+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| **IOC Posters as of    |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| 6.19.08**              |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Acevedo, M., E.        | EVALUATION OF PARTIAL RESISTANCE TO |   |   |   |   |
| Jackson, J. Chong,     | CROWN RUST OF OAT CONFERRED BY      |   |   |   |   |
| H.W. Rines, Stephen A. | MN841801-1 IN TWO RECOMBINANT       |   |   |   |   |
| Harrison, A. Bateman,  | INBRED POPULATIONS                  |   |   |   |   |
| J.M. Bonman            |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Beattie, Aaron D. ,    | An Oat (Avena sativa L.) cDNA       |   |   |   |   |
| Peter E. Eckstein, Tom | Library Derived from Three Seed     |   |   |   |   |
| Zatorski, Graham J.    | Development Stages                  |   |   |   |   |
| Scoles, Brian G.       |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Rossnagel              |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Bräutigam, Marcus,     | DEVELOPMENT OF A SCANDINAVIAN       |   |   |   |   |
| Aakash Chawade,        | WINTER OAT BY MOLECULAR BREEDING    |   |   |   |   |
| Rickard Jonsson, Per   |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Sikora and Olof Olsson |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Cabral, A.L.,          | SSR Variability in Wild Oat         |   |   |   |   |
| Karaoglu, H. and Park, | Accessions of *Avena strigosa* and  |   |   |   |   |
| R.F                    | *A. barbata*                        |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Carson, M.L. and H.W.  | *Avena barbata*, a potential source |   |   |   |   |
| Rines                  | of new crown rust resistance in oat |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Chakroun, M., M.B.     | Improving productivity of oats as   |   |   |   |   |
| Allagui, S. Ben        | priority forage species in Tunisia  |   |   |   |   |
| Youssef, I Hemmami, H. |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Sltani, and S. Haffani |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Chawade, Aakash, Per   | DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-LIGNIN OAT       |   |   |   |   |
| Sikora, Marcus         |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Bräutigam, and Olof    |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Olsson                 |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Chawade, Aakash, Per   | DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF |   |   |   |   |
| Sikora, Montedar All   | A TILLING POPULATION IN OAT         |   |   |   |   |
| Nakash, Marcus         |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Bräutigam, Tingsu Chen |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| and Olof Olsson        |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Cossani, C.M., R.      | Do cereals differ in grain weight   |   |   |   |   |
| Savin, and C.A. Slafer | stability?                          |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Cowan, Alexander ,     | Development of high oil winter and  |   |   |   |   |
| Brian Middleton,       | spring naked oats and release of    |   |   |   |   |
| Dilwyn Jones and John  | cultivar Racoon                     |   |   |   |   |
| Valentine              |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Cowan, Alexander,      | Use and Development of NIR          |   |   |   |   |
| Brian Middleton,       | Spectroscopy for Quality Assessment |   |   |   |   |
| Dilwyn Jones, John     | on Oats                             |   |   |   |   |
| Valentine, and Sue     |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Lister                 |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Cowan, Alexander, Dave | Can we breed feed oats which lower  |   |   |   |   |
| Davies, Dave Leemans,  | methane production by ruminants?    |   |   |   |   |
| Athole Marshall and    |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| John Valentine         |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| da Maia, Luciano       | A Survey on Microsatellite loci in  |   |   |   |   |
| Carlos, Fernando Irajá | Oat-ESTs                            |   |   |   |   |
| Félix de Carvalho and  |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Antonio Costa de       |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Oliveira               |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Diederichsen, Axel     | TWO METHODS FOR DUPLICATION         |   |   |   |   |
|                        | ASSESSMENTS WITHIN NORDIC OAT       |   |   |   |   |
|                        | ACCESSIONS AT THE CANADIAN NATIONAL |   |   |   |   |
|                        | GENEBANK                            |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| DUMLUPINAR, Ziya ,     | Correlation and Path Analyses of    |   |   |   |   |
| Rukiye KARA, Tevrican  | Grain Yield and Yield               |   |   |   |   |
| DOKUYUCU and Aydın     |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| AKKAYA                 | Components of some Turkish Oat      |   |   |   |   |
|                        | Genotypes                           |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Eckstein, Beattie,     | Genic microsattelite markers from   |   |   |   |   |
| Rossnagel, Zatorski,   | expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of   |   |   |   |   |
| Scoles                 | developing oat seed                 |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Eckstein, Rossnagel,   | DArTs without the DArT board: the   |   |   |   |   |
| Scoles                 | application of individual DArT      |   |   |   |   |
|                        | markers to marker-assisted          |   |   |   |   |
|                        | selection                           |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Frégeau-Reid\*,        | Number of locations and             |   |   |   |   |
| Judith, Weikai Yan,    | replications for determining oat    |   |   |   |   |
| Jennifer Mitchell      | yield and quality traits in Canada  |   |   |   |   |
| Fetch, Denis Pageau,   |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Richard Martin, Julie  |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Lajeunesse, Dorothy    |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Sibbitt, Brad de Haan, |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Allan Cummiskey, John  |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Rowsell, Peter Scott,  |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Mark Etienne, Ellen    |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Sparry, Julie Durand,  |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| and Cécile Tétreault   |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Fregeau-Reid, Judith,  | Current Status of Oat FHB in        |   |   |   |   |
| Sylvie Rioux, Denis    | Eastern Canada                      |   |   |   |   |
| Pageau, Julie          |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Lajeunesse, Brad de    |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Haan, Lily             |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Tamburic-Ilincic,      |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Richard Martin, Marc   |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Savard, Allen Xue,     |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Weikai Yan             |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Gavrilova O., Gagkaeva | Susceptibility of oat germplasm to  |   |   |   |   |
| T., Burkin A.,         | Fusarium infection and mycotoxin    |   |   |   |   |
| Kononenko G., Loskutov | accumulation in grains              |   |   |   |   |
| I.                     |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Griffiths, Irene, Glyn | Dissecting the Components of Yield  |   |   |   |   |
| Jenkins, Alexander     | in Oats                             |   |   |   |   |
| Cowan and Catherine    |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Howarth                |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Hietaniemi, Veli ,     | FUSARIUM TOXINS IN OATS IN FINLAND  |   |   |   |   |
| Sari Rämö, Tauno       | SINCE 1999                          |   |   |   |   |
| Koivisto, Mirja Kartio |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| and Sari Peltonen      |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Howarth\*, Catherine , | The use of genetic mapping to       |   |   |   |   |
| Alexander Cowan, Mike  | access and understand valuable      |   |   |   |   |
| Leggett and Tim        | traits in wild relatives of the     |   |   |   |   |
| Langdon                | cultivated oat                      |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Howarth\*, Catherine,  | Development of markers associated   |   |   |   |   |
| Alexander Cowan, John  | with traits of agronomic importance |   |   |   |   |
| Valentine and Tim      | in winter oats                      |   |   |   |   |
| Langdon                |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Hu, Xinzhong, and      | Relationship between Lipase         |   |   |   |   |
| Changzhong Ren         | Activity and Oats Kernel Physical   |   |   |   |   |
|                        | Characters                          |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Hubner, F., E.K.       | Influence of germination conditions |   |   |   |   |
| Huttner, and E.K.      | on the quality of oat malt          |   |   |   |   |
| Arendt                 |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Huttner, E.K., F. Dal  | Effect of high-pressure treatment   |   |   |   |   |
| Bello, K. Poutanen, L. | on oat batters                      |   |   |   |   |
| Flander, E.K. Arendt   |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Jackson, Eric, J.      | EXPANSION OF OAT-BASED              |   |   |   |   |
| Anderson, D. Obert, G. | MICROSATELLITE RESOURCES USING BOTH |   |   |   |   |
| Hu, and M. Bonman      | DIRECTDRIECT AND INDIRECT           |   |   |   |   |
|                        | STRATEGIES                          |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Katsiotis,A., N.       | Molecular diversity and             |   |   |   |   |
| Nikoloudakis and A.    | phylogenetic relationships in the   |   |   |   |   |
| Drossou                | genus Avena                         |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Klose, C., B.D.        | Protein changes during malting of   |   |   |   |   |
| Schehl, E.D. Huttner,  | oats                                |   |   |   |   |
| and E.K. Arendt        |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Ksontini, S.H. and M.  | Morphological evaluation of         |   |   |   |   |
| Chakroun               | selected oat species from Tunisia   |   |   |   |   |
|                        | and Morocco                         |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Lanoie, N., Collin,    | Environment and Herbicides Effects  |   |   |   |   |
| J., Frégeau-Reid, J.,  | on the Quantity of Covered Grains   |   |   |   |   |
| Pageau, D.,            | in Naked Oat                        |   |   |   |   |
| Lajeunesse, J.,        |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Durand, J., Vanasse,   |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| A.                     |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Lanoie, N., Collin,    | Environment and Herbicides Effects  |   |   |   |   |
| J., Frégeau-Reid, J.,  | on Oil Content and Fatty Acid       |   |   |   |   |
| Pageau, D.,            | Composition in Naked Oat            |   |   |   |   |
| Lajeunesse, J.,        |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Durand, J., Vanasse,   |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| A. .                   |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Lazo, Gerard R., David | Getting Your Fill Of Fiber Within   |   |   |   |   |
| E. Matthews, Victoria  | The GrainGenes Resource             |   |   |   |   |
| C. Blake, David L.     |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Hane, John P. Lee, and |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Olin D. Anderson       |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Lengauer, Karl and     | Traditional Austrian Bread and      |   |   |   |   |
| Elisabeth Zechner      | Rolls with New Oat Variety "        |   |   |   |   |
|                        | Efesos"                             |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Loskutov, I.G.         | Results of oat breeding in Russia   |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Loskutov, Igor G.      | Strength and weakness of covered    |   |   |   |   |
|                        | and naked oat:                      |   |   |   |   |
|                        |                                     |   |   |   |   |
|                        | approaches and perspectives         |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Malik, R.S. and        | Agronomic performance and quality   |   |   |   |   |
| Paynter, B.H.          | of dwarf milling oats in Western    |   |   |   |   |
|                        | Australian environments             |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Maloney, P., J.        | Additional Markers added to the     |   |   |   |   |
| Lyerly, D. Wooten, J.  | Fulghum/Norline Genetic Map and QTL |   |   |   |   |
| M. Anderson, D.        | Scan for Winter Hardiness Traits in |   |   |   |   |
| Livingston III, G.     | Avena sativa                        |   |   |   |   |
| Brown-Guedira, D.      |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Marshall, and J. P.    |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Murphy                 |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| May, W.E. , C.H.       | Management Practices Change the     |   |   |   |   |
| Holzapfel and G.P.     | Responsiveness of Oats to Nitrogen  |   |   |   |   |
| Lafond                 | Fertilizer                          |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| McDevitt, James E      | LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FOR PLANT     |   |   |   |   |
|                        | BREEDING: AN EXAMPLE USING PORRIDGE |   |   |   |   |
|                        | oats                                |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Mitchell Fetch, J. W., | FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT OF OAT:        |   |   |   |   |
| A. Tekauz, B.G.        | IDENTIFYING RESISTANT OAT BREEDING  |   |   |   |   |
| Rossnagel, and M. E.   | LINES AT AAFC-CRC                   |   |   |   |   |
| Savard                 |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Mitchell Fetch, J. W.  | SKELETONS IN THE OAT CLOSET; FROM   |   |   |   |   |
| and T.F. Townley-Smith | JOANETTE TO JORDAN                  |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Molnar, Stephen J. ,   | LOCATING THE DW6 DWARFING LOCUS     |   |   |   |   |
| Julie Chapados, Bonnie | USING NILS                          |   |   |   |   |
| Bancroft and Solomon   |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Kibite \#              |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Molnar, Stephen J. and | SCAR AND CAPS MOLECULAR MARKERS     |   |   |   |   |
| Winson Orr             | LINKED TO QUALITY TRAITS IN OAT     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Moore, M.M.,           | Assessment of the suitability of a  |   |   |   |   |
| Wijngaard, H.H.,       | range of gluten-free cereals for    |   |   |   |   |
| Renzetti, S., Delcour, | their potential use in gluten-free  |   |   |   |   |
| J.A., Courtin, C.M.,   | bread                               |   |   |   |   |
| Huttner, E. K.and      |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Arendt, E.K.           |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Nava, Itamar C.,       | Molecular characterization of       |   |   |   |   |
| Charlene P. Wight,     | factors affecting flowering time in |   |   |   |   |
| Luiz C. Federizzi1,    | hexaploid oat                       |   |   |   |   |
| Nicholas A. Tinker     |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Nedomova, Lenka        | Breeding progress in oat cultivars  |   |   |   |   |
|                        | of the Czech and Czechoslovak       |   |   |   |   |
|                        | origin, assessment of their         |   |   |   |   |
|                        | similarity                          |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Nedomova, Lenka, Peter | Grain Quality Characteristics in    |   |   |   |   |
| Hozlar, Daniela        | Oats Under Conditions of the Czech  |   |   |   |   |
| Dvoncova, Ivana        | Republic and Slovak Republic        |   |   |   |   |
| Polisenska             |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Nikoloudakis N. and A. | Genomic interactions among Avena    |   |   |   |   |
| Katsiotis              | interspecific hybrids and species   |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Parikka, Päivi, Veli   | Fusarium langsethiae Infection and  |   |   |   |   |
| Hietaniemi, Sari Rämö  | Mycotoxin Contents of Oats          |   |   |   |   |
| and Heikki Jalli       |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Pisulewska, Elżbieta,  | The yield and chemical composition  |   |   |   |   |
| Florian Gambuś,        | of black-husked and yellow-husked   |   |   |   |   |
| Andrzej Lepiarczyk,    | forms of oats                       |   |   |   |   |
| Robert Witkowicz       |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Polisenska, Ivana,     | Fusarium Mycotoxins in Oat          |   |   |   |   |
| Lenka Nedomova, Ludvik | Varieties                           |   |   |   |   |
| Tvaruzek               |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Rines, Howard W.,      | Suppressors of Oat Crown Rust       |   |   |   |   |
| Hedera L. Porter, and  | Resistance in Interspecific Oat     |   |   |   |   |
| Martin L. Carson       | Crosses                             |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| SAIDI N. and C. AL     | Performance of the Quaker           |   |   |   |   |
| FAIZ                   | International oat nurseries         |   |   |   |   |
|                        |                                     |   |   |   |   |
|                        | under Moroccan ecological           |   |   |   |   |
|                        | conditions                          |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| SHEIDAI, MASOUD        | Cytogenetic and morphological       |   |   |   |   |
|                        | diversity of the genus Avena L. in  |   |   |   |   |
|                        | Iran                                |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Shelukhina, O. Yu,     | Study of genus Avena L. with in     |   |   |   |   |
| E.D. Badaeva, I.G.     | situ hybridization with 5S и 45S    |   |   |   |   |
| Loskutov, V.A.         | rDNA probe                          |   |   |   |   |
| Pukhalsky              |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Sikora, Per, Aakash    | IDENTIFICATION OF ß-GLUCAN          |   |   |   |   |
| Chawade, Marcus        | BIOSYNTHESIS MUTANTS IN OAT         |   |   |   |   |
| Bräutigam and Olof     |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Olsson                 |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Stuthman, D.D., N.     | A "Pan-American" Approach to        |   |   |   |   |
| Formento , E.J.        | Durable Crown Rust Resistance       |   |   |   |   |
| Jackson, M.L. Carson,  |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| A. McElroy, E. Di      |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Nucci                  |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Tanhuanpää, Pirjo,     | QTLs Associated with Breeding       |   |   |   |   |
| Elina Kiviharju, Outi  | Characteristics in Oat DH Mapping   |   |   |   |   |
| Manninen, Alan         | Population                          |   |   |   |   |
| Schulman, Ruslan       |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Kalendar, Merja        |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Eurola, Veli           |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Hietaniemi, Marja      |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Jalli and Leena        |                                     |   |   |   |   |
| Pietilä                |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Wight, Charlene P.,    | Multiple Alleles with Multiple      |   |   |   |   |
| Weikai Yan, Jitka      | Applications: A New Set of SSR and  |   |   |   |   |
| Deyl, K. and Nicholas  | Avenin DNA Markers for Oat          |   |   |   |   |
| A. Tinker              |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Winter, B. and R.      | Tolerance of forage oat cultivars   |   |   |   |   |
| Uebergang              | to high soil temperatures at        |   |   |   |   |
|                        | planting                            |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Winter, B., and R.     | Developing superior forage oat      |   |   |   |   |
| Uebergang              | cultivars for subtropical Australia |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Winter, B., G. Fox and | Characterization of forage oat      |   |   |   |   |
| R. Uebergang           | cultivars for forage quality        |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Zechner, Elisabeth     | Effects of harrowing to organically |   |   |   |   |
|                        | cultivated oat varieties in Austria |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Zegeye, T., D. Somers, | Identification of an AFLP molecular |   |   |   |   |
| T. Fetch\* and L.      | marker for oat stem rust resistance |   |   |   |   |
| Lamari.                | in the diploid Avena strigosa       |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Zhang, Zongwen, Enlai  | Core collection development and     |   |   |   |   |
| Zhang, Bin Wu Tianyu   | validation of Chinese oat germplasm |   |   |   |   |
| Wang, Yu Li            |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
| Zwer, Pamela, Robert   | GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCE  |   |   |   |   |
| Asenstorfer, Michelle  | ON THE CONCENTRATION OF             |   |   |   |   |
| Lorimer, Michelle      | AVENANTHRAMIDES IN AUSTRALIAN OAT   |   |   |   |   |
| Williams, Sue Hoppo,   | VARIETIES                           |   |   |   |   |
| and Peter McCormack    |                                     |   |   |   |   |
+------------------------+-------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+