+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ![](media/image1.jp   | Module 16                                    |
| eg){width="1.90625in" |                                              |
| height="1             | **Professional Ethics**                      |
| .8729166666666666in"} |                                              |
+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------+

+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
|                |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Purpose**    | To provide you with the necessary attitudes,        |
|                | motivation, and knowledge to apply ethical conduct  |
|                | to HIV rapid testing.                               |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **P            | Module 5. Assuring Quality of HIV Rapid Testing     |
| re-requisite** |                                                     |
|                |                                                     |
| **Modules**    |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Learning     | At the end of this module, you will be able to:     |
| Objectives**   |                                                     |
|                | -   Describe ethical issues related to HIV rapid    |
|                |     testing                                         |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   Explain the importance of professional ethics   |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   Apply ethical conduct to HIV rapid testing      |
|                |                                                     |
|                | -   Take appropriate actions to maintain client     |
|                |     confidentiality                                 |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Content      | > What is ethics?                                   |
| Outline**      | >                                                   |
|                | > Why is ethics important?                          |
|                | >                                                   |
|                | > Who is responsible for ethics?                    |
|                | >                                                   |
|                | > How is ethics applied to HIV rapid testing?       |
|                | >                                                   |
|                | > Maintaining confidentiality                       |
|                | >                                                   |
|                | > Code of conduct                                   |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Handouts**   | Guidelines for Ethical Behavior (ASCP)              |
|                |                                                     |
|                | Code of Ethics (IFBLS)                              |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ![](media      | Provide national policy on ethics or code of        |
| /image2.wmf){w | conduct.                                            |
| idth="0.491666 |                                                     |
| 66666666664in" |                                                     |
| height="0.     |                                                     |
| 44166666666666 |                                                     |
| 665in"}**Notes |                                                     |
| on             |                                                     |
| C              |                                                     |
| ustomization** |                                                     |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Scenario I**                      

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

A pregnant woman comes for HIV testing. Your test site has just run out
of the 2nd test in the algorithm. You tell her that she will have to
come back in 2 days. She becomes very emotional and explains that she
has traveled a long distance after finally deciding to get tested and
won\'t be back in the area for a long time.

Feeling sorry for her, you proceed to perform test one, and report a
resulting positive test to the client.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > What are the issues here?                                           |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                         |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > What is the right thing to do?                                      |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                   |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| What are the consequences if you don't do the right thing?            |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                   |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Scenario II**                     

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

At the HIV rapid testing site, you discover that you just run out of the
buffer for Test 1 of the algorithm. Rather than denying testing to
clients, you decide to go ahead and perform Test 1 using the buffer from
kits of Test 2.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > What are the issues here?                                           |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                         |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > What is the right thing to do?                                      |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                   |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| What are the consequences if you don't do the right thing?            |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                   |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Scenario III**                    

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

Today is Monday. You discover that there are enough test devices to last
through the entire week, but they will expire on Wednesday.

Since resources are tight and you don't want to waste any test kits (it
is only a couple of days past expiration anyway), you decide to use the
test devices until the end of the week.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > What are the issues here?                                           |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                         |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > What is the right thing to do?                                      |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                   |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| What are the consequences if you don't do the right thing?            |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                   |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
  **Scenario IV**                     

  ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

Rick, the tester, is excited about getting home at the end of his work
day, because a relative he hasn't seen in quite some time is scheduled
to arrive. Right before he is ready to leave, he gets distracted by a
phone call and forgets to lock up the lab register in the cabinet. .

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > What are the issues here?                                           |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                         |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| > What is the right thing to do?                                      |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                   |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| What are the consequences if you don't do the right thing?            |
|                                                                       |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\                   |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
|                                                                       |
| > How hard is it for you to do the right thing?                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Consequences  | > A false positive HIV result can lead to           |
| of a False      | > considerable personal stress and family and       |
| Positive or     | > marital problems. A false negative result can     |
| False Negative  | > lead to increased transmission.                   |
| Result**        | >                                                   |
|                 | > Each result you report is connected to a          |
|                 | > patient/client. A lot is at stake -- people's     |
|                 | > health, lives, mental health. The emotional costs |
|                 | > of a wrong result can be huge. Also the health    |
|                 | > consequences can be enormous. Considerable        |
|                 | > personal stress also includes depression, fear    |
|                 | > and even suicidal tendencies.                     |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | You must strive to do the right things right.       |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **What Is       | Ethics is "A set of principles of right conduct."   |
| Ethics?**       |                                                     |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Why is Ethics | Decisions about diagnosis, prognosis and treatment  |
| Important?**    | are frequently based on results and interpretations |
|                 | of laboratory tests. Irreversible harm may be       |
|                 | caused by erroneous tests.                          |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | In other words if we do not apply a code of ethics  |
|                 | the patient or someone else will suffer.            |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Maintaining   | It is important to:                                 |
| Co              |                                                     |
| nfidentiality** | -   Keep all client/patient information private     |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Secure all records / logbooks                   |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Restrict access to testing areas                |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | Remember...prior to testing, clients should be      |
|                 | informed about the purpose, advantages, and         |
|                 | disadvantages of testing. This process ensures      |
|                 | understanding of the Counseling-Testing process.    |
|                 | Keeping information confidential means that it is   |
|                 | kept a secret from everyone.                        |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | People often violate ethics not because they mean   |
|                 | to, but because they are careless. Therefore, we    |
|                 | must be extra vigilant about ethical conduct.       |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| Role-Play Scenario                                  | ![](m           |
|                                                     | edia/image3.png |
|                                                     | ){width="0.8916 |
|                                                     | 666666666667in" |
|                                                     | height="0.67847 |
|                                                     | 22222222223in"} |
+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| Watch the role play and answer these questions:     |                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| > What happened?                                    |                 |
|                                                     |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\             |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| What were the ethical issues involved?              |                 |
|                                                     |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\             |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+
| What were the implications?                         |                 |
|                                                     |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\             |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
|                                                     |                 |
| What would you do if you were in this situation?    |                 |
|                                                     |                 |
| \                                                   |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
|                                                     |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_                      |                 |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                 |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------+

+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Who is        | Everyone at a testing site plays a part. Anyone who |
| Responsible for | plays a part in testing or has access to the test   |
| Ethics?**       | results must adhere to ethical conduct. This        |
|                 | includes medical laboratory technicians, nurse      |
|                 | counselors, clerks, secretary, general hand, and    |
|                 | driver.                                             |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | Incidents may happen where specimens are damaged,   |
|                 | results are falsified, or confidentiality is        |
|                 | broken. Equally they can decide to ensure that      |
|                 | specimens are delivered, recorded, stored and       |
|                 | reported with high quality.                         |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **How Do We     | Ethics is applied in the work that we do at the     |
| Apply Ethics To | test site. This includes:                           |
| HIV Rapid       |                                                     |
| Testing?**      | -   Using only kits approved for use in country     |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Ensuring quality outputs -- Following SOPs as   |
|                 |     written. If a test procedure calls for 20       |
|                 |     minutes incubation or wait time, DON'T take     |
|                 |     shortcuts. Wait the full time before recording  |
|                 |     and reporting test results                      |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Keeping supplies and kits in safekeeping.       |
|                 |     Unauthorized use of test kits outside of the    |
|                 |     testing site is prohibited.                     |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   If you have questions, ASK.                     |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   DO NOT falsify results.                         |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | Ethics is also applied in your behavior. Always     |
|                 | conduct yourself in a professional manner. Examples |
|                 | of professionalism include:                         |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Dressing appropriately. If lab coat of apron is |
|                 |     soiled, change to a clean one                   |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Turning cell phones off. It is disruptive and   |
|                 |     not considerate of clients to talk on the phone |
|                 |     during the course of testing.                   |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Not discussing results of interaction with      |
|                 |     clients with others. Maintaining patient        |
|                 |     confidentiality is a MUST.                      |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | Behavior of management -- Management sets the       |
|                 | example or expectations of how staff should conduct |
|                 | themselves.                                         |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **What is a     | A Code of Ethics is an expression of basic values - |
| Code of         | the principles and standards by which you should    |
| Ethics?**       | conduct yourself                                    |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | A number of laboratory professional organizations   |
|                 | have code of ethics, with common principles of      |
|                 | conduct.                                            |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Code of       | **Excerpts from International Federation of         |
| Ethics          | Biomedical Laboratory Science (IFBLS)**             |
| (IFBLS)**       |                                                     |
|                 | -   Maintain [strict confidentiality]{.underline}   |
|                 |     of patient information and test results         |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Safeguard the dignity and privacy of patients   |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Be accountable for the quality and integrity of |
|                 |     clinical laboratory services. You must take     |
|                 |     personal responsibility for everything you do   |
|                 |     and be able to answer for your conduct and      |
|                 |     moral obligations to choose to do right over    |
|                 |     wrong.                                          |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| **Code of       | **Excerpts from American Society for Clinical       |
| Ethics (ASCP)** | Pathology (ASCP)**                                  |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Treat patients and colleagues with respect,     |
|                 |     care and thoughtfulness                         |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Perform duties in an accurate, precise, timely  |
|                 |     and responsible manner                          |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Safeguard patient information as confidential,  |
|                 |     within the limits of the law                    |
|                 |                                                     |
|                 | -   Prudently use laboratory resources              |
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ![](m           | -   Maintain [strict confidentiality]{.underline}  |
| edia/image4.wmf |     of patient information and test results        |
| ){width="1.1701 |                                                    |
| 388888888888in" | -   Ethical issues are important. We must          |
| height="0.83194 |     constantly remind ourselves of the code of     |
| 44444444445in"} |     conducts and ensure we do the right thing.     |
|                 |                                                    |
| **Key message** | ```{=html}                                         |
|                 | <!-- -->                                           |
|                 | ```                                                |
|                 | -   Ethical issues are often hard to deal with     |
|                 |     because they create dilemmas.                  |
|                 |                                                    |
|                 | -   People often violate ethics not because they   |
|                 |     mean to, but because they are careless. As a   |
|                 |     matter of fact, they sometimes act with good   |
|                 |     intentions.                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+

+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ![](m           | Module Review                                      |
| edia/image5.wmf |                                                    |
| ){width="1.0in" |                                                    |
| height="0.96041 |                                                    |
| 66666666667in"} |                                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Find out how    |                                                    |
| much you have   |                                                    |
| learned by      |                                                    |
| answering these |                                                    |
| questions.      |                                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| In your own     |                                                    |
| words, what is  |                                                    |
| ethics?         |                                                    |
|                 |                                                    |
| \_\_\_          |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Why is ethics   |                                                    |
| important?      |                                                    |
|                 |                                                    |
| \_\_\_          |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Give examples   |                                                    |
| of actions you  |                                                    |
| can take to     |                                                    |
| maintain client |                                                    |
| c               |                                                    |
| onfidentiality. |                                                    |
|                 |                                                    |
| \_\_\_          |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Give an example |                                                    |
| of a code of    |                                                    |
| ethics to which |                                                    |
| you are willing |                                                    |
| to personally   |                                                    |
| commit.         |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_    |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
|                 |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_    |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
|                 |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_    |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ |                                                    |
| _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |                                                    |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------------+

**BOARD OF REGISTRY**

**Guidelines for Ethical Behavior**

**American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Registrants and
Associate Members**

Recognizing that my integrity and that of my profession must be pledged
to the best possible care of patients lased on the reliability of my
work, I will:

1.  Treat patients and colleagues with respect, care and thoughtfulness

2.  Perform my duties in an accurate, precise, timely and responsible
    manner

3.  Safeguard patient information as confidential, within the limits of
    the law

4.  Prudently use laboratory resources

5.  Advocate the delivery of quality laboratory services in a cost
    effective manner

6.  Work within the boundaries of laws and regulations and strive to
    disclose illegal or improper behavior to the appropriate authorities

7.  Continue to study, apply and advance medical laboratory knowledge
    and skills and share such with my colleagues, other members of the
    health care community and the public.

Reprinted by permission of ASCP

# International Federation of Biomedical Laboratory Science (IFBLS)

# Code of Ethics

**Medical laboratory technologists shall:**

-   Be dedicated to the use of clinical laboratory science to benefit
    mankind

-   Actively seek to establish cooperative and specific working
    relationships with other health professionals

-   Provide expertise to advise and counsel other health professionals

-   Maintain strict confidentiality of patient information and test
    results

-   Safeguard the dignity and privacy of patients

-   Be responsible for the logical process from the acquisition of the
    specimen to the production of data and the final report of the test
    results

-   Be accountable for the quality and integrity of clinical laboratory
    services

-   Exercise professional judgment, skill and care while meeting
    established standards

-   Uphold and maintain the dignity and respect of the profession and
    strive to maintain a reputation of honesty, integrity and
    reliability

-   Strive to improve professional skills and knowledge, and adopt
    scientific advances that benefit the patient and improve the
    delivery of test results.

Reprinted by permission of IFBLS