such safeguards.

PHYSICAL SECURITY EQUIPMENT A generic term encompassing any item, device
or system which is used primarily for the protection of government
property and resources, personnel, installations and facilities and
national security information including the routine or emergency means
of destroying such information.

PICK 1. To manipulate tumblers in a keyed lock mechanism through the
keyway, without obvious damage, by means other than the specifically
designed key. 2. A tool or instrument, other than the specifically
designed key, made for the purpose of manipulating tumblers in a lock or
cylinder into the locked or unlocked position through the keyway,
without obvious damage. See Lock Pick.

PICK KEY A type of manipulation key, cut or modified to operate a lock
or cylinder.

PICKING See Lock Picking.

PICKUP TUBE See Image Pickup Tube.

PICTURE ELEMENT Any segment of a scanning line, the dimension of which
along the line is exactly equal to the nominal line width.

PICTURE SIZE The useful area of a picture tube.

PICTURE TUBE The cathode ray tube in a TV monitor or receiver on which
the picture is produced by variation of the beam intensity as the beam
scans the raster.

PIEZO‑AUDIO INDICATOR A small alerting or signaling device that
generates an audible tone when powered.

PIEZOELECTRIC DETECTOR A detector that contains a piezoelectric element.
Under stress, the piezo element generates an electric current. This
phenomena is applied to alarm sensors that are sensitive to a change in
the structure on which they are mounted. Some types of glass break
detectors respond only to the frequency of breaking glass.

PIGGYBACK ENTRY 1. Gaining physical access to a controlled area by
entering simultaneously with an authorized person with or without their
knowledge and participation. Also known as tailgating. 2. Using a
computer or terminal which is covertly connected to the same line as an
authorized device such that the host computer is unable to distinguish
between the signals of the authorized and the unauthorized user.

PILFERAGE Theft, usually of small amounts, often committed by employees.

PIN 1. In a pin tumbler cylinder lock, the small cylindrical pieces that
move up and down inside the shell. The length of the pins is varied, if
the right key is inserted, the pins will be pushed up against the spring
driven \"drivers\", clear of the shear line, allowing the plug to turn
and activate the lock mechanism. See pin tumbler. 2. The metal rod that
serves as the axis of a hinge and thereby allows the hinge (and attached
door or window) to rotate between the open and closed positions.

PIN CELL See Pin Chamber.

PIN CHAMBER The corresponding hole drilled into the cylinder shell
and/or plug to accept the pin(s) and spring.

PINCUSHION DISTORTION A type of lens distortion in which straight lines
near the edge of the image are bowed inward toward the lens axis. The
opposite of barrel distortion. Also called positive distortion.

PINHOLE CAMERA A camera using a tiny aperture or pinhole in place of a
lens.

PINHOLE LENS A special lens with compressed optics designed for covert
observation. Pinhole lenses are only a fraction of an inch (0.1 ‑ 0.25
inch) in diameter, at the face of the lens. This allows many types of
concealment applications. It is used for surveillance of high shrinkage
areas or for investigation purposes.

PIN KIT A type of keying kit for a pin tumbler mechanism.

PINNING BLOCK A holding fixture which assists in the loading of tumblers
into a cylinder or cylinder plug.

PINNING CHART A numerical diagram which indicates the sizes and order of
installation of the various pins into a cylinder. The sizes are usually
indicated by a manufacturer\'s reference number which equals the
quantity of increments a tumbler represents.

PIN SEGMENT See Pin Tumbler.

PIN SET See Pin.

PIN STACK All the tumblers in a given pin chamber. See also Pin Stack
Height.

PIN STACK HEIGHT The measurement of a pin stack, often expressed in
units of the lock manufacturer\'s increment or as an actual dimension.

PIN TRAY See Layout Tray.

PIN TUMBLER One of the essential, distinguishing components of a pin
tumbler lock cylinder, more precisely called a bottom pin, master pin or
driver pin. The pin tumblers, used in varying lengths and arrangements,
determine the combination of the cylinder. See also Bottom Pin, Driver
Pin and Master Pin.

PIN TUMBLER LOCK CYLINDER A lock cylinder employing metal pins
(tumblers) to prevent the rotation of the core until the correct key is
inserted into the keyway. Small coil compression springs hold the pins
in the locked position until the key is inserted.

PIN TWEEZERS A tool used in handling tumblers and springs.

PIR See Passive Infrared and Passive Infrared Sensor.

PIVOTED DOOR A door hung on pivots rather than hinges.

PIVOTED WINDOW A window which opens by pivoting about a horizontal or
vertical axis.

PIVT See Post Indicator Value Transmitter.

PLAIN TEXT A message obtained after decoding a cryptogram or cipher.

PLENUM CABLE Any type of single or multiconductor cable designed to
withstand fire damage. The term refers to air plenums, the air flow
ducts installed above suspended ceilings or between walls. Electrical
cables associated with fire and alarm systems are often contained in air
plenums.

PLUG The part of a cylinder which contains the keyway, with tumbler
chambers usually corresponding to those in the cylinder shell.

PLUG FOLLOWER A tool used to allow removal of the cylinder plug while
retaining the top pins, springs, and/or other components within the
shell.

PLUG HOLDER A holding fixture which assists in the loading of tumblers
into a cylinder plug.

PLUG IRON See Plug Follower and Set‑up Plug.

PLUG RETAINER The part often fixed to the rear of the core in a lock
cylinder to retain or hold the core firmly in the cylinder.

PLUG SET‑UP CHART See Pinning Chart.

PLUG VISE See Plug Holder.

PLUMBICON A trade name for a video image pickup tube of the direct
readout design. The tube uses a lead oxide target and is more sensitive
than Vidicon tubes. Used in color cameras, the Plumbicon has minimal
picture lag.

PLUS A term used to denote a converging or positive lens, derived from
the focal length, in diopters, of such a lens, which is a positive
number.

PNEUMATIC TUBE HEAT DETECTOR A line‑type rate‑of‑rise heat detector that
consists of a continuous loop of tubing mounted on a ceiling or overhead
area. In operation, heat at the rated operating temperature expands air
in the tube. This expansion is converted by a transducer into an alarm
signal.

POINT LIGHT SOURCE Ideally, a light source with zero dimensions.
Practically, a light source whose maximum dimension is very small
compared to the distance from which it is viewed.

POINT PROTECTION A sensor or group of sensors used to detect an
intrusion or monitor an event that is confined to a small coverage area.
This includes monitoring an individual object such as a safe. See Spot
Protection.

POINT SENSOR A sensor designed to detect anyone approaching, touching or
attempting to remove an object from its container or attempting to
penetrate a storage area. Capacitance proximity, pressure switches and
mechanical vibration are the most commonly used point sensors. See also
Spot Protection.

POLARITY Having a positive or a negative electrical charge.

POLARITY OF PICTURE SIGNAL The use of either positive or negative
potential for dark areas in a picture. Polarity is either black negative
or black positive.

POLARITY REVERSAL CIRCUIT A direct current alarm signal circuit that
reverses polarity upon the initiation of an alarm. The polarity reversal
is detected and annunciated by an alarm signal receiver.

POLICE CONNECTION The direct link by which an alarm system is connected
to an annunciator installed in a police station. Examples of a police
connection are an alarm line, or a radio communications channel.

POLICE PANEL See Police Station Unit.

POLICE PROTECTIVE SYSTEM A generic term encompassing all the protective
elements, including the facilities, counterforces, and operations that
come into play from the initiation of a criminal act to the apprehension
of the perpetrator.

POLICE STATION UNIT An annunciator which can be placed in operation in a
police station.

POLLING The process whereby a central processor electronically
interrogates data transmitters or transponders within a system to gather
the most current status of data being handled by the transmitters or
transponders. Polling is used in almost all systems using multiplex
transmission.

POLLING INTERVAL The amount of time between successive interrogations of
any one device.

POLYGRAPH A device that measures stress reactions in an individual. It
is used in investigations and employee screening. Also called a Lie
Detector.

PORT A point or points in a device or system through which other devices
or systems interface.

PORTABLE DURESS SENSOR A sensor with RF or ultrasonic transmission
capability that may be carried by an individual. If the individual is
confronted with a duress situation or an emergency, the sensor is
activated either manually or automatically (such as being in a
horizontal orientation past a specified period). Activation of the
sensor transmits a signal to a local receiver that, in turn, sends a
signal to a central alarm monitoring station. It is normally used for
tour guard or sentry applications.

PORTABLE INTRUSION SENSOR An intrusion sensor that may be set up quickly
and without need for permanent wiring or installation. It is used for
temporary service at short term protection areas, while permanent
installations are in the process of being built.

PORTED COAX A type of buried field disturbance sensor. The sensor
consists of a coaxial transmit cable and one or two coaxial receive
cables. All cables are buried parallel, four to six inches below the
surface, and several feet apart. The transmit cable has a special
\"leaky\" or ported shield which radiates electrical energy. An
intruder, in the radiating field, producing those frequencies that are
typical of human movement, initiates an alarm. Also called leaky coax.

POSITIONAL MASTER KEYING A method of master keying typical of certain
binary type disc tumbler key knob locks and of magnetic and dimple key
cylinders. Of all possible tumbler positions within a cylinder, only a
limited number contain active tumblers. The locations of these active
tumblers are rotated among all possible positions to generate key
changes. Higher level keys must have more cuts or magnets than lower
level keys.

POSITIVE LOCKING The condition brought about when a key cut which is too
high forces its tumbler into the locking position. This type of locking
does NOT rely on gravity or spring pressure.

POSITIVE NON‑INTERFERING ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system that consists of
more than one transmitter on one line. In the event of multiple alarms,
only one transmitter can command use of the alarm data line until
transmission is complete. Use of the line is then relegated to the next
alarming transmitter.

POST INDICATOR VALVE A valve used to monitor the main water supply to
fire sprinkler systems. It is usually located at a building\'s exterior.

POST INDICATOR VALVE TRANSMITTER (PIVT) A device that activates a signal
upon the opening or closing of a post indicator valve.

POTENTIOMETER A control for varying the resistance in a circuit, often
referred to as a \"pot.\" A volume control is an example of a
potentiometer.

POWER (OF A LENS) The reciprocal of the focal length of a lens in
meters, expressed in plus diopters for converging lenses and minus
diopters for diverging lenses. A lens with a focal length of 10 mm (0.01
m) has a power of 100 diopters.

POWER CONDITIONER A device that provides \"clean\" power to computers or
computer based systems. Power conditioners remove electrical noise from
power input lines and regulate voltage to keep it within the optimum
specification range for the computer or the electrical device being
powered.

POWER OUTAGE An interruption of commercial power.

PRACTICAL KEY CHANGES The total number of usable different combinations
available for a specific cylinder or lock mechanism.

PRE‑ALARM 1. A buzzer or similar alerting device used in door entry/exit
delay circuits to remind the user to disarm the system upon entry before
the system transmits an alarm to the central station. 2. An automatic or
manually generated alarm indication to notify security personnel of a
fault. The security staff then has the option of exercising a general
alarm. Also called a pre‑signal alarm.

PREAMPLIFIER A device used to boost a signal\'s strength to a level
above any interfering noise on the line.

PREASSEMBLED LOCK A lock that has all the parts assembled into a unit at
the factory and, when installed in a section cut out of the door at the
lock edge, requires little or no assembly. Also called an integral lock,
a mono‑lock and a unit lock.

PRE‑ENTRY SYSTEM See Telephone Entry System.

PRECISION CAMERA Any camera capable of giving dimensional and definition
results with a high order of accuracy.

PREMISE CONTROL UNIT A device that locally resets an alarm or places a
protected area into a secure or access mode.

PREP KEY A type of guard key for a safe deposit box lock with only one
keyway. It must be turned once and withdrawn before the renter\'s key
will unlock the unit.

PRESENCE DETECTOR See Motion Detector.

PRESSED PADLOCK A padlock whose outer case is pressed into shape from
sheet metal and then riveted together.

PRESSURE ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which protects a vault or other
enclosed space by maintaining and monitoring a predetermined air
pressure differential between the inside and outside of the space.
Equalization of pressure resulting from opening the vault or cutting
through the enclosure will be sensed and will initiate an alarm signal.

PRESSURE MAT A thin rubber or vinyl intrusion sensing mat designed for
placement under rugs or similar floor coverings. Pressure on the mat
closes built‑in, normally open electrical strip switches and initiates
an alarm signal. It is often referred to as an area mat. See also Switch
Runner.

PRESSURE SENSOR A sensor used to protect an enclosed area that can be
isolated or made airtight. The enclosed area is pressurized with air or
gas to a given rating. When the pressure differential changes (such as
when a vault door is opens), an alarm is initiated.

PRESSURE SWITCH A supervisory sensor for monitoring the pressure drop in
fire sprinkler systems. Pressure switches can detect minor leaks and
prevent water damage.

PRESSURE LOCKED GRATING A grating in which the cross bars are
mechanically locked to the bearing bars at their intersections by
deforming or swaging the metal.

PREVENTIVE SECURITY Protective measures and strategies established to
preclude potential losses rather than controlling the effects of loss
through insurance or acceptance. See also Reactive Security.

PRIMARY CODE A master control code that activates keypad functions in an
alarm system. See also Auxiliary Code.

PRIMARY ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCE That source of power, either external
commercial or internal, which provides power to the site facilities on a
day‑to‑day basis.

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) Printed circuit boards are made of a
non‑conductive fiberboard or epoxy glass base with a copper foil facing
on one or both sides. Electrically conductive traces are etched into the
copper surface and electronic components are soldered to the trace
pattern to create a circuit. Printed circuit boards are used in almost
all computers and electronic devices. A PC board is sometimes referred
to as a circuit card.

PRINTING RECORDER An electromechanical device used at a monitoring
station which accepts coded signals from alarm lines and converts them
to an alphanumeric printed record of the signal received.

PRIVACY KEY A key which operates on SKD cylinder. See Emergency Key.

PRIVACY LOCK A lock, usually for an interior door, secured by a button,
thumbturn, etc., and not designed for key operation.

PRIVILEGED INSTRUCTION 1. A set of instructions generally executable
only when the ADP system is operating in the executive state or
supervisor state; for example, the handling of interrupts. 2. Special
computer instructions designated to control the protection features of
an ADP system; for example, the storage protection features.

PROBABILITY That portion of a security survey which attempts to evaluate
the likelihood of a given risk.

PROCESS MONITORING The use of an alarm monitoring system to annunciate
events associated with industrial machinery, such as temperature limits
or overload switches.

PROCESSOR 1. A software term for a program that carries out data
processing functions. 2. A hardware term for a device that processes
data.

PROFILE See Key Section and Keyway.

PROFILE CYLINDER A cylinder with a usually uniform cross section, which
slides into place and usually is held by a mounting screw. It is
typically used in mortise locks of non‑U.S. manufacture.

PROGRAM A set of instructions for the computer to perform a specific
function or set of functions.

PROGRAM AMPLIFIER See Line Amplifier.

PROGRAM BOARD A circuit card, located in a card reader, that contains
the facility code for that reader. Program boards may be changed, thus
allowing a new set of cards to be used. Also called a matrix card.

PROGRAM KEY See Reset Key.

PROGRAMMABLE CARDS Access cards that may be programmed at any time after
manufacture. Magnetic stripe cards are an example of programmable cards.

PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY (PROM) Generally any type of memory which
is not recorded during its fabrication (ROM is recorded during
manufacture) but requires a physical operation to program it. Programmed
by selectively burning out fusible links at each memory cell.

PROGRAMMABLE STAND ALONE CARD READER A card reader that contains its own
intelligence and has the built in capability for changing access codes
or other functions.

PROGRESS To select possible key bittings from the key bitting array,
usually in numerical order.

PROGRESSION A logical sequence of selecting possible key bittings,
usually in numerical order from the key bitting array.

PROGRESSION COLUMN A listing of the key bitting possibilities available
in one bitting position as displayed in a column of the key bitting
array.

PROGRESSION FORMULA See Key Bitting Array.

PROGRESSION LIST A bitting list of change keys and master keys arranged
in sequence of progression.

PROGRESSION SEQUENCE See Sequence of Progression.

PROGRESSIVE Any bitting position which is progressed rather than held
constant.

PROJECTION See Bolt Projection.

PROJECTION LENS A lens, usually without a variable aperture, used for
projecting pictures.

PROM See Programmable Read Only Memory.

PROPAGATION ATTACK Causing progressively larger amounts of system
resources to be allocated to a particular application thereby depriving
legitimate users of system access.

PROPRIETARY Of or pertaining to a keyway and key section assigned
exclusively to one end user by the lock manufacturer. It may also be
protected by law from duplication.

PROPRIETARY ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which is similar to a central
station alarm system except that the annunciator is located in a
constantly manned guard room maintained by the owner for his own
internal security operations. The guards monitor the system and respond
to all alarm signals or alert local law enforcement agencies or both.

PROTECTED AREA An area monitored by an alarm system or guards, or
enclosed by a suitable barrier.

PROTECTED PORT A point of entry such as a door, window, or corridor
which is monitored by sensors connected to an alarm system.

PROTECTION DEVICE 1. A barrier which inhibits intrusion, such as a
grille, lock, fence or wall. 2. A sensor such as a grid, foil, contact,
or photoelectric sensor connected into an intrusion alarm system.

PROTECTION, EXTERIOR PERIMETER A line of protection surrounding but
somewhat removed from a facility. Examples are fences, barrier walls, or
patrolled points of a perimeter.

PROTECTION, OBJECT System for protecting a specific object such as a
safe or file cabinet, by the use of a capacitance detector or similar
device.

PROTECTION OFF See Access Mode.

PROTECTION ON See Secure Mode.

PROTECTION PATTERN Area of protection covered by a sensing device.

PROTECTIVE SCREEN A grid or burglar alarm pad.

PROTECTIVE SIGNALING The initiation, transmission, and reception of
signals involved in the detection and prevention of property loss due to
fire, burglary, or other destructive conditions. Also, the electronic
supervision of persons and equipment concerned with this detection and
prevention. See also Line Supervision and Supervisory Alarm System.

PRO‑TEX The procedures and techniques used in the actual implementation
of security processes within a particular program system. A derivative
of procedures and techniques. It designates the means which can be
utilized in the actual establishment of a security program.

PROTOCOL A control method for sending and receiving data within a system
by establishing timing and format criteria that govern all information
interchange.

PROXIMITY ALARM SYSTEM See Capacitance Alarm System.

PROXIMITY CARD READER A card reader that uses a tuned circuit card, and
which requires that the card be passed only in close proximity to the
reader. It does not require card contact or insertion. The cards contain
\"tuned\" RF circuits that disturb a frequency generated by the reader.
The frequency fluctuations are interpreted by the system processor
circuitry to determine coding. Advantages include nonaccessibility of
the reader to vandalism, and a lower maintenance factor due to the lack
of a need for electromechanical operation in a reader that is vulnerable
to the environment.

PROXIMITY DETECTION Detection of presence by one of several types of
sensors. Motion is not required.

PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ANALYZER A device that detects possible stress
related frequency modulation in the human voice. This data helps to
ascertain the truthfulness of a spoken statement. The device can be used
with recorded speech.

PUBLIC SECURITY Protective services provided by and for all government
agencies to promote the general welfare. Law enforcement and emergency
service (collectively termed public safety) agency performance of
authorized functions.

PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY An encryption algorithm under development as an
alternative to the Data Encryption Standard. Public key cryptography
uses an algorithm having two keys, one for encryption and one for
decryption. The encryption key is made public, while the decryption key
is kept secret. See also Data Encryption.

PULL STATION A manual switch housed in a heavy duty equipment box
designed for public or easy access. It can be used to report an alarm, a
fire, or panic situation. It is classified as coded or non‑coded.
Non‑coded pull stations simply open or close a circuit and, normally,
cannot reset. Coded stations transmit a uniquely coded signal upon
activation. Also called a manual alarm station or fire alarm box.

PULSE In electrical terms, a single, usually momentary, flow of current.

PULSE CAMERA A camera designed to operate a frame at a time in response
to a command such as electrical pulse.

PULSE EXTENDER A circuit or device that increases a sensor signal of
extremely short duration to a signal of appropriate length to initiate
an alarm. For example, an inertia sensor may experience a contact break
of only a few milliseconds. When connected to a pulse extender, an alarm
signal of ample duration for processing by the alarm signal receiver is
obtained. Also called a pulse stretcher.

PULSE RISE TIME The amount of time required for a current to rise from
zero to full value in a pulse. The inductive and capacitive reactance of
a circuit determines the rise time when a voltage is applied.

PULSED INFRARED DETECTOR An infrared sensor that uses a pulsating beam
for increased energy. A pulsed beam is often more effective in
penetrating fog and rain.

PUNCH CODED CARD A method of encoding an access control card by punching
a specific pattern of holes in the card. A compatible card reader uses
an optical or mechanical means of interpreting the code. It is based on
the Hollerith card.

PUNCH JOB A method of attempting entry into a safe by knocking off the
dial and, with a punch or other similar tool, drifting the lock case, or
tumblers back into the safe extensively damaging the lock mechanism.

PUSH KEY A key which operates the Ace type of lock.

PUSH BUTTON LOCK A type of mechanical lock that is opened by pressing
the proper sequence of numbered push buttons. The push buttons may be
pressed in sequence or in unison with other buttons on the lock. See
also Mechanical Lock.

PVC CONDUIT A tubing or hollow shield composed of polyvinyl chloride. It
is used for protection of electrical wiring and alarm data lines in high
moisture environments.

PYROELECTRIC INFRARED SENSOR A sensor that detects the temperature of a
distant object without actually contacting the object.

Q

QUADRANT See Dutch Door Bolt.

QUADRANT MASTER KEY See Four Pin Master Key.

QUARTZ HALOGEN LAMP An incandescent light source containing a tungsten
filament and a trace of iodine or bromine vapor in a quartz envelope.
Bulb blackening, common to ordinary tungsten filament lamps, is
virtually eliminated, assuring consistent intensity and spectral quality
throughout the life of the lamp. The life of such a lamp is greater than
that of an ordinary tungsten lamp used at the same output.

QUARTZ LENS A lens made from optical fused quartz (vitreous silica),
used for ultraviolet photography.

QUEUE A lineup of operations or input signals in a system waiting for
processing in sequence. Special CCTV camera switchers may employ a queue
of camera signals waiting on a prior ity basis to share a monitor.

QUIESCENT That time when no signal is applied to a circuit; the circuit
is at rest.

R

RABBET A cut, slot or groove made on the edge or surface of a board to
receive the end or edge of another piece of wood made to fit it.

RABBETED JAMB A door jamb in which the projecting portion of the jamb
which forms the door stop is either part of the same piece as the rest
of the jamb or securely set into a deep groove in the jamb.

RACEWAY 1. A protective shield, usually metal, placed over surface run
wiring for safety and for the protection of the wires themselves. 2. A
form of electrical conduit featuring removable covers and installation
witout conduit bending tools.

RACK MOUNT Equipment that is designed for mounting within a standardized
equipment enclosure. The most common rack width is 19 inches, with a
variety of standard heights.

RADAR Acronym for Radio Detecting and Ranging. Radar is a method of
measuring the distance to an object based on the time required to
receive an electromagnetic signal that has been transmitted to, and
reflected from, the object.

RADAR (RADIO DETECTING AND RANGING) See Radio Frequency Motion Detector.

RADAR ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which employs radio frequency motion
detectors.

RADAR SENSOR A sensor that uses radar principles to detect motion within
a given space, except that instead of timing the reflected signal, the
sensor measures changes in the reflected signal\'s frequency. No change
in frequency means no objects are moving through the protected area.
Also called a Doppler radar sensor.

RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) 1. The frequency of certain electromagnetic waves.
2. A method of communications. A complete RF communications link
requires an RF transmitter and an RF receiver coordinated to the same
frequency.

RADIO FREQUENCY CARD READER See Proximity Card Reader.

RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE Any electrical signal capable of being
(RFI) propagated into and interfering with the proper operations of
electrical or elec tronic equipment. Frequency range of such
interference may be taken to include the entire electromagnetic
spectrum.

RADIO FREQUENCY MOTION DETECTOR A sensor which detects the motion of an
intruder through the use of a radiated radio frequency electromagnetic
field. The device operates by sensing a disturbance in the generated RF
field caused by intruder motion, typically a modulation of the field
referred to as a doppler effect, which is used to initiate an alarm
signal. Most radio frequency motion detectors are certified by the FCC
for operation as \"field disturbance sensors\" at one of the following
frequencies: 0.915 GHz (L‑Band), 2.45 GHz (S‑Band), 5.8 GHz (XÇBand),
10.525 GHz (X‑Band), and 22.125 GHz (K‑Band). Units operating in the
microwave frequency range are usually called microwave motion detectors.

RADIO FREQUENCY SENSOR Radio frequency (RF) sensors having a frequency
range of 100 MHz (million cycles per second) to 30 GHz (billion cycles
per second). They range from very high frequencies (VHF), through
ultrahigh frequencies (UHF) to superhigh frequencies (SHF).

RADIO TELEMETRY A system that gathers remote data, such as alarm inputs,
using radio frequency transmitters and receivers. One advantage of these
systems is that long expensive wire runs through harsh terrain and over
great distances is not needed.

RADIUSED BLADE BOTTOM The bottom of a key blade which has been radiused
to conform to the curvature of the cylinder plug it is designed to
enter.

RADOME A protective housing for a microwave transmitter or receiver,
usually made of a glass fiber or plastic material, which will not
interfere with the microwave signal.

RAID A horizontal framing member of a door or window sash which extends
the full width between the stiles.

RAKE A lock picking tool which is inserted into a pin tumbler cylinder
lock and pushed up against the bottom of the pins while being worked
back and forth quickly; the aim being to force the pins up into the
shell and hang up.

RAM See Random Access Memory.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) 1. A rapid retrieval memory integrated
circuit. RAM allows access to any point in its memory without having to
follow a sequence of access, as sequential access memory does. The
amount of RAM in kilobytes or megabytes is normally used to describe the
temporary storage memory of a computer. Data stored in RAM is generally
lost when a computer is turned off.

RANDOM INTERLACE A technique for scanning that is often used in closed
circuit television systems where there is no fixed relationship between
adjacent lines in successive fields. It offers somewhat reduced
precision to that employed in commercial broadcast service.

RANDOM MASTER KEYING Any undesirable process used to master key which
uses unrelated keys to create a system.

RANGEFINDER An optical device used to determine the lens subject
distance and hence the correct distance setting for focusing.

RANGES The detection ranges for given directions are the radial
distances from the detector to the boundary of detection coverage.

RAP 1. To unlock a padlock shackle from its case by striking sharp blows
to the sides in order to disengage the locking dogs. 2. To unlock a plug
from its shell by striking sharp blows to the spring of the cylinder
while applying tension to the plug.

RASTER The predefined scanning area for a television picture tube.

RASTER BURN A defect in the target of a television image pickup tube,
which may appear as an aberration on a video display unit.

RATE‑COMPENSATION HEAT DETECTOR A heat detector that compensates for
thermal lag. In actual operation, the unit alarms at the rated operating
temperature regardless of whether the fire increases rapidly or
gradually. A rate compensation heat detector consists of a pair of
expansion struts and electrical contacts housed within an expandable
outer shell. The heat of a fire expands the outer shell and relieves
pressure on the struts. This operates a set of electrical contacts that
initiate an alarm.

RATED OPERATING TEMPERATURE In reference to heat detectors, minimum
temperature at which a unit will consistently initiate an alarm.

RATED TEMPERATURE The maximum temperature at which a component or device
can operate for an extended period before malfunctioning.

RATED VOLTAGE Maximum voltage at which a component or device can operate
for an extended period before failing or becoming a safety hazard.

RATE‑OF‑RISE HEAT DETECTOR A heat detector that produces an alarm when
the temperature of the air surrounding the unit rises faster than a
predetermined rate. Rate‑of‑rise heat detectors are more sensitive than
fixed temperature devices that react to thermal lag.

RAZOR RIBBON Brand name for a type of concertina wire which is made from
a continuous ribbon of spring steel. Barbed areas are stamped out of the
ribbon, the barbs are sharpened and the ribbon is wound into a coil.

REACTANCE An opposition to the flow of alternating current caused by the
inductance or capacitance of a component or circuit.

REACTIVE SECURITY Implementing specific protective feature(s) in
response to particular loss(es). Piecemeal development of security
methodologies used to counteract discrete threats which are identified
only after the fact, as a result of actual loss experience. Also known
as Responsive/Reactionary/Prescriptive Security; Pragmatic Security;
Doctrinal Security; Traditional Security. See also Add‑on Security,
Real‑Time Security.

READ KEY A key which allows access to the sales and/or customer data on
certain types of cash control equipment (e.g., cash registers).

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) A nonvolatile integrated circuit manufactured
with a specific function. It cannot be reprogrammed or otherwise
altered.

READER A device that reads the magnetically encoded data from an
inserted card, transmits the data to the controller for authorization,
and responds to the resulting controller command, e.g., unlocking a
door.

READOUT Any type of device or grouping of devices that displays
information. Alphanumeric LEDs and LCDs are used for information
readouts.

REAL TIME The processing of computer data in sufficient time to be
useful for the immediate physical task requiring the data.

REAL TIME ASSESSMENT Assessment of the actual cause for activation of
the sensor alarm by either direct visual assessment or with the aid of
electro‑optical equipment; e.g., closed circuit television.

REAL TIME PROCESSING 1. A system that controls an environment by
receiving data, processing it, and returning the results sufficiently
quickly to affect the environment function at that time. 2.
Conversational mode.

REAL TIME SECURITY Immediate responsible actions taken to intercept
violators and correct deficiencies as they occur. Measures to protect
data in an on‑line, interactive processing environment.

RECEIVER A device that converts transmitted electrical pulses or
electromagnetic waves into forms used to create images (television),
sound (radio) or data (radio/telemetry)

RECESSED REED SWITCH A reed contact switch that is installed so as to
not be visible.

RECODE See Recombinate.

RECOMBINATE To change the combination of a lock, cylinder or key.

RECORD SAFE A safe which is intended to store records and documents. The
safe is primarily designed to protect the records from fire rather than
theft. Sometimes called a document safe. These are not intended for the
storage of valuables.

RECORE To rekey by installing a different core.

RECYCLE TIME The minimum amount of time required for a device to be
usable after being used.

RED FLAGS Error messages appearing on the screen or on a printout
indicating a variance that exceeds established limits in the audit
system of the computer.

REDUNDANT A circuit or system designed to have backup capability in the
event of component or equipment failure. Redundant systems have
identical stand‑by components or equipment off‑line ready for automatic
or manual switchover in the event of primary failure.

REED CAPSULE A switch that consists of reed elements mounted in a sealed
glass enclosure. The glass capsule serves as protection against dirt,
moisture, and corrosive materials.

REED SWITCH A switch that consists of two or more thin metal strips
having electrical contact points. The strips or \"reeds\" are mounted
parallel to each other in a hermetically sealed enclosure. The reeds
open or close by magnetic or mechanical means to make or break a
circuit. See also Magnetic Contact.

REFERENCE BLACK LEVEL The picture signal level as a specified maximum
value for black peaks.

REFERENCE TARGET A device with similar reflection characteristics to an
average person.

REFERENCE WHITE LEVEL The picture signals level as a specified maximum
value for white peaks.

REFLECTED LIGHT METER An exposure meter that measures the light
reflected from an object. See Photometer.

REFLECTION The redirection of a beam of light from a surface. Reflection
can occur at a metal surface or at the interface between two transparent
media of differing indices of refraction. In the latter case the
incident ray usually divides into a reflected and a refracted ray.
Reflection can be specular or diffuse, depending on the surface.

REFLECTOR FLOODLAMP A floodlight bulb with a self contained silvered
surface which acts as a reflector.

REFRACTION The bending (abrupt change of direction) of a ray of light in
its passage at an oblique angle across an interface between optical
media of different refractive indices.

REFRIGERATED CAMERA HOUSING A special CCTV camera housing designed to
keep the camera at a reasonable working temperature in extremely hot
climates. Some types may be used as heaters in cold environments by
reversing a thermoelectric mechanism.

REFUGE VAULT A walk in safe installed in an embassy or similar location.
The vault is characterized by fire and bullet resistance and is often
equipped with an escape hatch. Personnel in an embassy under attack can
take refuge in the vault while awaiting relief or rescue. Also called a
safehaven.

REGISTER An electromechanical device which marks a paper tape in
response to signal impulses received from transmitting circuits. A
register may be driven by a prewound spring mechanism, an electric
motor, or a combination of these.

REGISTER GROOVE The reference point on the key blade from which some
manufacturers locate the bitting depths.

REGISTER NUMBER 1. A blind code assigned by some lock manufacturers to
higher level keys in a master key system. 2. A reference number,
typically assigned by the lock manufacturer to an entire master key
system.

REGRADE To determine that certain classified information requires, in
the interests of national defense, a higher or a lower degree of
protection against unauthorized disclosure than currently provided,
coupled with a changing of the classification designation to reflect
such higher or lower status.

REGULATED POWER SUPPLY A power supply that outputs a constant power
level despite input fluctuations amid varying ambient temperatures.
Important where computer based systems cannot be interrupted due to
power variations.

REGULATING DEVICE A device that functions to regulate a quantity or
quantities such as voltage, current, power, speed, frequency,
temperature, and load, at a certain value or between certain limits for
machines, tie lines, or other apparatus.

REGULATING TRANSFORMER A transformer for adjusting the voltage or the
phase regulation (or both). It comprises one or more windings excited
from the system circuit or a separate source, and one or more windings
connected in series with the system circuit.

REGULATION Usually expressed as the percentage change in output voltage
when the load goes from full load to no load.

REGULATION OF A CONSTANT‑CURRENT TRANSFORMER The maximum departure of
the secondary current from its rated value, expressed in percent of
rated secondary current, with the rated primary voltage and frequency
applied and at the rated secondary power factor and with the current
variation taken between the limits of a short circuit and rate load.

REGULATION OR A CONSTANT‑POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER The change in secondary
voltage, expressed in percent of rate secondary voltage, which occurs
when the rated kVA output at a specified power factor is reduced to
zero, with the primary impressed terminal voltage maintained constant.
In the case of a multi‑winding transformer, the loads on all windings at
specified power factors are to be reduced from the rated kVA to zero
simultaneously.

RE‑KEY The process of modifying standard key locks or card readers to
function with a new key set or facility code.

RELAY An electrically controlled device that turns on other devices in
the same circuit or in different circuits. Low power relays are often
used to control high power switching units. Relays are used widely in
security and alarm products and alarm systems.

RELAY ALARM A high resistance, sensitive relay used in security
equipment. On most burglar alarms, this relay is held in by current
through the alarm circuit. Opening the circuit deenergizes the relay
which usually pilots another (drop) relay. The second relay is equipped
with heavier contact than the alarm relay and operates alarm horns,
bells, etc., for local alarm systems. On more sophisticated systems, the
alarm relay causes a line current change upon opening that is detected
by the monitor, which then provides alarm indications.

RELAY, DROP An electrical latching relay which activates alarm
indicating devices in a burglar alarm system. The operation of this
relay is usually controlled by a low current (alarm) relay which has a
coil connected in series with the foil, door, and window contacts used
in a burglar alarm system.

RELEASE Passage of information to another individual or agency by any
means.

RELIABILITY The likelihood of trouble free performance from a component
or an assembly. Principally a function of MTBF and MTTR.

RELIEF The discernment of depth or apparent differences in distance that
makes an object stand out from its background due to stereoscopic
vision. The impression of relief can be obtained from the arrangement of
high lights and shadows in a picture.

RELOCK SWITCH A switch, available on some electric locks, that retains
the bolt in a retracted position until the door is closed.

REMOTE ALARM An alarm signal which is transmitted to a remote monitoring
station. See also Local Alarm.

REMOTE DIAGNOSTIC SUPPORT (RDS) A means for an off premises facility to
perform diagnostic, maintenance, and programming function on the CTS via
the trunk connections to an external network. Also referred to as Remote
Maintenance, Administration, and Traffic System.

REMOTE KEYPAD A keypad mounted at some location distant to the central
alarm controller. It is used for arming/disarming all or part of an
alarm system.

REMOTE STATION 1. A secondary or auxiliary alarm control located at some
distance from the central control station. 2. A digital keypad or card
reader that permits local entry/exit.

REMOTE STATION ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which employs remote alarm
stations usually located in building hallways or on city streets.

REMOTE TERMINAL 1. An alarm terminal that usually functions without an
operator and communicates with a central station.

2\. A computer input device which does not have processing capabilities
and which is located away from the computer.

REMOTE TERMINAL ROOM An enclosed area or room which houses one or more
remote terminals or remote job entry devices. Synonymous with terminal
cluster room.

REMOVABLE CORE A core which can only be installed in or removed from a
cylinder housing. Core can be used with only one type of cylinder
housing e.g., rim cylinder or mortise cylinder or knob lock.

REMOVABLE CORE LOCK A lock from which the entire core can be removed as
a unit and replaced, with the use of a special core key. In this way,
the keying of the locks may be easily changed without replacing the
entire lock.

REMOVABLE CYLINDER A cylinder which can be removed from a locking device
by a key and/or tool.

REMOVABLE MULLION A mullion separating two adjacent door openings which
is required for the normal operation of the doors but is designed to
permit its temporary removal.

REMOVAL KEY The part of a two piece key which is used to remove its
counterpart from a keyway. See Control Key.

RENTER\'S KEY A key which must be used together with a guard key, prep
key or electronic release to unlock a safe deposit lock. It is usually
different for every unit within an installation.

REPEATER See Line Repeater.

REPIN To replace pin tumblers, with or without changing the existing
combination.

REPORTING LINE An alarm signal Line. See Alarm Line.

REPRODUCTION Any duplicating process including photography and typed or
manual copying; also the product of a duplicating process.

REPRODUCTION CENTER An activity designated to reproduce and maintain a
record of the reproduction of accountable classified and proprietary
material.

RESEARCH All effort directed toward increased knowledge of natural
phenomena and environment and toward the solution of problems in all
fields of science. This includes basic and applied research. Basic
research is directed toward the increase of knowledge or understanding
of the subject under study. Applied research is concerned with the
practical application of knowledge, material and/or techniques directed
toward a solution to an existent or anticipated military or
technological requirement.

RESERVED See Restricted.

RESERVED KEYWAY LOCK A high security lock with special keyways unique to
a single or limited number of users. Key blanks are often registered to
control unauthorized copying.

RESET 1. To restore a device to its original (normal) condition after an
alarm or trouble signal. 2. A small circuit breaker intended to
accomplish the reset function. 3. Recombinate.

RESET KEY 1. A key used to set some types of cylinders to a new
combination. Many of these cylinders require the additional use of tools
and/or the new operating key to establish the new combination. 2. A key
which allows the tabulations on various types of cash control equipment
(e.g., cash registers) to be cleared from the records of the equipment.

RESET SWITCH A subcircuit installed in an alarm system to release the
latching relay and stop the alarm.

RESIDENT MEMORY Refers to main memory integral to a central processing
unit and always available for use. Data contained in this memory is said
to be in resident memory.

RESISTANCE The characteristic of a conductor that determines the current
produced by a given difference of potential. Resistance of a component
or circuit is a function of the materials used in the components or in
the conductive circuit path. The unit of measurement for resistance is
the ohm.

RESISTANCE BRIDGE SMOKE DETECTOR A smoke detector which responds to the
particles and moisture present in smoke. These substances reduce the
resistance of an electrical bridge grid and cause the detector to
respond.

RESISTANCE CAPACITANCE FILTER (RC FILTER) An electrical filter comprised
only of resistors and capacitors.

RESISTOR A device or material that limits the flow of current when a
voltage is applied.

RESISTOR, END‑OF‑LINE Resistance connected in an alarm line circuit to
provide a required value of alarm line current. The more sophisticated
security systems use a change in alarm line current rather than a simple
break or cross indication to activate the alarm indicating device.

RESISTOR, TERMINATION See End‑of‑Line Resistor.

RESOLUTION See Definition.

RESOLUTION, LIMITING The details that can be distinguished on the
television screen. Vertical resolution refers to the number of
horizontal black and white lines that can be resolved in the picture
height. Horizontal resolution refers to the black and white lines
resolved in a dimension equal to the vertical height and may be limited
by the video amplifier bandwidth.

RESPONSE TIME 1. The time elapsed between an alarm annunciation and
reaction on the part of security personnel to that alarm. 2. The time a
system takes to react to a given input. It is the interval between an
event and the system\'s response to the event.

RESTRICTED Of or pertaining to a limitation on the access to or
distribution of materials or information.

RESTRICTED AREA A room, area or facility having critical activities,
equipment or information to which unrestricted access cannot be allowed.

RESTRICTED DATA All data concerning design, manufacture or use of atomic
weapons, the production of special nuclear material, or the use of
special nuclear material in the production of energy.

RESTRICTED KEYWAY Special keyway and keyblanks issued for a high
security lock system. Restricted keyways are controlled by the lock
manufacturer to prevent unauthorized parties from obtaining the keyway
configuration.

RETAINED IMAGE A bright light source will leave an image that is
retained on the target of the image pickup tube. This lasts for a short
duration and appears on the video display unit as a bright flare like
glow. Exposure of a non‑filtered image pickup tube to an extreme bright
source over an extended period of time can result in permanent damage to
the pickup tube. Also known as Image Burn‑in.

RETAINER See Plug Retainer.

RETARD TRANSMITTER A coded transmitter in which a delay period is
introduced between the time of actuating and the time of signal
transmission.

RETARDING TRANSMITTER An alarm transmitter that delays transmission of
an alarm signal for a specified time period.

RETICLE A scale, indicator, or pattern placed in one of the image planes
of an optical instrument which appears to the observer to be
superimposed upon the field of view. Reticles are used to determine the
extent of a field of view or its center, and for angular measurements
within the field of view. Cross‑hairs in a telescopic sight are
reticles.

RETRO TARGET A sensor that is a transceiver and uses a reflecting target
for returning the transmitted beam back toward the receive portion of
the sensor.

RETRO ZOOM A special lens fitting that reduces the collective focal
lengths of a zoom lens. A gain is made in wide angle coverage, but there
is a proportional loss in telephoto power.

REVERSE POLARITY SUPERVISION The detection, with a diode, of a current
reversal caused by an alarm condition. The diode activates the alarm
annunciator.

REVERSE POLARITY TRANSMISSION The transmission of an alarm signal by
reversing the flow of current in the transmission line. The current
reversal is detected and annunciated as an alarm for the corresponding
zone by the central alarm processor. The absence of voltage is
interpreted as a trouble condition.

REVERSIBLE KEY A symmetrical key which may be inserted either way up to
operate a lock.

REVERSIBLE LOCK A lock which may be used for either hand of a door.

RF See Radio Frequency.

RF CARD READER See Radio Frequency Card Reader.

RF CONNECTOR A connector that terminates or joins coaxial cable
electrically and mechanically.

RF MODULATOR A device that converts CCTV signals to RF for compatibility
with a standard VHF television receiver.

RF MOTION DETECTOR See Radio Frequency Motion Detector.

RF PATTERNS A video cross hatching pattern caused by high frequency
interference. See Radio Frequency Interference.

RHEOSTAT A variable resistance device, used to change the current in an
electrical circuit.

RIBBON CABLE A flat electrical cable that comprises several individually
insulated conductors. Ribbon cable may have each conductor identified by
a different color, or it may have a common color for all.

RIM CYLINDER A cylinder typically used with surface applied locks and
attached with a back plate and machine screws. It has a tailpiece to
actuate the lock mechanism.

RIM HARDWARE Hardware designed to be installed on the surface of a door
or window.

RIM LATCH A latch installed on the surface of a door.

RIM LOCK A lock designed for surface mounting.

RINGBACK An acknowledgment from a central station to a local controller
that a closing signal has been received. The ringback is normally
annunciated on the controller with an audible buzzer.

RINGER EQUIVALENCE A circuit verification required by the telephone
company before installation of an RJ31X jack for digital communicators.

RINGING In receivers, an oscillatory transient occurring in the output
of a system as a result of a sudden change in input.

RIP JOB Ripping consists of opening a safe from the top, bottom or back
with an ax, abrasive saw, chisel or cutter.

RIPPLE A variation in amplitude at the voltage output of a power supply
that is the result of inadequate filtering.

RISK ANALYSIS An analysis of system assets and vulnerabilities to
establish an expected loss from certain events based upon estimated
probabilities of the occurrence of these events. See Security Survey.

RJ31X JACK A special telephone line jack that must be installed in the
premises before a digital communicator can be interfaced to the
telephone line.

ROBBERY The felonious or forcible taking of property by violence, threat
or other overt felonious act in the presence of the victim.

ROCKER KEY See Manipulation Key.

ROLL A loss of vertical synchronization which causes the picture to move
up or down on a receiver or monitor.

ROLLING DEADBOLT A deadbolt which contains, within the bolt itself, a
hardened steel cylinder. The ends of the cylinder are set on pins so
that it can spin freely within the bolt. If an attempt is made to cut
the bolt, the cutting instrument will strike the cylinder, causing it to
spin and thereby defeat the cutter.

ROLLOFF A gradual increase in attenuation of a signal voltage.

ROM See Read only Memory.

ROOT DEPTH The dimension from the bottom of a cut on a key to the bottom
of the blade.

ROOT OF CUT See Cut Root.

ROSE The part of a lock which functions as an ornament or bearing
surface for a knob, and is normally placed against the surface of the
door.

ROTARY INTERLOCKINGDEAD BOLT LOCK A type of rim lock in which the
extended dead bolt is rotated to engage with the strike.

ROTARY SWITCH A switch that has several peripheral contact points, and a
single central revolving contact or contacts. A rotary switch may make
or break several different circuits depending on the position of the
rotating shaft.

ROTARY TUMBLER A circular tumbler with one or more gates. Rotation of
the proper key aligns the tumbler gates at a sidebar, fence or shackle
slot.

ROTATING CONSTANT One or more cut(s) in a key of any level which remain
constant throughout all levels and are identical to the top master key
cuts in their corresponding positions. The positions where the top
master key cuts are held constant may be moved, always in a logical
sequence.

ROTATING CONSTANT METHOD A method used to progress key bittings in a
master key system, wherein at least one cut in each key is identical to
the corresponding cut in the top master key. The identical cut(s) is
moved to different locations in a logical sequence until each possible
planned position has been used.

ROTATING FIELD The electrical field developed in a multiphase generator.
The varying current through the pairs of stator windings cause the
magnetic field to vary as if it was a single rotating field.

ROUGH BUCK A sub‑frame, usually made of wood or steel, which is set in a
wall opening and to which the frame is attached.

ROUGH OPENING The wall opening into which a frame is to be installed.
Usually, the rough opening is measured inside the rough buck.

ROUND KEY A key which is basically a hollow cylinder of metal with a
handle at one end and projections on the other. The projections
correspond to the cuts on a pin tumbler cylinder key. In a round key
lock, the pins are arranged in a circle in the rear of the lock body.
Round key locks are often seen on vending machines.

ROW MASTER KEY The one pin master key for all combinations listed on the
same line across a page in the standard progression format. An interface
standard that was established by the Electronic Industries Association
to support compatibility between computer hardware and data transmission
systems. Several other standards exist for similar purposes.

RUN To execute a computer program.

RUNNER An employee of a central station responsible for restoring an
alarm and assisting the police or fire department with their
investigation.

S

S/A Sub‑assembled.

SABOTAGE The premeditated destruction of personnel, property, or a
physical plant in an effort to disrupt or terminate manufacturing or
other operations by a government or by private enterprise.

SAFE A container, usually equipped with a mounted combination lock,
specifically designed for the protection of money and other highly
negotiable materials or assets.

SAFE COVER A magnetic cover that is placed over the entry controls to a
safe for the purpose of detecting an unauthorized opening. If the safe
cover is removed without being properly disarmed, an alarm is initiated.

SAFETY FACTOR See Maximum Adjacent Cut Specification.

SAIL SWITCH A switch used as an airflow sensor in fire and environmental
control systems. A flat piece of material within the airspace closes a
set of contacts when a given amount of air blows against it.

SALAMI TECHNIQUE The unauthorized, covert process of taking small
amounts (slices) of money from many sources in and with the aid of a
computer. An example is the round down fraud, whereby remainders from
the computation of interest are moved to a favored account instead of
being systematically distributed among accounts.

SAMPLE KEY See Pattern Key.

SASH A frame containing one or more lights.

SASH FAST A fastener attached to the meeting rails of a window.

SASH LOCK A sash fast with a locking device controlled by a key.

SATELLITE CAMERA A ceiling mounted surveillance camera, usually
concealed in a spherical housing.

SATICON A trade name for a television image pickup tube of the direct
readout variety. This design has low lag and excellent spectral
sensitivity.

SAWTOOTH WAVEFORM Resembling the teeth of a saw, such a wave form has a
slow or sloping rise time, and a sharp or sudden fallback to the
starting point.

SCALP A thin piece of metal which is usually crimped or spun onto the
front of a cylinder. It determines the cylinder\'s finish and may also
serve as the plug retainer.

SCAN PERIOD The amount of time required to sequentially interrogate all
the alarm sending devices in a system. Also called polling period.

SCANNER A motorized CCTV camera mounting that moves from side to side
offering the operator a continuous survey of a large area.

SCAVENGING Searching residual data for anything of value within memory,
hard copy auxiliary storage areas, buffers, or output.

SCENE ANALYZER A video motion detector that indicates the disturbed
portion of a scene to assist in operator assessment. Attention is called
to the affected portion of the scene by either flashing the image or
some other method.

SCHEMATIC 1. Diagram showing wiring, components and operation of an
electric circuit. 2. See Key System Schematic.

SCI SECURITY CONTROL SYSTEM A system which provides for the security
control of special access program information within the category of
National Security Information (NSI) called National Foreign Intelligence
(NFI).

SCOTOPIC VISION Human vision under conditions of very dim lighting (one
lux or less), where the eye is dark adapted and where color perception
is almost completely absent.

SCR See Silicon Controlled Rectifier

SCREEN Covering for a window or similar opening usually consisting of
light wooden strips or dowels with fine wire cemented to or inside them.
The wire of the screen is a continuous circuit of a burglar alarm.
Cutting or breaking through the screen opens the circuit and activates
the alarm.

SCREENING SYSTEM An X‑ray or similar device used to verify the safety of
packages, letters, luggage, etc. It is used in high security
applications.

SCREW MOUNT A lens mount which is threaded to fit the front of the
camera.

SCREWLESS KNOB A knob attached to a spindle by means of a special
wrench, as distinguished from the more commonly used side screw knob.

SCREWLESS ROSE A rose with a concealed method of attachment.

SEALED LEAD ACID BATTERY A battery similar in construction to batteries
used in automobiles. These batteries have gained wider usage with the
advent of improved sealing techniques to prevent leakage. They are
practical for use with alarm systems, backup lighting, and backup power
supplies. They are also rechargeable, with good temperature
characteristics, but with a low energy density.

SEAMLESS DOOR A door having no visible seams on its faces or edges.

SEATING SURFACE The surface of a lens mount which determines the
distance the lens is held from the film plane. See also Flange Focal
Distance.

SECAM The standard for television broadcasts based on a 625 horizontal
scan line, 25 frame per second format. It has some similarities to the
PAL format, primarily in the scan and frame rates. It is used in the
USSR and Saudi Arabia. Acronym for Sequential Color And Memory.

SECOND GENERATION DUPLICATE A key reproduced from a first generation
duplicate.

SECONDARY CODE In access control, a supplemental code used to activate
keypad functions. It is often used as a temporary code assignment so
that the primary code is never revealed. Also called auxiliary code.

SECONDARY LOCK See Auxiliary Lock.

SECONDARY VOLTAGE RATING Designates the load circuit for which the
secondary winding (winding on the output side) is designed.

SECTION KEY BLANK See Multiplex Key Blank.

SECTIONAL KEYWAY SYSTEM See Multiplex Key System.

SECURE AREA An accredited facility that is used for storing, handling,
discussing, and/or processing of classified information.

SECURE MODE 1. The condition of an alarm system in which all sensors and
control units are ready to respond to an intrusion. 2. The condition of
all alarm sensors in a system being in a no fault condition.

SECURE ROOM A room that offers the same or greater security than a
security container authorized for the storage of classified material
through the use of guards, alarms, or locking devices.

SECURE TELEPHONE SYSTEM A telephone system that employs signal
scramblers and/or line supervision circuitry to enforce the security of
the communications.

SECURE WORKING AREA An accredited facility which is used daily for
handling, discussing and/or processing of sensitive compartmented
information but where such information is not stored.

SECURITY AND COUNTERMEASURES MANAGER (SCM) Also known as the FEMA ASO,
the full time security professional in the FEMA program element
responsible for the management and implementation of security and
countermeasures policy and guidance.

SECURITY BAR A large solid or hollow metal bar, usually steel, that is
used to physically secure a door or access hatch.

SECURITY COLLAR A protective cylinder collar. See Cylinder Guard.

SECURITY DOOR A heavy steel louvered door designed to prevent
unauthorized entry to a secure area.

SECURITY EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION An organization of security
equipment manufacturers formed to promote standards of excellence in
security product design and marketing.

SECURITY GLAZING A special glassor plastic material that provides
protection from projectiles or direct assault with a heavy object. It is
usually a lamination of several layers. Security glazing meeting bullet
resistance specifications is also called bullet‑proof glass. See Burglar
Resistant Glazing.

SECURITY IN DEPTH The concept which incorporates a layered system of
defenses, starting at the perimeter and working inward.

SECURITY MANAGEMENT Persons responsible for security at the policy and
general management level.

SECURITY MONITOR See Annunciator.

SECURITY SUPERVISION Persons, not necessarily uniformed or armed, whose
primary duties are supervision and direction of security at the
day‑to‑day operating level.

SECURITY SURVEY A fundamental analysis of the security related
procedures and equipment in use in a given situation, including any
recommendations. The three basic elements of a security survey are
criticality, vulnerability and probability. Also called risk analysis.

SECURITY SYSTEM 1. A term applied when all facets of a facility\'s
security are being considered i.e., locks, safes, security containers,
guards, alarms, etc.). 2. A method of protecting life and property from
harm or loss through the use of operational, physical, and technical
security resources.

SECURITY VIOLATION Any breach of a security directive, requirement,
procedure, or guidance by an individual, whether or not a compromise
resulted. Both acts of omission and commission constitute security
violations.

SEDITION Any act to overthrow, put down, or destroy by force, the
government of the United States, to oppose by force the authority of the
United States to prevent, hinder, or delay by force, the execution of
any law of the United States, or by force, to seize, take, or possess
any property of the United States contrary to its authority.

SEEPAGE The accidental flow, to unauthorized individuals, of data or
information, access to which is presumed to be controlled by computer
security safe guards.

SEGMENTED FOLLOWER A plug follower which is sliced into sections which
are introduced into the cylinder shell one at a time. It is typically
used with profile cylinders.

SEIA Security Equipment Industry Association.

SEISMIC BURIED LINE SENSOR See Seismic Sensor.

SEISMIC DETECTION A system employing buried or attached sensors to
detect vibrations caused by the impact of footsteps, tools, or other
objects.

SEISMIC SENSOR A sensor, generally buried under the surface of the
ground for perimeter protection, which responds to minute vibrations of
the earth generated as an intruder walks or drives within its detection
range. There are several methods of sensing seismic vibrations. These
include electrical stress cable or piezoelectric sensors, buried
geophones, or balanced pressure sensors. All seismic sensor systems
convert ground movement or vibration into electrical impulses that are
received by a processor. Sophisticated seismic systems employ comparator
circuitry in the processor to eliminate signals that are not
characteristic of human footsteps, digging, or other selected criteria.
Buried geophone type sensors allow the operator to actually hear the
vibrations being received in order to assist in the alarm assessment.

SELECTIVE KEY SYSTEM A key system in which every key has the capability
of being a master key. It is normally used for applications requiring a
limited number of keys and extensive cross keying.

SELECTIVE MASTER KEY An unassociated master key which can be made to
operate any specific lock(s) in the entire system in addition to the
regular master key(s) and/or change key(s) for the cylinder without
creating key interchange.

SELECTIVITY The ability to separate a specific frequency from other
frequencies.

SELF CONTAINED CARD READER A card reading device used in access control.
Self contained card readers contain built in intelligence and do not
require an outside computer to make entry/exit decisions. Limited
intelligence allows use of only universally coded cards. Also called a
stand alone or off line card reader.

SENSITIVE COMPARTMENTED INFORMATION FACILITY (SCIF) An area, room, group
of rooms, or installation which has been accredited for storage,
discussion and/or processing of sensitive compartmented information.
Upon implementation of the APEX Special Access Control System, the term
APEX Control Facility (ACF) and Contractor APEX Control Facility (CACF)
will have the same connotation as SCIF.

SENSITIVITY In video, the ability to produce a well defined image from a
specified level of light incident upon the scene being viewed.

SENSOR A device which is designed to produce a signal or offer an
indication in response to an event or stimulus within its detection
zone.

SEQUENCE CAMERA A still camera designed to take a series of pictures in
rapid succession.

SEQUENCE OF PROGRESSION The order in which bitting positions are
progressed to obtain change key combinations.

SEQUENTIAL CARD READER A card reader that includes a keypad or push
buttons, and which, in addition to the card itself, must have a proper
number sequence or code entered.

SEQUENTIAL SCAN A system of TV scanning in which each line of the raster
is scanned sequentially.

SEQUENTIAL SWITCHER A CCTV switcher that displays camera views in a
predetermined order. Camera sequencing and dwell time may be programmed
and modified by the user. Dwell time is the period during which a single
scene remains displayed on the monitor screen.

SEQUENTIAL ACCESS MEMORY 1. A method of data storage and retrieval which
requires that, in a data search, all data in the memory which precedes a
desired record be read in the order in which it was stored. 2. A storage
media or device that allows access to stored data only in predetermined
pattern of retrieval. An example is a magnetic tape data storage device.
To reach data stored halfway from the beginning of the tape, the machine
must wind or rewind the tape until the storage point of the desired data
is reached.

SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS The transmission and processing of data in a
sequential manner.

SERIAL NUMBER 1. A unique numeric or alphanumeric code placed on an
object for inventory and loss control purposes. 2. A number assigned in
an access control system to establish an individual\'s access level.

SERIES CIRCUIT A method of circuit connection in which all components of
the circuit are connected end to end, creating a single current path.

SERIES WAFER A type of disc tumbler used in certain binary type
key‑in‑knob locks. Its presence requires that no cut be made in that
position on the operating key(s).

SERVICE LIFE Relative amount of time the product meets or exceeds the
performance criteria, including aesthetics, for which it was designed.

SERVICE LOOP A deliberate surplus of line that is left and looped in a
wire run (usually near a termination point) so that ample line will be
available should there be minor future wiring modifications.

SET See Combinate.

SETUP In reference to video, the ratio of the difference between black
level and blanking level to the difference between white level and
blanking level. This is normally expressed as a percentage.

SET‑UP KEY A key used to calibrate some types of key machines.

SET‑UP PLUG A type of loading tool shaped like a plug follower. It
contains pin chambers and is used with a shove knife to load springs and
top pins into a cylinder shell.

SETBACK See Backset.

SEVEN COLUMN PROGRESSION A process wherein key bittings are obtained by
using the cut possibilities in seven columns of the key bitting array.

SEVEN PIN MASTER KEY A master key for all combinations obtained by
progression seven bitting positions.

SHACKLE The hinged or sliding part of a padlock that does the fastening.

SHADING A large area brightness gradient in the reproduced picture, not
present in the original scene.

SHADING COMPENSATION Dynamic sensitivity control of the picture signal
to reduce the amount of video level change from center to edge of the
picture.

SHARP CUT‑OFF FILTER A filter having a large change in transmission for
a small change in wavelength.

SHARPNESS The distinctness of objects in a photograph. This is related
to the distinctness of the sharp edges in the picture and is measured as
acutance.

SHAVED BLADE See Radiused Blade Bottom.

SHEAR LINE The joint between the shell and the core of a lock cylinder;
the line at which the pins or discs of a lock cylinder must be aligned
in order to permit rotation of the core.

SHEATHING The structural exterior covering, usually wood boards or
plywood, used over the framing studs and rafters of a structure.

SHEDDING KEY See Declining Step Key.

SHEET FILM A type of film in which sheets are individually loaded into a
separate holders for exposure. Sheet film is usually on a heavier base
than roll film and film packs.

SHELF LIFE The period of time that sensitive material may be stored
under normal conditions with out significant deterioration. Certain
batteries and electronic components have an identifiable shelf life.
Storage or use of these items past the indicated life may result in a
failure to perform properly.

SHELL A lock cylinder, exclusive of the core.

SHIELDED LINE A type of transmission line whose elements restrict
propagated radio waves to within a tabular conducting surface called a
sheath. This prevents the radiation of unwanted RF from the line and,
conversely, protects the line conductor from outside interference.

SHIELDING, ELECTROSTATIC An enclosure made of nonferrous metal used to
guard a circuit from the effect of external electrostatic fields.

SHIM 1. A thin piece of material used to unlock the cylinder plug from
the shell by separating the pin tumblers at the shear line, one at a
time. 2. To unlock a cylinder plug from its shell by using a shim.

SHOCK SENSOR See Inertia Sensor.

SHOULDER Any key stop other than a tip stop. See Bow Stop.

SHOULDERED PIN A bottom pin whose diameter is larger at the flat end to
limit its penetration into a counter bored chamber.

SHOVE KNIFE A tool used with a set‑up plug which pushes the springs and
pin tumblers into the cylinder shell.

SHREDDER A device that cuts paper documents into minute pieces to
protect the information from unauthorized use once it is discarded.
Shredders are classified as continuous or cross‑cut. Continuous or
ribbon shredders cut the paper into strips the full length or width of
the paper. Cross‑cut shredders cut the paper into discreet particles.
Particle size for cross‑cut shredders for security applications are set
at a maximum pf 3/64 inches wide by 1/8 inched long. Some shredders
create a pulp from the paper waste to further eliminate the possibility
of reassembling the fragments of a document.

SHRINKAGE Inventory losses due to employee or customer pilferage.

SHUNT 1. A deliberate shorting out of a portion of an electric circuit.
2. A key operated switch which removes some portion of an alarm system
for operation, allowing entry into a protected area without initiating
an alarm signal. A type of authorized access switch.

SHUNT SWITCH A switch, usually key operated, that is used to locally
shunt an alarm sensor or sensors so that authorized access may be gained
to a secure area. See Shunt.

SHUT OUT KEY Usually used in hotel keying systems, a key which will make
the lock inoperative to all other keys in the system except the
emergency master key, display key, and some types of shut out keys.

SHUT OUT MODE The state of a hotel function lockset which prevents
operation by all keys except the emergency master key, display key, and
some types of shut out keys.

SHUTTER 1. A movable screen or cover used to protect an opening,
especially a window. See Dust Cover.

SIDE LIGHT A fixed light located adjacent to a door within the same
frame assembly.

SIDEBAR A primary or secondary locking device in a cylinder. When
locked, it extends along the plug beyond its circumference. It must
enter gates in the tumblers in order to clear the shell and allow the
plug to rotate.

SIGNAL AMPLIFIER A device that strengthens a signal for retransmission.

SIGNAL CODE GENERATOR A device that produces a signal or tone of a
constant or variable frequency. It is used in McCulloh loops.

SIGNAL RECORDER See Register.

SIGNAL SASH FASTENER A sash fastening device designed to lock windows
which are beyond reach from the floor. It has a ring for a sash pole
hook. When locked, the ring lever is down; when the ring lever is up, it
signals by its upright position that the window is unlocked.

SIGNAL SPLITTER See Multicoupler.

SIGNAL STRENGTH A measurement of signal amplitude expressed in volts or
decibels.

SIGNAL TROUBLE Signal which indicates some defined abnormal condition or
conditions such as a circuit malfunction, loss of power, or tampering
with alarm circuitry.

SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (S/N RATIO) The ratio of maximum peak‑to‑peak
signal voltage to the rms voltage of the noise at a given time. The
ratio is expressed in decibels.

SIGNATURE VERIFICATION SYSTEM A computer aided system that digitizes and
compares the dynamic characteristics of a handwritten signature or key
phrase with a reference. Methods include analyzing the shape of the
signature, or the timing sequences intrinsic to the formation of the
characters. A digitizing tablet is used for input of the signature.
Signature verification systems are in relatively early stages of
development of practical wide spread use. Primary applications are in
access control and personnel identification. See also Digitizing Tablet.

SILENT ALARM A remote alarm without an obvious local indication that an
alarm has been transmitted.

SILENT ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which signals a remote station by
means of a silent alarm.

SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER A device that can be triggered into
conduction by applying a current pulse to a gate electrode, but can only
be cut off by reducing the main current below some predetermined value.
The average value of the rectifier current is changed by varying the
arrival time of the gate pulse during the positive half cycle of the
applied AC, since conduction continues from that time until the positive
half cycle reaches the zero crossing point.

SILICON INTENSIFIER TARGET (SIT) A silicon target in a television image
pickup tube. Silicon material is considerably more sensitive than
sulfide Vidicon tubes. Produces a broad spectral response. SIT cameras
are used in extremely low light level applications.

SILICON TARGET A high sensitivity TV image pickup tube of the direct
readout type utilizing a silicon diode array photoconductive target.
Suitable for low light applications. High sensitivity extends through
the visible range with extended sensitivity to the near infrared region.
Has low lag and high burn resistance.

SILL The lower horizontal member of a door or window opening.

SILVER CONTACTS Contacts that have a silver plating to increase
conductivity and reduce pitting and corrosion.

SILVER‑OXIDE BATTERY A comparatively expensive battery that is excellent
for compact circuit applications. Two types of cells are produced:
monovalent and the more powerful divalent. These batteries have a high
energy density.

SILVER RECOVERY The reclamation of silver from photographic fixing
baths, plates and film by chemical, electrical or mechanical means.

SIMPLEX A transmission system capable of transmitting in one direction
only. See also Half Duplex and Full Duplex.

SIMPLEX KEY SECTION A single independent key section which cannot be
used in a multiplex key system.

SIMULATED CAMERA A nonfunctional camera with the appearance of a fully
operational model. It is used in areas of high visibility as a low cost
deterrent. Simulated cameras are often included with actual working
models in a complete system to give the impression of total
surveillance. Models are available as stationary or scanning, many with
artificial illuminated pilot lamps. Also called a dummy camera.

SINGLE‑ACTING DOOR A door mounted to swing to only one side of the plane
of its frame.

SINGLE CIRCUIT SYSTEM A system with sensors wired in series within a
single alarm circuit. Only one electrical line passes through each
sensor. Return is via a common lead or ground.

SINGLE DOOR See Single Acting Door.

SINGLE‑ENTRY SYSTEM An access control system that has anti‑passback
protection.

SINGLE‑FRAME DEVICE A release or crank on a motion picture camera which
permits exposing one frame at a time for animation, stop‑motion work,
etc.

SINGLE KEYED (SKD) A designation that indicates that a cylinder or lock
is not master keyed but is part of the keying system.

SINGLE KEY SECTION An individual key section which can be used in a
multiplex key system.

SINGLE LENS REFLEX CAMERA (SLR) A camera equipped with a mirror with
which it is possible to view the subject being photographed through the
lens of the camera rather than through a separate viewfinder. The mirror
retracts prior to exposure.

SINGLE‑POLE DOUBLE‑THROW (SPDT) A switch that connects one wire to
either of two other wires.

SINGLE STEP PROGRESSION A progression using a one increment difference
between bittings of a given position.

SINGLE‑STROKE BELL A bell which is struck once each time its mechanism
is activated.

SINGLE SYSTEM An arrangement for recording original picture and sound
simultaneously on the same strip of film.

SINGLE VOIDING CARD READER A stand alone card reader capable of removing
one or more individual access codes from use in the system.

SIT See Silicon Intensifier Target.

SITE SECURITY CONTROL CENTER (SSCC) A facility from which control of
site sentry and response forces is exercised. This facility may include
the alarm center, the visual assessment facilities, and other
appropriate security facilities.

SIX COLUMN PROGRESSION A process wherein key bittings are obtained by
using the cut possibilities in six columns of the key bitting array.

SIX PIN MASTER KEY A master key for all combinations obtained by
progression six bitting positions.

SKD See Single Keyed. Normally followed by a numerical designation in
the standard key coding system; e.g., SKD1, SKD2, etc.

SKEW See Degree of Rotation.

SKYLIGHT A glazed opening located in the roof of a building.

SLAVE FLASH UNIT An independent, additional light source whose flash is
activated by a photoelectric cell triggered by the flash from the main
or auxiliary source falling upon the cell.

SLAVE RELAY A relay activated by a master relay or similar controlling
device.

SLIDE See Spring Cover.

SLIDE BOLT A simple lock which is operated directly by hand without
using a key, a turnpiece, or other actuating mechanism. Slide bolts can
normally only be operated from inside.

SLIDING METAL GATE An assembly of metal bars, jointed so that it can be
moved to and locked in position across a window or other opening, in
order to prevent unauthorized entry through the opening.

SLIP KNIFING See Loiding.

SMALL ARMS FIRE Projectiles with impact force up to that equal to a 7.62
mm bullet fired from an M‑14 rifle or equivalent at its highest velocity
using service ammunition.

SMK See Sub‑Master Key.

SMOKE DETECTOR A device that detects particles associated with smoke in
the immediate vicinity of the sensor. Generally, it is used instead of a
heat detector because smoke usually precedes the intense heat of a fire
and this gives an early warning of a fire. Two types of smoke detectors
are in widespread use: photoelectric and ionization detectors.
Photoelectric types use a beam break or light scattering principle to
detect the presence of smoke particles in the environment. The
ionization types are considered by some to be more efficient because
they detect the electrically charged ion particles associated with smoke
at the early stages of fire. Smoke detectors employing both types of
detection in a single unit are called combination smoke detectors.

SNIFFER A device used to determine possible sources of ultrasonic
frequencies within a protection area that may cause an ultrasonic motion
detector to false alarm. In operation, a sniffer is tuned to the same
frequency used by the ultrasonic motion detector and is moved around
within the sensor\'s coverage area to locate interfering signals.

SNOW Disturbances that appear on a video display unit. They are caused
by strong random noise in the signal lines.

SOFT 1. A picture which is not sharply focused. 2. A print or negative
of relatively low contrast.

SOFT LIGHTING Diffuse lighting which results in a flat scene in which
the luminance differences between highlights and shadows are small.

SOFTWARE The programs and operating systems that are run in a computer
performing specific tasks. Software encompasses all the different types
of computer languages and the operating programs written in these
languages.

SOFTWARE SECURITY Those computer programs and routines which protect
data or information processed by an ADP system and its resources.

SOLAR BATTERY A battery that charges through a photo‑voltaic cell. It is
excellent for use with sensors in outdoor applications along a perimeter
or in difficult access terrain.

SOLENOID An electromagnet with a movable iron core, sometimes used to
trip the shutter of a camera in synchronization with a photoflash bulb
or for remote control purposes.

SOLID CORE DOOR A door constructed so that the space (core) between the
two facing sheets is completely filled with wood blocks or other rigid
material.

SOLID STATE Electronic components that use semiconductors in
construction and which do not utilize tubes or mechanical parts such as
relays. Solid state parts represent the vast majority of electronic
components in use today and contribute to the reliability and
compactness of current security system technology.

SONIC Vibrations which can be heard by the human ear.

SONIC MOTION DETECTOR A sensor which detects the motion of an intruder
by his disturbance of an audible sound pattern generated within the
protected area.

SOUND DISCRIMINATOR A type of sensor that responds to specific
frequencies associated with intrusion, such as breaking glass.

SOUND GROUPS Sound transmission attenuation groups (ratings measured in
decibels established to satisfy the acoustical security requirements of
SCIFs.

SOUND SENSING DETECTION SYSTEM An alarm system which detects the audible
sound caused by an attempted forcible entry into a protected structure.
The system consists of microphones and a control unit containing an
amplifier, accumulator and a power supply. The unit\'s sensitivity is
adjustable so that ambient noises or normal sounds will not initiate an
alarm signal. However, noises above this preset level or a sufficient
accumulation of impulses will initiate an alarm.

SOUND SENSOR A sensor that uses microphone circuitry to detect sound and
initiate an alarm when sounds of a given volume or characteristic are
received.

SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS (STC) A rating used in architectural
considerations of sound transmission properties of building features
such as walls, partitions, ceilings and floors.

SOURCE DOCUMENT A form for recording data, usually the original record
from which computer‑stored records are subsequently made.

SPACE Absence of a signal. In TTY communications, a space represents an
open condition or no current flowing. In digital communications, a space
represents a binary 0.

SPACE PROTECTION See Area Protection.

SPACING The dimensions from the stop to the center of the first cut
and/or to the centers of successive cuts.

SPALLING Small fragments breaking off the back side of the glazing.
Often used in reference to ballistic glazing, some forms of which emit
glass particles when struck by a projectile.

SPAN SENSOR Any type of sensor that covers a straight and narrow space
between two points. Sensors that use a light or RF beam would be
included in this category.

SPARK GAP PROTECTION The use of a spark gap to dissipate the unwanted
buildup of high voltage electrical energy.

SPECIAL ACCESS INFORMATION Information which the originator identifies
as containing data involving program history, planning, operations,
management function and techniques, funding and acquisition procedures,
security measures, and system and subsystem
operational/technological/technical information identified in the
security classification guides. Access to this information requires
special access authorization prior to exposure to the program.

SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM (SAP) A program designated by appropriate
authority for the purpose of controlling access, distribution and to
protect particularly sensitive information. SAPs are established when it
is shown that normal management and safeguard procedures are not
sufficient to control and limit access. In certain circumstances a
sensitive program requires that the knowledge of the existence of the
pro gram be carefully controlled.

SPECIAL APPLICATION CYLINDER Any cylinder other than a mortise, rim, key
knob or profile cylinder.

SPECTRUM ANALYZER A device that detects the presence of RF
transmissions. It is primarily employed in the detection of covert RF
transmitters.

SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM See Voice Recognition System.

SPIDER A junction box connected to a cable having multiple electrical
outlets.

SPIKE Spikes are an undesirable momentary increase in electrical current
or signal that can cause an equipment malfunction. An amplitude surge.

SPINDLE The shaft that fits into the shank of a door knob or handle, and
that serves as its axis of rotation.

SPLIT ASTRAGAL A two piece astragal, one piece of which is surface
mounted on each door of a double door and is provided with a means of
adjustment to mate with the other piece and provide a seal. See also
Astragal.

SPLIT IMAGE LENS A special lens that permits the viewing of two
different fields. This allows two scenes to be photographed by a single
camera. It is useful for comparison purposes or where space permits only
the use of a single camera.

SPLIT PIN See Master Pin.

SPLIT PIN MASTER KEYING A method of master keying a pin tumbler cylinder
by installing master pins into one or more pin chambers.

SPLIT SCREEN The display of video input from more than one CCTV camera
on a single video display unit.

SPOOFING 1. The defeat or compromise of an alarm system by \"tricking\"
or \"fooling\" its detection devices such as by short circuiting part or
all of a series circuit, cutting wires in a parallel circuit, reducing
the sensitivity of a sensor, or entering false signals into the system.
Spoofing contrasts with circumvention. 2. A penetration technique that
allows an intruder to enter an alarmed area after causing a succession
of false alarms that undermine a guards confidence in the system to the
point that alarms are ignored.

SPOOL PIN Usually a top pin which resembles a spool, typically used to
increase pick resistance.

SPOOL TUMBLER A type of tumbler used in pin tumbler locks to add
security against picking. Operates on the same principal as the mushroom
tumbler.

SPOT EXPOSURE METER A reflected light exposure meter capable of
measuring the luminance of a small field, usually 3 degrees or less.

SPOT FILTER An area, in the center of a lens, that reduces the amount of
light passing through it. The spot filter has little effect when the
iris is wide open. However, as the iris is closed down, the spot filter
occupies an increasing portion of the available light gathering area.
Primarily used with iris controls for low light level CCTV cameras.

SPOT PROTECTION The protection of individual objects or very confined
areas by one or more sensors. Also called Point Protection.

SPOTLIGHT A small movable light with a tightly focused beam. Usually
used to illuminate objects at a distance.

SPOTTING The actual deterioration of the light sensitive coating on a
television image pickup tube. The monitor image contains white spots
located randomly throughout the picture.

SPRING BOLT See Latch.

SPRING BOLT WITH ANTI LOIDING DEVICE See Dead Latch.

SPRING CONTACT A device employing a current carrying cantilever spring
which monitors the position of a door or window.

SPRING COVER A device for sealing one or more pin chambers.

SPRING LATCH A type of low security rim lock, often seen on screen
doors. These have no key, but a button and knob arrangement that can be
set either to leave the latch (bolt) protruding (locked) or retracted
(unlocked).

SPRINT Special Police Radio Inquiry Network used in New York City to
reduce patrol response times through computer pinpointing of emergency
locations and patrol cars.

SPUR KEY A key which has a \"spur\" of metal added onto the end. The key
is identical to a normal key except for the spur which sets off a silent
duress alarm when inserted into a lock. Spur keys are often used by bank
personnel for money drawers, vault doors, etc. In the event of a
robbery, the spur key is substituted for the regular key.

SPURIOUS ALARM A false alarm caused by an equipment defect.

SPURIOUS SIGNAL See Cross Talk.

SQUARE WAVE RESPONSE In image pickup tubes, the ratio of the
peak‑to‑peak signal amplitude (resulting from exposure to a test pattern
of alternating black and white bars of equal widths) to the difference
in signal between large black and white areas (having the identical
illuminations as the black and white bars) in the test pattern.

STACK HEIGHT See Pin Stack Height.

STAND ALONE 1. Computer programs, routines, or subroutines not under
control of an operating system during their execution. 2. Devices that
operate with their own set of instructions.

STAND ALONE CARD READER See Off‑line Card Reader.

STANDARD KEY CODING SYSTEM An industry standard and uniform method of
designating all keys and/or cylinders in a master key system. The
designation automatically indicates the exact function and keying level
of each key and/or cylinder in the system, usually without further
explanation.

STANDARD LINE SUPERVISION See Class E Electronic Line Supervision.

STANDARD PROGRESSION FORMAT A systematic method of listing and relating
all change key combinations to all master key combinations in a master
key system. The listing is divided into segments known as blocks,
horizontal groups, vertical groups, rows, and pages, for levels of
control.

STANDBY POWER SUPPLY Equipment which supplies power to a system in the
event the primary power is lost. It may consist of batteries, charging
circuits, auxiliary motor generators or a combination of these devices.

START STOP TRANSMISSION A method of data transmission using start bits
to signal the beginning of data transfer and stop bits to signal
completion of the transfer. Also called asynchronous transmission.

STATE‑OF‑THE‑ART SECURITY Physical and logical concepts which have been
proven to be effective through both research and development and in
practice and which provide the most cost beneficial safe guards
available; some times thought of in terms of the newest high technology
mechanisms which may or may not be suitable for the applications in
question.

STATIC DISCHARGE The sudden release of accumulated static. Whenever two
dissimilar materials come in contact, some static discharge may occur.
This charge may be quite unnoticeable, yet significant enough to damage
delicate devices such as integrated circuits.

STATION BOX A metal box or enclosure that houses station keys or signal
devices used during guard hours.

STATION, STATION EQUIPMENT, STATION SETS, SUBSCRIBER STATION Any
telephone console, data terminal, or other component of the CTS network
which is connected to a dedicated port circuit of the CTS and which is
used to communicate, via a temporary switched connection through the
CTS, to another such station or to a trunk connection for access to an
external network.

STATIONARY SURVEILLANCE Observation from a fixed point.

STATUS The condition of a zone, sensor, or system at a given time.

STATUS LEVEL An access control term that refers to access level. Access
level is the degree of restrictions placed upon a given access card at
specific locations and during certain time periods.

STEADY STATE A condition in which circuit values remain essentially
constant, occurring after all initial transients or fluctuating
conditions have settled down.

STEALTH Methods used to attempt to gain unauthorized access, introduce
unauthorized materials, or remove strategic special nuclear materials,
where the attempt involves falsification to present the appearance of
authorized access.

STEP See Increment.

STEP PIN A spool or mushroom pin which has had a portion of its end
machined to a smaller diameter than the opposite end. It is typically
used as a top pin to improve pick resistance by some manufacturers of
high security cylinders.

STEP TOLERANCE See Maximum Adjacent Cut Specification.

STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER A transformer in which the energy transfer is from
the high voltage winding to a low voltage winding or windings.

STEP UP TRANSFORMER A transformer in which the energy transfer is from
the low voltage winding to a high voltage winding or windings.

STEP VOLTAGE REGULATOR A device consisting of a regulating transformer
and a means for adjusting the voltage of the system circuit in steps.

STEPPED TUMBLER A special (usually disc) tumbler used in master keying.
It has multiple bearing surfaces for blades of different key sections.

STEREO CAMERA A camera having two lenses or the equivalent, through
which a pair of pictures making up a stereogram may be taken
simultaneously.

STILE One of the vertical edge members of a paneled door or window sash.

STOOL A flat molding fitted over the window sill between the jambs and
contacting the bottom rail of the lower sash.

STOP 1. The aperture or diaphragm. See F Stop. 2. The part of a key from
which all cuts are indexed and which determines how far the key enters
the keyway. 3. A button or other device that serves to lock and unlock a
latch bolt against actuation by the out side knob or thumb piece.
Another type holds the bolt retracted. 4. The projecting part of a door
or window frame against which a swinging door or window closes, or in
which a sliding door or window moves.

STOP SIDE That face of a door which contracts the door stop.

STORAGE A device in which data can be entered, stored, and later
retrieved.

STORAGE AREA The areas within the boundary fence, or within the outer
boundary fence where two are installed, in which nuclear weapons are
retained.

STORE FRONT SASH An assembly of light metal members forming a continuous
frame for a fixed glass store front.

STORM SASH, WINDOW or DOOR An extra window or door, usually placed on
the outside of an existing one as additional protection against cold or
hot weather.

STRAIN GAUGE ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which detects the stress
caused by the weight of an intruder as he moves about a building.
Typical uses include placement of the strain gauge sensor under a floor
joist or under a stairway tread.

STRAIN GAUGE SENSOR A sensor which, when attached to an object, will
provide an electrical response to an applied stress upon the object,
such as a bending, stretching or compressive force.

STRAIN SENSITIVE CABLE An electrical cable which is designed to produce
a signal whenever the cable is strained by a change in applied force.
Typical uses including mounting it in a wall to detect an attempted
forced entry through the wall, or fastening it to a fence to detect
climbing on the fence, or burying it around a perimeter to detect
walking or driving across the perimeter.

STRAP See Jumper.

STRAP HINGE A surface hinge of which one or both leaves are of
considerable length.

STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE Refers to information regarding the capabilities,
vulnerabilities, and intentions of foreign nations required by planners
in establishing the basis for an adequate national security policy in
time of peace.

STREAKING The flaring of objects in the horizontal axis on a video
display unit.

STREAMER TAPE A tape drive used primarily as a backup storage device to
a Winchester disk drive; records the exact data image without
formatting.

STRESS SENSITIVE CABLE Electrical cable that produces a varied signal as
a function of stress on the cable. It is used as a sensor for walls and
fences and is buried around perimeters.

STRESS SENSOR A sensor that responds to load changes as a result of
motion.

STRIKE A metal plate attached to or mortised into a door jamb to receive
and hold a projected latch bolt and/or dead bolt in order to secure the
door to the jamb.

STRIKE, BOX See Box Strike.

STRIKE, DUSTPROOF A strike which is placed in the threshold or sill of
an opening, or in the floor, to receive a flush bolt, and is equipped
with a spring loaded follower to cover the recess and keep out dirt.

STRIKE, INTERLOCKING A strike which receives and holds a vertical,
rotary, or hook dead bolt.

STRIKE PLATE See Strike.

STRIKE REINFORCEMENT A metal plate attached to a door or frame to
receive a strike.

STRIKE, ROLLER A strike for latch bolts, having a roller mounted on the
lip to reduce friction.

STRIP WIRING Fine bore wires mounted on strips across skylights and
other elevated openings, walls, and doors, which initiate an alarm when
broken.

STROBE An extremely bright flashing light used with an alarm system at
the location of intrusion sensors to deter intruders and indicate the
immediate area where the sensor was tripped.

STROBOSCOPE A light source which produces a continuous series of
flashes, each a few microseconds in duration, at a repetitious,
controllable rate. It is used to study a rapidly moving part by
adjusting the flashing rate close to the frequency of motion of the
part, thereby slowing or stopping its apparent motion.

STRONGROOM An interior space enclosed by or separated from other similar
spaces by four walls, a ceiling and a floor, constructed of solid
building materials, and used for storage of classified material.

STUD A slender wood or metal post used as a supporting element in a wall
or partition.

STUD ANCHOR A device used to secure a stud to the floor.

SUB‑ASSEMBLED See Uncombinated.

SUBASSEMBLY A unitized portion of a whole apparatus or piece of
equipment. A subassembly that performs a dedicated task within the
complete piece of equipment may be referred to as a module.

SUB‑BUCK See Rough Buck.

SUB‑FRAME See Rough Buck.

SUB‑MASTER KEY The master key level immediately below the master key
system of six or more levels of keying.

SUB‑MASTER KEY SYSTEM A keying system wherein one key opens all doors in
a particular area of a facility, such as the accounting department or
loading dock.

SUB‑MINIATURE CAMERA A very small, still picture camera which uses 16mm
or smaller film.

SUBSCRIBER ACCOUNT A unique numerical designation assigned to each
communicator located at a subscriber\'s premises. This code is
transmitted to a central station along with system status information
upon alarm.

SUBSCRIBER\'S EQUIPMENT That portion of a central station alarm system
installed in the protected premises.

SUBSCRIBER\'S UNIT A control unit of a central station alarm system.

SUBVERSION All willful acts which do not fit the categories of treason,
espionage, sabotage, or sedition, but which are intended to lend aid,
comfort, or moral support to individuals, groups, or organizations
advocating the overthrow of the United States government by force and
violence, or are otherwise intended to be detrimental to the national
security of the United States.

SUBVOICE GRADE LINE A telephone or transmission line that has not been
balanced for voice grade communications. A subvoice grade line is used
for simple electrical transmissions such as direct wire or McCulloh.

SUNSHADE A hood placed over a lens to keep stray light from its surface.

SUPERIMPOSED IMAGE RANGEFINDER A rangefinder which displays two images
in the same field, and which indicates focus on the object centered in
the rangefinder when the images coincide. Often, one image has a
slightly different color for ease in viewing.

SUPERVISED CIRCUIT A circuit that includes a method of signaling an
abnormal alarm circuit condition. Such conditions include a power loss
or drop, or a short.

SUPERVISED CLOSING A signal sent to a central station from a subscriber
indicating the closing of a premises.

SUPERVISED LINES Interconnecting lines in an alarm system which are
electrically supervised against tampering. See also line supervision.

SUPERVISED OPENING A signal sent to a central station from a subscriber
indicating the opening of a premises.

SUPERVISED SYSTEM An alarm reporting system that includes circuitry to
annunciate abnormal circuit conditions, such as a power loss or drop, or
a short.

SUPERVISION, ELECTRONIC Pertains to the supervision of the security
equipment itself, rather than the alarm line. An electronically
supervised security device incorporates fail safe electronic circuits to
warn of equipment malfunction.

SUPERVISION, LINE Electrical protection of an alarm line. This is
accomplished by having a continuous flow of current through the circuit.
A change of current will be detected by the monitor. The monitor gives
an alarm if the change exceeds the allowable amount for a given
percentage of line supervision. See Percentage Supervision.

SUPERVISION, MECHANICAL Protection of security equipment against
tampering by use of tamper switches connected in series with an
electrically supervised alarm line.

SUPERVISION, PERCENTAGE OF Percentage by which the supervisory current
in an alarm line can be varied without causing an alarm. The lower the
percentage of supervision, the more difficult the alarm line is to
compromise.

SUPERVISORY ALARM SYSTEM An alarm system which monitors conditions or
persons or both and signals any deviation from an established norm or
schedule. Examples are the monitoring of signals from guard patrol
stations for irregularities in the progression along a prescribed patrol
route, and the monitoring of production or safety conditions such as
sprinkler water pressure, temperature, or liquid level.

SUPERVISORY CIRCUIT An electrical circuit or radio path which sends
information on the status of a sensor or guard patrol to an annunciator.
For intrusion alarm systems, this circuit provides line supervision and
monitors tamper devices. See also Supervisory Alarm System.

SUPERVISORY PROGRAMS Computer programs designed to coordinate service
and augment the machine components of the system, and coordinate and
service application programs. They handle work scheduling, input/output
operations, error actions, and other functions.

SUPERZAPPING The unauthorized use of utility computer programs that
violate computer access controls to modify, destroy or expose data in a
computer. The name derives from an IBM utility program called
\"Superzap.\"

SUPPLEMENTARY LENS An attachable lens by means of which the focal length
of a camera lens may be increased or decreased.

SUPPRESSION The maintenance of signal characteristics within specified
limits for optimal performance.

SURFACE HINGE A hinge having both leaves attached to the surface and
thus fully visible.

SURGE PROTECTION A circuit or device that protects circuitry from sudden
increases in voltage or current.

SURREPTITIOUS Covert, hidden, concealed, or disguised.

SURREPTITIOUS ENTRY The unauthorized entry into a facility or security
container in a manner in which evidence of such entry is not
discernible.

SURREPTITIOUS LISTENING DEVICE Equipment used to obtain information
without knowledge of all persons involved.

SURVEILLANCE 1. Supervision or inspection of industrial processes by
monitoring those conditions which could cause damage if not corrected.
See also supervisory alarm system.

2\. Control of premises for security purposes through alarm systems,
closed circuit television (CCTV), or other monitoring methods.

SURVEILLANCE CAMERA Any type of camera that provides constant or
periodic watch over a protection area. It may be covert or openly
displayed.

SWEEP The process of detecting electronic eavesdropping devices in a
facility with the use of electronic probing equipment. The purpose of a
sweep is to remove all eavesdropping devices from premises.

SWINGER Any momentary interruption of a circuit for a minute fraction of
a second. A swinger may cause a fault condition that is not associated
with an alarm. Voltage transients and dirty contacts are frequent
sources of swingers.

SWINGER DETECTOR A device that fits in an alarm control panel and
electronically detects and annunciates swingers of such short duration
that they do not alarm, yet present potential circuit problems. In this
way, future alarm circuit problems may be detected and remedied before
they cause false alarms.

SWINGING BOLT A bolt that is hinged to a lock front and is projected and
retracted with a swinging rather than a sliding action. Also called
hinged or pivot bolt.

SWITCH, BALANCED MAGNETIC Magnetic door or gate switch which operates in
a balance magnetic field. This switch is built in such a manner as to
make it difficult to compromise by the application of an external
magnet. These switches usually consist of one or more reed switches held
closed by a magnet on the protected door. Application of an external
magnet causes a second set of contacts to close, causing an alarm to be
given. Opening the door, of course, also opens the switch.

SWITCH, DAY NIGHT Switch used to deactivate a security system to allow
access to the protected area during hours of normal occupancy.

SWITCH, DOOR A switch, usually magnetically operated, which opens its
contacts when the door which it is protecting opens. The switch is
usually mounted on the door frame and the magnet which operates it is
usually mounted on the door. The switch is connected in series with a
closed alarm circuit. Opening the circuit causes an alarm to be given.

SWITCH, GATE This switch operates in the same manner as a door switch.
It is usually enclosed in a weatherproof housing to permit outdoor use.
See Door Switch.

SWITCH MATTING Sections of thin vinyl material contain electrically
conductive strips or wire serving as normally open switches. The matting
closes a circuit when a weight or pressure is applied. Switch matting is
also available in narrow rolls. Matting in this form is called a switch
runner. It is primarily used under carpeting as an intrusion sensor. See
also Area Mat.

SWITCH RUNNER Long lengths of switch matting that come in narrow rolls.
The runner may be cut to the desired length. See also Switch Matting.

SWITCH, TAMPER A switch in security equipment enclosures which opens the
alarm line circuit if the enclosure is opened, causing an alarm to be
given.

SWITCHER FADER A video switching device that permits electronic
switching of video sources to various outputs. A fade unit is
incorporated to control picture gain from full brightness to black.

SYMMETRICAL LENS A lens combination with identical front and rear
elements.

SYNC See Synchronization.

SYNC COMPRESSION A decrease in the amplitude of a sync signal, in
respect to the picture signal, that occurs between two points of a
circuit.

SYNC GENERATOR A device that produces a synchronization signal.

SYNC LEVEL The peak amplitude level of synchronizing signal.

SYNC SIGNAL In CCTV systems, a signal produced for the synchronization
of scanning functions.

SYNCHRO FLASH A flash arrangement in which the flash bulb ignites at the
same time that the shutter is opened.

SYNCHRONIZATION 1. The occurrence of two or more events at one time. 2.
In video, sustaining two or more scanning processes in phase. It is
often referred to as \"sync.\"

SYNCHRONIZING Maintaining two or more scanning processes.

SYNCHRONOUS DEMODULATION In a color television receiver, the process of
separately detecting the I and O side bands of the color sub‑carrier
system.

SYNCHRONOUS A transmission mode having a constant time interval between
successive bits, characters, or events. The term implies that all
equipment in the system is in step.

SYSTEM, ACTIVE SECURITY Security system employing a detector which
generates the energy used to detect the presence of an intruder and
receives the same energy when it is reflected back to the detector from
the protected area.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The actual interconnection scheme and types of
equipment that compose a system.

SYSTEM, BUILDING SECURITY Protective apparatus of a building. This can
include electrical and electronic security equipment as well as a guard
force. Equipment surveillance devices can also be included in the
security system, along with the intrusion detection equipment. Security
systems are generally more sophisticated than the simple burglar alarm
and they provide more comprehensive protection.

SYSTEM CARD READER An access control card reader that does not contain
its own intelligence, but is connected to a central system controller.
The system card reader provides the central computer with the
information on the card and the central computer makes the decision
whether or not to grant entry/exit. The central controller also provides
the signal to activate the door strike. Also called an line card reader.

SYSTEM, CENTRAL STATION Alarm system connected to a central guard
station. These are usually owned and operated by the installing company
which also furnishes the guard personnel at the central station.

SYSTEM CODE A number or alphanumeric sequence, printed on an access
control card, used for record keeping and card control. Also called card
identification code.

SYSTEM, CODE TRANSMISSION A type of alarm system which has several
customers\' premises on a single alarm loop connected to a central
station. The circuit on each property sends a different coded signal to
the central station upon alarm. Such systems are intended to minimize
the cost of leased wires.

SYSTEM, COMBINATION CENTRAL STATION and LOCAL ALARM Alarm system which
sounds a local alarm e.g., horn or bell) and also transmits an alarm to
a central station.

SYSTEM CRUNCHING Well intentioned but unauthorized trespass within an
operating system by sophisticated system users in order to reveal system
deficiencies.

SYSTEM, DIRECT WIRE Alarm system connected directly to police
headquarters.

SYSTEM, ELECTROMECHANICAL Alarm system consisting of a closed electrical
loop which runs around a protected area. In the loop are protective
switching devices such as door switches, window foil, screens, etc. All
of these components are connected in series. Opening any one of them to
enter the protected area breaks the circuit and energizes an alarm
relay. This activates the alarm. The alarm can be either local or
remote.

SYSTEM FLOWCHART A diagram showing the flow of data.

SYSTEM HIGH SECURITY The security environment wherein protection is in
accordance with the requirements for the highest sensitivity category
and type of material contained in the system. The code of ADP operation
in which all personnel having access to the system have a security
clearance, but not necessarily the need know, for all material
processed.

SYSTEM INTEGRITY The state that exists when there is complete assurance
that under all conditions an ADP system is based on the logical
correctness and reliability of the operating system, the logical
completeness of the hardware and software that implement the protection
mechanisms and the integrity of the data.

SYSTEM, PASSIVE SECURITY Security system such as an audio system which
employs a detector that depends on energy (audio or vibration) produced
by an intruder to detect his presence.

SYSTEM, PROPRIETARY Alarm system owned by the customer rather than by
the installing company.

T

TACTICAL OR COMBAT OPERATIONS Operations that are conducted under combat
or simulated combat conditions and that must provide for a mobile or
semipermanent environment.

TAILGATING In access control, the attempt by more than one individual to
enter a controlled area using a single card. This situation can be
prevented by using additional physical access devices, such as
turnstiles or a mantrap. Also called piggybacking.

TAILPIECE An actuator attached to the rear of the cylinder, parallel to
the plug, typically used on rim, key knob or special purpose cylinders.

TAKE OFF BLOCK See Foil Take Off Block.

TAMPER 1. A state of alarm caused by tampering. 2. The act of attempting
to violate or bypass a security system by manipulating the system
equipment. Most advanced systems have a built in tamper switch in the
alarm equipment that initiates a tamper indication when tripped.

TAMPER BELL A single stroke bell designed to produce a sound of low
intensity and relatively high pitch.

TAMPER DEVICE 1. A metal bar which incorporates a protective cover over
a high security padlock, the removal of which to gain access to the lock
causes an alarm. 2. A monitor circuit to detect any attempt to modify
the alarm circuitry, such as by cutting a wire. 3. Any device, usually a
switch, which is used to detect an attempt to gain access to intrusion
alarm circuitry, such as by removing a switch cover.

TAMPER SWITCH A switch which is installed in such a way as to detect
attempts to remove the enclosure of some alarm system components such as
control box doors, switch covers, junction box covers, or bell housings.
The alarm component is then often described as being tampered.

TAMPER RESISTANT HARDWARE Builders\' hardware with screws or bolt
connections that are hidden or cannot be removed with conventional
tools.

TAP 1. Time of arrival of police; that is, the interval from
transmission of an alarm to the time of arrival of the police patrol at
the protected site. 2. A tap is a connection brought out of a winding at
some point between its extremities, usually to permit changing the
voltage or current ratio. 3. Covert monitoring of a telephone line,
often via a connection to the telephone line outside a building\'s
premises.

TAPE DIALER A device that, upon receipt of an alarm signal,
automatically dials a preprogrammed telephone number and repeats a
prerecorded message via playback of a magnetic tape. A tape dialer can
be programmed to call several different numbers.

TARGET In television image pickup tubes, a structure that has a storage
surface that is scanned by an electron beam to generate a signal output
current which corresponds to a store charge density pattern. The
structure may include the storage surface, the back plate, and the
intervening dielectric. An object, background, or reflector at which a
beam emitting sensor is aimed.

TARGET INTEGRATION A system of increasing the sensitivity of a
television camera that is viewing a static scene by cutting off the
camera\'s electron beam for a predetermined number of frames and, then,
reading out the information in the first frame after the beam is turned
on.

TARGET VOLTAGE In a camera tube with low velocity scanning, the
potential difference between the thermionic cathode and the backplate.

TARGET BACKGROUND DIFFERENTIAL In reference to passive infrared sensors,
the temperature difference expressed in degrees between the ambient (or
back ground) temperature and that of an object (target) within the
protective area.

TAUT WIRE A perimeter fence sensor that uses high tensile strength wire
that is tensioned to a specific torque and anchored at both ends.
Special detection switches, mounted in fence support posts and attached
to the wire, detect a change in tension caused by intrusion or
disturbance of the fence.

TEARING In video, a picture condition in which groups of horizontal
lines are displaced in an irregular manner.

TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE The product resulting from the collection,
evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign scientific and
technical information which covers foreign developments in basic and
applied research and in applied engineering techniques; scientific and
technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all foreign
military system, weapons, weapon systems, and material, the research and
development related thereto, and the production methods used in their
manufacture.

TECHNICAL SECURITY 1. The control and management of security systems
through the use of electronic and/or electromechanical methods. 2.
Measures taken to prevent, deter, and detect intelligence gathering by
electronic, electromagnetic, aural, visual, or other means; Technical
Surveillance Countermeasures (TSCM) established to protect the system
against surreptitious interception of information (i.e., bugging and
tapping).

3\. Techniques for protecting data in an ADP environment (other than by
physical or administrative means) which include authentication and
identification, compartmentalization by hardware and software, privacy
transformation (encryption), and threat modeling (audit trails).

TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE COUNTERMEASURES (TSCM) SURVEYS and INSPECTIONS A
thorough physical, electronic, and visual examination to detect
technical surveillance devices, technical security hazards, and related
physical security weaknesses.

TECHNOLOGICAL ATTACK An attack which can be perpetrated by circumventing
or nullifying hardware and software access control mechanisms, rather
than by subverting personnel or other uses.

TELEMETRY Data collection from remote field units to a central
information processing system.

TELEPHONE ANALYZER A device that detects electronic eavesdropping
apparatus present in telephone sets and telephone transmission lines.

TELEPHONE DIALER, AUTOMATIC A device which, when activated,
automatically dials one more preprogrammed telephone numbers (e.g.,
police, fire department) and relays a recorded voice or coded message
giving the location and nature of the alarm.

TELEPHONE DIALER, DIGITAL An automatic telephone dialer which sends its
message as a digital code.

TELEPHONE ENTRY SYSTEM An entry system for two part access that uses an
existing telephone system. A telephone entry unit is located near the
main building entrance or lobby. The door strike that controls entry to
the main part of the building is connected to the telephone entry
system. An individual desiring access enters a code on the telephone
set, and the telephone with the corresponding number rings at the
location of the party granting access. The party granting access enters
a code on their telephone set and the door strike is activated. It is
used in apartments and secure buildings. Also called a entry system.

TELEPHONE LINE MONITOR An electronic device that initiates an alarm
output within a given time after the telephone line being monitored has
been cut or ceases to function.

TELEPHONE SCRAMBLER A device used at both the transmit and receive ends
of a telephone line for the transmission of scrambled voice
communications. Multiple codes are switch selectable. Speech frequency
inversion is one method of scrambling telephone signals.

TELEPHOTO LENS A lens that greatly enlarges an area within a narrow
angle of view.

TELEPROCESSING A form of information handling in which a data processing
system utilizes communication facilities. (Originally, but no longer an
IBM trademark.)

TELETYPE A trademark of the Teletype Corporation, usually referring to a
series of different types of teleprinter equipment utilized for
communications systems, such as tape punches, reperforators, page
printers, etc. Commonly used to refer to a communications printer.
Sometimes abbreviated as TTY.

TELEVISION CAMERA A camera that produces an electronic image by
converting optical images into electrical signals. The image is first
formed by a lens on the face of a light sensitive device called an image
pickup tube. This tube outputs a signal that is a function of the light
gradations falling on the face of the image forming plane. The
electrical signal is reconverted to an image by a cathode tube
(television screen).

TELEVISION CAMERA TUBE An electron tube that functions as an optical
converter. An image focused onto the image area of the tube by an
external device such as a lens is scanned by the tube. The light
gradations are converted to electrical current. Also called an image
pickup tube. Many generic and trade names exist that describe the
various types of television camera tubes.

TEMPERATURE SWITCH A switch that completes or opens a circuit when a
high or low temperature limit is reached.

TEMPEST An unclassified term referring to technical investigations for
compromising emanations from electrically operated, information
processing equipment; they are conducted in support of emanations and
emission security.

TEMPEST ACCREDITATION Approval granted by the cognizant tempest approval
authority to process classified information electronically based upon
favorable evaluation the tempest test results indicating compliance with
the National Policy and Control of Compromising Emanations.

TEMPLATE A precise detailed pattern used as a guide in the mortising,
drilling, etc., of a door or frame to receive hardware.

TEMPLATE HARDWARE Hardware manufactured within template tolerances.

TEMPLATE KEYS See Depth Key Set.

TEMPORARY SECURE WORKING AREA (TSWA) A temporarily accredited facility
which is used for handling, discussing, and/or processing of SCI, but
where SCI shall not be stored.

TEMPORARY SECURE AREA An area, room or group of rooms, which have been
properly secured against physical and audio penetration for the
temporary use of sensitive compartmented information.

TENSION WRENCH An instrument used in picking a lock. It is used to apply
torsion to the cylinder core.

TERMINAL 1. A point of connection for a circuit wire. 2. An operator
interface device, consisting of a keyboard and video display unit, for a
computerized system. 3. A wide variety of telephones, consoles, PBXs,
data transmission or other communications devices used to terminate one
or more telephone circuits or data transmission cables.

TERMINAL AREA SECURITY See Terminal Security.

TERMINAL RESISTOR A resistor used as a terminating device.

TERMINAL SECURITY All measures taken to ensure that information as well
as other assets associated with remote terminal sites receives adequate
protection. Protocols (passwords, user IDs, etc.) imposed to assure that
the alleged user is authorized to access the system.

TERMINAL STRIP A junction panel for wires that consists of lengths of
electrical insulator with many screw secured electrical connection
points or clamp connections.

TERMINATING CAPACITOR A capacitor sometimes used as a terminating device
for a capacitance sensor antenna. The capacitor allows the supervision
of the sensor antenna, especially if a long wire is used as the sensor.

TERMINATING DEVICE A device which is used to terminate an electrically
supervised circuit. It makes the electrical circuit continuous and
provides a fixed impedance reference (end of line resistor) against
which changes are measured to detect an alarm condition. The impedance
changes may be caused by a sensor, tampering, or circuit trouble.

TERMINATING RESISTOR See End‑of‑Line Resistor.

TERRAIN FOLLOWING SENSOR A sensor capable of adjusting the protection
zone to varied terrain with the use of multiple antennas or reflecting
devices.

TEST CHART A chart for testing the performance of photographic lenses.
The design usually consists of ruled lines or squares of various sizes
so arranged that by examining the image of such a chart, the quality of
the lens for various parts of the field may be determined. Also known as
a target.

TEST PATTERN A chart especially prepared for checking overall
performance of a television system. It contains various combinations of
lines and geometric shapes. The camera is focused on the chart, and the
pattern is viewed at the monitor for fidelity.

THEORETICAL KEY CHANGES The total possible number of different
combinations available for a specific cylinder or lock mechanism.

THERMAL PRINTER See Electrosensitive Printer.

THERMAL SENSOR A sensor that causes an alarm input when a specified high
or low temperature limit is surpassed in the sensor\'s immediate
environment.

THERMISTOR CIRCUIT A circuit used in ultrasonic sensors to prevent a
detection range shift due to temperature variances in the sensor
environment.

THIMBLE See Plug Holder.

THREADED CYLINDER See Mortise Cylinder.

THREAT 1. Acts or conditions which may result in the compromise of
information, loss of life, damage, loss or destruction of property or
the disruption of the mission of an organization. 2. An expression of
intent to hurt, destroy, punish, etc.

THREE COLUMN PROGRESSION A process wherein key bittings are obtained by
using the cut possibilities in three columns of the key bitting array.

THREE PIN MASTER KEY A master key for all combinations obtained by
progressing three bitting positions.

THREE PHASE POWER Three separate alternating current outputs from a
single source. There is a phase difference of 120 degrees between any
two of the three voltages and currents.

THREE POINT LOCK A locking device required on \"A label\" fire double
doors to lock the active door at three points; the normal position plus
top and bottom.

3002 LINE A designation by the telephone company for voice grade
communication line. Also called a voice grade line.

THRESHOLD A wood or metal plate forming the bottom of a doorway.

THRESHOLD CIRCUIT A timing circuit that extends a sensor originated
alarm indication of very short duration. This allows an alarm signal of
a few milliseconds to be increased to one second or more for assured
transmission to, and reception by, an alarm annunciator. See also Pulse
Extender.

THROUGHPUT The number of individuals able to pass through an access
control point within a specific time period. Throughput is based on the
amount of time required for a given number of individuals to interface
with a card reader and complete an entry/exit cycle without delay.

THROUGHSCAN A method of detection that uses sensors consisting of
separate transmit and receive units which create a point‑to‑point
detection pattern.

THROW See Bolt Projection.

THUMB PIECE (of a door handle) The small pivoted part above the grip of
a door handle, which is pressed by the thumb to operate a latch bolt.

THUMB TURN A unit which is gripped between the thumb and forefinger, and
turned to project or retract a bolt.

THUMB TURN CYLINDER A cylinder with a turn knob rather than a keyway and
tumbler mechanism.

TILT 1. A view camera lens mount which permits rotation of the lens in
the vertical plane. 2. A video term applied to a frequency response that
is lower than acceptable levels.

TILT‑SWITCH SENSOR A fence intrusion detector used in systems comprising
a number of sensing switches connected either in series or in parallel)
and associated processing logic. Movement of the switch housing is
sufficient to make or break a contact. An alarm signal may be the result
of disturbing a single tilt switch, or a predetermined number of switch
circuit events with a given time threshold.

TIME DELAY See Entrance Delay and Exit Delay.

TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEX The transmission of more than one channel of
information over the same transmission link by allotting a given amount
of time to each channel. See Multiplexing, Time Division.

TIME LAPSE Any type of image recording system that takes periodic
sequential samples of a scene. For example, a time lapse camera might
record a 1 second segment every three seconds. This would result in a
sequence which, when played back at normal speed, would show the action
that had taken place during the recording of that segment in one third
of the actual time.

TIME LOCK A feature of many bank vaults and similar type doors which
permit them to be opened only during certain times of the day even if
the correct key and/or combination is used.

TIME OUT A predetermined amount of time that a device will wait before
executing the next operation. The actual time of delay is often user
programmable for many applications.

TIME TABLE That portion of central station equipment which provides a
means for checking incoming signals from McCulloh circuits.

TIME ZONE In access control, a specific time period during which access
levels apply. Access levels may vary with the time of day or with the
day of week.

TIME DELAY CIRCUIT A circuit that creates a time delay (often variable)
between operations. Many alarm systems have time delays that allow an
individual a specified amount of time to enter or exit a building or
area before an alarm is annunciated.

TIME LAPSE VIDEO RECORDER A video tape recorder with the ability to
compress real time using time lapse recording.

TIME/DATE GENERATOR A device that provides 24 hour time and date
information for inclusion in video images. Time and datE status is
included in video frames for purposes of logging and documentation. Time
may be recorded in minutes, seconds, and hundredths of a second.

TIP The portion of the key which enters the keyway first.

TIP STOP A type of stop located at or near the tip of the key.

T‑LINE An electric field type perimeter protection system that comprises
two balanced transmission lines on supports and the accompanying sensor
electronics. The sensor electronics detect amplitude changes, rate of
change, and time disturbance in the signal when an intruder is present.

TOLERANCE The deviation allowed from a given dimension.

TONE MULTIPLEX Frequency division multiplexing that uses tone
frequencies for communications. It applies to frequencies compatible
with telephone equipment. See also Frequency Division Multiplex.

TONING The process by which the color of the image in a developed print
is altered from the normal black toward a brownish black or brown (sepia
toning), a reddish black (copper toning), or a blue black (blue toning).
The toning process generally involves a chemical alteration of the
silver grains in the photography, or replacement of the silver by
another metal, usually iron, selenium, copper or gold.

TOP GUARD An anti‑personnel device usually of barbed or concertina wire
added to the tops of fences and along roof edges.

TOP MASTER KEY The highest level master key in a master key system.

TOP OF BLADE The bitted edge of a single bitted key.

TOP PIN Usually a cylindrical shaped tumbler, usually flat on both ends
and installed directly under the spring in the pin stack.

TOP RAIL A rigid pipe or bar run between the tops of supports on a chain
link fence, installed to keep the mesh from sagging and if necessary to
support the weight of a top guard.

TOTAL POSITION PROGRESSION A process used to obtain key bittings in a
master key system wherein bittings of change keys differ from those of
the top master key in all bitting positions.

TOTAL STACK HEIGHT See Pin Stack.

TOUCH PAD See Digital Keypad.

TOUCH SENSITIVITY The sensitivity of a capacitance sensor at which the
alarm device will be activated only if an intruder touches or comes in
very close proximity (about 1 cm or 1/2 in.) to the protected object.

TRACE LOGS A record of which routines were executed in a program, in
what sequence and, optionally, what data was modified.

TRAFFIC FLOW SECURITY Protection resulting from features, inherent in
some cryptographic equipment, which conceal the presence of a valid
message on a communication circuit, normally achieved by causing the
circuit to appear busy at all times.

TRANSACTION The process by which the controller receives input data,
evaluates it, returns an appropriate response, and generate an output
message.

TRANSACTION LOG A printout delineating all interactive input, process
and outputs on any file.

TRANSACTIONS Input records that are used by programs to update or modify
an existing master file or to cause output to be generated.

TRANSCEIVER A transmitter and receiver housed within a single unit. Many
microwave sensors are transceivers; a beam is transmitted and reflected
back by a remote retro‑target, or by an object, to a receiver in the
same sensor.

TRANSDUCER A device that translates signals in one transmission medium
to corresponding signals in a different transmission medium.

TRANSDUCER CABLE An electret type sensor cable used with processing
circuitry to detect specific sound frequencies characteristic of
intrusion activity. It is primarily used on fences or barricades.

TRANSFORMER An electrical device that changes voltage in direct
proportion to the current and in inverse proportion to the ratio of the
number of turns of its primary and secondary windings.

TRANSIENT A brief power surge in a line during a power source or load
change, or during electrical activity, such as static or lightning in
the environment.

TRANSMISSION The sending of information from one location to another by
radio, microwave, laser, or other nonconnective methods, as well as by
cable, wire, or other connective medium. Transmission also includes
movement involving the actual transfer of custody and responsibility for
a document or other classified material from one authorized addressee to
another.

TRANSMISSION STOP (T‑STOP) A unit of measurement for light transmission
through a lens. Similar to an f‑stop, the stop indicates the true amount
of light passing through a lens by compensating for light lost in
transmission through the lens itself. T‑stop markings may appear on a
lens in addition to f‑stop designations.

TRANSMITTER 1. A device that creates a radio frequency carrier signal,
modulates the signal, and emits it into space for intended receivers. 2.
A device that produces an electrical signal for conveyance to a
compatible remote receiver.

TRANSMITTER KEYING KEYING That part of the subscriber\'s equipment,
which, when actuated, transmits the subscriber\'s coded pulses to the
central station.

TRANSOM An opening window immediately above a door.

TRANSOM BAR The horizontal frame member which separates the door opening
from the transom.

TRANSOM CATCH A latch bolt fastener on a transom, having a ring by which
the latch bolt is retracted.

TRANSOM CHAIN A short chain used to limit the opening of a transom;
usually provided with a plate at each end for attachment.

TRANSOM LIFT A device attached to a door frame and transom by means of
which the transom may be opened or closed.

TRANSPONDER A device that gathers sensor alarm data and converts it into
a format suitable for transmission to a central alarm processor. It is
used in multiplex systems for sending remote data to a central
monitoring unit.

TRANSVERSE MODE NOISE Noise which appears from line to line of a power
line.

TRAP 1. A volumetric sensor installed so as to detect an intruder in a
likely traveled corridor or pathway within a security area. 2. A device,
usually a switch, installed within a protected area, which serves as
secondary protection in the event a perimeter alarm system is
successfully penetrated. Examples are a trip wire switch placed across a
likely path for an intruder, a mat switch hidden under a rug, or a
magnetic switch mounted on an inner door. This can consist of fine wire
lacing in the opening of a skylight or similar opening. The operation is
the same as that of a screen.

TRAP DOOR A breach created intentionally in an EDP system for the
purpose of subverting the software or hardware security features; the
condition can be triggered by something internal to the system such as a
pre‑established date/time value or by an external input such as an
application program input message.

TRAP LOOP A pattern of electrified wire that initiates an alarm when
broken. It is used to protect access areas and crawl spaces.

TRAP ZONE An area having valuables or the appearance of containing
valuables. Protection is deliberately concentrated in this space. An
intruder or burglar is drawn to the high visibility area and will most
likely trip an alarm.

TREASON The levying of war against the United States or the adherence to
their enemies, giving them aid and comfort, by a person owing allegiance
to the United States.

TRESPASSER Legal term for a person who commits the crime of trespassing,
that is, going or remaining on property after having been told or warned
not to. The exact elements of the crime of trespassing differ from state
to state.

TRICKLE CHARGE A continuous direct current, usually very low, which is
applied to a battery to maintain it at peak charge or to recharge it
after it has been partially or completely discharged. Usually applied to
nickel cadmium (NICAD) or wet cell batteries.

TRICKLE CHARGER A device that maintains the charge in storage batteries.
Trickle charging is accomplished by providing a continuous low charge.

TRIM Hardware items mounted on doors such a knobs, latches,
weatherguards, etc.

TRIM HARDWARE See Finish Builders\' Hardware.

TRIM RING See Cylinder Collar and Rose.

TRIP CIRCUIT A circuit that requires a short to initiate an alarm. Any
type of electrical short occurring in a trip circuit activates a tape
dialer or alarm device.

TRIP WIRE A taut line stretched a few inches above the floor. Trip wires
can either be of a breakable or non‑breakable material, either of which
may be part of an alarm system. Non‑breakable wires may be used to
literally trip an intruder. Breakable wires may be used to record the
passage of an intruder through an area.

TRIP WIRE SWITCH A switch which is actuated by breaking or moving a wire
or cord installed across a floor space.

TROJAN HORSE A computer program that is apparently or actually useful
and that contains a trap door; instructions or routines covertly
implanted in a program to subvert the system and allow unauthorized
functions to be performed.

TROUBLE CONDITION A loss of supervisory line current caused by an
abnormal circuit condition, such as a power loss or drop, or a short
circuit.

TROUBLE SIGNAL A signal that results from a trouble condition. A trouble
signal occurs whenever there is a circuit event that is not an alarm in
a supervised circuit or system. See Break Alarm.

TRUNK Any connection from any external network (e.g., central office
access to the public switched network, private lines, tie lines to
another CTS, etc.) to a dedicated part circuit of the CTS which can be
used to communicate with CTS station equipment via the CTS switched
network. The trunks give the CTS stations access to external network
connections.

TRY‑OUT KEY A manipulation key which is usually part of a set, used for
specific series, keyway, and/or brand of lock.

TTY An abbreviation for teletype. Refers to a teletype machine, code or
interface.

T‑STOP See Transmission Stop.

TUBULAR KEY A key with a tubular blade. The key cuts are made into the
end of the blade, around its circumference.

TUMBLER A movable obstruction of varying size and configuration in a
lock or cylinder which makes direct contact with the key or another
tumbler and prevents an incorrect key or torquing device from activating
the lock or other mechanism.

TUMBLER SPRING Any spring which acts directly on a tumbler.

TUNED CIRCUIT CARD An access control card that contains rf circuits
\"tuned\" to disturb a frequency emitted by the card reader. The
frequency fluctuations are interpreted by a processor to determine the
access code in the card. The design of these cards allows them to be
read when they are placed in close proximity to the reader. The card
need not be in actual contact with the reading device. Also called a
proximity card.

TUNGSTEN HALOGEN LAMP See Quartz Halogen Lamp.

TURN PIECE See Thumb Turn.

TURNKEY SYSTEM A fully installed, tested, and ready‑for‑operation system
that is accepted by the customer.

TURNSTILE A mechanical or electromechanical entry/exit device that
controls the flow of individuals between areas. A turnstile may be
activated remotely or locally by a key or access card, or by a switch or
keypad. See also Optical Turnstile.

20‑MIL LOOP See Current Loop.

24‑HOUR CIRCUIT A circuit that can initiate an alarm regardless of the
arming status of the alarm system as a whole. It is typically used for
panic, duress, or medical alert actuators.

TWISTED PAIR An electrical conductor that consists of two wires twisted
around each other and sealed within an outer core. Twisted wire is used
to reduce the possibility of induced ac in wire runs.

TWO COLUMN PROGRESSION A process wherein key bittings are obtained by
using the cut possibilities in two columns of the key bitting array.

TWO MAN CONCEPT This pertains to all facilities where SCI is stored or
processed and required that when the facility is in use, no fewer than
two appropriately cleared personnel are present.

TWO PIN MASTER KEY A master key for all combinations obtained by
progressing two bitting positions.

TWO STEP PROGRESSION A progression using a two increment difference
between bittings of a given position.

TWO‑PERSON RULE As a matter of policy, SCI Control Facilities (SCIFs)
should be staffed with sufficient people to deter unauthorized copying
or illegal removal of SCI. SCIF designated communication centers,
document control centers (registries), and like facilities that handle
or store quantities of SCI must be manned while in operation by at least
two appropriately indoctrinated persons in such proximity to one another
as to provide mutual support in maintaining the integrity of the
facility and the material stored therein. The granting by an SIO of
exceptions to this policy will be made a matter of record and should
involve consideration of the proven reliability and maturity of the
persons involved; the volume, variety and sensitivity of the holdings in
the facility; and whether or not the persons involved are subject to
periodic polygraph examinations as a condition of access. Exceptions for
communications centers, document control centers and the like, should be
granted in only extraordinary circumstances. Routine work by a lone
individual in any SCIF is to be avoided. Contractors will provide two
person occupancy in all SCIFs not specifically exempted by the SIO of
the Government sponsor.

TYNDALL EFFECT The scattering of a light beam when it comes into contact
with a medium having tiny particles in suspension, such as smoke debris
or dust. The term applies to photoelectric type smoke detectors.

TYPE ACCEPTED TELEPHONE Any telephone whose design and construction
conforms with the design standards for telephone security panel approved
telephone sets.

TYPE 1 ERROR In referent to access control system errors, the rejection
of an identification that is actually valid. See also Type 2 Error.

TYPE 2 ERROR In reference to access control system errors, the granting
of entry/exit to an identification that is actually invalid. See also
Type 1 Error.

U

UART See Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter.

UHF See Ultrahigh Frequency.

UHF CONNECTOR A threaded coaxial cable connector commonly used in CCTV
systems.

UL See Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

UL CERTIFICATED For certain types of products which have met UL
requirements, for which it is impractical to apply the UL Listing Mark
or Classification Marking to the individual product, a certificate is
provided which the manufacturer may use to identify quantities of
material for specific job sites or to identify field installed systems.

UL LISTED Signifies that production samples of the product have been
found to comply with established Underwriters Laboratories requirements.
The manufacturer is authorized to use the Laboratories\' Listing Marks
on the listed products which comply with the requirements, contingent
upon the follow up services as a check of compliance.

ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY (UHF) The frequency spectrum from 300 to 3000 MHz.
Its wavelengths range from 10 to 100 centimeters. The UHF spectrum is
employed in wireless communications to central stations.

ULTRASONIC Pertaining to a sound wave having a frequency above that of
audible sound (approximately 20,000 Hz). Ultrasonic sound is used in
ultrasonic detection systems.

ULTRASONIC DETECTION SYSTEM See Ultrasonic Motion Detector and Passive
Ultrasonic Alarm System.

ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY Sound frequencies which are above the range of
human hearing; approximately 20,000 Hz and higher.

ULTRASONIC MOTION DETECTOR A sensor which detects the motion of an
intruder through the use of ultrasonic generating and receiving
equipment. The device operates by filling a space with a pattern of
ultrasonic waves; the modulation of these waves by a moving object is
detected and initiates an alarm signal.

ULTRAVIOLET (UV) Radiation whose wavelengths are just shorter than the
violet end of the visible spectrum, in the 280 to 400 nanometer region.

ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBING FILTER A filter that blocks ultraviolet radiation,
used for cutting haze in color photography. This avoids excessive blues
in color photographs.

ULTRAVIOLET FIRE DETECTOR A sensor that detects a specific increase in
ultraviolet radiation such as is generated by a flame. These UV
detectors are normally designed to be responsive in the 1800 to 2500
angstrom range. This limited band of sensitivity helps eliminate those
false alarms due to electric discharge lightning or solar radiation.

UNASSOCIATED CHANGE KEY A change key which is not related directly to a
particular master key through the use of certain constant cuts.

UNASSOCIATED MASTER KEY A master key which does not have change keys
related to its combination through the use of constant cuts.

UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE A communication or physical transfer of
classified information to an unauthorized recipient.

UNBALANCED LINE A transmission line in which voltages on the two
conductors are unequal with respect to ground.

UNCODED See Uncombinated.

UNCOMBINATED 1. Of or pertaining to a lock cylinder or key in which the
combination has not been set. 2. Of or pertaining to a cylinder which is
or is to be supplied without keys, tumblers and springs.

UNCONTROLLED AREA An area in which uncleared personnel are allowed
uncontrolled access.

UNCONTROLLED CROSS KEYING A condition in which two or more different
keys under different higher level keys operate one cylinder by design;
e.g., XAA1 operated by AB, AB1. NOTE: This condition severely limits the
security of the cylinder and the maximum expansion of the system, and
often leads to key interchange.

UNDERDOME BELL A type of bell in which the activating mechanism is
housed beneath the sounding dish.

UNDERSHOOT The voltage which goes below the required voltage when
correcting for a surge in the line voltage.

UNDERWRITER\'S LABORATORIES, INC. (UL) A nonprofit national testing
laboratory that tests and certifies various categories of equipment and
electrical apparatus for safety and reliability. U.L. publishes
comprehensive standards for wide range of products, including security
and fire protection equipment. U.L. standards may also cover
installation and maintenance. U.L. certified equipment is required by
insuring agencies for many types of installations.

UNIDIRECTIONAL CYLINDER A cylinder whose key can turn in only one
direction from the key pull position, often not making a complete
rotation.

UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS Compilations of statistics of common crimes,
issued annually by the FBI for use by all state and local agencies.

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SOURCE (UPS) A power source that is supported by a
backup battery or other power generating source for use in the event of
a primary power failure. Once input power to the supply is lost, switch
over to the backup source is instantaneous to prevent even a momentary
loss of power. Uninterruptible power sources are essential for most
security installations. A power failure of extremely short duration
could cause a memory loss in a computerized system. Also called an
uninterruptible power supply.

UNIT LOCK See Preassembled Lock.

UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER/TRANSMITTER (UART) A device that
interfaces a word parallel controller or data terminal

over two lines to a bit serial communication network.

UNIVERSAL KEYWAY See Composite Keyway.

UPGRADE This is a determination that certain classified information, in
the interest of national security, requires a higher degree of
protection against unauthorized disclosure than is currently provided,
coupled with a changing of the classification designation to reflect
such a higher degree. See

UPS See Uninterruptible Power Source.

USER AGENCY The DoD or Federal organization sponsoring a classified
contract.

USER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER Number that uniquely identifies a user of a
computer system. Used to monitor access and, in some instances, for
usage billing.

W

WAFER See Disc Tumbler and Master Pin.

WAFER DETECTION A technique for detecting shoplifters whereby a plastic
wafer that is magnetically or sonically activated is attached to the
price tag and, if not removed by a salesperson, detected by a receiver
at the store entrance.

WALK TEST LIGHT A light on motion detectors which comes on when the
detector senses motion in the area. It is used while setting the
sensitivity of the detector and during routine checking and maintenance.

WALK UNDER The ability to defeat a volumetric or span sensor by
physically passing through a blind area directly underneath or just in
front of the unit.

WALKTEST A test of a sensor, in which an individual moves within the
sensor\'s anticipated pattern of coverage. A walktest light or output
display indicates the limits of the pattern for final adjustment of the
desired coverage.

WARD A usually stationary obstruction in a lock or cylinder which
prevents the entry and or operation of an incorrect key.

WARD CUT A modification of a key which allows it to bypass a ward.

WARDED LOCK A lock containing internal obstacles which block the
entrance or rotation of all but the correct key.

WATCHMAN An individual not necessarily uniformed or armed with a
firearm, who provides protection for a plant in the course of performing
other duties.

WATCHMAN\'S CLOCK A mechanical recording clock carried by a guard during
rounds. A specified check points, a key located at the checkpoint is
inserted into the clock to document the stop.

WATCHMAN\'S REPORTING SYSTEM A supervisory alarm system arranged for the
transmission of a patrolling watchman\'s regularly recurrent report
signals from stations along his patrol route to a central supervisory
agency.

WATCHTOUR The physical inspection of a facility by a guard. The
watchtour usually requires a given number of inspections with check
stops at specified points throughout the tour. The check stops along the
route must be verified by some documentation method. For this purpose,
watchman\'s clocks and electronic watchtour systems are used. Also
called a guard tour.

WATER DETECTOR A device that electronically or mechanically senses the
presence of water. It is used to detect leaks, broken pipes, pump
failures, and water levels. One type initiates an alarm signal when
water allows electrical current to pass between two metal probes. See
also Moisture Detector.

WATER FLOW TRANSMITTER A device that transmits a signal indicating that
water is flowing through an automatic fire sprinkler system.
Incorporates a diaphragm time delay to prevent false alarms caused by
minor water surges.

WAVEFORM MONITOR A special oscilloscope that analyzes the waveform of
video signals.

WAVELENGTH The distance between successive peaks of the electrical or
magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave.

WET CELL A rechargeable battery that has lead acid or lead calcium
grids. This classification of batteries requires a liquid electrolyte
that must be maintained within a specified level.

WET GLAZING The sealing of glass or other transparent material in a
frame by the use of a glazing compound or sealant.

WHITE LEVEL The limiting of the video picture signal to the maximum
level specified for white peaks.

WIDE ANGLE LENS A lens with a short focal length designed to show a wide
to extremely wide angle of view. Wide angle lenses can cover large
viewing areas, or the entire area of a confined space such as an
elevator. Wide angle lenses can provide better depth of field than
longer lenses given the same amount of available light.

WIDE GAP CONTACT A special type of door contact designed to work
efficiently in applications where there is a greater distance between
contact pairs than required of standard door contacts.

WIEGAND EFFECT A unique magnetic phenomena discovered by John R.
Wiegand. The effect involves the way magnetic fields in specially
prepared wire suddenly and forcibly reverse them selves when exposed to
an external magnetic field. The special wire is a magnetically unstable
ferromagnetic wire that is formed in permanently tensioned helical
twist. The magnetic reversals can be converted into distinct consistent
electrical pulses. This effect has been successfully used in access
control systems. Wiegand wire cards are relatively expensive to produce
but are difficult to duplicate.

WIEGAND WIRE CARD READER A relatively low priced card reader designed
for use with Wiegand wire cards. It comprises a magnetic sensing coil
that picks up the flux reversals characteristic of a Wiegand wire card
and converts them to binary pulses. See also Wiegand Effect.

WIGGLE KEY See Manipulation Key.

WINDOW FOIL Thin metal tape applied to windows and similar breakable
surfaces to detect intrusion or damage. The foil conducts a current and
serves as an alarm circuit. A break in the foil causes a fault
condition.

WINDOW FRAME See Frame.

WINDOW GUARD A strong metal grid‑like assembly which can be installed on
a window or other opening; types of window guards include metal bars,
metal mesh grilles, and sliding metal gates.

WIPE‑THROUGH CARD READER A card reader in which the information is
obtained by passing or \"wiping\" the card through an open slot in the
read head device. Since the card is not inserted in an enclosed cavity,
the possibility for jamming is reduced. Wipe‑through card readers were
designed for higher throughput and reduced maintenance time.

WIRE GLASS Glass manufactured with a layer of mesh approximately in the
center of the sheet.

WIRE WRAP A method of making temporary wire connections without solder.
Small gauge solid core electrical wire is stripped near the ends and
wrapped tightly around a square or flat metal pin using a special tool.

WIRELESS SECURITY SYSTEM A security system that does not use hardwire to
receive alarm data from some or all of the sensors in the system. A
radio frequency link is established between the sensor and the central
controller. By using a transmitter at the sensor end and a receiver at
the central controller, alarm data may be sent just a few feet or
several miles depending on the type of rf link used. Control outputs are
also possible with some wireless systems.

WIRETAPPING, ACTIVE The attaching of an unauthorized device, such as a
computer terminal, to a communications circuit for the purpose of
obtaining access to data through the generation of false messages or
control signals, or by altering the communication of legitimate users;

WIRETAPPING PASSIVE The monitoring and/or recording of data while the
data is being transmitted over a communications link.

X

X Symbol used in hardware schedules to indicate a cross keyed condition
for a particular cylinder; e.g., XAA2 X1X (but not AX7).

X‑BAND An RF communications band in the 5,200 to 11,000 MHz range.
X‑band radio waves have a wavelength of 2.57 to 5.77 centimeters.

X‑RAYS Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths than light or
ultraviolet rays. They can pass through many materials which are opaque
to light rays.

X‑RAY SYSTEM A device or system that inspects the contents of a package
or container for concealed explosives or contraband. Applications
include airport security, postal inspection, explosives detection, and
customs.

XENON A gas used in some modern high intensity lamps and flash tubes.

Y

Y SIGNAL In color television, the signal that contains the fine detail
and brightness information. The signal comprises 0.30 parts red, 0.59
parts green, and 0.11 parts blue. The Y signal produces a black and
white image on a monochrome video display unit.

Z

ZERO BITTED Of or pertaining to a cylinder which is or is to be
combinated to keys cut to the manufacturer\'s reference number \"0\"
bitting.

ZERO CROSSOVER POINT In ac power circuits, the point at which the
positive (or negative) voltage swing drops to zero before rising to its
reversed value.

ZINC CHLORIDE BATTERY A heavy duty battery for use in electronics.
Similar to a carbon zinc battery, except that ammonium chloride is not
used, and a high grade of manganese dioxide is utilized. These batteries
have a longer life than standard carbon zinc batteries.

ZONE 1. A specified area of protection. A zone often means a space
having one or more sensors. 2. A single secure point, as an input to an
alarm device or as displayed on an annunciator. It is usually assigned a
unique number or identifier.

ZONE, CLEAR Cleared area around an electromagnetic or capacitance fence.
Its purpose is to minimize nuisance alarms caused by falling limbs,
blowing rubbish, small animals, etc.

ZONE EXPANDER A device that allows more than one (usually two or four)
individual zones to be monitored over a single pair of wires. The device
is armed and powered form a main controller. Individual zones are either
active or, if unused, placed out of service.

ZONED CIRCUIT A circuit which provides continual protection for parts or
zones of the protected area while normally used doors and windows or
zones may be released for access.

ZONES Smaller subdivisions into which large areas are divided to permit
selective access to some zones while maintaining other zones secure and
to permit pinpointing the specific location from which an alarm signal
is transmitted.

ZOOM LENS An optical system in which the focal length or magnification
is changed by the axial movement of one or more lens components while
maintaining focus on a given object. It gives the effect of moving the
camera to or from the subject.

ZOOM RATIO The ratio between the longest and shortest focal length of a
single lens. For example, a 35 to 105 mm zoom lens would have a 3:1 zoom
ratio.

3\. Symbols.

4\. Notes.

Preparing activity

GSA ‑ FSS