+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| # DIVISION 300                                                        |
|                                                                       |
| **AGGREGATE COURSES**                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

## Section 301. --- UNTREATED AGGREGATE COURSES

Description

**301.01** This work consists of constructing one or more courses of
aggregate on a prepared surface.

Subbase and base aggregate grading is designated as shown in Table
703-2.

Material

**301.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Aggregate 703.05

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**301.03 General.** Prepare the surface on which the aggregate course is
placed according to Section 204 or 303 as applicable.

After a representative quantity of aggregate is produced, submit
proposed target values for the appropriate sieve sizes along with a
representative 150-kilogram sample at least 14 days before incorporating
the aggregate into the work.

Set target values within the gradation ranges shown in Table 703-2 or
703-3 for the required grading.

**301.04 Mixing and Spreading.** Determine the optimum moisture content
according to AASHTO T 180, method D. Mix the aggregate and adjust the
moisture content to obtain a uniform mixture with a moisture content
within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content. Spread and shape the
mixture on the prepared surface in a uniform layer.

Do not place the mixture in a layer exceeding 150 millimeters in
compacted thickness. When more than one layer is necessary, compact each
layer according to Subsection 301.05 before placing the next layer.
Route hauling equipment uniformly over the full width of the surface to
minimize rutting or uneven compaction.

**301.05 Compacting.** Determine the maximum density of the mixture
according to AASHTO T 180, method D.

Compact each layer full width. Roll from the sides to the center,
parallel to the centerline of the road. Along curbs, headers, walls, and
all places not accessible to the roller, compact the material with
approved tampers or compactors.

Compact each layer to at least 95 percent of maximum density. Determine
the inplace density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or
other approved test procedures.

**301.06 Surface Tolerance.** If grade finishing stakes are required,
finish the surface to within ±10 millimeters from staked line and grade
elevation.

If grade finishing stakes are not required, shape the surface to the
required template and check the surface with a 3-meter straightedge.
Defective areas are surface deviations in excess of 15 millimeters in 3
meters between any two contacts of the straightedge with the surface.

Correct all defective areas by loosening the material, adding or
removing material, reshaping, and compacting.

**301.07 Maintenance.** Maintain the aggregate course to the correct
line, grade, and cross‑section by blading, watering, rolling, or any
combination thereof until placement of the next course. Correct all
defects according to Subsection 301.06.

**301.08 Acceptance.** See Table 301-1 for sampling and testing
requirements and the acceptance quality characteristic category.

Aggregate gradation and surface course plasticity index will be
evaluated under Subsection 106.05. Other aggregate quality properties
will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

**(a) Aggregate gradation.** The upper and lower specification limits
are equal to the calculated mean of all test results plus or minus the
allowable deviations shown in Tables 703-2 and 703-3, except as follows:

**(1)** If the calculated mean value for any tested sieve exceeds the
maximum gradation value shown in Table 703-2 or 703-3, the upper
specification is equal to the maximum gradation value plus the allowable
deviation, and the lower specification is equal to the maximum gradation
value minus the allowable deviation.

**(2)** If the calculated mean value for any tested sieve is less than
the minimum gradation value shown in Table 703-2 or 703-3, the upper
specification is equal to the minimum gradation value plus the allowable
deviation and the lower specification is equal to the minimum gradation
value minus the allowable deviation.

**(b) Plasticity index.** The upper and lower specification limits for
surface courses are shown in Table 703-3.

Construction of untreated aggregate courses will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Preparation of the surface on which the aggregate course is placed will
be evaluated under Section 204 or 303 as applicable.

Measurement

**301.09** Measure the Section 301 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure aggregate by the cubic meter in the hauling vehicle.

Measure square meter width horizontally to include the top of aggregate
width including designed widenings. Measure the square meter length
horizontally along the centerline of the roadway.

Payment

**301.10** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement adjusted according to Subsection 106.05 for the
Section 301 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full
compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection
109.05.

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><p>Table 301-1</p>
<p>Sampling and Testing Requirements</p></td>
<td><strong>Reporting Time</strong></td>
<td><p>Before using</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td colspan="4">4 hours</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Split</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sample</strong></p></td>
<td>Yes, when requested</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td colspan="4">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Point of Sampling</strong></td>
<td><p>Source of</p>
<p>material</p></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td colspan="4">From windrow or road bed after processing</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Sampling</strong></p>
<p><strong>Frequency</strong></p></td>
<td><p>1 per type &amp;</p>
<p>source of material</p></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td colspan="4">1 per 1000 t</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Test Methods Specifications</strong></td>
<td>AASHTO T 96</td>
<td>AASHTO T 104</td>
<td>AASHTO T 210</td>
<td>ASTM D 5821</td>
<td colspan="4"><p>AASHTO T 27</p>
<p>&amp; T 11</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Category</strong></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>II</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Characteristic</strong></td>
<td>LA abrasion (coarse)</td>
<td>Sodium sulfate soundness loss (coarse &amp; fine)</td>
<td>Durability index (coarse &amp; fine)</td>
<td>Fractured faces</td>
<td>Gradation</td>
<td>4.75 mm</td>
<td>75 μm</td>
<td>Other specified sieves</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type of Acceptance (Subsection)</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance</p>
<p>(106.04&amp; 105)</p></td>
<td colspan="4"><p>Statistical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Material or Product</strong></td>
<td colspan="4"><p>Aggregate source quality</p>
<p>703.05(a)</p></td>
<td colspan="4">Subbase courses grading A &amp; B</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><p>Table 301-1 (continued)</p>
<p>Sampling and Testing Requirements</p></td>
<td><strong>Reporting Time</strong></td>
<td colspan="5">4 hours</td>
<td colspan="2">4 hours</td>
<td>Before placing next layer</td>
<td rowspan="9">(1) Minimum of 5 points per proctor.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Split</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sample</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="5">Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Point of Sampling</strong></td>
<td colspan="5"><p>From windrow</p>
<p>or roadbed after processing</p></td>
<td><p>From windrow</p>
<p>or roadbed after processing</p></td>
<td>Material source before using</td>
<td>In-place</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Sampling</strong></p>
<p><strong>Frequency</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="5">1 per 1000 t</td>
<td>1 per 1000 t</td>
<td><p>1 per type &amp; source</p>
<p>of material</p></td>
<td>1 per 500 t</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Test Methods Specifications</strong></td>
<td colspan="5"><p>AASHTO T 27</p>
<p>&amp; T 11</p></td>
<td>AASHTO T 89</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 180,</p>
<p>method D <sup>(1)</sup></p></td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 310 or</p>
<p>other approved procedures</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Category</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>II</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Characteristic</strong></td>
<td>Gradation</td>
<td>9.5 mm</td>
<td>4.75 mm</td>
<td>75 μm</td>
<td>Other specified sieves</td>
<td>Liquid limit</td>
<td><p>Moisture-</p>
<p>density</p>
<p>(max. density)</p></td>
<td>Compaction</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type of Acceptance (Subsection)</strong></td>
<td colspan="5"><p>Statistical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Material or Product</strong></td>
<td colspan="5"><p>Base course</p>
<p>grading C, D, &amp; E</p></td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Subbase &amp;</p>
<p>base course</p>
<p>grading A, B, C,</p>
<p>D &amp; E</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table style="width:100%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><p>Table 301-1 (continued)</p>
<p>Sampling and Testing Requirements</p></td>
<td><p><strong>Reporting</strong></p>
<p><strong>Time</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="5">4 hours</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td><p>Before using</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td><p>Before placing</p>
<p>next layer</p></td>
<td><p>Before using</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td rowspan="9">(1) Minimum of 5 points per proctor.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Split</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sample</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="5">Yes</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Point of Sampling</strong></td>
<td colspan="5"><p>From windrow</p>
<p>or roadbed after processing</p></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td><p>Source of</p>
<p>material</p></td>
<td>In-place</td>
<td><p>From windrow</p>
<p>on roadbed after processing</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Sampling</strong></p>
<p><strong>Frequency</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="5">1 per 1000 t</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td><p>1 per type &amp; source</p>
<p>of material</p></td>
<td>1 per 500 t</td>
<td>1 per 1000 t</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Test Methods Specifications</strong></td>
<td colspan="5"><p>AASHTO T 27</p>
<p>&amp; T 11</p></td>
<td>AASHTO T 89</td>
<td>AASHTO T 90</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 180,</p>
<p>method D <sup>(1)</sup></p></td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 310 or</p>
<p>other approved procedures</p></td>
<td>ASTM D5821</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Category</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>II</td>
<td>II</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Characteristic</strong></td>
<td>Gradation</td>
<td>4.75 mm</td>
<td>425 μm</td>
<td>75 μm</td>
<td>Other specified sieves</td>
<td>Liquid limit</td>
<td>Plasticity index</td>
<td><p>Moisture-</p>
<p>density</p>
<p>(max. density)</p></td>
<td>Density</td>
<td>Fractured faces</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type of Acceptance (Subsection)</strong></td>
<td colspan="7"><p>Statistical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Material or Product</strong></td>
<td colspan="10"><blockquote>
<p>Surface course aggregate</p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

## Section 302. --- TREATED AGGREGATE COURSES

Description

**302.01** This work consists of constructing one or more courses of an
aggregate and cement mixture or an aggregate, fly ash, lime, and cement
(AFLC) mixture on a prepared roadbed.

Treated aggregate courses are designated as cement or AFLC.

Aggregate grading is designated as shown in Table 703-2.

Material

**302.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Aggregate 703.05

Blotter 703.13

Chemical admixture (set-retarding) 711.03

Emulsified asphalt 702.03

Fly ash 725.04

Hydraulic cement 701.01

Lime 725.03

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**302.03 Proportioning.** Submit a treated aggregate course mix design
30 days before production.

Provide a minimum average compressive strength of 3.45 megapascals with
no single test lower than 2.75 megapascals. Mold, cure, and test samples
of the AFLC mixture according to ASTM C 593, parts 10 and 11 except
revise the curing period from 7 to 28 days at 38±2 ºC.

For aggregate and cement mixtures, meet the design parameters in Table
302-1.

**Table 302-1**

Range of Aggregate/Cement

Mix Design Parameters

  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
  **Material**                                 **Percent^(1)^**

  Aggregate                                    90 - 96

  Hydraulic cement                             4 - 10
  -------------------------------------------- --------------------------

> \(1\) By mass of total dry mix.

For AFLC mixtures, meet the design parameters in Table 302-2.

Table 302-2

Range of AFLC Mix Design Parameters

  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
  **Material**                                    **Percent^(1)^**

  Aggregate                                       75 - 92

  Fly ash                                         6 - 20

  Lime and hydraulic cement                       2 - 5
  ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------

> \(1\) By mass of total dry mix.

Include the following with the mix design, as applicable:

**(a)** Source of each component material;

**(b)** Results of the applicable tests;

**(c)** Target values for each aggregate sieve size specified as
applicable;

**(d)** 90-kilogram sample of aggregate;

**(e)** 25-kilogram sample of fly ash;

**(f)** 10-kilogram sample of lime;

**(g)** 10-kilogram sample of hydraulic cement; and

**(h)** 2-kilogram sample of the retarder or other admixtures.

Begin production only after the mix design is approved. Furnish a new
mix design if there is a change in a material source.

**302.04 General.** Store chemical additives and admixtures in closed,
weatherproof containers. Prepare the surface on which the treated
aggregate course is placed according to Section 204 or 303 as
applicable. Determine the optimum moisture content according to AASHTO T
180, method D.

**302.05 Mixing.** Do not begin mixing operations when the atmospheric
temperature is expected to fall below 4 ºC within 48 hours. Do not place
a treated aggregate course when the underlying surface is frozen, muddy,
or when it is raining or snowing.

Mix the components with suitable equipment until a uniform mixture is
obtained. During mixing, add sufficient water to obtain the optimum
moisture content for compaction plus 2 percent.

Equip the mixer with batching or metering devices for proportioning the
components either by mass or volume. Maintain the accuracy of the
amounts of aggregate, chemical additives, and water (based on total dry
mass) within the following tolerances:

Aggregate ±2.0% by mass

Fly ash ±1.5% by mass

Lime or cement ±0.5% by mass

Retarder or other additive ±2.0% by mass

Water ±2.0% by mass

A retarder may be used to slow initial set for a maximum of 2 hours.
Dissolve retarder in water, and uniformly add the solution to the
mixture.

When a central plant is used, transport the mixture in vehicles that
maintain moisture content and prevent segregation and loss of the fine
material.

**302.06 Placing, Compacting, and Finishing.** Place, compact, and
finish the treated aggregate course according to Subsections 301.04,
301.05, and 301.06. Maintain the moisture content (±2 percent of
optimum) during placing and finishing.

Do not leave any treated aggregate that has not been compacted
undisturbed for more than 30 minutes. Complete the compaction and
finishing within 1 hour (longer with a retarder) from the time water is
added to the mixture. Make the compacted surface smooth, dense, and free
of compaction planes, ridges, or loose material.

If the time between placing adjacent partial widths exceeds 30 minutes,
provide a construction joint.

**302.07 Construction Joints.** For lime and fly ash mixtures, tie each
day\'s operation into the completed work of the previous day by remixing
approximately 0.5 meters of the completed course before processing
additional sections. Add 50 percent of the original amount of lime or
fly ash to the remixed material.

For cement mixtures or when a lime or fly ash mixture remains
undisturbed for more than 24 hours, make a transverse construction joint
by cutting back into the completed work to form an approximately
vertical face.

**302.08 Curing.** Do not allow traffic on the treated aggregate course.
Keep the completed layer or course continuously moist until the next
layer or course is placed. Apply water under pressure through a spray
bar equipped with nozzles producing a fine, uniform spray. Place and
compact the next layer or course within 7 days after compacting and
finishing the treated aggregate course.

Placement of the next course may be deferred up to 21 days by sealing
the surface with rapid setting emulsified asphalt. Do not seal
intermediate layers of a course. Keep surface continuously moist for at
least 7 days after compacting and finishing. After the 7 days, apply
undiluted CRS-2 or RS-2 emulsified asphalt at a rate of 1.1 liters per
square meter according to Section 409. Provide a continuous film over
the surface. If the surface is opened to public traffic, furnish and
apply blotter according to Section 411.

If the treated aggregate course looses stability, density, or finish
before placement of the next course or acceptance of the work,
reprocess, recompact, and add additives as necessary to restore the
strength of the damaged material. Reapply the emulsified asphalt seal
where the continuous film is damaged.

**302.09 Acceptance.** See Table 302-3 for sampling and testing
requirements and the acceptance quality characteristic category.

Fly ash, lime, cement, and chemical admixtures will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.03. Emulsified asphalt will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.03 and 702.09.

**(a) Aggregate gradation.** The upper and lower specification limits
are equal to the calculated mean of all test results plus or minus the
allowable deviations shown in Tables 703-2 and 703-3, except as follows:

**(1)** If the calculated mean value for any tested sieve exceeds the
maximum gradation value shown in Table 703-2 or 703-3, the upper
specification is equal to the maximum gradation value plus the allowable
deviation, and the lower specification is equal to the maximum gradation
value minus the allowable deviation.

**(2)** If the calculated mean value for any tested sieve is less than
the minimum gradation value shown in Table 703-2 or 703-3, the upper
specification is equal to the minimum gradation value plus the allowable
deviation and the lower specification is equal to the minimum gradation
value minus the allowable deviation.

Construction of treated aggregate courses will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Preparation of the surface on which the treated aggregate course is
placed will be evaluated under Section 204 or 303 as applicable.

Emulsified asphalt seal will be evaluated under Section 409.

Blotter will be evaluated under Section 411.

Measurement

**302.10** Measure the Section 302 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure the square meter width horizontally to include the top of
aggregate width including designed widenings. Measure the square meter
length horizontally along the centerline of the roadway.

Measure emulsified asphalt under Section 409.

Measure blotter under Section 411.

Payment

**302.11** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement adjusted according to Subsection 106.05 for the
Section 302 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full
compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection
109.05.

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 15%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><blockquote>
<p><strong>Table 302-3</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sampling and Testing Requirements</strong></p>
</blockquote></td>
<td><p><strong>Reporting</strong></p>
<p><strong>Time</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="6">4 hours</td>
<td><p>Before using</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td>Before placing next layer</td>
<td rowspan="9">(1) Minimum of 5 points per proctor.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Split</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sample</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="5">Yes, when requested</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>Yes, when requested</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><strong>Point of</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sampling</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="5">From windrow or roadbed after processing</td>
<td>“</td>
<td><p>Processed</p>
<p>material before incorporating</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td>In-place</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Sampling</strong></p>
<p><strong>Frequency</strong></p></td>
<td colspan="5">1 per 1000 t</td>
<td>1 per 3000 t</td>
<td><p>1 per aggregate</p>
<p>grading produced</p></td>
<td>1 per 500 t</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Test Methods Specifications</strong></td>
<td colspan="5"><p>AASHTO T 27</p>
<p>&amp; T 11</p></td>
<td>AASHTO 89</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 180,</p>
<p>method D <sup>(1)</sup></p></td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 310 or</p>
<p>other approved procedures</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Category</strong></td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>II</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Characteristic</strong></td>
<td>Gradation <sup>(1)</sup></td>
<td>9.5 mm</td>
<td>4.75 mm</td>
<td>75 μm</td>
<td>Other specified sieves</td>
<td>Liquid limit</td>
<td><p>Moisture-</p>
<p>density</p></td>
<td>Compaction</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type of Acceptance (Subsection)</strong></td>
<td colspan="6"><p>Statisical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Material or Product</strong></td>
<td colspan="6"><p>Aggregate</p>
<p>(703.05)</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>Mixture</p>
<p>(302)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

## Section 303. --- ROAD RECONDITIONING

Description

**303.01** This work consists of reconditioning ditches, shoulders,
roadbeds, and aggregate surfaces.

Material

**303.02** Conform to the following Subsection:

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**303.03 Ditch Reconditioning.** Remove all slide material, sediment,
vegetation, and other debris from the existing ditches and culvert
inlets and outlets. Reshape ditches and culvert inlets and outlets to
achieve positive drainage and a uniform ditch width, depth, and grade.
Dispose of waste according to Subsection 204.14.

**303.04 Shoulder Reconditioning.** Repair soft and unstable areas
according to Subsection 204.07. Remove all slide material, vegetation,
and other debris from existing shoulders including shoulders of parking
areas, turnouts, and other widened areas. Reshape shoulders and dispose
of waste according to Subsection 204.14.

**303.05 Roadbed Reconditioning.** Repair soft and unstable areas
according to Subsection 204.07. Remove all organic, deleterious, or
oversize material larger than 150 millimeters from the top 150
millimeters of subgrade. Dispose of waste according to Subsection
204.14. Scarify to a 150-millimeter depth, remove surface
irregularities, and shape to provide a uniform surface. Finish earth
surfaces to within 15 millimeters and rock surfaces to within 30
millimeters of the required line, cross-section, and grade. Compact
according to Subsection 204.11.

**303.06 Aggregate Surface Reconditioning.** Repair soft and unstable
areas to the full depth of the aggregate surface and according to
Subsection 204.07. Scarify to the depth of the aggregate surface or to a
depth of 200 millimeters, whichever is less, and remove surface
irregularities. Reshape, finish, and compact the entire aggregate
surface according to Section 308.

**303.07 Roadway Reconditioning.** Perform all the applicable work
described in Subsections 303.03 through 303.06.

**303.08 Pulverizing.** Scarify the surface to the designated depth and
width. Pulverize all material to a size one and one half times the
maximum sized aggregate or to 40 millimeters, whichever is greater. Mix,
spread, compact, and finish the material according to Section 301.

**303.09 Acceptance.** See Table 303-1 for sampling and testing
requirements. Road reconditioning work will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**303.10** Measure the Section 303 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure ditch reconditioning and shoulder reconditioning by the
kilometer or meter horizontally along the centerline of the roadway for
each side of the roadway.

Measure roadbed reconditioning, aggregate surface reconditioning,
roadway reconditioning, and pulverizing by the kilometer or by the
square meter. Measure the square meter area on a horizontal plane. Do
not measure isolated areas less than 20 square meters.

Measure waste under Section 204.

Payment

**303.11** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 303 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+
| Table    | **Rep    | Before   | Before using  | End of      | \    |
| 303-1    | orting** | using    |               | shift       | (1\) |
|          |          |          | in work       |             | Min  |
| Sampling | **Time** | in work  |               |             | imum |
| and      |          |          |               |             | 5    |
| Testing  |          |          |               |             | po   |
| and      |          |          |               |             | ints |
| Requ     |          |          |               |             | per  |
| irements |          |          |               |             | proc |
|          |          |          |               |             | tor. |
+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+
|          | *        | Yes,     | ---           | ---         |      |
|          | *Split** | when     |               |             |      |
|          |          | r        |               |             |      |
|          | **       | equested |               |             |      |
|          | Sample** |          |               |             |      |
+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+
|          | **Point  | Roadbed  | Processed     | Compacted   |      |
|          | of       |          |               | material    |      |
|          | Sa       |          | material      |             |      |
|          | mpling** |          | before        |             |      |
|          |          |          | incorporating |             |      |
|          |          |          |               |             |      |
|          |          |          | in work       |             |      |
+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+
|          | **Sa     | 1 per    | 1 for each    | 1 per 2500  |      |
|          | mpling** | soil     | mixture or    | m^2^        |      |
|          |          | type     | change in     |             |      |
|          | **Fre    |          | material      |             |      |
|          | quency** |          |               |             |      |
+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+
|          | **Test   | AASHTO M | AASHTO T 180, | AASHTO T    |      |
|          | Methods  | 145      |               | 310 or      |      |
|          | Specific |          | method D      |             |      |
|          | ations** |          | ^(1)^         | other       |      |
|          |          |          |               | approved    |      |
|          |          |          |               | procedures  |      |
+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+
|          | **Ca     | ---      | ---           | ---         |      |
|          | tegory** |          |               |             |      |
+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+
|          | **       | Classi   | Moisture-     | In-place    |      |
|          | Characte | fication |               | density &   |      |
|          | ristic** |          | density       | moisture    |      |
|          |          |          |               | content     |      |
+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+
|          | **Type   | Measured |               |             |      |
|          | of       | and      |               |             |      |
|          | Ac       | tested   |               |             |      |
|          | ceptance |          |               |             |      |
|          | (Subse   | for      |               |             |      |
|          | ction)** | con      |               |             |      |
|          |          | formance |               |             |      |
|          |          |          |               |             |      |
|          |          | (106.04) |               |             |      |
+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+
|          | **       | Existing |               |             |      |
|          | Material | roadbed  |               |             |      |
|          | or       |          |               |             |      |
|          | P        |          |               |             |      |
|          | roduct** |          |               |             |      |
+----------+----------+----------+---------------+-------------+------+

## Section 304. --- AGGREGATE STABILIZATION

Description

**304.01** This work consists of constructing a stabilized aggregate
layer with either imported or in-place aggregate. The aggregate layer is
stabilized by incorporating cement (aggregate cement) or fly ash plus
lime, and cement (AFLC).

Aggregate stabilization is designated as imported aggregate course or
in-place aggregate course.

Imported aggregate stabilization and in-place aggregate stabilization
are designated as aggregate cement or AFLC.

Aggregate grading is designated as shown in Table 703-2.

Material

**304.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Aggregate 703.05

Blotter 703.13

Chemical admixtures (set-retarding) 711.03

Emulsified asphalt 702.03

Fly ash 725.04

Portland cement 701.01(a)

Lime 725.03

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**304.03 Proportioning.** Submit a mix design 30 days before production.

**(a) Aggregate cement mixtures.** Estimate the median cement content
required for maximum density of the mixture and select cement contents
by mass at 2 percentage points above and below the estimated median
cement content.

At these 3 cement contents:

**(1)** Use a minimum of 4 points to determine the maximum density and
optimum moisture content of the 3 mixtures according to AASHTO T 134.

**(2)** Determine the loss in mass of the 3 mixtures according to AASHTO
T 135 and T 136.

**(3)** Determine the 7-day unconfined compressive strength of the 3
mixtures according to ASTM D 633, method A.

Design and use a mixture that meets the requirements of Table 304-1.

Table 304-1

Aggregate Cement Mix Design Parameters

+------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Material or Property**                             | **            |
|                                                      | Requirement** |
+------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Aggregate                                            | 90 -- 96      |
|                                                      | %^(1)^        |
+------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Portland cement                                      | 4 -- 10       |
|                                                      | %^(1)^        |
+------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Loss in mass, AASHTO T 135 & T 136 (12 cycles)       | 14% max.      |
|                                                      |               |
| A-1, A-2-4, A-2-5, & A-3                             | 10% max.      |
|                                                      |               |
| A-2-6, A-2-7, A-4, & A-5                             | 7% max.       |
|                                                      |               |
| A-6 & A-7                                            |               |
+------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| 7-day unconfined compressive strength,               | 2.8 MPa min.  |
|                                                      |               |
| ASTM D-1633, method A                                |               |
+------------------------------------------------------+---------------+

\(1\) By mass of total dry mix.

**(b) AFLC mixtures.** Determine the optimum fly ash plus lime and
cement content according to ASTM C 593, Section 10 using several
mixtures with varying fly ash plus lime and cement contents. The peak of
the density fly ash plus lime and cement content curve is the optimum
fly ash plus lime and cement content.

Determine the lime and cement fly ash ratio according to ASTM C 593,
Sections 10 and 11 using a series of mixtures at the optimum fly ash
plus lime and cement content and varying lime and cement fly ash ratio.
Use a curing period from 7 to 28 days at 36 to 40 °C.

Design a mixture that meets the requirements of Table 304-2.

Use a mixture with a fly ash plus lime and cement content that exceeds
the optimum fly ash plus lime and cement content by 0.5 percent.

Table 304-2

AFLC Mix Design Parameters

  ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------
  **Material or Property**                         **Requirement**

  Aggregate                                        75 -- 92 %^(1)^

  Fly ash                                          6 -- 20 %^(1)^

  Lime and portland cement                         2 -- 5 %^(1)^

  Average compressive strength, ASTM C 593         3.5 MPa min.

  Single compressive strength, ASTM C 593          2.8 MPa min.
  ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------

\(1\) By mass of total dry mix.

**(c) Job-mix formula.**

**(1)** Submit the following for each job-mix formula:

*(a)* Source of each component;

*(b)* Results of applicable tests; and

*(c)* Target values for:

*(1)* Each aggregate sieve size specified as applicable; and

*(2)* Stabilizing agent.

**(2)** At the request of the CO, submit the following:

*(a)* 90-kilogram sample of aggregate;

*(b)* 25-kilogram sample of fly ash;

*(c)* 10-kilogram sample of lime;

*(d)* 10-kilogram sample of Portland cement; and

*(e)* 2-kilogram sample of retarder or other admixtures.

Furnish a new mix design if there is a change in a material source.
Begin production only after the mix design is approved.

**304.04 General.** Store stabilizing agents and admixtures in closed,
weatherproof containers. Do not construct the stabilized aggregate layer
when the underlying surface is frozen, muddy, or when it is raining or
snowing. Do not begin application or mixing operations when the
atmospheric temperature is expected to fall below 4 ºC within 48 hours.

**(a) Imported aggregate course.** Prepare the underlying surface
according to Section 204, Subsection 303.05, or Subsection 303.06, as
applicable.

**(b) In-place aggregate course.** Recondition the aggregate according
to Subsection 303.06. Shape the scarified aggregate into a windrow or
blanket that is suitable for applying stabilizing agents.

**304.05 Applying stabilizing agents.**

**(a) Imported aggregate course.** Equip the mixer with batching or
metering devices for proportioning the components either by mass or
volume. Maintain the accuracy of the amounts of aggregate, chemical
additives, and water (based on the total dry mass) within the following
tolerances:

Aggregate ±2.0% by mass

Fly ash ±1.5% by mass

Lime and cement ±0.5% by mass

Retarder or other additive ±2.0% by mass

Water ±2.0% by mass

In aggregate cement mixtures, a retarder may be used to slow initial set
for a maximum of 2 hours. Dissolve the retarder in water and then
uniformly add it to the mixture.

> **(b) In-place aggregate course.** Apply the moisture content of the
> aggregate to at least 3 percent below optimum. Do not apply
> stabilizing agents when conditions allow excessive loss to washing or
> blowing. Apply stabilizing agents at the required rates by one of the
> following methods:

**(1) Dry method.** Uniformly apply the stabilizing agents with an
approved spreader. Apply water using approved methods to obtain the
proper moisture content for mixing and compaction.

**(2) Slurry method.** Mix stabilizing agents with water and apply as a
thin water suspension or slurry using either trucks with approved
distributors or rotary mixers. Equip the distributor truck or rotary
mixer tank with an agitator to keep the stabilizing agents suspended in
water. Make successive passes over the material to obtain the moisture
and stabilizing agents content for mixing and compacting.

**304.06 Mixing.** Mix the components with suitable equipment until all
additives are distributed uniformly within the aggregate to create a
homogeneous mixture. When a central plant is used, transport the mixture
in vehicles that maintain moisture content and prevent segregation and
loss of the fine material.

**(a) Aggregate cement mixtures.** Add water and thoroughly mix to
adjust the moisture content of the mixture as determined from the mix
design and approved by the CO. Complete the mixing within 2 hours of
cement application.

**(b) AFLC mixtures.** Add water and thoroughly mix to adjust the
moisture content of the mixture to optimum moisture content plus any
necessary hydration moisture as determined from the mix design and
approved by the CO. Complete the mixing within 6 hours of additive
application. Cure the mixture for 2 to 4 days by keeping it moist.

**304.07 Placing, Compacting, and Finishing.** While placing and
spreading the mixture, maintain the moisture content within 2 percent of
optimum. Do not leave uncompacted aggregate cement mixtures undisturbed
for more than 30 minutes, and complete their compaction and finishing
within 1 hour from the time water is added. Additional time may be
permitted if a retarder is used. Compact the mixture to at least 95
percent of the maximum density. Determine the in-place density and
moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test
procedures.

Finish the aggregate course according to Subsection 301.06 to produce a
surface that is smooth, dense, and free of compaction planes, ridges, or
loose material.

**304.08 Construction Joints.** For AFLC mixtures, tie each day's work
into the completed work of the previous day by remixing approximately
0.5 meter of the completed course before processing additional sections.
Add 50 percent of the original amount of lime or fly ash to the remixed
material.

For aggregate cement mixtures or when an AFLC mixture remains
undisturbed for more than 24 hours, make a transverse construction joint
by cutting back into the completed work to form an approximately
vertical face.

**304.09 Curing.** Do not allow traffic on the stabilized aggregate
surface. Apply water under pressure through a spray bar equipped with
nozzles producing a fine, uniform spray. Keep the surface continuously
moist until the next layer is placed.

Place the next layer within 7 days of finishing the aggregate
stabilization. This may be deferred up to 21 days by sealing the surface
with rapid-setting emulsified asphalt or cutback asphalt. Apply
undiluted CRS-2 emulsified asphalt or RS-2 cutback asphalt at a rate of
1.1 liters per square meter according to Section 409. Provide a
continuous film over the surface. Furnish and apply blotter according to
Section 411.

If the stabilized aggregate looses stability, density, or finish,
reprocess, re-compact, and add additives as necessary to restore the
strength of the damaged material. Reapply the asphalt seal where the
continuous film is damaged.

**304.10 Acceptance.** See Table 304-3 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Material for blotter, chemical admixtures, fly ash, lime, hydraulic
cement, and water will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.
Emulsified asphalt will be evaluated under Subsections 106.03 and
702.09.

New imported aggregate will be evaluated for gradation according to
Subsection 301.08(a).

Stabilized imported and in-place aggregate courses will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Reconditioning of the aggregate course for in-place aggregate will be
evaluated under Section 303.

Preparation of the surface on which the treated imported aggregate
course is placed will be evaluated under Sections 204 or 303.

Emulsified asphalt seal will be evaluated under Section 409.

Blotter will be evaluated under Section 411.

Measurement

**304.11** Measure the Section 304 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure square meter width horizontally to include the top of aggregate
width including designed widening. Measure the square meter length along
the centerline of the roadway.

Measure emulsified asphalt under Section 409.

Measure blotter under Section 411.

Payment

**304.12** The accepted quantities measured as provided in Subsection
109.02, will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for
the Section 304 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be
full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See
Subsection 109.05.

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><p>Table 304-3</p>
<p>Sampling and Testing Requirements</p></td>
<td><strong>Reporting Time</strong></td>
<td rowspan="9"><strong>Aggregate Cement Mixtures</strong></td>
<td><p>Before using</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td rowspan="9"><strong>Aggregate, Fly Ash, Lime, and Cement
(AFLC)</strong></td>
<td><p>Before using</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td rowspan="9"><strong>Imported Aggregate</strong></td>
<td>4 hours</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>4 hours</td>
<td rowspan="9"><strong>Stabilized Aggregate</strong></td>
<td>End of shift</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Split</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sample</strong></p></td>
<td>Yes, when requested</td>
<td>Yes, when requested</td>
<td>Yes, when requested</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Point of Sampling</strong></td>
<td><p>Processed</p>
<p>material before incorporating</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td><p>Processed</p>
<p>material before incorporating</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td>Processed aggregate before stabilizing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Processed aggregate before stabilizing</td>
<td>Compacted material</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Sampling</strong></p>
<p><strong>Frequency</strong></p></td>
<td>1 for each mixture or change in material</td>
<td>1 for each mixture or change in material</td>
<td>1 per 1000 t</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>1 per 3000 t</td>
<td><p>1 per 500 t</p>
<p>or 2500 m<sup>2</sup></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p><strong>Test Methods</strong></p>
<p><strong>Specifications</strong></p></td>
<td><p>Cement:</p>
<p>AASHTO T 134</p>
<p>(minimum of 4 points)</p></td>
<td>AFLC ASTM C 593 Section 10 &amp; 11 (minimum of 4 points)</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 27</p>
<p>&amp; T 11</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>AASHTO T 89</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 310 or</p>
<p>other approved procedures</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Category</strong></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>II</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Characteristic</strong></td>
<td><p>Moisture-</p>
<p>density</p></td>
<td><p>Moisture-</p>
<p>density</p></td>
<td>Gradation</td>
<td>9.5 mm</td>
<td>4.75 mm</td>
<td>75 μm</td>
<td>Other specified sieves</td>
<td>Liquid limit</td>
<td>In-place density &amp; moisture content</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type of Acceptance (Subsection)</strong></td>
<td><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
<td><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
<td colspan="5"><p>Statisical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
<td><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
<td><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Material or Product</strong></td>
<td>Proportioning (304.03)</td>
<td>Proportioning (304.03)</td>
<td colspan="6"><p>Aggregate</p>
<p>(703.05)</p></td>
<td><p>Mixture</p>
<p>(304)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

## Section 305. --- AGGREGATE-TOPSOIL COURSE

Description

**305.01** This work consists of furnishing and placing an aggregate,
topsoil, and seed mixture on a prepared shoulder or other surface.

Material

**305.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Aggregate 703.14

Seed 713.04

Topsoil 713.01

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**305.03 Preparing Surface.** Complete the adjoining pavement before
placing an aggregate-topsoil mixture on the shoulder. Scarify the area
where the mixture is to be placed to a depth of 75 millimeters. Reduce
all clods and sod to a maximum size of 100 millimeters.

**305.04 Mixing, Placing, and Compacting.** Furnish a mixture of 50±10
percent aggregate and 50±10 percent topsoil by volume with sufficient
water for compaction.

Mix the components into a uniform mixture. Spread the mixture on the
prepared surface in a uniform layer. Shape the mixture to the line,
grade, and cross-section. Remove all clods and stones greater than 50
millimeters in diameter. Before compaction, dry seed the mixture surface
at a rate of 85 kilograms per hectare according to Section 625.

Uniformly compact the mixture so that it does not exhibit heaving,
pumping, rutting, or shearing. After compaction, dry seed the surface
again at a rate of 85 kilograms per hectare.

**305.05 Acceptance.** See Table 305-1 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Aggregate for aggregate-topsoil will be evaluated under Subsections
106.02 and 106.04. Seed and topsoil will be evaluated under Subsections
106.02 and 106.03.

Construction of aggregate-topsoil course will be evaluated under
Subsection 106.02.

Measurement

**305.06** Measure the Section 305 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure aggregate-topsoil course by the cubic meter in the hauling
vehicle.

Payment

**305.07** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 305 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+
| Table  | *          | 36 hours             | 24 hours         | \  |
| 305-1  | *Reporting |                      |                  | (1 |
|        | Time**     |                      |                  | \) |
| Sa     |            |                      |                  | M  |
| mpling |            |                      |                  | in |
| and    |            |                      |                  | im |
| T      |            |                      |                  | um |
| esting |            |                      |                  | of |
| Requir |            |                      |                  | 5  |
| ements |            |                      |                  | po |
|        |            |                      |                  | in |
|        |            |                      |                  | ts |
|        |            |                      |                  | p  |
|        |            |                      |                  | er |
|        |            |                      |                  | pr |
|        |            |                      |                  | oc |
|        |            |                      |                  | to |
|        |            |                      |                  | r. |
+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+
|        | **Split**  | ---                  | ---              |    |
|        |            |                      |                  |    |
|        | **Sample** |                      |                  |    |
+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+
|        | **Point of | Production output or | In-place         |    |
|        | Sampling** | stockpile            |                  |    |
+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+
|        | **         | 1 per soil blend     | 1 per 3500 m^2^  |    |
|        | Sampling** |                      |                  |    |
|        |            |                      |                  |    |
|        | **F        |                      |                  |    |
|        | requency** |                      |                  |    |
+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+
|        | **Test     | AASHTO T 99,         | AASHTO T 310 or  |    |
|        | Methods    |                      |                  |    |
|        | Specif     | method C ^(1)^       | other approved   |    |
|        | ications** |                      | procedures       |    |
+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+
|        | **         | ---                  | ---              |    |
|        | Category** |                      |                  |    |
+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+
|        | **Charac   | Moisture-            | Compaction       |    |
|        | teristic** |                      |                  |    |
|        |            | density              |                  |    |
+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+
|        | **Type of  | Measured and tested  |                  |    |
|        | Acceptance |                      |                  |    |
|        | (Sub       | for conformance      |                  |    |
|        | section)** | (106.04)             |                  |    |
+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+
|        | **Material | Aggregate --         |                  |    |
|        | or         |                      |                  |    |
|        | Product**  | topsoil              |                  |    |
+--------+------------+----------------------+------------------+----+

## Section 306. --- DUST PALLIATIVE

Description

**306.01** This work consists of furnishing and applying one or more
applications of a dust palliative on a prepared surface.

Material

**306.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Blotter 703.13

Calcium chloride 725.02

Calcium chloride flake 725.02

Emulsified asphalt 702.03

Lignosulfonate 725.20

Magnesium chloride 725.02

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**306.03 General.** Use distributor equipment conforming to Subsection
409.04 except heating capability is not required. Equip the distributor
with a hose and nozzle for areas inaccessible to the distributor and for
touch-up work. Do not apply a dust palliative when the weather is foggy
or when rain is anticipated within 24 hours of application. Do not apply
chloride brines, emulsified asphalt, or lignosulfonate when the ground
is frozen.

Protect the surfaces of structures and trees from splatter or marring
during application. Use multiple applications at a reduced rate if
necessary to prevent runoff. Do not discharge dust palliative into
streams.

**306.04 Preparation and Application.** Prepare the roadbed by blading
and shaping to leave 25 to 50 millimeters of relatively loose material
on the surface.

**(a) Emulsified asphalt.** When a slow setting emulsified asphalt is
used, dilute it with water until the emulsion contains 20 to 30 percent
residual asphalt. The CO will approve the exact proportion. Thoroughly
blend the emulsified asphalt with the added water. Apply according to
Subsection 409.08 when the ambient air temperature is 4 °C or above.

**(b) Lignosulfonate, calcium chloride, or magnesium chloride.** Water
the loose material so it is visibly moist.

When lignosulfonate is used, dilute it with water until the mixture
contains a minimum 48 percent concentration. When calcium chloride brine
is used, provide a minimum 36 percent concentration. When magnesium
chloride brine is used, provide a minimum 28 percent concentration. When
calcium chloride flake is used, provide flakes with a minimum 77 percent
purity.

Thoroughly mix the components. Apply when the ambient air temperature is
4 °C or above. Apply liquid concentrations at a rate of 1.4 to 2.7
liters per square meter as approved. Apply the chloride flakes at the
rate of 0.5 to 1.1 kilograms per square meter as approved.

Process the dust palliative uniformly throughout the layer, moisten as
necessary, and compact the surface.

**306.05 Maintenance and Opening to Traffic.** Do not permit traffic on
the treated surface until the dust palliative has penetrated and cured
enough to prevent excessive pickup under traffic. If it becomes
necessary to permit traffic before that time, apply blotter as
necessary.

**306.06 Acceptance.** Dust palliative material (emulsified asphalt,
lignosulfonate, calcium chloride, calcium chloride flake, and magnesium
chloride) will be evaluated under Subsection 106.03. Provide a
commercial certification that includes the date, identification number
(truck or trailer), net mass, and brand name with each shipment. For
liquid, non-petroleum dust palliatives also provide the net volume and
specific gravity at 15 ºC, percent solids by mass, and pH. For solid
dust palliatives also provide the concentration of the product.

Application of dust palliative will be evaluated under Subsections
106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

**306.07** Measure the Section 306 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

**306.08** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 306 pay items listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

## Section 307. --- Reserved

## Section 308. --- MINOR CRUSHED AGGREGATE

Description

**308.01** This work consists of furnishing and placing crushed
aggregate for bedding, backfill, and roadway aggregate courses.

The roadway aggregate compaction method is designated as shown in
Subsection 308.05(a).

Material

**308.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Crushed aggregate 703.06

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**308.03 Preparing Surface.**

**(a) Roadway aggregate.** Prepare the surface on which the aggregate
course is placed according to Subsection 303.07.

**(b) Bedding and backfill aggregate.** Shape, compact, and finish the
surface to the required lines, grade, elevation, and cross-section
according to Section 209.

**308.04 Placing Crushed Aggregate.**

**(a) Roadway aggregate.** Mix the aggregate and adjust the moisture
content to obtain a uniform mixture with a moisture content suitable for
compaction. Spread and shape the mixture on the prepared surface in a
uniform layer.

Do not place the mixture in a layer exceeding 150 millimeters in
compacted thickness. When more than one layer is necessary, compact each
layer according to Subsection 308.05(a) before placing the next layer.

**(b) Bedding and backfill aggregate.** Place and shape the mixture in
layers that, when compacted, do not exceed 150 millimeters in depth.

**308.05 Compacting and Finishing Crushed Aggregate.**

**(a) Roadway aggregate.** Compact using the specified method. When no
method is specified, use either method. Finish the surface according to
Subsection 301.06.

**(1) Method 1.** Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11.
Roll from the sides to the center, parallel to the centerline of the
road. Along curbs, headers, and walls, and all places not accessible to
the roller, compact the material with approved tampers or compactors.

Compactive effort may be decreased if inplace densities show that less
compactive effort is required under Method 2.

**(2) Method 2.** Compact each layer according to 301.05.

**(b) Bedding and backfill aggregate.** Compact each layer according to
Subsection 209.11.

**308.06 Acceptance.** See Table 308-1 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Crushed aggregate will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.
Furnish a production certification including gradation and quality
properties for each source.

Construction of roadway aggregate courses will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02 and 106.04. Method 2 compaction will be evaluated
under Section 106.04.

Placement of bedding and backfill aggregate will be evaluated under
Subsection 106.02 and Section 209.

Preparation of the surfaces on which crushed aggregate is placed will be
evaluated under Section 303 and 209 as applicable.

Measurement

**308.07** Measure the Section 308 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure crushed aggregate by the cubic meter in the hauling vehicle.

Measure square meter width horizontally to include the top of aggregate
width including designed widenings. Measure the square meter length
horizontally along the centerline of the roadway.

Payment

**308.08** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 308 pay item listed in the bid
schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in
this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| Table     | **R      | Before    | Before    | \(1\) Minimum of 5  |
| 308-1     | eporting | using     | placing   | points per proctor. |
|           | Time**   |           | next      |                     |
| Sampling  |          | in work   | layer     |                     |
| and       |          |           |           |                     |
| Testing   |          |           |           |                     |
| Req       |          |           |           |                     |
| uirements |          |           |           |                     |
+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
|           | *        | ---       | ---       |                     |
|           | *Split** |           |           |                     |
|           |          |           |           |                     |
|           | **       |           |           |                     |
|           | Sample** |           |           |                     |
+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
|           | **Point  | P         | In-place  |                     |
|           | of       | roduction |           |                     |
|           | Sa       | output or |           |                     |
|           | mpling** | stockpile |           |                     |
+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
|           | **Sa     | 1 for     | 1 per 500 |                     |
|           | mpling** | each      | t         |                     |
|           |          |           |           |                     |
|           | **Fre    | aggregate |           |                     |
|           | quency** | supplied  |           |                     |
+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
|           | **Test   | AASHTO T  | AASHTO T  |                     |
|           | Methods  | 180,      | 310 or    |                     |
|           | Specific |           |           |                     |
|           | ations** | method    | other     |                     |
|           |          | D^(1)^    | approved  |                     |
|           |          |           |           |                     |
|           |          |           | p         |                     |
|           |          |           | rocedures |                     |
+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
|           | **Ca     | ---       | ---       |                     |
|           | tegory** |           |           |                     |
+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
|           | **       | Moisture- | C         |                     |
|           | Characte |           | ompaction |                     |
|           | ristic** | density   |           |                     |
+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
|           | **Type   | Measured  |           |                     |
|           | of       | and       |           |                     |
|           | Ac       | tested    |           |                     |
|           | ceptance |           |           |                     |
|           | (Subse   | for       |           |                     |
|           | ction)** | co        |           |                     |
|           |          | nformance |           |                     |
|           |          | (106.04)  |           |                     |
+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
|           | **       | Crushed   |           |                     |
|           | Material | aggregate |           |                     |
|           | or       |           |           |                     |
|           | P        |           |           |                     |
|           | roduct** |           |           |                     |
+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+

## Section 309. --- EMULSIFIED ASPHALT-TREATED BASE COURSE

Description

**309.01** This work consists of constructing an emulsified
asphalt-treated base course on a prepared surface.

Base aggregate grading is designated as shown in Table 703-2.

Material

**309.02** Conform to the following Subsections:

Base course aggregate 703.05

Emulsified asphalt 702.03

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

**309.03 General.** Prepare the surface on which the treated aggregate
base course is placed according to Section 204 or 303 as applicable.

After a representative quantity of aggregate is produced, submit
proposed target values for the appropriate sieve sizes along with a
representative 150-kilogram sample at least 14 days before incorporating
the aggregate into the work.

Set target values within the gradation ranges shown in Table 703-2 for
the required grading.

**309.04 Mixing and Spreading.** Use a stationary pugmill with weighing,
volumetric, or other gauging equipment capable of accurately controlling
the material entering the mixer. Interlock the controls for the
aggregate feed with the emulsified asphalt and water controls to ensure
uniform introduction of material into the mixer. Determine the optimum
moisture content of the mixture according to AASHTO T 180, method D.

Add the aggregate and water to the mixer before the emulsified asphalt.
Add 1 percent emulsified asphalt by mass of aggregate. Adjust the total
liquid content (emulsified asphalt and water) so that, at the time of
compaction, the total liquid content is within 2 percent of the optimum
moisture content. Mix until all particles are uniformly coated.

Immediately after mixing, spread the mixture on the prepared surface in
a uniform layer. Shape the mixture to the line, grade, and
cross-section. Route hauling equipment uniformly over the full width of
the surface to minimize rutting or uneven compaction.

**309.05 Compacting.** Determine the maximum density of the mixture
according to AASHTO T 180, method D.

Compact the full width. Roll from the sides to the center, parallel to
the centerline of the road. Along curbs, headers, walls, and all places
not accessible to the roller, compact the material with approved tampers
or compactors.

Compact the mixture to at least 95 percent of maximum density. Determine
the inplace density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or
other approved test procedures.

**309.06 Surface Tolerance.** Finish the surface according to Subsection
301.06.

**309.07 Maintenance.** Maintain the treated aggregate course to the
correct line, grade, and cross-section by blading, watering, rolling, or
any combination thereof until placement of the next course. Correct all
defects according to Subsection 301.06.

**309.08 Acceptance.** See Table 309-1 for sampling and testing
requirements.

Emulsified asphalt will be evaluated under Subsections 106.03 and
702.09.

Aggregate gradation will be evaluated under Subsection 106.05. The
aggregate gradation upper and lower specification limits are the
approved target values plus or minus the allowable deviations shown in
Table 703-2. See Table 309-1 for the acceptance quality characteristic
categories. All other aggregate quality properties will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Construction of emulsified asphalt treated base course will be evaluated
under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Preparation of the surface on which the treated aggregate base course is
placed will be evaluated under Section 204 or 303 as applicable.

Measurement

**309.09** Measure the Section 309 items listed in the bid schedule
according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure emulsified asphalt treated aggregate base by the cubic meter in
the hauling vehicle.

Measure the square meter width horizontally to include the top of base
width including designed widening. Measure the square meter length
horizontally along the centerline of the roadway.

Payment

**309.10** The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price
per unit of measurement for the Section 309 pay items listed in the bid
schedule except the emulsified asphalt‑treated aggregate base unit bid
price will be adjusted according to Subsection 106.05. Payment will be
full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See
Subsection 109.05.

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 5%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 16%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="9"><p>Table 309-1</p>
<p>Sampling and Testing Requirements</p></td>
<td><strong>Reporting Time</strong></td>
<td><p>Before using</p>
<p>in work</p></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>4 hours</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Before placing next layer</td>
<td rowspan="9"><p>(1) SE/P<sub>75</sub> index (SEP) is a measure of a
material’s ability to perform based on the quality and quantity of fines
present. The quality is represented by the sand equivalent (SE) and
quantity is represented by the percent passing the 75-μm sieve
(P<sub>75</sub>). The SEP is computed as follows:</p>
<p>For an SE ≥ 29, SEP = SE/(P<sub>75</sub> + 25) and for an SE &lt; 29,
SEP = (SE + 4)/(SE + P<sub>75</sub>).</p>
<p>Where: SE = Plastic fines in graded aggregates and soils by using the
sand equivalent test AASHTO T 176, alternate method no.2, referee
method</p>
<p>P<sub>75</sub> = Material finer than 75-μm sieve in mineral
aggregates by washing AASHTO T 11</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Split</strong></p>
<p><strong>Sample</strong></p></td>
<td>Yes, when requested</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>Yes, when requested</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Point of Sampling</strong></td>
<td><p>Source of</p>
<p>material</p></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>In-place</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td><p>Belt feed before</p>
<p>adding emulsified asphalt</p></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>In-place</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p><strong>Sampling</strong></p>
<p><strong>Frequency</strong></p></td>
<td>1 for each source</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>1 per 1000 t</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td></td>
<td>1 per 500 t but not less than 1 per layer</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Test methods Specifications</strong></td>
<td>AASHTO T 96</td>
<td>AASHTO T 210</td>
<td>AASHTO T 104</td>
<td>AASHTO T 30</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>”</td>
<td>“</td>
<td>ASTM D 5821</td>
<td>AASHTO T 176, alternate method no. 2, reference method</td>
<td>Note 1</td>
<td><p>AASHTO T 310 or</p>
<p>other approved procedures</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Category</strong></td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td></td>
<td>I</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>II</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>I</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Characteristic</strong></td>
<td>LA abrasion (coarse)</td>
<td>Durability index (coarse &amp; fine)</td>
<td>Sodium sulfate soundness</td>
<td>Gradation</td>
<td>9.5 mm</td>
<td>4.75 mm</td>
<td>425 μm</td>
<td>75 μm</td>
<td>Fractured faces</td>
<td>Sand equivalent</td>
<td>SE/P<sub>75</sub> index</td>
<td>Compaction</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><strong>Type of Acceptance (Subsection)</strong></td>
<td colspan="3"><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance</p>
<p>(106.04 &amp; 105)</p></td>
<td colspan="8"><p>Statistical</p>
<p>(106.05)</p></td>
<td><p>Measured and tested</p>
<p>for conformance (106.04)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><strong>Material or Product</strong></td>
<td colspan="3">Aggregate quality</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>Emulsified asphalt-treated aggregate base,
grading</p>
<p>C, D &amp; E</p></td>
<td><p>Emulsified asphalt-</p>
<p>treated aggregate</p>
<p>base, grading D</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>