+-------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| ![](media/image1.wmf)               | **Advisory**   |              |
|                                     |                |              |
| U.S. Department                     | **Circular**   |              |
|                                     |                |              |
| of Transportation                   |                |              |
|                                     |                |              |
| **Federal Aviation**                |                |              |
|                                     |                |              |
| **Administration**                  |                |              |
+-------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+
| **Subject:** Standards for Airport  | **Date:**      | **AC No:**   |
| Markings                            | 6/6/2008       | 150/5340-1J  |
|                                     |                |              |
|                                     | **Initiated    | **Change:**  |
|                                     | by:** AAS-100  | 2            |
+-------------------------------------+----------------+--------------+

**1. PURPOSE.** This advisory circular (AC) contains the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) standards for markings used on airport
runways, taxiways, and aprons.

**2. CANCELLATION.** AC 150/5340-1J cancels AC 150/5340-1H, Standards
for Airport Markings, dated August 31, 1999. It also cancels AC
150/5340-1I, although version J is substantially the same document and
only changes the AC version letter from I to J. In addition, this Change
2 cancels Change 1 of AC 150/5340-1J, dated March 31, 2008.

**3. EXPLANATION OF CHANGES.** Change 2 clarifies the intent of the
previous change and modifies certain compliance dates for airports
located in areas that receive snow or ice storms. Change 1 adopted three
surface painted markings to reduce runway incursions. These surface
painted markings either use a new marking scheme or expand an existing
marking scheme. These surface painted markings, referred to as an
enhancement, are the enhanced taxiway centerline marking, the extension
of the runway holding position marking onto the paved taxiway shoulder,
and the surface painted holding position sign. These adoptions became
standard surface markings for airports certificated under Title 14 of
the Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter I -- FAA, Department of
Transportation, Part 139, Certification of Airports (14 CFR Part 139)
and, as indicated in paragraph 5, Application, for airport projects that
receive Federal funds under the Airport Grant Assistance Program or
public funds received from the Passenger Facility Charge Program. This
AC uses the terms "commercial service airports" and "passenger
enplanements" as defined in FAA Order 5100.38C*,* Airport Improvement
Program Handbook, and "airplane design groups" as defined in AC
150/5300-13, Airport Design.

**a.** The enhanced taxiway centerline marking, as illustrated in Figure
C-1 of Appendix 3, is mandatory for all 14 CFR Part 139 certificated
airports. All runway holding positions for any runway are to have the
enhanced taxiway centerline marking. Painting of the enhancement for all
runway holding positions to a given runway should be completed in the
shortest period of time. These actions eliminate erratic application of
the enhancement, thereby avoiding pilot confusion and reducing the
potential for runway incursions. Compliance dates vary as follows: June
30, 2008, for commercial service airports that have 1.5 million or more
passenger enplanements in a calendar year; December 31, 2009, for
commercial service airports with less than 1.5 million annual passenger
enplanements but more than 370,000 annual passenger enplanements; and
December 31, 2010, for all other commercial service airports
certificated under 14 CFR Part 139. As indicated, this surface painted
marking was adopted as part of the taxiway centerline marking standard
under 14 CFR Part 139.311(a)(2). Paragraph 21(e) of this advisory
circular provides other details and scenarios to handle various taxiway
centerline geometries.

**b**. The extension of the runway holding position marking onto the
paved shoulder, as illustrated in Figure C-3 of Appendix 3, is only
mandatory for those 14 CFR Part 139 certificated airports that serve
Airplane Design Group V and VI airplanes. Furthermore, the enhanced
runway holding position marking applies only to those taxiways on that
airport that serve these airplane design groups. The enhancement, which
must extend on both sides of the taxiway centerline, has a compliance
date of June 30, 2008. Paragraph 23(b)(2) of this advisory circular
provides other details.

**c.** The surface painted holding position signs, as illustrated in
Figure C-4 of Appendix 3, is mandatory for all 14 CFR Part 139
certificated airports that have two or more runways. Of the two surface
painted holding position signs, the left-of-centerline surface painted
sign is mandatory even if the vertical runway holding position sign
exists. This requirement standardizes the use (pilot expectation/human
factor) of the surface painted sign, thereby reducing confusion and
runway incursions.

The right-of-centerline surface painted sign, which is highly
recommended for taxiway entrances serving airplane operations that
require two person crews, may be eliminated. The option to eliminate
this enhancement occurs when a taxiway centerline is closer than 45 feet
(13.7 m) from the edge of the taxiway and a mandatory vertical hold sign
is in clear view. Paragraph 26(b) of this advisory circular describes
other special situations in which one of the enhancements may be
eliminated.

For airports with one or more runways, any taxiway entrance of
insufficient lead-in length that causes this enhancement to be painted
on or very close to a parallel taxiway must have both surface painted
signs. At airports with one or more runways, any taxiway entrance with a
width of more than 200 feet (61 m) at the runway holding position
requires several surface painted holding position signs. This latter
requirement is in direct response to reducing documented runway
incursions at such locations. Paragraph 26(b) of this advisory circular
determines the number of surface painted holding signs for such
locations.

Taxiway entrances that serve multiple runways require that the surface
painted signs contain all runway designators with directional arrows.
The purpose for requiring the inclusion of the directional arrows is
eliminating "wrong runway" takeoffs. In certain cases where the taxiway
geometry is narrow and/or complex, special procedures to fit the
enhancements should be followed. Paragraph 26(d) and Figure C-4 of this
advisory circular provide such guidance on dealing with these
situations.

In all cases. this surface painted marking is never painted over the
taxiway centerline or onto the taxiway shoulders. The surface painted
marking, which became part of the standard signage requirement under 14
CFR Part 139.311(b)(1)(ii), has a compliance date of December 31, 2010.

**4. METRIC UNITS.** To promote an orderly transition to metric units,
the text and figures include both English and metric dimensions. The
metric conversions are based on operational significance and may not be
exact equivalents. Until there is an official changeover to the metric
system, the English dimensions govern.

**5. APPLICATION.** The FAA recommends the guidelines and standards
contained herein for the marking of airport runways, taxiways, and
aprons. These standards are the ***only*** method of compliance with the
marking of runways and taxiways for airports certificated under 14 CFR
Part 139. These standards are to be used on all new projects that are
under development and are to be implemented at all Part 139 certificated
airports, as specified in paragraph 3, Explanation of Changes. These
standards are also mandatory for airport projects receiving Federal
funds under the Airport Grant Assistance Program or funds received from
the Passenger Facility Charge Program.

**6. CHANGED TEXT.** Changed text is indicated by vertical bars in the
margins.

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![](media/image2.jpeg){width="2.229861111111111in"
height="0.7798611111111111in"}

Byron K. Huffman

Acting Director, Airport Safety and Standards

CONTENTS

MARKINGS FOR PAVED RUNWAYS AND TAXIWAYS. 1

SECTION 1. GENERAL. 1

> 1\. Purpose 1
>
> 2\. Definitions 1
>
> 3\. Marking Practices 1
>
> 4\. Visibility of Markings. 1

SECTION 2. RUNWAY MARKINGS 2

> 5\. Application. 2
>
> 6\. Runway Marking Precedence 3
>
> 7\. Runway Designation Marking. 3
>
> 8\. Runway Centerline Marking 4
>
> 9\. Runway Threshold Marking 4
>
> 10\. Runway Aiming Point Marking. 5
>
> 11\. Runway Touchdown Zone Marking 5
>
> 12\. Runway Side Stripe Marking 6
>
> 13\. Runway Threshold Bar 6
>
> 14\. Demarcation Bar 6
>
> 15\. Arrows and Arrowheads 7
>
> 16\. Chevrons 7
>
> 17\. Holding Position Markings on Runways. 7
>
> 18\. Runway Shoulder Markings 8
>
> 19\. Reserved 8

SECTION 3. TAXIWAY MARKINGS 8

> 20\. Application 8
>
> 21\. Taxiway Centerline Markings 8
>
> 22\. Taxiway Edge Marking 10
>
> 23\. Runway Holding Position Markings on Taxiways 11
>
> 24\. Holding Position Markings for Instrument Landing System (ILS)/
>
> Precision Obstacle Free Zone (POFZ) 12
>
> 25\. Intermediate Holding Position Markings for Taxiway/Taxiway
> Intersections 12
>
> 26\. Surface Painted Holding Position Signs 13
>
> 27\. Surface Painted Taxiway Direction Signs 15
>
> 28\. Surface Painted Taxiway Location Signs 15
>
> 29\. Surface Painted Gate Identification Signs
> [15](#__RefHeading___Toc460290674)
>
> 30\. Surface Painted Apron Entrance Point Signs 16
>
> 31\. Taxiway Shoulder Markings [16](#__RefHeading___Toc460290676)
>
> 32\. Geographic Position Markings 16-1
>
> 33\. Reserved 16-1
>
> 34\. Reserved 16-1

SECTION 4. OTHER MARKINGS 17

> 35\. Application 17
>
> 36\. Vehicle Roadway Markings 17
>
> 37\. VOR Receiver Checkpoint Markings 17
>
> 38\. Non-Movement Area Boundary Marking 18
>
> 39\. Marking of Temporarily Relocated Thresholds 18
>
> 40\. Marking and Lighting of Permanently Closed Runways and Taxiways
> 18
>
> 41\. Temporarily Closed Runways and Taxiways 18
>
> 42\. Converting a Runway to a Taxiway 19
>
> 43\. Intermittent Use of a Taxiway as a Runway 19
>
> 44\. Closed/Abandoned Airports 19
>
> 45\. Heliport Marking 19
>
> 46\. Vertiport Marking 19
>
> 47\. Marking for Arresting Gear 19
>
> 48\. Hazardous Areas 19

**FIGURES**

#### Figure 1. Precision Runway Markings 20

> **Figure 2. Nonprecision Runway and Visual Runway Markings 21**
>
> **Figure 3. Example of Conflicting Markings on Crossing Runways 22**
>
> **Figure 4. Runway Designation Numerals and Letters 23**
>
> **Figure 5. Displaced Threshold Markings 24**
>
> **Figure 6. Markings for Taxiway Aligned With Runway 25**
>
> **Figure 7. Markings for Blast Pads and Stopways 26**
>
> **Figure 8. Marking for Blast Pad or Taxiway Preceding a Displaced
> Threshold 27**
>
> **Figure 9. Runway Shoulder Markings 28**
>
> **Figure 10. Marking Details 29**
>
> **Figure 11. Taxiway Markings 30**
>
> **Figure 12. Taxiway Centerline Marking Methods 31**
>
> **Figure 13. Surface Painted Signs 32**
>
> **Figure 14. Surface Painted Gate Identification Signs 33**
>
> **Figure 15. Surface Painted Apron Entrance Point Signs 34**
>
> **Figure 16. Taxiway Shoulder Markings 35**
>
> **Figure 17. Geographic Position Markings 36**
>
> **Figure 18. Vehicle Roadway Markings 37**
>
> **Figure 19. VOR Receiver Checkpoint Markings 38**
>
> **Figure 20. Closed Runway and Taxiway Markings 39**

**APPENDIX 1. Inscriptions for Signs and Geographic Position Markings (5
Pages)**

> **Figure A-1. Pavement Markings ABCDEFGH 40**
>
> **Figure A-2. Pavement Markings IJKLMNOP 41**

#### Figure A-3. Pavement Markings QRSTUVWX 42

> **Figure A-4. Pavement Markings YZ123456 43**
>
> **Figure A-5. Pavement Markings 7890-,↑ 44**

**APPENDIX 2. EXAMPLES OF MARKINGS OUTLINED IN BLACK** **(2 pages)**\
**Figure B-1. Runway Holding Position Marking 45\
Figure B-2. ILS/MLS Holding Position Marking 45\
Figure B-3. Continuous Taxiway Edge Line Marking 46\
Figure B-4. Dashed Taxiway Edge Line Marking 46\
Figure B-5. Alternate Outlining Method for Dashed Taxiway Edge Line
Marking 46\
Figure B-6. Taxiway Centerline Marking 46\
Figure B-7. Intermediate Holding Position Markings 46\
Figure B-8. Non-Movement Area Boundary Area Marking 46**

**APPENDIX 3. ENHANCED MARKINGS FOR RUNWAY HOLDING POSITION (12 pages)**

######### Figure C-1. Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Markings 47

> **Figure C-2. Dashed Lines at Converging Taxiway Centerlines 48**
>
> **Figure C-3. Enhanced Runway Holding Position Markings on Taxiways
> 49**

######### Figure C-4. Surface Painted Holding Position Signs 50

> Figure C-5. Surface Painted Holding Position Signs when Taxiway
> Centerline is not Perpendicular to Runway Holding Position Marking 51
>
> **Figure C-6. Surface Painted Holding Position Signs Co-Located with a
> Geographic Position Marking 52**
>
> **Figure C-7. Two Taxiway Centerlines Converging at a Runway Holding
> Position Marking 53**

######### Figure C-8. Intersection of Two Taxiways at Runway End 54

> **Figure C-9. Intersection of Three Converging Taxiway Centerlines
> 55**

most demanding aircraft, the centerline markings follow the taxiway
curve, as shown in Figure 12b, to permit cockpit-over-centerline
steering.

**(2)** At taxiway intersections with runway ends, the taxiway
centerline is terminated at the runway edge except that the following
applies:

**(i)** Where there is a displaced threshold the centerline continues
into the displaced area of the runway.

**(ii)** The taxiway centerline continues across the runway when it is a
crossing route as designated by the local Air Traffic Facility.

**(3)** On all other taxiways, the taxiway centerline marking curves
onto the runway and extends parallel to the runway centerline marking
for a distance of 200 feet (60 m) beyond the point of tangency or
terminating at the threshold bar, which ever is less, and three feet
from the runway centerline measured near-edge to near-edge. See Figure
11, detail A. This lead-on or lead-off line (the taxiway centerline) is
interrupted for all runway markings.

**(4)** For taxiways crossing a runway, either straight across or offset
and normally used as a taxi route, the taxiway centerline marking may
continue across the runway but is normally interrupted for any runway
markings. For low visibility operations, when the runway visual range is
below 1200 feet (360 m), taxiway centerline markings continue across all
runway markings with the exception of the runway designation marking.

**c. Color.** Taxiway centerline markings are yellow.

**d. Characteristics.**

**(1) Width.** A width of 6 inches (15 cm) to 12 inches (30 cm) is
acceptable for a taxiway centerline. However, the width selected must be
uniform for the entire length of the taxiway unless:

**(i)** It involves a surface movement guidance and control system
(SMGCS) route. When a taxiway or part of a taxiway is designated as a
SMGCS route, the width of the taxiway centerline must be 12 inches (30
cm) wide and is outlined in black in light colored pavement. The
centerline width of the remaining part of a taxiway that is not a part
of a SMGCS route can change abruptly at the intersection with other
taxiway centerline markings, e.g. from 12 inches (30 cm) to 6 inches (15
cm).

**(ii)** Confusing intersections require the designation of a preferred
routing through such an intersection.

**(2) Continuity.** The centerline is continuous in length except where
it intersects a holding position marking (see Figure 10) or a runway
designation (see paragraph 21b(4)).

**e. Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Marking.** The guidelines and standards
contained in this section for enhanced taxiway centerline markings will
be considered the only acceptable means of compliance with 14 CFR Part
139 for airports with annual passenger enplanements of 1,500,000 or
more, effective June 30, 2008. For airports with less than 1.5 million
annual passenger enplanements but more than 370,000 annual passenger
enplanements, the compliance date is December 31, 2009. At all remaining
airports certificated under 14 CFR Part 139, these same enhanced taxiway
centerline markings will be the standard effective December 31, 2010.
All runway holding positions for any runway are to have the enhanced
taxiway centerline marking. That is, the enhanced taxiway centerline is
used throughout the airport. Painting of the enhancement for all runway
holding positions to a given runway should be completed in the shortest
period of time. These actions eliminate erratic application of this
enhancement, thereby avoiding pilot confusion and reducing the potential
for runway incursions. This surface painted marking is part of the
taxiway centerline marking standard under 14 CFR Part 139.311(a)(2).

**(1) Location.** Taxiway centerlines are enhanced for 150 feet (45.7 m)
prior to a runway holding position marking, except in the situations
described in Paragraph 21(e)(3)(i) below. The taxiway centerline is not
enhanced between the runway holding position marking and the runway. The
following methods are commonly used to measure the 150-foot (45.7 m)
length on a curved taxiway from the runway holding position:

**(i)** With a measuring wheel, measure from the intersection of the
taxiway centerline at the runway holding position along the existing
taxiway centerline out to 150 feet (45.7 m).

**(ii)** With a 150-foot (45.7 m) tape measure, swing an arc from the
intersection of the taxiway centerline at the runway holding position
until it intersects the taxiway centerline.

**(2) Color.** Enhanced taxiway centerline markings are yellow and must
contain glass beads. In addition, the enhanced taxiway centerline
marking must be outlined in black paint on light-colored pavements.

**(3) Characteristics.** An enhanced taxiway centerline marking consists
of a parallel line of yellow dashes on either side of the existing
taxiway centerline. The first dashes start 6 to 12 inches (15--30 cm)
from the runway holding position marking, and the pattern is repeated
for a distance of 150 feet (45.7 m). The yellow dashes are 9 feet (2.74
m) in length and 6 inches (15 cm) wide and have a gap of 3 feet (1 m)
between them, as shown in Appendix 3, Figure C-1**.**

**(i)** If the taxiway centerline to be enhanced continues through a
taxiway/taxiway intersection that is located within 150 feet (45.7 m)
from a runway holding position marking, the taxiway centerline
enhancement must be terminated 5 feet (1.5 m) prior to the point where
the other taxiway centerline crosses the taxiway centerline that is
being enhanced (see Appendix 3, Figure C-10).

**(ii**) If the enhanced taxiway centerline intersects another runway
holding position marking that is located within 150 feet (45.7 m) of the
runway holding position marking that is being enhanced, then the entire
length of taxiway centerline between the two runway holding position
markings must be enhanced. However, in no case should the taxiway
centerline be enhanced between the runway holding position marking and
the runway (see Appendix 3, Figure C-10).

**(iii)** Where two taxiway centerlines come together (converge) at or
before the runway holding position marking, there must be no partial
dashed lines less than 9-feet (2.74 m) at the point of convergence. The
first inside dashed lines must be aligned with the outside dashed
lines―starting and stopping with the dashed lines on the outside
(Appendix 3, Figure C-2).

**(iv)** If an ILS holding position marking is within 150 feet of a
runway holding position marking, the enhanced taxiway centerline is
interrupted the same as it is for a regular centerline (i.e. 3 feet (0.9
m) on the runway side and 6 - 12 inches (15 to 30 cm) on the holding
side).

**22. TAXIWAY EDGE MARKING.**

**a. Purpose.** Taxiway edge markings are used to delineate the edge of
the taxiway. They are primarily used when the usable taxiway edge does
not correspond with the edge of the pavement. Two types of markings are
used depending upon whether the aircraft is supposed to cross the
taxiway edge. The outer edge of the stripe defines the edge of the
usable pavement.

**(1) Continuous Markings.** Continuous taxiway edge markings are used
to delineate the taxiway edge from the shoulder or some other contiguous
paved surface not intended for use by aircraft (see Figures 10 and B-3).
When an operational need exists, the continuous taxiway edge marking may
be used to delineate the edge of the taxiway from a contiguous non-paved
surface. Continuous taxiway edge markings are not to be used in
situations where aircraft would be required to cross them.

**(2) Dashed Markings.** Dashed taxiway edge markings are used when
there is an operational need to define the edge of a taxiway or taxilane
on a paved surface where the pavement contiguous to the taxiway edge is
intended for use by aircraft, e.g., an apron (see Figures 10 and B-4).
Where the taxiway is contiguous to an apron, the markings must be
installed at a distance equal to one-half the taxiway width from taxiway
centerline. Dashed edge stripes are not to be used to provide wing tip
clearances for parked aircraft on an apron. See taxiway/taxiway hold
lines Par. 25, or non-movement area boundary markings Par. 38, as
appropriate.

**b. Location.** Taxiway edge markings are located on the taxiway at its
defined edge, and are part of the usable taxiway pavement.

**c. Color.** Taxiway edge markings are yellow.

**d. Characteristics.** Continuous taxiway edge markings consist of a
continuous double yellow line, with each line being at least 6 inches
(15 cm) in width, spaced 6 inches (15 cm) apart (edge to edge). These
markings can also be used to designate islands that have been painted
green or striated with yellow markings. Dashed taxiway edge markings
consist of a broken double yellow line, with each line being at least 6
inches (15 cm) in width, spaced 6 inches (15 cm) apart (edge to edge).
The dashed lines are 15 feet (4.5 m) in length with 25-foot (7.5 m) gaps
(see Figure 10). These markings are not to be used to designate islands.

**23. RUNWAY HOLDING POSITION MARKINGS ON TAXIWAYS.**

**a. Purpose.** At airports with operating airport traffic control
towers, runway holding position markings identify the location on a
taxiway where a pilot is to stop until clearance is received to proceed
onto the runway. Holding position markings may be supplemented with
Geographic Position Markings (see paragraph 32) as part of the airport's
SMGCS Plan. At airports without operating airport traffic control towers
these runway holding position markings identify the location where a
pilot should assure there is adequate separation with other aircraft
before proceeding onto the runway.

b.  **Location.**

**(1)** The runway holding position marking should be located in
accordance with Table 4 on all taxiways that intersect runways based
upon the most critical aircraft using the runway and extend across the
entire width of the taxiway. These surface painted markings are also
located on taxiways crossing through the runway approach area. This
action protects the following surfaces and ensures that an aircraft on
the taxiway will not penetrate the surface used to locate the runway
threshold, runway inner approach obstacle free zone, and runway inner
transitional obstacle free zone. If located closer, such that aircraft
penetrate the Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) surfaces, higher
minimums may result or the taxiway is restricted. A discussion of these
surfaces is contained in AC 150/5300-13. Locating holding position
markings other than in accordance with the preceding criteria must be
approved by the FAA. Except as specified in paragraph 17, holding
position markings should not be used for any situation other than those
described in this paragraph.

**(2)** The runway holding position markings of entrance taxiways used
by Airplane Design Group V or VI airplanes are enhanced by extending
this surface marking onto both paved shoulders (see Appendix 3, Figure
C-3). For both airplane design groups, the total length of the
enhancement from one paved shoulder to the other paved shoulder measures
125 feet (38 m), i.e., 62.5 feet (19 m) from the taxiway centerline.
This measurement takes into account the downward viewing angle that
pilots have while seated in the normal position plus safety factors,
such as aircraft wander from centerline. Only those taxiway entrances to
a runway that serve these airplane design groups are to be enhanced.
Typical Airplane Design Groups V and VI airplane models include the
Airbus 330-200/-300, A-340-200/-300/-500/-600, A-380,
Boeing-747-100/-200/-400, B-777-200/-300, and B-787-8/-9. The use of a
single measurement of 125 feet (38 m) permits a consistent application
of this surface marking relative to these aircraft categories rather
than the taxiway widths they traverse. The compliance date for these
taxiways is June 30, 2008, and is the only acceptable means of
compliance by 14 CFR Part 139 certified airports.

**(i)** Taxiway edge markings must be removed for the width of the
extended runway holding position marking.

**(ii)** If the runway holding position marking is outlined in black,
taxiway edge markings should abut the black outline on both sides that
contain the solid yellow lines and dashed yellow lines.

**(iii)** If the runway holding position marking is not outlined in
black, taxiway edge markings should abut the holding position markings
on both sides, i.e., the outer solid yellow line and the outer dashed
yellow line.

**(iv)** If a light fixture or sign is located on the taxiway shoulder
and aligned with the extended runway holding position marking, the
extended runway holding position marking should be extended no closer
than 5 feet (1.5 m) to the edge of the light fixture or sign.

**(v)** If a taxiway has taxiway shoulder markings (see paragraph 31,
Taxiway Shoulder Markings) and the extended runway holding position
marking will be located within 10 feet (3 m) of the taxiway shoulder
marking, the extended runway holding position marking must supersede the
taxiway shoulder marking, i.e., the taxiway shoulder marking must be
omitted in this location.

**c. Color.** Runway holding position markings on taxiways are
yellow**,** and will be outlined in black on light colored pavements.

**d. Characteristics.** Runway holding position markings consist of a
set of 4 yellow lines and 3 spaces, each 12 inches (30 cm) in width, as
shown in Figure 10 \[see note\] The solid lines of these markings are
always on the side where the aircraft is to hold. The markings are
installed perpendicular to the taxiway centerline but may be canted from
the perpendicular in unique situations, such as illustrated in Figure
11. In these cases, it may be necessary to install additional holding
position signs, runway guard lights, etc. Runway holding position
markings on taxiways may be angled as needed where two or more taxiways
intersect at the runway hold line. On angled taxiways the distances
given in Table 4 is measured from the runway centerline to the taxiway
centerline (Figure 11). On an angled taxiway, consideration should also
be given to locating the markings such that no portion of an aircraft
(i.e., wing tip) placed at the holding position line will penetrate the
runway safety area.

**Note:** At airports that do not have an airport traffic control tower
and are not certificated under 14 CFR Part 139, each of the four yellow
lines and three spaces may be 6 inches (15 cm) in width.

**24. HOLDING POSITION MARKINGS FOR INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM (ILS)/
PRECISION OBSTACLE FREE ZONE (POFZ).**

**a. Purpose.** The ILS critical area/POFZ holding position marking
identifies the location on a taxiway or holding bay where an aircraft is
to stop when it does not have clearance to enter the ILS critical area
or the POFZ. This marking also can be used to identify the boundary of a
microwave landing system (MLS) critical area and to identify the holding
position for CAT II/III operations. Marking the boundary of these areas
is necessary to protect the navigational aid signal.

**b. Location.** The ILS critical area/POFZ holding position marking is
located on the taxiway at the perimeter of the ILS (or MLS) critical
area or the POFZ and, as appropriate, at the holding position for CAT
II/III operations.

**(1)** Where the distance between the runway holding position marking
on a taxiway and the holding position marking for an ILS (or MLS)
critical area is 50 feet (15 m) or less, one holding position may be
established, provided it will not affect capacity. In this case, the
runway holding position is moved back to the ILS/MLS holding position
and only the runway holding position markings are installed.

**(2)** If a taxiway penetrates the POFZ, only one holding position
marking should be installed to delineate the ILS critical area and the
POFZ. This holding position marking should be located at the more
conservative boundary of these two areas. In this instance, the ILS/POFZ
holding position marking cannot be replaced with, or used in lieu of, a
runway holding position marking.

**(3)** FAA will designate the ILS (or MLS) critical area and POFZ
boundaries and, as appropriate, determine the holding position location
for CAT II/III operations for the airport operator. The markings are
installed perpendicular to the taxiway centerline but may be canted from
the perpendicular in unique situations, such as illustrated in Figure
11.

(4) The runway holding position markings of taxiways used by Airplane
    Design Group V or VI airplanes are recommended to be extended onto
    both paved shoulders (see Appendix 3, Figure C-3). Typical Airplane
    Design Group V and VI airplane models include the Airbus
    330-200/-300, A-340-200/-300/-500/-600, A-380,
    Boeing-747-100/-200/-400, B-777-200/-300, and B-787-8/-9. See
    paragraph 23(b)(2) for further design guidance. The extended holding
    position markings will be the only acceptable means of compliance
    with 14 CFR Part 139 effective June 30, 2008. At all other airports,
    this enhanced surface marking is optional.

**c. Color**. The ILS critical area/POFZ holding position markings on
taxiways are yellow, and will be outlined in black on light colored
pavements.

**d. Characteristics.** The ILS critical area/POFZ holding position
marking consists of a set of two 2-foot (0.6 m) wide parallel yellow
lines spaced 4 feet (1.2 m) apart, 6 inches (15 cm) from the taxiway
centerline on the aircraft holding side as shown in Figure 10 \[see
note\]. In between these two lines and perpendicular to them, there are
sets of two 1-foot (0.3 m) wide parallel yellow lines 1-foot (0.3 m)
apart. See Figure 10 for proper spacing dimensions.

**Note:** At airports that do not have airport traffic control towers
and are not certificated under 14 CFR Part 139, the airport operator has
the option to reduce the dimension for the width of the parallel yellow
lines and spaces from 2 feet (.6 m) to 1 foot (0.3 m) and from 4 feet
(1.2 m) to 2 feet (0.6 m).

**25. INTERMEDIATE HOLDING POSITION MARKINGS FOR TAXIWAY/TAXIWAY
INTERSECTIONS.**

**a. Purpose.** These markings identify the location on a taxiway or
apron where aircraft are supposed to stop when told to hold short of
another taxiway or apron. They should be used at airports with an
operating ATCT where there is an operational need to hold traffic at a
taxiway/taxiway intersection, at a geographic position (see paragraph
32), or holding bay, as illustrated in Figure 11, to define the edge of
the taxiway object free area to assure adequate clearance from taxiing
aircraft.

**b. Location.** Holding position markings for taxiway/taxiway
intersections are located for the most demanding aircraft using the
airport in accordance with Table 5.

**c. Color.** Holding position markings on taxiways are yellow, and will
be outlined in black on light colored pavements.

**d.** **Characteristics.** The holding position markings for
taxiway/taxiway intersections consist of a 1 foot (0.3 m) wide yellow
line with 3 foot (0.9 m) long dashes and spaces. The taxiway centerline
is 6 -- 12 inches (15 cm -- 30 cm) on either side of the intermediate
holding position marking, as shown in Figure 10.

**Table 5. Perpendicular Distances for Taxiway**

**Intersection Markings from Centerline of Crossing Taxiway.**

**Airplane Design Group^1^**

  ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
  I           II          III         IV          V           VI

  44.5 feet   65.5 feet   93 feet     129.5 feet  160 feet    193 feet

  (13.5 m)    (20 m)      (28.5 m)    (39 m)      (48.5 m)    (59 m)
  ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------

Note 1: See AC 150/5300-13, Airport Design.

**26. SURFACE PAINTED HOLDING POSITION SIGNS.**

**a. Purpose.** Surface painted holding position signs supplement the
signs located at the runway holding position marking (including
ILS/Precision Obstacle Free Zone holding position markings) in
accordance with current AC 150/5340‑18, Standards for Airport Sign
Systems. These surface painted markings provide additional visual cues
to alert pilots of an upcoming runway holding position, identify the
location as a runway holding position, and confirm the runway
designation(s). The surface painted holding position signs, as
illustrated in Figure C-4 of Appendix 3, are mandatory for all 14 CFR
Part 139 certificated airports that have two or more runways.

Of the two surface painted holding position signs, the
left-of-centerline surface painted sign is mandatory even if the
vertical runway holding position sign exists. This requirement
standardizes the use (pilot expectation/human factor) of the surface
painted sign, thereby reducing confusion and runway incursions. The
right-of-centerline surface painted sign, which is highly recommended
for taxiway entrances serving airplane operations that require two
person crews, may be eliminated. The option to eliminate this
enhancement occurs only when a taxiway centerline is closer than 45 feet
(13.7 m) from the edge of the taxiway and a mandatory vertical hold sign
is in clear view.

Paragraph 26(b) describes other special situations when one of the
enhancements may be eliminated. For airports with one or more runways,
any taxiway entrance of insufficient lead-in length, such as
non-standard separation between a runway and parallel taxiway, that
causes this enhancement to be painted on or very close to a parallel
taxiway must have both surface painted signs. For airports with one or
more runways, any taxiway entrance whose width measures more than 200
feet (61 m) at the runway holding position requires several surface
painted holding position signs. This latter requirement is in direct
response to reducing documented runway incursions at such locations.
Paragraph 26(b) determines the number of surface painted holding signs
for such locations.

Taxiway entrances that serve multiple runways require that the surface
painted signs contain all runway designators with directional arrows.
The purpose for requiring the inclusion of the directional arrows is
eliminating "wrong runway" takeoffs. In certain cases where the taxiway
geometry is narrow and/or complex, such as narrow entrance taxiways,
special procedures to fit the enhancements should be followed. Paragraph
26(d) and Figure C-4 provide such guidance on dealing with these
situations. In all cases, this surface painted marking is never painted
over the taxiway centerline or onto the taxiway shoulders. The surface
painted marking, which became part of the standard signage requirement
under 14 CFR Part 139.311(b)(1)(ii), has a compliance date of December
31, 2010.

**b. Location.** The surface painted holding position signs are
recommended on the left and to the right of the taxiway centerline (see
paragraph 26(a) to determine when they are mandatory). It might not be
possible to install surface painted holding position signs on both sides
of the taxiway centerline, particularly where taxiway centerlines
converge just prior to the runway holding position marking. In these
cases, the surface painted holding position signs may be omitted on one
side. Additionally, surface painted hold position signs are to be at
least 2 feet from the edge of the inside taxiway edge marking or from
the edge of the taxiway when there are no taxiway edge markings. Holding
position signs must ***not*** be painted on runways. Airports with one
or more runways having a taxiway entrance with a width of more than 200
feet (61 m) at the runway holding position require several surface
painted holding position signs. At such locations, place one surface
painted sign on the left-of-centerline taxiway entrance and place
additional surface painted signs every 100 feet (left or right) from the
taxiway centerline. Surface painted location signs may be located along
with the surface painted holding position signs when adequate pavement
width exists. In these cases, the surface painted signs will mimic the
mandatory hold position signs. If the collocated surface painted
location sign and mandatory sign serves two converging taxiways, then
the surface painted location sign should be located on the left of the
surface painted holding position sign. Surface painted taxiway direction
signs are not to be co-located with a surface painted holding position
sign.

**(1)** The surface painted holding position signs may be located
parallel to the runway holding position marking:

**(i)** At a distance of 2 feet (.67m) to 4 feet (1.34m) prior to the
holding position marking to allow clearance of in-pavement runway guard
lights and/or stopbars (see Appendix 3, Figures C-4 and C-5), and

**(ii)** At a distance of 3 to 10 feet (1--3 m) from the center of the
taxiway centerline. If the holding position marking and the taxiway
centerline are not perpendicular to each other, then this distance
should be measured from the center of the taxiway centerline to the
nearest corner of the surface painted holding position sign (see
Appendix 3, Figure C-5).

**(2)** Alternately, surface painted holding position signs may be
located perpendicular to the taxiway centerline:

**(i)** At a distance of 3 -- 10 feet (1 -- 3 m) from the center of the
taxiway centerline

**(ii)** The distance measured from the runway holding position marking
to the nearest corner of one of the surface painted holding position
sign should be 2 -- 4 feet (0.6 -- 1.2 m).

**(3)** Surface painted holding position signs located between two
taxiway centerlines should be:

**(i)** Parallel to the runway holding position marking.

**(ii)** Approximately equidistant from both taxiway centerlines at a
distance of no less then 3 feet (1 m) or more than 15 feet (4.57 m) from
either taxiway centerline as measured from the center of the taxiway
centerlines to the nearest corner of the surface painted holding
position sign.

**(4)** If two or more taxiway centerlines intersect the runway holding
position marking or intersect each other within 15 feet (4.57 m) of the
runway holding position, there might not be enough space for two or more
surface painted holding position signs. These locations will require
individual assessment for applying surface painted holding position
signs that take into account such factors as taxi route usage rate and
space.

**c. Color.** The surface painted holding position sign has a red
background with a white inscription, and will be outlined in black on
light colored pavements. The black border around the white alphanumerics
required on the actual mandatory holding position sign is not necessary
on the surface painted holding position signs

**d. Characteristics.** The inscription is to have a height of 12 feet
(3.67m), however it may be reduced, as necessary to the minimum height
of 9 feet (3m). If it is necessary to reduce the height below 12 feet at
one location on the airport, the airport operator may want to reduce all
surface painted holding position signs on the airport to the same height
in order to avoid the need for multiple stencils. However, the height of
the surface painted holding position signs should be uniform for each
holding position. The width of the letters, numbers, and other symbols
used in the inscription must be proportional to the height in order to
conform in appearance to the letters, numbers, and other symbols in
Appendix 1. The background is rectangular and extends a minimum of 15
inches (38 cm) laterally and vertically beyond the extremities of the
inscription. The surface painted holding position sign may be eliminated
if it would extend onto another taxiway. In certain cases where the
taxiway geometry is narrow and/or complex, such as narrow entrance
taxiways, special procedures as described in Figure C-4 to fit the
enhancement(s) allow the height to be lower than 9 feet (3 m) but not
below 3 feet (1 m.) In this special application, only this surface
enhancement(s) will differ in height as compared to all other runway
holding positions. In all cases, this surface painted marking is never
painted over the taxiway centerline or onto the taxiway shoulders.

**27. SURFACE PAINTED TAXIWAY DIRECTION SIGNS.**

**a. Purpose.** Surface painted taxiway direction signs will be provided
when it is not possible to provide taxiway direction signs at
intersections in accordance with AC 150/5340-18 or, when necessary, to
supplement such signs.

**b. Location.** Surface painted taxiway direction signs are 3 feet (1
m) from the centerline with signs indicating turns to the left being on
the left side of the taxiway centerline and signs indicating turns to
the right being on the right side of the centerline, as shown in Figure
13. Taxiway direction signs are [not]{.underline} painted on runways, or
between a runway holding position and a runway. For taxiways
intersecting at 90 degrees a surface painted taxiway direction sign is
combined with arrows to indicate directions and is located on the left
side of the taxiway centerline.

**(1)** When a direction sign is not installed along side of the
taxiway, the surface painted taxiway direction sign is located at the
same distance from the intersection as the distance specified in AC
150/5340-18.

**(2)** When a surface painted taxiway direction sign supplements a
direction sign installed along side of the taxiway, the surface painted
direction sign may be located at or anywhere between the distance
specified in subparagraph (1) above and the point of divergence of the
painted centerlines.

**c. Color.** Surface painted taxiway direction signs have a yellow
background with a black inscription.

**d. Characteristics**. The inscription is to have a height of 12 feet
(3.67m), however it may be reduced, as necessary to the minimum height
of 9 feet (3m). The width of the letters, numbers, and other symbols
used in the inscription must be proportional to the height in order to
conform in appearance to the letters, numbers, and other symbols in
Appendix 1. Each taxiway designation must be accompanied by an arrow
showing the general direction of turn. The background is rectangular and
extends a minimum of 15 inches (38 cm) laterally and vertically beyond
the extremities of the inscription. A 6-inch (15 cm) wide vertical black
stripe separates each taxiway designation when more than one designation
is included on either side of the centerline.

**28. SURFACE PAINTED TAXIWAY LOCATION SIGNS.**

**a. Purpose.** Surface painted taxiway location signs are used, when
necessary, to supplement the signs located along side the taxiway and
assist the pilot in confirming the designation of the taxiway on which
the aircraft is located.

**b. Location.** The surface painted taxiway location signs are normally
located on the right side of the taxiway centerline as shown in Figure
13. The edge of the surface painted taxiway location sign should be 3
feet (1 m) from the edge of the taxiway centerline. However, a surface
painted taxiway location sign can be located on the left side of the
taxiway centerline if it is located with a surface painted taxiway
holding position sign on a large expanse of pavement. Location signs are
[not]{.underline} painted on runways, or between a taxiway/runway
holding position and a runway.

**c. Color.** Surface painted taxiway location signs have a black
background with a yellow inscription and yellow border around its
perimeter.

**d.** **Characteristics.** The inscription is to have a height of 12
feet (3.67m), however it may be reduced, as necessary to the minimum
height of 9 feet (3m). The width of the letters, numbers, and other
symbols used in the inscription must be proportional to the height in
order to conform in appearance to the letters, numbers, and other
symbols in Appendix 1. The background is rectangular and extends a
minimum of 15 inches (38 cm), including the 6 inch (15 cm) yellow
border, laterally and vertically beyond the extremities of the
inscription.

**29. SURFACE PAINTED GATE IDENTIFICATION
SIGNS**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc460290674 .anchor}**.**

**a. Purpose.** Surface painted gate identification signs are used, when
necessary, to assist pilots in locating their destination gate. They are
especially useful for low visibility operations.

**b. Location.** Surface painted gate identification signs may be
installed in non-movement areas or movement areas, which are in the
proximity of terminal buildings, as shown in Figure 14. They are located
adjacent to taxiway centerlines on the side to which a turn will be made
to travel toward the gate(s).

**c. Color.** Surface painted gate identification signs have a yellow
background with a black inscription.

**d. Characteristics.** For surface painted gate identification signs
containing one row of gate designations, as shown in Figure 14, the
inscriptions must have a maximum height of 4 feet (1.2 m). For gate
identification signs containing more than one row of gate designations,
also shown in Figure 14, the inscriptions must have a minimum height of
3 feet (1 m). The width of the letters, numbers, and other symbols used
in the inscription must be proportional to the height in order to
conform in appearance to the letters, numbers, and other symbols in
Appendix 1. The background is rectangular and extends a minimum of 15
inches (38 cm) laterally and vertically beyond the extremities of the
inscriptions. There is no maximum size for a surface painted
identification sign of more than one row. A range of gates should be
indicated with a "dash" (i.e. gate A1 through A4 is indicated by "A1 -
A4"). Non-sequential individual gates contained within the same gate
identification sign should be separated by a "comma" (i.e., "B1, B3,
B5").

**30. SURFACE PAINTED APRON ENTRANCE POINT SIGNS.**

**a. Purpose.** Surface painted apron entrance point signs are used,
when needed, to assist pilots in locating their position on an apron,
which has a large expanse of continuous pavement along the edge of the
terminal apron. They are especially useful to identify entrances and
exits from the terminal apron.

**b. Location.** Surface painted apron entrance point signs may be
installed in non-movement areas or movement areas which are in the
proximity of an apron leading to the terminal buildings, as shown in
Figure 15. They are located 7 feet from the taxiway centerlines on the
side to which a turn will be made to travel toward the apron.

**c. Color.** The surface painted apron entrance point sign has a yellow
background with a black inscription and black border around its
perimeter as shown in Figure 15.

**d. Characteristics.** The surface painted apron entrance point sign
consists of two 9-foot (3 m) diameter circles located 7 feet from the
associated taxiway/apron entrance centerline with a line leading to
another 9-foot (3 m) diameter circle on the apron. Each one of three
circles is comprised of a 6-inch (15 cm) outer back ring with an 8 foot
(2.7 m) diameter yellow circle in the middle. The numeric identification
of the three associated markings should be the same. The inscription
inside the circle should be a number only, black in color and 4 feet
(1.3 m) in height. The width of the numbers used in the inscription must
be proportional to the height in order to conform in appearance to the
numbers in Appendix 1. When installed on asphalt or other dark-colored
pavements, the white ring is substituted for the black ring.

**31. TAXIWAY SHOULDER MARKINGS**[]{#__RefHeading___Toc460290676
.anchor}**.**

**a. Purpose.** Holding bays, aprons, and taxiways are sometimes
provided with shoulder stabilization to prevent blast and water erosion.
This stabilization may have the appearance of a full strength pavement
but is not intended for use by aircraft. Usually the taxiway edge
marking will define this area, but conditions may exist such as
stabilized islands or taxiway curves where confusion may exist as to
which side of the edge stripe is intended for use by aircraft. Where
such a condition exists, taxiway shoulder markings should be used to
indicate the pavement is not to be used to taxi an aircraft.

**b. Location.** On straight sections, the marks are placed at a maximum
spacing of 100 feet (30 m). On curves, the marks are placed a maximum of
50 feet (15 m) apart between the curve tangents.

**c. Color.** Taxiway shoulder markings are yellow. It is also
acceptable to paint the stabilized island area green in lieu of shoulder
markings, and to use green on both stabilized surfaces and structural
pavement.

**d. Characteristics.** The stabilized area is marked with 3-foot (1 m)
yellow stripes perpendicular to the edge stripes as shown in Figure 16.
The stripes are extended to 5 feet (1.5 m) from the edge of the
stabilized area or to 25 feet (7.5 m) in length, whichever is less.

**32. GEOGRAPHIC POSITION MARKINGS.**

**a. Purpose.** Geographic position markings are installed when points
are necessary to identify the location of taxiing aircraft during low
visibility operations. Low visibility operations are those that occur
when the runway visual range (RVR) is below 1200 feet (350 m).

**b. Location.** These markings are located along low visibility taxi
routes designated in the airport's SMGCS plan. They are positioned to
the left of the taxiway centerline in the direction of taxiing. When the
geographic position marking will be used by Air Traffic Control to
designate a holding position, it will always be located in conjunction
with and prior to the holding position marking as shown in Figure 17.
When the geographic position marking is not used as a holding position,
the installation of a holding position and clearance bar is optional.
The geographic position marking shall not be located at a runway holding
position for the low visibility runway but may be located at the holding
positions for other runways that the designated taxi route crosses.
Unless the geographic position marking is located at a runway holding
position (see paragraph 23), a taxiway/taxiway holding position marking
should be used (see paragraph 25). If the geographic position marking is
located at a holding position along a taxi route designated for use in
visibilities below 600 RVR, then a clearance bar consisting of three
yellow lights must also be installed in conjunction with the geographic
position marking and holding position marking. On a particular airport,
the airport operator in coordination with the regional Airports
Division, will determine where these markings are needed.

**c. Color.** A geographic position marking is a 7 foot (2.3 m) diameter
pink circle surrounded by a 6 inch wide white ring contiguous to a 6
inch wide black outer ring, when installed on concrete or other light
colored pavements as shown in Figure 17. When installed on asphalt or
other dark-colored pavements, the white ring and the black ring are
reversed, i.e., the white ring becomes the outer ring and the black ring
becomes the inner ring.

**d. Characteristics.** Geographic position markings are designated with
either a number or a number and letter. The number corresponds to the
consecutive position of the marking on the route. When used the letter
indicates the letter designation of the taxiway on which the marking is
located. If a geographic position marking is located on a taxiway with
an alphanumeric designation only the alpha portion of the designation
should be used for designating the geographic position markings. For
example, the fourth spot on the route is located on Taxiway A7. The
alphanumeric designation for this spot would be "4A." The geographic
position marking is never designated with a letter followed by a number.
The designation of the geographic position marking should be centered in
the circle. The designation is black, has a height of 4 feet (1.3 m) and
conforms in appearance to the numbers and letters in Appendix 1.

33\. RESERVED.

34\. RESERVED.

This page intentionally left blank.

**4. ENHANCED RUNWAY HOLDING POSITION MARKINGS.** The enhanced runway
holding position marking, applicable only to those taxiway entrances
that serve Airplane Design Group (ADG) V or VI airplanes, measures 125
feet (38 m) from one paved shoulder to the other paved shoulder, i.e.,
62.5 feet (19 m) from the main taxiway centerline. Figure C-3
illustrates the enhanced surface marking on a standard 75-foot (23 m)
wide taxiway with standard 35-foot (10.5 m) wide taxiway shoulder for
ADG V.

![](media/image3.jpeg){width="5.0in" height="4.75in"}

**Figure C-3. Enhanced Runway Holding Position Markings on Taxiways**

**5. SURFACE PAINTED HOLDING POSITION SIGNS.**

![](media/image4.jpeg){width="4.5in" height="4.436805555555556in"}

+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Dime  | Dimension   | Notes                                         |
| nsion |             |                                               |
| L     | feet        |                                               |
| etter | (meters)    |                                               |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| A     | 2 -- 4      |                                               |
|       |             |                                               |
|       | (0.67 --    |                                               |
|       | 1.34)       |                                               |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| B     | 3 -- 10     |                                               |
|       |             |                                               |
|       | (0.91 --    |                                               |
|       | 2.75)       |                                               |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| C     | 9 -- 12     | The inscriptions must have a height of 12     |
|       |             | feet (3.67 m); however, the height may be     |
|       | (3.0 --     | reduced, as necessary, to the minimum height  |
|       | 3.67)       | of 9 feet (3 m). In special situations, the   |
|       |             | surface painted marking may be reduced below  |
|       |             | 9 feet (3 m) in order to fit the marking      |
|       |             | appropriately. Examples include taxiways with |
|       |             | widths narrower than 75 feet (23 m) or        |
|       |             | taxiways that need to display multiple runway |
|       |             | designations with arrows. In all cases, the   |
|       |             | inscriptions follow Appendix 1 inscription    |
|       |             | criteria. All other taxiway entrances to the  |
|       |             | same runway not needing the reduction are to  |
|       |             | maintain the 12 foot (3 m) height dimension.  |
|       |             | For practicality, the lowest height reduction |
|       |             | is 3 feet (1 m).                              |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| D     | 15 inches   |                                               |
|       |             |                                               |
|       | (38 cm)     |                                               |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| E     | 9           |                                               |
|       |             |                                               |
|       | (2.75)      |                                               |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| F     | 3           |                                               |
|       |             |                                               |
|       | (0.91)      |                                               |
+-------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+

**Figure C-4. Surface Painted Holding Position Signs**

![](media/image5.jpeg){width="5.125in" height="4.305555555555555in"}

+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Dime  | Dimension | Notes                                           |
| nsion |           |                                                 |
| L     | feet      |                                                 |
| etter | (meters)  |                                                 |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| A     | 2 -- 4    |                                                 |
|       |           |                                                 |
|       | (0.67 --  |                                                 |
|       | 1.34)     |                                                 |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| B     | 3 -- 10   |                                                 |
|       |           |                                                 |
|       | (0.91 --  |                                                 |
|       | 2.75)     |                                                 |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| C     | 9 -- 12   | The inscriptions must have a height of 12 feet  |
|       |           | (3.67 m); however, the height may be reduced,   |
|       | (3.0 --   | as necessary, to the minimum height of 9 feet   |
|       | 3.67)     | (3 m). In special situations, the surface       |
|       |           | painted marking may be reduced below 9 feet (3  |
|       |           | m) in order to fit the marking appropriately.   |
|       |           | Examples include taxiways with widths narrower  |
|       |           | than 75 feet (23 m) or taxiways that need to    |
|       |           | display multiple runway designations with       |
|       |           | arrows. In all cases, the inscriptions follow   |
|       |           | Appendix 1 inscription criteria. All other      |
|       |           | taxiway entrances to the same runway not        |
|       |           | needing the reduction are to maintain the 12    |
|       |           | foot (3 m) height dimension. For practicality,  |
|       |           | the lowest height reduction is 3 feet (1 m).    |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| D     | 15 inches |                                                 |
|       |           |                                                 |
|       | (38 cm)   |                                                 |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| E     | 9         |                                                 |
|       |           |                                                 |
|       | (2.75)    |                                                 |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| F     | 3         |                                                 |
|       |           |                                                 |
|       | (0.91)    |                                                 |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+

**Figure C-5. Surface Painted Holding Position Signs when Taxiway
Centerline is not Perpendicular to Runway Holding Position Marking**

![](media/image6.jpeg){width="4.05in" height="4.170833333333333in"}

+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Dime  | Dimension   | Notes                                          |
| nsion |             |                                                |
| L     | feet        |                                                |
| etter | (meters)    |                                                |
+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+
| A     | 2 -- 4      |                                                |
|       |             |                                                |
|       | (0.67 --    |                                                |
|       | 1.34)       |                                                |
+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+
| B     | 3 -- 10     |                                                |
|       |             |                                                |
|       | (0.91 --    |                                                |
|       | 2.75)       |                                                |
+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+
| C     | 9 -- 12     | The inscriptions must have a height of 12 feet |
|       |             | (3.67 m); however, the height may be reduced,  |
|       | (3.0 --     | as necessary, to the minimum height of 9 feet  |
|       | 3.67)       | (3 m). In special situations, the surface      |
|       |             | painted marking may be reduced below 9 feet (3 |
|       |             | m) in order to fit the marking appropriately.  |
|       |             | Examples include taxiways with widths narrower |
|       |             | than 75 feet (23 m) or taxiways that need to   |
|       |             | display multiple runway designations with      |
|       |             | arrows. In all cases, the inscriptions follow  |
|       |             | Appendix 1 inscription criteria. All other     |
|       |             | taxiway entrances to the same runway not       |
|       |             | needing the reduction are to maintain the 12   |
|       |             | foot (3 m) height dimension. For practicality, |
|       |             | the lowest height reduction is 3 feet (1 m).   |
+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+
| D     | 15 inches   |                                                |
|       | (38 cm)     |                                                |
+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+
| E     | 9 (2.75)    |                                                |
+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+
| F     | 3 (0.91)    |                                                |
+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+
| G     | 4           | From edge of red border                        |
|       |             |                                                |
|       | (1.3)       |                                                |
+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+
| H     | 2           | From outermost edge of main yellow taxiway     |
|       |             | centerline                                     |
|       | (0.65)      |                                                |
+-------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+

> **Note**: Because the geographic position marking cannot be located at
> a runway holding position for the low-visibility runway (see Paragraph
> 32(b)), this figure would apply only where the designated taxi route
> for low-visibility operations crosses a runway that is not itself the
> low-visibility runway.
>
> Figure C-6. Surface Painted Holding Position Signs Co-Located with a
> Geographic Position Marking