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<td rowspan="4">––––––––••••••••––––––––</td>
<td rowspan="4"><p><strong>UNITED STATES</strong></p>
<p><strong>DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR</strong></p>
<p><strong>BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT</strong></p>
<p><strong>JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS</strong></p></td>
<td rowspan="2">Date:</td>
<td colspan="4" rowspan="2"><p><img src="media/image1.wmf"
style="width:1.71806in;height:1.27292in" /></p>
<p>November 13, 2023</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><strong>X</strong></td>
<td>New</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Revised</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="2">Page:</td>
<td rowspan="2">1</td>
<td rowspan="2">of</td>
<td rowspan="2">14</td>
<td rowspan="2"></td>
<td colspan="6">Reviewed by (AFMO):</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="6"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Work Group:</td>
<td>Station Manager:</td>
<td colspan="11">Qualifications, training, and/or experience
required:</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Firefighters</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="11">S-130, S-190, Work Capacity Test (Pack Test)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Personal Protective Equipment::</td>
<td colspan="12" rowspan="2">Hard hat with chin strap, ear protection,
goggles, nomex clothing, fire shelter, 8" leather boots with lug soles,
and small first aid kit</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="14"><strong>BASIC JOB STEPS</strong></td>
<td colspan="4" rowspan="2"><strong>POTENTIAL HAZARDS</strong></td>
<td colspan="8" rowspan="2"><strong>SAFE JOB PROCEDURES</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4"></td>
<td colspan="8"><p><strong><u>WATCH OUT SITUATIONS</u></strong></p>
<ol start="22024" type="1">
<li><p>Fire not scouted and sized up.</p></li>
</ol>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>In country not seen in the daylight.</p></li>
<li><p>Safety zones and escape routes not identified.</p></li>
<li><p>Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire
behavior.</p></li>
<li><p>Uninformed on strategy, tactics, and hazards.</p></li>
<li><p>Instructions and assignments not clear.</p></li>
<li><p>No communication link with crew members/supervisors and adjoining
forces.</p></li>
<li><p>Constructing line without a safe anchor point.</p></li>
<li><p>Building fireline downhill with fire below.</p></li>
<li><p>Attempting frontal assault on fire.</p></li>
<li><p>Unburned fuel between you and the fire.</p></li>
<li><p>Cannot see main fire, and not in contact with anyone who
can.</p></li>
<li><p>On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel
below.</p></li>
<li><p>Weather getting hotter and drier.</p></li>
<li><p>Wind increases and/or changes direction.</p></li>
<li><p>Getting frequent spot fires across line.</p></li>
<li><p>Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult.</p></li>
<li><p>Taking a nap near the fireline.</p></li>
</ol>
<p><strong><u>LCES</u></strong></p>
<ol start="22540" type="1">
<li><p>Lookouts are posted and fire has been thoroughly scouted</p></li>
</ol>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Communications with dispatch and firefighting personnel are
adequate</p></li>
<li><p>Escape Routes: escape routes are identified and understood by all
firefighters</p></li>
<li><p>Safety zones have been identified and understood by all
firefighter</p></li>
</ol></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4"><ol start="23056" type="1">
<li><p>Entrapment</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Observe STANDARD FIRE ORDERS, WATCH OUT
SITUATIONS, AND LCES; train annually on these principles.</p>
<p>1b. Annual fire shelter deployment training.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">1-2 Snags, falling trees, debris rolling downhill</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>2a. Post lookouts.</p>
<p>2b. Fall hazardous trees and snags or flag and direct traffic around
hazardous trees.</p>
<p>2c. Alert crews continuously about rolling debris.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">1-3 Radiant heat, contact with burning debris</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>3a. Use standard PPE.</p>
<p>3b. Work at a suitable distance from fire.</p>
<p>3c. No patches or decals are allowed on nomex, fireshirts, or
tee-shirts.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">1-4 Poor visibility due to smoke or darkness</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>4a. Refer to STANDARD FIRE ORDERS</p>
<p>4b. Scout terrain during daylight or acquire a good map &amp; talk
with someone familiar with the area.</p>
<p>4c. Consider fire spread potential and values and risk versus safety
risks associated with suppression during darkness</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">1-5 Inhalation (dust, smoke, carbon monoxide)</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>5a. Use bandana or dust mask</p>
<p>5b. Avoidance to prolonged exposure; work upwind</p>
<p>5c. Training on CO and smoke hazards</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">1-6 Fatigue</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>6a. Limit shifts to 12 hours (when possible)</p>
<p>6b. Set a reasonable work pace</p>
<p>6c. Allow adequate rest breaks while on the fireline</p>
<p>6d. Provide showers and confortable eating areas</p>
<p>6e. Supply adequate nutrition and water</p>
<p>6f. Provide quite, shaded sleeping areas away from noise and dust.
Sign &amp; rope off sleeping areas</p>
<p>6g. Locate rest and recuperation sites away from running fire,
falling trees &amp; snags, rolling rocks, moving vehicles, heliports,
helispots, etc.</p>
<p>6h. Alert personnel to local elements</p>
<p>6i. Standard First Aid Training</p>
<p>6j. Comply with established Work/Rest Guidelines (2:1 work/rest
ratio, 1 day off in 14 days worked, 2 days off in 21 days
worked)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">1-7 Snakes &amp; Insects</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>7a. Insects</p>
<blockquote>
<p>–use standard PPE</p>
<p>–fasten pant cuffs to boot top</p>
<p>–repellents</p>
<p>–inspect body &amp; clothing twice daily; pay special attention to
crevices and creases</p>
<p>Snakes</p>
<p>–leave them alone</p>
<p>–keep alert</p>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">1-8 Poisonous Plants</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>8a. Use standard PPE</p>
<p>8b. Change clothing that come in contact with poisonous plants</p>
<p>8c. Wash exposed skin</p>
<p>8d. Avoid smoke of burning poisonous plants</p>
<p>8e. Learn to identify poisonous plants</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4"><p>1-9 Heat-related Illnesses</p>
<blockquote>
<p>– heat cramps</p>
<p>– heat exhaustion</p>
<p>– heat stroke</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="8"><p>9a. Reduce fatigue (#1-6)</p>
<p>9b. During period of continued extreme temperatures (90º +) crew
members must be monitored closely for signs of “heat syndrome” – heat
stroke, cramps, exhaustion</p>
<p>9c. Acclimatize crewmembers to hot weather activity gradually. Be
especially careful the first 2 or 3 days</p>
<p>9d. Set a moderate work pace and gradually slow down as temperatures
increase. Schedule the hardest work during the cooler morning &amp;
evening hours</p>
<p>9e. Keep plenty of water available &amp; encourage crewmembers to
drink it. Monitor canteens to ensure that crewmembers are getting their
needed liquids. Thirst alone will not make a person drink enough water.
Do not allow water for drinking to run out before you order more</p>
<p>9f. Crew members may want to eat less. High protein and other foods
increase metabolic heat production and water loss</p>
<p>9g. Have table salt readily available during meals, but <em>do
not</em> issue salt tablets</p>
<p>9h. Prevent sunburn</p>
<p>9i. Encourage crewmembers to keep their hardhats on in the sun. These
hats provide a very effective air conditioning system</p>
<p>9j. Encourage crew members to bathe or wash thoroughly each day to
keep their pores &amp; hair clean. Dirty, clogged skin and matted hair
slow down heat dissipation</p>
<p>9k. As the temperature increases, give crewmembers frequent rest
period of at least 15 minutes. Encourage them to relax in cool locations
if at all possible</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4"></td>
<td colspan="8">9l. No synthetic clothing should be worn (outer or under
garments). T-shirts and other under garments should be 100% cotton</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">1-10 Lightning &amp; Thunderstorms</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>10a. During a storm:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Stay out of dry creek beds</p></li>
<li><p>Put down all tools</p></li>
<li><p>If you are in open country, sit or lie down</p></li>
<li><p>Avoid grouping together</p></li>
<li><p>Do not handle flammable materials in open containers</p></li>
<li><p>Stay in your vehicle (unless it is metal-tracked). Take shelter
in vehicles if possible</p></li>
<li><p>When there is no shelter, avoid high objects such as lone trees.
If only isolated trees are nearby, the best protection is to crouch in
the open, keeping a distance of twice the height of the tree. Keep away
from wire fences, telephone line, and electrically conductive elevated
objects</p></li>
<li><p>Avoid tops of ridges, hilltops, wide-open spaces, outcrops of
rocks and sheds or shelters in exposed locations</p></li>
<li><p>Get away from horses and stock</p></li>
<li><p>Turn off generators &amp; electrical equipment</p></li>
</ul></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><ol start="2" type="1">
<li><p>Fire Vehicle Operation (general)</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">2-1 Defective vehicle</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a Conduct routine vehicle inspections</p>
<p>1b Ensure repairs are made on defective item</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">2-2 Rollovers (high center of gravity)</td>
<td colspan="8">2a Avoid side hills</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">2-3 Backing up (limited visibility)</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>3a Use guide and/or get out and look</p>
<p>3b Avoid backing situations</p>
<p>3c Equip vehicles with back-up warning device</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ol start="3" type="1">
<li><p>Fire Vehicle Operation (Fire Suppression)</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">3-1 Fire related hazards</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Operate engines in tandem</p>
<p>1b. Back in or turn around facing escape route</p>
<p>1c. Limit amount of hard line deployed (to allow for rapid movements
of vehicle)</p>
<p>1d. Avoid frontal attack with engines</p>
<p>1e. Personnel will not ride outside cab of moving vehicle</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="6"><ol start="4" type="1">
<li><p>Pump Operation (vehicle mounted)</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">4-1 Burns</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Use PPE</p>
<p>1b. Provide guards over muffler and exhaust pipe</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">4-2 Slips and falls</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>2a. Provide non-skid surface</p>
<p>2b. Clean up spills and fuels and retardants</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">4-3 Noise</td>
<td colspan="8">3a. Use PPE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">4-4 Fueling</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>4a. Move truck away from fire</p>
<p>4b. Turn engine off</p>
<p>4c. Allow engine to cool prior to fueling</p>
<p>4d. Use funnel or spout to avoid spills</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">4-5 Hose reels</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>5a. Use gloves</p>
<p>5b. Keep hands and loose clothing away from reel</p>
<p>5c. Avoid nozzle and couplings</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">4-6 Retardant, wetting agents, and foam
concentrates</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>6a. Avoid contact with skin</p>
<p>6b. Use PPE</p>
<p>6c. Avoid spills</p>
<p>6d. Flush contacted skin with water</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="6"><ol start="5" type="1">
<li><p>Pump Operation (portable pump)</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">5-1 Slips and falls</td>
<td colspan="8">1a. Use extra caution working in wet areas</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">5-2 Noise</td>
<td colspan="8">2a. Use PPE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">5-3 Broken hoses</td>
<td colspan="8">3a. Shut down and replace broken hoses asap</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">5-4 Flying debris</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>4a. Use PPE</p>
<p>4b. Avoid excessive nozzle pressure and keep nozzles a safe distance
from the ground</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">5-5 Lifting strains</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>5a. Lift with two people</p>
<p>5b. Use proper lifting techniques</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">5-6 Burns</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>6a. Use PPE</p>
<p>6b. Use extra caution around muffler and exhaust pipe</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="3"><ol start="6" type="1">
<li><p>Walking, Hiking, Climbing</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">6-1 Night Travel</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Use headlamp</p>
<p>1b. Keep 10-foot spacing between people</p>
<p>1c. Reduce rate of travel – slow down</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">6-2 Carrying Equipment</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>2a. Carry tool on downhill side</p>
<p>2b. Leave guards on tools</p>
<p>2c. Other equipment on pack frames</p>
<p>2d. Limit load to 40 or 50 pounds</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">6-3 Walking, Working in burned-over area</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>3a. Refer to GENERAL FIRE HAZARDS</p>
<p>3b. Watch for burned-out stump holes</p>
<p>3c. Flag or otherwise identify hazardous areas</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ol start="7" type="1">
<li><p>Hand Tool Use</p></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>– Shovel</p>
<p>– Pulaski</p>
<p>– Axe</p>
<p>– McLeod</p>
<p>– Combination Tool</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="4"><p>7-1 Blisters/slivers</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Foot and leg injuries</p>
<p>Head injury</p>
<p>Slips &amp; falls</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Check handles and tool heads for tightness and
condition</p>
<p>1b. Use PPE</p>
<p>1c. Use tool guard when tool is not in use</p>
<p>1d. When not being used, place tool on ground in plain sight</p>
<p>1e. Take a comfortable stance with feet spread and well anchored</p>
<p>1f. Check for overhead hazards</p>
<p>1g. Maintain a 10-foot distance between personnel</p>
<p>1h. Identify tools needing repair</p>
<p>1i. Never throw tools</p>
<p>1j. Training (S-130)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ol start="8" type="1">
<li><p>Hand Tool Maintenance</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">8-1 Cuts, Punctures</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Use PPE</p>
<p>1b. File must have handle and guard</p>
<p>1c. Sharpen away from cutting edge</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="4"><ol start="9" type="1">
<li><p>Chainsaws (Use &amp; Maintenance)</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4"><p>9-1 Cutting Hazards</p>
<blockquote>
<p>– Cuts (lacerations)</p>
<p>– Eye and ear damage</p>
<p>– Falling debris</p>
<p>– Log kickbacks and barber chairs</p>
<p>– Saw kickbacks</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Use PPE</p>
<p>1b. Chaps and hearing protection</p>
<p>1c. Post lookout (swamper)</p>
<p>1d. Only trained personnel will operate chainsaws (S-212)</p>
<p>1e. Be alert for kickback when cutting material 2 inches in
diameter</p>
<p>1f. Never cut limbs; stand to the side of the cut while bucking</p>
<p>1g. Always keep your weight well balanced on both feet when cutting.
Prevent loss of balance by being ready to pull up on the saw as it cuts
through the material</p>
<p>1h. Throttle up to full speed before letting the chain contact the
wood</p>
<p>1i. Do not throttle down before the cut has been completed</p>
<p>1j. Never cut at partial throttle, as clutch will slip and burn</p>
<p>1k. Stop if saw become pinched or wedged</p>
<p>1l. As soon as cutting load is removed, release the throttle
trigger</p>
<p>1m. Never cut above waist height or while over-reaching</p>
<p>1n. Move away from the saw if you lose control</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4"><p>9-2 Refueling Hazards</p>
<blockquote>
<p>– Burns</p>
<p>– Fire and explosion</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="8"><p>2a. Designate an area on mineral soil for storing
fuel and oil</p>
<p>2b. Stop the saw when checking fuel or bar oil levels and when
refueling</p>
<p>2c. Outdoors, refuel at least 50 feet from persons smoking or other
potential sources of ignition</p>
<p>2d. Make sure saw is cool</p>
<p>2e. Fill tank on bare ground or other noncombustible surface</p>
<p>2f. Wipe spilled fuel off saw</p>
<p>2g. Never start the saw within 10 feet of the fueling area</p>
<p>2h. Avoid fuel spills on clothes</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4"><p>9-3 Carrying Hazards</p>
<blockquote>
<p>– Cuts</p>
<p>– Slips and falls</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="8"><p>3a. Stop saw before carrying</p>
<p>3b. Point bar forward when going downhill and the saw is at the side.
Point the bar to the rear when going uphill and the saw is at the
side</p>
<p>3c. Pack and guard bar and dogs when carrying saw on the
shoulder</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4"><p>9-4 Field Maintenance Hazards</p>
<blockquote>
<p>– Muffler burns</p>
<p>– Cuts and abrasions</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="8"><p>4a. Use PPE</p>
<p>4b. Let saw cool</p>
<p>4c. Use handle and guard on files</p>
<p>4d. Use bar guard</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="6"><ol start="10" type="1">
<li><p>Mop-up &amp; Water Application</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">10-1 Burns</td>
<td colspan="8">1a. Use PPE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">10-2 Sprains</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>2a. Avoid stepping in holes or depressions</p>
<p>2b. Warn crew of such dangers</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">10-3 Flying debris</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>3a. Use PPE (especially, goggles)</p>
<p>3b. Avoid excessive nozzle pressure and keep nozzles a safe distance
from the ground</p>
<p>3c. Use fog stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">10-4 Carbon Monoxide concentrations of smoldering
fuels</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>4a. Limit work shifts in concentrations of smoldering
fuels</p>
<p>4b. Take breaks and camp in areas which minimize exposure to Carbon
Monoxide</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">10-5 Snags</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>5a. Flag hazardous trees</p>
<p>5b. Use lookouts</p>
<p>5c. Work in pairs</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">10-6 Lackadaisical attitude</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>6a. Be alert</p>
<p>6b. Keep the lookup, look down, look around attitude at all
times</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><ol start="11" type="1">
<li><p>Dozer Operations</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">11-1 Falling Debris</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Do not work downhill of dozers</p>
<p>1b. Do not work within 100 feet of heavy equipment</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">11-2 Being run over</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>2a. Never approach moving heavy equipment</p>
<p>2b. Utilize a swamper – do not work heavy equipment alone</p>
<p>2c. Do not work within 100 feet of heavy equipment</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="3"><ol start="12" type="1">
<li><p>Firing Operations</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">12-1 Burns</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Use PPE</p>
<p>1b. Avoid spills</p>
<p>1c. Change clothing that has had fuels spilled on it</p>
<p>1d. Proper training on firing operations (S-234)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">12-2 Explosions</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>2a. Use proper fuel mixture</p>
<p>2b. Use safety cans for transporting fuel</p>
<p>2c. Proper grounding of larger containers</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">12-3 Fumes/Inhalation</td>
<td colspan="8">3a. Mix fuels in adequately ventilated areas</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ol start="13" type="1">
<li><p>Hazardous Materials</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
<td colspan="8"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td rowspan="2"><ol start="14" type="1">
<li><p>Retardant Use</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">14-1 Impact from falling retardant and/or flying
debris</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Wear PPE</p>
<p>1b. Move out of drop area</p>
<p>1c. Stay clear of large old trees/snags and loose
rocks/debris</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">14-2 Slips &amp; falls</td>
<td colspan="8">2a. Retardant is slick when wet . . . walk &amp; drive
slowly and carefully through these areas</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ol start="15" type="1">
<li><p>Helicopter Bucket Drops</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">15-1 Impact from water drops and/or flying debris</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a. Wear PPE</p>
<p>1b. Move out of drop area</p>
<p>1c. Stay clear of large old trees/snags and loose
rocks/debris</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td rowspan="8"><ol start="16" type="1">
<li><p>Fire Shelter Deployment</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4">16-1 Shelter in poor condition</td>
<td colspan="8">1a. Check shelter periodically for rips, tears and
date</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">16-2 Not knowing proper deployment procedures</td>
<td colspan="8">2a. Training</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">16-3 Deployment in dense fuels</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>3a. Clear area</p>
<p>3b. Deploy in light fuels</p>
<p>3c. Scout a safety zone</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">16-4 Hesitation and timely deployment</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>4a. Follow crew leader orders</p>
<p>4b. Drop all equipment and run to safety zone</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">16-5 Lungs and airway threatened</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>5a. Face down in dirt</p>
<p>5b. Hold shelter down with gloved hands and feet</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">16-6 Bad positioning in shelter</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>6a. Feet toward on-coming fire</p>
<p>6b. Hold shelter down with gloved hands and feet</p>
<p>6c. Get rid of line gear because of flammable material
inside</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="4">16-7 Exiting shelter prematurely</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>7a. Communicate with crew</p>
<p>7b. Wait until supervisor lets you know it is safe to come
out</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="4">16-8 No gloves</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>8a. Keep gloves on</p>
<p>8b. Have a spare pair readily available</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><ol start="17" type="1">
<li><p>Physical Fitness Training</p></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>– Work Capacity Testing</p>
<p>– Running</p>
<p>– Weight Lifting</p>
<p>– Sit-ups, Push-ups, Pull-ups</p>
</blockquote></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
<td colspan="8"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><ol start="18" type="1">
<li><p>Urban Interface Fire Suppression</p></li>
</ol></td>
<td colspan="4"><p>18-1 <strong><span class="smallcaps">Structural
<em>Watch-out</em> Situations</span></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>Wooden construction, shake roofs</p></li>
<li><p>Poor access, narrow one-way roads</p></li>
<li><p>Inadequate water supply</p></li>
<li><p>Natural fuels 30 feet or closer to structures</p></li>
<li><p>Extreme fire behavior</p></li>
<li><p>Strong winds (25 mph plus)</p></li>
<li><p>Evacuation of public = panic</p></li>
<li><p>Structures located in chimneys, box or narrow canyons, on slopes
30% or more in continuous, flashy fuel types</p></li>
<li><p>Bridge load limits</p></li>
</ul></td>
<td colspan="8"><p>1a Wear full PPE</p>
<p>1b. Keep at least 100 gallons of water reserve in engine tank for
your protection. Never pass up an available water source when tank is
less than full</p>
<p>1c. Have a dedicated protective line for your crew and engine</p>
<p>1d. Park engine in safe area, with front toward escape route. Do not
block escape routes. Back into driveways, or narrow access roads</p>
<p>1e. Use 1½ inche lines when possible</p>
<p>1f. Post lookouts as needed</p>
<p>1g. Do not park in saddles or chimneys</p>
<p>1h. Do not enter a burning structure</p>
<p>1i. Observe and do not exceed bridge load limits</p>
<p>1j. Utilize law enforcement authorities to conduct evacuations and
maintain traffic control</p>
<p>1k. Keep headlights and warning light on for increased
visibility</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="4">18-2 Power lines</td>
<td colspan="8"><p>2a. Downed conductor on vehicle: do not leave vehicle
until power company arrives</p>
<p>2b. Do not operate heavy equipment under power lines</p>
<p>2c. Do not use rights-of-way as a jump or cargo drop spot</p>
<p>2d. Do not drive with long antennas under power lines</p>
<p>2e. Do not fue vehicles under power lines</p>
<p>2f. Do not stand near power lines during retardant drops</p>
<p>2g. Do not park under power lines</p>
<p>2h. Do not apply straight stream to power line</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
<td colspan="8"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
<td colspan="8"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
<td colspan="8"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td colspan="4"></td>
<td colspan="8"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>