Williamsville Series

\<@33\>\<i\>*Depth class:*\<p\> Very deep

\<@33\>\<i\>*Drainage class:*\<p\> Well drained

\<@33\>\<i\>*Permeability:*\<p\> Moderately slow

\<@33\>\<i\>*Parent material:*\<p\> Stratified clayey and loamy
sediments

\<@33\>\<i\>*Landform:*\<p\> Ridges and hillslopes

\<@33\>\<i\>*Landform position:*\<p\> Summits, backslopes, footslopes,
and shoulder slopes

\<@33\>\<i\>*Slope:*\<p\> 2 to 8 percent

\<@33\>\<i\>*Taxonomic class:*\<p\> Fine, mixed, active, thermic Typic
Hapludults

\<@27\>Commonly Associated Soils

\<@30\>Arundel, Lucy, Smithdale, and Troup soils are commonly associated
with the Williamsville series.

-   \<@49\>The moderately deep Arundel soils are on side slopes at lower
    elevations than the Williamsville soils.

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-   \<@29\>The Lucy and Troup soils are in positions similar to those of
    the Williamsville soils but have a thick, sandy epipedon.

-   \<@29\>The Smithdale soils are on dissected side slopes and are
    fine-loamy.

\<@27\>Typical Pedon

\<@30\>Typical pedon of Williamsville fine sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes;
about 2.5 miles southwest of Luverne; 2,000 feet west and 500 feet north
of the southeast corner of sec. 7, T. 8 N., R. 18 E.; USGS Luverne
topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 40 minutes 5 seconds N. and
long. 86 degrees 17 minutes 30 seconds W.

\<@23\>Ap---0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sand; weak
fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; few
fragments of silicified, fossil oyster shell; strongly acid; abrupt
smooth boundary.

\<@33\>E---6 to 11 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sand;
single grained; loose; many fine and medium roots; few fine fragments of
silicified, fossil oyster shell; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

\<@33\>BE---11 to 15 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam;
strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common medium and few
fine and coarse roots; few fine fragments of silicified, fossil oyster
shell; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy
boundary.

\<@33\>Bt1---15 to 28 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay; moderate
medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium angular
blocky; firm; few fine and medium roots; continuous distinct clay films
on faces of peds; few fine fragments of silicified, fossil oyster shell;
common fine flakes of mica; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)
masses of iron accumulation that are relict redoximorphic features; very
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

\<@33\>Bt2---28 to 42 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay; moderate
coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular and
subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; continuous distinct clay films
on faces of peds; few fine fragments of silicified, fossil oyster shell;
common fine flakes of mica; few medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR
6/8) masses of iron accumulation that are relict redoximorphic features;
very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

\<@33\>Bt3---42 to 48 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak
coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on
faces of peds; few fine fragments of silicified, fossil oyster shell;
common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

\<@33\>Bt4---48 to 60 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak
coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on
faces of peds; few fine fragments of silicified, fossil oyster shell;
common fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR
5/6) masses of iron accumulation that are relict redoximorphic features;
very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

\<@33\>BC1---60 to 70 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak
coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces
of peds; common fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct light olive
brown (2.5Y 5/3) iron depletions; common medium distinct strong brown
(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; the iron depletions and masses
of iron accumulation are relict redoximorphic features; very strongly
acid; gradual wavy boundary.

\<@33\>BC2---70 to 80 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam;
weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine flakes of
mica; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron
accumulation that are relict redoximorphic features; very strongly acid.

\<@27\>Range in Characteristics

\<@33\>\<i\>*Thickness of the solum:*\<p\> More than 60 inches

\<@33\>\<i\>*Reaction:*\<p\> Very strongly acid or strongly acid
throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime
has been applied

\<@23\>\<i\>*A or Ap horizon:*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to
4

\<@23\>\<i\>*E horizon (where present):*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or
4

\<@31\>Texture---fine sand or loamy fine sand

\<@23\>\<i\>*BE horizon (where present):*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to
6

\<@31\>Texture---sandy loam or sandy clay loam

\<@23\>\<i\>*Bt horizon:*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to
8

\<@31\>Texture---clay, sandy clay, or sandy clay loam

\<@31\>Redoximorphic features (where present)---iron depletions in
shades of brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown,
yellow, olive, or red; all of which are relict redoximorphic features

\<@23\>\<i\>*BC horizon (where present):*\<p\>

\<@31\>Color---hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4
to 8

\<@31\>Texture---sandy loam or sandy clay loam

\<@31\>Redoximorphic features (where present)---iron depletions in
shades of brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown,
yellow, olive, or red; all of which are relict redoximorphic features