**Marine Boundary Delimitation**

**Relevant Publications**

Anderson, D. 2001. [Maritime boundaries and limits: some basic legal
principles](http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/ablos/ABLOS01Folder/ANDERSON.PDF).
2001 ABLOS Conference:

Accuracies and Uncertainties in Maritime Boundaries and Outer Limits.
International Hydrographic Bureau,

Principality of Monaco, 18-19 October.

Ball, W.E., 1999a. [Three-dimensional coastline projection computational
techniques for determining the locations of offshore
boundaries](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/MMS99-0044.PDF).
United States Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service
(OCS Report MMS 99-0044).

Ball, W.E., 1999b. [Three-dimensional equidistant line computational
techniques for determining the locations of offshore
boundaries](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/MMS99-0045.pdf).
United States Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service
(OCS Report MMS 99-0045).

Beazley, P. B. 1987. Maritime limits and baselines: A guide to their
delimitation. Special Publication No. 2, The

Hydrographic Society, London.

Beazley, P. B. 1971[. Territorial sea
baselines](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/Beazley.pdf).
International Hydrographic Review 48: 143-154.

Blake, G. 1987. Maritime boundaries and ocean resources. Beckenham;
London: Croom Helm.

Boggs, S.W. 1930. [**Delimitation of the territorial sea: the method of
delimitation proposed by the delegation of the United States at the
Hague Conference for the Codification of International
Law**](http://www.asil.org/ajil/v24541.pdf). American Journal of
International Law 24: 541-545.

Brisco, J. 1983. [The Use of Tidal Datums in the
Law](http://unicorn.csc.noaa.gov/docs/shoreline/8d588e.pdf). Surveying
and Mapping 43(2). American Society of Surveying and Mapping.

Brown, C. T., Robillard, W. G. and Wilson, D. A. 1995. Brown\'s Boundary
Control and Legal Principles, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New
York. ISBN 0-471-04312-5. 410 p.

Brown, C. T., Robillard, W. G. and Wilson, D. A. 1994. Evidence and
Procedures for Boundary Location, 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New
York. ISBN 0-471-55219-4. 512 p.

Butler, M. J. A., LeBlanc, C., Belbin, J. A., and MacNeill, J. A. 1986.
[Marine resource mapping: an
introductory](http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0390e/t0390e00.htm)

[manual](http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0390e/t0390e00.htm). FAO
Fisheries Technical Paper 274. 256 p.

Charney, J. I., and Alexander, L. M. (eds.). 1993. International
maritime boundaries. Dordrecht; Boston: M. Nijhoff.

Christensen, A. H. J. 1998a. A global method for the delineation of
maritime boundaries. The Hydrographic Journal 89: 3-6. Article can be
purchased at
[**http://www.hydrographicsociety.org/**](http://www.hydrographicsociety.org/)

Christensen, A. H. J. 1998b. [Delimitation of sea boundaries by a fully
automated
procedure](http://www.ddl.org/figtree/events/fig_2002/fig_2002_abs/Js12/JS12_christensen_abs.pdf).
Proceedings of the

International Symposium on Marine Positioning, Melbourne, Florida, pp.
276-290.

Cimino, L. P. and Palmer, H. 2001. [Management of Global Maritime Limits
and Boundaries Using Geographical Information
Systems](http://www.veridian.com/offerings/suboffering.asp?offeringID=533&historyIDs=0,536,538&leftNavID=21).
Veridian: Chantilly, Virginia, USA. Appeared in Spring, 2000 issue of
Integrated Coastal Zone Management.

Cockburn S., Nichols, S. E. and Monahan, D. 2001. [Intertwined
uncertainties: Policy and technology on the juridical continental shelf.
Presented at the International Conference on Accuracies and
Uncertainties in Maritime Boundaries and Outer
Limits](http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/ablos/ABLOS01Folder/COCKBURN.PDF).
International Hydrographic Bureau, Monaco, France, October 18-19.

Cole, George M. 1997. Water Boundaries. Wiley-Interscience.

Collier, P. A., Leahy, F. J. and Williamson, I. P. 2001. [Defining a
marine cadastre for
Australia](http://www.isaust.org.au/innovation/2001-Spatial_Odyssey/pdf/collier_leahy_williamson.pdf).
A Spatial Odyssey:

42nd Australian Surveyors Congress, Brisbane, 25 - 28 September.

Collier, P. A., Murphy, B. A., Mitchell, D. J. and F. J. Leahy. 2000.
[The automated delimitation of maritime
boundaries](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/collier.pdf)

[- an Australian
perspective](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/collier.pdf).
Marine Geodesy, April.

Cook, P. J. and Carleton, C. M. eds. 2001. Continental shelf limits: The
scientific and legal interface. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cortney, J.P. III and Graham, A. E. 1994. Tide Waters and Navigable
Waters - Determination, Boundaries and Effects upon Title. The Cambridge
Institute.

Cravat, H. R. and Brewer, R. K. 1972. [Baseline Establishment for
Positioning Federal State Offshore
Boundaries](http://unicorn.csc.noaa.gov/docs/shoreline/8d588c.pdf).
Proceedings of 4th Annual Offshore Technological Conference. Marine
Technology Society.

Dallmeyer, D. G., and De Vorsey, L. 1989. Rights to oceanic resources :
Deciding and drawing maritime boundaries.

Dordrecht; Boston: Norwell, MA: M. Nijhoff.

Fowler, C. and Treml, E. 2001. Building a marine cadastral information
system for the United States -- a case study.

International Journal on Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 25:
493-507.

Gent, R. 2001. [The use of GIS in the Law of the
Sea](http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/ablos/ABLOS01Folder/GENT.PDF).. 2001
ABLOS Conference: Accuracies and Uncertainties in

Maritime Boundaries and Outer Limits. International Hydrographic Bureau,
Principality of Monaco, 18-19 October.

Gillespie, R. 2001. Marine Geospatial Data Infrastructure. Sea
Technology 42(10): 43-47.

Grant, D. 1999. [Principles for a seabed
cadastre](http://www.sli.unimelb.edu.au/maritime/publications/grant1999.pdf).
The Coastal Cadastre -- Onland, Offshore -- Proceedings of the New
Zealand Institute of Surveyors Conference (FIG Commission VII
Conference), Bay of Islands, New Zealand, October 9-15, pp. 15-22.

Greku, R. and Greku, D. 2001. [Determination of the continental margin
outer edge by the satellite altimeter data
and](http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/ablos/ABLOS01Folder/GREKU.PDF)

[the geoid gravity
model](http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/ablos/ABLOS01Folder/GREKU.PDF). 2001
ABLOS Conference: Accuracies and Uncertainties in Maritime Boundaries
and Outer

Limits. International Hydrographic Bureau, Principality of Monaco, 18-19
October.

Harrington, C. E. 1993. Maritime Boundaries on Ocean Service Nautical
Charts. Cartographic Perspectives, Bulletin of the North American
Cartographic Society 14: Winter 1993.

Harrison, R.J. 1979. Jurisdiction over the Canadian offshore: A sea of
confusion. Osgoode Hall Law Journal 17: 469.

Hicks, S. D. 1985. [Tidal Datums and Their Uses - A
Summary](http://unicorn.csc.noaa.gov/docs/shoreline/8d5888.pdf). Shore
and Beach, January 1985.

Hicks, S. D. 1980. The National Tidal Datum Convention of 1980. U.S.
Department of Commerce, National Ocean Survey.

Hirst, B. and Robertson, D. 2001. [Law of the Sea Boundaries in a marine
cadastre](http://www.isaust.org.au/innovation/2001-Spatial_Odyssey/pdf/hirst.pdf).
A Spatial Odyssey: 42nd

Australian Surveyors Congress, Brisbane, 25 - 28 September.

Hirst, W., Murphy, B. and Collier, P. A. 1999. [An overview of
Australian zone boundary
definition](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/Hirst_Murphy_Collier.pdf).
International

Conference on Technical Aspects of Maritime Boundary Delineation and
Delimitation. International Hydrographic

Bureau, Monaco, 8-10 September, 1999. pp. 191-

Hoogsteden, C.C., and Robertson, W. A. 1998. [On land - off shore:
Strategic issues in building a seamless cadastre
for](http://www.sli.unimelb.edu.au/fig7/Brighton98/Comm7Papers/TS3-Hoogsteden.html)

[New
Zealand](http://www.sli.unimelb.edu.au/fig7/Brighton98/Comm7Papers/TS3-Hoogsteden.html).
XXI International Congress Proceedings: Developing the Profession in a
Developing World,

International Federation of Surveyors, Commission 7, Cadastre and Land
Management, p. 32-48, Brighton.

Hughes-Clarke, J., Nichols, S., and Sutherland, M. 2000. The Musquash
Estuary -- A case study in marine boundary

delimitation. Presentation to the Atlantic Coastal Zone Information
Steering Committee, Fredericton, Sept.

Available through ACZIS.

Hulin, A.C., Fowler, C., and Tartt, M. 2001. [The Creation of Digital
Representations of National Marine Sanctuary
Boundaries](http://gis.esri.com/library/userconf/proc01/professional/papers/pap978/p978.htm).
21st Annual ESRI International User Conference, July 9-13, 2001.

International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU).
[Borderlines](http://www-ibru.dur.ac.uk/borderlines/index.html).
Newsletter of the International Boundaries Research Unit at the
University of Durham. Published annually.

International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU). [Boundary and Security
Briefings](http://www-ibru.dur.ac.uk/pubs/bsb.html). Published by the
International Boundaries Research Unit at the University of Durham.

International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU). [Boundary and Territory
Briefings](http://www-ibru.dur.ac.uk/pubs/btb.html). Published by the
International Boundaries Research Unit at the University of Durham.

International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU). [Maritime
Briefings](http://www-ibru.dur.ac.uk/pubs/mb.html). Published by the
International Boundaries Research Unit at the University of Durham.

Kapoor, D. C. and Kerr, A. J. 1986. A guide to maritime boundary
delimitation.Toronto: Carswell.

Kittichaisaree, K. 1987. The law of the sea and maritime boundary
delimitation in South-East Asia. Singapore; New

York: Oxford University Press.

# Langeraar, W. 1986. [**Maritime Delimitation-The Equiratio Method**](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/Langeraar.pdf). Marine Policy 10: 3

Leahy, F. J., Collier, P. A., and Murphy, B. 1996a. Computational
package for the definition of maritime boundaries. 37th Australian
Surveyors Congress - Beyond the Telescope. Perth, 13-18 April,
pp.223-230.

Leahy, F.J., Collier, P. A., and Murphy, B. 1996b. [Algorithms for the
intersection of complex maritime
boundarie](http://www.sli.unimelb.edu.au/maritime/publications/Leahy et al (1996).pdf)s.
Second International Conference on Geodetic Aspects of the Law of the
Sea (GALOS). Denpasar, Bali, 1-4 July, pp.103-116.

Leahy, F. J., Murphy, B. A., Collier, P. A., and Mitchell, D. J. 2001.
[Uncertainty issues in the geodetic delimitation of maritime
boundaries](http://www.geom.unimelb.edu.au/maritime/publications/geodetic delimitation.pdf).
2001 ABLOS Conference: Accuracies and uncertainties in maritime
boundaries and outer limits: International Hydrographic Bureau,
Principality of Monaco, 18-19 October.

Maloney, F. E. 1978. [The Ordinary High Water Mark The High Water Mark.
Attempts at Setting an Unsettled Boundary
Line](http://unicorn.csc.noaa.gov/docs/shoreline/8d5889.pdf). Law and
Water Law Review, University of Wyoming, 13(2).

Maloney, F. E. and Ausness, R. 1974. [The Use and Legal Significance of
the Mean High Water Line in
Coastal](http://unicorn.csc.noaa.gov/docs/shoreline/8d5878.pdf) Boundary
Mapping. North Carolina Law Review 53(2).

Marmer, H. A. 1951. [Tidal Datum
Planes](http://unicorn.csc.noaa.gov/docs/shoreline/8d5887.pdf). Special
Pub. No. 135, USC&GS, DOC, Revised 1951.

Mitchell, D.J., Collier, P.A., Leahy, F.J. and Murphy, B.A. 2001. [The
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Delimitation of
Australia\'s Maritime
Boundaries](http://www.sli.unimelb.edu.au/maritime/publications/Mitchell et al (2001).pdf).
The Trans Tasman Surveyor, December 2001, No.4: 50-57.

Monahan, D. 2000. [Zones in the sea: From shoreline to shelf
edge](http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/ablos/MONAHAN.PDF). A workshop on
Article 76 of the United Nations

Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Proceedings Coastal Zone Canada
Assoc., 4th International

Conference.

Monahan, D. and Wells, D. E. 2001. [Deep water challenges to hydrography
stimulated by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
(UNCLOS)](http://www.thsoa.org/pdf/h01/12_1.pdf). Hydro2001, Norfolk,
Virginia, 22-24 May.

Monahan D., Sutherland, M. et al. 2001. The contribution of digital
boundary information to good governance for improved decision-making.
Proceedings of the Digital Earth 2001 conference, Fredericton, New
Brunswick, June 24-28, CD-ROM.

Monahan, D., Ng'ang'a, S., Nichols, S., and van de Poll, R. 2001.
[Assessing the impact of uncertainties in the locations of "baselines
from which the breadth of the Territorial Sea is measured" on the outer
limit of the juridical Continental
Shelf](http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/ablos/ABLOS01Folder/MONAHAN.PDF).
2001 ABLOS Conference: Accuracies and Uncertainties in Maritime
Boundaries and Outer Limits. International Hydrographic Bureau,
Principality of Monaco, 18-19 October.

Murphy, B.A., Collier, P. A., Mitchell, D. J. and Hirst, B. 1999.
[Maritime zone boundary generation from
straight](http://www.sli.unimelb.edu.au/maritime/publications/Murphy et al (1999).pdf)

[baselines defined as
geodesics](http://www.sli.unimelb.edu.au/maritime/publications/Murphy et al (1999).pdf).
Proceedings of the International Conference on Technical Aspects of
Maritime

Boundary Delineation and Delimitation (including UNCLOS Article 76
issues). International Hydrographic Bureau,

Monaco, 8-9 September, pp. 133-141.

Neely, R., Treml, E., LaVoi, T. and Fowler, C. 1998. [Facilitating
Integrated Regional Ocean Management Using a Web-Based Geographic
Information System](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/opis/html/occ_98.htm). NOAA
Coastal Services Center.

Ng\'ang\'a, S., Nichols, S., Sutherland, M. and Cockburn, S. 2001.
[Toward a multidimensional marine cadastre in support of good ocean
governance: New spatial information management tools and their role in
natural resource
management](http://www.ddl.org/figtree/pub/proceedings/nairobi/nganga-nichols-sutherland-cockburn-TS12-3.pdf).
Proceedings of the FIG International Conference on Spatial Information
for Sustainable Development, Nairobi, Kenya, September 2-5.

Ng\'ang\'a S., Sutherland, M., and Nichols, S. 2002. [Determining user
needs in a marine
cadastre](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/CHS_paper.doc).
Published in the proceedings of the Canadian Hydrographic Conference,
Toronto, May 2002, CD-ROM.

Ng\'ang\'a, S. M., M. Sutherland, and Nichols, S. 2002. Evolving
Terminology: From Managing Property Rights in Marine Space to the Marine
Cadastre. Hydro International 6(9): 44-47.

Nichols, S. 1989. Coastal boundaries. Chapter 5 in CISM, Survey Law in
Canada*,* Toronto: Carswell.

Nichols, S. 1987. [**Tidal boundary delimitation: some North American
perspectives**](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/Nichols.pdf).
New Zealand Surveyor 31: 560-571.

Nichols, S. 1983. Tidal boundary delimitation. Technical Report #103,
Department of Surveying Engineering, U.N.B.,

Fredericton, N.B., 202 pp.; distribution copy of M.Eng Report.

Nichols, S. and McLaughlin, J. 1984. [Tide mark or tidal datum: the need
for an interdisciplinary approach to tidal boundary
delimitation](http://www.csc.noaa.gov/mbwg/htm/outreach/Nichols_McLaughlin.pdf).
Canadian Surveyor 52(3): 193-208.

Nichols, S., and Monahan, D. 2000. [The contribution of hydrographic
charting to the resolution and portrayal
of](http://www.omg.unb.ca/omg/papers/NICHOLSS.PDF)

[offshore property and jurisdictional
boundaries](http://www.omg.unb.ca/omg/papers/NICHOLSS.PDF). Proceedings
of the Canadian Hydrographic Conference, Montreal,

Quebec, 15-19 May, 2000, CD-ROM.

Nichols, S. and Monahan, D. 1999. [Fuzzy boundaries in a sea of
uncertainty: Canada's offshore
boundaries](http://www.unbf.ca/eng/GGE/Research/OceanGov/documents/fuzzy_boundaries99.pdf).
In The

Coastal Cadastre -Onland, Offshore - Proceedings of the New Zealand
Institute of Surveyors Annual Meeting, Bay of

Islands, NZ, 9-15 October, pp. 33-43.

Nichols, S., D. Monahan and M. D. Sutherland. 2000. [Good governance of
Canada\'s offshore and coastal
zone:](http://www.unbf.ca/eng/GGE/Research/OceanGov/documents/geomatica.pdf)

[Towards an understanding of the maritime boundary
issues](http://www.unbf.ca/eng/GGE/Research/OceanGov/documents/geomatica.pdf).
Geomatica 54(4): 415-424.

Nichols, S., Sutherland, M. D., Coleman, D. and Hughes-Clarke, J. 2001.
[Defining the boundary component
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[Canada\'s Geospatial Data Infrastructure
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problems associated with the submerged lands cases and the submerged
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technologies might affect the good governance of coastal and marine
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Sutherland, M., S. Ng\'ang\'a and S. Nichols (2002). [In search of New
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Published in the proceedings of the CIG-ISPRS Joint Symposium on
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