**RENEWABLE ENERGY IN PAKISTAN**[^1]

**1 (2x50) MW Wind Power Generation Project at Gharo, Sindh**

On commercial grid connected electricity generation program, the
Government of Pakistan has decided to install 100 MW Wind Power Farm by
June 2009. This program initiated by the Alternative Energy Development
Board (AEDB), involves financing through private sector, land from
Government of Sindh and power purchase by NTDC for HESCO. The Government
of Pakistan guarantees are backed through NEPRA. The Board has recently
issued LOIs to 30 national and international companies for generation of
1500 MW power through wind energy.

A wind corridor at Gharo-Keti Bandar, Sindh has been identified with an
actual potential of 50,000 MW. The pre-feasibility study of the site has
been done by AEDB. AEDB drafted the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and
the Implementation Agreement. 8 companies with financial and technical
viability have been short-listed. OEMs/Suppliers like GE, VESTAS and
GAMESA have been short-listed for the project. Three companies have
submitted applications to NEPRA for obtaining Generation License. NTDC
has submitted the request for Power Acquisition Permission to NEPRA for
procuring power from the proposed wind plants. HESCO has agreed to
purchase the initial 100 MW Wind Power generated through this project.
Private investors have entered the PPA negotiations with NTDC/WAPDA.
Sindh Government has leased out approximately 5000 Acres of land for the
project. AEDB has allocated 1000 acres of land each to five (5)
investors, namely M/s New Park Energy Ltd., M/s Green Power, M/s Zephyr
Ltd., M/s Win Power Ltd. and M/s Tenaga. Tariff would be determined by
NEPRA in consultation with the IPP and the Power Purchaser i.e. NTDC, as
per Government of Pakistan's Policy for Power Generation 2002, and under
the Section 7(6) of the Regulation Generation, Transmission and
Distribution of Electric Power Act (XL of) 1997 (NEPRA Act). New
Transmission Network from Mirpur Sakro to Thatta is to be constructed by
NTDC in order to sustain the load generated by 100 MW Wind Power. PC-I
for the project has been approved by the CDWP.

Once the initial target of generating 100 MW through Wind Energy is
achieved, it will be upgraded to 700 MW by the year 2010 and 9700 MW by
the year 2030.

**2 PSDP Projects** **undertaken by AEDB**

**2.1 100 Solar Homes Program Narian Khorian, Islamabad**

The project was successfully executed and implemented by AEDB. The
Honorable Prime Minister of Pakistan inaugurated it on 19^th^ June 2005.
Each of the 100 households has been provided with 88-Watt Solar Panels,
4 LED lights, a 12 Volt DC fan and a TV socket. In addition, a Solar
Geyser and a Solar Cooker have also been provided to each household.

As part of the community welfare, a Solar Water Desalination Plant has
also been installed and commissioned at the village ensuring the
availability of clean drinking water to the villagers. A Children's
Playground with Solar Powered Lights has also been developed at the
Village. Two Solar Powered Computers have been provided to the village
Mosque/Community Center, which has been air-conditioned using Solar
Energy as well. In addition, an electric vehicle has also been developed
which will act as the first ever Electric Rickshaw in Pakistan. The
batteries of this vehicle are charged with Solar Energy.

**2.2 100 Solar Homes Program per Province:**

The project was executed and implemented in the following villages:

1.  Allah Baksh Bazar Dandar, District Kech, Balochistan,

2.  Bharo Mal, District Thar, Sindh,

3.  Janak, District Kohat, N.W.F.P.,

4.  Lakhi Bher, Distrcit D.G. Khan, Punjab.

Each of the 100 households in each village has been provided with
88-Watt Solar Panels, 4 LED lights, a 12 Volt DC fan and a TV socket. In
addition, a Solar Disinfecting Unit and a Solar Cooker have also been
provided to each household.

**2.3 Pilot Project for Development and Installation of 02 Micro Hydro
Kaplan Turbines:**

A 40 kW Kaplan type micro hydel Turbine has been imported from China to
reverse engineer the technology. An R&D lab is being setup for this
purpose.

Another 40 kW Kaplan type micro hydel turbine has been indigenously
manufactured and installed at the Khanpur Dam Canal near the village of
Mohra Morado, Taxila. This turbine is being used to provide electricity
to the village.

**2.4 Pilot Project for Installation of Indigenously Developed Micro
Wind Turbines:**

A total of 140 Micro Wind Turbines have been installed at various sites
within Sindh and Balochistan, for providing electricity to the rural
households, as well as for water pumping. Details have been provided in
Table 3.

**2.5 Pilot Project for Emerging Alternative Energy Technologies
Demonstration in Pakistan:**

***Fuel Cell***: The Project clearly emphasizes on the research and
development of Fuel Cells in the country and in this regard most of the
initial work has already been completed. 03 No Fuel Cells along with
accessories were imported from the international market for carrying out
research in this field. UET Lahore and NED University Karachi have been
contacted for establishment of Fuel Cell Laboratories in their premises
so that the youth and intellectual class of students can benefit out of
this cutting edge technology to the most. The Laboratories would be
established and the equipment would be handed over to the concerned
after proper training. Training Workshop by a Foreign Consultant has
also been arranged so that the final part of the Project under the
present scope could be finalized. The Monitoring and Evaluation team of
AEDB would be in continuous operation for the success of the said
project, its development and indigenization in the country in near
future.

***Bio Diesel***: The initial research on bio-diesel resources in
Pakistan is complete. As much as 10 oil resources have been subjected to
oil extraction, transesterification and chemical analysis. After
iterative experiments, a number of potential resources have been
identified including Pongamia Pinnata (Sukh Chane), Rape Seed, and
Castor Bean.

Out of these, Pongamia Pinnata, being a natural tree and with no other
usage of its seed is considered to be the most promising source with an
average yield of 40-90 kg seed per tree and 25% oil content in
de-shelled seed.

The bio-diesel resources have been subjected to oil production. The
practical yields have been found and chemical properties have been
compared with those of HSD. The bio-diesel in neat form, as well as B5,
B10, B20[^2] has been subjected to road run.

The experiments so far have revealed that performance of bio-diesel,
produced through indigenous means, remains same as that of HSD, when
used as a blend. One just has to start off the engine and operate.
However, for use of neat bio-diesel, production processes require slight
iteration to reduce the viscosity of oil. This is achievable but should
only be done when use of neat bio-diesel is required.

Basic research on supply chain mechanism is also complete. The
infrastructure requirements, the raw material availability and
deployment models have been primed.

Still in progress is laboratory set-up for advance research on
bio-diesel. This includes installation of seed press in Quaid-i-Azam
University to study the productivity and economic aspects vis-à-vis
botanical aspect. Secondly, installation of a CL engine test bed at
University of Engineering & Technology Taxila, to calculate and compare
the performance indicators when operated on HSD and various blends of
bio-diesel.

In addition, Pakistan Railways has been involved in plantation of Sukh
Chane trees along the railway tracks. Once the performance parameters
are finalized and test run of the locomotive's engine is done, the oil
extracted from the Sukh Chane seed will be used in the locomotive
engine, saving sufficient volumes of imported HSD.

***Innovative Lighting Systems***: LED Lights, Solar Lanterns, Pedal
Generators, Hand Generators and Solar Mobile Phone Chargers have been
indigenously developed by the private sector with AEDB's facilitation.
These products have also been provided to the rural areas that have been
electrified with Solar Energy.

**3. Activities of Pakistan Council for Renewable Energy Technologies
(PCRET)**

1.  **Photovoltaic (PV) Technology**

-   Solar-Wind-Diesel High hybrid system installed to provide
    electricity to two villages in Balochistan through M/s Empower
    International, New Zealand.

-   Two other villages in Balochistan were electrified using PV system.

-   3000 Laser Detectors were designed and fabricated for incorporating
    in the laser land leveling system of Pakistan Atomic Energy
    Commission (PAEC).

-   4000 Solar Cells and 300 Solar Modules of different sizes were
    fabricated indigenously.

    2.  **Solar Thermal Appliances**

A number of appliances including solar water heaters, solar fruit and
vegetable dryers, solar distillation stills for producing clean water,
solar room heating systems and solar cookers have been developed and
disseminated for domestic and commercial applications.

**3.3 Fuel Saving / Efficient Cooking Stoves**

PCRET has developed five different models of efficient cooking stoves
for use in different parts of the country. Their efficiency varies from
20% to 25% vis-à-vis 10% efficiency of conventional cooking stoves. So
far, 70,000 such cooking stoves have been disseminated, 400 training
programs conducted and 20 cooking stoves manufacturing units/shops
established and 200 sale points have been opened by the private sector.

**3.4 Biogas Technology**

-   1500 family size biogas plants have been installed, which are
    meeting the domestic needs of 1500 households in the rural area of
    the country.

-   3 community size biogas plants have been installed in rural areas of
    Islamabad, which are meeting domestic fuel needs of 20 houses.

-   A 1000 m3 biogas plant is being designed for installation near
    Cattle Colony, Karachi. This plant will work under thermophillic
    conditions.

**3.5 Micro Hydro Power (MHP) Plants**

-   300 MHP plants (5-50 kW each) installed on cost sharing basis in the
    hilly terrain of NWFP.

-   Under Malakand Rural Development Project, 5 MHP plants have been
    installed and civil works of another 20 MHP plants have been
    completed. The Government of NWFP has funded this project.

**3.6 Electrification through Micro Wind Turbines**

-   600 houses have been electrified in the remote coastal areas of
    Sindh and Balochistan through installation of small wind turbines
    (stand alone) systems.

-   4 Coast Guard Check Posts at Lasbela have been electrified.

-   5 villages have been provided with battery charging facilities
    through a wind-powered battery-charging center.

-   500-Watts Wind Turbine has been manufactured locally. The second
    (improved) model is under field test.

-   A reverse osmosis unit is being installed near village Mubarak,
    Kemari Town, Karachi for desalination of brackish water.

\*\*\*\*\*

[Medium Term Wind Energy Development Plan 2011-2020]{.mark}

  ----------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------
  **Year**    **Capacity    **Cumulative MW of Wind Energy Installed by
              Installed     Year End**
              (MW)**        

              *700*         *Short Term Plan (2005-2010) 700*

  2011        100           800

  2012        100           900

  2013        150           1,050

  2014        200           1,250

  2015        250           1,500

  2016        250           1,750

  2017        300           2,050

  2018        300           2,350

  2019        350           2,700

  2020        300           3,000
  ----------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------

> *Source: Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan*

[DETAILS OF MICRO WIND TURBINES INSTALLED IN SINDH & BALOCHISTAN]{.mark}

> SINDH - District Thatta

  ------ -------------------------------------- -------------- -----------
  S.No   Name of Village                        Homes          Turbines
                                                Electrified    Installed

  1      Goth Gul Muhammad Khaskheli --         16             04
         Thakani, Mirpur Sakro                                 

  2      Goth Haji Jumo Khaskheli -- Thakani,   23             06
         Mirpur Sakro                                          

  3      Goth Ismail Khaskheli 1 -- Thakani     15             04

  4      Goth Ismail Khaskheli 2 -- Thakani     05             01

  5      Goth Mohd Hasan Khaskheli -- Thakani,  18             05
         Mirpur Sakro                                          

  6      Goth Haji Abdullah Channo -- Thakani,  07             02
         Mirpur Sakro                                          

  7      Goth Jamot Hussain Khaskheli --        11             03
         Thakani, Mirpur Sakro                                 

  8      Goth Baboo Pahwar -- Thakani, Mirpur   06             02
         Sakro                                                 

  9      Goth Sher Muhammad Hamaiti -- Gujjo    40             10

  10     Goth Daandaari -- Ghorabari, U.C.      250            40
         Udaasi                                                

  11     Goth Lukman -- Ghorabari, U.C. Udaasi  16             04

  12     Goth Sammo -- Ghorabari, U.C. Udaasi   14             03

         Total                                  356            85
  ------ -------------------------------------- -------------- -----------

  ------ ------------------------------------- --------------------------
  13     Daandaari -- Ghorabari, U.C. Udaasi   01 (10 kilo Watts) --
                                               Water Pumping

  ------ ------------------------------------- --------------------------

*Source: Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan*

> BALOCHISTAN - Kund Malir, District Lasbela

  ------ -------------------------------------- -------------- -----------
  S.No   Name of Village                        Homes          Turbines
                                                Electrified    Installed

  1      Goth Meer Isa -- Kund Malir, Lasbela   03             01

  2      Goth Ramzan -- Kund Malir, Lasbela     15             02

  3      Goth Haji Sher Muhammad -- Kund Malir, 35             05
         Lasbela                                               

  4      Goth Yaaqoob -- Kund Malir, Lasbela    18             02

  5      Goth Mir Abdullah -- Kund Malir,       08             01
         Lasbela                                               

  6      Goth Haji Washi / Daghari -- Kund      32             04
         Malir, Lasbela                                        

         Totals                                 111            15
  ------ -------------------------------------- -------------- -----------

*Source: Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan*

> BALOCHISTAN - Quetta

  ------ --------------------- ----------- ---------- -------------------------
  S.No   Name of Recipient     Location    Turbines   Current Status

  7      Governor Balochistan  F.C.        39         To be installed as per
         on behalf of the      Warehouse              the direction and advice
         Government of         Quetta                 of the Irrigation & Power
         Balochistan                                  Department Balochistan
  ------ --------------------- ----------- ---------- -------------------------

> *Source: Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan*
>
> **[VILLAGES ELECTRIFIED THROUGH SOLAR PHTOVOLTAIC DURING
> 2004-05]{.mark}**

  ---------------------------- -------------- -------------- -------------
  **Village Name**             **District**   **Province**   **No. of
                                                             Houses**

  Narian                       Rawalpindi     Punjab         53

  Khorian                      Rawalpindi     Punjab         57

  Allah Baksh Bazar Dandar     Turbat         Balochistan    121

  Lakhi Bhair                  D.G. Khan      Punjab         135

  Bharomal                     Chachro        Sindh          115

  Jhanak                       Kohat          N.W.F.P        120

                                              **Total**      **601**
  ---------------------------- -------------- -------------- -------------

> *Source: Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan*

**[VILLAGES TO BE ELECTRIFIED THROUGH SOLAR PHTOVOLTAIC DURING
2005-06]{.mark}**

> []{.mark}

  ---------------------------- --------------- -------------- -------------
  **Village name**             **District**    **Province**   **No. of
                                                              Houses**

  Khirzaan                     Khuzdar         Balochistan    100

  Basti Bugha                  D.G. Khan       Punjab         100

  Pinpario                     Chachro         Sindh          100

  Shnow Garri                  Kohat           N.W.F.P        100

                                               **Total**      **400**
  ---------------------------- --------------- -------------- -------------

**[Renewable Energy ProjectS FOR 2005-06]{.mark}**

+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| *  | > **Project Title**                                             |
| *N |                                                                 |
| o. |                                                                 |
| ** |                                                                 |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1  | > Roshan Pakistan: National Rural Electrification Programe      |
| \. | > through Alternative / Renewable Energy Technologies           |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2  | > Solar Homes Project in Each Province                          |
| \. |                                                                 |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3  | > Development of Supply Chain Mechanism for Pedal Generators,   |
| \. | > Hand Generators and LED Lanterns                              |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4  | > Pilot Project of Production Plant of Bio-Diesel               |
| \. |                                                                 |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5  | > Research on Development of 1 kW Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle in |
| \. | > Pakistan using Existing Fuel Cell                             |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6  | > Solar Water Pumping & Desalination                            |
| \. |                                                                 |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7  | > Solar Thermal Power Plant Technologies (Demonstration Units)  |
| \. |                                                                 |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 8  | > Electrification of Villages through Micro Wind Turbines       |
| \. |                                                                 |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9  | > Pilot project for Development and Installation of 02 Micro    |
| \. | > Hydro Kaplan Turbines                                         |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 10 | > Pilot project for Emerging Alternative Energy Technologies    |
| \. | > Demonstration in Pakistan                                     |
+----+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

[^1]: Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB), Prime Minister's
    Secretariat, Islamabad has provided the Material for this report.

[^2]: Blends of 5%, 10%, 20% bio-diesel, respectively, with HSD.