**DRAFT**

**Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC)**

**Preliminary Risk Assessment**

(DP Barcode 069149)

**Office of Pesticide Programs**

**Antimicrobials Division**

**U.S. Environmental Protection Agency**

**1801 South Bell St.**

**Arlington, VA 22202**

**Date: April 18, 2006**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

[1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3](#__RefHeading___Toc128911774)

[2.0 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 7](#__RefHeading___Toc128911775)

[3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE 8](#__RefHeading___Toc128911776)

[4.0 HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION 9](#__RefHeading___Toc128911777)

[4.1 Hazard Profile 9](#hazard-profile)

[4.2 FQPA Considerations 12](#fqpa-considerations)

[4.3 Dose-Response Assessment 12](#dose-response-assessment)

[4.4 Endocrine Disruption 14](#endocrine-disruption)

[5.0 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
14](#__RefHeading___Toc128911782)

[5.1 Summary of Registered Uses 14](#summary-of-registered-uses)

[5.2 Dietary Exposure and Risk 14](#dietary-exposure-and-risk)

[5.3 Drinking Water Exposures and Risks
16](#drinking-water-exposures-and-risks)

[5.4 Residential Exposure/Risk Pathway
16](#residential-exposurerisk-pathway)

[6.0 AGGREGATE RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION
20](#__RefHeading___Toc128911787)

[6.1 Acute and Chronic Aggregate Risks
20](#acute-and-chronic-aggregate-risks)

[6.2 Short- and Intermediate-Term Aggregate Exposures and Risks
21](#short--and-intermediate-term-aggregate-exposures-and-risks)

[7.0 CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE AND RISK 23](#__RefHeading___Toc128911790)

[8.0 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 24](#__RefHeading___Toc128911791)

[8.1 Occupational Handler Exposures 24](#occupational-handler-exposures)

[8.2 Occupational Post-application Exposures
26](#occupational-post-application-exposures)

[8.3 Wood Preservation 27](#wood-preservation)

[8.3.1 Non-Pressure Treatment Scenarios (Handler and Post-application)
27](#non-pressure-treatment-scenarios-handler-and-post-application)

[8.3.2 Pressure Treatment Scenarios (Handler and Post-Application)
30](#pressure-treatment-scenarios-handler-and-post-application)

[8.4 Data Limitations/Uncertainties 31](#data-limitationsuncertainties)

[9.0 INCIDENT REPORTS 32](#__RefHeading___Toc128911798)

[10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS 33](#__RefHeading___Toc128911799)

[11.0 REFERENCES 36](#__RefHeading___Toc128911800)

[APPENDIX A: Master DDAC Label 41](#__RefHeading___Toc128911801)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911774 .anchor}**1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY**

This document provides a risk assessment for the Group I Quat Cluster.
The Group I Quat Cluster is a group of structurally similar quaternary
ammonium compounds ("quats") that are characterized by having a
positively charged nitrogen covalently bonded to two alkyl group
substituents (at least one C~8~ or longer) and two methyl substituents.
In finished form, these quats are salts with the positively charged
nitrogen (cation) balanced by a negatively charged molecule (anion). The
anion for the quats in this cluster is chloride or bromide. In this
document, the Group I Quat Cluster will be referred to as DDAC (didecyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride).

DDAC is the active ingredient in numerous types of products. The
products are mainly disinfectants and deodorants that are used in
agricultural, food handling, commercial/ institutional/industrial,
residential and public access, and medical settings. Examples of
registered uses for DDAC in these settings include application to indoor
and outdoor hard surfaces (e.g., walls, floors, tables, toilets, and
fixtures), eating utensils, laundry, carpets, agricultural tools and
vehicles, egg shells, shoes, milking equipment and udders, humidifiers,
medical instruments, human remains, ultrasonic tanks, reverse osmosis
units, and water storage tanks. There are also DDAC-containing products
that are used in residential and commercial swimming pools, in aquatic
areas such as decorative ponds and decorative fountains, and in
industrial process and water systems such as re-circulating cooling
water systems, drilling muds and packer fluids, oil well injection and
wastewater systems. Additionally, DDAC-containing products are used for
wood preservation through non-pressure and pressure-treatment methods.
There are registered uses for fogging in occupational settings. Products
containing DDAC are formulated as liquid ready-to-use, soluble
concentrate, pressurized liquid, and water soluble packaging. The
percentage of DDAC in the various end-use products ranges from 0.08% to
80% DDAC. Residential products such as EPA Reg. No. 10324-69 range up to
50% DDAC for swimming pools and spas.

The durations and routes of exposure evaluated in this assessment
include short-term (ST), intermediate-term (IT), and in some instances
long-term (LT) inhalation exposures, ST dermal exposures, and ST oral
exposures. The ST inhalation endpoint and the ST oral endpoint are based
on a NOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day from a prenatal developmental toxicity study
in rats. The LOAEL (20 mg/kg/day) was based largely on increased
incidence of skeletal variations in females. This developmental study,
along with a developmental study in rabbits do not indicate increased
susceptibility in rats or rabbits from *in utero* and postnatal
exposures to DDAC. The IT/LT inhalation endpoint is also based on a
NOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day but from a chronic toxicity study in dogs. No
short-term dermal endpoint for systemic effects was selected for DDAC,
since no systemic effects were identified. However, a short-term dermal
irritation endpoint was identified. The short-term dermal endpoint for
the technical grade active ingredient (TGAI) containing 80% ai diluted
to 0.1% DDAC (2 mg/kg/day which is equivalent to 8 μg/cm^2^) was
determined from a LOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day based on increased clinical and
gross findings (erythema, edema, exfoliation, excoriation, and
ulceration). A 21-day dermal toxicity study was also conducted using a
0.13% ai formulation. No short-term dermal endpoint was identified for
this formulation because no irritation or systemic effects were
identified up to and including the limit dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day.
Intermediate- or long-term dermal irritation endpoints were not
identified for DDAC. Because the effect to the skin is localized skin
irritation, a skin concentration (μg/cm^2^) of exposure, rather then a
dose (mg/kg/day) was used to assess the dermal risk concerns. No body
weight is needed for the dermal irritation endpoint, since no systemic
dose is calculated. Since the toxicological endpoint for inhalation is
female-specific, a body weight of 60 kilograms is used in the
assessment. This represents the body weight of an adult female. The
Agency's level of concern (LOC) for occupational and residential DDAC
dermal, inhalation and oral exposures is 100 (i.e., a margin of exposure
(MOE) less than 100 exceeds the Agency's level of concern). The level of
concern is based on 10x for interspecies extrapolation and 10x for
intraspecies extrapolation.

The acute toxicity categories (Tox Cat) for DDAC include: acute oral
(Tox Category II), acute dermal (Tox Category III), acute inhalation
(Tox Category I and primary eye and skin irritation (Tox Category I).
DDAC is not a dermal sensitizer.

***Dietary Risk Summary***

DDAC can be used as a disinfectant or sanitizer on counter tops,
utensils, appliances, tables, refrigerators, on animal premises and/or
farms, and in mushroom premises. The use of DDAC as an antimicrobial
product on food or feed contact surfaces, agricultural commodities, and
poultry premises including hatcheries and application to food-grade eggs
may result in pesticide residues in human food. Residues from treated
surfaces, such as utensils, countertops, equipment, and appliances can
migrate to food coming into contact with the treated and rinsed surfaces
and can be ingested by humans.

The results of the indirect food contact (i.e., countertops and
utensils) assessment indicate no risks of concern. The acute and chronic
dietary risks are the same because they are based on the same NOAEL. For
indirect food contact exposures, the percent of the acute and chronic
population adjusted dose occupied (%aPAD or cPAD) is 3.3 percent for
adults and 13.3 percent for children. For direct applications to food,
the % aPAD and cPAD for all individual uses and populations is less than
or equal to 1. For the direct food contact as well as the indirect food
contact the risks are not of concern. The drinking water exposures from
DDAC uses are negligible and are not quantifiable. []{.mark}

***Residential Risk Summary***

[Dermal]{.underline}

For the residential handler dermal exposure and risk assessment, dermal
risks were calculated by comparing residues on the surface of the skin
to the short-term dermal irritation endpoints. Dermal residential
handler exposures were not assessed for products containing less than 1%
DDAC. Additional dermal toxicity studies could provide a better
characterization of the relationship between percent DDAC in a
formulation and dermal irritation. Residues on the surface of the skin
(dermal irritation exposure) were determined using hand unit exposures
from CMA and/or PHED adjusted for the surface area of the hand (mg/lb
ai/cm^2^), application rates, and use amounts. The dermal MOEs were
above the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios except for the humidifier
and swimming pool applications.

The residential post-application dermal risks were assessed by comparing
the surface residue on the skin (dermal skin irritation exposure) to the
short-term dermal endpoint. It was assumed that during the exposure
period the skin repeatedly contacts the treated surface until a
steady-state concentration of residues is achieved on the skin. For
residential scenarios, the post-application dermal MOEs were above the
target MOE of 100 for the laundered clothing (assuming 1% residue
transfer) but below the target MOE for the following:

-   Wearing clothes treated with a [fabric spray]{.underline}: ST dermal
    MOE = **[\<]{.underline}1** using both a 100% clothing to skin
    transfer factor and a 5% clothing to skin transfer factor.

-   Dermal contact on floors (MOE = 33) and carpets (MOE = 45).

-   There are no wipe data available to assess the children's dermal
    contact to treated decks and/or play sets. Based on hand
    measurements of workers at the treatment plants, dermal risks may be
    of concern and therefore a wipe study is warranted.

[Inhalation]{.underline}

For the residential handler inhalation assessment, the inhalation risks
were calculated by comparing the daily doses to the short-term
inhalation endpoint. The inhalation MOEs were above the target MOE of
100 for all scenarios.

For the residential post-application inhalation exposure and risk
assessment, the MOEs were below the target MOE of 100 for the following
scenario:

-   Humidifier: ST/IT 8-hr Inhalation MOE = **27** for adults and **8**
    for children; ST/IT 24-hr Inhalation MOE = **11** for adults and
    **5** for children

[Incidental Oral]{.underline}

For the residential post-application incidental oral assessment, the
MOEs were above the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios except for
mouthing of clothes treated with a fabric spray where the oral MOE =
**12**.

***Aggregate Risk Summary***

The acute and chronic dietary aggregate risk assessment includes direct
and indirect food contact uses. There are no drinking water exposures as
a result of DDAC applications. The acute and chronic endpoints are based
on the same NOAEL value. Based on the results of the acute and chronic
aggregate assessment, the % aPAD and cPAD for adults and children are
3.8% and 14%, respectively. Therefore, the acute and chronic dietary
aggregate risks are not of concern (i.e., less then 100 % of aPAD and/or
cPAD).

The DDAC toxicity endpoints for the chronic dietary and the
intermediate-term incidental oral are based on the same toxic effect
(and same study), and therefore, these two dietary routes of exposure
are aggregated. On the other hand, the dermal and inhalation routes of
exposure are based on different toxic effects, and therefore, these two
routes of exposure are not aggregated. However, the dermal route of
exposure is aggregated among those dermal exposure scenarios that are
believed to co-occur. In addition, the inhalation route of exposure is
also aggregated among the inhalation exposure scenarios that are
believed to co-occur. The aggregate risks are not of concern for adults
for the oral and inhalation routes. However, the adult dermal MOE for
the cleaning products are all of concern by themselves. As an aggregate,
the adult dermal MOE is less than the target MOE of 100. For children,
the oral aggregate (dietary and intermediate-term ingestion for children
at day care centers) is 270. The children aggregate MOE for the dermal
route is 42. No children aggregate inhalation scenarios were determined
to co-occur. It is important to note, however, that some of the
individual risks for scenarios not included in the aggregate are of
concern by themselves (e.g., the humidifier use and the fabric spray for
clothing).

***Occupational Risk Summary***

[Dermal]{.underline}

DDAC dermal irritation exposures and risks were not estimated for
occupational handler exposures. Instead, dermal irritation exposures and
risks will be mitigated using default personal protective equipment
requirements based on the toxicity of the end-use product. To minimize
dermal exposures, the minimum PPE required for mixers, loaders, and
others exposed to end-use products containing concentrations of DDAC
that result in classification of category I, II, or III for skin
irritation potential will be long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes,
socks, chemical-resistant gloves, and chemical-resistant apron. Once
diluted, if the concentration of DDAC in the diluted solution would
result in classification of toxicity category IV for skin irritation
potential, then the chemical-resistant gloves and chemical-resistant
apron can be eliminated for applicators and others exposed to the
dilute. Note that chemical-resistant eyewear will be required if the
end-use product is classified as category I or II for eye irritation
potential.

Dermal irritation exposures are assumed to be negligible for all
post-application occupational scenarios, except those associated with
wood preservation. As with occupational handlers, dermal irritation
exposures and risks from post-application activities in a wood
preservation treatment facility will be mitigated using default personal
protective equipment requirements based on the toxicity of the end-use
product. For construction workers handling treated wood the MOEs are
potentially of concern. A wipe study on treated wood will be needed to
assess the potential exposure to handling treated wood.

[Inhalation]{.underline}

For the occupational handler inhalation exposure and risk assessment,
the MOEs were above the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios.

For the occupational inhalation post-application exposure and risk
assessment, the MOEs were above the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios
except for fogging in a food processing plant. The 8-hr MOE from
starting 2 hours after application (i.e., 2 hour re-entry interval) is
**8**.

**Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk: AD Specific Uses**

The results of the dietary avian studies indicate that DDAC is
practically non-toxic to both mallard duck and bobwhite quail. In the
Acute oral studies, the chemical was found to be moderately toxic to
bobwhite quail.

The results from freshwater fish acute toxicity studies demonstrated
that DDAC was moderately to highly toxic.

DDAC is very highly toxic to freshwater aquatic invertebrates.

DDAC is very highly toxic to mysid shrimp a marine/estuarine
invertebrate.

DDAC is toxic to freshwater alga at microgram concentrations.

**Data Gaps:**

The following data requirements are outstanding for the currently
registered uses of DDAC:

850.4225 - Non-target plant phytotoxicity testing (seedling emergence
test using rice).

850.1035 - Acute Sheepshead minnow testing

850.1300 - Acute eastern oyster embryo larvae testing

850.1300 - Chronic *Daphnis magna* testing

Monitoring/Tier II modeling of once-through cooling tower use to
establish EEC's for risk assessment.

**Environmental Fate and Eco Risks: Agricultural Premises:**

The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has evaluated the
outdoor use of the quaternary ammonium compounds, didecyl ammonium
chlorides (DDAC), being considered for reregistration by the
Antimicrobial Division (AD) (DP Barcode D325481). Although primarily
used as antimicrobial agents, DDAC is labeled for use in puddles and
decorative pools to control algae. This use is intended for waterbodies
generally disconnected from the greater watershed and will not likely
result in exposure to nontarget aquatic species. It is possible these
uses will result in exposure to amphibians utilizing these waterbodies
for some portion of their lifecycle (e.g. reproduction) and to birds and
mammals utilizing these waterbodies for drinking water. At the maximum
label rate, 3 ppm initially followed by weekly 1.5 ppm treatments, there
are no LOC exceedances, assuming the toxicity of DDAC is similar to that
of ADBAC. However, due to the persistence of DDAC, it is possible that
concentrations of DDAC in some waterbodies treated over time could
become harmful to animals utilizing these waterbodies.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911775 .anchor}**2.0 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES**

The Group I Quat Cluster is a group of structurally similar quaternary
ammonium compounds ("quats") that are characterized by having a
positively charged nitrogen covalently bonded to two alkyl group
substituents (at least one C~8~ or longer) and two methyl substituents.
In finished form, these quats are salts with the positively charged
nitrogen (cation) balanced by a negatively charged molecule (anion). The
anion for the quats in this cluster is chloride or bromide. In this
document, the Group I Quat Cluster will be referred to as DDAC (didecyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride).

Currently, there are 4 active ingredients identified by the Agency that
are registered and included in Case Number 3003. Table 2.1 below
provides the common chemical name, active ingredient code, CAS number,
chemical structure and number of registered product for each compound.

+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| Table  |         |              |                |                 |
| 2.1.   |         |              |                |                 |
| Active |         |              |                |                 |
| Ingre  |         |              |                |                 |
| dients |         |              |                |                 |
| in the |         |              |                |                 |
| Group  |         |              |                |                 |
| I Quat |         |              |                |                 |
| C      |         |              |                |                 |
| luster |         |              |                |                 |
| Iden   |         |              |                |                 |
| tified |         |              |                |                 |
| by the |         |              |                |                 |
| AIJV   |         |              |                |                 |
+========+=========+==============+================+=================+
| **Prod | **CAS   | **Name**     | **Structure**  | **Chain         |
| Code** | RN**    |              |                | Lengths**       |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| 69149  | 71      | Didecyl      | ![](med        | R = C10         |
|        | 73-51-5 | Dimethyl     | ia/image1.wmf) |                 |
|        |         | Ammonium     |                |                 |
|        |         | Chloride     |                |                 |
|        |         | (DDAC)       |                |                 |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| 69166  | 55      | Dioctyl      | ![](med        | R = C8          |
|        | 38-94-3 | Dimethyl     | ia/image2.wmf) |                 |
|        |         | Ammonium     |                |                 |
|        |         | Chloride     |                |                 |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| 69165  | 324     | Octyl Decyl  | ![](med        | R1 = C8         |
|        | 26-11-2 | Dimethyl     | ia/image3.wmf) | (variable %)    |
|        |         | Ammonium     |                |                 |
|        |         | Chloride     |                | R2 = C10        |
|        |         |              |                | (variable %)    |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+
| 69146  | 845     | Alkyl        | ![](med        | R = C12 (5%)    |
|        | 40-07-8 | Dimethyl     | ia/image4.wmf) |                 |
|        |         | Ethyl        |                | C14 (90%)       |
|        |         | Ammonium     |                |                 |
|        |         | Bromide      |                | C16 (5%)        |
+--------+---------+--------------+----------------+-----------------+

Table 2.2 provides the physical/chemical characteristics that have been
reported for DDAC.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  **Table2.2. Physical/Chemical    
  Properties of DDAC**             
  -------------------------------- --------------------------------------
  Parameter                        DDAC

  Molecular Weight                 362.08

  Density                          0.9216 g/cm3 at 25 C

  Boiling Point                    NA

  Water Solubility                 Completely soluble

  Vapor Pressure                   2.33E-11 mmHg
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911776 .anchor}**3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE**

DDAC is used primarily as a disinfectant, sanitizer, or as a
microbiocide/microbiostat. It also serves as an algaecide,
bacteriocide/bacteriostat, fungicide/fungistat, insecticide, miticide,
virucide, and tuberculocide. Use sites for DDAC include agricultural
premises and equipment, food handling, commercial, industrial and
institutional settings, residential areas or areas of public access,
pets and kennels, medical facilities, swimming pools, aquatic areas, and
industrial water systems. DDAC is also used as a wood preservative. As
an agricultural pesticide, DDAC is used for ornamental plants, shrubs,
and vines. Some of the required guideline studies for an environmental
fate assessment have been submitted. The Agency is using these
environmental fate studies for fate assessment of DDAC to fulfill the
reregistration requirements.

DDAC has been shown to be hydrolytically stable under abiotic and
buffered conditions over the pH 5-9 range. The calculated half-lives for
DDAC were 368 days at pH 5, 194 days at pH 7 (TRIS), 175 days at pH 7
(HEPES), and 506 days at pH 9. DDAC is stable to photodegradation in pH
7 buffered aqueous solutions; even in the presence of a photosensitizer
(acetone), degradation is minimal with a calculated half-life of 227
days. DDAC is photolytically stable in soil with a calculated half-life
of 132 days*.*

Aquatic metabolism studies under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
indicate that DDAC is stable to microbial degradation. The calculated
aerobic and anaerobic half-lives of ^14^C-DDAC in flooded river water
are 180 days and 261 days, respectively. Similarly, DDAC was found to be
stable with very little degradation in aerobic soils during a year-long
metabolism study. The calculated half-life for aerobic soil degradation
was 1,048 days. However, a report on the biodegradability of DDAC
prepared by the Registrant concluded that the degree of DDAC
biodegradability is variable and is influenced by the chemical
concentration, alkyl chain length, the presence of anionic moieties and
the quantity and characteristics of the microbial population. According
to this report, DDAC is biodegradable and environmentally acceptable.
This report was based on information from the open literature,
unpublished sources, and meeting proceedings and has not been reviewed
by the Agency.

DDAC is immobile in soil. A soil mobility study reviewed by the Agency
shows that DDAC has a strong tendency to bind to sediment/soil with
Freundlich K~ads~ values of 1,095, 8,179, 3,279, and 30,851 in sand,
sandy loam, silty clay loam, and silt loam soils, respectively. Because
of its strong adsorption to soils, DDAC is not expected to contaminate
surface and ground waters.

Bioaccumulation of DDAC in freshwater fish is not likely to occur. Mean
steady state bioconcentration factors for DDAC were determined to be
38X, 140X, and 81X in the edible, nonedible, and whole body fish tissue,
respectively. During depuration, 57%, 67%, and 71% of the residues that
accumulated in the edible, whole body, and nonedible tissues,
respectively, were eliminated. DDAC is not expected to pose a concern
for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms.

Information on the aqueous availability of DDAC from wood indicates that
the use of DDAC as a wood preservative may result in minimal releases to
the environment.

The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has evaluated the
outdoor use of the quaternary ammonium compounds, didecyl ammonium
chlorides (DDAC), being considered for reregistration by the
Antimicrobial Division (AD) (DP Barcode D325481). Although primarily
used as antimicrobial agents, DDAC is labeled for use in puddles and
decorative pools to control algae. This use is intended for waterbodies
generally disconnected from the greater watershed and will not likely
result in exposure to nontarget aquatic species. It is possible these
uses will result in exposure to amphibians utilizing these waterbodies
for some portion of their lifecycle (e.g. reproduction) and to birds and
mammals utilizing these waterbodies for drinking water. At the maximum
label rate, 3 ppm initially followed by weekly 1.5 ppm treatments, there
are no LOC exceedances, assuming the toxicity of DDAC is similar to that
of ADBAC. However, due to the persistence of DDAC, it is possible that
concentrations of DDAC in some waterbodies treated over time could
become harmful to animals utilizing these waterbodies.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911777 .anchor}**4.0 HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION**

## 4.1 Hazard Profile 

DDAC was assigned a Toxicity Category II from results of two acute oral
toxicity studies in rats, MRIDs 41394404 \[65% a.i.; LD~50~ = 262 mg/kg
(combined)\] and 42296101 \[80% a.i.; LD~50~ = 238 mg/kg (combined)\].
DDAC was assigned Toxicity Category III from two acute dermal toxicity
studies in rabbits, MRIDs 42053801 \[65% a.i.; LD~50~ = 2930 mg/kg
(combined)\] and 00071158 \[50% a.i.; LD~50~ = 4350 mg/kg (combined)\].
For acute inhalation toxicity (MRID 00145074; TRID 455201010), DDAC
(purity not reported) is assigned a Toxicity Category I (LC~50~ = 0.07
mg/L). For primary eye irritation, DDAC was found to be corrosive
(Toxicity Category I) in two primary eye irritation studies in rabbits,
MRIDs 41394404 \[65% a.i.\] and 42161602 \[80% a.i\]. For primary dermal
irritation, DDAC (80% a.i.) was found to be corrosive (Toxicity Category
I) in a primary dermal irritation study in rabbits (MRID 42161601). For
dermal sensitization, DDAC was found to be a non-sensitizer in two
dermal sensitization studies in guinea pigs (MRID 42161603 \[80% a.i.\])
(MRID 46367601 \[purity not reported\]).

For subchronic toxicity, the database includes a 90-day oral toxicity
test in rats (MRID 40966302), a 90-day oral study in dogs (MRID
40262901), and a 90-day dermal toxicity study in rats (MRID 41305901).
In the 90-day rat oral feeding study (MRID 40966302), incidence of gross
pathological observations and non-neoplastic lesions, including a higher
incidence of glycogen depletion in the liver and contracted spleens were
observed. In the 90-day dog feeding study (MRID 40269201), no
treatment-related clinical chemistry, hematology, urinalysis, or
pathological findings were observed. In the 90-day dermal toxicity test
in rats (MRID 41305901), systemic toxicity was not observed and clinical
and gross findings (erythema, edema, exfoliation, excoriation and
ulceration) were limited to the treated skins.

For developmental toxicity, the data from two developmental toxicity
studies, one in the rat (MRID 41886701, range-finder MRID 42746901) and
another in the rabbit (MRID 41018701), do not indicate Number range
CHAPTERincreased susceptibility in rats or rabbits from *in utero* and
postnatal exposure to DDAC. In the rat developmental toxicity study
(MRID 41886701), developmental toxicity (skeleton variations) was
observed only at treatment levels which also resulted in maternal
toxicity (audible respiration). In the rabbit developmental toxicity
study, developmental toxicity (decreased fetal body weight and increased
number of dead fetuses) occurred at levels which also resulted in
maternal toxicity (hypo activity, audible respiration, and decreased
body weight gain).

For reproductive toxicity, the toxicity database for DDAC includes a
2-generational reproductive toxicity study in rats (MRID 41804501). In
this study, effects in offspring (decreased pup body weight/weight gain)
occurred at the same dose level as maternal effects (decreased maternal
body weight/weight gain and food consumption).

In a 1-year dog feeding study (MRID 41970401), beagle dogs were given
doses of 0, 3, 10, or 20/30 mg/kg/day in the diet. Treatment-related
clinical signs (soft/mucoid feces, emesis) were observed frequently in
high-dose animals, and total cholesterol levels were significantly
decreased in high-dose females.

DDAC was not carcinogenic when administered in the diet in 2-year
chronic/ carcinogenicity studies in rats (MRID 41965101) and mice (MRID
41802301). In the rat study, an increase in incidence of interstitial
cell adenomas in the testes were reported, but the incidence was with in
the range of historical controls. In the mouse study, no
treatment-related effects were noted in the incidence of clinical signs,
deaths, and gross and histopathological observations.

For mutagenicity, DDAC was negative in a battery of tests. In the Ames
test (MRID 40282201, supplemental information MRID 44005801); DDAC was
not mutagenic with or without metabolic activation. In a forward gene
mutation test (MRID 93014008, reformat of 40895202), DDAC was negative
for induction of gene mutations in CHO cells at the HGPRT locus with and
without metabolic activation. In an in vitro chromosome aberration test
(MRID 41252601), Number range CHAPTERDDAC did not induce chromosome
aberration in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with or without
metabolic activation. In an unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay (MRID
93014007, reformat of 40895201), DDAC did not cause UDS in primary rat
hepatocytes.

Although there are no neurotoxicity studies available in the database,
the available toxicity for DDAC show no evidence for neurotoxic effects.

Number range CHAPTERIn a rat pharmacokinetics/ metabolism study (MRID
41617101 and addendum MRID 41385101), single oral doses of ^14^C- DDAC
(5 or 50 mg/kg) or repeated doses (34 ppm of DDAC in the diet for 14
days and then one single dose of 5 mg/kg of ^14^C- DDAC) were given to
both male and female rats. DDAC was mostly excreted in the feces within
3 days principally as parent compound and metabolites. The elimination
pattern and metabolic profile was not substantially altered by the dose
or exposure duration. Male and female rats showed similar elimination
patterns, but females metabolized DDAC more extensively than males. Four
major metabolites were identified as oxidation products with oxidation
confined to the decyl side chains.

The acute toxicity data for DDAC are summarized below in Table 4.1
(USEPA, 2006).

+-----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
| **Table   |                 |         |                    |         |
| 4.1 Acute |                 |         |                    |         |
| Toxicity  |                 |         |                    |         |
| Data for  |                 |         |                    |         |
| DDAC**    |                 |         |                    |         |
+===========+=================+=========+====================+=========+
| **Gu      | **Study Type**  | **MRID  | **Results**        | **T     |
| ideline** |                 | #(S).** |                    | oxicity |
|           |                 |         |                    | Cat     |
| **No.**   |                 |         |                    | egory** |
+-----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
| 81-1      | Acute Oral      | 4       | LD~50~ (combined)  | II      |
|           |                 | 2296101 | = 238 mg/kg        |         |
|           |                 |         |                    |         |
|           |                 | 4       | LD~50~ (combined)  |         |
|           |                 | 1394404 | = 262 mg/kg        |         |
+-----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
| 81-2      | Acute Dermal    | 4       | LD~50~ (♂) =       | III     |
|           |                 | 2053801 | 3140mg/kg;         |         |
|           |                 |         |                    |         |
|           |                 |         | LD~50~ (♀) =       |         |
|           |                 |         | 2730mg/kg;         |         |
|           |                 |         |                    |         |
|           |                 |         | LD~50~ (combined)  |         |
|           |                 |         | = 2930 mg/kg       |         |
+-----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
| 81-3      | Acute           | 0       | LC~50~ = 0.07mg/L  | I       |
|           | Inhalation      | 0145074 |                    |         |
+-----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
| 81-4      | Primary Eye     | 4       | Severe eye         | I       |
|           | Irritation      | 2161602 | irritant           |         |
|           |                 |         |                    |         |
|           |                 | 4       |                    |         |
|           |                 | 1394404 |                    |         |
+-----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
| 81-5      | Primary Skin    | 4       | Severe dermal      | I       |
|           | Irritation      | 2160601 | irritant           |         |
+-----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+---------+
| 81-6      | Dermal          | 4       | Not a sensitizer   |         |
|           | Sensitization   | 6367601 |                    |         |
+-----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+---------+

## 4.2 FQPA Considerations 

Under the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), P.L. 104-170, which was
promulgated in 1996 as an amendment to the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), the Agency was directed to \"ensure that there is
a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and
children\" from aggregate exposure to a pesticide chemical residue. The
law further states that in the case of threshold effects, for purposes
of providing this reasonable certainty of no harm, \"an additional
tenfold margin of safety for the pesticide chemical residue and other
sources of exposure shall be applied for infants and children to take
into account potential pre- and post-natal toxicity and completeness of
the data with respect to exposure and toxicity to infants and children.
Notwithstanding such requirement for an additional margin of safety, the
Administrator may use a different margin of safety for the pesticide
residue only if, on the basis of reliable data, such margin will be safe
for infants and children.\"

The Agency (USEPA, 2006) has decided that the FQPA safety factor be
removed for DDAC, based upon the existence of a complete developmental
and reproductive toxicity database and the lack of evidence for
increased susceptibility in these data.

## 4.3 Dose-Response Assessment 

Table 4.2 summarizes the toxicological endpoints for DDAC (USEPA, 2006).

Number range CHAPTER

+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| **Table 4.2  |              |                  |                    |
| Summary of   |              |                  |                    |
| T            |              |                  |                    |
| oxicological |              |                  |                    |
| Endpoints    |              |                  |                    |
| for DDAC**   |              |                  |                    |
+==============+==============+==================+====================+
| **Exposure** | **Dose Used  | **Target         | **Study and        |
|              | in Risk      | MOE/UF,**        | Toxicological      |
| **Scenario** | Assessment** |                  | Effects**          |
|              |              | **Special FQPA   |                    |
|              | **(          | SF**             |                    |
|              | mg/kg/day)** |                  |                    |
|              |              | **for Risk       |                    |
|              |              | Assessment**     |                    |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| **Acute      | **NOAEL**(de | **FQPA SF** = 1  | Prenatal           |
| Dietary**    | velopmental) |                  | Developmental      |
|              | = 10         | **UF** = 100     | Toxicity - Rat     |
| (Females     | mg/kg/day    | (10x             |                    |
| 13-50)       |              | inter-species    | MRID 41886701      |
|              |              | extrapolation,   |                    |
|              |              | 10x              | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |              | intra-species    | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |              | variation)       | increased          |
|              |              |                  | incidence of       |
|              |              |                  | skeletal           |
|              |              |                  | variations.        |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
|              | **Acute RfD  |                  |                    |
|              | =** 0.1      |                  |                    |
|              | mg/kg/day    |                  |                    |
|              | (for Females |                  |                    |
|              | age 13-50)   |                  |                    |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| **Acute      | An acute     |                  |                    |
| Dietary**    | dietary      |                  |                    |
|              | endpoint was |                  |                    |
| (general     | not          |                  |                    |
| population)  | identified   |                  |                    |
|              | in the data  |                  |                    |
|              | base. This   |                  |                    |
|              | risk         |                  |                    |
|              | assessment   |                  |                    |
|              | is not       |                  |                    |
|              | required     |                  |                    |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| **Chronic    | **NOAEL** =  | **FQPA SF** = 1  | Chronic Toxicity   |
| Dietary**    | 10           |                  | Study - Dog        |
|              |              | **UF** = 100     |                    |
| (general     | mg/kg/day    | (10x             | MRID 41970401      |
| population)  |              | inter-species    |                    |
|              |              | extrapolation,   | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |              | 10x              | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |              | intra-species    | increased          |
|              |              | variation        | incidence of       |
|              |              |                  | clinical signs in  |
|              |              |                  | males and females  |
|              |              |                  | and decreased      |
|              |              |                  | total cholesterol  |
|              |              |                  | levels in females. |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
|              | **Chronic    |                  |                    |
|              | RfD =** 0.1  |                  |                    |
|              | mg/kg/day    |                  |                    |
|              |              |                  |                    |
|              | Dermal,      |                  |                    |
|              | Short-Term   |                  |                    |
|              | (technical   |                  |                    |
|              | a.i.)        |                  |                    |
|              |              |                  |                    |
|              | NOAEL = 2    |                  |                    |
|              |              |                  |                    |
|              | UF =         |                  |                    |
|              | 100Based on  |                  |                    |
|              | increased    |                  |                    |
|              | dermal       |                  |                    |
|              | clinical and |                  |                    |
|              | gross        |                  |                    |
|              | findings     |                  |                    |
|              |              |                  |                    |
|              | Rat 90-day   |                  |                    |
|              | Dermal Study |                  |                    |
|              |              |                  |                    |
|              | MRID         |                  |                    |
|              | 413059-01    |                  |                    |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| *            |              |                  |                    |
| *Non-Dietary |              |                  |                    |
| Exposures**  |              |                  |                    |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| **Incidental | **NOAEL**    | **Target MOE** = | Prenatal           |
| Oral**       |              | 100 (10x         | Developmental      |
|              | (de          | inter-species    | Toxicity - Rat     |
| Short-Term   | velopmental) | extrapolation,   |                    |
|              | = 10         | 10x              | MRID 41886701      |
|              | mg/kg/day    | intra-species    |                    |
|              |              | variation)       | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |              |                  | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |              | **FQPA SF** = 1  | increased          |
|              |              |                  | incidence of       |
|              |              |                  | skeletal           |
|              |              |                  | variations.        |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| **Incidental | **NOAEL** =  | **Target MOE** = | Chronic Toxicity   |
| Oral**       | 10 mg/kg/day | 100 (10x         | Study - Dog        |
|              |              | inter-species    |                    |
| Inter        |              | extrapolation,   | MRID 41970401      |
| mediate-Term |              | 10x              |                    |
|              |              | intra-species    | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |              | variation)       | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |              |                  | increased          |
|              |              | **FQPA SF** = 1  | incidence of       |
|              |              |                  | clinical signs in  |
|              |              |                  | males and females  |
|              |              |                  | and decreased      |
|              |              |                  | total cholesterol  |
|              |              |                  | levels in females. |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| **Dermal,    | No endpoint  |                  |                    |
| Short-term** | identified.  |                  |                    |
| (formulated  | No dermal or |                  |                    |
| product,     | systemic     |                  |                    |
| 0.13% a.i.)  | effects      |                  |                    |
|              | identified   |                  |                    |
|              | in the       |                  |                    |
|              | 21-day       |                  |                    |
|              | dermal       |                  |                    |
|              | toxicity     |                  |                    |
|              | study (MRID  |                  |                    |
|              | 45656601) up |                  |                    |
|              | to and       |                  |                    |
|              | including    |                  |                    |
|              | the limit    |                  |                    |
|              | dose of 1000 |                  |                    |
|              | mg/kg/day    |                  |                    |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| **Dermal,    | **NOA        | **Target MOE** = | 90-day Dermal      |
| Short-term** | EL(dermal)** | 100 (10x         | Toxicity - Rat     |
| (TGAI 80%    | = 2          | inter-species    |                    |
| diluted to   | mg/kg/day    | extrapolation,   | MRID 41305901      |
| 0.1%)        |              | 10x              |                    |
|              | (8           | intra-species    | **LOAEL** = 6      |
|              | µg/cm^2^)^b^ | variation)       | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |              |                  | increased clinical |
|              |              |                  | and gross findings |
|              |              |                  | (erythema, edema,  |
|              |              |                  | exfoliation,       |
|              |              |                  | excoriation, and   |
|              |              |                  | ulceration)        |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| **Dermal,    | No           |                  |                    |
| I            | appropriate  |                  |                    |
| ntermediate- | endpoint     |                  |                    |
| and          | identified.  |                  |                    |
| Long-term**  |              |                  |                    |
| (formulated  |              |                  |                    |
| product)     |              |                  |                    |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| *            | **NOAEL**    | **Target MOE** = | Prenatal           |
| *Inhalation, | ^b^ = 10     | 100 (10x         | Developmental      |
| Short-Term** | mg/kg/day    | inter-species    | Toxicity - Rat     |
|              |              | extrapolation,   |                    |
|              |              | 10x              | MRID 41886701      |
|              |              | intra-species    |                    |
|              |              | variation)       | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |              |                  | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |              | **FQPA SF** = 1  | increased          |
|              |              |                  | incidence of       |
|              |              |                  | skeletal           |
|              |              |                  | variations.        |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+
| *            | **NOAEL**    | **Target MOE** = | Chronic Toxicity   |
| *Inhalation, | ^c^ = 10     | 100 (10x         | Study - Dog        |
| I            |              | inter-species    |                    |
| ntermediate- | mg/kg/day    | extrapolation,   | MRID 41970401      |
| and          |              | 10x              |                    |
| Long-Term**  |              | intra-species    | **LOAEL** = 20     |
|              |              | variation)       | mg/kg/day based on |
|              |              |                  | decreased total    |
|              |              | **FQPA SF** = 1  | cholesterol levels |
|              |              |                  | in females.        |
+--------------+--------------+------------------+--------------------+

UF = uncertainty factor, FQPA SF = special FQPA safety factor, NOAEL =
no observed adverse effect level, LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect
level, PAD = population adjusted dose (a = acute, c = chronic), RfD =
reference dose, MOE = margin of exposure, LOC = Level of concern, NA =
Not Applicable.

^a^short-term dermal endpoint = (2 mg/kg rat x 0.2 kg rat x 1000 ug/mg)
/ 50cm^2^ area of rat dosed = 8 µg/cm^2^ .

^b^ an additional UF of 10x is used for route extrapolation from an oral
endpoint to determine if a confirmatory study is warranted.

## 4.4 Endocrine Disruption

Number range CHAPTEREPA is required under the FFDCA, as amended by FQPA,
to develop a screening program to determine whether certain substances
(including all pesticide active and other ingredients) "may have an
effect in humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturally
occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator
may designate." Following recommendations of its Endocrine Disruptor and
Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC), EPA determined that there was a
scientific basis for including, as part of the program, the androgen and
thyroid hormone systems, in addition to the estrogen hormone system. EPA
also adopted EDSTAC's recommendation that the Program include
evaluations of potential effects in wildlife. For pesticide chemicals,
EPA will use FIFRA and, to the extent that effects in wildlife may help
determine whether a substance may have an effect in humans, FFDCA
authority to require the wildlife evaluations. As the science develops
and resources allow, screening of additional hormone systems may be
added to the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP).

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911782 .anchor}**5.0 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND
CHARACTERIZATION**

## 5.1 Summary of Registered Uses

For dietary uses, DDAC can be used as a disinfectant or sanitizer on
counter tops, utensils, appliances, tables, refrigerators, on animal
premises and/or farms, and in mushroom premises. The use of DDAC as an
antimicrobial product on food or feed contact surfaces, agricultural
commodities, and poultry premises including hatcheries and application
to food-grade eggs may result in pesticide residues in human food.
Residues from treated surfaces, such as utensils, countertops,
equipment, and appliances can migrate to food coming into contact with
the treated and rinsed surfaces and can be ingested by humans.

Products containing DDAC can be used as general cleaners, disinfectants,
and deodorizers. These products are primarily for use on indoor surfaces
such as hard floors, carpets, walls, bathroom fixtures, trash cans,
toilet bowls, and household contents. Additionally, other uses in the
home include liquid laundry deodorizers that are added to the final
rinse of the wash cycle, algaecide/bactericides that are added to
portable humidifiers and swimming pools, and deodorizers that are
sprayed on fabric. Residents may also be exposed to items that have been
treated with DDAC in occupational settings, such as dimensional lumber
for decks and play sets. Appendix A presents a summary of all exposure
scenarios that may occur in residential settings based on examination of
product labels.

The non antimicrobial uses of DDAC are assessed separately by the Health
Effects Division (DP Barcode: D 326896).

##  5.2 Dietary Exposure and Risk 

In the absence of data on DDAC residues on treated food contact
surfaces, the Agency estimated residue levels that may occur in food
from the application rates on food contact surfaces. Dietary exposures
from poultry hatcheries, mushroom houses and hydroponic uses are
expected to be much lower than the dietary exposures resulting from the
surface disinfectant and sanitizing uses; therefore, these uses were not
assessed separately.

To estimate the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) to treated food contact
surfaces and food utensils, an FDA (FDA, 2003) model was used in lieu of
residue data. The maximum application rate for DDAC in food handling
establishments from the various labeled ready-to-use products is 0.0043
pounds per gallon of treatment solution. The EDI calculations presented
in this assessment assumes that food can contact 2,000 cm^2^ or 4,000
cm^2^ (50% and 100% of the FDA worst case scenario) of treated surfaces,
and that 10% of the pesticide migrate to food. The use of the 10%
transfer rate, instead of the use of a 100% transfer rate that is used
in the FDA Sanitizer Solution Guidelines, requires the submission of
confirmatory data to establish the reliability of the use of the10%
transfer rate. These daily estimates were conservatively used to assess
both acute and chronic dietary risks. None of the calculated percent
acute population adjusted dose (% aPAD) or chronic (% cPAD) estimates
exceeded 100%. The estimated EDI, % aPAD, and % cPAD for food contact
surfaces are presented in Table 5.1. Note: The NOAEL for both the acute
and chronic dietary endpoints are the same so only one % PAD is reported
(i.e., aPAD and cPAD are identical). The results indicate that for the
aggregate risks the adult %aPAD and %cPAD is 2.8% for males and 3.3% for
females, and for children 13.3%.

For DDAC treatments of food processing plants, the application rates are
similar to food handling establishments presented in Table 5.1, and
hence the exposure, EDIs, DDDs, and % aPAD and cPADs are also similar.

Table 5.1: Calculated EDIs, aPAD, and cPAD for Utensils and Countertops

  ------------ -------------- ------------- ---------- ----------------- ------------- ---------- --------------- ------------- -------------
  **Exposure   **Utensils**                            **Countertops**                            **Aggregate**                 
  Group**                                                                                                                       

               **EDI          **DDD         **%        **EDI (mg/day)**  **DDD         **%        **EDI           **DDD         **% PAD^a^
               (mg/day)**     (mg/kg/d)**   PAD^a^**                     (mg/kg/d)**   PAD^a^**   (mg/p/d)**      (mg/kg/d)**   (mg/kg/d)**

  Adult males  0.0959         0.00137       1.37       0.103             0.00147       1.47       0.199           0.00284       2.84

  Adult        0.0959         0.00160       1.60       0.103             0.00172       1.72       0.199           0.00332       3.32
  females                                                                                                                       

  Children     0.0959         0.00639       6.39       0.103             0.00687       6.87       0.199           0.0133        13.3
  ------------ -------------- ------------- ---------- ----------------- ------------- ---------- --------------- ------------- -------------

a.  \% PAD = exposure (DDD) /(aPAD or cPAD) x 100. The acute and chronic
    population average dose is the same; therefore the % PADs are the
    same.

> EDI is the estimated daily intake (mg/day).
>
> DDD is the dietary daily dose (mg/kg/day).

The maximum application rate for DDAC for bottling/packing of food is
0.0020 lbs a.i per gallons of treatment solution. EDI values were
calculated using an approach similar to that used for treated
food-contact surfaces and food utensils. Exposure was assumed to occur
through the ingestion of three food products that might be packaged with
treated material: milk, egg products, and beverages (alcoholic and
non-alcoholic). The calculated %aPAD and %cPAD did not exceed 100%. The
results of the EDI and % cPAD are presented in Table %.2.

Table 5.2: Calculated EDIs, aPAD, and cPAD for Representative Dairy and
Beverage Consumption

+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
| **Food Type**       | **Exposure    | **EDI   | **DDD    | **%      |
|                     | Group**       | (mg     | (mg      | PAD**    |
|                     |               | /p/d)** | /kg/d)** |          |
|                     |               |         |          | **(aPAD  |
|                     |               |         |          | &        |
|                     |               |         |          | cPAD)**  |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
| Milk                | Adult Male    | 0.00451 | 6.4      | 0.0644   |
|                     |               |         | 4x10^-5^ |          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
|                     | Adult Female  |         | 7.5      | 0.0752   |
|                     |               |         | 2x10^-5^ |          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
|                     | Child^a^      | 0.00290 | 1.9      | 0.194    |
|                     |               |         | 4x10^-4^ |          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
| Egg product         | Adult Male    | 8.10    | 1.16     | 1.1      |
|                     |               | x10^-9^ | x10^-10^ | 6x10^-7^ |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
|                     | Adult Female  |         | 1.35     | 1.3      |
|                     |               |         | x10^-10^ | 5x10^-7^ |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
|                     | Child ^a^     | 5.22    | 3.48     | 3.4      |
|                     |               | x10^-9^ | x10^-10^ | 8x10^-7^ |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
| Beverages,          | Adult Male    | 0.0230  | 3.2      | 0.329    |
| non-alcoholic       |               |         | 9x10^-4^ |          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
|                     | Adult Female  |         | 3.8      | 0.384    |
|                     |               |         | 4x10^-4^ |          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
|                     | Child^a^      | 0.0148  | 9.9      | 0.990    |
|                     |               |         | 0x10^-4^ |          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
| Beverages,          | Adult Male    | 2.91    | 4.1      | 0.00416  |
| alcoholic, beer     |               | x10^-4^ | 6x10^-6^ |          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+
|                     | Adult Female  |         | 4.8      | 0.00485  |
|                     |               |         | 5x10^-6^ |          |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+----------+----------+

## 5.3 Drinking Water Exposures and Risks 

The only DDAC outdoor uses are as an algaecide in decorative pools and
for oil field operations which are considered to be contained.
Therefore, the DDAC contributions to drinking water exposure are
considered to be negligible and are not quantified.

##  5.4 Residential Exposure/Risk Pathway

The exposure scenarios assessed in this document for the representative
antimicrobial uses selected by the Agency to represent the residential
risks include:

-   Indoor hard surfaces (e.g., mopping, wiping, trigger pump sprays);

-   Carpets;

-   Swimming pools;

-   Wood preservative;

-   Textiles (e.g., diapers treated during washing and clothes treated
    with fabric spray); and

-   Humidifiers.

[Exposure Data and Assumptions]{.underline}

The residential handler scenarios were assessed to determine dermal and
inhalation exposures. The scenarios were assessed using PHED and CMA
data. Specific surrogate data used in determining the dermal and
inhalation exposures are reported below:

-   For the mopping, wiping, low pressure hand wand, and liquid pour in
    swimming pool the CMA data were used; and

-   For aerosol spray and trigger pump scenarios the PHED data were
    used.

The quantities handled/treated were estimated based on information from
various sources, including the Antimicrobial Division's estimates.

-   For ***mopping*** scenarios, it is assumed that 1 gallon of diluted
    solution is used.

-   For ***wiping and trigger pump spray*** scenarios, it is assumed
    that 0.5 liter (0.13 gal) of diluted solution is used.

```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
-   For ***low pressure hand wand*,** it was assumed that 2 gallons are
    used in all indoor applications.

-   For ***liquid pour*** in ***swimming pool*** scenario, it was
    assumed that a residential pool contains 20,000 gallons of water.

-   For ***liquid pour*** in ***humidifier*** scenario, it was assumed
    that a humidifier with a 11 gallon tank would be treated, based on
    Holmes Model# HM4600-U-11. This humidifier releases 11 gallons/1,700
    ft^2^/24 hours
    (http://www.holmesproducts.com/estore/product.aspx?CatalogId=3&CategoryId=1120&ProductId=582).

Post-application scenarios have been developed that encompass multiple
products, but still represent a high end exposure scenario for all
products represented. Post-application scenarios assessed include
crawling on treated hard surfaces, carpets, and treated lumber such as
decks/play sets (dermal and incidental oral exposure to children),
wearing treated clothing from wash treatment and from a direct clothing
spray treatment (dermal exposure to adults and children and incidental
oral exposure to children), using portable humidifiers (adult and child
inhalation exposure), and swimming in treated pools (adult and child
incidental ingestion).

Since no toxicological endpoint of concern was identified for dermal
systemic adverse effects, post-application dermal risks were assessed
using the toxicological endpoint of concern for dermal irritation. Note:
Products containing less then 1 percent were not assessed as no dermal
endpoint was identified. The residential post-application dermal risks
were assessed by comparing the surface residue on the skin (dermal skin
irritation exposure) to the short-term dermal irritation endpoint. It
was assumed that during the exposure period, the skin repeatedly
contacts the treated surface until a steady-state concentration of
residues is achieved on the skin.

The duration of exposure for most homeowner exposures is believed to be
best represented by the short-term duration (1 to 30 days). The reason
that short-term duration was chosen to be assessed is because the
different handler and post-application scenarios are assumed to be
episodic, not daily. In addition, homeowners are assumed to use
different products with varying activities, not exclusively DDAC treated
products.

[Risk Characterization]{.underline}

A summary of the residential handler inhalation risks are presented in
Table 5.3. Although the inhalation endpoint represents short-,
intermediate-, and long-term durations, the exposure duration of most
homeowner applications of cleaning products is believed to be best
represented by the short-term duration. The inhalation toxicological
endpoint is based on an oral study because a route-specific inhalation
study is not available. The calculated inhalation MOEs are above the
target MOE of 100. The dermal MOEs are presented in Table 5.4. The
dermal MOEs were below the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios evaluated
except for applications to humidifiers and swimming pools

.

+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| **Table  |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| 5.3      |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Sh       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| ort-Term |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Res      |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| idential |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Handler  |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| In       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| halation |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| E        |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| xposures |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| and      |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| MOEs**   |        |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| Exposure | Appli  | App      | Quantity | Unit   | Daily    | MOE  |
| Scenario | cation | lication | Handled/ | Ex     | Dose     | ^d^  |
|          | Method | Rate^a^  | Treated  | posure | (mg      |      |
| App      |        | (lb      | per      |        | /kg/day) | (Ta  |
| lication |        | ai       | day^b^   | (mg/lb | ^c^      | rget |
| Method   |        | /gallon) | (        | a.i.)  |          | MOE  |
|          |        |          | gallons) |        |          | =    |
|          |        |          |          |        |          | 100) |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| App      | M      | 0.020    | 1        | 2.38   | 0.00079  | 13   |
| lication | opping |          |          |        |          | ,000 |
| to       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| indoor   |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| hard     |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| surfaces |        |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
|          | Wiping | 0.020    | 0.13     | 67.3   | 0.0029   | 3    |
|          |        |          |          |        |          | ,400 |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
|          | T      | 0.020    | 0.13     | 2.4    | 0.00010  | 96   |
|          | rigger |          |          |        |          | ,000 |
|          | Spray  |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| App      | Low    | 0.0088   | 2        | 0.681  | 0.012    | 50   |
| lication | Pr     |          |          |        |          | ,000 |
| to       | essure |          |          |        |          |      |
| Carpets  | Spray  |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| App      | Liquid | 0        | 20,000   | 0      | 0.00002  | 510  |
| lication | Pour   | .0000244 |          | .00346 |          | ,000 |
| to       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Swimming |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Pools    |        |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+
| App      | Liquid | 0.0043   | 11       | 1.89   | 0.0015   | 6    |
| lication | Pour   |          |          |        |          | ,700 |
| to       |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| Hum      |        |          |          |        |          |      |
| idifiers |        |          |          |        |          |      |
+----------+--------+----------+----------+--------+----------+------+

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for DDAC.

b Amount handled per day values are estimates or label instructions.

c Daily dose (mg/kg/day) = \[unit exposure (mg/lb a.i.) x application
rate (lb ai/gal) x quantity treated (gal/day) x absorption factor (1.0
for inhalation)\]/ Body weight (60 kg for inhalation).

d MOE = NOAEL / Absorbed Daily Dose. \[Where short-term NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day for inhalation\]. Target MOE = 100.

+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| **Table    |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| 5.4        |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| Short-Term |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| R          |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| esidential |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| Handler    |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| Dermal     |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| Risks**    |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| Exposure   | Appli  | Appl    | Quantity | Hand  | D     | MOE ^e^ |
| Scenario   | cation | ication | Handled/ | Unit  | ermal |         |
|            | Method | R       | Treated  | Exp   | Skin  | (Target |
|            |        | ate^a^\ | per      | osure | Irrit | MOE =   |
|            |        | (lb     | day^b^   | Adj   | ation | 100)    |
|            |        | ai/gal) | (gallon) | usted | Exp   |         |
|            |        |         |          | for   | osure |         |
|            |        |         |          | Su    | ^d^   |         |
|            |        |         |          | rface |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | Area  | (g/c |         |
|            |        |         |          |       | m^2^) |         |
|            |        |         |          | (     |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | mg/lb |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | ai    |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | /cm^2 |       |         |
|            |        |         |          | ^)^c^ |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| **Products |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| with \< 1% |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| DDAC**     |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| No dermal  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| endpoint   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| identified |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| for        |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| products   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| with \<1%  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| DDAC       |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| **Products |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| with 1 to  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| 10% DDAC** |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| (NOAEL=    |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| 8µg/cm^3^) |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | M      | 0.0043  | 1        | 0.063 | 0.273 | **29**  |
| pplication | opping |         |          |       |       |         |
| to indoor  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| hard       |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| surfaces   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
|            | Wiping | 0.0043  | 0.13     | 1.341 | 0.750 | **11**  |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
|            | T      | 0.0043  | 0.13     | 0.129 | 0.072 | 110     |
|            | rigger |         |          |       |       |         |
|            | Spray  |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | Low    | 0.0088  | 2        | 0.161 | 2.832 | **3**   |
| pplication | Pr     |         |          |       |       |         |
| to Carpets | essure |         |          |       |       |         |
|            | Spray  |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| Humidifier | Liquid | 0.0043  | 11       | 0.0   | 0.011 | 710     |
|            | Pour   |         |          | 00239 |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | Liquid | 0       | 20,000   | 0.0   | 0.080 | **98**  |
| pplication | Pour   | .000017 |          | 00239 |       |         |
| to         |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| swimming   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| pools      |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| ##### Pr   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| oducts wit |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| h \>10% DD |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| AC (NOAEL= |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| 8µg/cm^3^) |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | M      | 0.020   | 1        | 0.063 | 1.27  | **6**   |
| pplication | opping |         |          |       |       |         |
| to indoor  |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| hard       |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| surfaces   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
|            | Wiping | 0.020   | 0.13     | 1.341 | 3.49  | **2**   |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
|            | T      | 0.020   | 0.13     | 0.129 | 0.34  | **24**  |
|            | rigger |         |          |       |       |         |
|            | Spray  |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | Low    | 0.0085  | 2        | 0.161 | 2.731 | **3**   |
| pplication | Pr     |         |          |       |       |         |
| to Carpets | essure |         |          |       |       |         |
|            | Spray  |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+
| A          | Liquid | 0       | 20,000   | 0.0   | 0.08  | **98**  |
| pplication | Pour   | .000017 |          | 00239 |       |         |
| to         |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| swimming   |        |         |          |       |       |         |
| pools      |        |         |          |       |       |         |
+------------+--------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+

a Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from
EPA registered labels for DDAC.

b Amount handled per day values are estimates or label instructions.

c Unit Exposure (mg/lb ai/cm^2^) = Hand unit exposure from PHED or CMA
(mg/lb ai) / surface area of hand (820 cm^2^).

d Dermal Skin Irritation Exposure (g/lb ai/cm^2^) = Unit Exposure
(mg/lb ai/cm^2^) x Application Rate (lb ai/gal) x Quantity Treated
(gal/day) x 1,000 g/mg

e MOE = NOAEL (g/cm^2^)/ Dermal Skin Irritation Exposure (g/cm^2^).
\[Where short-term dermal NOAEL = 8 µg/cm^2^. Target MOE = 100.

A summary of the residential post application are presented in Table
5.5. Although the inhalation endpoint represents short-, intermediate-,
and long-term durations, the exposure duration of most homeowner
applications of cleaning products is believed to be best represented by
the short-term duration. The inhalation toxicological endpoint is based
on an oral study because a route-specific inhalation study is not
available. The calculated incidental oral MOEs are above the target MOE
of 100. The dermal MOEs are below the target MOE for all scenarios
except for the laundered clothing. The inhalation MOEs are above the
target MOE of 100 for all scenarios, except the humidifier. The 24-hour
inhalation MOEs for adults and children are 10 and 4, respectively.

+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
| **Table 5.5.         |            |                   |             |
| Short-term           |            |                   |             |
| Residential Post     |            |                   |             |
| Application Risks    |            |                   |             |
| for Adults and       |            |                   |             |
| Children**.          |            |                   |             |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Exposure Scenario    | Dermal MOE | Incidental        | Inhalation  |
|                      |            | Ingestion MOE     | MOE         |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Child playing on     | 33         | 760               | NA          |
| floor                |            |                   |             |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Child playing on     | **45**     | 520               | NA          |
| carpet               |            |                   |             |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Clothing             | 690 adults | 2,600             | NA          |
|                      | and        |                   |             |
| (Laundered -- 1%     | children   |                   |             |
| transfer)            |            |                   |             |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Clothing             | **1**      | **12**            |             |
|                      |            |                   |             |
| (Fabric spray -- 5%  |            |                   |             |
| transfer)            |            |                   |             |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Child playing on     | 6 average  | 360               | NA          |
| decks/play sets      |            |                   |             |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
|                      | 3 max      |                   |             |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
|                      |            |                   |             |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Swimming             | NA         | Ranges from 330   | NA          |
|                      |            | to 4,000 for      |             |
|                      |            | adults and        |             |
|                      |            | children          |             |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
| Humidifiers          | NA         | NA                | **Adult 11  |
|                      |            |                   | (24-hrs)**  |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+
|                      |            |                   | **Child 5   |
|                      |            |                   | (24-hrs)**  |
+----------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------+

NA = not assessed because negligible exposure is assumed by that route
for the exposure scenario of concern.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911787 .anchor}**6.0 AGGREGATE RISK ASSESSMENT
AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION**

In order for a pesticide registration to continue, it must be shown that
the use does not result in "unreasonable adverse effects on the
environment". Section 2 (bb) of FIFRA defines this term to include "a
human dietary risk from residues that result from a use of a pesticide
in or on any food inconsistent with standard under section 408\..." of
FFDCA. Consequently, even though no pesticide tolerances have been
established for DDAC, the standards of FQPA must still be met, including
"that there is reasonable certainty that no harm will result from
aggregate exposure to pesticide chemical residue, including all
anticipated dietary exposures and other exposures for which there are
reliable information." Aggregate exposure is the total exposure to a
single chemical (or its residues) that may occur from dietary (i.e.,
food and drinking water), residential, and other non-occupational
sources, and from all known or plausible exposure routes (oral, dermal,
and inhalation). Aggregate risk assessment were conducted for short-term
(1-30 days), intermediate-term (1-6 months) and chronic (several months
to lifetime) exposures.

In performing aggregate exposure and risk assessments, the Office of
Pesticide Programs has published guidance outlining the necessary steps
to perform such assessments (General Principles for Performing Aggregate
Exposure and Risk Assessments, November 28, 2001; available at
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/trac/science/aggregate.pdf). Steps for
deciding whether to perform aggregate exposure and risk assessments are
listed, which include: identification of toxicological endpoints for
each exposure route and duration; identification of potential exposures
for each pathway (food, water, and/or residential); reconciliation of
durations and pathways of exposure with durations and pathways of health
effects; determination of which possible residential exposure scenarios
are likely to occur together within a given time frame; determination of
magnitude and duration of exposure for all exposure combinations;
determination of the appropriate technique (deterministic or
probabilistic) for exposure assessment; and determination of the
appropriate risk metric to estimate aggregate risk.

## 6.1 Acute and Chronic Aggregate Risks 

The acute and chronic aggregate risk assessment includes dietary and
drinking water exposures. No drinking water exposures were identified
for DDAC. Acute and chronic dietary risk estimates from direct and
indirect food uses are presented in Section 5.2. Table 6-1 presents a
summary of these exposures, including the aggregate indirect and direct
dietary exposure (all direct and indirect food contact exposures). Based
on the results of the acute and chronic aggregate assessment, the % aPAD
and % cPAD for adults and children are 3.8% and 14%, respectively.
Therefore, the acute and chronic dietary risks are not of concern (i.e.,
less then 100 % of aPAD and cPAD).

+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| **Table 6-1. DDAC  |         |         |         |         |         |
| Acute and Chronic  |         |         |         |         |         |
| Aggregate          |         |         |         |         |         |
| Exposures and      |         |         |         |         |         |
| Risks (aPAD and    |         |         |         |         |         |
| cPAD)**            |         |         |         |         |         |
+====================+=========+=========+=========+=========+=========+
| Exposure Routes    | Acute   |         |         |         |         |
|                    | and     |         |         |         |         |
|                    | Chronic |         |         |         |         |
|                    | Dietary |         |         |         |         |
|                    | Ex      |         |         |         |         |
|                    | posures |         |         |         |         |
|                    | (mg/    |         |         |         |         |
|                    | kg/day) |         |         |         |         |
+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
|                    | I       | Direct  | D       | Ag      | \% aPAD |
|                    | ndirect | Food    | rinking | gregate | and     |
|                    | Dietary | Contact | Water   | Dietary | cPAD    |
|                    | Expos   | Dietary | Ex      | Expos   |         |
|                    | ures^a^ | Expos   | posures | ures^b^ | (MOE)   |
|                    |         | ures^a^ |         |         |         |
+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| ***Adults***       |         |         |         |         |         |
+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| Oral Ingestion     | 0.0033  | 0.00046 | None    | 0.00376 | 3.8     |
|                    |         |         |         |         |         |
|                    |         |         |         |         | (2,700) |
+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| ***Children***     |         |         |         |         |         |
+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| Oral Ingestion     | 0.013   | 0.0012  | None    | 0.0142  | 14      |
|                    |         |         |         |         |         |
|                    |         |         |         |         | \(700\) |
+--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

a Dietary (indirect + direct food contact) exposures are presented in
Tables 5.1 and 5.2.

b Aggregate Dietary Exposures = indirect dietary + direct food contact +
drinking water exposures.

c %aPAD and cPAD (percent acute or chronic population adjusted dose) =
aggregate exposures / (a PAD or cPAD) x 100. Where aPAD and cPAD = NOAEL
10 mg/kg/day / 100x uncertainty factor = 0.1 mg/kg/day. MOE = NOAEL of
10 mg/kg/day / aggregate dietary exposures mg/kg/day.

##  6.2 Short- and Intermediate-Term Aggregate Exposures and Risks 

Short- and intermediate-term aggregate exposures and risks were assessed
for adults and children that could be exposed to DDAC residues from the
use of products in non-occupational environments. The short- and
intermediate-term aggregate risks account for pesticide exposures from
the diet, drinking water, and residential uses. The following list
summarizes all of the potential sources of DDAC exposures for adults and
children.

Adult DDAC exposure sources:

-   handling of cleaning products containing DDAC as an active
    ingredient during wiping, mopping, and spraying activities;

-   applying products containing DDAC to lawns/ornamentals;

-   applying DDAC as an air deodorizer using an aerosol spray;

-   applying DDAC to carpets using a low pressure sprayer;

-   applying DDAC to swimming pools via open pouring;

-   applying DDAC to humidifiers via open pouring;

-   contacting pressure treated wood;

-   wearing treated clothing;

-   use of DDAC in humidifiers; and

-   eating food having DDAC residues from indirect or direct food
    contact.

Child DDAC exposure sources:

-   post-application exposures to cleaning product residues containing
    DDAC that are used on hard surfaces (e.g, floors/carpets);

-   breathing air treated with a humidifier;

-   swimming in treated pools;

-   contacting pressure treated wood;

-   wearing treated clothing/diapers;

-   eating food having DDAC residues from indirect or direct food
    contact.

The use patterns of the products and probability of co-occurrence must
be considered when selecting scenarios for incorporation in the
aggregate assessment. Table 6-2 summarizes the scenarios included in the
short- and intermediate-term aggregate assessments.

+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+
| **    |                              |                              |
| Table |                              |                              |
| 6-2.  |                              |                              |
| Exp   |                              |                              |
| osure |                              |                              |
| Scen  |                              |                              |
| arios |                              |                              |
| Inc   |                              |                              |
| luded |                              |                              |
| in    |                              |                              |
| the   |                              |                              |
| Aggr  |                              |                              |
| egate |                              |                              |
| Ass   |                              |                              |
| essme |                              |                              |
| nts** |                              |                              |
+=======+==============================+==============================+
|       | Short-term (ST) Aggregate    | Intermediate-Term (IT)       |
|       |                              | Aggregate                    |
+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+
| A     | -   chronic dietary (direct  | Oral: ST and IT endpoints    |
| dults |     and indirect)            | are the same for both        |
|       |                              | durations.                   |
|       | -   handling cleaning        |                              |
|       |     products (wipe + trigger | Dermal: ST endpoint only.    |
|       |     pump spray)              |                              |
|       |                              | Inhalation: All durations    |
|       | -   wearing treated clothing | same endpoint.               |
|       |                              |                              |
|       | -   humidifier               |                              |
+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Chi   | -   chronic dietary --       | Oral: ST and IT endpoints    |
| ldren |     (direct and indirect)    | are the same for both        |
|       |                              | durations.                   |
|       | -   post-application to      |                              |
|       |     cleaning product on      | Dermal: ST endpoint only.    |
|       |     carpets (dermal and      |                              |
|       |     oral)                    | Inhalation: All durations    |
|       |                              | same endpoint.               |
|       | -   wearing treated clothing |                              |
|       |                              |                              |
|       | -   humidifier               |                              |
+-------+------------------------------+------------------------------+

The chronic dietary exposures were used in both the short- and
intermediate-term aggregate assessment because chronic dietary exposures
occur nearly every day (as opposed to acute dietary exposures occurring
on a one-time basis). Therefore, short- or intermediate-term non-dietary
exposures have a much higher probability to co-occur with the chronic
dietary intake.

Cleaning activities in a residential setting occur on a short-term
basis. However, the DDAC-containing cleaning products are also labeled
for use in institutional settings such as day-care facilities where
cleaning activities can occur on an intermediate-term basis. Therefore,
children could have exposure to cleaning product residues on a more
continuous basis in a day care facility, thus, these post-application
scenarios were included in the intermediate-term aggregate assessment.

The DDAC toxicity endpoints for the chronic dietary and the
intermediate-term incidental oral are based on the same toxic effect
(and same study), and therefore, these two dietary routes of exposure
are aggregated. On the other hand, the dermal and inhalation routes of
exposure are based on different toxic effects, and therefore, these two
routes of exposure are not aggregated. However, the dermal route of
exposure is aggregated among those dermal exposure scenarios that are
believed to co-occur. In addition, the inhalation route of exposure is
also aggregated among the inhalation exposure scenarios that are
believed to co-occur. Aggregate risks were calculated using the total
MOE approach outlined in OPP guidance for aggregate risk assessment
(August 1, 1999, Updated "Interim Guidance for Incorporating Drinking
Water Exposure into Aggregate Risk Assessments"). Table 6-3 presents a
summary of the short-term aggregate risks (i.e., MOEs). Only the
short-term aggregate is presented because the endpoints for incidental
oral as well as inhalation are identical for the short- and
intermediate-term durations. Only a short-term dermal endpoint was
identified (i.e., no intermediate- and/or long-term dermal endpoints
were identified).

The aggregate risks are not of concern for adults for any of the three
routes of exposure except for the dermal exposure. The adult dermal MOE
for the cleaning products indicate that the MOEs are less than the
target MOE of 100. For children, the oral aggregate (dietary and
intermediate-term ingestion for children at day care centers) is 270.
The children aggregate MOE for the dermal route is 42. No children
aggregate inhalation scenarios were determined to co-occur. It is
important to note, however, that some of the individual risks for
scenarios not included in the aggregate are of concern by themselves
(e.g., the humidifier use and the fabric spray for clothing).

<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 15%" />
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 0%" />
<col style="width: 10%" />
<col style="width: 12%" />
<col style="width: 15%" />
<col style="width: 11%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th colspan="10"><strong>Table 6-3. Short- and Intermediate-term
Aggregate Risk (MOE) Assessment for DDAC</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<th>Exposure Routes</th>
<th><p>Chronic Dietary</p>
<p>MOE</p></th>
<th colspan="5"><p>Cleaning Product MOEs</p>
<p>(Adult Applicators &amp; Children Playing)</p></th>
<th><p>Humidifier</p>
<p>MOE</p></th>
<th><p>Wearing Treated Clothing</p>
<p>MOE</p></th>
<th><p>Route-Specific</p>
<p>Aggregate</p>
<p>MOE</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td colspan="10"><em><strong>Adults</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Oral Ingestion</td>
<td>2,700</td>
<td colspan="5">NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>2,700</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>Dermal</p>
<p>(1 to 10% ai)</p></td>
<td rowspan="2">NA</td>
<td colspan="2">29 (mop)</td>
<td colspan="2">11 (wipe)</td>
<td>110 (spray)</td>
<td rowspan="2">NA</td>
<td rowspan="2">690</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><p>Dermal</p>
<p>(&gt;10% ai)</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>3</p>
<p>(mop)</p></td>
<td colspan="2"><p>1</p>
<p>(wipe)</p></td>
<td><p>12</p>
<p>(spray)</p></td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Inhalation</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td><p>13,000</p>
<p>(mop)</p></td>
<td colspan="2">3,400 (wipe)</td>
<td colspan="2">96,000 (spray)</td>
<td>Not included, risk of concern</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>2,600</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td colspan="10"><em><strong>Children</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Oral Ingestion</td>
<td>700</td>
<td colspan="5"><p>520</p>
<p>(IT hand-to-mouth carpets)</p></td>
<td>NA</td>
<td><p>2,600</p>
<p>(IT Laundered)</p></td>
<td>270</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>Dermal</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td colspan="5">45 (playing on carpets, 5% residue transfer)</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>690 (Laundered)</td>
<td>42</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>Inhalation</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td colspan="5">NA</td>
<td>Not included, risk of concern</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>No co-occurrence</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Aggregate MOE = 1/((1/MOE~same\ route~) + (1/~MOE\ same\ route~) + etc)

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911790 .anchor}**7.0 CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE AND
RISK**

Another standard of section 408 of the FFDCA which must be considered in
making an unreasonable adverse effect determination is that the Agency
considers \"available information" concerning the cumulative effects of
a particular pesticide\'s residues and \"other substances that have a
common mechanism of toxicity."

Unlike other pesticides for which EPA has followed a cumulative risk
approach based on a common mechanism of toxicity, EPA has not made a
common mechanism of toxicity finding as to DDAC and any other substances
and DDAC does not appear to produce a toxic metabolite produced by other
substances. For the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA
has not assumed that DDACs has a common mechanism of toxicity with other
substances. For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which
chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the
cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the policy statements released
by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs concerning common mechanism
determinations and procedures for cumulating effects from substances
found to have a common mechanism on EPA's website at
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative/.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911791 .anchor}**8.0 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT**

Potential occupational handler exposure can occur in various use sites,
which include: agricultural premises, industrial processes and water
systems, food handling premises, commercial/institutional/industrial
premises, medical premises, swimming pools, and aquatic areas.
Additionally, occupational exposure can occur during the preservation of
wood. For the preservation of wood, the procedure for treatment can
occur in different ways, such that multiple worker functions were
analyzed. Due to the complexity of the wood preservative analysis, the
results for handler and post-application exposures are presented
separately in Section 8.3.

## 8.1 Occupational Handler Exposures

DDAC dermal irritation exposures and risks were not estimated for
occupational handler exposures. Instead, dermal irritation exposures and
risks will be mitigated using default personal protective equipment
requirements based on the toxicity of the end-use product. To minimize
dermal exposures, the minimum PPE required for mixers, loaders, and
others exposed to end-use products containing concentrations of DDAC
that result in classification of category I, II, or III for skin
irritation potential will be long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes,
socks, chemical-resistant gloves, and chemical-resistant apron. Once
diluted, if the concentration of DDAC in the diluted solution would
result in classification of toxicity category IV for skin irritation
potential, then the chemical-resistant gloves and chemical-resistant
apron can be eliminated for applicators and others exposed to the
dilute. Note that chemical-resistant eyewear will be required if the
end-use product is classified as category I or II for eye irritation
potential.

Inhalation exposures and risks were presented based on the oral toxicity
endpoint (i.e., route-specific inhalation study not available). The
surrogate unit exposure values were taken from the proprietary Chemical
Manufacturers Association (CMA) antimicrobial exposure study (USEPA,
1999b: DP Barcode D247642) or from the Pesticide Handler Exposure
Database (USEPA, 1998). The specific inhalation unit exposures and
quantity of DDAC handled are provided in the Occupational and
Residential Exposure chapter for DDAC.

The inhalation MOEs were calculated for the short- and intermediate-term
durations for occupational handlers using the oral endpoint.

[Risk Characterization]{.underline}

The resulting inhalation exposures and MOEs for the representative
occupational handler scenarios are presented in Table 8.1. The
calculated MOEs were above the target MOE of 100 for all scenarios.

+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Table 8.1  |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Short- ,     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| I            |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| ntermediate- |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| and          |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Long-Term    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Inhalation   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Risks        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Associated   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| with         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Occupational |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Handlers**   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+==============+===========+=====+========+========+=======+========+
| Exposure     | Method of | I   | Appli  | Qu     | Inhal | Inha   |
| Scenario     | Ap        | nha | cation | antity | ation | lation |
|              | plication | lat | Rate   | Ha     | Abs   |        |
|              |           | ion |        | ndled/ | orbed | MOE^   |
|              |           | U   |        | T      | Daily | b,\ c^ |
|              |           | nit |        | reated | Dose  |        |
|              |           | Ex  |        | per    | (mg/  | (      |
|              |           | pos |        | day    | kg/da | Target |
|              |           | ure |        |        | y)^a^ | MOE =  |
|              |           |     |        |        |       | 100)   |
|              |           | (mg |        |        |       |        |
|              |           | /lb |        |        |       |        |
|              |           | a.  |        |        |       |        |
|              |           | i.) |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **           |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Agricultural |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Premises and |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Equipment    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| (Use Site    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| I)**         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Mop       | 2   | 0.0094 | 2      | 0     | 13,000 |
| to hard      |           | .38 | lb     | g      | .0075 |        |
| surfaces,    |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| equipment,   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| and vehicles |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | High      | 0   | 0.0094 | 40     | 0.    | 13,000 |
|              | pres      | .12 | lb     | g      | 00075 |        |
|              | sure/high |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
|              | volume    |     |        |        |       |        |
|              | spray     |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Low       | 0.  | 0.0094 | 40     | 0     | 2,300  |
|              | pressure  | 681 | lb     | g      | .0043 |        |
|              | hand wand |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Trigger   | 1.3 | 0.0094 | 0.26   | 0.0   | 1      |
|              | pump      |     | lb     | g      | 00052 | 90,000 |
|              | sprayer   |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Wipe      | 6   | 0.0094 | 0.26   | 0     | 3,600  |
|              |           | 7.3 | lb     | g      | .0027 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Fogging      | Liquid    | 1   | 1.     | 1      | 0.089 | 110    |
| (mix/load    | pour      | .89 | 88E-05 | 50,000 |       |        |
| only)        |           |     | lb     | ft^3^  |       |        |
|              |           |     | /ft^3^ |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Number     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| range        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| CHAPTERFood  |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Hand         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| ling/Storage |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Es           |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| tablishments |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Premises And |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Equipment    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| (Use Site    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| II)**        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Low       | 0.  | 0.0200 | 2      | 0.    | 22,000 |
| to indoor    | pressure  | 681 | lb     | g      | 00045 |        |
| hard         | hand wand |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| surfaces     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Mop       | 2   | 0.0200 | 2      | 0     | 6,300  |
|              |           | .38 | lb     | g      | .0016 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Wipe      | 6   | 0.0200 | 0.26   | 0     | 1,700  |
|              |           | 7.3 | lb     | g      | .0058 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Trigger   | 1.3 | 0.0200 | 0.26   | 0.    | 89,000 |
|              | pump      |     | lb     | g      | 00011 |        |
|              | sprayer   |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | I         | 1   | 0      | 2      | 0.    | 81,000 |
|              | mmersion, | .89 | .00196 | g      | 00012 |        |
|              | Flooding, |     | lb     | allons |       |        |
|              | Ci        |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
|              | rculation |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Number     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| range        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| CHAPTE       |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| RCommercial, |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| I            |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| nstitutional |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| and          |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Industrial   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Premises and |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Equipment    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| (Use Site    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category III |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| )**          |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Low       | 0.  | 0.0200 | 2      | 0.    | 22,000 |
| to indoor    | pressure  | 681 | lb     | g      | 00045 |        |
| hard         | hand wand |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| surfaces     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Mop       | 2   | 0.0200 | 2      | 0     | 6,300  |
|              |           | .38 | lb     | g      | .0016 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Wipe      | 6   | 0.0200 | 0.26   | 0     | 1,700  |
|              |           | 7.3 | lb     | g      | .0058 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Trigger   | 1.3 | 0.0200 | 0.26   | 0.    | 89,000 |
|              | pump      |     | lb     | g      | 00011 |        |
|              | sprayer   |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Liquid    | 1   | 0.0043 | 2      | 0.    | 37,000 |
|              | pour      | .89 | lb     | g      | 00027 |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Liquid    | 0   | 0.102  | 32     | 0.    | 53,000 |
| to carpets   | pour      | .00 | lb     | g      | 00019 |        |
|              |           | 346 | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Medical    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Premises and |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Equipment    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| (Use Site    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| V)**         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Mop       | 2   | 0.0200 | 45     | 0.036 | 280    |
| to hard      |           | .38 | lb     | g      |       |        |
| surfaces     |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Industrial |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Processes    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| and Water    |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Systems (Use |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Site         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| VIII)**      |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Small        | Liquid    | 0   | 4.17   | 2.5    | 0.078 | 130    |
| process      | pour      | .45 | lb     | g      |       |        |
| water        |           |     | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| systems:     |           |     | p      |        |       |        |
| R            |           |     | roduct |        |       |        |
| ecirculating |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| cooling      |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| tower        |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              | Metering  | 0   | I      | 20,000 | 0     | ST =   |
|              | pump      | .00 | nitial | g      | .0022 | 4,600  |
|              |           | 432 | Dose   | allons |       |        |
|              |           |     | (ST):  |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 1.50   |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | E-03lb |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | water  |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              |           |     | Maint  | 20,000 | 0.    | IT     |
|              |           |     | enance | g      | 00022 | =      |
|              |           |     | Dose   | allons |       | 46,000 |
|              |           |     | (IT):  |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 1.50   |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | E-04lb |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | water  |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Oil field    | Liquid    | 0   | 1.50   | 5.6    | 0.    | ST =   |
| operations - | pour      | .00 | lb     | g      | 00048 | 21,000 |
| drilling mud |           | 346 | ai/gal | allons |       |        |
| and packing  |           |     | p      |        |       |        |
| fluids       |           |     | roduct |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              |           |     |        | 2.8    | 0.    | IT =   |
|              |           |     |        | g      | 00024 | 41,000 |
|              |           |     |        | allons |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| **Swimming   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Pools (Use   |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Site         |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| Category     |           |     |        |        |       |        |
| X)^d^**      |           |     |        |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
| Application  | Liquid    | 0   | Heavy  | 2      | 0     | ST=    |
| to swimming  | pour      | .00 | algae  | 00,000 | .0002 | 15,000 |
| pools        |           | 346 | Dose   | g      |       |        |
|              |           |     | (ST):  | allons |       |        |
|              |           |     |        |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 0.     |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 000017 |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | lb     |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+
|              |           |     | Maint  | 2      | 0.0   | IT=2   |
|              |           |     | enance | 00,000 | 00048 | 10,000 |
|              |           |     | Dose   | g      |       |        |
|              |           |     | (I     | allons |       |        |
|              |           |     | T/LT): |        |       |        |
|              |           |     |        |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 0.00   |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | 000417 |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | lb     |        |       |        |
|              |           |     | ai/gal |        |       |        |
+--------------+-----------+-----+--------+--------+-------+--------+

ST = short-term, IT = intermediate-term, LT = long-term, N/A= No data
available

a Absorbed Daily dose (mg/kg/day) = \[unit exposure (mg/lb a.i.) x
absorption factor (1.0 for inhalation) x application rate x quantity
treated / Body weight (60 kg for inhalation).

b MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / Absorbed Daily Dose \[Where NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day for all inhalation exposure durations\]. Target MOE = 100.

c The MOEs refer to short-term and intermediate-term duration unless
indicated otherwise.

d\. The swimming pool scenario also represents the decorative
pond/fountain scenario in the aquatic area use site category because the
application rates are very similar.

## 8.2 Occupational Post-application Exposures

Except for the post-application scenarios assessed for fogging wood
preservatives (Section 8.3), occupational post-application dermal and
inhalation exposures are assumed to be negligible.

**[Fogging (Food Processing Plant and Hatchery)]{.underline}**

Post-application inhalation exposures only were assessed for entry into
a building (hatchery and food processing plant) after a fogging
application, because dermal post application is presumed to be
negligible. The inhalation exposure assessment was conducted using the
Multi-Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM v1.2). MCCEM
estimates average and peak indoor air concentrations of chemicals
released from products or materials in houses, apartments, townhouses,
or other residences. Although the data libraries contained in MCCEM are
limited to residential settings, the model can be used to assess other
indoor environments. MCCEM has the capability to estimate inhalation
exposures to chemicals, calculated as single day doses, chronic average
daily doses, or lifetime average daily doses. (All dose estimates are
potential doses; they do not account for actual absorption into the
body.)

The product, EPA Reg \# 10324-80 (3.3% ai) with a maximum application
rate of 0.0065 lb ai/gal, was assessed for fogging use in a food
processing plant. The label states to fog one quart of the diluted
product per 1,000 cubic feet. All labels which can be used for fogging
in food processing areas indicate that all personnel must vacate the
room during fogging and for a minimum of 2 hours after fogging.
Therefore, exposure was calculated for a person entering the food
processing plant 2 hours after all the applied fogger has been deployed.

The MOE for fogging in the food processing plant (2-hr re-entry
interval) was below the target MOE of 100. For fogging in hatcheries,
the 8-hr MOE is 120 immediately after fogging and 6,600 after a 2 hour
REI. The risks of concern for the food processing plant are attributed
to the low air changes per hour assumed (i.e., 0.18 ACH as a default
parameter in MCCEM to represent low air flow) in the assessment. This
assessment can be refined with additional information on air flows in
food processing plants. For the poultry barn, ventilation rate was
obtained from Jacobson (2005). The assessment for food processing plants
could be refined if a more accurate ventilation rate could be obtained.
Additional suggested label language to assure proper ventilation
includes:

\--ten air exchanges, or

\--2 hours of mechanical ventilation (i.e., fans), or

\--4 hours of passive ventilation (i.e., windows, vents), or

\--11 hours of no ventilation followed by 1 hour of mechanical
ventilation, or

\--11 hours of no ventilation followed by 2 hours of passive
ventilation, or

\--24 hours of no ventilation

## 8.3 Wood Preservation

DDAC is used in products that are intended to preserve wood through both
non-pressure treatment methods and pressure treatment methods. Section
8.3.1 presents the exposure analysis for the handler and
post-application scenarios for non-pressure treatment scenarios and
Section 8.3.2 presents the exposure analysis for the handler and
post-application scenarios for pressure treatment scenarios.

Dermal irritation exposures from post-application activities in the wood
preservation treatment facility will be mitigated using default personal
protective equipment requirements based on the toxicity of the end-use
product. Therefore, only inhalation exposures and risks are presented.

###  8.3.1 Non-Pressure Treatment Scenarios (Handler and Post-application)

The proprietary study, "*Measurement and Assessment of Dermal and
Inhalation Exposures to Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) Used
in the Protection of Cut Lumber (Phase III)"* (Bestari et al., 1999,
MRID 455243-04) identified various worker functions/positions for
individuals that handle DDAC-containing wood preservatives for
non-pressure treatment application methods and for individuals that
could then come into contact with the preserved wood. The worker
functions/positions identified in the DDAC study are presented below.

**Handler:**

-   ***Blender/spray operators*** are workers that add the wood
    preservative into a blender/sprayer system for composite wood via
    closed-liquid pumping.

-   ***Diptank Operators*** can be in reference to wood being lowered
    into the treating solution through an automated process (i.e.,
    elevator diptank, forklift diptank). This scenario can also occur in
    a smaller scale treatment facility in which the worker can manually
    dip the wood into the treatment solution.

-   ***Chemical operators*** for a spray box system consist of chemical
    operators, chemical assistants, chemical supervisors, and chemical
    captains. These individuals maintain a chemical supply balance along
    with flushing and cleaning spray nozzles.

**Post-application:**

-   ***Graders**,* positioned right after the spray box, grade dry
    lumber by hand (i.e. detect faults). In the DDAC study, graders
    graded wet lumber; therefore, the exposures to graders using DDAC
    are worst-case scenarios.

-   ***Millwrights*** repair all conveyer chains and general up-keep of
    the mill.

-   ***Clean-up crews*** perform general cleaning duties at the mill.

-   ***Trim saw operators*** operate the hula trim saw and consist of
    operators and strappers. In the DDAC study, hula trim saw operators
    handled dry lumber.

-   ***Construction workers*** install treated plywood, oriented strand
    board, medium density fiberboard, and others.

The blender/spray operator position was assessed using CMA unit exposure
data and the remaining handler and post-application positions were
assessed using data from the DDAC study (Bestari et al., 1999).

**[Blender/Spray Operators]{.underline}**

Table 8.2 provides the inhalation doses and MOEs for the workers adding
the preservative to the wood slurry. The inhalation MOE is above the
target MOE of 100 for short-, intermediate-, and long-term inhalation
exposures (MOE = 280).

+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+
| **Table  |           |            |         |           |           |
| 8.2.     |           |            |         |           |           |
| Short-,  |           |            |         |           |           |
| Interm   |           |            |         |           |           |
| ediate-, |           |            |         |           |           |
| and      |           |            |         |           |           |
| L        |           |            |         |           |           |
| ong-Term |           |            |         |           |           |
| In       |           |            |         |           |           |
| halation |           |            |         |           |           |
| E        |           |            |         |           |           |
| xposures |           |            |         |           |           |
| and MOEs |           |            |         |           |           |
| for      |           |            |         |           |           |
| Blend    |           |            |         |           |           |
| er/Spray |           |            |         |           |           |
| Op       |           |            |         |           |           |
| erator** |           |            |         |           |           |
+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+
| Exposure | I         | A          | Wood    | Daily     | ST/IT/LT  |
| Scenario | nhalation | pplication | Slurry  | Dose^c^   |           |
|          | Unit      | Rate       | Tre     | (m        | MOE^d^    |
|          | Ex        |            | ated^b^ | g/kg/day) |           |
|          | posure^a^ | (% ai in   |         |           | (Target   |
|          |           | solution/  | (       |           | MOE =     |
|          | (mg/lb    |            | lb/day) |           | 100)      |
|          | ai)       | day)       |         |           |           |
+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+
| Occu     |           |            |         |           |           |
| pational |           |            |         |           |           |
| Handler  |           |            |         |           |           |
+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+
| Blend    | 0.000403  | 3          | 178,000 | 0.036     | 280       |
| er/spray |           |            |         |           |           |
| operator |           |            |         |           |           |
+----------+-----------+------------+---------+-----------+-----------+

ST = Short-term duration; IT = Intermediate-term duration; and LT =
long-term.

a.  Inhalation unit exposure: Baseline.

b\. Wood slurry treated = (8 batches/day x 7,000 gallons/batch x
0.003785 m^3^/gallon x 380 kg/m^3^ x 2.2 lb/kg)

c\. Daily Dose = unit exposure (mg/lb ai) x App Rate (% ai/day) x
Quantity treated (lb/day) x absorption factor (100% for inhalation) / BW
(60 kg)

d\. MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day)/ Daily dose \[Where ST/IT/LT NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day for inhalation. Target MOE = 100.

**[Chemical Operators, Graders, Millwrights, Clean-up Crews, and Trim
Saw Operators]{.underline}**

Table 8.3 provides the short-, intermediate-, and long-term inhalation
doses and MOEs for chemical operators, graders, millwrights, clean-up
crews, and trim saw operators. The inhalation MOEs are above the target
MOE of 100 for all worker functions. Any dermal irritation exposures
from post-application activities will be mitigated using default
personal protective equipment requirements based on the toxicity of the
end-use product.

+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| **Table 8.3.     |          |             |                |        |
| Short-,          |          |             |                |        |
| Intermediate,    |          |             |                |        |
| and Long-Term    |          |             |                |        |
| Inhalation       |          |             |                |        |
| Exposures and    |          |             |                |        |
| MOEs for Wood    |          |             |                |        |
| Preservative     |          |             |                |        |
| Chemical         |          |             |                |        |
| Operators,       |          |             |                |        |
| Graders, Trim    |          |             |                |        |
| Saw Operators,   |          |             |                |        |
| and Clean-Up     |          |             |                |        |
| Crews (Handler   |          |             |                |        |
| and              |          |             |                |        |
| Post-application |          |             |                |        |
| Activities)**    |          |             |                |        |
+==================+==========+=============+================+========+
| Exposure         | In       | Conversion  | Daily Dose^d^  | MOE^e^ |
| Scenario^a^      | halation | Ratio^c^    |                | (      |
|                  | UE^b^    |             | (mg/kg/day)    | Target |
| (number of       |          |             |                | MOE =  |
| volunteers)      | (mg/day) |             |                | 100)   |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Occupational     |          |             |                |        |
| Handlers         |          |             |                |        |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Chemical         | 0.0281   | NA          | 0.000468       | 21,000 |
| Operator (n=11)  |          |             |                |        |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Occupational     |          |             |                |        |
| Post-Application |          |             |                |        |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Grader (n=13)    | 0.0295   | NA          | 0.000491       | 20,000 |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Trim Saw (n=2)   | 0.061    | NA          | 0.00101        | 9,900  |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Millwright (n=3) | 0.057    | NA          | 0.00095        | 11,000 |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+
| Clean-Up (n=6)   | 0.60     | NA          | 0.0101         | 990    |
+------------------+----------+-------------+----------------+--------+

ST = Short-term duration, IT = Intermediate-term duration, LT =
Long-term duration

a\. The exposure scenario represents a worker wearing short-sleeved
shirts, cotton work trousers, and cotton glove dosimeter gloves under
chemical resistant gloves. Volunteers were grouped according to tasks
they conducted at the mill.

b\. Inhalation unit exposures are from Bestari et. al. (1999). Refer to
Table E-1 in Appendix E for the calculation of the inhalation exposures.
Inhalation exposure (mg/day) was calculated using the following
equation: Air concentration (μg/m^3^) x Inhalation rate (1.0 m^3^/hr) x
Sample duration (8 hr/day) x Unit conversion (1 mg/1000 μg). The
inhalation rate is from USEPA, 1997.

c\. A conversion ratio is not needed because the maximum % active
ingredient in the product is the same as the % active ingredient in the
DDAC study.

d\. Daily dose (mg/kg/day) = exposure (mg/day) x absorption factor (100%
for inhalation)/body weight (60 kg).

e\. MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day)/ Daily dose \[Where inhalation NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day\]. Target MOE = 100.

**[Diptank Operators]{.underline}**

Exposures to diptank operators were also assessed using the data from
the DDAC study (Bestari et al., 1999). The diptank scenario assessment
was conducted differently than for the other job functions because the
concentration of DDAC in the diptank solution was provided. The exposure
data for diptank operators were converted into Aunit exposures@ in terms
of mg a.i. for each 1% of concentration of the product. Table 8.4
provides the short-, intermediate- and long-term inhalation dose and
MOEs for diptank operators. The inhalation MOE is above the target MOE
of 100 and, therefore, is not of concern.

+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+
| **Table 8.4.      |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Short-,           |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Intermediate-,    |                   |         |   |           |      |
| and Long-Term     |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Inhalation        |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Exposures and     |                   |         |   |           |      |
| MOEs for Diptank  |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Operator (Handler |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Activity)**       |                   |         |   |           |      |
+===================+===================+=========+===+===========+======+
| Exposure          | Inhalation Unit   | App     |   | Daily     | MO   |
| Scenario^a^       | Exposure^b^       | Rate    |   | Dose^c^   | E^d^ |
|                   |                   |         |   |           |      |
| (number of        | (mg DDAC/1%       | (% a.i. |   | (m        |      |
| replicates)       | solution)         | in      |   | g/kg/day) |      |
|                   |                   | so      |   |           |      |
|                   |                   | lution/ |   |           |      |
|                   |                   | day)    |   |           |      |
+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+
|                   |                   |         |   |           |      |
+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+
| Occupational      |                   |         |   |           |      |
| Handler           |                   |         |   |           |      |
+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+
| Dipping, with     | 0.046             | 3       | 0 |           | 4    |
| gloves (n=7)      |                   |         | . |           | ,300 |
|                   |                   |         | 0 |           |      |
|                   |                   |         | 0 |           |      |
|                   |                   |         | 2 |           |      |
|                   |                   |         | 3 |           |      |
+-------------------+-------------------+---------+---+-----------+------+

a The exposure scenario represents a worker not wearing a respirator.

b Inhalation unit exposures are from DDAC study (MRID 455243‑04). Refer
to Table E-2 in Appendix E for inhalation unit exposure calculations.
Inhalation exposure (mg) was calculated using the following equation:
Air concentration (mg/m^3^) x Inhalation rate (1.0 m^3^/hr) x Sample
Duration (8 hr). The inhalation rate is from USEPA, 1997.

c Daily dose (mg/kg/day) = unit exposure (mg/1% ai solution) x percent
active ingredient in solution (3% ai) x absorption factor (100% for
inhalation) / body weight (60 kg).

d MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / Daily dose \[Where inhalation NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day. Target MOE = 100.

**[Construction workers]{.underline}**

Potential risks resulting from construction worker dermal contact with
DDAC-treated wood are assessed in the same manner as potential risks
resulting from children's dermal contact with DDAC-treated play sets and
decks. The risks were calculated using average worker residue data for
hands available in the DDAC exposure study. Hand residue data from the
end stacker, stickman, and tallyman workers were used because of the
possibility of the contact with dry treated wood. The maximum and
average values of these data (3.0 and1.4 g/cm^2^, respectively) were
assumed to be the dermal skin irritation exposure. The dermal MOE are
less than or equal to1 for maximum and average hand residues. A wood
wipe study is needed to refine the risk estimates.

### 8.3.2 Pressure Treatment Scenarios (Handler and Post-Application)

DDAC may be used to treat wood and wood products using pressurized
application methods such as double vacuum. According to the product
labels, the maximum retention rate is 0.6 lb/ft^3^. An application rate
was not provided on the product labels; therefore, an application rate
of 3% ai solution was used in this assessment, based on the master
label. DDAC-specific exposure data are not available for assessment of
pressure treatment exposure. Therefore, the assessment relies on
surrogate chromated copper arsenate (CCA) data (ACC, 2002b) and was
based on the approach used in a previous exposure assessment (USEPA,
2003b).

The estimated inhalation exposures and risks for DDAC are presented in
Table 8.5. The calculated inhalation MOEs are above the target MOE of
100 for all scenarios.

+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| **Table 8.5.     |           |           |               |          |
| Short-,          |           |           |               |          |
| Intermediate-,   |           |           |               |          |
| and Long-Term    |           |           |               |          |
| Inhalation       |           |           |               |          |
| Exposures and    |           |           |               |          |
| MOEs for         |           |           |               |          |
| Pressure         |           |           |               |          |
| Treatment        |           |           |               |          |
| Handler and      |           |           |               |          |
| Post-application |           |           |               |          |
| Scenarios**      |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Exposure         | I         | Ap        | Absorbed      | In       |
| Scenario         | nhalation | plication | Daily         | halation |
|                  | Unit      | Rate      | Doses^b^      | MOEs^c^  |
|                  | Ex        |           |               |          |
|                  | posure^a^ | (% ai     | (mg/kg/day)   | (Target  |
|                  |           | solution) |               | MOE =    |
|                  | (μg       |           |               | 100)     |
|                  | As/ppm)   |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Occupational     |           |           |               |          |
| Handler          |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Treatment        | 0.00257   | 3         | 0.0013        | 7,800    |
| Operator (TO)    |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Treatment        | 0.000802  | 3         | 0.00040       | 25,000   |
| Assistant (TA)   |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| Occupational     |           |           |               |          |
| Post-application |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+
| All (Tram        | 0.00160   | 3         | 0.00080       | 13,000   |
| setter, stacker  |           |           |               |          |
| operator, loader |           |           |               |          |
| operator,        |           |           |               |          |
| supervisor, test |           |           |               |          |
| borer, and       |           |           |               |          |
| tallyman)        |           |           |               |          |
+------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------+

> a\. Unit exposure values taken from CCA study and are shown in Table
> 6.11.
>
> b\. Absorbed Daily Dose (mg/kg/day) = Unit Exposure (μg As/ppm) x \[%
> DDAC in solution (3) x 10,000 (parts per million conversion)\] x
> (0.001 mg/μg) x absorption factor (100% for inhalation) / Body weight
> (60 kg).

c\. MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / Daily dose \[Where inhalation NOAEL = 10
mg/kg/day for all durations. Target MOE = 100.

## 8.4 Data Limitations/Uncertainties

There are several data limitations and uncertainties associated with the
occupational handler and post-application exposure assessments. These
include:

-   Surrogate dermal and inhalation unit exposure values were taken from
    the proprietary Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
    antimicrobial exposure study (USEPA, 1999b: DP Barcode D247642) or
    from the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (USEPA, 1998). Since
    the CMA data are of poor quality, the Agency requests that
    confirmatory data be submitted to support the occupational scenarios
    assessed in this document.

-   Number range CHAPTERUnit exposures are not available for some of the
    specific scenarios that are prescribed for DDAC including open
    loading into oil-well/field environments

    -   The CMA data used for oil-well uses are based on open pouring of
        a material preservative. Although these data are only
        represented by 2 replicates each, the exposure values are
        similar to open loading of pesticides in PHED. Furthermore,
        there are no representative unit exposure data for chemical
        metering into secondary recovery oil operations. Since the
        volume of water being treated in secondary recovery operations
        is so large, the available CMA data can not be reliably
        extrapolated because they are based on activities that handle
        much lower volumes and possibly different techniques. Therefore,
        it was assumed that if the open pour handling activities for the
        other oil well operations resulted in MOEs that are not of
        concern, then the MOEs for the closed system chemical metering
        into secondary recovery operations would also be not of concern.
        The Agency requests that confirmatory data be conducted to show
        that this is accurate.

-   For the wood preservative pressure treatment scenarios, CCA exposure
    data were used for lack of DDAC-specific exposure data. Limitations
    and uncertainties associated with the use of these data include:

    -   The assumption was made that exposure patterns for workers at
        treatment facilities using CCA and DDAC would be similar to
        exposure patterns for workers at treatment facilities using
        DDAC, and therefore the exposures could be used as surrogate
        data for workers that treat wood with DDAC.

    -   For environmental modeling, it was assumed that the leaching
        process from the DDAC treated wood would be similar to that of
        CCA and DDAC. However, due to the lack of real data for DDAC
        -treated wood, it is not possible to verify this assumption.

```{=html}
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```
-   The quantities handled/treated were estimated based on information
    from various sources, including HED's Standard Operating Procedures
    (SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessments (USEPA, 2000 and 2001),
    and personal communication with experts. In particular, Number range
    CHAPTERthe use information for oil-well uses and cooling water tower
    uses are based on personal communication with biocide manufacturers
    for these types of uses. The individuals contacted have experience
    in these operations and their estimates are believed to be the best
    available without undertaking a statistical survey of the uses. In
    certain cases, no standard values were available for some scenarios.
    Assumptions for these scenarios were based on AD estimates and could
    be further refined from input from registrants.

-   The percent active ingredient in solution for the pressure treatment
    of lumber needs to be refined by the registrant. The labels only
    provided a retention rate. For this assessment, the application rate
    on the master label was used, which is the same as the application
    rate for non-pressure treatment of lumber.

    []{#__RefHeading___Toc128911798 .anchor}**9.0 INCIDENT REPORTS**

To review the evidence of health effects in humans resulting from
exposure to QAC as stated in the PR Notice 88-1 (February 26, 1988), the
Agency has clustered Quats into four categories:

Group I. Alkyl or hydroxyalkyl (straight chain) substituted quats;

Group II Non-halogenated benzyl substituted quats;

Group III. Di- and tri-chlorobenzyl substituted quats; and

Group IV. Quats with unusual substituents

However for the available incident information, it is difficult to
differentiate the specific members of the Quats involved in each
incident. Therefore, all the Quats are discussed together.

Number range CHAPTERThe Agency consulted the following databases for
poisoning incident data for DDAC:

(1) **[OPP Incident Data System (IDS)]{.underline}** - The Incident Data
    System of The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) of the
    Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) contains reports of incidents
    from various sources, including registrants, other federal and state
    health and environmental agencies and individual consumers,
    submitted to OPP since 1992. Reports submitted to the Incident Data
    System represent anecdotal reports or allegations only, unless
    otherwise stated. Typically no conclusions can be drawn implicating
    the pesticide as a cause of any of the reported health effects.
    Nevertheless, sometimes with enough cases and/or enough
    documentation risk mitigation measures may be suggested.

(2) Number range CHAPTER**[California Department of Pesticide Regulation
    (1982-2004)]{.underline}** - California has collected uniform data
    on suspected pesticide poisonings since 1982. Physicians are
    required, by statute, to report to their local health officer all
    occurrences of illness suspected of being related to exposure to
    pesticides. The majority of the incidents involve workers.
    Information on exposure (worker activity), type of illness
    (systemic, eye, skin, eye/skin and respiratory), likelihood of a
    causal relationship, and number of days off work and in the hospital
    are provided.

(3) Number range CHAPTER**[National Pesticide Telecommunications Network
    (NPTN)]{.underline}** - NPTN is a toll-free information service
    supported by OPP. A ranking of the top 200 active ingredients for
    which telephone calls were received during calendar years 1984-1991,
    inclusive, has been prepared. The total number of calls was
    tabulated for the categories human incidents, animal incidents,
    calls for information, and others

(4) **[Published Incident Reports]{.underline}** - Some incident reports
    associated with Quats related human health hazard are published in
    the scientific literature.

There are many incident reported associated with exposure to end-use
products containing Quats. Dermal, ocular and inhalation are the primary
routes of exposure. Most of the incidences are related to irritation.
Allergic type reaction is also been reported in some incidents. Although
risk associated with eye exposure is not assessed in the risk assessment
process, symptoms associated with eye are most commonly reported
associated with Quats exposure. The most common symptoms reported for
cases of ocular exposure were eye irritation/burning, eye pain,
conjunctivitis, swelling eye and swelling of eyelid.

The most common symptoms reported for cases of inhalation exposure were
respiratory irritation/burning, irritation to mouth/throat/nose,
coughing/choking, chest pain, disorientation, dizziness, shortness of
breath.

The most common symptoms reported for cases of dermal exposure were skin
irritation/burning, rash, itching, and blistering. Allergic type
reactions including hives and allergic contact dermatitis, have also
been reported..

Although oral exposure is considered a minor route of exposure for Quats
use, irritation to mouth/throat/nose, vomiting/nausea/abdominal pain,
dizziness, and headache have been reported in the cases of ingestion.

10. []{#__RefHeading___Toc128911799 .anchor}**ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS**

The results of the dietary avian studies indicate that DDAC is
practically non-toxic to both mallard duck and bobwhite quail. In the
Acute oral studies, the chemical was found to be moderately toxic to
bobwhite quail.

The results from freshwater fish acute toxicity studies demonstrated
that DDAC was moderately to highly toxic.

DDAC is very highly toxic to freshwater aquatic invertebrates.

DDAC is very highly toxic to mysid shrimp a marine/estuarine
invertebrate.

DDAC is toxic to freshwater alga at microgram concentrations.

**Data Gaps:**

The following data requirements are outstanding for the currently
registered uses of DDAC:

850.4225 - Non-target plant phytotoxicity testing (seedling emergence
test using rice).

850.1035 - Acute Sheepshead minnow testing

850.1300 - Acute eastern oyster embryo larvae testing

850.1300 - Chronic *Daphnis magna* testing

Monitoring/Tier II modeling of once-through cooling tower use to
establish EEC's for risk assessment.

Tier I once-through cooling tower modeling indicates that DDAC use will
result in acute and chronic risk to all non-endangered and
endangered/threatened aquatic organisms at all dosages modeled: 32 ppm
and 63 ppm for continuous dosing and 1000 ppm and 1800 ppm for
intermittent dosing.

The high vs medium vs low water flow rate is based on size of the
facility. Generally, higher flow (e.g., \> 1000 MGD) would use more
chemical than smaller facilities, but the pattern does not hold true
across the board, probably because model input values are based on
different receiving water ("reach") data for individual facilities. This
model uses 7Q10 rainfall conditions, which is essentially the worst-case
drought of a 10 year period. Variables such as stream flow rate and DDAC
dissipation, degradation, and 1/2 life were not considered in this Tier
I model but should be considered in higher tier modeling. Field
monitoring is suggested in the absence of higher Tier modeling. Risk
mitigation recommendations should be based on dosing method (e.g.
intermittent vs continuous) and application rate instead of facility
size, however, risk mitigation is not recommended at this time.

[Wood Treatment Use:]{.underline}

The maximum amount of leachate from treated wood per the Krahn and
Strub, 1990 model totaled 18.97 ppb. The lowest predicted amount of
leachate was 4.7 ppb and the highest amount was 113.8 ppb.
Non-endangered/threatened aquatic species (fish and invertebrates) are
not expected to be adversely affected - acute or chronic toxicity -
based on LOCs above. Endangered/threatened fish (freshwater warm water
species) are not expected to be adversely affected by the wood treatment
use. However, green alga non-endangered/threatened species, and
freshwater fish coldwater species, freshwater and marine aquatic
invertebrates, and green algae endangered/threatened species are at risk
from the wood treatment use.

Due to the extreme sensitivity of freshwater and marine aquatic
invertebrates to DDAC, methods such as indoor or covered wood storage
and/or containment of runoff water via berms or plastic barriers in
outdoor storage areas are suggested. DDAC is tightly adsorbed to clay
and organic matter which greatly reduces potential for DDAC to leach
downward through soil to groundwater, and will serve to reduce surface
runoff as well.

[Endangered Species Concerns]{.underline}:

DDAC uses that have potential for direct release into the environment or
runoff to surface waters include once-through cooling tower and wood
treatment uses respectively. These uses are considered to be
representative of having worst-case potential for impacting the
environment. Therefore, these sites were modeled.

The "best case" once-through cooling tower scenario using 1/2 the
maximum recommended label dosage intermittently applied in a low water
flow resulted in LOC exceedances for all aquatic organisms used in the
model, including freshwater fish, green alga, freshwater invertebrates,
and marine invertebrates. The agency is not aware of any endangered or
threatened green algae. Because DDAC is rapidly adsorbed to organic
materials and clay, impacts to aquatic organisms may be less than
modeled. Aerobic aquatic metabolism study on DDAC (MRID# 422538-03)
provides a sediment half-life of 60 years. There is a potential for
sediment concentrations to reach toxic levels over time (aerobic soil
metabolism half-life of 2.8 years, MRID# 422538-01). The once-through
cooling tower model does not account for degradation and therefore,
further assessment is required prior to making an agency endangered
species determination.

Endangered/threatened coldwater fish species, marine and freshwater
invertebrates, and green algae species are expected to be adversely
affected by the wood treatment use. Impacts from the wood treatment use
are not expected to occur as long as precautions are taken to prevent
leaching when wood is stored outdoors.

The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has evaluated the
outdoor use of the quaternary ammonium compounds, didecyl ammonium
chlorides (DDAC), being considered for reregistration by the
Antimicrobial Division (AD) (DP Barcode D325481). Although primarily
used as antimicrobial agents, DDAC is labeled for use in puddles and
decorative pools to control algae. This use is intended for waterbodies
generally disconnected from the greater watershed and will not likely
result in exposure to nontarget aquatic species. It is possible these
uses will result in exposure to amphibians utilizing these waterbodies
for some portion of their lifecycle (e.g. reproduction) and to birds and
mammals utilizing these waterbodies for drinking water. At the maximum
label rate, 3 ppm initially followed by weekly 1.5 ppm treatments, there
are no LOC exceedances, assuming the toxicity of DDAC is similar to that
of ADBAC. However, due to the persistence of DDAC, it is possible that
concentrations of DDAC in some waterbodies treated over time could
become harmful to animals utilizing these waterbodies.

[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911800 .anchor}**11.0 REFERENCES**

American Chemistry Council (ACC). 2002a. Assessment of Potential
Inhalation and Dermal Exposure Associated With Pressure Treatment of
Wood with Arsenical Wood Products. MRID 4550211-01.

American Chemistry Council (ACC). 2002b. An Analysis of the Training
Patterns and Practices of Competitive Swimmers. Prepared by Richard
Reiss. Sciences International, Inc. Alexandria, Virginia. December 9,
2002.

Number range CHAPTERBestari KT, Macey K, Soloman KR, Tower N. 1999.
Measurement and Assessment of Dermal and Inhalation Exposures to Didecyl
Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) Used in the Protection of Cut Lumber
(Phase III). MRID 455243-04.

Number range CHAPTERCEC, 2001. Residential Manual for Compliance with
California's 2001 Energy Efficiency Standards.
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/residential_manual/index.html, viewed
January 2005.

DOE. 1997. Energy Information Administration: Profile of Commercial
Buildings in 1995. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs/char95/profile.html

FDA. 2003. "Sanitizing Solutions: Chemistry Guidelines for Food Additive
Petitions."

Last accessed June 9, 2003.

Number range CHAPTERFreeman, N , Jimenez M, Reed KJ,Gurunathan S,
Edwards RD, Roy A, Adgate JL, Pellizzari ED, Quackenboss J, Sexton K,
Lioy PJ, 2001. Quantitative analysis of chilren's microactivity
patterns: The Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study. Journal of
Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 11(6): 501-509.

Helwig, D. (2003) Personal Communication between D. Helwig (Johnson
Diversy, Inc) and K. Riley (Versar, Inc.), November 11, 2003.

HERA, 2003. Human and Environmental Risk Assessment, Guidance Document
Methodology, April 22, 2002
(http://www.heraproject.com/files/Guidancedocument.pdf).

HERA, 2005. Human and Environmental Risk Assessment, Guidance Document
Methodology, February 2005 (http://www.heraproject.com).

MCCEM V 1.2 The Multi-Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM)
Model Version 1.2. Prepared for the US EPA Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics. Prepared by Versar, Inc. and Wilkes Technologies,
LLC.

Jacobson, Larry. 2005. Professor and Extension Engineer at University of
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[]{#__RefHeading___Toc128911801 .anchor}**APPENDIX A: Master DDAC
Label**

+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | **Use Site**   | **T      | *       | *    | **Freq of     |
| *EPA |                | reatment | *Method | *Not | Application** |
| Reg  |                | Site/Su  | of      | es** |               |
| Nu   |                | rfaces** | Applic  |      |               |
| mber |                |          | ation** |      |               |
| used |                |          |         |      |               |
| for  |                |          |         |      |               |
| Max. |                |          |         |      |               |
| A    |                |          |         |      |               |
| ppl. |                |          |         |      |               |
| Ra   |                |          |         |      |               |
| te** |                |          |         |      |               |
+======+================+==========+=========+======+===============+
| **In |                |          |         |      |               |
| dust |                |          |         |      |               |
| rial |                |          |         |      |               |
| p    |                |          |         |      |               |
| roce |                |          |         |      |               |
| sses |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| w    |                |          |         |      |               |
| ater |                |          |         |      |               |
| s    |                |          |         |      |               |
| yste |                |          |         |      |               |
| ms** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Industrial     | Cooling  | Pour/   | 1839 | Weekly        |
| -129 | Recirc Water   | Towers   | metered | -129 |               |
|      | Systems        | (i       |         | (50% |               |
|      |                | ncluding |         | ai)  |               |
|      |                | eva      |         |      |               |
|      |                | porative |         |      |               |
|      |                | con      |         |      |               |
|      |                | densers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | dairy    |         |      |               |
|      |                | sw       |         |      |               |
|      |                | eetwater |         |      |               |
|      |                | systems, |         |      |               |
|      |                | cooling  |         |      |               |
|      |                | canals,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | paste    |         |      |               |
|      |                | urizers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tunnel   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coolers  |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | warmers) |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *cooling       | * *      | *slug   |      |               |
| 0707 | water,         |          | tre     |      |               |
| -46* | disposal       |          | atment* |      |               |
|      | water, oil     |          |         |      |               |
|      | field          |          |         |      |               |
|      | operations*    |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | oil      | pour/   | 1839 | As needed     |
| -151 | water flood or | field    | metered | -151 |               |
|      | salt water     | water    |         |      |               |
|      | disposal       | disposal |         |      |               |
|      |                | systems  |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | i        | con     | B    | As needed     |
| -179 |                | njection | tinuous | lend |               |
|      |                | and      | in      | with |               |
|      |                | wa       | jection | A    |               |
|      |                | stewater |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | i        | batch   | B    | As needed     |
| -179 |                | njection | tr      | lend |               |
|      |                | and      | eatment | with |               |
|      |                | wa       |         | A    |               |
|      |                | stewater |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | packer   |         | B    | As needed     |
| -179 |                | fluids   |         | lend |               |
|      |                |          |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Oil Field      | drilling |         | B    | As needed     |
| -179 |                | muds     |         | lend |               |
|      |                |          |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| Swim |                |          |         |      |               |
| ming |                |          |         |      |               |
| P    |                |          |         |      |               |
| ools |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | Swimming Pool  |          | pour    |      | Once weekly   |
| 4-69 |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Outside        |          | pour    |      | Weekly        |
| -133 | Spas/          |          |         |      |               |
|      | Whirlpools/Hot |          |         |      |               |
|      | Tub Bath       |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    |                |          |         |      |               |
| *Aqu |                |          |         |      |               |
| atic |                |          |         |      |               |
| Are  |                |          |         |      |               |
| as** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 499  | *greenho       | de       | d       | B    | As needed     |
| -482 | use/nurseries, | corative | ribble, | lend |               |
|      | golf courses,  | fo       | spray   | with |               |
|      | recreational   | untains, | ring    | A    |               |
|      | parks,         | de       |         | DBAC |               |
|      | amusement      | corative |         |      |               |
|      | parks,         | pools,   |         |      |               |
|      | universities,  | ponds,   |         |      |               |
|      | cemeteries*    | water    |         |      |               |
|      |                | d        |         |      |               |
|      |                | isplays, |         |      |               |
|      |                | standing |         |      |               |
|      |                | waters   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *greenho       | *ir      | *im     | *B   | As needed     |
| 499- | use/nurseries* | rigation | mersing | lend |               |
| 482* |                | system,  | or      | with |               |
|      |                | watering | running | AD   |               |
|      |                | lines,   | thru    | BAC* |               |
|      |                | drip     | system* |      |               |
|      |                | lines,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | e        |         |      |               |
|      |                | mitters, |         |      |               |
|      |                | watering |         |      |               |
|      |                | nozzles, |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | hoses*   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
|      |                |          |         |      |               |
| Wood |                |          |         |      |               |
| T    |                |          |         |      |               |
| reat |                |          |         |      |               |
| ment |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 6836 | Pressure       |          |         | 3%   | As needed     |
| -212 | Treatment      |          |         | ai   |               |
|      |                |          |         | soln |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 6836 | Double vacuum  |          |         | 3%   | As needed     |
| -212 |                |          |         | ai   |               |
|      |                |          |         | soln |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 6836 | Dip/Spray      |          |         | 3%   | As needed     |
| -212 | surface        |          |         | ai   |               |
|      | treatment      |          |         | soln |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| **   |                |          |         |      |               |
| Agri |                |          |         |      |               |
| cult |                |          |         |      |               |
| ural |                |          |         |      |               |
| Prem |                |          |         |      |               |
| ises |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| Equ  |                |          |         |      |               |
| ipme |                |          |         |      |               |
| nt** |                |          |         |      |               |
|      |                |          |         |      |               |
|      |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | hatcheries,    | toilets, | mop,    |      | As needed     |
| 4-80 | swine/         | urinals, | wipe,   |      |               |
|      | poultry/turkey | portable | spray,  |      |               |
|      | farms, egg     | toilets, | im      |      |               |
|      | receiving      | floors,  | mersion |      |               |
|      | area, egg      | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      | holding area,  | c        |         |      |               |
|      | setter room,   | eilings, |         |      |               |
|      | tray dumping   | feed     |         |      |               |
|      | area, chick    | racks,   |         |      |               |
|      | holding room,  | mangers, |         |      |               |
|      | poultry        | troughs, |         |      |               |
|      | buildings,     | a        |         |      |               |
|      | dressing       | utomatic |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | fee      |         |      |               |
|      | farrowing      | ders/fou |         |      |               |
|      | barns and      | ntains/w |         |      |               |
|      | areas, blocks, | aterers, |         |      |               |
|      | creep areas,   | other    |         |      |               |
|      | chick holding  | feeding  |         |      |               |
|      | area, hatchery | and      |         |      |               |
|      | room, chick    | watering |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | app      |         |      |               |
|      | area, and      | liances, |         |      |               |
|      | chick loading  | halters, |         |      |               |
|      | area           | ropes    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | types of |         |      |               |
|      |                | e        |         |      |               |
|      |                | quipment |         |      |               |
|      |                | used in  |         |      |               |
|      |                | handling |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | res      |         |      |               |
|      |                | training |         |      |               |
|      |                | animals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | as well  |         |      |               |
|      |                | as       |         |      |               |
|      |                | forks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shovels, |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | scrapers |         |      |               |
|      |                | used for |         |      |               |
|      |                | removing |         |      |               |
|      |                | litter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | manure,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | blocks,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chutes,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | inc      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ubators, |         |      |               |
|      |                | h        |         |      |               |
|      |                | atchers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | hatchery rooms |          | fogging | B    | As needed     |
| 4-81 |                |          |         | lend |               |
|      |                |          |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | incubators and |          | fogging | B    | Every 12 hrs  |
| 4-81 | hatchers       |          |         | lend |               |
|      |                |          |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Mushroom Farm  | br       | mop,    | B    | As needed     |
| 0324 |                | eezeways | wipe    | lend |               |
| -108 |                | and      |         | with |               |
|      |                | track    |         | A    |               |
|      |                | alleys   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | before   |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | pawning, |         |      |               |
|      |                | inside   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls of |         |      |               |
|      |                | mushroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | houses,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | lofts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | sheds    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | casing   |         |      |               |
|      |                | rings    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Mushroom Farm  | br       | cloth,  | B    | As needed     |
| -167 |                | eezeways | mop,    | lend |               |
|      |                | and      | sponge, | with |               |
|      |                | track    | spray,  | A    |               |
|      |                | alleys   | im      | DBAC |               |
|      |                | before   | mersion |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | pawning, |         |      |               |
|      |                | inside   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls of |         |      |               |
|      |                | mushroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | houses,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | lofts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | sheds    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | casing   |         |      |               |
|      |                | rings    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Mushroom Farm  | wa       | im      | B    | As needed     |
| -167 |                | terproof | mersion | lend |               |
|      |                | footwear | (shoe   | with |               |
|      |                |          | bath)   | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Citrus Farm    | trucks,  | spray,  | Ci   | As needed     |
| -167 |                | v        | dip,    | trus |               |
|      |                | ehicles, | brush   | can  |               |
|      |                | eq       |         | ker, |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         | B    |               |
|      |                | t        |         | lend |               |
|      |                | railers, |         | with |               |
|      |                | field    |         | A    |               |
|      |                | ha       |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | rvesting |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | cargo    |         |      |               |
|      |                | area,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | wheels,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tires,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | under    |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | arriage, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hood,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | roof,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | fenders  |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Animal housing | boots    | im      | B    | As needed     |
| 0324 | facilities     | and      | mersion | lend |               |
| -117 |                | shoes    |         | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | F              | flower   | Mo      | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | lorists/flower | buckets, | p/wipe, | lend |               |
|      | shops,         | coolers, | cloth,  | with |               |
|      | greenhouses,   | floors   | brush,  | A    |               |
|      | shippers,      | and      | sponge, | DBAC |               |
|      | packing areas  | walls of | sprayer |      |               |
|      |                | coolers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | design   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | packing  |         |      |               |
|      |                | benches, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| ***2 | ***            | ***or    | **      | *    | ** **         |
| 41-7 | Greenhouses*** | namental | *spray, | * ** |               |
| 4*** |                | plants - | dr      |      |               |
|      |                | plant    | ench*** |      |               |
|      |                | regu     |         |      |               |
|      |                | lator*** |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *greenhouse/   | *work    | *imm    | *B   | As needed     |
| 499- | nursuries*     | tables,  | ersion, | lend |               |
| 482* |                | benches, | spray,  | with |               |
|      |                | pots,    | brush*  | AD   |               |
|      |                | flats    |         | BAC* |               |
|      |                | ,knives, |         |      |               |
|      |                | pruning  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tools,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | plant    |         |      |               |
|      |                | con      |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | tr       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ansplant |         |      |               |
|      |                | trays,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hanging  |         |      |               |
|      |                | baskets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tray/    |         |      |               |
|      |                | pot      |         |      |               |
|      |                | holders, |         |      |               |
|      |                | water    |         |      |               |
|      |                | col      |         |      |               |
|      |                | lectors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | w        |         |      |               |
|      |                | alkways, |         |      |               |
|      |                | windows* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *Farms*        | *fish    | *imm    |      | As needed     |
| 4881 |                | aq       | ersion, |      |               |
| 5-1* |                | uariums, | brush,  |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   | mop or  |      |               |
|      |                | fish     | cloth*  |      |               |
|      |                | handling |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | nets,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | seines,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | traps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | filter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | pumps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | air      |         |      |               |
|      |                | di       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ffusers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shipping |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | feeding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | r        |         |      |               |
|      |                | aceways, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | holding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | lava     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tories.* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    |                |          |         |      |               |
| *Res |                |          |         |      |               |
| iden |                |          |         |      |               |
| tial |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| Pu   |                |          |         |      |               |
| blic |                |          |         |      |               |
| Ac   |                |          |         |      |               |
| cess |                |          |         |      |               |
| Pr   |                |          |         |      |               |
| emis |                |          |         |      |               |
| es** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Homes          | floors,  | mop,    | D    | As needed     |
| 0324 |                | walls,   | wipe,   | isin |               |
| -134 |                | windows, | (       | fect |               |
|      |                | toilets, | cloth), | H    |               |
|      |                | b        | spray   | eavy |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         | Duty |               |
|      |                | shower   |         | Clea |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         | ning |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | door/    |         |      |               |
|      |                | curtain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | mirrors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | restroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | do       |         |      |               |
|      |                | orknobs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | Cou      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ntertops |         |      |               |
|      |                | (kitc    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hen/food |         |      |               |
|      |                | prep);   |         |      |               |
|      |                | Internal |         |      |               |
|      |                | (e       |         |      |               |
|      |                | xternal) |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
|      |                | of       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ap       |         |      |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
|      |                | (refri   |         |      |               |
|      |                | gerator, |         |      |               |
|      |                | mi       |         |      |               |
|      |                | crowave, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | reezer); |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tovetop; |         |      |               |
|      |                | table    |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces; |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Home           | floors,  | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -175 |                | walls,   | wip     | lend |               |
|      |                | metal    | e/spray | with |               |
|      |                | s        |         | A    |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Homes          | Carpets  | Rotary  | B    | 300-500 sq    |
| 0324 |                |          | Floor   | lend | ft/gal        |
| -108 |                |          | Machine | with |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 357  | Home           | F        | Spray   |      | As Needed     |
| 3-69 |                | urniture | (fabric |      |               |
|      |                | uph      | san     |      |               |
|      |                | olstery, | itizer) |      |               |
|      |                | window   |         |      |               |
|      |                | tre      |         |      |               |
|      |                | atments, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | lothing, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plush    |         |      |               |
|      |                | toys,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shoes/s  |         |      |               |
|      |                | neakers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | children |         |      |               |
|      |                | mat      |         |      |               |
|      |                | tresses, |         |      |               |
|      |                | pet bed, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sports   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bag/eq   |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | carpet   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *homes, mobile | *floors, | *spray  | *pot |               |
| 3573 | home, car,     | walls,   | (disi   | able |               |
| -69* | campgrounds,   | toilets, | nfect)* | r    |               |
|      | trailer,       | urinals, |         | inse |               |
|      | camper, boat*  | ba       |         | for  |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         | chi  |               |
|      |                | b        |         | dren |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         | toys |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | and  |               |
|      |                | coun     |         | food |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         | cont |               |
|      |                | shower   |         | act* |               |
|      |                | doors/c  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urtains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | seats,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linen    |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hampers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | exercise |         |      |               |
|      |                | equip    |         |      |               |
|      |                | ment,cat |         |      |               |
|      |                | litter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bidets,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | diaper   |         |      |               |
|      |                | changing |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | toys,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | high     |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fo       |         |      |               |
|      |                | untains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ynthetic |         |      |               |
|      |                | marbel,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linoleum |         |      |               |
|      |                | , sealed |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | m        |         |      |               |
|      |                | icrowave |         |      |               |
|      |                | oven     |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marlite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | laundry  |         |      |               |
|      |                | h        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ampers,* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Homes          | cooking  | Im      | B    | As needed     |
| 0324 |                | u        | mersion | lend |               |
| -117 |                | tensils; |         | with |               |
|      |                | coo      |         | A    |               |
|      |                | lers/ice |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | chest;   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cups;    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cutlery; |         |      |               |
|      |                | dishes;  |         |      |               |
|      |                | eating   |         |      |               |
|      |                | u        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tensils; |         |      |               |
|      |                | g        |         |      |               |
|      |                | lassware |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1836 | campgrounds,   | floors,  | cloth,  | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | playgrounds,   | walls,   | mop,    | lend |               |
|      | Public         | toilets, | sponge, | with |               |
|      | facilites,     | urinals, | spray   | A    |               |
|      | mobile homes,  | ba       |         | DBAC |               |
|      | cars, campers, | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      | trailers,      | b        |         |      |               |
|      | trucks         | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | doors/c  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urtains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | seats,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linen    |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hampers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | exercise |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | automobi |         |      |               |
|      |                | le/truck |         |      |               |
|      |                | in       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | metal,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel.   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marble,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | painted  |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood     |         |      |               |
|      |                | work,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | Formica, |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | uph      |         |      |               |
|      |                | olstery, |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plated   |         |      |               |
|      |                | fixtures |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Homes          | water    | pour    |      | As needed     |
| 0324 |                | softners |         |      |               |
| -117 |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | reverse  |         |      |               |
|      |                | osmosis  |         |      |               |
|      |                | units    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *Homes*        | *be      | *cloth, |      | As needed     |
| 6718 |                | dframes, | mop,    |      |               |
| -24* |                | tables,  | spray*  |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Homes          | c        | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -178 |                | ounters, | wip     | lend |               |
|      |                | st       | e/spray | with |               |
|      |                | ovetops, |         | A    |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | mic      |         |      |               |
|      |                | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerator |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | app      |         |      |               |
|      |                | liances, |         |      |               |
|      |                | finished |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | exterior |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bowl     |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trash    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tubs,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ba       |         |      |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | closets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | phones,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | car      |         |      |               |
|      |                | in       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | mputers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hand     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | switch   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plates,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urinals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cribs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | changing |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | patio    |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | dining   |         |      |               |
|      |                | room     |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *Homes*        | *fish    | *imm    |      | As needed     |
| 4881 |                | aq       | ersion, |      |               |
| 5-1* |                | uariums, | brush,  |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   | mop or  |      |               |
|      |                | fish     | cloth*  |      |               |
|      |                | handling |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | nets,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | seines,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | traps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | filter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | pumps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | air      |         |      |               |
|      |                | di       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ffusers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shipping |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | feeding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | r        |         |      |               |
|      |                | aceways, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | holding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | lava     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tories.* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *Homes*        | *air     | *spray, | *    | 6 months      |
| 0324 |                | ducts*   | bru     | odor |               |
| -80* |                |          | sh,mop, | cau  |               |
|      |                |          | wipe,   | sing |               |
|      |                |          | ULV or  | b    |               |
|      |                |          | mist    | acte |               |
|      |                |          | gene    | ria, |               |
|      |                |          | rating, | fu   |               |
|      |                |          | au      | ngi* |               |
|      |                |          | tomated |      |               |
|      |                |          | spray*  |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    |                |          |         |      |               |
| *Med |                |          |         |      |               |
| ical |                |          |         |      |               |
| Prem |                |          |         |      |               |
| ises |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| Equ  |                |          |         |      |               |
| ipme |                |          |         |      |               |
| nt** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Hospitals,     | floors,  | Wipe,   | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | Health Care    | walls,   | mop,    | lend |               |
|      | facilities,    | toilets, | (       | with |               |
|      | Medical/Dental | urinals, | cloth), | A    |               |
|      | offices,       | lav      | swab,   | DBAC |               |
|      | Nursing homes, | atories, | brush,  |      |               |
|      | operating      | ba       | spray   |      |               |
|      | rooms, patient | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      | care           | bathing  |         |      |               |
|      | facilities,    | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      | clinics,       | b        |         |      |               |
|      | isolation      | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      | wards, medical | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      | research       | sink     |         |      |               |
|      | facilities,    | tops,    |         |      |               |
|      | autopsy rooms, | shower   |         |      |               |
|      | ICU areas,     | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      | recovery       | shower   |         |      |               |
|      | anesthesia,    | doors/c  |         |      |               |
|      | emergency      | urtains, |         |      |               |
|      | rooms, X-ray   | mirrors, |         |      |               |
|      | cat labs,      | ul       |         |      |               |
|      | newborn        | trasonic |         |      |               |
|      | nurseries,     | bath,    |         |      |               |
|      | orthopedics,   | whi      |         |      |               |
|      | respiratory    | rlpools, |         |      |               |
|      | therapy, acute | foot     |         |      |               |
|      | care           | baths,   |         |      |               |
|      | institutions,  | coun     |         |      |               |
|      | alternate care | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      | institutions,  | c        |         |      |               |
|      | healthcare     | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      | institutions,  | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      | Funeral Homes, | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      | mortuaries     | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hospital |         |      |               |
|      |                | beds,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | traction |         |      |               |
|      |                | devices, |         |      |               |
|      |                | MRI,     |         |      |               |
|      |                | CAT,     |         |      |               |
|      |                | e        |         |      |               |
|      |                | xamining |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | scales,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | paddles, |         |      |               |
|      |                | whee     |         |      |               |
|      |                | lchairs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | lifts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | wheel    |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pai      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ls/cans, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | metal,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel.   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marble,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | painted  |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood     |         |      |               |
|      |                | work,    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | Nurseries      | Floors,  | mop,    | B    | As needed     |
| 4-81 |                | walls,   | wipe    | lend |               |
|      |                | cou      | (cloth) | with |               |
|      |                | ntertops |         | A    |               |
|      |                | (non-k   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | itchen), |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks    |         |      |               |
|      |                | (ba      |         |      |               |
|      |                | throom), |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | external |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
|      |                | of       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ap       |         |      |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Medical        | floors,  | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -175 | Institutions,  | walls,   | wip     | lend |               |
|      | Hospitals, and | metal    | e/spray | with |               |
|      | Nursing Homes  | s        |         | A    |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | hospitals,     | floors,  | mop,    | D    | As needed     |
| 0324 | medical/dental | walls,   | wipe,   | isin |               |
| -134 | offices,       | windows, | (       | fect |               |
|      | nursing homes  | toilets, | cloth), | H    |               |
|      |                | b        | spray   | eavy |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         | Duty |               |
|      |                | shower   |         | Clea |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         | ning |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | door/    |         |      |               |
|      |                | curtain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | mirrors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | restroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | do       |         |      |               |
|      |                | orknobs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | table    |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces; |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | nursing homes  | floors,  | p       | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | and hospitals  | walls,   | ortable | lend |               |
|      |                | windows, | ext     | with |               |
|      |                | toilets, | raction | A    |               |
|      |                | b        | units,  | DBAC |               |
|      |                | athtubs, | truck   |      |               |
|      |                | shower   | mounted |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  | ext     |      |               |
|      |                | shower   | raction |      |               |
|      |                | door/    | ma      |      |               |
|      |                | curtain, | chines, |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   | rotary  |      |               |
|      |                | mirrors, | floor   |      |               |
|      |                | restroom | ma      |      |               |
|      |                | f        | chines, |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, | m       |      |               |
|      |                | c        | etered, |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, | spray   |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | do       |         |      |               |
|      |                | orknobs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | cou      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ntertops |         |      |               |
|      |                | (kitc    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hen/food |         |      |               |
|      |                | prep);   |         |      |               |
|      |                | Internal |         |      |               |
|      |                | external |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
|      |                | of       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ap       |         |      |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
|      |                | (refri   |         |      |               |
|      |                | gerator, |         |      |               |
|      |                | mi       |         |      |               |
|      |                | crowave, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | reezer); |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tovetop, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *hospitals,    | *be      | *cloth, |      | As needed     |
| 6718 | nursing homes* | dframes, | mop,    |      |               |
| -24* |                | tables,  | spray*  |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | hospitals,     | c        | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -178 | day-care       | ounters, | wipe    | lend |               |
|      | facilities,    | st       |         | with |               |
|      | sick rooms     | ovetops, |         | A    |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | mic      |         |      |               |
|      |                | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerator |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | app      |         |      |               |
|      |                | liances, |         |      |               |
|      |                | finished |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | exterior |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bowl     |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trash    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tubs,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ba       |         |      |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | closets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | phones,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | car      |         |      |               |
|      |                | in       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | mputers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hand     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | switch   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plates,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urinals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cribs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | changing |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Morgues and    | human    | sponge, | B    | As needed     |
| -173 | Funeral homes  | remains  | wash    | lend |               |
|      |                |          | cloth,  | with |               |
|      |                |          | soft    | A    |               |
|      |                |          | brush   | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *hospitals,    | *air     | *spray, | *    | 6 months      |
| 0324 | nursing homes* | ducts*   | bru     | odor |               |
| -80* |                |          | sh,mop, | cau  |               |
|      |                |          | wipe,   | sing |               |
|      |                |          | ULV or  | b    |               |
|      |                |          | mist    | acte |               |
|      |                |          | gene    | ria, |               |
|      |                |          | rating, | fu   |               |
|      |                |          | au      | ngi* |               |
|      |                |          | tomated |      |               |
|      |                |          | spray*  |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    |                |          |         |      |               |
| *Com |                |          |         |      |               |
| merc |                |          |         |      |               |
| ial, |                |          |         |      |               |
| In   |                |          |         |      |               |
| stit |                |          |         |      |               |
| utio |                |          |         |      |               |
| nal, |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| In   |                |          |         |      |               |
| dust |                |          |         |      |               |
| rial |                |          |         |      |               |
| prem |                |          |         |      |               |
| ises |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| equ  |                |          |         |      |               |
| ipme |                |          |         |      |               |
| nt** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | Athleti        | floors,  | mop,    | D    | As needed     |
| 0324 | c/recreational | walls,   | wipe,   | isin |               |
| -134 | facilities,    | windows, | (       | fect |               |
|      | exercise       | toilets, | cloth), | H    |               |
|      | facilities,    | b        | spray   | eavy |               |
|      | schools,       | athtubs, |         | Duty |               |
|      | colleges,      | shower   |         | Clea |               |
|      | dressing       | stalls,  |         | ning |               |
|      | rooms,         | shower   |         |      |               |
|      | transportation | door/    |         |      |               |
|      | terminals,     | curtain, |         |      |               |
|      | institutions   | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | mirrors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | restroom |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | do       |         |      |               |
|      |                | orknobs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plated   |         |      |               |
|      |                | intakes, |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | cou      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ntertops |         |      |               |
|      |                | (kitc    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hen/food |         |      |               |
|      |                | prep);   |         |      |               |
|      |                | Internal |         |      |               |
|      |                | (e       |         |      |               |
|      |                | xternal) |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
|      |                | of       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ap       |         |      |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
|      |                | (refri   |         |      |               |
|      |                | gerator, |         |      |               |
|      |                | mi       |         |      |               |
|      |                | crowave, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | reezer); |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tovetop; |         |      |               |
|      |                | table    |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces; |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Athleti        | floors,  | cloth,  | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | c/recreational | walls,   | mop,    | lend |               |
|      | facilities,    | toilets, | sponge, | with |               |
|      | exercise       | urinals, | spray   | A    |               |
|      | facilites,     | ba       |         | DBAC |               |
|      | locker rooms,  | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      | dressing       | b        |         |      |               |
|      | rooms,         | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      | schools,       | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      | colleges,      | coun     |         |      |               |
|      | transportation | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      | terminals,     | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | doors/c  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urtains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | seats,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | can      |         |      |               |
|      |                | s/pails, |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ixtures, |         |      |               |
|      |                | metal,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel.   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marble,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chrome,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glass,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | enameled |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | painted  |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood     |         |      |               |
|      |                | work,    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Motels,        | carpets  | p       | Clea | As needed     |
| -167 | hotels,        |          | ortable | ning |               |
|      | schools        |          | ext     | C    |               |
|      |                |          | raction | laim |               |
|      |                |          | units,  | B    |               |
|      |                |          | truck   | lend |               |
|      |                |          | mounted | with |               |
|      |                |          | ext     | A    |               |
|      |                |          | raction | DBAC |               |
|      |                |          | ma      |      |               |
|      |                |          | chines, |      |               |
|      |                |          | rotary  |      |               |
|      |                |          | floor   |      |               |
|      |                |          | ma      |      |               |
|      |                |          | chines, |      |               |
|      |                |          | m       |      |               |
|      |                |          | etered, |      |               |
|      |                |          | spray   |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Hotels and     | floors,  | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -175 | schools        | walls,   | wip     | lend |               |
|      |                | metal    | e/spray | with |               |
|      |                | s        |         | A    |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 683  | Barber and     | Barber/  | im      | B    | As needed     |
| 6-78 | Beauty Salons  | Beauty   | mersion | lend |               |
|      |                | Ins      |         | with |               |
|      |                | truments |         | A    |               |
|      |                | and      |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | Tools    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Barber and     | c        | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -178 | Beauty Salons, | ounters, | wipe    | lend |               |
|      | Health clubs,  | sinks,   |         | with |               |
|      | hotels,        | walls,   |         | A    |               |
|      | motels,        | finished |         | DBAC |               |
|      | emergency      | wood,    |         |      |               |
|      | vehicles,      | c        |         |      |               |
|      | transportation | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      | terminals,     | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      | correctional   | exterior |         |      |               |
|      | facilities,    | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      | factories,     | bowl     |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trash    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tubs,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ba       |         |      |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | closets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | phones,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | car      |         |      |               |
|      |                | in       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | mputers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hand     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | switch   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plates,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urinals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | commercial     | flower   | cloth,  | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | florists       | buckets, | mop,    | lend |               |
|      |                | coolers, | sponge, | with |               |
|      |                | floors   | spray   | A    |               |
|      |                | and      |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | walls of |         |      |               |
|      |                | coolers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | design   |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | packing  |         |      |               |
|      |                | benches, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails    |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *Hotels,       | *floors, | *spray  | *pot |               |
| 3573 | dorms,         | walls,   | (disi   | able |               |
| -69* | convenience    | toilets, | nfect)* | r    |               |
|      | stores,        | urinals, |         | inse |               |
|      | recreational   | ba       |         | for  |               |
|      | centers,       | throoms, |         | ch   |               |
|      | offices,       | b        |         | idre |               |
|      | motels,*       | athtubs, |         | n\'s |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | toys |               |
|      |                | coun     |         | and  |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         | food |               |
|      |                | shower   |         | con  |               |
|      |                | doors/c  |         | tact |               |
|      |                | urtains, |         | s    |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         | urfa |               |
|      |                | seats,   |         | ces* |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bed      |         |      |               |
|      |                | springs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linen    |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | hampers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | exercise |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | bidets,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fo       |         |      |               |
|      |                | untains, |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ynthetic |         |      |               |
|      |                | marble,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | vinyl,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | linoleum |         |      |               |
|      |                | , sealed |         |      |               |
|      |                | granite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | m        |         |      |               |
|      |                | icrowave |         |      |               |
|      |                | oven     |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | marlite, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic, |         |      |               |
|      |                | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fu       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      |                | laundry  |         |      |               |
|      |                | h        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ampers,* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *Commercial    | *c       | *pour   | *per | 2wk protect   |
| 677- | and            | lothing* | at      | 10   | 3wk protect   |
| 109* | institutional  |          | final   | 0lbs | 30dy protect  |
|      | laundry mats*  |          | rinse   | fa   |               |
|      |                |          | or sour | bric |               |
|      |                |          | to      | dry  |               |
|      |                |          | wa      | wt*  |               |
|      |                |          | shweel* |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *industry and  | *be      | *cloth, |      | As needed     |
| 6718 | schools*       | dframes, | mop,    |      |               |
| -24* |                | tables,  | spray*  |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *Schools,      | *fish    | *imm    |      | As needed     |
| 4881 | Institutional, | aq       | ersion, |      |               |
| 5-1* | and            | uariums, | brush,  |      |               |
|      | Industrial*    | tanks,   | mop or  |      |               |
|      |                | fish     | cloth*  |      |               |
|      |                | handling |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | nets,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | seines,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | traps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | filter   |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | pumps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | air      |         |      |               |
|      |                | di       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ffusers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | shipping |         |      |               |
|      |                | boxes,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | feeding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | coun     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tertops, |         |      |               |
|      |                | r        |         |      |               |
|      |                | aceways, |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | pails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | other    |         |      |               |
|      |                | hard     |         |      |               |
|      |                | n        |         |      |               |
|      |                | onporous |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | holding  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | lava     |         |      |               |
|      |                | tories.* |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *              | *air     | *spray, | *    | 6 months      |
| 0324 | Institutional, | ducts*   | bru     | odor |               |
| -80* | Industrial     |          | sh,mop, | cau  |               |
|      | premise,       |          | wipe,   | sing |               |
|      | school,        |          | ULV or  | b    |               |
|      | restaurant*    |          | mist    | acte |               |
|      |                |          | gene    | ria, |               |
|      |                |          | rating, | fu   |               |
|      |                |          | au      | ngi* |               |
|      |                |          | tomated |      |               |
|      |                |          | spray*  |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| **   |                |          |         |      |               |
| Food |                |          |         |      |               |
| Hand |                |          |         |      |               |
| ling |                |          |         |      |               |
| /Sto |                |          |         |      |               |
| rage |                |          |         |      |               |
| Es   |                |          |         |      |               |
| tabl |                |          |         |      |               |
| ishm |                |          |         |      |               |
| ents |                |          |         |      |               |
| prem |                |          |         |      |               |
| ises |                |          |         |      |               |
| and  |                |          |         |      |               |
| equ  |                |          |         |      |               |
| ipme |                |          |         |      |               |
| nt** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Restaurants,   | floors,  | cloth,  |      | As needed     |
| -152 | food service   | walls,   | mop,    |      |               |
|      | e              | coun     | spray,  |      |               |
|      | stablishments, | tertops, | flood,  |      |               |
|      | food           | ap       | imm     |      |               |
|      | processing     | pliances | ersion, |      |               |
|      | plan           | (mic     |         |      |               |
|      | ts/facilities, | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      | beverage       | refrig   |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | erators, |         |      |               |
|      | plants, Bars,  | stove    |         |      |               |
|      | Cafeterias,    | tops,    |         |      |               |
|      | Convenience    | f        |         |      |               |
|      | stores,        | reezers, |         |      |               |
|      | supermarkets,  | c        |         |      |               |
|      | Dairies, Egg   | oolers), |         |      |               |
|      | Processing     | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      | Federally      | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      | inspected meat | picnic   |         |      |               |
|      | and poultry    | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      | plants , Food  | outdoor  |         |      |               |
|      | Handling       | fu       |         |      |               |
|      | areas, Food    | rniture, |         |      |               |
|      | preparation    | racks,   |         |      |               |
|      | areas, Food    | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      | storage areas, | tel      |         |      |               |
|      | Institutional  | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      | kitchens, USDA | door     |         |      |               |
|      | inspected food | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | storage  |         |      |               |
|      | facilities,    | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      | breweries,     | potato   |         |      |               |
|      | fast food      | storage  |         |      |               |
|      | operations     | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | food     |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cutting  |         |      |               |
|      |                | boards,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | exhaust  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerator |         |      |               |
|      |                | bins,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerated |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | /display |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | coils    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | drain    |         |      |               |
|      |                | pans of  |         |      |               |
|      |                | air      |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | nditioni |         |      |               |
|      |                | ng/refri |         |      |               |
|      |                | geration |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | heat     |         |      |               |
|      |                | pumps,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coolers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | ice      |         |      |               |
|      |                | chests,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | ca       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ns/pails |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Restaurants    | floors,  | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -175 |                | walls,   | spr     | lend |               |
|      |                | tables,  | ay/wipe | with |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         | A    |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | disposal |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | metal    |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1032 | Dairies and    | floors,  | fogging | B    | As needed     |
| 4-81 | Food           | walls,   |         | lend |               |
|      | Processing     | metal    |         | with |               |
|      | Facilities     | s        |         | A    |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tainless |         |      |               |
|      |                | steel,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | po       |         |      |               |
|      |                | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | stalls,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | b        |         |      |               |
|      |                | athtubs, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | plastic  |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | bottling and   | floors,  | mop,    |      | As needed     |
| 0324 | beverage       | walls,   | wipe,   |      |               |
| -134 | plants,        | tables,  | (       |      |               |
|      | breweries,     | shelves, | cloth), |      |               |
|      | tobacco, egg   | garbage  | spray   |      |               |
|      | processing     | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      | meat/poultry   | disposal |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      | rendering      | po       |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | rcelain, |         |      |               |
|      | fishery/milk/c | glazed   |         |      |               |
|      | itrus/wine/ice | ceramic  |         |      |               |
|      | cream/ potato  | tile,    |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | glass    |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | restaurants    |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Restaurants    | c        | RTU     | B    | As needed     |
| -178 |                | ounters, | wipe    | lend |               |
|      |                | st       |         | with |               |
|      |                | ovetops, |         | A    |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | outside  |         |      |               |
|      |                | mic      |         |      |               |
|      |                | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refri    |         |      |               |
|      |                | gerators |         |      |               |
|      |                | ex       |         |      |               |
|      |                | teriors, |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | app      |         |      |               |
|      |                | liances, |         |      |               |
|      |                | finished |         |      |               |
|      |                | wood,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | abinets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | floors,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | exterior |         |      |               |
|      |                | toilet   |         |      |               |
|      |                | bowl     |         |      |               |
|      |                | s        |         |      |               |
|      |                | urfaces, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trash    |         |      |               |
|      |                | cans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tubs,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | shower   |         |      |               |
|      |                | walls,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | ba       |         |      |               |
|      |                | throoms, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | closets, |         |      |               |
|      |                | phones,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | co       |         |      |               |
|      |                | mputers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | hand     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rails,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | switch   |         |      |               |
|      |                | plates,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | frames,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | urinals, |         |      |               |
|      |                | desks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | dining   |         |      |               |
|      |                | room     |         |      |               |
|      |                | surfaces |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | bottling and   | ice      | spray,  |      | As needed     |
| 0324 | beverage       | m        | wipe,   |      |               |
| -117 | plants,        | achines, | sponge, |      |               |
|      | breweries,     | water    | im      |      |               |
|      | tobacco, egg   | coolers, | mersion |      |               |
|      | processing     | c        |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | ounters, |         |      |               |
|      | meat/poultry   | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | food     |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | pr       |         |      |               |
|      | rendering      | ocessing |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | eq       |         |      |               |
|      | fishery/milk/c | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      | itrus/wine/ice | food     |         |      |               |
|      | cream/ potato  | u        |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | tensils, |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        | dairy    |         |      |               |
|      | restaurants    | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | dishes,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | sil      |         |      |               |
|      |                | verware, |         |      |               |
|      |                | eating   |         |      |               |
|      |                | u        |         |      |               |
|      |                | tensils, |         |      |               |
|      |                | glasses, |         |      |               |
|      |                | sinks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | ounters, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerated |         |      |               |
|      |                | /storage |         |      |               |
|      |                | display  |         |      |               |
|      |                | e        |         |      |               |
|      |                | quipment |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | bottling and   | water    | pour    |      | As needed     |
| 0324 | beverage       | softners |         |      |               |
| -117 | plants,        | and      |         |      |               |
|      | breweries,     | reverse  |         |      |               |
|      | tobacco, egg   | osmosis  |         |      |               |
|      | processing     | units    |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | meat/poultry   |          |         |      |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | rendering      |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | fishery/milk/c |          |         |      |               |
|      | itrus/wine/ice |          |         |      |               |
|      | cream/ potato  |          |         |      |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1    | bottling and   | boots    | im      | B    | As needed     |
| 0324 | beverage       | and      | mersion | lend |               |
| -117 | plants,        | shoes    |         | with |               |
|      | breweries,     |          |         | A    |               |
|      | tobacco, egg   |          |         | DBAC |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | meat/poultry   |          |         |      |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | rendering      |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
|      | fishery/milk/c |          |         |      |               |
|      | itrus/wine/ice |          |         |      |               |
|      | cream/ potato  |          |         |      |               |
|      | processing     |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants,        |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | dairies,       | floors,  | fogging | B    | As needed     |
| -173 | beverage, and  | walls,   |         | lend |               |
|      | food           | coun     |         | with |               |
|      | processing     | tertops, |         | A    |               |
|      | plants         | ap       |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | pliances |         |      |               |
|      |                | (mic     |         |      |               |
|      |                | rowaves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | refrig   |         |      |               |
|      |                | erators, |         |      |               |
|      |                | stove    |         |      |               |
|      |                | tops,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | f        |         |      |               |
|      |                | reezers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | c        |         |      |               |
|      |                | oolers), |         |      |               |
|      |                | chairs,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tables,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | shelves, |         |      |               |
|      |                | racks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | carts,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | tel      |         |      |               |
|      |                | ephones, |         |      |               |
|      |                | door     |         |      |               |
|      |                | knobs,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | potato   |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | food     |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | areas,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | cutting  |         |      |               |
|      |                | boards,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | exhaust  |         |      |               |
|      |                | fans,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerator |         |      |               |
|      |                | bins,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | refr     |         |      |               |
|      |                | igerated |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | /display |         |      |               |
|      |                | eq       |         |      |               |
|      |                | uipment, |         |      |               |
|      |                | storage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tanks,   |         |      |               |
|      |                | coolers, |         |      |               |
|      |                | ice      |         |      |               |
|      |                | chests,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | garbage  |         |      |               |
|      |                | ca       |         |      |               |
|      |                | ns/pails |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *1   | *food          | *air     | *spray, | *    | 6 months      |
| 0324 | processing     | ducts*   | bru     | odor |               |
| -80* | plants, food   |          | sh,mop, | cau  |               |
|      | service areas, |          | wipe,   | sing |               |
|      | institutional  |          | ULV or  | b    |               |
|      | kitchens,      |          | mist    | acte |               |
|      | indus          |          | gene    | ria, |               |
|      | trial/hospital |          | rating, | fu   |               |
|      | caferias,      |          | au      | ngi* |               |
|      | school         |          | tomated |      |               |
|      | lunchrooms,    |          | spray*  |      |               |
|      | dairies, and   |          |         |      |               |
|      | packing        |          |         |      |               |
|      | plants*        |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| **C  |                |          |         |      |               |
| lean |                |          |         |      |               |
| /Deo |                |          |         |      |               |
| dori |                |          |         |      |               |
| zati |                |          |         |      |               |
| on** |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Water/Smoke    | carpets, | Pour,   | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | restoration    | carpet   | brush,  | lend |               |
|      | (              | cushion, | spray   | with |               |
|      | institutional, | sub      |         | A    |               |
|      | industrial,    | floors,  |         | DBAC |               |
|      | hospital)      | drywall, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trim,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | farm     |         |      |               |
|      |                | lumber,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tackless |         |      |               |
|      |                | strip    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | paneling |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | Sewer          | carpets, | spray   | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | backup/river   | carpet   |         | lend |               |
|      | flood cleanup, | cushion, |         | with |               |
|      | (clean water   | sub      |         | A    |               |
|      | source)        | floors,  |         | DBAC |               |
|      |                | drywall, |         |      |               |
|      |                | trim,    |         |      |               |
|      |                | farm     |         |      |               |
|      |                | lumber,  |         |      |               |
|      |                | tackless |         |      |               |
|      |                | strip    |         |      |               |
|      |                | and      |         |      |               |
|      |                | paneling |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| 1839 | garbage        |          |         | B    | As needed     |
| -167 | storage areas, |          |         | lend |               |
|      | pet areas,     |          |         | with |               |
|      | garbage bins & |          |         | A    |               |
|      | cans           |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
|      |                |          |         |      |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+
| *    | *hospitals*    | *Medical | *pour*  | b    | Poured into   |
| 7181 |                | waste*   |         | lend | machine       |
| 4-1* |                |          |         | w/   |               |
|      |                |          |         | A    |               |
|      |                |          |         | DBAC |               |
+------+----------------+----------+---------+------+---------------+