+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| > **Scott                |                                           |
| > Jenkins/RTP/USEPA/US** |                                           |
| >                        |                                           |
| > 05/08/2008 04:32 PM    |                                           |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

> To
>
> cc
>
> Michael Stewart/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA, Karen Martin/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA,
> Harvey Richmond/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA
>
> Subject
>
> Request for NO2 and/or SO2 air quality data

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> To: Authors of U.S. and Canadian NO2 and SO2 epidemiology studies
>
> From: Scott Jenkins and Michael Stewart, EPA, Office of Air Quality
> Planning and Standards
>
> You may be aware that the EPA is now in the process of reviewing the
> primary (health-based) national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)
> for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). An important part
> of these reviews is the preparation of the Risk and Exposure
> Assessments by the EPA\'s Office of Air Quality Planning and
> Standards. We are currently preparing the second draft of the NO2 risk
> and exposure assessment document and the first draft of the SO2
> document. We plan to release the NO2 document for review around the
> beginning of August, 2008 and the SO2 document around the end of June,
> 2008.
>
> In preparing these draft documents, it is helpful to consider air
> quality distributions from areas where epidemiological studies were
> conducted. Most studies provide some information on the distribution
> of concentration data for NO2 and/or SO2, but the information is
> generally limited in scope and the descriptive statistics provided
> vary from study to study.
>
> Therefore, we are contacting you now to ask you to provide information
> on the distribution of the air quality data for NO2 and/or SO2 used in
> your studies. It is important to emphasize that we are **not**
> requesting health data. In addition, we are not requesting raw air
> quality data. Rather, we are requesting information on distributional
> statistics of that air quality data. However, if you prefer to send
> the entire air quality data set for us to compute the descriptive
> statistics, that would also be acceptable. Please be aware that your
> responses, together with whatever data you provide, will be placed
> into our public docket.
>
> Specifically, we are interested in the following descriptive
> statistics for the air quality data from the time period of the study:
> mean, 98th percentile, and 99th percentile 1-hour and/or 24-hour
> levels from the monitor recording the highest levels. Please note that
> we are requesting information from the monitor that recorded the
> highest levels, rather than compiled across monitors, because it is
> most useful to consider this highest monitor in deliberations related
> to standard-setting. In addition, we would ask that you identify the
> relevant air quality monitor. In light of our schedules, we would
> appreciate receiving this information as soon as you are able to
> provide it. If you cannot provide us with the requested information,
> please notify us by either email or phone (see below for contact
> information).
>
> References for U.S. and Canadian studies that have used NO2 and/or SO2
> data are listed below. We are sending this note to authors listed as
> the contact for correspondence. We will follow this email message with
> a telephone call to those individuals in the next day or so to try to
> address any additional questions you might have about this request.
> Thank you in advance for your time.
>
> **References:**
>
> **U.S. Studies**
>
> Delfino, R. J.; Zeiger, R. S.; Seltzer, J. M.; Street, D. H.; McLaren,
> C. E. (2002) Association of asthma symptoms with peak particulate air
> pollution and effect modification by anti-inflammatory medication use.
> Environ. Health Perspect. 110: A607-A617.
>
> Ito, K. (2007) Characterization of PM2.5, gaseous pollutants, and
> meteorological interactions in the context of time-series health
> effects models. J. Expos. Sci. and Environ. Epid. 17: S45-S60.
>
> Jaffe, D. H.; Singer, M. E.; Rimm, A. A. (2003) Air pollution and
> emergency department visits for asthma among Ohio Medicaid recipients,
> 1991-1996. Environ. Res. 91: 21-28.
>
> Linn, W. S.; Szlachcic, Y.; Gong, H., Jr.; Kinney, P. L.; Berhane, K.
> T. (2000) Air pollution and daily hospital admissions in metropolitan
> Los Angeles. Environ. Health Perspect. 108: 427-434.
>
> Lin, S.; Hwang, S.-A.; Pantea, C.; Kielb, C.; Fitzgerald, E. (2004c)
> Childhood asthma hospitalizations and ambient air sulfur dioxide
> concentrations in Bronx County, New York. Arch. Environ. Health 59:
> 266-275.
>
> Mortimer, K. M.; Neas, L. M.; Dockery, D. W.; Redline, S.; Tager, I.
> B. (2002) The effect of air pollution on inner-city children with
> asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 19: 699-705.
>
> Neas, L. M.; Dockery, D. W.; Koutrakis, P.; Tollerud, D. J.; Speizer,
> F. E. (1995) The association of ambient air pollution with twice daily
> peak expiratory flow rate measurements in children. Am. J. Epidemiol.
> 141: 111-122.
>
> Ostro, B.; Lipsett, M.; Mann, J.; Braxton-Owens, H.; White, M. (2001)
> Air pollution and exacerbation of asthma in African-American children
> in Los Angeles. Epidemiology 12: 200-208.
>
> Peel, J. L.; Tolbert, P. E.; Klein, M.; Metzger, K. B.; Flanders, W.
> D.; Knox, T.; Mulholland, J. A.; Ryan, P. B.; Frumkin, H. (2005)
> Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits.
> Epidemiology 16: 164-174.
>
> Schildcrout, J. S.; Sheppard, L.; Lumley, T.; Slaughter, J. C.;
> Koenig, J. Q.; Shapiro, G. G. (2006) Ambient air pollution and asthma
> exacerbations in children: an eight-city analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol.
> 164: 505-517.
>
> Schwartz, J.; Dockery, D. W.; Neas, L. M.; Wypij, D.; Ware, J. H.;
> Spengler, J. D.; Koutrakis, P.; Speizer, F. E.; Ferris, B. G., Jr.
> (1994) Acute effects of summer air pollution on respiratory symptom
> reporting in children. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 150: 1234-1242.
>
> Schwartz, J. (1995) Short term fluctuations in air pollution and
> hospital admissions of the elderly for respiratory disease. Thorax 50:
> 531-538.
>
> Schwartz J. (1996) Air pollution and hospital admissions for
> respiratory disease. Epidemiology, 7: 20-28.
>
> Sheppard 1999 reanalysis 2003. Ambient air pollution and nonelderly
> asthma hospital admissions in Seattle, Washington, 1987-1994. In:
> Revised analyses of time-series studies of air pollution and health.
> Special report. Boston, MA: Health Effects Institute; pp. 227-230.
>
> Tolbert, P. E.; Klein, M.; Peel, J. L.; Sarnat, S. E.; Sarnat, J. A.
> (2007) Multipollutant modeling issues in a study of ambient air
> quality and emergency department visits in Atlanta. J. Exposure Sci.
> Environ. Epidemiol. 17(Suppl. 2s): S29-S35.
>
> Wilson, A. M.; Wake, C. P.; Kelly, T.; Salloway, J. C. (2005) Air
> pollution, weather, and respiratory emergency room visits in two
> northern New England cities: an ecological time-series study. Environ.
> Res. 97: 312-321.
>
> NY State Department of Health; Center for Environmental Health; A
> Study of Ambient Air Contaminants and Asthma in New York City Final
> Report Part B: Air Contaminants and Emergency Department Visits for
> Asthma in the Bronx and Manhattan; July 17th 2006
>
> **Canadian Studies**
>
> Burnett, R. T.; Cakmak, S.; Brook, J. R.; Krewski, D. (1997) The role
> of particulate size and chemistry in the association between
> summertime ambient air pollution and hospitalization for
> cardiorespiratory diseases. Environ. Health Perspect. 105: 614-620.
>
> Burnett, R. T.; Smith-Doiron, M.; Stieb, D.; Cakmak, S.; Brook, J. R.
> (1999) Effects of particulate and gaseous air pollution on
> cardiorespiratory hospitalizations. Arch. Environ. Health 54: 130-139.
>
> Burnett, R. T.; Smith-Doiron, M.; Stieb, D.; Cakmak, S.; Brook, J. R.
> (1999) Effects of particulate and gaseous air pollution on
> cardiorespiratory hospitalizations. Arch. Environ. Health 54: 130-139.
>
> Burnett, R. T.; Smith-Doiron, M.; Stieb, D.; Raizenne, M. E.; Brook,
> J. R.; Dales, R. E.; Leech, J. A.; Cakmak, S.; Krewski, D. (2001)
> Association between ozone and hospitalization for acute respiratory
> diseases in children less than 2 years of age. Am. J. Epidemiol. 153:
> 444-452.
>
> Cakmak, S.; Dales, R. E.; Judek, S. 2006. Respiratory health effects
> of air pollution gases: modification by education and income. Arch.
> Environ. Occup. Health 61: 5-10.
>
> Fung, K. Y.; Khan, S.; Krewski, D.; Chen, Y. (2006) Association
> between air pollution and multiple respiratory hospitalizations among
> the elderly in Vancouver, Canada. Inhalation Toxicol. 18: 1005-1011.
>
> Lin, M.; Chen, Y.; Burnett, R. T.; Villeneuve, P. J.; Krewski, D.
> (2003) Effect of short-term exposure to gaseous pollution on asthma
> hospitalisation in children: a bi-directional case-crossover analysis.
> J. Epidemiol. Community Health 57: 50-55.
>
> Lin, M.; Chen, Y.; Burnett, R. T.; Villeneuve, P. J.; Krewski, D.
> (2003) Effect of short-term exposure to gaseous pollution on asthma
> hospitalizations in children: a bi-directional case-crossover
> analysis. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 57: 50-55.
>
> Lin, M.; Chen, Y.; Villeneuve, P. J.; Burnett, R. T.; Lemyre, L.;
> Hertzman, C.; McGrail, K. M.; Krewski, D. (2004a) Gaseous air
> pollutants and asthma hospitalization of children with low household
> income in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Am. J. Epidemiol. 159:
> 294-303.
>
> Luginaah, I. N.; Fung, K. Y.; Gorey, K. M.; Webster, G.; Wills, C.
> (2005) Association of ambient air pollution with respiratory
> hospitalization in a government designated \"area of concern\": the
> case of Windsor, Ontario. Environ. Health Perspect. 113: 290-296.
>
> Stieb, D. M.; Beveridge, R. C.; Brook, J. R.; Smith-Doiron, M.;
> Burnett, R. T.; Dales, R. E.; Beaulieu, S.; Judek, S.; Mamedov, A. Air
> pollution, aeroallergens and cardiorespiratory emergency department
> visits in Saint John, Canada. 2000 . J Exposure Anal. Environ.
> Epidemiol. 10: 461-477.
>
> Yang, Q.; Chen, Y.; Shi, Y.; Burnett, R. T.; McGrail, K. M.; Krewski,
> D. (2003) Association between ozone and respiratory admissions among
> children and the elderly in Vancouver, Canada. Inhalation Toxicol. 15:
> 1297-1308.

Scott Jenkins, Ph.D.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Air and Radiation

Health and Environmental Impacts Division

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

919-541-1167 (v)

jenkins.scott@epa.gov