96M03/29/06

S562-96M.doc

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  Include the following with projects requiring temporary works:

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**Section 562. - FORMS AND FALSEWORK**

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**Section 562. -- TEMPORARY WORKS**

**Description**

**562.01** This work consists of the design, construction, inspection,
and removal of temporary works for the construction and repair of
permanent structures. Temporary works includes all temporary facilities
used in construction that do not become part of the permanent structure.
Such temporary works include, but are not limited to, falsework,
formwork, cofferdams, and excavation supports.

**Material**

**562.02** Select material consistent with the safety and quality
required by the design assumptions. Furnish manufactured devices
complying with the *Certification Program for Bridge Temporary Works*
(FHWA-RD-93-033).

**Design Requirements**

**562.03 Design.** Design and construct safe and adequate temporary
works that will support all loads imposed and provide the necessary
rigidity to produce in the final structure, the lines and grades shown
on the plans. Design temporary works according to the *AASHTO Guide
Design Specification for Bridge Temporary Works*. When a manufactured
device is to be employed, ensure that the design load on the device is
within the load rating recommended by the manufacturer. Design falsework
and forms supporting deck slabs and overhangs on girder bridges so that
there will be no differential settlement between the girders and the
deck forms during placement of deck concrete.

**562.04 Drawings.** Prepare and submit drawings according to Subsection
104.03. Furnish design calculations and supporting data in sufficient
detail to permit a structural and safety review of the proposed design.
Show all information necessary to allow the design of all components to
be checked independently. When manufactured devices are used as a part
of the temporary works, provide catalog or equivalent data indicating
the manufacturer\'s recommended safe load capacities of the devices.

When concrete placement is involved, indicate on the drawings the
proposed sequence, rate of placement, direction of placement, and
location of all construction joints. Show anticipated total settlements
and/or deflections of the falsework and forms on the drawings. Include
falsework footing settlements, joint take-up, and deflection of beams or
girders.

For steel girder erection, submit the erection procedure and temporary
support system. Include calculations in sufficient detail to
substantiate that the girder geometry is correct. Design supporting
falsework to accommodate the erection procedure without over stressing
the structural steel and to produce the required final structural
geometry, intended continuity, and structural action. See Subsection
555.06 for additional requirements.

Do not start construction of any temporary work for which drawings are
required until the drawings have been accepted by the CO.

**Construction Requirements**

**562.05 Foundations.** Determine the allowable bearing capacity of the
foundation material on which the supports for temporary works will rest.
Perform load tests to verify proposed bearing capacity values that are
in doubt, marginal or in other high risk situations.

Foundation support values shown in the contract for the permanent
structure may be used in the design of falsework foundations provided
foundations are at the same elevation and on the same soil as those of
the permanent structure. If temporary works are to be supported on
temporary fill, construct the fill according to Section 204 and verify
the bearing capacity of the placed material.

Provide adequate site drainage and soil protection to ensure the
integrity of the foundation material for the temporary works supports.

If piles are used, capacities may be estimated and later confirmed
during construction using standard procedures based on the driving
characteristics of the pile. In the absence of more sophisticated
methods of determining pile capacity, use the dynamic formula according
to Section 551 to determine ultimate pile capacity. The Contractor may
elect to use load tests to confirm the estimated capacities. Perform
load tests to verify bearing capacity values that are in doubt, marginal
or in other high risk situations.

Submit all foundation design calculations and other relevant foundation
design data to the CO for acceptance.

**562.06 Construction.** Construct temporary works according to the
accepted drawings. Use material and workmanship consistent with that
assumed in the design of the temporary works.

Do not weld falsework members to any portion of the permanent structure
unless it is shown on the accepted drawings.

Provide tell-tales with surveyed measurements, or other acceptable
means, for accurate measurement of falsework settlement. Do not use the
ground surface near falsework supports as a reference elevation. During
concrete placement, record settlement to the nearest 2 millimeters.
Anticipated compressive settlement and/or deflection of falsework shall
not exceed 25 millimeters. For cast-in-place concrete structures, the
calculated deflection of falsework flexural members shall not exceed
1/360 of their span regardless of whether or not the deflection is
compensated by camber strips.

**562.07 Maintenance and Inspection.** Inspect and maintain temporary
works in an acceptable condition throughout the period of use. Clearly
mark the capacity of each manufactured device according to the
*Certification Program for Bridge Temporary Works*.

In the presence of the CO, perform an in-depth inspection of the
temporary works not more than 24 hours before beginning each concrete
placement or before allowing people to enter a cofferdam or excavation
support structure. Inspect other temporary works at least once a month
to ensure they are functioning properly. Inspect shoring and load test
support systems before loading.

Make inspections and certifications according to the *Certification
Program for Bridge Temporary Works*. Furnish written results of the
inspections to the CO before placing concrete, allowing people to enter
a cofferdam or excavation support structure, or loading temporary works.
Include a certification that the system meets the requirements of the
contract and the drawings.

**562.08 Removal.** Remove temporary works in such a manner as to permit
the structure to uniformly and gradually take the stresses due to its
own mass.

Unless otherwise permitted, remove all temporary works upon completion
of the work. Do not disturb or damage the finished work. Restore the
area to its original or planned condition. Clean up all debris. The
removed temporary works remain the property of the Contractor.

**562.09 Acceptance.** Temporary works will be evaluated under
Subsections 106.02, 106.03, and 106.04.

**Measurement and Payment**

**562.10 Forms.** See Subsection 109.05.

Do not measure temporary works for payment.