CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 02200

[EARTHWORK]{.underline}

Page

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 Summary [2](#summary)

1.02 References [2](#references)

1.03 Definitions [3](#definitions)

1.04 Submittals [3](#submittals)

1.05 Quality Assurance [4](#quality-assurance)

1.06 Project Conditions [4](#project-conditions)

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 Soil Materials [6](#soil-materials)

2.02 Accessories [7](#accessories)

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 Preparation [8](#preparation)

3.02 Clearing And Grubbing [9](#clearing-and-grubbing)

3.03 Excavation [9](#excavation)

3.04 Backfill And Fill [11](#backfill-and-fill)

3.05 Compaction [12](#compaction)

3.06 Grading [13](#__RefHeading___Toc26084685)

3.07 Building Slab Drainage Course [14](#building-slab-drainage-course)

3.08 Maintenance [14](#maintenance)

3.09 Disposal Of Excess And Waste Material
[14](#disposal-of-excess-and-waste-material)

3.10 Record Drawings [15](#record-drawings)

CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 02200

[EARTHWORK]{.underline}

# PART 1 - GENERAL

## 1.01 summary

A. Earthwork includes, but is not limited to clearing, preparing,
grading, excavating, filling, backfilling and compacting of soils as
necessary to accomplish finished construction as indicated on the
drawings.

B. Excavation for Mechanical/Electrical Work: Excavation and backfill
required in conjunction with underground mechanical and electrical
utilities and buried mechanical and electrical appurtenances is included
as work of this section.

C. Related Section: Refer to Section 03300, "Cast-In-Place Concrete" for
general excavation requirements.

D. Related Section: Refer to Section 01563, "Dust Control" for general
dust control and air quality permitting requirements.

## 1.02 References

A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

C131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse
Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine

C136 Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

D1557 Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and
Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 10-lb (4.54-kg) Rammer and 18-in. (457-Mm)
Drop

D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density of Soils Using a Vibratory
Table

D4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density of Soils and Calculation of
Relative Density

D4318 Standard Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and
Plasticity Index of Soils.

B. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

Title 29 Part 1926.650 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction

## 1.03 DEFINITIONS

A. Borrow: Soil material obtained off-site when sufficient approved soil
material is not available from excavations.

B. Drainage Fill: Course of washed granular materials supporting
slab-on-grade, placed to cut off upward capillary flow of pore water.

C. Excavation: The removal of material encountered to subgrade
elevations and the reuse or disposal of material removed.

D. Structures: Building, footing, foundations, retaining walls, slabs,
tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made
stationary features constructed above or below ground surface.

E. Subgrade: The uppermost surface of an excavation or the top surface
of a fill or backfill immediately below subbase, drainage fill, or
topsoil material.

F. Unauthorized Excavation: Removing materials beyond indicated subgrade
elevations or dimensions without direction by the Sandia Delegated
Representative (SDR).

G. Utilities: On site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables, as
well as underground services within building lines.

H. Flowable Concrete Backfill: Controlled low-strength flowable backfill
with no less than 6 inch (152 mm) slump and no more than 10 inch (254
mm) slump.

I. Subbase Course: The layer placed between the subgrade and base course
in a paving system or the layer placed between the subgrade and surface
of a pavement or walk.

J. Base Course: The layer placed between the subbase and surface
pavement in a paving system.

K. Bedding Course: The Course placed over excavated sub-grade in a
trench before laying pipe.

L. Backfill: Soil material or engineered lower strength material used to
fill an excavation.

## 1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. General: Submit the following items in accordance with Conditions of
Contract and Section 01330, \"Submittal Procedures.\"

B. Product Data: Submit product data for the following materials and
items. Include laboratory test reports and other data to show compliance
with specifications (including specified standards).

1.  Each type of plastic warning tape.

2.  Controlled low-strength material, including design mixture.

C. Test Reports: Submit test reports required under Quality Assurance as
well as the following:

1\. Laboratory analysis of each soil material proposed for fill and
backfill from on-site and borrow sources.

2\. One \"Optimum Moisture - Maximum Density Curve\" for each soil
material.

3\. Report of actual unconfined compressive strength and/or results of
bearing tests of each stratum tested.

D. Traffic Plan: Contractor shall submit a proposed traffic plan prior
to start of construction if required in the Contract documents. Traffic
plan shall consist of the following:

1\. How street(s) will be flagged and barricaded.

2\. How street will be maintained.

3\. Placement and size of steel plates to be used.

4\. Duration of street closure.

E. Pre-excavation Site Survey: document existing conditions of adjoining
construction and site improvements, including finish surfaces, which
might be misconstrued as damage by earthwork operations before earthwork
operations begin. Arrange for photo and/or video documentation with SDR.

F. Pre-excavation site meeting: meeting conducted at project site to
clarify existing conditions and project specific hazards and tasks prior
to excavation.

## 1.05 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) will engage a soil testing and
inspection service for quality control testing during earthwork
operations. Should initial tests of Contractor's work indicate
noncompliance with the specification, the Contractor shall make
corrections as directed. Retesting required to determine compliance with
this specification shall be performed by an approved testing laboratory
at the Contractor\'s expense.

## 1.06 PROJECT CONDITIONS

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) requires an Excavation Permit prior
to most earthwork and excavation activities. Refer to Construction
Standard Specification Section 01065, ES&H for Construction and Service
Contracts, for specific permitting requirements.

A. Spotted utilities: Contractor shall maintain all utility markings
spotted by SNL throughout the duration of the project.

B. Existing Utilities: Locate existing underground utilities in areas of
work. If utilities are to remain in place, provide adequate means of
support and protection during earthwork operations. Should uncharted, or
incorrectly charted, piping or other utilities be encountered during
excavation, notify the SDR. Do not interrupt existing utilities without
following the Standard Facilities Engineering procedures for utility
outage. Provide a minimum of 2 weeks\' notice when practical, and await
notice to proceed before interrupting any utilities.

C. Known Utilities: Type and location of known existing utilities and
obstructions which are shown on the drawings are approximate, but are
based on the best information available. Protect these and other
utilities which are made known to General Contractor prior to
excavation. Determine exact location of all known utilities by
performing exploratory hand excavation to expose the utility. Hand
excavate at least 5 feet (1.5 m) each side of the indicated location
unless the utility is located sooner. Remainder of excavation shall be
completed only after the SDR has approved location of known utilities.
When electrified utilities are to be removed, safety precautions
specified under the procedure for unknown utilities shall be adhered to.

If movement of traffic or public safety makes it necessary to backfill
an exploratory excavation after the utility has been located, a suitable
marker shall be installed to permanently mark the location.

D. Unknown Utilities: In the event that unidentified conduits, concrete
encased ducts or pipes are encountered that must be removed, all work on
that part of the job will stop until the SDR is contacted proper
procedures are followed per Standard Specification 01065 and resumption
of work is authorized.

E. Underground Telephone Cable: Where an underground telephone cable is
shown on the Contract drawings, NO excavation is to be attempted in that
vicinity until the line is properly located and staked by the Air Force
Communications Service (AFCS). If an unknown cable is identified as a
telephone cable during an excavation, all excavation is to cease until
the AFCS identifies and properly stakes the cable locations in the
vicinity of the excavation. (For assistance call 844-8411.)

F. Use of Explosives: The use of explosives is not permitted.

G. Protection of Persons and Property: Flag and barricade open
excavations occurring as part of this work. Protect structures,
utilities, sidewalks, pavements and other facilities from damage caused
by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards
created by earthwork operations.

1\. Contractor shall be responsible for protection of personnel and
property in the work area for the duration of the Contract.

2\. Keep excavation free of water from any source at all times. Provide
and operate pumps if necessary. Remove water from site in manner to
avoid damage to adjoining property.

H. Pollution Control:

1\. Comply with governing regulations pertaining to environmental
protection prior to beginning any earthwork.

2\. Comply with Construction Standard Specification 01563 "Dust
Control".

3\. Implement the project specific SWPPP if the project requires prior
to any disturbance.

4\. Projects that do not require a fugitive dust permit or a SWPPP are
still required to take the appropriate measures to limit dust, sediment,
and other particulate matter from leaving the site. Use water
sprinkling, temporary enclosures, and other suitable methods to limit
amount of dust and dirt rising and scattering in the air to lowest
practical level. Use appropriate sediment controls to prevent offsite
sediment transportation and to protect storm drain inlets as required.

5\. Clean adjacent structures and improvements of dust, dirt, and debris
caused by earthworking operations, as directed by the SDR. Return
adjacent areas to conditions existing prior to the start of the work.

I. Street Crossings: Excavations shall be conducted in a manner so as to
cause the least interruption of traffic. Maintain half the width of the
street open at all times unless prior approval from the SDR has been
given to close the street. Request to close a street must be presented
in writing to the SDR at least 2 weeks prior to the requested closing
date.

# PART 2 - PRODUCTS

## 2.01 SOIL MATERIALS

A. General: Unless otherwise noted on the Contract documents, the
existing site soils shall be used for fill and backfill materials. If
the on-site soils are found by laboratory test to be unsuitable for fill
and backfill material, contact the SDR for direction.

Any additional fill material used must conform with the applicable
requirements of this section.

B. Structural Fill: Structural fill shall consist of a controlled fill
placed in areas indicated on the drawings.

1\. Structural fill material shall consist of soils that conform to the
following physical characteristics:

Sieve Size Percent Passing

[(Square Openings)]{.underline} [by Weight]{.underline}

6 inch (152 mm) 100

No. 4 (4.75 mm) 50 - 100

No. 200 (600 μm) 10 - 30

2\. The plasticity index of material, as determined in accordance with
ASTM D4318 shall not exceed 15.

3\. The fill material shall be free from roots, grass, other vegetable
matter, clay lumps, rocks larger than 6 inches (152 mm), or other
deleterious materials. Stripped top soil shall not be used in structural
fill.

C. Retaining Wall Backfill: Retaining wall backfill material shall be
free-draining and conform to fill quality requirements as follows:

Sieve Size Percent Passing

[(Square Openings)]{.underline} [by Dry Weight]{.underline}

3/4 inch (19.1 mm) 100

No. 4 (4.75 mm) 30 - 80

No. 200 (600 μm) 0 - 5

The material should have a plasticity index of less than 5 when tested
in accordance with ASTM D4318.

D. Granular Base

1\. Granular base shall meet the following grading requirements as
determined in accordance with ASTM C136.

Sieve Size Percent Passing

[(Square Openings)]{.underline} [by Dry Weight]{.underline}

1 inch (25 mm) 100

3/4 inch (19.1 mm) 80 - 100

No. 4 (4.75 mm) 30 - 60

No. 200 (600 μm) 3 - 10

2\. The granular base shall have a plasticity index of no greater than 3
when tested in accordance with ASTM D4318. The coarse aggregate shall
have a percent of wear, when subjected to the Los Angeles abrasion test
(ASTM C131), of no greater than 50. Reconstituted asphalt base course is
allowable when meeting these gradations.

E. Bedding: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or
crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940;
except with 100 percent passing a 1-inch (25-mm) sieve and not more than
8 percent passing a No. 200 90.075-mm) sieve.

## 

## 2.02 ACCESSORIES

#### Warning Tape: Non-Detectable Warning Tape shall be installed above underground ducts or duct bank systems for electric and telecommunications systems only. All other underground utilities require Detectable Warning Tape.

#### Detectable Warning Tape: Provide an inert polyethylene film detectable warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities. The warning tape shall be a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) wide with a minimum metallic foil core of 0.35 mils (0.0089 mm)and shall be reinforced, consisting of 5.0 mil (0.13 mm) total thickness, and shall bear a continuous printed message designating the utility type repeated every 36". The warning tape shall be "Terra Tape Sentry Line Detectable" as manufactured by Reef Industries, Inc., or approved equal. The warning tape shall be colored in accordance with American Public Works Association (APWA) recommended color code for marking buried lines of all types.

#### Non-Detectable Warning Tape: Provide an inert polyethylene film non-detectable warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities. The warning tape shall be a minimum of 6 inches (152 mm) wide and a minimum of 4.0 mil (0.1 mm) total thickness, and shall bear a continuous printed message designating the utility type repeated every 36". The tape shall be "Terra Tape Standard" as manufactured by Reef Industries, Inc., or approved equal. The tape shall be colored in accordance with American Public Works Association (APWA) recommended color code for marking buried lines of all types.

A.  Color Codes:

    Electric - Red

    Gas - Yellow

    Water - Blue

    Steam - Yellow

    Sewer - Green

    Communications - Orange

B.  Text: The lettering shall be repeated continuously for the full
    length of the tape as follows:

**CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION**

**BURIED (UTILITY TYPE) LINE BELOW**

# PART 3 - EXECUTION

## 3.01 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other
facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement,
undermining, washout and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

B. Protect subgrades and foundation soils against freezing temperatures
or frost and excessive drying or wetting. Provide protective insulating
materials as necessary.

C. Protection of Personnel: Flag and barricade open excavations
occurring as part of this work.

D. Provide erosion control measures to prevent erosion or displacement
of soils and discharge of soil-bearing water run-off or airborne dust to
adjacent properties and walkways.

## 3.02 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

A. General: Clearing and grubbing will be required for all areas
indicated on the drawings to be excavated, improved on or which fill is
to be constructed. All cleared and grubbed materials, including trash,
shall be deposited at the Kirtland Air Force Base Landfill or as
directed by the SDR.

B. Clearing and Grubbing: Clearing shall consist of removal and disposal
of trees, shrubbery and other vegetation as well as brush and rubbish
within the areas to be improved and constructed upon.

C. Grass and Topsoil: Grass, grass roots and incidental topsoil shall
not be left beneath fill area, nor shall this material be used as fill
or backfill material.

## 3.03 EXCAVATION

A. General: Excavate to contours, shapes, dimensions and elevations
required for the work indicated on the drawings; extend sufficiently to
permit form placing, inspection and removal. Undercutting is prohibited.

1\. Earth excavation shall consist of excavation and removal of suitable
soils for use as structural fill as well as satisfactory disposal of all
vegetation, debris and deleterious materials encountered within area to
be graded or in a borrow area, or any combination thereof.

2\. Excavated areas shall be continuously maintained in a manner so that
surfaces shall be smooth and have sufficient slope to allow water to
drain from surface.

3\. All existing man-made fill shall be removed in its entirety.

4\. Width of excavations shall be to dimensions indicated on drawings,
with additional space allowed as required for erection and stripping of
forms, and inspection of related work.

B. Unauthorized excavation consists of removal of materials beyond
indicated subgrade elevations or dimensions without specific direction
of the SDR. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed
by the SDR, shall be at Contractor\'s expense.

1\. Under footings, foundation bases, or retaining walls, fill
unauthorized excavation by extending indicated bottom elevation of
footing or base to excavation bottom, without altering required top
elevation. Flowable concrete fill (2000 psi minimum (14 MPa)) may be
used to bring elevations to proper position, when acceptable to the SDR.

2\. Elsewhere, backfill and compact unauthorized excavations as
specified for authorized excavations of same classifications, unless
otherwise directed by the SDR.

C. Additional Excavation: When excavation has reached required subgrade
elevations, notify the SDR who will make an inspection of conditions.

1\. If unsuitable bearing materials are encountered at required subgrade
elevations, immediately notify the SDR for direction.

2\. Removal of unsuitable material and its replacement shall be as
directed by the SDR.

D. Stability of Excavations: Slope sides of excavations where possible
in accordance with OSHA 1926.650. Shore and brace where sloping is not
possible because of space restrictions or stability of material
excavated. Maintain sides and slopes of excavations in safe condition
until completion of backfilling.

Shore all vertical cuts greater than 5 feet (1.5 m) in depth.

E. Dewatering: Prevent surface water and subsurface or ground water from
entering excavations, from ponding on prepared subgrades, and from
flooding project site and surrounding area. Remove water to prevent
softening of foundation bottoms, undercutting footings, and soil changes
detrimental to stability of subgrades and foundations.

F. Storage of Soil Materials: Stockpile excavated materials acceptable
for backfill and fill soil materials, including acceptable borrow
materials at a location on site as directed by the SDR. Stockpile soil
materials without intermixing. Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to
drain surface water. Cover to prevent wind-blown dust.

G. Excavation for Structures: Conform to elevations and dimensions shown
within a tolerance of plus or minus 0.10 foot (30.5 mm) and extending a
sufficient distance from footings and foundations to permit placing and
removal of concrete formwork, installation of service, other
construction, and for inspection.

H. Excavation for Pavements: Cut surface under pavements to comply with
cross-sections, elevations and grades as shown.

I. Excavation for Utility Trenches: Dig trenches to the uniform width
required for particular item to be installed, sufficiently wide to
provide ample working room. Provide minimum 6 inch (152 mm) clearance on
both sides of pipe or conduit.

1.  Follow the requirements in Construction Standard Specification
    Section 01701 "Subgrade Utilities AS-Built Requirements". As-built
    any changes found or made and return to SNL before job completion.

2.  Excavate trenches to depth indicated or required. Carry depth of
    trenches for piping to establish indicated flow lines and invert
    elevations.

3.  Where rock is encountered, carry excavation 6 inches (152 mm) below
    specified elevation and backfill with a 6 inch (152 mm) layer of
    crushed stone, gravel, or sand prior to pipe installation.

4.  Grade bottoms of trenches as indicated, notching under pipe bells to
    provide solid bearing for entire body of pipe.

5.  Do not backfill trenches until tests and inspections have been made
    and backfilling authorized by the SDR. Do not backfill until
    coordination of the required GPS "Utility Position Survey" for all
    new infrastructure and utility service installations per
    Construction Standard Specification Section 01701. Use care in
    backfilling to avoid damage or displacement of pipe systems.

6.  For grade dependent utilities, the entire length of trench between
    manholes or terminations shall be opened prior to placement of pipe.
    If existing utilities conflict with the new line, adjust the grade
    accordingly at the direction of the SDR.

J. Cold Weather Protection: Protect excavation bottoms against freezing
when atmospheric temperature is less than 35 degrees F (1.66 degrees C).

## 3.04 BACKFILL AND FILL

A. General: Place acceptable soil material in layers to required
subgrade elevations, for each area classification listed below:

1\. In excavations, use satisfactory excavated or borrow material.

2\. Under building slabs, use granular base material, or as noted on
drawing.

3\. Behind retaining walls, use retaining wall backfill material.

4\. Flowable concrete backfill may be used in lieu of soil when the
ability to compact is affected by conditions such as safety or tight
conditions.

B. Backfill excavation as promptly as work permits, but not until
completion of the following:

1.  Acceptance of construction below finish grade including, where
    applicable, dampproofing, waterproofing, and perimeter insulation.

2.  Inspection, testing, approval, recording locations and as-builting
    of underground utilities.

3.  Coordination of GPS Utility Position Survey per Standard
    Specification 01701 Subgrade Utilities As-Built Requirements.

4.  Removal of concrete formwork.

5.  Removal of temporary shoring and bracing, and backfilling of voids
    with satisfactory materials.

6.  Removal of trash and debris from excavation.

7.  Installing permanent or temporary horizontal bracing at horizontally
    supported walls.

C. Preparation: Remove vegetation, debris, unsatisfactory soil
materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface
prior to placement of fills. Plow, strip, or break-up sloped surfaces
steeper than one vertical to four horizontal so that fill material will
bond with existing surface.

Prior to placement of fill, notify the SDR who will make an inspection
of conditions to verify satisfactory removal of unsatisfactory
materials.

D. Placement and Compaction: Place backfill and fill materials in layers
not more than 8 inches (203 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by
heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 6 inches (152 mm) loose
depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers.

1\. Before compaction, moisten or aerate each layer as necessary to
provide optimum moisture content. Compact each layer to required
percentage of maximum dry density or relative dry density for each area
classification. Do not place backfill or fill material on surfaces that
are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

2\. Place backfill and fill materials evenly adjacent to structures,
piping or conduit to required elevations. Take care to prevent wedging
action of backfill against structures or displacement of piping or
conduit by carrying material uniformly around structure, piping or
conduit to approximately same elevation in each lift.

E. Utility Trench Backfill: Place and compact bedding course on rock and
other unyielding bearing surfaces and to fill unauthorized excavations.
Shape bedding course to provide continuous support for bells, joints,
and barrels of pipes and for joints, fittings, and bodies of conduits.

1\. Backfill trenches with concrete where trench excavations pass under
column or wall footings. Concrete shall fill from the bottom of the
trench to the bottom of the footing and extend the full width of the
trench to 18 inches (457 mm) beyond the edge(s) of the footing.

2\. Provide 4-inch (102 mm) thick concrete base slab support for piping
or conduit less than 30 inches (762 mm) below surface of roadways. After
installation and testing, completely encase piping or conduit in a
minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) of concrete before backfilling or placing
roadway subbase.

3\. Install continuous warning tape at all utility trenches as they are
backfilled. Locate the tape approximately 36 inches (914 mm) above the
utility line, but not less than 12 inches (305 mm) below grade. Install
it directly above and parallel to the utility line with the printed side
up. Take necessary precautions to avoid distorting or misplacing the
tape as backfill continues.

4\. When backfilling gas utility trenches, follow the backfill
procedures listed in SNL Construction Standard Specification Section
02553 Exterior Gas Piping Systems - Part 3 Pipe.

5\. Do not backfill until coordination of the required GPS "Utility
Position Survey" for all new infrastructure and utility service
installations per Construction Standard Specification Section 01701.

## 3.05 COMPACTION

A. General: Control soil compaction during construction, providing
minimum percentage of density specified for each area classification
indicated below.

B. Percentage of Maximum Density Requirements: Compact soil to not less
than the following percentages of maximum density for soils which
exhibit a well-defined moisture-density relationship (cohesive soils)
determined in accordance with ASTM D1557 and not less than the following
percentages of relative density, determined in accordance with ASTM
D4253 and D4254, for soils which will not exhibit a well-defined
moisture-density relationship (cohesionless soils).

1\. Under Structures, Building Slabs, Steps, Pavement And Curb And
Gutter: Compact the top 12 inches (305 mm) below subgrade and each layer
of backfill or fill material at 95 percent maximum dry density unless
otherwise indicated on the drawings. (Exception: Utility trenches under
pavements; compact the top 6 inches (152 mm) at 95 percent maximum dry
density and each layer of backfill or fill material below subgrade at 90
percent maximum dry density unless otherwise indicated on the drawings.)
Where the native soil is cohesionless, compact top 12 inches (305 mm) to
a minimum relative density of 72 percent.

2\. Under Lawn or Unpaved Areas: Compact the top 6 inches (152 mm) below
subgrade and each layer of backfill or fill material at 85 percent
maximum dry density for clayey soils (more than 35 percent passing No.
200 sieve) and 90 percent relative density for all other soils.

3\. Under Walkways: Compact the top 6 inches (152 mm) below subgrade and
each layer of backfill or fill material at 90 percent maximum dry
density for clayey material or 90 percent relative density for all other
material.

C. Moisture Control: Where subgrade or layer of soil material must be
moisture conditioned before compaction, uniformly apply water to surface
of subgrade, or layer of soil material, to prevent free water appearing
on surface during or subsequent to compaction operations. Remove and
replace, or scarify and air dry, soil material that is too wet to permit
compaction to specified density.

D. Frequency of Tests: The following testing frequencies are the minimum
requirements. SNL reserves the right to conduct more frequent compaction
testing as project conditions require.

1.  Paved and Building Slab Areas: At sub-grade and at each compacted
    fill and backfill layer, at least one test for every 2000 SQ. Feet
    or less of paved area or building slab, but in no case fewer than
    three tests.

2.  Foundation Wall Backfill: At each compacted backfill layer, at least
    one test for every 100 feet or less of wall length, but no fewer
    than two tests.

3.  Trench Backfill: At each compacted initial and final backfill layer,
    at least one test for every 150 feet of trench length for each lift.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc26084685 .anchor}3.06 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas within limits of grading under this
section, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth finished surfaces
within specified tolerances, compact with uniform levels or slopes
between points where elevations are indicated, or between such points
and existing grades.

B. Grading Outside Building Lines: Grade areas adjacent to building
lines to drain away from structures and to prevent ponding. Finish
surfaces free from irregular surface changes and as follows:

1\. Lawn or Unpaved Areas: Finish areas to receive topsoil to within not
more than 0.10 foot (30.5 mm) above or below required subgrade
elevations.

2\. Walks: Shape surface of areas under walks to line, grade and
cross-section, with finish surface not more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)
above or below required subgrade elevation.

3\. Pavements: Shape surface of areas under pavement to line, grade and
cross-section, with finish surface not more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm)
above or 1 inch (25 mm) below required subgrade elevation.

C. Grading Surface of Fill Under Building Slabs: Grade smooth and even,
free of voids, compacted as specified, and to required elevation.
Provide final grades within a tolerance of 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) when
tested with a 10 foot (3 m) straightedge.

D. Compaction: After grading, compact subgrade surfaces to the depth and
indicated percentage of maximum or relative density for each area
classification.

## 3.07 BUILDING SLAB DRAINAGE COURSE

-   Drainage course consists of an engineered granular base material
    over subgrade surface to support concrete building slabs. Material
    properties and placement shall be as indicated in the contract
    drawings or the geotechnical report. Minimum drainage course
    thickness is 6 inches.

## 3.08 MAINTENANCE

A. Protection of Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic
and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris. Repair and re-establish
grades in settled, eroded, and rutted areas to specified tolerances.

B. Reconditioning Compacted Areas: Where completed compacted areas are
disturbed by subsequent construction operations or adverse weather,
scarify surface, re-shape, and compact to required density prior to
further construction.

C. Settling: Where settling is measurable or observable at excavated
areas during general project warranty period, remove surface (pavement,
lawn or other finish), add backfill material, compact, and replace
surface treatment. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of surface
or finish to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration
to greatest extent possible.

## 3.09 DISPOSAL OF EXCESS AND WASTE MATERIAL

Transport excess excavated material that is free of contaminates and
debris to designated soil storage areas on Kirtland Air Force Base.
Stockpile soil or spread as directed by the SDR.

## 3.10 RECORD DRAWINGS

The Contractor shall supply one full size red-lined set of as-built
drawings which identify the actual location of utility lines installed
and the horizontal location and depth of all existing lines encountered
during construction. The Contractor shall follow the requirements listed
in Standard Specification 01701 Subgrade Utilities As-Built
Requirements.

\- END OF SECTION -